{"id":191429,"date":"2021-08-09T12:00:59","date_gmt":"2021-08-09T11:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=191429"},"modified":"2025-01-10T15:08:36","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T15:08:36","slug":"investigation-how-the-meat-industry-is-climate-washing-its-polluting-business-model","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2021\/08\/investigation-how-the-meat-industry-is-climate-washing-its-polluting-business-model\/","title":{"rendered":"Investigation: How the Meat Industry Is Climate-Washing Its Polluting Business Model"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>18 Jul 2021 &#8211; <em>Growing global meat consumption threatens to derail the Paris Agreement, but that hasn\u2019t stopped the meat industry insisting it is part of the solution to climate change.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_191423\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/meat-industry-cattle-cows-environ2.webp\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-191423\" class=\"wp-image-191423\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/meat-industry-cattle-cows-environ2.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/meat-industry-cattle-cows-environ2.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/meat-industry-cattle-cows-environ2-300x241.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/meat-industry-cattle-cows-environ2-768x617.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-191423\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a9 Peter Reynolds<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In February last year, the head of a leading global meat industry body gave a \u201cpep talk\u201d to his colleagues at an Australian agriculture conference.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s a recurring theme that somehow the livestock sector and eating meat is detrimental to the environment, that it is a serious negative in terms of the climate change discussions,\u201d Hsin Huang, Secretary General of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/agribusiness-database-international-meat-secretariat\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">International Meat Secretariat (IMS)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fCJJI06TF3Q&amp;t=1s\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">told<\/a> his audience. But the sector, he insisted, could be the \u201cheroes in this discussion\u201d if it wanted to.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe cannot continue business as we have done in the past,\u201d he went on. \u201cIf we are not proactive in helping to convince the public and policymakers in particular, who have an impact on our activities \u2013 if we are not successful in convincing them of the benefits that we bring to the table, then we will be relegated to has-beens.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Huang\u2019s speech points to an industry nervous about its role in a carbon-constrained future. In the face of mounting evidence of the livestock industry\u2019s climate impacts and a growing array of meat alternatives, the sector has developed a multi-pronged PR strategy that seeks to legitimise not only the industry\u2019s current activities but also its plans to scale up production \u2014 despite <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/in-depth-qa-the-ipccs-special-report-on-climate-change-and-land\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">clear warnings<\/a> from scientists that this could scupper efforts to meet climate targets.<\/p>\n<p>DeSmog conducted a five-month investigation into the meat industry\u2019s PR and lobbying, reviewing hundreds of documents and statements by companies and trade associations. Our research shows how the industry seeks to portray itself as a climate leader by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Downplaying the impact of livestock farming on the climate;<\/li>\n<li>Casting doubt on the efficacy of alternatives to meat to combat climate change;<\/li>\n<li>Promoting the health benefits of meat while overlooking the industry\u2019s environmental footprint;<\/li>\n<li>Exaggerating the potential of agricultural innovations to reduce the livestock industry\u2019s ecological impact.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>This article was published alongside new additions to <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/desmog.co.uk\/agribusiness-database\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>DeSmog\u2019s Agribusiness Database<\/em><\/a><em>, where you can find a record of companies and organisations\u2019 current messaging on climate change, lobbying around climate action, and histories of climate science denial.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"h-the-climate-impact-of-meat\">The Climate Impact of Meat<\/h2>\n<p>Today\u2019s meat industry is dominated by a few multinational giants, including <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/agribusiness-database-JBS\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">JBS<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/agribusiness-database-tyson-foods\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Tyson Foods<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/agribusiness-database-vion\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Vion<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/agribusiness-database-Danish-Crown\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Danish Crown<\/a>, with access to markets across the world. In step with rising global demand, meat production has <a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/meat-production\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">more than quadrupled<\/a> in the past sixty years.<\/p>\n<p>Despite this tremendous growth, forecasts indicate that the world is still far from reaching \u201cpeak meat\u201d. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which represents many of the world\u2019s biggest economies, and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/sites\/29248f46-en\/index.html?itemId=\/content\/component\/29248f46-en#chapter-d1e18737\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">predict<\/a> that global meat production will continue to rise in the coming decade as incomes increase in developing countries.<\/p>\n<p>But that trend sets the world on a collision course with the climate targets laid out in the Paris Agreement. A <a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/370\/6517\/705\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">study<\/a> published in <em>Science <\/em>last year found that even if emissions from fossil fuels ceased right away, projected eating habits would make it impossible to keep global average temperature rises to 1.5C.<\/p>\n<p>And a more recent <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10584-021-03047-7\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">study<\/a> from New York University (NYU) looked at how meat companies could blow through the climate targets of their countries of origin. The European Union\u2019s largest pork producer Danish Crown, for example, is set to consume 42 percent of Denmark\u2019s emissions budget under the Paris Agreement by 2030 in a business-as-usual scenario.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s in this context that meat companies have ramped up their efforts to market their products as climate-friendly, says Kristine Clement, campaign lead of agriculture and forests at Greenpeace Denmark. The industry wants to continue its rapid growth, but is terrified that \u201cpoliticians will stand up and say, \u2018No, we can\u2019t continue this endless production of meat,\u2019\u201d she explains.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h-new-narrative\">\u2018New Narrative\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Meat producers casting themselves in an environmentally friendly light isn\u2019t a new phenomenon. But increased public pressure for companies to act in a climate-conscious way has caused a step-change in the industry\u2019s PR efforts.<\/p>\n<p>According to Jennifer Jacquet, associate professor of environmental studies at NYU, and a co-author of the study looking at meat companies\u2019 carbon footprints, the first high-profile revelation that the livestock sector was operating beyond ecological limits and having significant negative environmental impacts came in a 2006 FAO <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/a0701e\/a0701e00.htm\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">report<\/a> titled <em>Livestock\u2019s Long Shadow<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Since then, meat industry players have shifted from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.danishcrown.com\/media\/4721\/2014-2015_csr.pdf?637126850420000000\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">emphasising<\/a> the supposed sustainability of organically-produced meat to painting meat as an answer to ecological challenges like climate change.<\/p>\n<p>At a virtual conference in March, for instance, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/agribusiness-database-Animal-Agriculture-Alliance\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Animal Agriculture Alliance (AAA)<\/a>, a US-based industry group, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefencepost.com\/news\/rethink-methane-and-change-the-narrative-around-animal-agriculture-and-the-environment-at-2021-virtual-summit\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">announced plans<\/a> to \u201cchange the narrative and position animal agriculture as a solution to reducing our environmental footprint and improving our planet for generations to come.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>For Jacquet, though, such promises are little more than reputation management. \u201cThat\u2019s what these people in these positions are paid to do\u201d, she says, referring to trade associations such as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/agribusiness-database-international-meat-secretariat\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">IMS<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/agribusiness-database-Animal-Agriculture-Alliance\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">AAA<\/a>. She adds:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><strong>\u201cThey\u2019re paid to comfort us. They\u2019re paid to get us to not think hard and deeply about the industry. They\u2019re paid to assuage our worries. And they\u2019re paid to tell regulators: \u2018Don\u2019t worry, we\u2019ll self-regulate. We\u2019ll do a good job. You don\u2019t need to worry about us. We are good actors.\u2019\u201d<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n<strong>&#8212; Jennifer Jacquet, Associate Professor of Environmental Studies<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Meat companies themselves have also stepped up their climate-friendly advertising. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"ttps:\/\/www.desmog.com\/agribusiness-database-Danish-Crown\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Danish Crown<\/a> relaunched its website in 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.danishcrown.com\/news\/danish-crown-presents-its-new-brand-identity\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">pledging<\/a> to set \u201ca new direction towards a more sustainable future\u201d with a \u201cnew brand and narrative\u201d designed to \u201cmake it clearer to customers and consumers that Danish Crown has started this transformation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In 2020, the company ran a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dr.dk\/nyheder\/viden\/klima\/danish-crowns-reklamer-klimasvin-faar-groenne-taesk-det-ligner-vildledning\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">large-scale campaign<\/a> across TV, radio, newspapers, and billboards, insisting that its pigs were \u201cmore climate-friendly than you think.