{"id":122232,"date":"2018-11-19T12:00:14","date_gmt":"2018-11-19T12:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=122232"},"modified":"2018-11-18T14:47:00","modified_gmt":"2018-11-18T14:47:00","slug":"khmer-rouge-leaders-found-guilty-of-genocide-in-cambodias-nuremberg-moment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2018\/11\/khmer-rouge-leaders-found-guilty-of-genocide-in-cambodias-nuremberg-moment\/","title":{"rendered":"Khmer Rouge Leaders Found Guilty of Genocide in Cambodia\u2019s \u2018Nuremberg\u2019 Moment"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khieu Samphan and Nuon Chea are the two most senior living leaders of regime that presided over deaths of at least 1.7 million in Cambodia.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/a>

About two million people died during Cambodia\u2019s Khmer Rouge regime. Two of its senior leaders have been on trial on charges of genocide.
Photograph: MARKA \/ Alamy Stock Photo\/Alamy Stock Photo<\/p><\/div>\n

16 Nov 2018 – <\/em>The two most senior Khmer Rouge<\/a> leaders still alive today have been found guilty of genocide, almost 40 years since Pol Pot\u2019s brutal communist regime fell, in a verdict followed by millions of Cambodians.<\/p>\n

Nuon Chea, 92, who was second-in-command to Pol Pot, and Khieu Samphan, 87, who served as head of state, were both sentenced to life imprisonment for genocide and crimes against humanity carried out between 1977 and 1979, in what is a landmark moment for the Khmer Rouge tribunals. The pair are already serving life sentences for crimes against humanity.<\/p>\n

As senior figures in the Khmer regime, the court declared both men responsible for murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation imprisonment, torture, persecution on religious, racial and political grounds, enforced disappearances and mass rape through the state policy of forced marriages .<\/p>\n

Nuon Chea, described by the court as \u201cPol Pot\u2019s right hand\u201d, was found guilty of all charges of genocide of the Vietnamese, former Khmer republic officials and the Cham Muslim minority. Khieu Samphan was found guilty of the genocide of the Vietnamese but was cleared of involvement in the genocidal extermination of the Cham.<\/p>\n

The verdict, read by Judge Nil Nonn, gave a detailed account of some of the most horrific actions carried out by the regime, particularly focusing on the infamous S-21 security prison and execution site where tens of thousands were killed. Interrogations, and executions were carried out under the direct instruction of those in the \u201cupper echelons, including Nuon Chea\u201d, who oversaw S-21 for two years.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe chamber finds that prisoners were brought to interrogation rooms, handcuffed and blindfolded, their legs chained during questioning\u201d said Nil Nonn, adding that interrogation methods included \u201cbeatings with sticks, rocks, electrical wire, whips, electric shocks and suffocation and the extraction of of toenails and fingernails.\u201d<\/p>\n

As the list of the regime\u2019s crimes were read out in detail, Nuon Chea asked to be excused from the court on the basis of ill health.<\/p>\n

The judgment also emphasised that Khieu Samphan \u201cencouraged, incited and legitimised\u201d the criminal policies that lead to the deaths of civilians \u201con a massive scale\u201d including the millions forced into labour camps to build dams and bridges and the mass extermination of Vietnamese. Buddhist monks were forcibly defrocked while Muslims were forced to eat pork.<\/p>\n

Read More: From the archive, 18 April 1975: Khmer Rouge take over Cambodia<\/a> <\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

David Scheffer, who was UN secretary general\u2019s special expert on assistance to the Khmer Rouge trials and the former US ambassador at large for war crimes issues, described the genocide verdict as \u201cvery significant\u201d. \u201cThis is comparable, in Cambodia<\/a>, to the Nuremberg judgment after world war two,\u201d Scheffer told the Guardian. \u201cThat is worth the money and effort.\u201d<\/p>\n

