{"id":197604,"date":"2021-10-18T12:00:04","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T11:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=197604"},"modified":"2021-10-14T06:57:44","modified_gmt":"2021-10-14T05:57:44","slug":"from-sci-fi-to-reality-how-the-us-space-force-launched-a-digital-revolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2021\/10\/from-sci-fi-to-reality-how-the-us-space-force-launched-a-digital-revolution\/","title":{"rendered":"From Sci-Fi to Reality: How the US Space Force Launched a Digital Revolution"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong> All courtesy of the well-educated but\u00a0 passive masses who accept the falsehood that Armed Forces are a deterrent.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Military Space Report &#8211; 13 <\/strong><strong>Oct 2021<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Sponsored by <a href=\"https:\/\/link.defensenews.com\/click\/25329761.12113\/aHR0cHM6Ly9haS1zb2x1dGlvbnMuY29tLz91dG1fc291cmNlPTEwLTEzZW5ld3NsZXR0ZXImdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249RGVmZW5zZU5ld3NNaXNzaW9uU3BhY2VFbmdpbmVlcmluZyZ1dG1faWQ9RGVmZW5zZU5ld3NPY3RvYmVyMjAyMQ\/612b35b604b9b665b72d5438B3032da59\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/link.defensenews.com\/click\/25329761.12113\/aHR0cHM6Ly9haS1zb2x1dGlvbnMuY29tLz91dG1fc291cmNlPTEwLTEzZW5ld3NsZXR0ZXImdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249RGVmZW5zZU5ld3NNaXNzaW9uU3BhY2VFbmdpbmVlcmluZyZ1dG1faWQ9RGVmZW5zZU5ld3NPY3RvYmVyMjAyMQ\/612b35b604b9b665b72d5438B3032da59&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1634266017867000&amp;usg=AFQjCNEYEOyvpbTjuvJIzu5kpWkeEgJNdQ\">a.i. solutions<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/link.defensenews.com\/fl\/612b35b604b9b665b72d5438f2wkh.9ch\/605f7668fc138d14f2716f34\/6155ca1c81b66a657164fe7e\/b8ad591b\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/link.defensenews.com\/fl\/612b35b604b9b665b72d5438f2wkh.9ch\/605f7668fc138d14f2716f34\/6155ca1c81b66a657164fe7e\/b8ad591b&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1634266017867000&amp;usg=AFQjCNFiaPsuNCOlSl_Gvz9308sdoztJAQ\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"CToWUd\" src=\"https:\/\/ci6.googleusercontent.com\/proxy\/hM2-aNPfz5nd6g1IftM4923AWBee8EIfT7wEClI5O_E589r1XAFL527g1PX8DvjXmRWJA6LVG5KlSQpHbb8AQPNceBy5JzBE82gtFyg5RH_3-GuJgkr0LyQyV3zkvN326P-d_oqymF5Nc_bKt4qVBjfyPDCC5AItzvL1ERUj0U13ajpupMaoGJtw5gqxk3CDOKTyCg=s0-d-e1-ft#https:\/\/link.defensenews.com\/fl\/612b35b604b9b665b72d5438f2wkh.9ch\/605f7668fc138d14f2716f34\/6155ca1c81b66a657164fe7e\/b8ad591b.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*************************<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div id=\"attachment_197608\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/military-digital-space.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-197608\" class=\"wp-image-197608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/military-digital-space-1024x819.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/military-digital-space-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/military-digital-space-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/military-digital-space-768x614.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/military-digital-space.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-197608\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Axstokes Getty Images<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p><em>11 Oct 2021 &#8211; <\/em>\u201cThere is no spoon.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">So said a bald child in a toga to Keanu Reeves in the 1999 sci-fi flick \u201cThe Matrix,\u201d which (spoiler alert) depicts a dystopian future where most of humanity exists within a digital simulation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">It\u2019s also the title of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.af.mil\/Portals\/1\/documents\/2020SAF\/There_Is_No_Spoon_Digital_Acquisition_7_Oct_2020_digital_version.pdf\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a manifesto on digital acquisitions<\/a> by the former assistant secretary of the U.S. Air Force for acquisition, technology and logistics, Will Roper. Released in 2020 and littered with Matrix references (and designed with a green and black color scheme reminiscent of the movie), the 19-page document outlines how and why the Department of the Air Force must use digital simulations and models to design and build its systems.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cThe last area that we have to have strategic agility is in being able to computerize or virtualize everything about our development and production, assembly, even sustainment of systems so that we can finally get past the tyranny of the real world and take learning and feedback into the digital one,\u201d Roper said in a Matrix-themed presentation nearly a year ago.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">The promises of a digital ecosystem \u2014 faster development, integrated assembly and the ability to test systems before they\u2019re built \u2014 are appealing to the Department of Defense, which frequently struggles with cost overruns and significant delays for its space systems.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Roper has since left government, but the digital revolution continues, and the U.S. Space Force wants to lead the way.