{"id":165050,"date":"2020-07-20T12:00:10","date_gmt":"2020-07-20T11:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=165050"},"modified":"2020-07-20T12:49:53","modified_gmt":"2020-07-20T11:49:53","slug":"how-cancel-culture-repeatedly-emerged-in-my-attempt-to-make-a-film-about-tennis-legend-martina-navratilova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2020\/07\/how-cancel-culture-repeatedly-emerged-in-my-attempt-to-make-a-film-about-tennis-legend-martina-navratilova\/","title":{"rendered":"How \u201cCancel Culture\u201d Repeatedly Emerged in My Attempt to Make a Film About Tennis Legend Martina Navratilova"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-reactid=\"197\">\n<div id=\"attachment_165052\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Martina-Navratilova.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-165052\" class=\"size-full wp-image-165052\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Martina-Navratilova.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Martina-Navratilova.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Martina-Navratilova-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-165052\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martina Navratilova &#8211; wn.com<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"197\"><\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"197\">\n<p><em>14 Jul 2020 &#8211; <\/em>Growing up as a gay\u00a0child\u00a0in South Florida in the late 1970s and into the\u00a0dark\u00a01980s era of Reagan and AIDS, my childhood hero was the tennis star Martina Navratilova. In 1975, at the age of 18, Navratilova fled\u00a0Communist\u00a0Czechoslovakia, leaving her entire family behind in a daring escape, to emigrate to the U.S. In the 1980s, she became one of the\u00a0only openly gay celebrities in the world, an LGBT and feminist pioneer, and an outspoken political dissident.I had other childhood heroes: the Pentagon Papers whistleblower Daniel Ellsberg; the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/other\/aclu-history-taking-stand-free-speech-skokie\" >Jewish ACLU lawyers<\/a> who endured endless attacks\u00a0to defend the\u00a0First Amendment free speech rights of neo-Nazis to march through Skokie, Illinois, a town with numerous Holocaust survivors; and Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, whose iconography was seared into my brain by my fixation with \u201cAll the President\u2019s Men,\u201d the book and subsequent film that chronicled their journalistic investigation of Watergate.<\/p>\n<p>But Navratilova occupied a singular pedestal for me. She became one of the world\u2019s most extraordinary and famous sports stars: Sports Illustrated ranked her as 19 on its list of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topendsports.com\/world\/lists\/greatest-all-time\/athletes-espn-century.htm\" >the 20th Century\u2019s Greatest Athletes<\/a>, the second-highest woman behind Babe Zaharias, one spot behind Bill Russell, and one ahead of Ty Cobb. She won the Wimbledon singles crown nine times (Serena Williams has won seven), with her last Grand Slam title earned one month shy of her<em> 50th birthday<\/em>, when she became\u00a0the 2006 U.S. Open Mixed Doubles champion. That was her 59th Grand Slam title, the most ever in tennis history by any player.<\/p>\n<p>Her rivalry with U.S. tennis star Chris Evert in the late 1970s and throughout the \u201980s was one of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/sports\/knapp\/article\/Evert-vs-Navratilova-what-a-rivalry-should-be-2661371.php#ixzz18gVTv7IE\" >greatest sports rivalries of the last century<\/a>, if not <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/Rivals-Martina-Navratilova-Rivalry-Friendship\/dp\/0224075055\" >the single greatest<\/a>. They played 80 times (with Navratilova winning 43), including 14 times in Grand Slam finals (where Navratilova won 10). Their matches \u2014 a dramatic clash in personalities, cultures, branding, and playing styles \u2014 were watched by millions of people around the world on NBC, CBS, the BBC, and other global corporate networks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"VideoEmbed VideoEmbed--size-medium\" data-reactid=\"198\">\n<div class=\"VideoEmbedPlayer VideoEmbedPlayer--youtube\" data-reactid=\"199\">\n<div class=\"VideoEmbedPlayer-container\" data-reactid=\"200\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"widget2\" class=\"VideoEmbedPlayer-player\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aYW0nBsftdM?autoplay=0&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com&amp;widgetid=1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-reactid=\"201\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"202\">\n<p>Though I obsessively watched Navratilova\u2019s matches and lived and died with every point, her sports prowess was perhaps the least\u00a0significant factor for\u00a0her importance to my adolescence. Everything about\u00a0Navratilova was defiant, individualistic, brave, trailblazing, and orthodoxy-busting: in retrospect, she was a classic existential hero, someone who refused to have her life constrained or identity suppressed by societal dictates.<\/p>\n<p>Not only was she openly gay at a time when very few were, but she traveled the world with her then-wife Judy Nelson, sitting her prominently in her player\u2019s box and forcing male sports\u00a0network announcers to awkwardly struggle\u00a0for a vocabulary to describe their relationship when the camera panned to her group of supporters (they usually settled on \u201cMartina\u2019s special friend\u201d or \u201clong-time companion\u201d).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"213\">\n<p>In 1981, Navratilova hired as her coach a transgender woman Dr. Ren\u00e9e Richards \u2014 a former Navy pilot, eye surgeon, and captain of the Yale tennis team \u2014 who had, in the 1970s, successfully sued the Woman\u2019s Tennis Association for the right to complete in professional women\u2019s tournaments. Decades before the world would celebrate or even know about Laverne Cox, Caitlyn Jenner, and Chaz Bono, there, alongside Navratilova\u2019s wife at the planet\u2019s most lucrative corporate televised sporting events was, thanks to Navratilova, one of the only visible trans women in the world. Richards coached Navratilova to two Wimbledon championships.<\/p>\n<p>All of this cost\u00a0Navratilova millions of dollars in commercial endorsements, as her rival, the heterosexual, all-American girl-next-door Chris Evert became America\u2019s sweetheart\u00a0and the lucrative face of corporate America. While already at the top of the game,\u00a0Navratilova made herself even less corporate-friendly by transforming her body into a towering mass of muscles and agility using an intensive training regimen that\u00a0caused male sportswriters and tennis fans to routinely claim that she was not a \u201creal woman\u201d and to insist that it was unfair that\u00a0\u201cChrissie\u201d should have to compete against someone so muscular and powerful. That embittered attitude hardened as\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s body transformation produced greater and greater dominance: from 1982 until 1984, she defeated the once-supreme Evert 12 consecutive times.<\/p>\n<p>But\u00a0Navratilova, for all the booing and jeers and journalistic insults\u00a0she endured, never flinched from her\u00a0pioneering role\u00a0on behalf of female athletes, gay\u00a0equality, and trans visibility. Along with Billie Jean King, she led the way in building a space for women to commercially succeed\u00a0on equal terms with men in the world of professional sports. She transformed\u00a0the conception of what\u00a0female athletes are capable of achieving: Her training regimen and body transformation to this day inspire how female athletes train.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"img-wrap align-bleed large-bleed width-auto\" data-reactid=\"214\">\n<div data-reactid=\"215\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-315333\" src=\"https:\/\/theintercept.imgix.net\/wp-uploads\/sites\/1\/2020\/07\/combine_images-18.