{"id":175653,"date":"2020-12-28T12:01:16","date_gmt":"2020-12-28T12:01:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=175653"},"modified":"2020-12-28T09:41:08","modified_gmt":"2020-12-28T09:41:08","slug":"i-am-guilty-of-violating-the-espionage-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2020\/12\/i-am-guilty-of-violating-the-espionage-act\/","title":{"rendered":"I Am Guilty of Violating the Espionage Act"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<p id=\"article-summary\" class=\"css-w6ymp8 e1wiw3jv0\"><em>The Justice Department is setting a dangerous precedent that threatens reporters \u2014 and the truth. Journalism is not a crime!<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_42659\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/poitras_snowden_ap_ss_img.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-42659\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-42659\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/poitras_snowden_ap_ss_img-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/poitras_snowden_ap_ss_img-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/poitras_snowden_ap_ss_img.jpg 615w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-42659\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Poitras: AP Images<br \/>Edward Snowden: Courtesy, The Guardian<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\"><em>21 Dec 2020 &#8211; <\/em>I am guilty of violating the Espionage Act, Title 18, U.S. Code Sections 793 and 798. If charged and convicted, I could spend the rest of my life in prison.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">This is not a hypothetical. Right now, the United States government is prosecuting a publisher under the Espionage Act. The case could set a precedent that would put me and countless other journalists in danger.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">I confess that I \u2014 alongside journalists at <em>The Guardian, The Washington Post<\/em> and other news organizations \u2014 reported on and published highly classified documents from the National Security Agency provided by the whistle-blower Edward Snowden, revealing the government\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/09\/05\/us\/politics\/court-approves-warrantless-surveillance-rules-while-scolding-fbi.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >global mass surveillance programs<\/a>. This reporting was widely recognized as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pulitzer.org\/winners\/guardian-us\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public service<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?path=\/prelim@title18\/part1\/chapter37&amp;edition=prelim\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Espionage Act<\/a> defines the unauthorized possession or publication of \u201cnational defense\u201d or classified information as a felony. The law was originally enacted during World War I to prosecute \u201cspies and saboteurs.\u201d It does not allow for a public interest defense, which means a jury is barred from taking into account the difference between a whistle-blower exposing government crimes to the press, and a spy selling state secrets to a foreign government.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Before Sept. 11, 2001, the Espionage Act was rarely used in the context of journalism. The most notable exception is the case of Daniel Ellsberg, who in 1971 was charged with violating the Espionage Act for providing news organizations, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pulitzer.org\/winners\/new-york-times-1\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Times<\/a>, with the Pentagon Papers. The charges against Mr. Ellsberg were dropped when the illegal methods of the government\u2019s evidence gathering \u2014 breaking into his psychiatrist\u2019s office and warrantless wiretapping \u2014 were exposed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">All this changed after Sept. 11, when the Espionage Act became a tool of the government to selectively prosecute sources and whistle-blowers, and to intimidate journalists and news organizations seeking to publish reports that the government wanted to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/11\/10\/public-editor\/sullivan-lessons-in-a-surveillance-drama-redux.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >suppress<\/a>. During Barack Obama\u2019s presidency alone, the Justice Department prosecuted eight journalism-related Espionage Act cases against sources, more leak prosecutions than all previous administrations combined.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-1q1hscp\" data-test-id=\"RecommendedNewsletter\">\n<div class=\"css-1xk4eoy\">\n<div id=\"NK\">One of the most <a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2015\/02\/18\/destroyed-by-the-espionage-act\/\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">alarming<\/a> abuses of the Espionage Act under President Obama was the case of Stephen Kim, a State Department analyst who in 2010 was indicted under the law for disclosing classified information to the Fox News journalist James Rosen. In the Justice Department\u2019s search warrant, Mr. Rosen is described as a possible \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/702199-d-o-j-versus-james-rosen.html#document\/p4\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">co-conspirator<\/a>.\u201d Mr. Rosen was ultimately not charged, but tragically Mr. Kim pleaded guilty to one count of violating the Espionage Act and served 10 months in prison. (I co-produced <a href=\"https:\/\/fieldofvision.org\/the-surrender-the-release\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a film<\/a> about the case.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"meteredContent css-1r7ky0e\">\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Despite this escalation of prosecuting whistle-blowers and sources, the government had never crossed the line to charging journalists or publishers for receiving or releasing classified information \u2014 until last year.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/assange-journalist.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-171300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/assange-journalist.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/assange-journalist.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/assange-journalist-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>That was when the Justice Department indicted Julian Assange, the founder and publisher of WikiLeaks, with 17 counts of violating the Espionage Act, on top of one earlier count of conspiring to violate the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The charges against Mr. Assange date back a decade, to when WikiLeaks, in collaboration with The Guardian, The New York Times, Der Spiegel and others, published <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.nytimes.com\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/world\/war-logs.html?_r=0\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >the Iraq and Afghanistan war logs<\/a>, and subsequently partnered with The Guardian to publish <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/the-us-embassy-cables\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">State Department cables<\/a>. The indictment describes many activities conducted by news organizations every day, including obtaining and publishing true information of public interest, communication between a publisher and a source, and using encryption tools.