{"id":191621,"date":"2021-08-16T12:00:29","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T11:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=191621"},"modified":"2021-08-12T04:28:04","modified_gmt":"2021-08-12T03:28:04","slug":"the-black-reporter-who-exposed-a-lie-about-the-atom-bomb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2021\/08\/the-black-reporter-who-exposed-a-lie-about-the-atom-bomb\/","title":{"rendered":"The Black Reporter Who Exposed a Lie about the Atom Bomb"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<p id=\"article-summary\" class=\"css-w6ymp8 e1wiw3jv0\"><em>Charles H. Loeb defied the American military\u2019s denials and propaganda to show how deadly radiation from the strike on Hiroshima sickened and killed.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_191622\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism.webp\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-191622\" class=\"wp-image-191622\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism-1024x717.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism-1024x717.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism-300x210.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism-768x538.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism-1536x1076.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-191622\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">As a war correspondent in World War II, Charles H. Loeb advanced with U.S. troops into the Philippines, survived a kamikaze attack and filed a number of detailed reports from Japan, including ones on Hiroshima\u2019s bombing and the nation\u2019s formal surrender. Here he gazes on Manila\u2019s ruins.<br \/>Credit&#8230;Loeb family photo<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\"><em>9 Aug 2021 &#8211; <\/em>\u201cLoeb Reflects On Atomic Bombed Area,\u201d read the headline in The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/blackpress\/news_bios\/newbios\/nwsppr\/atlnta\/atlnta.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Atlanta Daily World<\/a> of Oct. 5, 1945, two months after Hiroshima\u2019s ruin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">In the world of Black newspapers, that name alone was enough to attract readers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dlc.library.columbia.edu\/catalog\/cul:sj3tx95zt3\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Charles H. Loeb<\/a> was a Black war correspondent whose articles in World War II were distributed to papers across the United States by the <a href=\"https:\/\/nnpa.org\/black-press-history\/\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Negro Publishers Association<\/a>. In the article, Mr. Loeb told how bursts of deadly radiation had sickened and killed the city\u2019s residents. His perspective, while coolly analytic, cast light on a major wartime cover up.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2021\/08\/09\/science\/loeb-hiroshima-nuclear-bomb.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >Page 1 article<\/a> contradicted the War Department, the Manhattan Project, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/08\/09\/science\/william-laurence-new-york-times.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >The New York Times and its star reporter, William L. Laurence<\/a>, on what had become a bitter dispute between the victor and the vanquished. Japan insisted that the bomb\u2019s invisible rays at Hiroshima and Nagasaki had led to waves of sudden death and lingering illness. Emphatically, the United States denied that charge.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">But science and history would prove Mr. Loeb right. His reporting not only challenged the official government line but also echoed the skepticism of many Black Americans, who, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sup.org\/books\/title\/?id=23490\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scholars say<\/a>, worried that race had played a role in the United States\u2019 decision to drop the experimental weapons on Japan. Black clergy and activists at times sympathized openly with the bomb\u2019s victims.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cThey were willing to question the main narrative,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/web.stevens.edu\/facultyprofile\/?id=2054\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alex Wellerstein<\/a>, a historian who glimpsed this skepticism while researching his <a href=\"https:\/\/alexwellerstein.com\/writing\/books\/restricted-data\/\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent book<\/a>, \u201cRestricted Data: The History of Nuclear Secrecy in the United States.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Mr. Loeb\u2019s questioning never got the recognition it deserved. While <a href=\"https:\/\/case.edu\/ech\/articles\/l\/loeb-charles-harold\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hailed as a civic leader<\/a> in Cleveland, his hometown, and more widely as a pioneering Black journalist, he was unappreciated for having exposed the bomb\u2019s stealthy dangers at the dawn of the atomic age. His insights, until now, were lost to history.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_191625\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism2.webp\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-191625\" class=\"wp-image-191625\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism2-820x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism2-820x1024.webp 820w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism2-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism2-768x960.