{"id":157389,"date":"2020-04-06T12:01:29","date_gmt":"2020-04-06T11:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=157389"},"modified":"2020-12-02T10:17:57","modified_gmt":"2020-12-02T10:17:57","slug":"1918-pandemic-h1n1-virus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2020\/04\/1918-pandemic-h1n1-virus\/","title":{"rendered":"1918 Pandemic (H1N1 virus)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col content \">\n<div class=\"syndicate\">\n<div class=\"row \">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pandeminc-1918.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-157393\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pandeminc-1918-1024x228.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pandeminc-1918-1024x228.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pandeminc-1918-300x67.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pandeminc-1918-768x171.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pandeminc-1918.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The 1918 influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history. It was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin. Although there is not universal consensus regarding where the virus originated, it spread worldwide during 1918-1919.\u00a0 In the United States, it was first identified in military personnel in spring 1918. It is estimated that about 500 million people or one-third of the world\u2019s population became infected with this virus. The number of deaths was estimated to be at least 50 million worldwide with about 675,000 occurring in the United States.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row mt-3 \">\n<div class=\"mt-3 pt-3 col-md-6\">\n<div class=\"card mb-3\">\n<div class=\"small video-transcript\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>1918 Pandemic Video<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"card-body bg-white\">\n<div class=\"mb-3 video-container\">\n<div class=\"video-links mt-3\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"card mb-3\">\n<div class=\"card-header h4 bg-primary\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"card-body bg-white\">\n<div class=\"mb-3 video-container\">\n<div class=\"embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe class=\"embed-responsive-item\" title=\"1918 Flu Pandemic\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/U6Ccdk5wPvk?autohide=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;playerapiid=62435&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;origin=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov&amp;showinfo=0\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/U6Ccdk5wPvk?autohide=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;playerapiid=62435&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;origin=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov&amp;showinfo=0&amp;wmode=opaque?enablejsapi=1\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"video-links mt-3\">\n<div class=\"small video-transcript\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/video\/pandemic-resources\/1918-pandemic-flu\/1918-pandemic-flu-lowres.wmv\" class=\"nonHtml noDecoration\"  target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"sr-only\">media icon<\/span> Low Resolution Video<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"card-header h4 bg-primary\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"row \">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<div class=\"w-md-col4 float-md-left cl mr-md-3\">\n<div class=\"card card-multi ds-8 mb-3\">\n<div class=\"card-body \">\n<div class=\"card \"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top img-fluid p-0 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/pandemic-resources\/1918-commemoration\/images\/history-flu-pandemic.jpg\" alt=\"nurses carrying patient on stretcher\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Mortality was high in people younger than 5 years old, 20-40 years old, and 65 years and older. The high mortality in healthy people, including those in the 20-40 year age group, was a unique feature of this pandemic. While the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/wcms-wp.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/qa\/1918flupandemic.htm\" >1918 H1N1 virus has been synthesized and evaluated<\/a>, the properties that made it so devastating are not well understood. With no vaccine to protect against influenza infection and no antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections that can be associated with influenza infections, control efforts worldwide were limited to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/wcms-wp.cdc.gov\/nonpharmaceutical-interventions\/index.html\" >non-pharmaceutical interventions<\/a>\u00a0such as isolation, quarantine, good personal hygiene, use of disinfectants, and limitations of public gatherings, which were applied unevenly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row \">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<div class=\"card-body \">\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"card-title h4 text-left\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/pandemic-resources\/reconstruction-1918-virus.html\" >The Deadliest Flu: The Complete Story of the Discovery and Reconstruction of the 1918 Pandemic Virus<\/a><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_157390\" style=\"width: 293px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1918-flu-virus.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-157390\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-157390\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1918-flu-virus-283x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"283\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1918-flu-virus-283x300.jpg 283w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1918-flu-virus.