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">In May, Chief of Space Operations Gen. Jay Raymond announced the new service\u2019s intent to be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.c4isrnet.com\/battlefield-tech\/space\/2021\/05\/06\/space-force-wants-to-be-the-worlds-first-fully-digital-service\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the world\u2019s first fully digital service<\/a>, adopting digital engineering practices to transform how the military designs, buys and builds systems.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">The Space Force has abandoned Roper\u2019s Matrix-heavy framing, but it\u2019s using the same basic framework: hyper-realistic simulations of the environment in which its satellites will operate, and digital twins to help design and build architectures, constellations, satellites, payloads, ground systems and more to ensure operators can deliver the space-based capabilities needed by war fighters around the world.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">It\u2019s an ambitious vision, but the Space Force is taking steps to implement it, and industry says it\u2019s ready.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"heading__StyledHeading-sc-123v3ct-0 bPFQNZ\">Enter the Matrix<\/h1>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">The digital revolution begins at the very start of the acquisition process: force design.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">That step is the big-picture determination of the Space Force\u2019s needs and the best architecture to address its mission. The Space Warfighting Analysis Center (SWAC) will use high-fidelity simulations that can realistically depict the orbital environment, space and terrestrial weather, threats and the effects it anticipates encountering to create that force design, which can then be distilled into a set of requirements.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">According to SWAC Director Andrew Cox, these simulations have to represent three main elements with high fidelity: the threat; the physical and engineering constraints; and the cost.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cThe reason those three things are important is because as we are at the headwaters, feeding requirements into the budget process that\u2019s run by [Lt. Gen. William] Liquori. We don\u2019t want to hand him force designs that he\u2019s building requirements off of and budgets off of that are unrealistic, that are not affordable and that are vulnerable,\u201d Cox said at the Air Force Association\u2019s Air, Space and Cyber Conference in September.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Liquori, who serves as the Space Force\u2019s deputy chief of space operations for strategy, plans, programs, requirements and analysis, said those force designs and \u201cperformance envelopes\u201d then move to his requirements team.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cThe intent will be to put a wrapper on those to make a digital requirements package,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd then we pass that onto the acquisition community, who then will take and move that into digital engineering.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"oembed-youtube embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9 container_row margin_top_md margin_bottom_md block-margin-bottom\">\n<div>\n<div><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XO0pcWxcROI?feature=oembed\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Typically, the requirements would then go to the Space Force\u2019s acquisition community, the vast bulk of which exists under Space Systems Command. The command would then look to industry for solutions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">But even here, the Space Force is doing things differently. The Space Warfighting Analysis Center is inviting industry to join its officials in an October classified business briefing, during which they plan to share the simulations and models that informed the force design. That will give contractors interested in working with the Space Force input at that big-picture level, using a common framework of the threats and the mission.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"heading__StyledHeading-sc-123v3ct-0 bPFQNZ\">Fleshing out digital models<\/h1>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">When the requirements are officially set, they\u2019ll go to the acquisition community, which will work with contractors in a digital engineering environment. Instead of relying on the 2D blueprints that drove the space race in the 1950s and 1960s, digital engineering uses 3D virtual models.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">So digital models are just 3D blueprints, right? Yes, but they\u2019re much more. Experts say what they really do is put those requirements and designs into a single, shared, sophisticated place across the space enterprise.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cWhen we talk about the concept of digital, think about it from the standpoint of really understanding how to drive speed and effectivity along the entire value stream \u2014 whether you\u2019re talking space, whether you\u2019re talking aircraft, whether you\u2019re talking computers and IT,\u201d David Ray, senior vice president of the space business unit at SAIC, told C4ISRNET.