On Friday morning the courtroom in the capital of Phnom Penh was packed with families of some of the 1.7 million Cambodians who died between 1975 and 1979, through a combinations of mass executions, starvation and brutal labour camps, in one of the worst atrocities of the 20th century.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt was such an evil regime and it was the worst example of what a government can do,\u201d said prosecutor Nicholas Koumjian. \u201cI think this verdict is a very timely and very necessary. The fact that these crimes happened 40 years ago in no way diminishes the impact of this verdict for those who were affected by the crimes, people whose parents were tortured and killed.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Khieu Samphan, left, and Nuon Chea, right, in 2013
Photograph: Mark Peters\/AP<\/p><\/div>\n

While neither Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan disputed their roles as pivotal figures in the Khmer Rouge communist regime \u2013 whose repressive policies of agricultural collectivisation and social engineering led to famine and saw hundreds of thousands put into labour camps \u2013 they both denied genocide. By the time the regime was ousted by Cambodian dissidents and Vietnamese troops in 1979, about 25% of Cambodia\u2019s population had died.<\/p>\n

Victor Koppe, the lawyer for Nuon Chea, told the Guardian the case at the extraordinary chambers in the courts of Cambodia (ECCC) had been conducted \u201cvery unfairly\u201d and had served simply to prop up a version of history that suited the current government. Many of today\u2019s government figures, including Prime Minister Hun Sen, served in the Khmer Rouge regime before defecting.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn 10 or 20 years from now, when the dust has settled, people will look back on this as a complete waste of time and energy and resources,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

He was echoed by Anta Guisse, the lawyer for for Khieu Samphan, who said that due to the symbolic importance of securing convictions, neither of the defendants had been given a fair trial. Both Koppe and Guisse confirmed they would be appealing the convictions.<\/p>\n

The Khmer Rouge trials have been plagued by criticism since the ECCC was formed in 1997 through a conjoined effort by the UN and the Cambodian courts to try the \u201cmost senior\u201d Khmer Rouge members. It took nine years to get the first case to trial and, 12 years and $320m later, it has convicted only three men. Most of those responsible for the killings, including Pol Pot, died before they could be tried.<\/p>\n

The first life sentence was handed to Kaing Guek Eav, known as Comrade Duch<\/a>, who ran S-21 concentration camp in Phnom Penh where at least 14,000 people were tortured and killed. In 2014, Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan were then found guilty of crimes against humanity.<\/p>\n

Their second trial, for genocide and mass rape, drew to a close in June last year but the verdict has taken 18 months to reach by the panel of three Cambodian and two international judges.<\/p>\n

Many have criticised the tribunals for moving at a glacial, and very expensive pace, and being susceptible to political interference from Hun Sen\u2019s government. Prosecutor Koumjian said he \u201cwished things had gone faster and that more people had been prosecuted\u201d.<\/p>\n

But Alexander Hinton, director of the Centre for the Study of Genocide and Human Rights, and UNESCO chair on genocide prevention at Rutgers University, said: \u201cJustice is not perfect. But it\u2019s better than no justice. And what\u2019s the alternative? Impunity for mass murder.\u201d<\/p>\n

There are three Khmer Rouge commanders who are still awaiting trial but the future of the ECCC remains uncertain, mainly due to resistance from Hun Sen who has long opposed the trials and said that any more cases risked pushing Cambodia into civil war.<\/p>\n

Hinton admitted that the political interference from Hun Sen\u2019s regime had \u201ctarnished\u201d the legacy of the ECCC. \u201cThese tribunals are political through and through and this one is more than most\u201d he said. \u201cIt has been plagued by accusations of corruption, political interference, and at times less than robust law.<\/p>\n

\u201cBut in the end the court delivered,\u201d he added. \u201cThere may just have been three judgments, but the process proceeded with the rule of law. I expect most Cambodians will take this court, warts and all.\u201d<\/p>\n

Go to Original \u2013 theguardian.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

16 Nov 2018 – The two most senior Khmer Rouge leaders still alive today have been found guilty of genocide, almost 40 years since Pol Pot\u2019s brutal regime fell. Khieu Samphan and Nuon Chea were leaders of a regime that presided over deaths of at least 1.7 million in Cambodia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":122234,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-122232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asia-pacific"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=122232"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122232\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/122234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=122232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=122232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=122232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}