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&amp;q=90&amp;w=1024&amp;h=683\" alt=\"combine_images-18\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"caption overlayed\" style=\"text-align: center;\">In this June 30, 1988, file photo, defending champion Martina Navratilova reaches to shake hands with the umpire as a dejected Chris Evert walks off court after their women\u2019s singles semifinal match on the Centre Court at Wimbledon. Navratilova won the match 6-1, 4-6, 7-5.<\/p>\n<p class=\"caption source pullright\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Photo: Robert Dear\/AP<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"216\">\n<p>And added onto all of that social and cultural dissidence was her political outspokenness. Despite being told that her status as an immigrant to the U.S. should make her less willing to criticize the U.S. government \u2014\u00a0<em>after all, look at what this country gave you<\/em>, so this rationale went and still goes \u2014\u00a0Navratilova viewed it the opposite way: She believed that she had come to the U.S. precisely to escape repression and obtain\u00a0liberation, so she refused to be told that she had to suppress her opinions.<\/p>\n<p>Reflecting how she lived her whole life, she was one of the first prominent people to denounce the Bush administration after the 9\/11 attacks for exploiting the terror threats to erode civil liberties, causing\u00a0intense controversy.\u00a0As a result, she was told by CNN\u2019s then-anchor Connie Chung on national television \u2014 in an interview I <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2012\/05\/19\/the_2002_political_climate\/\" >wrote about in 2012<\/a>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0that she should either keep her mouth shut or go back to\u00a0Czechoslovakia: \u201cI can tell you that when I read this, I have to tell you that I thought it was un-American, unpatriotic. I wanted to say, go back to Czechoslovakia. You know, if you don\u2019t like it here, this a country that gave you so much, gave you the freedom to do what you want,\u201d Chung said.<\/p>\n<p>As a preadolescent child and then a teenager who implicitly knew \u2014 without understanding why \u2014 that society had somehow formed a moral judgment that, by virtue of being gay, I was bad and broken, I instinctively identified with\u00a0Navratilova. Memories are still vivid of my father, a Chris Evert fan like most of the men of his generation, routinely making derogatory comments about\u00a0Navratilova and her player\u2019s box, not out of malice, but just channeling the prevailing mores of that era. The scorn he expressed toward her drove me further to secretly adore a woman whose identity and choices were so anathema to what societal\u00a0constraints demanded of her.<\/p>\n<p>Once deep into adulthood, I did not think much about\u00a0Navratilova. But after the Snowden reporting in 2013 elevated my platform as a journalist, she began talking to me on Twitter. (The first tweet she ever sent me was the only time I can ever remember being starstruck in my life, including when I developed a friendship with Ellsberg; after <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Martina\/status\/396202626091851776\" >the first time it happened<\/a>, I called my best friend from childhood with the kind of giddy glee typical of a young teenager who meets their favorite pop idol.) We then began following each other and occasionally speaking via direct message.<\/p>\n<p>My reaction led\u00a0me to revisit the question of why\u00a0Navratilova was so influential, such a\u00a0looming role model for me, through childhood and into my adolescence and even early adulthood. I realized that it went far beyond the mere fact that she was one of the few openly gay celebrities at the time. That my childhood hero was so unlikely \u2014 a lesbian athlete\u00a0who grew up behind\u00a0\u201cthe Iron Curtain\u201d \u2014 led me to think about how we choose our role models, the ability of humans to influence one another across demographic and cultural boundaries, and the power of individuals to transcend societal constraints through some inscrutable force of will and inherent quest for personal freedom.<\/p>\n<p>In 2017, I decided to make\u00a0a feature-length documentary not only about Navratilova\u2019s life, but also her role in my life, devoted to exploring all of these questions. We quickly found a\u00a0partner in Reese Witherspoon, who had\u00a0shortly before\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/01\/27\/business\/media\/reese-witherspoon-producer.html\" >created a new production company called Hello Sunshine<\/a> devoted to telling stories of \u201cstrong, complicated women,\u201d and we then\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/variety.com\/2018\/film\/news\/martina-navratilova-documentary-reese-witherspoon-1202811524\/\" >announced the project<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"219\">\n<p>Two years later, despite the backing of a highly influential Hollywood figure and readily available financing, filming has not begun, and it may never begin. There are many reasons why: My life was\u00a0unexpectedly consumed most of last year by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/0e998ebedbd64f6d868a3fa570ed1f6c\" >extremely contentious\u00a0reporting in Brazil<\/a> on the massive secret archive provided by a source and the extensive fallout from it, including the Bolsonaro government\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/jan\/21\/glenn-greenwald-charged-cybercrime-brazil\" >ongoing attempts<\/a> to imprison me for it; the Covid-19 pandemic then made travel impossible; and\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s political path\u00a0diverged greatly from my own, as she became a hardcore follower of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theoutline.com\/post\/5973\/meet-the-resistance-grifters?zd=1&amp;zi=lk3a5kho\" >deranged Russiagate fanatics<\/a>\u00a0such as Seth Abramson and other unhinged #Resistance charlatans, as well as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Martina\/status\/1235309631582408707\" >an embittered critic<\/a> of Bernie Sanders and ultimately, once the film stalled, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Martina\/status\/1216195786687631360\" >of me<\/a> (which,\u00a0to me, made the film more interesting but also more\u00a0complicated to make).<\/p>\n<p>But the major factor that delayed the film, perhaps permanently, was a series of episodes associated with what is often called \u201ccancel culture.\u201d That is a term I dislike due to its lack of definitional precision and inaccurate connotations that it is something novel \u2014\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ggreenwald\/status\/1282365855628656641\" >it is not<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 but\u00a0it is also\u00a0unavoidable when referencing\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/jul\/13\/cancel-culture-elites-power-social-media-age-online-mobs\" >ongoing debates about \u201cfree discourse.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<p>This is not \u2014 I repeat,\u00a0<em>not<\/em>\u00a0\u2014 an article about how I was victimized by \u201ccancel culture\u201d or how \u201ccancel culture\u201d stopped this film from being made. None of that is true: I have never been victimized or silenced by \u201ccancellation\u201d\u00a0tactics nor is this phenomenon what stalled the film. I still hope to make some version of the documentary.<\/p>\n<p>But others are victimized by it. And in the course of developing the film, several fascinating episodes\u00a0emerged that are reflective, if not a pure manifestation, of what is being called \u201ccancel culture,\u201d involving two\u00a0LGBT women who are both brilliant and pioneering filmmakers\u00a0who used their cinematic talents to radically advance\u00a0trans visibility and equality, as well as\u00a0Navratilova herself. Given the latest outbreak of controversies surrounding this dynamic of \u201ccancel culture,\u201d it seems instructive to describe and assess these episodes.