{"id":168482,"date":"2020-09-14T12:00:18","date_gmt":"2020-09-14T11:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=168482"},"modified":"2020-09-10T05:52:04","modified_gmt":"2020-09-10T04:52:04","slug":"dengue-breakthrough-after-mosquitoes-laced-with-natural-bacteria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2020\/09\/dengue-breakthrough-after-mosquitoes-laced-with-natural-bacteria\/","title":{"rendered":"Dengue Breakthrough after Mosquitoes Laced with Natural Bacteria"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><em>Infections in Indonesian city plummet after release of mosquitoes injected with Wolbachia bacteria.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_42262\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/dengue-mosquito-a.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-42262\" class=\"wp-image-42262 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/dengue-mosquito-a-300x201.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/dengue-mosquito-a-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/dengue-mosquito-a.jpg 540w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-42262\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aedes aegypti mosquito carrier of dengue.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>27 Aug 2020 &#8211; <\/em>Infecting mosquitoes with a naturally occurring bacteria dramatically reduces their ability to transmit dengue, according to a breakthrough study that could pave the way to eliminating the disease.<\/p>\n<p>Research conducted in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/indonesia\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"auto-linked-tag\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\">Indonesia<\/a>, where dengue is endemic, found that releasing mosquitoes infected with the bacteria Wolbachia into parts of Yogyakarta city reduced the number of dengue infections by 77% compared with untreated areas.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe are really hopeful this will lead to local elimination [of dengue] in Yogyakarta city, and the next stage is to scale up beyond Yogyakarta to other parts of Indonesia,\u201d said Dr Katie Anders, director of impact assessment at the World Mosquito Program, and one of the study\u2019s lead researchers.<\/p>\n<p>The same method is also being applied in other countries where dengue is prevalent, with the aim of eliminating the disease as a public health concern.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"element element-rich-link element--thumbnail element-rich-link--upgraded\" data-component=\"rich-link\" data-link-name=\"rich-link-1 | 1\">\n<div class=\"rich-link tone-news--item rich-link--pillar-news\">\n<div class=\"rich-link__container\">\n<div class=\"rich-link__image-container u-responsive-ratio\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"rich-link__header\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p>During the study, buckets of mosquito eggs infected with Wolbachia were gradually distributed to homes in the city over a period of around six months. In total, about 6 million mosquitoes were released across an area of 13 square kilometres, where they then infected other wild mosquitoes.<\/p>\n<p>Other parts of the city did not receive any infected mosquitoes, with health teams instead continuing the usual disease control methods.<\/p>\n<p>The infected mosquitoes did not behave differently, nor did their population fall, but their capacity to transmit the virus that causes dengue was vastly reduced.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"img-2\" class=\"element element-image img--landscape  fig--narrow-caption fig--has-shares \" data-component=\"image\" data-media-id=\"a64527e08e824316e97c287006bc4f18391b27fd\">\n<div class=\"u-responsive-ratio\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/a64527e08e824316e97c287006bc4f18391b27fd\/0_0_3400_2400\/master\/3400.jpg?width=620&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=4bdf316963944f0c9e84db73fa38ec57 1240w\" media=\"(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"620px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/a64527e08e824316e97c287006bc4f18391b27fd\/0_0_3400_2400\/master\/3400.jpg?width=620&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=52b2c931c72a4f2aa0b0114ab2a5dab3 620w\" media=\"(min-width: 660px)\" sizes=\"620px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/a64527e08e824316e97c287006bc4f18391b27fd\/0_0_3400_2400\/master\/3400.jpg?width=605&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=d3df01c5b8a316ee8991837b5e8cc67c 1210w\" media=\"(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"605px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/a64527e08e824316e97c287006bc4f18391b27fd\/0_0_3400_2400\/master\/3400.jpg?width=605&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=5d17234ad0fa3a5d68ae0a540160c0f9 605w\" media=\"(min-width: 480px)\" sizes=\"605px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/a64527e08e824316e97c287006bc4f18391b27fd\/0_0_3400_2400\/master\/3400.jpg?width=445&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=8f9313d19d5e1667bd496a1358c8a905 890w\" media=\"(min-width: 0px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 0px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"445px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/a64527e08e824316e97c287006bc4f18391b27fd\/0_0_3400_2400\/master\/3400.jpg?width=445&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=dfa69ee00927edcea48dbba676c85da4 445w\" media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" sizes=\"445px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gu-image aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/a64527e08e824316e97c287006bc4f18391b27fd\/0_0_3400_2400\/master\/3400.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=a9d7d64584fef40801ba6da1649c9ae9\" alt=\"A technician releases mosquitoes that are infected with the dengue-blocking bacteria Wolbachia in the Tubiacanga neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.\" \/><\/picture><strong>A technician releases mosquitoes that are infected with the dengue-blocking bacteria Wolbachia in the Tubiacanga neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. <\/strong><strong> Photograph: Silvia Izquierdo\/AP<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>It\u2019s not known why Wolbachia \u2013 which researchers micro-injected into mosquito eggs \u2013 inhibits the transmission of dengue, said Anders. It might be that the bacteria and virus are competing inside the mosquito for resources needed to replicate. \u201cBy having bacteria there it might prevent the virus from growing, and or [the bacteria] might elicit an immune response in the mosquito that\u2019s protective against the virus.