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-157390\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1918 Flu Virus<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The 1918 H1N1 flu virus caused the deadliest pandemic of the 20th century. To better understand this deadly virus, an expert group of researchers and virus hunters set out to search for the lost 1918 virus, sequence its genome, recreate the virus in a highly safe and regulated laboratory setting at CDC, and ultimately study its secrets to better prepare for future pandemics.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row \">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<div class=\"bt-3 bt-primary r-small\">\n<div class=\"card mb-3\">\n<div class=\"card-header h4 bg-gray-l3\"><strong>Additional Resources:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"card-body bg-white\">\n<ul class=\"block-list\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/pandemic-resources\/reconstruction-1918-virus.html\" >The Deadliest Flu: The Complete Story of the Discovery and Reconstruction of the 1918 Pandemic Virus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/wcms-wp.cdc.gov\/flu\/pandemic-resources\/1918-commemoration\/1918-webinar.htm\" >1918 Pandemic Flu Partner Webinar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/wcms-wp.cdc.gov\/publications\/panflu\/index.html\" >Pandemic Influenza Storybook<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/exhibits\/influenza-epidemic\/records-list.html\" class=\"tp-link-policy\"  data-domain-ext=\"gov\">The Deadly Virus: The Influenza Epidemic of 1918<span class=\"sr-only\">external icon<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/wcms-wp.cdc.gov\/flu\/pandemic-resources\/pdf\/workshop.pdf\"  target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pandemic Influenza\u2014Past, Present, Future: Communicating Today Based on the Lessons from the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic <span class=\"sr-only\">pdf icon<\/span><span class=\"file-details\">[1.72 MB, 47 Pages]<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.navy.mil\/research\/library\/online-reading-room\/title-list-alphabetically\/i\/influenza\/influenza-of-1918-spanish-flu-and-the-us-navy.html\" class=\"tp-link-policy\"  data-domain-ext=\"mil\">Influenza of 1918 (Spanish Flu) and the U.S. Navy<span class=\"sr-only\">external icon<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/epirev\/article\/18\/1\/64\/447194\/Emerging-Infections-Pandemic-Influenza\" class=\"tp-link-policy\"  data-domain-ext=\"com\">Glezen WP. Emerging infections: pandemic influenza. Epidemiol Rev. 1996;18(1):64-76.<span class=\"sr-only\">external icon<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3291411\/\" class=\"tp-link-policy\"  data-domain-ext=\"gov\">Kilbourne ED. Influenza pandemics of the 20th century. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Jan;12(1):9-14.<span class=\"sr-only\">external icon<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/12\/1\/05-0979_article\" >Taubenberger JK, Morens DM 1918 influenza: the mother of all pandemics. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:15\u201322<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/359\/6373\/255\" class=\"tp-link-policy\"  data-domain-ext=\"org\">Belser, JA ; Tumpey, TM. The 1918 flu, 100 years later: Science. 2018 Jan. Vol. 359, Issue 6373, pp. 255<span class=\"sr-only\">external icon<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/aje\/kwy165\/5068408?guestAccessKey=2b05a8ed-3663-45c1-9fb2-96bff3b45f62\" class=\"tp-link-policy\"  data-domain-ext=\"com\">Jester, B; Uyeki, T; Jernigan, D. Readiness for Responding to a Severe Pandemic 100 Years After 1918: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2018, Jan.<span class=\"sr-only\">external icon<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row last-reviewed-row\">\n<div class=\"col last-reviewed\"><em>Page last reviewed: <span id=\"last-reviewed-date\">March 20, 2019<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"row last-reviewed-row\">\n<div class=\"col last-reviewed\">\n<div class=\"d-none d-lg-block content-source\"><em>Content source: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/\" class=\"td-none\" >Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncird\/index.html\" class=\"td-none\" >National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD)<\/a><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"dropdown-menu ds-4 show\" aria-labelledby=\"dropdownMenuButton\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/espanol.cdc.gov\/enes\/flu\/pandemic-resources\/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html\" class=\"dropdown-item fs08\" ><em>Castellano<\/em><\/a><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/pandemic-resources\/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html\" >Go to Original &#8211; cdc.gov<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The 1918 influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history. It was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin and spread worldwide during 1918-1919.\u00a0It is estimated that about 500 million people or one-third of the world\u2019s population became infected with this virus. The number of deaths was estimated to be at least 50 million worldwide.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":157393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148,2236],"tags":[1886,1829,1868,260,1864,75],"class_list":["post-157389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-covid19-coronavirus","tag-1918-influenza-pandemic","tag-coronavirus","tag-covid-19","tag-history","tag-pandemic","tag-world"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=157389"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157389\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/157393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=157389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=157389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=157389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}