\u201d The same year, it put stickers on its pork products, describing pigs slaughtered by the company as \u201cclimate-controlled.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Greenpeace Denmark\u2019s Clement argues terms like \u201cclimate-friendly\u201d or \u201cclimate-controlled\u201d may mislead consumers into thinking that pork produces few emissions, or even that it\u2019s beneficial to the climate.<\/p>\n<p>Danish Crown told Greenpeace that it stopped using the \u201cclimate-friendly\u201d line after criticism from consumer organisations. The company has never announced the decision publicly, though, a move Clement says is unacceptable: \u201cThey have spent millions of kroner to get this message out in people\u2019s faces, and they have not communicated anywhere that they have accepted the critique and stopped using it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The company apparently has no plans, however, to withdraw the \u201cclimate-controlled\u201d labelling, recently <a href=\"https:\/\/borsen.dk\/nyheder\/baeredygtig\/virksomheders-klimaarbejde\/vi-kommer-ikke-til-at-traekke-det-tilbage\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">claiming<\/a> that a voluntary <a href=\"https:\/\/www.danishcrown.com\/da-dk\/baeredygtighed\/klima-og-miljoehensyn\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">certification program<\/a> it runs for its suppliers and which forms the basis of the labelling is \u201creasonably robust\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The company\u2019s refusal to withdraw the second campaign and publicly retract claims made during the first has so angered environmental groups in Denmark that in June, three <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-06-04\/first-danish-climate-lawsuit-targets-eu-s-biggest-pork-producer\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">filed<\/a> the country\u2019s first climate lawsuit over Danish Crown\u2019s advertising slogans.<\/p>\n<p>According to Rune-Christoffer Dragsdahl from the Vegetarian Society of Denmark, one of the plaintiffs, even if the industry manages to cut emissions as much as it claims, pork would \u201cstill be much more climate-damaging than plant-based alternatives\u201d, and it\u2019s therefore misleading to describe it as climate-friendly. Dragsdahl hopes the lawsuit will deter other meat companies from spreading similar narratives. \u201cSomeone has to draw a line in the sand before this gets out of hand and just becomes completely confusing for consumers,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>But Danish Crown is standing by the campaign. The company did not respond to DeSmog\u2019s requests to comment for this story, but its communications director Astrid Gade Nielsen <a href=\"https:\/\/borsen.dk\/nyheder\/baeredygtig\/virksomheders-klimaarbejde\/vi-kommer-ikke-til-at-traekke-det-tilbage\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">told Danish media<\/a>: \u201cWe believe that our campaign is a strong program based on what our farmers do on the farms.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Campaigns run by the AAA and Danish Crown are just two examples of the way in which the meat industry is increasingly turning to a playbook long used by other polluting sectors such as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/2021\/04\/18\/the-greenwashing-files-fossil-fuel-companies-advertising\/\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Big Oil<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/2020\/11\/18\/pesticides-industry-climate-change-marketing-pr\/\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">pesticide manufacturers<\/a>, with the campaigns ultimately causing \u201cconfusion and delay,\u201d NYU\u2019s Jacquet argues.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h-meat-industry-playbook\">Meat Industry Playbook<\/h2>\n<p>Through a major review of the PR materials of 10 key meat industry organisations, DeSmog has identified a number of tactics being employed by industry players again and again.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">All organisations in this investigation were contacted by DeSmog for comment. IMS and JBS responded and you can find their full comments <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/2021\/07\/18\/meat-industry-responses-in-full\/\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">here<\/a>.\u00a0AHDB responded to technical questions, and you can find its answers in its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/agribusiness-database-Agriculture-Horticulture-Development-Board\"  data-wpel-link=\"internal\">profile<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">All other organisations did not respond to DeSmog\u2019s requests to comment.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/2021\/07\/18\/investigation-meat-industry-greenwash-climatewash\/\" >TO READ THE FULL REPORT Go to Original &#8211; desmog.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>18 Jul 2021 &#8211; Growing global meat consumption threatens to derail the Paris Agreement, but that hasn\u2019t stopped the meat industry insisting it is part of the solution to climate change.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":191423,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[1441,232,550,401,846,1848,372,831,991],"class_list":["post-191429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","tag-big-oil","tag-capitalism","tag-corruption","tag-environment","tag-meat-industry","tag-pesticides","tag-propaganda","tag-veganism","tag-vegetarianism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191429"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191429\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":284897,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191429\/revisions\/284897"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/191423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=191429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=191429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}