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">I made a film about Mr. Assange and WikiLeaks called \u201cRisk.\u201d I filmed Mr. Assange for many years, and as the film shows, we had <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/wikileaks-documentary-makers-accuse-assange-censorship-626613\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">serious<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vanityfair.com\/news\/politics\/2014\/05\/julian-assange-glenn-greenwald-nsa-afghanistan\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">disagreements<\/a>. There are many reasons to be critical of Mr. Assange, and I have not shied away from them. But we should be clear about what he is being prosecuted for and the stakes for press freedom.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">WikiLeaks\u2019 publications exposed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/video\/multimedia\/1248069533084\/collateral-murder.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >war crimes<\/a>, revealed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/oct\/22\/true-civilian-body-count-iraq\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously undisclosed civilian deaths<\/a> in American-occupied Iraq, detailed government corruption in Tunisia on the eve of the Arab Spring, and generated <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/10\/23\/world\/middleeast\/23intro.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >countless<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/07\/wikileaks-tunisia-first-lady\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">other<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/dec\/01\/wikileaks-cables-cluster-bombs-britain\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reports<\/a> that dominated the front pages of newspapers around the world throughout 2010 and 2011.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">WikiLeaks was responsible for the most unvarnished reporting on American occupations and foreign policy since the start of the \u201cwar on terror,\u201d and helped to shift the public consciousness.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">None of the architects of the \u201cwar on terror,\u201d including the C.I.A.\u2019s torture programs, have been brought to justice. In contrast, Mr. Assange is facing a possible sentence of up to 175 years in prison.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">He is detained at Belmarsh, a high-security prison in London, recently under lockdown because of a coronavirus outbreak, and fighting extradition to the United States. A British judge is expected to rule on his extradition on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/uk-britain-assange\/uk-judge-to-give-assanges-u-s-extradition-verdict-early-next-year-idUSKBN26M6QO\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jan. 4<\/a>. On Wednesday, 15 members of Britain\u2019s Parliament <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/RichardBurgon\/status\/1339620497420673027\/photo\/2\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued a letter<\/a> to the secretary of state requesting to meet with Mr. Assange ahead of the extradition decision, citing concerns of press freedom.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">I have experienced the chilling effect of the Espionage Act. When I was in contact with Mr. Snowden, then an anonymous whistle-blower, I spoke to one of the best First Amendment lawyers in the country. His response was unnerving. He read the Espionage Act out loud and said it had never been used against a journalist, but there is always a first time. He added that I would be a good candidate because I am a documentary filmmaker without the backing of a news organization.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">It is impossible to overstate the dangerous precedent Mr. Assange\u2019s indictment under the Espionage Act and possible extradition sets: Every national security journalist who reports on classified information now faces possible Espionage Act charges. It paves the way for the United States government to indict other international journalists and publishers. And it normalizes other countries\u2019 prosecution of journalists from the United States as spies.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">To reverse this dangerous precedent, the Justice Department should immediately drop these charges and the president should pardon Mr. Assange.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Since Sept. 11, this country has witnessed an escalating criminalization of whistle-blowing and journalism. If Mr. Assange\u2019s case is allowed to go forward, he will be the first, but not the last. If President-elect Joe Biden wants to restore the \u201csoul of America,\u201d he should begin with unequivocally safeguarding press freedoms under the First Amendment, and push Congress to overturn the Espionage Act.<\/p>\n<p>_____________________________________________________<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Laura-Poitras.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-63720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Laura-Poitras-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"67\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Laura-Poitras-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Laura-Poitras.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Laura Poitras is a filmmaker and journalist who has reported extensively on national security issues. She shared a Pulitzer Prize for public service with<\/em> The Guardian<em> and <\/em>The Washington Post<em> for her reporting on the N.S.A.\u2019s mass surveillance program, is a founding board member of the <a href=\"https:\/\/freedom.press\/\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Freedom of the Press Foundation,<\/a> and directed the film CITIZENFOUR<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"css-pncxxs etfikam0\"><em>A version of this article appears in print on <span class=\"css-1dmwf73\" data-testid=\"todays-date\">Dec. 22, 2020<\/span>, Section A, Page 25 of the New York edition with the headline: Journalism Is Not a Crime.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/12\/21\/opinion\/laura-poitras-assange-espionage-act.html\" >Go to Original &#8211; nytimes.com<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>21 Dec 2020 &#8211; The Justice Department is setting a dangerous precedent that threatens reporters \u2014 and the truth. Journalism is not a crime!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":63720,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[867,1452,651,2270,1724,70,921],"class_list":["post-175653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anglo-america","tag-anglo-america","tag-edward-snowden","tag-justice","tag-laura-poitras","tag-nsa","tag-usa","tag-whistleblowing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175653","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=175653"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175653\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=175653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=175653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=175653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}