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Perhaps the most significant promise of digital engineering is the ability to test systems in the design stage, well before they hit the factory floor. These digital twins of the real-life satellite are so detailed and accurate the Space Force can test them in a virtual version of space to see if they work.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cThat granularity, what that does is allows you to validate and test as early as possible in the life cycle,\u201d AGI\u2019s digital engineering lead, Mark Visco, told C4ISRNET. \u201cSo what happened in the past, people were putting test and evaluation at the end. So they\u2019d build everything, test it, and \u2018Crap, it didn\u2019t work\u2019 or \u2018That design was bad.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cWell now we can simulate with that level of real fidelity of: \u2018Here\u2019s what you\u2019re actually going to try to build.\u2019 I can test it virtually with computers \u2014 you know, within months of my design \u2014 and say: \u2018Oh, that design is not going to work.\u2019 And I can wring out all of the design flaws or all of the design shortcomings along the way before I start bending any metal or before I start creating circuit boards,\u201d Visco added.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">And at any point, said Liquori, the Space Force can take the digital twin and plug it back into the model-based systems engineering environment, replacing the placeholder system to see how it executes the mission.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">The hope is this will address the common complaint about the Pentagon delivering systems that, well, don\u2019t deliver.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Another promising aspect of model-based system engineering is the ability to quickly modify the design as requirements change, giving additional flexibility to contractors. That\u2019s something Bill Gattle, L3Harris Technologies\u2019 president of space systems, discovered through the firm\u2019s work on the Missile Defense Agency\u2019s Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cYou can put a new requirement in and it will change the requirements, tell you what requirement is different, and it will tell you what hardware just broke or what you have to fix. So it\u2019s all interconnected, and you can do that in a day,\u201d Gattle said. \u201cVersus today, if you were to do that on a mechanical system that we\u2019ve built five years ago, [it] would take us weeks to figure out what exactly that requirement is without all that stuff.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure>\n<div class=\"LazyMedia-sc-1vxvan1-0 ZDCah f-lazyMedia\"><picture class=\"Image__StyledPicture-sc-8yioqf-0 dRTDJJ\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/resizer\/a8gKONyuS5HET1nQhSAYVqKmG5w=\/1440x0\/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/mco\/Y7MIME7GSZDUHHYXJLMFHYAVCY.jpg\" media=\"screen and (min-width: 1024px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/resizer\/HVldKyolg6xxs5kdv5WUvGbaOYg=\/1024x0\/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/mco\/Y7MIME7GSZDUHHYXJLMFHYAVCY.jpg\" media=\"screen and (min-width: 768px)\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"image__Caption-sc-23pfqr-0 kFrMmg a-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">New artificial intelligence tools also speed up the design process, automatically running through a dizzying number of engineering options to find the best system for a user\u2019s needs. In one instance, recalled AGI\u2019s Visco, his company was able to use digital modeling to go through tens of thousands of design options with a customer. By inputting the customer\u2019s requirements and priorities, the model automatically updates to offer the best design options. That sort of design work was virtually impossible in the analog days, Visco added.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Today, humans aren\u2019t needed for whole steps of the design process. Engineers can take advantage of generative design, where they feed requirements into a software tool that automatically designs a piece to fit a need. The process is mostly used for simple tasks, like designing a physical arm to hold an antenna on a satellite, but that frees up human engineers to tackle harder problems, like designing the actual antenna.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cWe\u2019re doing our first usage of those generative designs and building them into systems today. We\u2019re in those infancy steps,\u201d said Lockheed Martin\u2019s Johnathon Caldwell, the company\u2019s vice president of business innovation, transformation and enterprise excellence.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">There\u2019s even talk, said Gattle, of the Space Force switching requirements late in the design process to see how well companies\u2019 digital engineering solutions can respond.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">But it\u2019s not just the Space Force that will be able to interact with digital twins. An important benefit of digital engineering is collaboration without in-person meetings, said Ray. Engineering teams from dispersed locations can simultaneously access the digital twin. When one team plugs in a new part to the digital twin, other teams can see how the change affects or breaks their contribution.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"heading__StyledHeading-sc-123v3ct-0 bPFQNZ\">Video game training?