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism2-1229x1536.webp 1229w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism2.webp 1639w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-191625\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mr. Loeb\u2019s own newspaper, The Cleveland Call and Post, gave him a banner headline on Sept. 8, 1945, when he witnessed Japan\u2019s formal surrender on the U.S.S. Missouri.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-e1uohf e73j0it0\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\">\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\" data-testid=\"lazy-image\">\n<div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/08\/10\/science\/00sci-loeb2\/00sci-loeb2-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/08\/10\/science\/00sci-loeb2\/00sci-loeb2-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/08\/10\/science\/00sci-loeb2\/00sci-loeb2-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1a48zt4 ehw59r15\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-z3e15g\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper-hidden\">\n<div id=\"attachment_191626\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism3.webp\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-191626\" class=\"wp-image-191626\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism3-819x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism3-819x1024.webp 819w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism3-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism3-768x961.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism3-1228x1536.webp 1228w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism3.webp 1637w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-191626\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u201cLoeb Reflects On Atomic Bomb Area,\u201d an article from Mr. Loeb in The Atlanta Daily World of Oct. 6, 1945, discussed how deadly rays from the Hiroshima bomb had sickened and killed.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1kdhxp4 ehw59r12\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\">\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\" data-testid=\"lazy-image\">\n<div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/08\/10\/science\/00sci-loeb3\/00sci-loeb3-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/08\/10\/science\/00sci-loeb3\/00sci-loeb3-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/08\/10\/science\/00sci-loeb3\/00sci-loeb3-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-e1uohf e73j0it0\">\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1a48zt4 ehw59r15\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<h2 id=\"link-302f1af1\" class=\"css-1aoo5yy eoo0vm40\">The Radiation Lies<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">In his article, Mr. Loeb told of a press tour of Hiroshima that had crossed paths with a military investigation of the atomic victims by American scientists and doctors. The study had been ordered by Maj. Gen. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1970\/07\/15\/archives\/gen-groves-of-manhattan-project-dies-gen-groves-of-manhattan.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >Leslie R. Groves<\/a> of the U.S. Army, who directed the making of the bomb, and led by his deputy, Brig. Gen. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1967\/04\/12\/archives\/majgen-thomas-farrell-dies-aide-on-atom-bomb-project-75-a-civil-as.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >Thomas F. Farrell<\/a>. One scientist was surprised to hear General Farrell <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Atomic_Doctors\/pG5rzQEACAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=%22Farrell%20explained%20the%20operation%22\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tell the investigative team<\/a> in an early briefing that its mission was to \u201cprove there was no radioactivity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">General Groves, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/262859282_A_Very_Pleasant_Way_to_Die_Radiation_Effects_and_the_Decision_to_Use_the_Atomic_Bomb_against_Japan\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">historians say<\/a>, wanted the bomb to be seen as a deadly form of traditional warfare rather than a new, inhumane type. An international treaty in 1925 had <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/wmd\/bio\/1925-geneva-protocol\/\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">banned the use<\/a> of germ and chemical weapons. The head of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atomicheritage.org\/history\/manhattan-project\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Manhattan Project<\/a> wanted no depiction of atom bombs as uniquely terrible, no public discussion of what became known as radiological warfare.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Historians say General Groves understood the radiation issue as early as 1943 but kept it so compartmentalized that it was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/262859282_A_Very_Pleasant_Way_to_Die_Radiation_Effects_and_the_Decision_to_Use_the_Atomic_Bomb_against_Japan\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">poorly known<\/a> by top American officials, including Harry S. Truman. At the time he authorized the Hiroshima bombing, President Truman, scholars say, knew almost nothing of the bomb\u2019s radiation effects. Later, he <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qvoCEAAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;q=%E2%80%9Cregrets+about+dropping+the+atom+bombs.