{"id":164107,"date":"2020-07-06T12:00:44","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T11:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=164107"},"modified":"2020-12-02T10:06:16","modified_gmt":"2020-12-02T10:06:16","slug":"on-the-treatment-of-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2020\/07\/on-the-treatment-of-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"On the Treatment of COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>3 Jul 2020 &#8211; <\/em>Immunological and serological studies <a href=\"https:\/\/swprs.org\/studies-on-covid-19-lethality\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">show that<\/a> a large part of the population develops no symptoms or only mild symptoms due to the new coronavirus, while some people may experience a more pronounced or critical course of the disease.<\/p>\n<p>Based on the available scientific evidence and current clinical experience, the SPR Collaboration recommends that physicians and authorities consider the following treatment protocol for <em>early treatment<\/em> of the Covid-19 disease (see below for references).<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h4><strong>Note<\/strong>: Patients are asked to consult a doctor.<\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4>Treatment protocol<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Zinc (approx. 100mg per day)<\/li>\n<li>Vitamins C and D3 plus quercetin<\/li>\n<li>Hydroxychloroquine (approx. 400mg per day)<\/li>\n<li>Azithromycin (approx. 500mg per day)<\/li>\n<li>Heparin (usual dosage)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Explanatory notes<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Zinc<\/strong>: Antiviral properties (see references below). Zinc may be used prophylactically or immediately when the first mild symptoms appear. For some patients, treatment with high-dose zinc (100mg per day) may already be sufficient to prevent progression of the disease.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vitamins C and D3<\/strong>: Support of the immune system (also prophylactically). These may be supplemented by the antiviral flavonoid <strong>quercetin<\/strong>, which supports the absorption of zinc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)<\/strong>: Support of the cellular uptake of zinc as well as additional antiviral properties. If prescribed by a doctor, HCQ may be used immediately upon the onset of the first mild symptoms or even prophylactically. Contraindications (e.g. favism) must be observed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Azithromycin<\/strong>: Antibiotic to prevent a bacterial superinfection in case of viral pneumonia. In patients at risk and as prescribed by a doctor, azithromycin may be used immediately after the first mild symptoms appear. Contraindications must be observed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Heparin<\/strong>: Anticoagulation (blood clotting inhibition) for prophylaxis or treatment of infection-related thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients at risk and as prescribed by a doctor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In all cases, <strong>early treatment<\/strong> as soon as the first mild symptoms appear and even without a PCR test is crucial to prevent progression of the disease. Zinc and HCQ may also be used prophylactically.<\/p>\n<p>The alleged or actual negative results with HCQ in some studies were based, according to the current state of knowledge, on <a href=\"https:\/\/c19study.com\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">delayed use<\/a> (intensive care patients), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.francesoir.fr\/politique-monde\/oxford-recovery-et-solidarity-overdosage-two-clinical-trials-acts-considered\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">excessive doses<\/a> (up to 2400mg per day), manipulated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/jun\/03\/covid-19-surgisphere-who-world-health-organization-hydroxychloroquine\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data sets<\/a>, or ignored <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iss.it\/en\/rapporti-covid-19\/-\/asset_publisher\/btw1J82wtYzH\/content\/id\/5334891\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contraindications<\/a> (e.g., favism).<\/p>\n<p>Early treatment based on the above protocol is intended to avoid hospitalization. If hospitalization nevertheless is required, experienced ICU doctors <a href=\"https:\/\/www.evms.edu\/media\/evms_public\/departments\/internal_medicine\/EVMS_Critical_Care_COVID-19_Protocol.pdf\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recommend<\/a> avoiding invasive ventilation (intubation) whenever possible and using oxygen therapy (HFNC) instead.<\/p>\n<p>It is conceivable that the above treatment protocol, which is simple, safe and inexpensive, could render more complex medications, vaccinations, and other measures largely obsolete. US doctors have already reported very significant <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eVs_EWVCVPc\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">treatment successes<\/a> with zinc HCQ protocols.<\/p>\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<p><strong>General<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.evms.edu\/media\/evms_public\/departments\/internal_medicine\/EVMS_Critical_Care_COVID-19_Protocol.pdf\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">EVMS Critical Care Covid-19 Management Protocol<\/a> (Paul Marik, MD, June 2020)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Zinc<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Study: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC353050\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effect of Zinc Salts on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication<\/a> (Suara &amp; Crowe, AAC, 2004)<\/li>\n<li>Study:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2973827\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zinc Inhibits Coronavirus and Arterivirus RNA Polymerase Activity <em>In Vitro<\/em> and Zinc Ionophores Block the Replication of These Viruses in Cell Culture<\/a> (Velthuis et al, PLOS Path, 2010)<\/li>\n<li>Study: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001364.pub4\/full\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zinc for the common cold<\/a> (Cochrane Systematic Review, 2013)<\/li>\n<li>Study: <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0109180\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chloroquine Is a Zinc Ionophore<\/a> (Xue et al, PLOS One, 2014)<\/li>\n<li>Study: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.05.02.20080036v1\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin plus zinc vs hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin alone: outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients<\/a> (Carlucci et al., MedRxiv, May 2020)<\/li>\n<li>Review: <span class=\"title-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0306987720306435\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Does zinc supplementation enhance the clinical efficacy of chloroquine\/ hydroxychloroquine to win today\u2019s battle against COVID-19?<\/a> (Derwand &amp; Scholz, MH, 2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Review: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/elena\/titles\/bbc\/zinc_pneumonia_children\/en\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zinc supplementation to improve treatment outcomes among children diagnosed with respiratory infections<\/a> (WHO, Technical Report, 2011)<\/li>\n<li>Article: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mcgill.ca\/oss\/article\/health\/can-zinc-lozenges-help-coronavirus-infections\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Can Zinc Lozenges Help with Coronavirus Infections?