<\/h1>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">The digital revolution doesn\u2019t end with acquisitions. Lt. Gen. Chance Saltzman, the Space Force\u2019s chief operations officer, said those virtual environments and digital models will be integral to the service\u2019s efforts to train guardians \u2014 the title given to Space Force personnel.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">The service must build a virtual test and training infrastructure to give operators experience with systems and validate their tactics against a \u201cformidable array of threats that they will face in the field,\u201d Saltzman said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cFinally, the virtual environment must include digital twins of our weapon systems, realistic space weather models, and interactive simulators that connect red\/blue forces,\u201d he explained Sept. 21 during the Air Force Association conference. \u201cWhat I have in mind should look more like an augmented reality video game. We need to take advantage of this moving technology. We need to put our operators in their domain to interact with the system and see\/feel the effects of the consequences of their actions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cBecause our live operations are a virtual experience, a virtual training environment can be very realistic,\u201d Saltzman added.<\/p>\n<figure>\n<div class=\"LazyMedia-sc-1vxvan1-0 ZDCah f-lazyMedia\"><picture class=\"Image__StyledPicture-sc-8yioqf-0 dRTDJJ\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/resizer\/7GoEIlXgrr2HPPmq_9gdw8lQ4VQ=\/1440x0\/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/mco\/XD4OWWGVENGSBLXQJWBTRWWFIA.jpg\" media=\"screen and (min-width: 1024px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/resizer\/gULwYKKg6pvpOOgBbSHDtwHvwLI=\/1024x0\/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/mco\/XD4OWWGVENGSBLXQJWBTRWWFIA.jpg\" media=\"screen and (min-width: 768px)\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"image__Caption-sc-23pfqr-0 kFrMmg a-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Comparing this theoretical virtual environment with a popular football video game his son plays, he said the training would be like the franchise mode, where users build a team and set the tactics, but don\u2019t have to control individual players. Likewise, space operators don\u2019t need to learn how to control satellites with a joystick. What they do need to do is learn how to build the right set of capabilities and formulate the best tactics to use against any given opponent.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cImagine a game where you\u2019re immersed in a struggle to preserve your mission \u2014 say satellite communications \u2014 against an adversary attempting to degrade relations. You make decisions. The game executes the tactics. We get real time feedback on what is working, what is not. You adjust. You make more decisions. All the while, player two \u2014 the red team [causing a satellite communications] jam \u2014 is executing their tactics to deny your block communications. Someone wins, someone loses. Both debrief, and we learn from their mistakes,\u201d Saltzman said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Just like the virtual environment the Space Warfighting Analysis Center will use to design capability architectures, this training environment will host digital twins of Space Force systems, high-fidelity effects, a realistic depiction of space weather and the orbital environment, and terrestrial weather that could affect missions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Paul Tilghman, the senior director of Azure Spectrum Technologies at Microsoft, agrees with Saltzman.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">During the Air Force Association conference, he said the Unreal Engine, a game creation platform that serves as the basis of hundreds of video games, could be adapted by the Space Force. With the right inputs, it could be used to create a digital environment with accurate physics, weather and threats.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">The adoption of cloud computing in gaming could also point the way for the Space Force. Cloud gaming, wherein processing of data in video games is conducted at remote servers, enables users to play games without owning the newest console or expensive hardware. If the Space Force\u2019s digital revolution is to be as ubiquitous as officials insist, it could be more sensible to rely on the cloud rather than install advanced hardware to run the high-fidelity simulations for every user or location.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cThis is a big opportunity where I think computing power from the cloud can help,\u201d said Tilghman, whose employer sells cloud services to several space companies.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"heading__StyledHeading-sc-123v3ct-0 bPFQNZ\">Industry adoption<\/h1>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">The Space Force announced its digital intentions in May, but digital engineering has been around for years. Its use within the DoD, however, is limited. Roper\u2019s manifesto describes only three programs as \u201cradically digital\u201d: the T-7A Red Hawk aircraft, the Ground Based Strategic Deterrent weapon system and the Next Generation Air Dominance fighter.