<\/p>\n<p><u>The first step<\/u> after signing our\u00a0development deal with Witherspoon\u2019s company was\u00a0to find a director and, beyond that, someone who would collaborate in shaping all aspects of the film. I immediately knew who I wanted: Kimberly Peirce, who had directed the extraordinary\u00a0and groundbreaking 1999 film \u201cBoys Don\u2019t Cry.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That film was based on the true story of Brandon Teena, a trans boy who was raped and murdered in Nebraska in 1993 just weeks after turning 21. As an unknown filmmaker at the age of 25 or so, Peirce began working on the story in the mid-1990s at a time when there was little-to-no trans visibility, especially in Hollywood and\u00a0particularly for trans men, a concept few back then even knew existed.<\/p>\n<p>Peirce fought for more than three years just to get the film made. It ended up a smashing success:\u00a0produced for less than $2 million, it earned more than $20 million in box office receipts internationally. More remarkably, it earned an Academy Award nomination for the then-unknown Chlo\u00eb Sevigny as Best Supporting Actress, while the relatively obscure\u00a0Hilary Swank was chosen by the Academy over Meryl Streep, Julianne Moore, and Annette Bening as Best Actress for her role as Teena. To play the role, Peirce required the 24-year-old Swank to live as a man for months prior to filming.\u00a0The\u00a0success of \u201cBoys Don\u2019t Cry\u201d made Peirce one of the most sought-after young directors in Hollywood.<\/p>\n<p>Peirce\u2019s success with \u201cBoys Don\u2019t Cry\u201d catapulted the issue of violence against trans people into mainstream discourse. Along with Swank, Peirce spoke about Brandon Teena, gender-based violence, and trans\u00a0identity on \u201cThe Charlie Rose Show\u201d in 1999:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"VideoEmbed VideoEmbed--size-medium\" data-reactid=\"220\">\n<div class=\"VideoEmbedPlayer VideoEmbedPlayer--youtube\" data-reactid=\"221\">\n<div class=\"VideoEmbedPlayer-container\" data-reactid=\"222\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"widget4\" class=\"VideoEmbedPlayer-player\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xXL62x4pQIc?autoplay=0&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com&amp;widgetid=3\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-reactid=\"223\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"224\">\n<p>By coincidence, I knew and was friends with Peirce in high school. We did not go to the same high school, but we were the top debaters for our respective high schools, with an intense rivalry of our own. We\u00a0often met in the finals of statewide tournaments. Despite the rivalry, we developed a close friendship, and it was always clear to me that Peirce, whose brilliance and magnetism was quite obvious even back then, would make a huge mark on the world.<\/p>\n<p>Though we did not continue our friendship after college, and thus had not spoken for more than two decades, there was an intimacy and warmth immediately evident the first time I called about the possibility of directing the film, as though our friendship had never been interrupted. On that initial call, we ended up talking about Navratilova, the film, and life for two hours. That\u00a0Peirce knew me in my teenage years, which the film would\u00a0examine, made it seem as though the universe had brought us together for this project.<\/p>\n<p>As we explored how the film could be made, we also caught up on each other\u2019s lives. Along with my husband, we eventually met and had dinner in San Francisco after I spoke at an animal rights conference. I learned that Peirce had come out as lesbian in her 20s, and as gender fluid after that. Peirce recounted personal explorations of gender, wearing tuxedos to Hollywood awards shows and becoming increasingly comfortable publicly expressing the masculine part of identity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"227\">\n<p>Another thing I learned is what happened to Peirce after being invited in 2016 to speak about \u201cBoys Don\u2019t Cry\u201d at Reed College in Oregon. The speech was to take place after a showing of the film. But almost immediately after\u00a0Peirce tried to begin to speak,\u00a0student protesters\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newnownext.com\/kimberly-peirce-boys-dont-cry-protest\/12\/2016\/\" >rushed the stage and began screaming and hurling insults<\/a> and epithets. Signs had been posted\u00a0aimed at\u00a0Peirce that read: \u201cFuck Your Transphobia,\u201d \u201cYou Don\u2019t Fucking Get It,\u201d and\u00a0\u201cFuck This\u00a0Cis White Bitch.\u201d For more than two hours, screaming students refused to let\u00a0Peirce speak and vowed never to let the\u00a0event\u00a0happen at Reed. Peirce stood accused of transphobia.<\/p>\n<p>How did the gender nonbinary director of one the most groundbreaking films for trans people ever produced by Hollywood become the violent enemy of these trans activists to the point of being deemed\u00a0so irremediably evil that Reed students could not hear the event?\u00a0They accused\u00a0Peirce of being a profiteer off of trans lives and a privileged \u201ccis woman\u201d for having cast another cis woman, Swank, in the role of Teena, rather than a trans male actor.<\/p>\n<p>Peirce tried explaining that, though she wanted to cast a trans male actor and interviewed many, at the time she could not find an openly trans male actor in Hollywood who could carry the film the way Swank was able to; that Peirce was not a cisgender woman but gender fluid; that the condition for Swank being cast was she had to live as a male for months before shooting; and that the Oscar that Swank won over Hollywood\u2019s most acclaimed actresses was proof that she did justice to Teena.<\/p>\n<p>Peirce also echoed what Swank herself said when accepting the Oscar shortly after being embraced by Peirce: that nobody made money off the film and instead did it as an arduous labor of love, knowing the career risks (Swank\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/film\/2001\/jul\/17\/news3\" >total fee for the film was $3,000<\/a>):<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"VideoEmbed VideoEmbed--size-medium\" data-reactid=\"228\">\n<div class=\"VideoEmbedPlayer VideoEmbedPlayer--youtube\" data-reactid=\"229\">\n<div class=\"VideoEmbedPlayer-container\" data-reactid=\"230\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"widget6\" class=\"VideoEmbedPlayer-player\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2zD5L-ja8O0?autoplay=0&amp;rel=0&amp;start=84&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com&amp;widgetid=5\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-reactid=\"231\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"232\">\n<p>But the opportunity to explain any of that was crushed. As\u00a0Columbia professor\u00a0Jack Halberstam \u2014 who is nonbinary\u00a0and\u00a0was assigned female at birth \u2014\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bullybloggers.wordpress.com\/2016\/12\/07\/hiding-the-tears-in-my-eyes-boys-dont-cry-a-legacy-by-jack-halberstam\/\" >detailed<\/a> on his blog covering queer issues on campus, Reed students did everything possible to prevent the event from taking place. \u201cStudent protestors had removed posters from all around campus that advertised the screening and lecture and they formed a protest group and arrived early to the cinema on the night of the screening to hang up posters,\u201d he wrote, adding:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>These posters voiced a range of responses to the film including: \u201cYou don\u2019t fucking get it!\u201d and \u201cFuck Your Transphobia!