{"id":134183,"date":"2019-05-27T12:01:52","date_gmt":"2019-05-27T11:01:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=134183"},"modified":"2019-05-25T07:53:54","modified_gmt":"2019-05-25T06:53:54","slug":"sri-lanka-sectarian-violence-and-the-higher-self","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2019\/05\/sri-lanka-sectarian-violence-and-the-higher-self\/","title":{"rendered":"Sri Lanka: Sectarian Violence and the Higher Self"},"content":{"rendered":"

On 14 and 15 May 2019, revenge violence broke out in a number of towans in Sri Lanka against Muslim shopkeepers by Christians motivated by the Easter Sunday attacks on three Christian churches, two Roman Catholic and one Protestant.\u00a0 The Easter church attacks were carried out by a recently formed militant Muslim militia most of whose members have now been arrested by the police.\u00a0 However, the danger of sectarian violence remains real, and measures of active reconciliation are needed.<\/p>\n

Just 10 years ago, in mid and late May 2009, the fighting between the Sri Lankan Army and the remaining Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelan (LTTE) led by Veluppilai Pirabhakaren came to an end.\u00a0 The military struggle had begun in 1983, but its roots went back at least to independence in 1948.\u00a0 The conflict between the Sinhalese and the Tamils had ebbed and flowed since the colonial period in disputes about legitimacy, language, economy, and policies on religion.<\/p>\n

Since the armed conflict had a certain religious coloring – the Tamils being largely Hindus and the majority Sinhalese Buddhists – religious organizations, both national and international, tried to play a role as mediators; or, at least, proposed possible subjects ripe for mediation.<\/p>\n

In the end, no offer of compromise was ever enough.\u00a0 All forms of moderation were seen as betrayal.\u00a0 The war continued with the last months being particularly destructive.\u00a0 The psychological wounds are deep.\u00a0 The healing of individual traumas with psycho-spiritual techniques remains a real priority, for the suffering of the war may sow the seeds of future unrest and a desire for revenge.<\/p>\n

At the end of the armed conflict in 2009, the Association of World Citizens proposed a con-federal structure of government as a way of respecting differences in a pluralistic society while providing the possibilities of joint action.\u00a0\u00a0 There is a need to develop government structures in which all citizens feel that they belong and that their interests are safeguarded.<\/p>\n

Federal or con-federal forms of government were agreed to in the 1987 Indo-Sri Lanka Accord leading to the 13th Amendment to the Sri Lanka Constitution.\u00a0 The amendment provides for the establishment of provincial councils. Unfortunately, these Councils have never become functional.<\/p>\n

It is my impression that in the past decade, there have not been the creative changes in the structure of government needed.\u00a0 Popular participation in government has not been developed.<\/p>\n

While the Sinhalese-Tamil tensions lent themselves to con-federal type proposals as the populations lived in relatively separate parts of the island, Christians and Muslims live spread out over the whole country.\u00a0 Thus, decentralized governmental structures are not an adequate policy for reconciliation.\u00a0 Rather, it is a modification of attitudes, values and individual actions which is needed.\u00a0 In many such conflicts based on attitudes and visions of “identity”, the Association of World Citizens stresses the importance of a quest for the Higher Self.\u00a0 This is an identity which first includes the individual’s current self-identity formed by nationality, social class, religious beliefs, sexual orientation,\u00a0 language and life experience. The Higher Self is more than the sum of these elements in the formation of identity. The Higher Self is formed by an interaction of the individual with what we can call a spiritual energy from which the individual consciousness arises.\u00a0 What the Chinese call the Tao. It is this Higher Self which is the ground of world citizenship, a sense of identity with all of humanity and a kinship with Nature which also arises from the same spiritual energy.<\/p>\n

As has been said, it is difficult to solve problems on the same level from which gave rise to the problem.\u00a0 While Christian-Muslim dialogue is necessary in Sri Lanka, as elsewhere, it is only as the individual person moves beyond their self-identification as Christians or Muslims that a true harmonious society can grow.<\/p>\n

______________________________________<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/em>Ren\u00e9 Wadlow is a member of the <\/em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace Development Environment<\/a><\/em>. He <\/em>is President of the Association of World Citizens, an international peace organization with consultative status with ECOSOC, the United Nations organ facilitating international cooperation and problem-solving in economic and social issues, and editor of <\/em>Transnational Perspectives.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On 14 and 15 May 2019, revenge violence broke out in a number of towns in Sri Lanka against Muslim shopkeepers by Christians motivated by the Easter Sunday attacks on three Christian churches. As has been said, it is difficult to solve problems on the same level from which gave rise to the problem. While Christian-Muslim dialogue is necessary in Sri Lanka, as elsewhere, it is only as the individual person moves beyond their self-identification as Christians or Muslims that a true harmonious society can grow.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":55053,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[120,267,487,109,287,103,107,953,1135,265,126],"class_list":["post-134183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transcend-members","tag-conflict","tag-geopolitics","tag-human-rights","tag-politics","tag-power","tag-racism","tag-religion","tag-south-asia","tag-sri-lanka","tag-terrorism","tag-violence"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=134183"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134183\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=134183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=134183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=134183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}