{"id":163987,"date":"2020-07-06T12:00:17","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T11:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=163987"},"modified":"2024-06-12T21:25:12","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T20:25:12","slug":"by-recognising-palestine-britain-can-help-right-the-wrongs-of-the-balfour-declaration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2020\/07\/by-recognising-palestine-britain-can-help-right-the-wrongs-of-the-balfour-declaration\/","title":{"rendered":"By Recognising Palestine, Britain Can Help Right the Wrongs of the Balfour Declaration"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><em>The theft of Palestinian land is a legacy of British colonialism. The UK must stand in the way of further Israeli annexations.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_163988\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/palestine-israel-gaza-west-bank2.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-163988\" class=\"wp-image-163988\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/palestine-israel-gaza-west-bank2-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/palestine-israel-gaza-west-bank2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/palestine-israel-gaza-west-bank2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/palestine-israel-gaza-west-bank2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/palestine-israel-gaza-west-bank2-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/palestine-israel-gaza-west-bank2.jpg 1777w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-163988\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters gather in Tel Aviv&#8217;s Rabin Square on June 6, 2020, to denounce Israel&#8217;s plan to annex parts of the occupied West Bank. Photo by JACK GUEZ\/AFP via Getty Images<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>22 Jun 2020 &#8211; <\/em><span class=\"drop-cap\"><span class=\"drop-cap__inner\">I<\/span><\/span>f ever there was a time to re-examine colonial legacies and responsibilities, this is it. The theft of Palestine from the Palestinians is one such legacy. On 2 November 1917, the foreign secretary, Arthur James Balfour, issued his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2017\/nov\/01\/arthur-balfour-declaration-100-years-of-suffering-britain-palestine-israel\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">famous declaration<\/a> in support of \u201ca national home for the Jewish people\u201d in Palestine. In 1917, Jews constituted 10% of the population, the rest were Arabs. Yet Britain recognised the national rights of a tiny minority and denied it to the majority.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"element element-rich-link element--thumbnail element-rich-link--upgraded\" data-component=\"rich-link\" data-link-name=\"rich-link-1 | 1\">\n<div class=\"rich-link tone-comment--item rich-link--pillar-opinion\">\n<div class=\"rich-link__container\">\n<div class=\"rich-link__header\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p>In his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2014\/nov\/03\/churchill-factor-review-boris-johnson-winston\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">2014 biography of Winston Churchill<\/a>, Boris Johnson described the Balfour declaration as \u201cbizarre\u201d, \u201ctragically incoherent\u201d and \u201can exquisite piece of Foreign Office fudgerama\u201d \u2014 a rare example of sound judgment and historical accuracy from the pen of Johnson.<\/p>\n<p>The Balfour declaration enabled the Zionist movement to embark on the systematic takeover of Palestine, a process the Zionists themselves initially described as settler colonialism, a process which is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2017\/dec\/12\/jerusalem-chapter-century-colonialism-donald-trump-intervention-palestine\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">still continuing<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In 1917, only 2% of Palestine was owned by Jews. In 1947 the UN proposed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/theguardian\/from-the-archive-blog\/2011\/may\/27\/guardian190-partition-palestine-alistair-cooke-1947\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">partitioning the territory<\/a> of the British mandate in Palestine into two states, one Arab and one Jewish. Under this plan, the Jews were allocated 55% of the land although they still owned only 7%. In the course of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/apr\/26\/british-secret-documents-palestine-partition\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">1948 war<\/a>, the newly established State of Israel <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">extended the territory<\/a> under its control to 78% of Mandatory Palestine. This postwar status quo was confirmed in the 1949 armistice agreements concluded by Israel with its Arab neighbours, the only internationally recognised borders it has ever had.<\/p>\n<p>In the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/jun\/06\/six-day-war-israel-air-successes-egypt-1967\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">June 1967 war<\/a>, Israel completed the conquest of Palestine by occupying the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. By signing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/theguardian\/2013\/sep\/10\/israel-plo-oslo-agreement-1993\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">Oslo Accord<\/a> with Israel in 1993, the Palestine Liberation Organisation gave up its claim to 78% of Palestine. In return they hoped to achieve an independent Palestinian state on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip with a capital city in East Jerusalem. It was not to be.<\/p>\n<p>There were many reasons for the breakdown of the Oslo peace process but the most fundamental was the relentless expansion of Israeli settlements on occupied Palestinian land in flagrant violation of international law. Settlements consolidate the colonial project beyond the green line, the pre-1967 border. By expanding these settlements, all Israeli governments since Oslo \u2013 Labour as well as Likud \u2013 have demonstrated that they are more interested in land than in peace.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"element element-rich-link element-rich-link--tag element--thumbnail element-rich-link--upgraded\" data-component=\"rich-link-tag\" data-link-name=\"rich-link-tag\">\n<div class=\"rich-link tone-news--item rich-link--pillar-news\">\n<div class=\"rich-link__container\">\n<div class=\"rich-link__read-more\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p>Having just formed a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/mar\/03\/israel-election-benjamin-netanyahu-claims-early-victory-but-remains-short-of-majority\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">new coalition government<\/a> following a third inconclusive election in one year, Benjamin Netanyahu, the Likud leader, has announced his plan to formally annex <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-middle-east-53062134\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">a<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-middle-east-53062134\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">bout 30<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-middle-east-53062134\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">% of the West Bank<\/a>, including the settlement blocs and the Jordan Valley. There is a majority in the Knesset, Israel\u2019s parliament, for annexation. If annexation takes place, it would leave the Palestinians with roughly 15% of historic Palestine. It would also hammer the last nail in the coffin of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/apr\/14\/europe-must-stand-by-the-two-state-solution-for-israel-and-palestine\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">two-state solution<\/a> to which the international community still clings.