\u201d as well as \u201cTrans Lives Do Not Equal $$\u201d and to cap it all, the sign hung on the podium read: \u201cFuck this cis white bitch\u201d!! The protestors waited until after the film had screened at Peirce\u2019s request and then entered the auditorium while shouting \u201cFuck your respectability politics\u201d and yelling over her commentary until Peirce left the room. After establishing some ground rules for a discussion, Peirce came back into the room but the conversation again got out of hand and finally a student yelled at Peirce: \u201cFuck you scared bitch.\u201d At which point the protestors filed out and Peirce left campus.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>(At the time we were working together, and again in an email this week, Peirce\u00a0described\u00a0a somewhat less abrupt\u00a0ending to the evening than the ones news accounts depicted: She said she managed to stay in an effort to\u00a0reason with\u00a0the students wanting to hear the speech, and\u00a0as some\u00a0protesters repeatedly interrupted and screamed,\u00a0was able to answer some questions before leaving).<\/p>\n<p>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.indiewire.com\/2016\/12\/kimberly-peirce-boys-dont-cry-reed-transgender-1201757549\/\" >editorial in the entertainment industry publication<\/a> IndieWire about the Reed students\u2019 shutdown of Peirce\u2019s speech mostly\u00a0<em>took the students\u2019 side<\/em>\u00a0even while noting\u00a0that \u201c\u2018Boys Don\u2019t Cry\u2019 became the first film to represent transgender masculinity in a believable way\u201d; that \u201c\u2018Boys Don\u2019t Cry\u2019 is\u00a0a vital\u00a0film, simultaneously joyous and brutal; it was game-changing in its representation of trans existence\u00a0<em>at the time<\/em>\u201c<em>;<\/em>\u00a0and the Reed protests \u201cmay be\u00a0a misguided attack on a respected queer filmmaker and\u00a0vital piece of independent\u00a0film history.\u201d Nonetheless, it announced, \u201cit\u00a0would be irresponsible to dismiss the\u00a0complaints outright\u201d because \u201cthe movie portrays the plight of a transgender man, but it doesn\u2019t feature a transgender performer.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Are debates about whether directors should only cast LGBT actors to play LGBT roles reasonable? I suppose. Personally, I have always viewed acting as a craft where people embody others including those who are unlike them, rather than identical to them. And particularly for the era when \u201cBoys Don\u2019t Cry\u201d was made, the demand that a trans male should have been cast in the starring role deviates from anything resembling reality.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"235\">\n<p>Nonetheless,\u00a0I can certainly see the validity of the argument <em>now<\/em> that trans actors in particular have a dearth of opportunities and thus should be given jobs in film when possible. But to scream at someone and berate them to the point where they\u00a0<em>are barred from speaking to those who want to hear them<\/em>\u00a0because of their inability to cast a trans man in a film\u00a0two decades ago\u00a0is thuggish and authoritarian, and to do so toward someone of Peirce\u2019s profile \u2014 shaped by having taken immense career risks\u00a0to make this film \u2014 is madness of the highest order.<\/p>\n<p>By no means is the\u00a0rageful\u00a0reaction Peirce encountered at Reed\u00a0College representative of sentiments generally toward the film. Just last year, it received one of the highest honors when the Library of Congress <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.columbian.com\/news\/2019\/dec\/11\/library-of-congress-adds-boys-dont-cry-six-other-%EF%AC%81lms-with-female-directors-to-registry\/\" >added it<\/a> to its National Film Registry. And Peirce told me that, in showing the film around the country, this was the only time she had experienced anything like this. But the attack on Peirce on that campus \u2014 one geared not toward critiquing but silencing \u2014 was appalling. As Halberstam wrote, \u201cWe have to pick our enemies very carefully. Spending time and energy protesting the work of an extremely important queer filmmaker is not only wasteful, it is morally bankrupt and misses the true danger of our historical moment.<i>\u201c<\/i><\/p>\n<p>As\u00a0Peirce and I worked over the next few months, it\u00a0became apparent that we had different creative visions for the film: in large part because\u00a0Navratilova occupied a large role in\u00a0Peirce\u2019s own development as a queer teenager and young adult lesbian. So we ended up deciding we would search for a new director.<\/p>\n<p>But learning about what happened \u2014 how\u00a0Peirce\u2019s groundbreaking work\u00a0in \u201cBoys Don\u2019t Cry\u201d has been treated in some precincts as something so unspeakably evil that\u00a0<em>it should not even be heard<\/em>\u00a0\u2014 has stayed with me to this very day. And with my fellow producers, I did spend a nontrivial amount of time discussing how this controversy surrounding Peirce might affect the film we were making, particularly given that it was to include several of the same topics.<\/p>\n<p><u>Our next director<\/u> was as perfectly suited for this film as Peirce was, and we found her with the same type of speed and ease that suggested it was meant to be. A friend who works in the film world, knowing I was searching for a new director, recommended that I watch \u201cProdigal Sons,\u201d the 2008 documentary\u00a0by Kimberly Reed about her first time returning home to Montana, where she grew up and where her family still lived, after becoming a trans woman.<\/p>\n<p>The film was exceptional, defying all my expectations of what it would be. Hearing the summary \u2014 sophisticated trans woman living with her wife in Manhattan goes back to Montana to shock the locals\u00a0with her transition \u2014 I\u00a0expected condescending and smug denunciations of how the primitive conservative\u00a0rubes in Montana reacted with immaturity and bigotry\u00a0upon learning that the blond high school jock \u2014 literally the star quarterback on the football team \u2014 was now a woman. \u201cProdigal Sons\u201d\u00a0was the opposite of that caricature; it was as remarkably moving, humanistic, raw, and honest film that treated its subjects, and its subject, with great respect and therefore constantly subverted expectations.<\/p>\n<p>I knew as soon as I was done watching the film that I wanted Reed to direct my film about\u00a0Navratilova. I flew to New York with my husband and met Reed and her wife and, over dinner, discussed our lives and the film. Everything clicked. Reed is very smart, perceptive, and empathetic. She\u2019s obviously spent immense time thinking about how one transcends societal dictates, and her film was a courageous testament to self-exploration, an overarching theme of the film we had set out to make.<\/p>\n<p>Even her biography was perfectly compatible with me and the film: Like Peirce, Reed was born the same year as I was. Not only did she also admire\u00a0Navratilova in her youth but \u2014 along with being high school quarterback \u2014 she was also captain of her tennis team. And also like Peirce, Reed was a pioneer in using film to inject trans visibility and discussions of trans identity into mainstream precincts. In 2010, Oprah Winfrey watched \u201cProdigal Sons\u201d and was so moved by it that she had Reed on her show, heaped praise on the film, and conducted what for its time was a searingly deep, sensitive, and sophisticated\u00a0discussion of transgender identity:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"VideoEmbed VideoEmbed--size-medium\" data-reactid=\"236\">\n<div class=\"VideoEmbedPlayer VideoEmbedPlayer--youtube\" data-reactid=\"237\">\n<div class=\"VideoEmbedPlayer-container\" data-reactid=\"238\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"widget8\" class=\"VideoEmbedPlayer-player\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GydT5rFej1Y?autoplay=0&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com&amp;widgetid=7\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-reactid=\"239\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"240\">\n<p>A second film Reed made, the 2018 documentary \u201cDark Money,\u201d\u00a0was at least as\u00a0impressive as \u201cProdigal Sons.