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The study supports previous findings from non-randomised studies in Yogyakarta and northern Queensland. It is an important milestone, said Anders, because it provides \u201cdefinitive evidence from a gold standard trial that where we have Wolbachia established, we are seeing dramatically less dengue\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The findings provide fresh hope in the battle against dengue, which has grown in prevalence over recent decades, spreading to previously unaffected countries, and causing larger outbreaks in areas where it is already endemic. The World Health Organization recorded 4.2 million cases in 2019. There is no specific treatment for dengue.<\/p>\n<p>While the rise in case numbers is partly due to better reporting practices, some have warned <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development-professionals-network\/humanity-united-partner-zone\/2019\/dec\/01\/global-heating-driving-spread-dengue-fever-asia-americas\" class=\"u-underline\"  data-link-name=\"in body link\">global heating is fuelling its spread<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is also to do with urbanisation and high-density population because this mosquito [Aedes aegypti, the main vector for dengue] likes to live in urban environments close to people,\u201d said Anders.<\/p>\n<p>The movement of people between countries has also allowed the introduction of each of the four dengue virus strains into new areas, she added.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"img-3\" class=\"element element-image img--landscape  fig--narrow-caption fig--has-shares \" data-component=\"image\" data-media-id=\"def42dba2a6ddc958319ef69123e1a0c7f70eed0\">\n<div class=\"u-responsive-ratio\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def42dba2a6ddc958319ef69123e1a0c7f70eed0\/0_438_4592_2756\/master\/4592.jpg?width=620&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=a85ce0898257139e983629b53b69bb42 1240w\" media=\"(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"620px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def42dba2a6ddc958319ef69123e1a0c7f70eed0\/0_438_4592_2756\/master\/4592.jpg?width=620&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=73ffc104249214e41eef57c76446508a 620w\" media=\"(min-width: 660px)\" sizes=\"620px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def42dba2a6ddc958319ef69123e1a0c7f70eed0\/0_438_4592_2756\/master\/4592.jpg?width=605&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=7a362b207fef65ca352a4f0055356fec 1210w\" media=\"(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"605px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def42dba2a6ddc958319ef69123e1a0c7f70eed0\/0_438_4592_2756\/master\/4592.jpg?width=605&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=65df0c8bee6d8c325a36730ae9a15d37 605w\" media=\"(min-width: 480px)\" sizes=\"605px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def42dba2a6ddc958319ef69123e1a0c7f70eed0\/0_438_4592_2756\/master\/4592.jpg?width=445&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=e53989e6849b31fb2bcb63b8e86008d3 890w\" media=\"(min-width: 0px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 0px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"445px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def42dba2a6ddc958319ef69123e1a0c7f70eed0\/0_438_4592_2756\/master\/4592.jpg?width=445&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=1b9a9f2d58156d26e8f0c7c3c3f673b9 445w\" media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" sizes=\"445px\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gu-image aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/def42dba2a6ddc958319ef69123e1a0c7f70eed0\/0_438_4592_2756\/master\/4592.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=660872efdc49d3c21e0c90ff9d1f8238\" alt=\"A worker sprays anti-mosquito fog in an attempt to control dengue fever in Jakarta, Indonesia.\" \/><\/picture><strong>A worker sprays anti-mosquito fog in an attempt to control dengue fever in Jakarta, Indonesia. Photograph: Achmad Ibrahim\/AP<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Indonesia has 7 million dengue cases a year, said Professor Adi Utarini from Universitas Gadjah Mada, which partnered with the World Mosquito Program. The study, she said, showed \u201cthe significant impact the Wolbachia method can have in reducing dengue in urban populations\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The same method was previously applied in parts of northern Queensland, where dengue has now been eliminated as a public health concern, with no outbreaks recorded for the past five years.<\/p>\n<p>Nicholas Jewell, professor of biostatistics and epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the trial\u2019s independent statistician, described the results as compelling. \u201cDoubly exciting is that the trial design used here provides a template that other candidate health interventions can follow,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>It is believed the presence of the Wolbachia bacteria also prevents the spread of other viruses such as chikungunya and zika \u2013 though such diseases were not prevalent enough in Yogyakarta for researchers to test this in the study.<\/p>\n<p>Detailed results of the trial, which was completed across an area with a population of 312,000, will be presented at an international scientific congress in November.<\/p>\n<p>___________________________________________<\/p>\n<div class=\"index-page-header__description\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Rebecca Ratcliffe is the <\/em>Guardian<em>&#8216;s south-east Asia correspondent.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2020\/aug\/27\/dengue-breakthrough-after-mosquitoes-laced-with-natural-bacteria?utm_term=a902a4944e7bd1ccf14c3247de5e4dda&amp;utm_campaign=GlobalDispatch&amp;utm_source=esp&amp;utm_medium=Email&amp;CMP=globaldispatch_email\" >Go to Original &#8211; theguardian.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>27 Aug 2020 &#8211; Infecting mosquitoes with a naturally occurring bacteria dramatically reduces their ability to transmit dengue, according to a breakthrough study that could pave the way to eliminating the disease.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":76675,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[2150,401,273,710,1102,1447,380],"class_list":["post-168482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-dengue","tag-environment","tag-healing","tag-health","tag-public-health","tag-science-and-medicine","tag-solutions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=168482"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168482\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/76675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=168482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=168482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=168482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}