%E2%80%9D+&amp;hl=en#v=onepage&amp;q=%E2%80%9Cregrets%20about%20dropping%20the%20atomic%20bombs.%E2%80%9D&amp;f=false\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spoke of regrets<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Shortly after the atomic strike of Aug. 6, 1945, The Times began covering the radiation dispute between Japan and the United States. In September, the headline of Mr. Laurence\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1945\/09\/12\/archives\/us-atom-bomb-site-belies-tokyo-tales-tests-on-new-mexico-range.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >Page 1 article<\/a> said scientific readings at the American test site \u201cConfirm That Blast, and not Radiation, Took Toll,\u201d contradicting \u201cTokyo Tales\u201d of ray victims. The next day, The Times <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1945\/09\/13\/archives\/no-radioactivity-in-hiroshima-ruin-what-our-superfortresses-did-to.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >ran an article<\/a> with a Toyko dateline in which General Farrell\u2019s investigative team, as the headline stated, found \u201cNo Radioactivity in Hiroshima Ruin.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-z3e15g\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper-hidden\">\n<div id=\"attachment_191627\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism4.webp\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-191627\" class=\"wp-image-191627\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism4-1024x717.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism4-1024x717.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism4-300x210.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism4-768x538.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism4-1536x1076.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism4.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-191627\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of Mr. Loeb\u2019s own photographs of the war\u2019s devastation. He used a Speed Graphic, the standard camera of U.S. Army photographers, to record not only battlefield images but portraits of Black soldiers and sailors proud to be serving their country in time of war. Black newspapers ran many of the photos. Credit&#8230;Loeb family photo<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-pvnajo ehw59r12\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<div class=\"css-tux0zj ehw59r13\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-overlay\">\n<div class=\"css-eew8pc ehw59r14\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\" data-testid=\"lazy-image\">\n<div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/08\/10\/science\/00sci-loeb6b\/00sci-loeb6b-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/08\/10\/science\/00sci-loeb6b\/00sci-loeb6b-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/08\/10\/science\/00sci-loeb6b\/00sci-loeb6b-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">General Groves and his aides, it turns out, were telling only half the story, as Mr. Loeb came to detail in his reporting.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Exploding atom bombs emit two kinds of radiation. In the first seconds, the expanding fireball sends out colossal bursts of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/neutron\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">neutrons<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/gamma-ray\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gamma rays<\/a> powerful enough to speed through the air for miles and still penetrate steel, concrete and human bodies. They break chromosomes and upend the body\u2019s cellular machinery, causing sickness, cancer and death. These disrupters vanish instantly and are <a href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2011\/ph241\/keller1\/docs\/phillips.pdf\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hard to measure<\/a> directly.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Atomic detonations also generate a second, more persistent and detectable wave. The split atoms of nuclear fuel produce hundreds of different kinds of radioactive fragments, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/radiation\/radionuclide-basics-strontium-90\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Strontium-90<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/radiation\/radionuclide-basics-cesium-137\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cesium-137<\/a>. They can emit their own deadly rays for years. The particles ride the churning mushroom cloud into the sky, travel on the wind for hundreds of miles, and rain back to earth as radioactive fallout. Detecting them is easy. The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2002\/06\/27\/technology\/me-and-my-geiger-counter.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >clicking sounds of Geiger counters<\/a> reveal the radiating particles.