<\/a> (McGill, March 2020)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hydroxychloroquine<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Studies: <a href=\"https:\/\/c19study.com\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Overview of more than 60 international HCQ studies<\/a> (C19Study.com)<\/li>\n<li>Study: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1232869\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread<\/a> (Vincent et al., Virology Journal, 2005)<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"title-text\">Study: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2052297520300615\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Clinical Efficacy of Chloroquine derivatives in COVID-19 Infection: Comparative meta-analysis between the Big data and the real world<\/a> (Million et al., <\/span><span class=\"title-text\"><span id=\"sbref0006\" class=\"mixed-citation\">New Microbes and New Infections, June 2020)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Article: <a href=\"https:\/\/medicine.yale.edu\/news-article\/25085\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Using Hydroxychloroquine and Other Drugs to Fight Pandemic<\/a> (Yale School of Medicine)<\/li>\n<li>Article: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moroccoworldnews.com\/2020\/06\/306587\/moroccan-scientist-moroccos-chloroquine-success-reveals-european-failures\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Moroccan Scientist: Morocco\u2019s Chloroquine Success Reveals European Failures<\/a> (Morocco World News, 22 June 2020) Zemmouri believes 78% of Europe\u2019s coronavirus-related deaths could have been avoided if European states had mirrored Morocco\u2019s chloroquine strategy.<\/li>\n<li>Article (IT): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.italiaoggi.it\/news\/covid-nessuno-dei-miei-e-morto-2454154\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Covid, none of my patients are dead, and only 5% had to be hospitalized<\/a> (Italia Oggi, June 2020) Dr. Cavanna treated the affected by the virus by intervening promptly and at home.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Quercetin<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Study: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/jf5014633\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zinc Ionophore Activity of Quercetin and Epigallocatechin-gallate: From Hepa 1-6 Cells to a Liposome Model<\/a> (Dabbagh et al., JAFC, 2014)<\/li>\n<li>Study: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4728566\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Quercetin as an Antiviral Agent Inhibits Influenza A Virus Entry<\/a> (Wu et al, Viruses, 2016)<\/li>\n<li>Study: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01451\/full\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Quercetin and Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Related Disease<\/a> (Biancatelli et al, Front. in Immun., June 2020)<\/li>\n<li>Report: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.evms.edu\/media\/evms_public\/departments\/internal_medicine\/EVMS_Critical_Care_COVID-19_Protocol.pdf\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">EVMS Critical Care Covid-19 Management Protocol<\/a> (Paul Marik, MD, June 2020)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Heparin<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Commentary: <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jth.14821\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The versatile heparin in COVID\u201019<\/a> (Thachil, JTH, April 2020)<\/li>\n<li>Study: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32220112\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Anticoagulant Treatment Is Associated With Decreased Mortality in Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients With Coagulopathy<\/a> (Tang et al, JTH, May 2020)<\/li>\n<li>Study: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/10.7326\/M20-2003\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19<\/a> (Wichmann et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, May 2020)<\/li>\n<li>Article: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medpagetoday.com\/infectiousdisease\/covid19\/85865\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Anticoagulation Guidance Emerging for Severe COVID-19<\/a> (Medpage Today)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>See also:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2020\/06\/facts-about-covid-19\/\" >Facts about Covid-19<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2020\/05\/studies-on-covid-19-lethality\/\" >Studies on the lethality of Covid-19<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>__________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/swiss-policy-research-logo-300.png\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-161314\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/swiss-policy-research-logo-300-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/swiss-policy-research-logo-300-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/swiss-policy-research-logo-300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>Swiss Policy Research<em>, founded in 2016, is an independent, nonpartisan and nonprofit research group investigating geopolitical propaganda in Swiss and international media. SPR is composed of independent academics that<\/em><em> for personal and professional reasons prefer to protect their identities,<\/em><em> and receives no external funding; t<\/em><em>here are no financial sponsors or backers. <\/em><em>Our articles have been published or shared by numerous independent media outlets and journalists, among them <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/swprs.files.wordpress.com\/2018\/01\/assange-tweet.png\" >Julian Assange<\/a>, and have been translated into more than two dozen languages.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Languages: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/swprs.org\/zur-behandlung-von-covid-19\/\" >DE<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/swprs.org\/on-the-treatment-of-covid-19\/\" >EN<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/swprs.org\/on-the-treatment-of-covid-19\/\" >Go to Original &#8211; swprs.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3 Jul 2020 &#8211; Immunological and serological studies show that a large part of the population develops no symptoms or only mild symptoms due to the new coronavirus, while some people may experience a more pronounced or critical course of the disease.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":161314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2236],"tags":[244,271,1879,1829,1868,530,289,744,401,710,1937,1864,1102,723,304,1447,1956,1880,1957,339,124,1836,75],"class_list":["post-164107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid19-coronavirus","tag-china","tag-community","tag-compassion","tag-coronavirus","tag-covid-19","tag-cuba","tag-economy","tag-empathy","tag-environment","tag-health","tag-lockdown","tag-pandemic","tag-public-health","tag-research","tag-science","tag-science-and-medicine","tag-semen","tag-sharing","tag-sperm","tag-trade","tag-united-nations","tag-who","tag-world"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/164107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=164107"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/164107\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/161314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=164107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=164107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=164107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}