<\/p>\n<p>Support for annexation comes from Donald Trump, Netanyahu\u2019s friend and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2019\/dec\/14\/trump-netanyahu-biography-america-israel-books\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">close political ally<\/a>. In January, Trump unveiled his much-vaunted \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/jan\/30\/donald-trump-israel-palestinians-middle-east\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">deal of the century<\/a>\u201d. This is not a peace plan but a US endorsement of every item on Netanyahu\u2019s wish list. Unsurprisingly, it was hailed by Netanyahu and his rightwing cronies as a second Balfour declaration. It gives Israel a free pass to annex roughly a third of the West Bank without having to negotiate with the Palestinians, let alone make any concessions.<\/p>\n<p>To the Palestinians, Trump\u2019s plan offers a paltry reward of $50bn over five years if they acquiesce in a \u201cstate\u201d consisting of a collection of enclaves surrounded by Israeli settlements and military bases, with no territorial contiguity, no capital in East Jerusalem, no army, no borders with the outside world, and no control over their airspace or natural resources. They will only be allowed to call this a state if they meet a list of conditions determined by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/israel\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"auto-linked-tag\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\">Israel<\/a>. By any standard, this is a grotesquely unfair and insulting proposal.<\/p>\n<p>Netanyahu is inundated with protests against annexation from leftwing Israeli political parties, from a network of diaspora Jewish organisations, and from a group of 220 former Israeli generals and heads of security services who call themselves <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.cis.org.il\/\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">Commanders for Israel\u2019s Security<\/a>. The main arguments advanced by these diverse groups are that annexation will be detrimental to Israel\u2019s security, that it will be difficult and costly to police the extended borders, that it risks igniting a third Palestinian uprising, poses a threat to the peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, ends the prospect of normalisation with the rest of the Arab world, and turns Israel \u201cofficially\u201d into an apartheid state. Significantly, all these arguments are more concerned with Israel\u2019s welfare and reputation than with Palestinian rights.<\/p>\n<p>The same can be said of the group of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/jun\/05\/israel-west-bank-annexation-plans-condemned-leading-british-jews\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">prominent British Jews<\/a> describing themselves as \u201ccommitted Zionists and passionately outspoken friends of Israel\u201d. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/israel-news\/we-cannot-justify-israel-s-west-bank-annexation-1.8898139\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">In a letter to <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/israel-news\/we-cannot-justify-israel-s-west-bank-annexation-1.8898139\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">Mark Regev<\/a>, Israel\u2019s ambassador to London, they warn that unilateral annexation \u201cwould pose an existential threat to the traditions of Zionism in Britain, and to Israel as we know it\u201d. Concern for the wellbeing of the oppressor rather than the oppressed is another well-worn trope of colonial discourse.<\/p>\n<p>The British government joined 10 European Union countries to warn Israel against annexation, while 130 MPs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/may\/01\/mps-press-for-sanctions-against-israel-over-west-bank-annexations\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">signed an open letter<\/a> urging Johnson to impose economic sanctions on Israel if it went ahead with the move. The MPs are right that action is needed; tepid expressions of disapproval have never deterred the Israeli government. Recognising Palestine as a state within the 1967 borders is another way for Britain to right the wrongs of Balfour and end up on the right side of history.<\/p>\n<p>More than a dozen European parliaments have recognised Palestine but only one government \u2013 Sweden. In 2017, Johnson, then foreign secretary, rejected <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/oct\/30\/mark-balfour-declaration-anniversary-centenary-recognise-palestine-emily-thornberry-labour\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">Labour\u2019s call<\/a> for the UK to mark the Balfour declaration\u2019s centenary by officially recognising the state of Palestine, declaring that \u201cthe moment is not yet right to play that card\u201d. Surely today the moment has come.<\/p>\n<p>__________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Avi Shlaim is professor emeritus of international relations at St Antony&#8217;s College, Oxford University. He is the author of <\/em>The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World<em>, and <\/em>Israel and Palestine: Reappraisals, Revisions, Refutations.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/jun\/22\/palestine-britain-balfour-declaration-colonialism-uk-israeli-annexations\" >Go to Original &#8211; theguardian.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>22 Jun 2020 &#8211; The theft of Palestinian land is a legacy of British colonialism. The UK must stand in the way of further Israeli annexations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":163988,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[120,1829,1030,87,267,1029,487,2395,88,771,1027,427,85,109,287,1572,985,880,292,70,126,1025,886],"class_list":["post-163987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-palestine-israel-gaza-genocide","tag-conflict","tag-coronavirus","tag-fatah","tag-gaza","tag-geopolitics","tag-hamas","tag-human-rights","tag-international-criminal-court-icc","tag-israel","tag-nakba","tag-oslo-accords","tag-palestine","tag-palestine-israel","tag-politics","tag-power","tag-settlers","tag-social-justice","tag-state-terrorism","tag-un","tag-usa","tag-violence","tag-west-bank","tag-zionism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=163987"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163987\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":264269,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163987\/revisions\/264269"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/163988"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=163987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=163987"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=163987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}