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">At Hiroshima, the American scientists <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Atomic_Doctors\/pG5rzQEACAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=%E2%80%9Cinvestigated%20a%20trail%20of%20measurable%20fallout%E2%80%9D\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">did find detectable fallout<\/a> \u2014 but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dtra.mil\/Portals\/61\/Documents\/NTPR\/4-Rad_Exp_Rpts\/1_DNA-5512F_Rad_Dose_Reconstruction_for_US_Occupation_Forces_at_Hiroshima-Nagasaki_Japan.pdf\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not at ground zero<\/a>. Downwind, they found it had produced a minor trail of weak radioactivity that led to the city\u2019s edge and a dense bamboo forest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Even so, General Groves and his aides, during press tours in New Mexico and Japan of the atomic detonation points, directed attention to the low readings of Geiger counters as evidence of little or no radiation danger.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cYou could live there forever,\u201d Mr. Laurence of The Times <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1945\/09\/12\/archives\/us-atom-bomb-site-belies-tokyo-tales-tests-on-new-mexico-range.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >quoted the general<\/a> as saying of Hiroshima.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">In contrast, Mr. Loeb addressed the fireball\u2019s initial burst, not the nonexistent fallout at ground zero. He did so by reporting on the findings of Col. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1981\/07\/29\/obituaries\/stafford-l-warren-dies-nuclear-safety-pioneer.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >Stafford L. Warren<\/a>, who before the war was a professor of radiology at the University of Rochester.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-e1uohf e73j0it0\">\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\">\n<div id=\"attachment_191628\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism5.webp\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-191628\" class=\"wp-image-191628\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism5-819x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism5-819x1024.webp 819w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism5-240x300.webp 240w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism5-768x960.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism5-1229x1536.webp 1229w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism5.webp 1638w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-191628\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The cloud of churning debris and radioactive particles rising from the detonation of the atomic bomb over Hiroshima in the early morning hours of Aug. 6, 1945.<br \/>Credit&#8230;Associated Press<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Colonel Warren was the Manhattan Project\u2019s top physician. His stateside job was to protect bomb makers from radiation hazards and, in Japan, to lead the medical evaluation of the Japanese victims. As detailed in the 2020 book, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Atomic_Doctors\/pG5rzQEACAAJ\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Atomic Doctors<\/a>,\u201d he threw himself into gleaning what information he could from the hospitals, their patients and surviving Japanese doctors. Repeatedly, he saw the ravages of bomb radiation: fever, diarrhea, lost hair, oozing blood. Patients who seemed to have mild cases would die suddenly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">James L. Nolan Jr., author of \u201cAtomic Doctors,\u201d said Colonel Warren was careful in his medical reports to downplay the ills. \u201cGroves was his boss,\u201d Mr. Nolan said in an interview. \u201cHe knew his audience.\u201d The subtitle of Mr. Nolan\u2019s book is \u201cConscience and Complicity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Mr. Loeb\u2019s education most likely helped him discern the truth. At Howard University, one of the nation\u2019s leading historically Black colleges and universities, he had taken a pre-med curriculum before turning to newspaper work and was familiar with the basics of physics and chemistry, anatomy and pathology, X-rays and lead shielding. What kept him from going to medical school, <a href=\"https:\/\/dlc.library.columbia.edu\/catalog\/cul:sj3tx95zt3\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he recalled<\/a> late in life, was lack of tuition, not interest.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">It\u2019s unclear where Mr. Loeb encountered Colonel Warren. It could have been at a news conference, a social occasion or both. In Tokyo, both men frequented the Dai-ichi Hotel, which was a billet for military officers and civilian correspondents.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">That October, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2021\/08\/09\/science\/loeb-hiroshima-nuclear-bomb.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" >Mr. Loeb\u2019s article was carried by The Atlanta Daily World<\/a> as well as other Black-owned newspapers such as The Baltimore Afro-American, The Philadelphia Tribune and The Cleveland Call and Post, where he had worked before the war and later returned. The papers were part of a Black press group that had been <a href=\"https:\/\/nnpa.org\/about-nnpa\/\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">founded early in the war<\/a> by 22 publishers and saw large spikes in circulation as Black readers sought to learn about their soldiers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Mr. Loeb described the correspondents returning from Hiroshima as \u201ccompletely flabbergasted.