\u201d Examining how\u00a0nontraceable corporate money corrupts the democratic process \u2014 with a focus on its contamination of Montana politics \u2014 it, too, avoided all banalities and subverted all expectations. Rather than\u00a0casting Democrats and liberals as the helpless victims of GOP dark money \u2014 the standard way this topic is discussed \u2014 Reed focused on how anti-corporate Republicans in her home state are being targeted,\u00a0slandered, and removed from office by murky corporate interests as punishment for any deviation from the corporatist agenda.<\/p>\n<p>The more Reed and I talked, the more we worked together to shape\u00a0what the film would be, the more convinced I became\u00a0that I had found the perfect partner. My excitement about the project reached its peak as we began\u00a0finalizing her\u00a0contract and planning her first trip to Brazil to\u00a0start filming.<\/p>\n<p>But then, in December 2018, everything changed.\u00a0Navratilova had seen photos posted on Twitter of a trans woman who, without undergoing\u00a0sex reassignment surgery, was competing as a professional athlete in women\u2019s sports, specifically cycling.\u00a0This trans woman was not only competing but beginning to win, sometimes in a dominant fashion, even though, in her mid-30s, she was already past the normal prime for cycling competition.\u00a0Navratilova observed that she was vanquishing\u00a0professional female athletes who were cis women and had lived their entire lives, and gone through puberty, as women.<\/p>\n<p>It was unclear exactly what photo\u00a0Navratilova saw, but\u00a0I believe it was the one most frequently used online to\u00a0rile people up into objecting to the participation of trans women in professional sports, particularly preoperative trans women. It was the photo below of cyclist Veronica Ivy, formerly known as Rachel McKinnon. Ivy, in addition to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/12\/05\/opinion\/i-won-a-world-championship-some-people-arent-happy.html\" >becoming a champion women\u2019s cyclist<\/a> after her transition, has also become a vocal proponent of allowing trans women to participate in sports. At the age of 37, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bicycling.com\/news\/a29578581\/rachel-mckinnon-world-championship-masters-win-transgender-sport-debate\/\" >reported the cycle journal Bicycling in 2019<\/a>, \u201cRachel McKinnon dominated the competition at the Masters Track Cycling World Championships in Manchester, England, this past weekend, celebrating her\u00a0second consecutive world title\u00a0and\u00a0world record\u00a0in the 200-meter match sprint.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Looking forward to debating hopefully respectfully with Rachel McKinnon the lady in the middle who believes she has NO physical advantage over her rivals here <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/fairplay4women?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" >#fairplay4women<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/iSaBPFcjty\" >pic.twitter.com\/iSaBPFcjty<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Sharron Davies MBE (@sharrond62) <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sharrond62\/status\/1102676423943376896?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" >March 4, 2019<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"243\">\n<p>On Twitter \u2014 the worst possible place to discuss pretty much anything, but particularly intricate debates relating to trans equality \u2014 Navratilova, after seeing the photo, wondered aloud whether trans women who have not had sex-reassignment surgery and who have lived most of their lives as men should be able to compete in female sports. Do people who are assigned male at birth and go through puberty and develop muscle mass and other secondary characteristics have an unfair advantage no matter how many hormones they take, Navratilova seemed to ponder aloud? (It was asking this same question about the fairness of trans woman in professional sports that, to this day, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UZgtMK0UxlY\" >causes people to label podcaster Joe Rogan an anti-trans bigot<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>What ultimately caused the most controversy was\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s somewhat clumsy focus on the presence of male genitalia in asking this question. A penis and testicles, in and of themselves, do not confer competitive advantages in a cycling race, just as having\u00a0them surgically removed does not constitute an impediment. But for people of\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s generation, being a trans woman by definition entailed undergoing sex-reassignment surgeries to remove male genitalia and replace it with a constructed vagina and breasts \u2014 like her coach and friend Ren\u00e9e Richards did before insisting on the right to compete on the women\u2019s tennis tour.<\/p>\n<p>For activists of that generation, having a penis and being a woman were mutually exclusive, particularly when it came to the right to compete against other women for cash, prizes, and glory. So, for\u00a0Navratilova, there was nothing about Ivy\u2019s participation in professional sports that, at least at first glance, appeared fair or sensible to\u00a0Navratilova,\u00a0notwithstanding the fact that\u00a0Ivy and other trans woman were required to take anywhere between six to\u00a024 months of hormonal treatment before being permitted to compete.<\/p>\n<p>All of this led Navratilova, in a now-deleted tweet heard \u2019round the world, or at least in many volatile Twitter precincts, to wonder aloud: \u201cClearly that can\u2019t be right. You can\u2019t just declare yourself to be a female and be able to compete against women. There must be some standards, and having a penis and competing as a woman would not fit that standard\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"246\">\n<p>It takes little imagination to\u00a0guess what the reaction was to this tweet. The denunciations of\u00a0Navratilova as an anti-trans bigot were instantaneous, swift, and brutal, and they took zero account of her lifetime, pioneering devotion to LGBT equality, including the extensive and sustained sacrifices she made by having a trans woman as a coach decades ago when gay women, to say nothing of trans women, were all but invisible.\u00a0All of that activism and courageous sacrifice for her beliefs\u00a0was all wiped out with a single tweet.<\/p>\n<p>The condemnations were led by\u00a0Ivy herself, who <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SportIsARight\/status\/1075841076571836423\" >proclaimed<\/a>,\u00a0\u201cWelp, guess Navratilova is transphobic.\u201d\u00a0Ivy\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SportIsARight\/status\/1075895497062260742\" >then issued<\/a> her marching orders: \u201cShe could delete the tweets and replace them with an apology.\u201d\u00a0Much of Twitter was\u00a0roiled with accusations that\u00a0Navratilova \u2014 due to a single tweet \u2014 was a bigot and an enemy of the trans movement.<\/p>\n<p>Navratilova herself tried, of course to\u00a0no avail, to ask for\u00a0some understanding and\u00a0generosity for interpreting her earnestly asked question, requesting that her transgression be put into the context of her long life\u2019s work. To\u00a0Ivy,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Martina\/status\/1075913719484424192\" >she wrote<\/a>,\u00a0\u201cBecause it seems to me my decades of speaking out against unfairness and inequality just don\u2019t count with you at all\u2026 so I have had enough of this\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A trans woman activist and former Navy SEAL <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/valor4us\/status\/1077240810444386304\" >weighed in to tell\u00a0Ivy and her allies<\/a>: \u201c<span class=\"css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0\">I\u2019m close friends with <\/span><span class=\"r-18u37iz\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Martina\" class=\"css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-901oao css-16my406 r-1n1174f r-1loqt21 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0\" >@Martina<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0\">&amp; tell you 100% she is NOT transphobic\u2026Might be misinformed on subject as MANY in public\u2026.Not everyone is \u2018phobic\u2019 &amp; hateful if there is disagreement\u00a0<span class=\"r-18u37iz\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/teach?src=hashtag_click\" class=\"css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-901oao css-16my406 r-1n1174f r-1loqt21 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0\" >#teach<\/a>.