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cSpace Force has the \u2026 unique opportunity that they\u2019re trying to stand up a new service,\u201d Caldwell, the Lockheed executive, said. \u201cIt doesn\u2019t have to have all of the heritage bureaucracy \u2026 and I think they\u2019ve done really well at trying to take advantage of the moment.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure>\n<div class=\"LazyMedia-sc-1vxvan1-0 ZDCah f-lazyMedia\"><picture class=\"Image__StyledPicture-sc-8yioqf-0 dRTDJJ\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/resizer\/hWkQOkxTXTaucQIUAuudQxPIHVY=\/1440x0\/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/mco\/KXUXS7WQ6NHRPA4TKJRO44SF3A.jpg\" media=\"screen and (min-width: 1024px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/resizer\/M5EX_cluXBS6bogXRURo9oV9Cak=\/1024x0\/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/mco\/KXUXS7WQ6NHRPA4TKJRO44SF3A.jpg\" media=\"screen and (min-width: 768px)\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"image__Caption-sc-23pfqr-0 kFrMmg a-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">The space industry, Caldwell added, is at various stages of \u201ccrawl, walk, run\u201d when it comes to adopting digital engineering. Even at Lockheed Martin, he said, diverse programs have different levels of digital involvement. For instance, while the company has integrated digital processes throughout the Next Generation Interceptor Program, others only use parts of the digital thread.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Other contractors agreed digital adoption varies across industries, companies and even internal programs.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cI\u2019d say better practices are evolving. Everybody is on a journey,\u201d Visco said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Independent of government prompting, Visco added, AGI hired an independent firm to analyze the benefits of introducing digital engineering. The researchers found it could improve the cycle sixfold, so what would normally take six years could be done in one.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Carol Erikson, Northrop Grumman\u2019s vice president of digital transformation, said the company has long worked to adopt digital tools, starting with major aircraft programs and moving into other areas. In developing the Enhanced Polar System Control and Planning Segment a decade ago, the company found digital engineering enabled it to find and correct defects far earlier, saving time and money.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cWe have taken what we learned from EPS CAPS and other early adopter programs and scaled those digital engineering capabilities in order to apply them to [the Ground Based Strategic Deterrent], our Protected Tactical SATCOM, Evolved Strategic SATCOM and Next-Gen OPIR programs,\u201d Erikson said.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"heading__StyledHeading-sc-123v3ct-0 bPFQNZ\">Finding flaws<\/h1>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">During a tour of Lockheed Martin\u2019s facilities outside of Denver, Colorado, company officials showed off tools used to bolster digital efforts. Within Lockheed\u2019s so-called Accelerator Environment \u2014 a small, open-floor room effectively serving as a 24\/7 playground for engineers and interns to test new ideas \u2014 the company is exploring ways to broaden its digital practices. Among the technologies under exploration are new virtual reality systems that let users interact with digital models in a 3D space, and smart tools that can upload manufacturing data to the cloud.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">By going through the motions of assembly in virtual reality, engineers can identify potential problems and address them before manufacturing begins. In an example demonstrated in the Pulsar Accelerator, users took control of an internal panel, bringing it inside a space vehicle to see whether it could fit into a tight space. In this instance, technicians discovered fasteners on a panel didn\u2019t fit the rest of a design, said Darin Bolthouse, senior manager of the Collaborative Human Immersive Lab at Lockheed Martin Space.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cIt would have been something they would not have found [before assembly],\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">The company can convert any of its digital models for testing in the virtual reality environment. A small or medium model can be converted in 10 minutes, said Bolthouse, although larger, more complicated designs can take longer.<\/p>\n<figure>\n<div class=\"LazyMedia-sc-1vxvan1-0 ZDCah f-lazyMedia\"><picture class=\"Image__StyledPicture-sc-8yioqf-0 dRTDJJ\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/resizer\/QVJpSHbtyDOPbX1YJbfa7UXSNyI=\/1440x0\/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/mco\/2HPN7WZFXVD3PA735Q2CQYDYXI.jpg\" media=\"screen and (min-width: 1024px)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/resizer\/Duo6kSfkg8hvUMWjHDX1EjjJ9Xw=\/1024x0\/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/mco\/2HPN7WZFXVD3PA735Q2CQYDYXI.jpg\" media=\"screen and (min-width: 768px)\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"image__Caption-sc-23pfqr-0 kFrMmg a-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Lockheed engineers are also exploring how to integrate smart tools with digital models.