{"id":170276,"date":"2020-10-12T12:00:38","date_gmt":"2020-10-12T11:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=170276"},"modified":"2020-10-10T09:58:34","modified_gmt":"2020-10-10T08:58:34","slug":"the-plot-against-gretchen-whitmer-shows-the-danger-of-private-militias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2020\/10\/the-plot-against-gretchen-whitmer-shows-the-danger-of-private-militias\/","title":{"rendered":"The Plot Against Gretchen Whitmer Shows the Danger of Private Militias"},"content":{"rendered":"<p id=\"article-summary\" class=\"css-1smgwul e1wiw3jv0\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>These groups have no constitutional right to exist.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_170277\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/armed-militia-usa.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-170277\" class=\"wp-image-170277\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/armed-militia-usa.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-170277\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A gathering in Louisville, Ky., in September. Bryan Woolston\/Reuters<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\"><em>8 Oct 2020 &#8211; <\/em>In the swirls of disinformation that now pollute our political discourse, one is particularly dangerous: that private militias are constitutionally protected.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Although these vigilante groups often cite the Second Amendment\u2019s mention of a \u201cwell regulated militia\u201d for their authority, history and Supreme Court precedent make clear that the phrase was not intended to \u2014 and does not \u2014 authorize private militias outside of government control.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Indeed, these armed groups have no authority to call themselves forth into militia service; the Second Amendment does not protect such activity; and all <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/icap\/our-work\/addressing-the-rise-of-unlawful-private-paramilitaries\/state-fact-sheets\/\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50 states <\/a>prohibit it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">The danger of these groups was brought home on Thursday with the announcement that the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/08\/us\/gretchen-whitmer-michigan-militia.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >F.B.I. had thwarted a plot <\/a>by people associated with an extremist group in Michigan to kidnap Gov. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/09\/us\/michigan-militia-whitmer.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >Gretchen Whitmer<\/a> and overthrow the government.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Court documents say that the group discussed trying the governor for treason and murdering \u201ctyrants.\u201d Six men now face federal kidnapping conspiracy charges, but unauthorized militia activity continues in Michigan and elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">The unnamed militia involved in the kidnapping plot is part of a growing number of private paramilitary groups mobilizing across the country, wholly outside of lawful authority or governmental accountability. These organizations \u2014 some of which openly refer to themselves as \u201cmilitias,\u201d while others reject the term \u2014 often train together in the use of firearms and other paramilitary techniques and \u201cdeploy,\u201d heavily armed and sometimes in full military gear, when they deem it necessary.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Sometimes they want to fight against the perceived tyranny of the states, as when they <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/05\/01\/us\/michigan-protests-capitol-virus-armed.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >stormed the Capitol<\/a> in Lansing, Mich., this spring to demand the end of the governor\u2019s pandemic shutdown order, egged on by President Trump\u2019s tweets to \u201cLIBERATE MICHIGAN!\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord3\/08McCord3-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord3\/08McCord3-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-nvxo42 e73j0it0\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<figure class=\"css-l1xy1k e1g7ppur0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"media\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\">\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\">\n<div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord3\/08McCord3-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord3\/08McCord3-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1l6g02d ewdxa0s0\"><strong><span class=\"css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Armed demonstrators outside the Michigan Capitol in May protesting stay-at-home orders. <\/span><span class=\"css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit&#8230;<\/span>Scott Olson\/Getty Images<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"css-l1xy1k e1g7ppur0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"media\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\">\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\">\n<div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08Mccord2\/merlin_177458493_128fcd56-d04c-4c9d-9994-cd2f2becf721-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08Mccord2\/merlin_177458493_128fcd56-d04c-4c9d-9994-cd2f2becf721-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08Mccord2\/merlin_177458493_128fcd56-d04c-4c9d-9994-cd2f2becf721-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1l6g02d ewdxa0s0\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<div id=\"attachment_170281\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/armed-militia-usa-1.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-170281\" class=\"wp-image-170281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/armed-militia-usa-1-1024x682.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/armed-militia-usa-1-1024x682.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/armed-militia-usa-1-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/armed-militia-usa-1-768x511.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/armed-militia-usa-1-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/armed-militia-usa-1.jpeg 1765w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-170281\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kyle Rittenhouse, left, was charged with shooting three Black Lives Matter protesters in Kenosha, Wis., killing two and injuring one.<br \/>Credit&#8230;Adam Rogan\/The Journal Times, via Associated Press<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Sometimes they want to usurp the functions of law enforcement, as they\u2019ve done in Kenosha, Wis., and elsewhere, purporting to \u201cprotect\u201d property during racial justice protests, often in response to false rumors about leftist violence, rumors stoked by the president\u2019s calls to designate \u201cantifa\u201d as a terrorist organization.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">More alarmingly, some of them are planning their own poll-watching operations and are openly training in preparation for the post-election period.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Whatever their stated purpose, their conduct is unlawful and not constitutionally protected. Even before the adoption of the Constitution, the colonies recognized the importance of a \u201cwell regulated\u201d militia to defend the state, in preference over standing armies, which they perceived as a threat to liberty. The militia consisted of able-bodied residents between certain ages who had a duty to respond when called forth by the government.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">But \u201cwell regulated\u201d meant that the militias were trained, armed and controlled by the state. Indeed, 48 states have provisions in their constitutions that explicitly require the militia to be strictly subordinate to the civil authority.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Likewise, state constitutions and laws then and now generally name the governor as the commander in chief of its armed forces \u2014 and only the governor or a designee has the power to call forth the able-bodied residents for militia service.