\u201d This testimonial about\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s character from a trans activist and her pleas to \u201cteach\u201d rather than castigate was, of course, quickly\u00a0swatted away\u00a0as an <em>I-have-a-trans-friend<\/em> triviality.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Not only had\u00a0Navratilova been a proponent of trans rights\u00a0decades ago when few were, particularly those with such a public platform,\u00a0but she\u2019s continued to be a stalwart opponent of anti-trans bigotry. In 2017, she\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Martina\/status\/904922171226693632\" >denounced efforts<\/a>\u00a0to, in her words, \u201cPurge Transgender People From American Life\u201d \u2014 which\u00a0Navratilova called \u201cpathetic\u201d and vowed: \u201cThis will not stand, wrong side of history.\u201d The same year, Navratilova <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mirror.co.uk\/sport\/tennis\/martina-navratilova-labels-margaret-courts-10541031\" >vehemently and quite publicly condemned<\/a>\u00a0fellow tennis legend Margaret Court for bigoted remarks about trans people:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"img-wrap align-center width-fixed\" data-reactid=\"247\">\n<div data-reactid=\"248\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.imgix.net\/wp-uploads\/sites\/1\/2020\/07\/combine_images-23.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&amp;q=90\" ><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-315387\" src=\"https:\/\/theintercept.imgix.net\/wp-uploads\/sites\/1\/2020\/07\/combine_images-23.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&amp;q=90&amp;w=1024&amp;h=825\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"249\">\n<p>If <em>Martina Navratilova<\/em> is the bigoted enemy of\u00a0the cause\u00a0of trans inclusion and equality, who are\u00a0its enlightened allies?<\/p>\n<p>But\u00a0Ivy was in no mood for understanding or context; she was there to castigate, not converse, persuade, or nurture understanding. She contemptuously dismissed\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s plea\u00a0to consider\u00a0her life work as a distraction to the matter at hand, an obvious irrelevancy: \u201cIt doesn\u2019t change the fact that you did something very wrong today, no. Past good deeds don\u2019t give someone a pass today.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"250\">\n<div data-reactid=\"251\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-twitter-extracted-i159487123463350866=\"true\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\"><em><strong>It doesn&#8217;t change the fact that you did something very wrong today, no. Past good deeds don&#8217;t give someone a pass today.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u2014 Her Thighness (@SportIsARight) <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SportIsARight\/status\/1075914420650459136?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" >December 21, 2018<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"252\">\n<p>Navratilova then went into full-blown\u00a0repentance mode. She <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Martina\/status\/1075902272121516033\" >repeatedly apologized for her initial tweet<\/a>. She vowed to delete any tweets that trans people found offensive, insisting that she spoke without having thought the issue through sufficiently and without having been informed. She <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Martina\/status\/1075914777199808512\" >took a vow of silence<\/a>, promising to listen and not speak on the subject again until she could properly inform herself.<\/p>\n<p>But none of that was good enough. Even after deleting the offending tweets and apologizing,\u00a0Navratilova continued to be\u00a0branded\u00a0an\u00a0anti-trans bigot. She was told that she had \u201charmed\u201d trans people and that deleting her tweets and apologizing was not enough. She was not being attacked and denounced, she was told, but merely \u201cheld accountable\u201d by those she had harmed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"253\">\n<div data-reactid=\"254\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-twitter-extracted-i159487123463350866=\"true\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">So you&#8217;re saying that you make a big mistake that harms people like me, people like me hold you accountable, and rather than improving and continuing to fight for us&#8230;you&#8217;re just going to give up? That easily?<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Her Thighness (@SportIsARight) <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SportIsARight\/status\/1075917663115845633?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" >December 21, 2018<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"255\">\n<p>Navratilova, as promised, did not speak again on these issues two months. When she finally did, it caused an explosion in this debate.<\/p>\n<p>On February 17, 2019, in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/the-rules-on-trans-athletes-reward-cheats-and-punish-the-innocent-klsrq6h3x\" >an op-ed in the London Times<\/a>, she published a column recounting that she had promised to study the issue further and, in typical fashion, boldly and fearlessly announced: \u201cWell, I\u2019ve now done that and, if anything, my views have strengthened.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Not only did she\u00a0reaffirm her view that it was unfair for trans women to complete against cis women in professional sports, but now she went further, declaring it a form of \u201ccheating,\u201d particularly when sex-reassignment surgery was not required but instead merely a regimen of hormone treatments that could be reversed at any time. Navratilova wrote:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>To put the argument at its most basic: a man can decide to be female, take hormones if required by whatever sporting organisation is concerned, win everything in sight and perhaps earn a small fortune, and then reverse his decision and go back to making babies if he so desires\u2026.It\u2019s insane and it\u2019s cheating. I am happy to address a transgender woman in whatever form she prefers, but I would not be happy to compete against her. It would not be fair.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>What happened here seems clear.\u00a0Navratilova began by asking an earnest question, one which is on the minds of many people as they watch these profound societal changes but are uninformed about the science and the specific claims invoked to justify these changes. Once she was excoriated without any mercy or understanding, it drove her further into a feeling of alienation from her accusers.<\/p>\n<p>Watching these attacks on\u00a0Navratilova, anti-trans activists in J.K. Rowling\u2019s Britain \u2014 Ground Zero for anti-trans sentiments \u2014 quickly recognized the opportunity to recruit a valuable ally to their cause: a woman who has done as much as anyone in modern history to make it possible for women to compete on an equal commercial footing in professional sports. And thus did\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s manifesto appear in the U.K.