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Take torquing, for example. When building a satellite, technicians go from fastener to fastener, torquing each to specification with a wrench and recording the measurement by pen and paper. Then a second technician double checks the torques. It\u2019s the definition of a nondigital process.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">With the new smart torque tool, the process is partially automated and digitized. A green light on the smart tool signifies the torque \u2014 or the applied force \u2014 is within specifications, and the measurement is uploaded to the cloud without the need to double check.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Lockheed wants to eventually be able to directly insert those torquing measurements into a digital model so engineers can see how the system is built in real time. And artificial intelligence tools would look through the torque data to identify anomalies and test how products hold up.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"heading__StyledHeading-sc-123v3ct-0 bPFQNZ\">The first steps into the Matrix<\/h1>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">Space Force officials say the nascent service is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.c4isrnet.com\/smr\/space-competition\/2021\/08\/26\/space-force-leaders-say-theyre-on-their-way-to-delivering-the-first-digital-military-branch\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">making headway<\/a> on implementing its digital agenda.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cThose data standards are being developed. The platform is being developed. The hardware stack is being developed so we can all communicate on a common framework,\u201d Space Systems Command chief Gen. Mike Guetlein said at the Space Symposium in Colorado Springs. \u201cAnd now we\u2019re starting to talk about: What does that digital platform look like that\u2019s going to drive us all going forward?\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">One of the key pieces will be the new, cloud-based \u201cDigital Engineering Environment,\u201d in which vendors can share digital twins with the Space Force and other industry partners. Space Force officials said the classified version was coming online at the time of their announcement in May, while an unclassified environment was expected to be ready in early fall.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">The service\u2019s digital priorities are already reflected in its major satellite contracts. Shortly after the May announcement, the Space and Missile Systems Center (since redesignated as Space Systems Command) awarded contracts to two companies \u2014 Raytheon Technologies and Millennium Space Systems \u2014 to design digital models of missile warning satellites to be tested in high-fidelity simulations. Those tests will show if the service can improve its missile warning architecture by placing the satellites in a new orbital regime.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">But challenges remain. Contractors point to the need for universal standards and more granularity for the digital models to help unlock the full potential of digital engineering. But they also say the private sector will resolve those issues if the Space Force continues to incentivize the adoption of digital engineering in its contracting.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-sc-1tqpf5s-0 jQOUvm body-paragraph body-paragraph\">\u201cI think it works itself out as long as Space Force is still continuing to push the agenda,\u201d Ray said. \u201cI think Space Force is paving the way for the entire DoD.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>_________________________________________________<\/p>\n<p class=\"default__BioWrapper-cy7r53-0 jmAmdA a-body2\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Nathan Strout covers space, unmanned and intelligence systems for C4ISRNET.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/battlefield-tech\/space\/2021\/10\/11\/from-sci-fi-to-reality-how-the-us-space-force-launched-a-digital-revolution\/\" >Go to Original &#8211; defensenews.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>11 Oct 2021 &#8211; All courtesy of the well-educated but\u00a0 passive masses who accept the falsehood that Armed Forces are a deterrent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":197608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[867,1161,1188,120,267,1126,260,487,1050,504,950,291,1105,780,769,91,86,112,109,287,2648,2649,1709,95,70,126,118,492,172,75],"class_list":["post-197604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-militarism","tag-anglo-america","tag-arms-industry","tag-arms-race","tag-conflict","tag-geopolitics","tag-hegemony","tag-history","tag-human-rights","tag-imperialism","tag-international-relations","tag-invasion","tag-military","tag-military-industrial-complex","tag-military-intervention","tag-military-supremacy","tag-nato","tag-occupation","tag-pentagon","tag-politics","tag-power","tag-space-command","tag-space-digital-military-branch","tag-space-weapons","tag-us-military","tag-usa","tag-violence","tag-war","tag-war-on-terror","tag-west","tag-world"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=197604"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197604\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/197608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=197604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=197604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=197604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}