\u201d In contrast, his own article was unemotional. He numbered his conclusions, as if writing a scientific paper. Radiation was his third point, after blast and damage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><\/picture>The former pre-med student ignored the Geiger counters and the official denials that had appeared in The Times and other papers. Instead, he noted the military study was \u201cdesigned to lay to rest the wild speculation\u201d about radiation victims in the devastated city and proceeded to substantiate the human suffering with hard facts.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">First, Mr. Loeb introduced \u201cOur Colonel Stafford Warren\u201d \u2014 his use of the possessive pronoun evoking a sense of trust \u2014 as the bomb project\u2019s \u201cChief Medical Officer.\u201d The journalist said nothing of Colonel Warren\u2019s denying the existence of radiation victims \u2014 the ostensible marching orders of the investigative team. Instead, he quoted the colonel as identifying the proximate cause of the gruesome ills.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Colonel Warren, the radiologist, Mr. Loeb said, judged that \u201ca single exposure to a dose of gamma radiation (similar in effect to X-rays) at the time of the detonation\u201d gave rise to the gruesome ills. His proposed cause was understated and almost clinical in nature but a radical departure from the blanket denials. Mr. Loeb, in closing the section, noted that Colonel Warren ruled out the possibility of sickness caused by \u201cdangerous amounts of radio activity on the ground.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Military censorship <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/The_Atomic_Bomb_Suppressed\/tzMrDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Monica+Brau:+The+atomic+bomb+suppressed+2nd+%22revised+edition%22&amp;pg=PR15&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">took out any attempt<\/a> by reporters back then to portray human suffering. It allowed depictions of broken buildings, not broken bodies. Mr. Loeb\u2019s article thus gave no details of the atomic victims.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">But memories of Japan haunted him long after the war, according to his daughter Stella Loeb-Munson. She recalled him talking of melted faces, of skin hanging from wasted bodies. During an interview, Mrs. Loeb-Munson pointed to a photograph he took of a crumpled body on a sidewalk.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cIt totally messed him up for years,\u201d she said. Slowly he turned from sullen to angry. \u201cHe had to talk about it \u2014 he had to,\u201d Mrs. Loeb-Munson said. \u201cHe was really messed up. He never really got over it.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"link-28cc05b9\" class=\"css-1aoo5yy eoo0vm40\">The Radiation Victims<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-z3e15g\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper-hidden\">\n<div id=\"attachment_191629\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism6.webp\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-191629\" class=\"wp-image-191629\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism6-1024x727.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism6-1024x727.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism6-300x213.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism6-768x545.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism6-1536x1091.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Charles-H.-Loeb-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-wwii-media-journalism6.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-191629\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child received treatment at a temporary hospital set up at Shin Kozen Elementary School in Nagasaki after the city\u2019s atomic bombing on Aug. 9, 1945, three days after the leveling of Hiroshima.<br \/>Credit&#8230;Yasuo Tomishige\/The Asahi Shimbun, via Getty Images<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-3gvhj3 ehw59r12\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<div class=\"css-tux0zj ehw59r13\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-overlay\">\n<div class=\"css-18bbo5o ehw59r14\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\" data-testid=\"lazy-image\">\n<div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/08\/10\/science\/00sci-loeb7\/00sci-loeb7-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/08\/10\/science\/00sci-loeb7\/00sci-loeb7-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/08\/10\/science\/00sci-loeb7\/00sci-loeb7-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">A search of databases suggests that few if any journalists of Mr. Loeb\u2019s day approached his level of detail and tight focus in telling of the radiation poisoning.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The Times sought to ignore the topic altogether. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/news\/2013\/05\/07\/new-book-chronicles-work-of-female-vietnam-war-journalist\/\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Beverly Deepe Keever<\/a>, a professor of journalism, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/News_Zero\/sZjuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=132%20new%20items\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analyzed its coverage<\/a> of the Hiroshima bombing and reported that out of 132 articles she examined, she could find only one that mentioned radiation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Even so, by November 1945, a month after Mr. Loeb\u2019s article, public awareness of the radiation issue had grown to the point that General Groves could no longer deny the toll of the bomb\u2019s initial bursts. Instead, he <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/262859282_A_Very_Pleasant_Way_to_Die_Radiation_Effects_and_the_Decision_to_Use_the_Atomic_Bomb_against_Japan\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">described their impact<\/a> on humans as \u201ca very pleasant way to die.