\u2019s largest establishment paper. This may not be a rational or noble\u00a0thought process, but it is a human one: It is natural to be repelled by those who\u00a0seem more interested in\u00a0attacking and bashing you and who seem to want to bully you into submission, rather than attempting to persuade you and win you over to their cause with reason and dialogue.<\/p>\n<p>It seems almost certain that\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s old coach and friend, Ren\u00e9e Richards, also played a decisive role in\u00a0her didactic op-ed. After it was published, Richards <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/tennis\/2019\/03\/26\/meet-renee-richards-sports-accidental-transgender-pioneer\/\" >told The Telegraph<\/a> that she agreed with\u00a0Navratilova: \u201cThe notion that one can take hormones and be considered a woman without sex reassignment surgery is nuts in my opinion.\u201d According to The Telegraph,\u00a0Richards\u00a0\u201calso revealed that she would never have competed as a woman if she had transitioned in her 20s rather than 40s because she \u2018would have beaten the women to a pulp.&#8217;\u201d Navratilova <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/martina\/status\/1111004299558039552?lang=en\" >promptly tweeted<\/a> the interview: \u201cMy friend Renee Richards:).\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Above all else, this was a shining monument to how social media coarsens sensitive debates to the point where dialogue and understanding become impossible. The ethos of conflict and destruction \u2014 \u201ccancellation,\u201d if you must \u2014 transforms people from their initial posture of seeking understanding and showing humility into warriors devoted to destroying their critics lest they be destroyed first. Everyone retreats to their militant corners and prepares for battle. Anger (and fear)\u00a0over being mercilessly savaged results in digging\u00a0more adamantly and uncompromisingly into the initial preliminarily held opinion, which then become immovable dogma.<\/p>\n<p>As tribalistic beings, with a strong survival instinct, none of us\u00a0are immune to these degrading effects of the discourse wars that play out in front of screaming virtual audiences and in short snippets of messaging that permit no nuance or compromise. At times, it seems we\u2019ve been thrusted in a gladiator-like battle to the death over our reputations, while screaming fans wait for and then cheer any sign of blood. The last thing one is inclined to do in a gladiator ring is seek communion with one\u2019s opponents or show any humility or vulnerability. And so goes our discourse over the most complex and novel social questions, increasingly confined to\u00a0the uniquely ill-suited venue of social media.<\/p>\n<p>Whatever the exact causes of\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s trajectory, any willingness on the part of mainstream LGBT groups to extend her understanding from her December tweets evaporated upon publication of this February op-ed, as\u00a0she surely knew would happen.\u00a0Navratilova \u2014 the LGBT icon and feminist pioneer in sports \u2014 was\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-47301007\" ><em>expelled\u00a0<\/em>from Athlete Ally<\/a>, a group that advocates for LGBT athletes. In its statement, the group said\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s article was \u201ctransphobic, based on a false understanding of science and data, and perpetuate[s] dangerous myths that lead to the ongoing targeting of trans people through discriminatory laws, hateful stereotypes and disproportionate violence.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">A US-based organisation that campaigns for LGBT sportspeople has cut its links with Martina Navratilova over comments she made about male-to-female transgender athletes. <\/p>\n<p>Full story <br \/>\ud83d\udc49 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/yQqePkilkU\" >https:\/\/t.co\/yQqePkilkU<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/rAD14a9B5O\" >pic.twitter.com\/rAD14a9B5O<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; BBC Sport (@BBCSport) <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BBCSport\/status\/1098107482302377985?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" >February 20, 2019<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-reactid=\"258\">\n<p>Referencing her earlier tweets, the group added:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>This is not the first time we have approached Martina on this topic. In late December, she made deeply troubling comments across her social media channels about the ability for trans athletes to compete in sport. We reached out directly offering to be a resource as she sought further education, and we never heard back.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Other LGBT groups were similarly scathing in their denunciations. \u201cWe\u2019re pretty devastated to discover that Martina Navratilova is transphobic,\u201d TransActualUK <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/transactualuk\/status\/1097020745643900928?lang=en\" >tweeted<\/a>. CNN <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2019\/02\/18\/tennis\/martina-navratilova-trans-women-comments-spt-scli-intl\/index.html?utm_source=twCNN&amp;utm_term=image&amp;utm_content=2019-02-18T14%3A50%3A05&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;fbclid=IwAR2Bs4QqJoY36oELqFjh7l71sCdMDvTj6tWXr8kDGE-giodJIRhKUVxlYXE\" >reported on<\/a> the LGBT \u201cbacklash\u201d against her. Headlines <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2019\/02\/20\/tennis\/martina-navratilova-dropped-lgbt-group-scli-spt-intl\/index.html\" >appeared around the world<\/a>\u00a0trumpeting that\u00a0Navratilova was \u201cexpelled\u201d from an LGBT advocacy group.<\/p>\n<p>I can\u2019t recall many political events that shocked me quite as much as watching Martina Navratilova, of all people, not merely being criticized for her comments \u2014 which would certainly be a reasonable thing to do: Several points from her op-ed also seemed unpersuasive to me \u2014 but scorned, ostracized, and declared to be an unreconstructed bigot, someone unworthy of interaction.\u00a0<em>Martina Navratilova: the outcast, the anti-trans hater, the bigot<\/em>. It still amazes me to see those labels applied to her.<\/p>\n<p><u>Equally disturbed by<\/u> this incident was Kimberly Reed, on the verge of signing on to direct\u00a0my film when all of this happened. After\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s first round of tweets in December, we had discussed\u00a0this episode and Reed, while agreeing with me that they were misguided and uninformed, seemed\u00a0to believe that they came from a place of confusion, not malice.<\/p>\n<p>Even after publication of the op-ed, that generous view of\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s motives\u00a0still seemed to be Reed\u2019s core view of what had happened, but now her concerns were significantly elevated. In particular, Reed worried that any attempt to use the film to explore this rich and complex controversy Navratilova and her critics had just created \u2014 something it was clear we would have to do \u2014 would be rendered impossible by how toxic, closed-off, self-protective, militant, defensive, and entrenched each side\u00a0had become.<\/p>\n<p>Within days of\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s op-ed, Reed called me to say that as a result of these concerns, she was strongly considering dropping out as director of the film. At first this made no sense to me: Even if, I thought and said, you find\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s comments repellent, doesn\u2019t that just make the film more interesting, provide an added layer to explore? After all, we\u2019re not making a hagiography but an honest\u00a0exploration of both\u00a0Navratilova and her effect on my life, in all of its good parts and bad.