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Emerging from the American Revolution, the founders reasonably were wary of insurgencies that could threaten the stability of the new Union. <a href=\"https:\/\/constitutioncenter.org\/blog\/on-this-day-shays-rebellion-starts-in-massachusetts\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shays\u2019 Rebellion<\/a> and other early armed uprisings against the states only solidified those fears. Thus, the \u201cwell regulated militia\u201d in the Constitution\u2019s Second Amendment refers to the militia that were once called forth by <em class=\"css-2fg4z9 e1gzwzxm0\">the government<\/em>, not by private vigilante organizations deciding when and under what circumstances to organize and self-deploy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">The federal and state government control of the militia has also been confirmed by the Supreme Court. In 1886, the court upheld the constitutionality of a state criminal law that made it unlawful for \u201cany body of men\u201d outside state or federal governmental authority to \u201cassociate themselves together as a military company or organization, or to drill or parade with arms in any city or town of the state.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">This criminal statute and others were enacted after the Civil War and are on the books of 29 states. The Supreme Court said without question that states had authority to control and regulate military bodies and associations as \u201cnecessary to the public peace, safety and good order.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">The court\u2019s 1886 decision was reaffirmed in 2008 in Justice Antonin Scalia\u2019s majority opinion in District of Columbia v. Heller. That case established that the Second Amendment protects an individual right to bear arms for self-defense, but \u201cdoes not prevent the prohibition of private paramilitary organizations.\u201d Although there are many gray areas about Second Amendment rights, this is not one of them.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Which brings us back to the authority of the states. In addition to state constitutional and statutory schemes by which only the governor may activate \u201cable-bodied\u201d residents for militia service, other laws also forbid paramilitary activity and the usurpation of law enforcement and peacekeeping authority.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Twenty-five states prohibit teaching or demonstrating how to use of firearms or \u201ctechniques\u201d capable of causing injury or death in order to further civil disorder. Eighteen states prohibit either the false assumption of the duties of public officials, including law-enforcement officials, or the wearing of uniforms similar to military uniforms.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">All these laws point to a single conclusion: There is no right in any state for groups of individuals to arm themselves and organize either to oppose or augment the government.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Now, more than ever, state and local officials must enforce these statutes. In battleground states like Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin, as well as in hotbeds of militia activity like Oregon, Idaho, Virginia and Texas, they must ready themselves for unlawful private militias showing up at the polls and on the streets during ballot counting and beyond.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Those groups, like the Three Percenters, Oath Keepers and others that claim to be \u201cpatriots\u201d but answer to their own interpretation of the Constitution, are likely to hear the president\u2019s unsupported claims about election fraud as their license to deploy to the polls to \u201cprotect\u201d or \u201cpatrol\u201d the vote.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1m67pp0 ehw59r12\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<div class=\"css-tux0zj ehw59r13\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-overlay\">\n<div class=\"css-81ltry ehw59r11\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-captionblock\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-h8z4hx ehw59r14\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord4\/08McCord4-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord4\/08McCord4-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord4\/08McCord4-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><\/picture><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord4\/08McCord4-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord4\/08McCord4-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord4\/08McCord4-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord4\/08McCord4-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord4\/08McCord4-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord4\/08McCord4-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/08McCord4\/08McCord4-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"A member of the Oath Keepers in Oregon.\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"meteredContent css-1r7ky0e\">\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1a48zt4 ehw59r15\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure class=\"css-jcw7oy e1g7ppur0\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"media\"><figcaption class=\"css-1l44abu ewdxa0s0\"><strong><span class=\"css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0\" aria-hidden=\"true\">A member of the Oath Keepers in Oregon.<\/span><span class=\"css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit&#8230;<\/span>Jim Urquhart\/Reuters<\/span><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">Their armed presence not only would violate state anti-paramilitary laws, it would likely violate laws against voter intimidation as well. State attorneys general, secretaries of state, local prosecutors, law enforcement officers and election workers must know about these laws and be prepared to enforce them. They should announce this in advance and consider taking pre-emptive action through attorney general legal opinions, cease and desist orders, and prosecutions or civil litigation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">These efforts must continue after the election, when the threat of civil unrest could be at its greatest. State and local leaders, in both parties, must denounce armed militia activity, whether from the right or the left.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-158dogj evys1bk0\">These leaders may also have to take swift action to protect public safety and preserve constitutional rights. But the law is on their side \u2014 private armed militias find no support in the U.S. or state constitutions or in American history. They must not be tolerated in our society.<\/p>\n<p>_______________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-pncxxs etfikam0\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Mary B. McCord, legal director for Georgetown Law\u2019s Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection and a visiting professor, was the acting assistant attorney general for national security at the Department of Justice from 2016 to 2017.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"css-6n7j50\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/08\/opinion\/militias-gretchen-whitmer.html\" >Go to Original &#8211; nytimes.com<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>8 Oct 2020 &#8211; In the swirls of disinformation that now pollute our political discourse, one is particularly dangerous: that private militias are constitutionally protected. These groups have no constitutional right to exist.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":170277,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[867,725,70],"class_list":["post-170276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anglo-america","tag-anglo-america","tag-culture-of-violence","tag-usa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=170276"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170276\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/170277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=170276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=170276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=170276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}