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The Black press in subsequent months kept pounding away. The Baltimore Afro-American spoke of \u201cthousands of radiation victims.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The military itself soon cast light on the enormity of the misinformation campaign. In June 1946, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/rr\/scitech\/trs\/trsbombingsurvey.html\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United States Strategic Bombing Survey<\/a> said most medical investigators <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;id=pG5rzQEACAAJ&amp;q=%22most+medical+investigators%22#v=snippet&amp;q=%22most%20medical%20investigators%22&amp;f=false\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">saw the radiation<\/a> emissions at Hiroshima and Nagasaki as responsible for up to 20 percent of the deaths. If the bombings took roughly 100,000 to 200,000 lives \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/thebulletin.org\/2020\/08\/counting-the-dead-at-hiroshima-and-nagasaki\/\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">today considered<\/a> a credible range \u2014 the radiation killed up to 40,000 people.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The rays also produced a dark legacy. Over decades, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2020\/07\/how-atomic-bomb-survivors-have-transformed-our-understanding-radiation-s-impacts\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studies of the survivors<\/a> revealed that they endured high rates of cancer, stroke, cataracts and heart disease. Babies in utero at the time of the bombings suffered poor development, epileptic seizures and reduced head size.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Mr. Loeb died in 1978 at 73. While getting no credit for his atomic scoop, he became known late in life among other journalists as <a href=\"https:\/\/case.edu\/ech\/articles\/l\/loeb-charles-harold\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the dean of Black newsmen<\/a>. In 1971, he spoke of his long career in <a href=\"https:\/\/dlc.library.columbia.edu\/catalog\/cul:sj3tx95zt3\" class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an oral history interview<\/a> with Columbia University. Then 66 and managing editor of The Cleveland Call and Post, Mr. Loeb said that he regretted not going back to medical school but that he felt he probably did more social good as a journalist than he would have as a surgeon.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">His great good fortune, he added, was marrying a woman who put personal goals ahead of money. \u201cWe\u2019ll starve together,\u201d he recalled his wife, Beulah Loeb, saying.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Mr. Loeb said nothing of his radiation article or what he had witnessed at Hiroshima but spoke at length about Black publishing and the community it served.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cOne of our functions is to tell the Black side of any story,\u201d he said, as Black readers were often skeptical of the white news media. Even when Black papers got scooped on big stories, he added, \u201cour readers still buy our newspapers to see what we said about it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Black newspapers perform \u201ca real service\u201d not only for Black people but also, Mr. Loeb said, the press in general because they reliably present alternative points of view and fresh perspectives.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cYou have to tell the truth,\u201d he added. If not, he said, \u201cyou\u2019re in trouble.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>___________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>William J. Broad is a science journalist and senior writer. He joined <\/em>The Times<em> in 1983, and has shared two Pulitzer Prizes with his colleagues, as well as an Emmy Award and a DuPont Award.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/08\/09\/science\/charles-loeb-atomic-bomb.html\" >Go to Original &#8211; nytimes.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>9 Aug 2021 &#8211; Charles H. Loeb defied the American military\u2019s denials and propaganda to show how deadly radiation from the strike on Hiroshima sickened and killed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":191622,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[867,1347,1678,179,234,450,112,1084,70,875,581],"class_list":["post-191621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-weapons-of-mass-destruction","tag-anglo-america","tag-hiroshima-and-nagasaki","tag-investigative-journalism","tag-japan","tag-media","tag-nuclear-weapons","tag-pentagon","tag-radiation","tag-usa","tag-wmd","tag-wwii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191621"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191621\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/191622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=191621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=191621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}