<\/p>\n<p>But it became clear to me that Reed\u2019s concerns were different than what I originally assumed: She was questioning whether, in light of how ugly the controversy had become, we would be able to have the kind of dialogue and illuminating questioning of\u00a0Navratilova about her new controversy that the integrity of the film demanded we prominently include. My\u00a0persistent attempts to persuade Reed that she did not need to drop out of the project \u2014 driven my belief that she was still the absolute perfect\u00a0collaborator \u2014 caused her to wait a couple of weeks before deciding, to explore whether\u00a0Navratilova would be open to thoughtful dialogue about her recently expressed views and the controversy that erupted around her.<\/p>\n<p>That delay in Reed\u2019s decision enabled us to arrange a meeting between her and\u00a0Navratilova at the Indian Wells tennis tournament in California held annually in March, where\u00a0Navratilova was working as a TV commentator. Reed had dinner with\u00a0Navratilova and her agent, along with the film\u2019s producers, but nothing allayed Reed\u2019s concerns.<\/p>\n<p>If anything, Reed seemed to have come away from that dinner more convinced than ever that she could not direct the film.\u00a0Navratilova, she felt, had become closed off to the prospect of exploring what could have been the fascinating questions prompted by this debate: how civil rights movements evolve; how young radical icons can come to be viewed as conservative or even reactionary as mores shift and as those movement heroes age; and what the relationship is between the cause of gay rights, feminism, and the new dominant strain of trans ideology. After flying home to New York, she called to deliver the bad news: She did not see a way to make the film\u00a0in the way she felt it needed to be made.<\/p>\n<p>For a few days, I still had trouble\u00a0understanding\u00a0her rationale: Why was it necessary to agree with all of\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s views,\u00a0<em>or even like her, <\/em>in order to make this film? It seems to me, somewhat ironically, that all the traits that caused\u00a0Navratilova to be so admirable and inspiring to me in my adolescence \u2014 her fearless refusal to capitulate to societal demands or to prioritize\u00a0social pieties\u00a0over her own self-actualization \u2014 are what drove her into her latest controversy, where I\u00a0personally found\u00a0her position to be questionable at best (I don\u2019t purport to know enough about the science to opine definitively on what protocols are needed for trans women to participate fairly in women\u2019s sports). And I\u00a0still believe that\u00a0Navratilova was motivated by everything except malice and bigotry \u2014 that she was driven primarily by her belief, even if misguided, that her speaking out this way was necessary to protect the integrity of something she spent years of her life helping to build\u00a0and elevate: women\u2019s professional sports.<\/p>\n<p>But the more I talked to the always-thoughtful and introspective Reed, the more I came to understand her thinking. That this discussion had played out on social media \u2014 on Twitter of all places \u2014 had so contaminated and poisoned all sides of the controversy, and that\u00a0Navratilova herself had appeared to be so injured by, so resentful over, the attacks to the point of\u00a0being uninterested in further discourse about it, made a constructive discussion with\u00a0Navratilova as part of the filming extremely unlikely.<\/p>\n<p>The more I tried to persuade her to stay on as director, the clearer it became that my efforts were futile. She was convinced that there was no way to reconcile what would be her artistic mandate as the film\u2019s director\u00a0with the political currents sweeping over\u00a0this new\u00a0Navratilova controversy.\u00a0My respect for Reed had never waned, and\u00a0that respect caused me to stop trying to persuade her and accept her decision to withdraw from the film.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, the controversy also shaped my own thinking about the film. In light of the burning anger among the trans community toward\u00a0Navratilova, it seemed to me that we were left, broadly speaking, with two creative choices, both of which were unpalatable: (1)\u00a0reshape\u00a0the film to include a far greater focus on\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s contemporary controversial comments about trans athletes \u2014 something the original vision never included at all, let alone so prominently \u2014 and to confront her aggressively and critically about her views at the expense of focusing on the inspiring totality of her life, all\u00a0to appease her critics, or (2) make a largely positive film about why\u00a0Navratilova was so inspirational to me and\u00a0millions others of that era who had very few similar role models at the time, and forever be castigated for having glorified someone now widely regarded in\u00a0the trans community and beyond as an anti-trans bigot, a transphobe, someone actively trying to impede the cause of trans equality, someone who \u201charms\u201d and \u201cendangers\u201d trans people. It seemed this controversy and the ugly form it took was destined to drown out what the film was intended to be.<\/p>\n<p>I\u00a0regard\u00a0the loss of Reed as director as deeply unfortunate for the film and, more so, an alarming reflection\u00a0about our culture and our discourse.\u00a0And my own thinking about the film in light of this controversy surrounding\u00a0Navratilova seemed to establish that there was no room for Kimberly Reed, as a pioneering trans woman, to produce\u00a0a nuanced, complex cinematic portrayal of another nuanced, complex LGBT woman pioneer: one that included\u00a0Navratilova\u2019s heresy on this issue but did not fixate on it or allow it to\u00a0suffocate\u00a0everything else that defined her life and who she is. At least, it seemed clear, there was no way in the current climate\u00a0to produce a nuanced\u00a0film\u00a0without spending the rest of\u00a0our lives being treated the way Reed College students treated Kimberly Peirce when she tried to show and talk about her own groundbreaking film.<\/p>\n<p>_____________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/staff\/glenn-greenwald\/\" class=\"Post-contact-link Post-contact-link--name\"  data-reactid=\"276\">Glenn Greenwald &#8211; <\/a><a class=\"Post-contact-link\" href=\"mailto:glenn.greenwald@theintercept.com\" data-reactid=\"277\">glenn.greenwald@\u200btheintercept.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/07\/14\/cancel-culture-martina-navratilova-documentary\/?utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=The%20Intercept%20Newsletter\" >Go to Original &#8211; theintercept.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>14 Jul 2020 &#8211; Growing up as a gay\u00a0child\u00a0in South Florida in the late 1970s and into the\u00a0dark\u00a01980s era of Reagan and AIDS, my childhood hero was the tennis star Martina Navratilova. In 1975, at the age of 18, Navratilova fled\u00a0Communist\u00a0Czechoslovakia, leaving her entire family behind in a daring escape, to emigrate to the U.S. In the 1980s, she became one of the\u00a0only openly gay celebrities in the world, an LGBT and feminist pioneer, and an outspoken political dissident.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":165052,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[181],"tags":[955,1144,2041,2042,593,1146,1683],"class_list":["post-165050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sexualities","tag-celebrities","tag-homosexuality","tag-lesbian","tag-martina-navratilova","tag-sexualities","tag-sports","tag-tennis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=165050"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165050\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/165052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=165050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=165050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=165050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}