{"id":199200,"date":"2021-11-15T12:01:23","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T12:01:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=199200"},"modified":"2021-11-10T05:05:38","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T05:05:38","slug":"cultural-revolutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2021\/11\/cultural-revolutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Cultural Revolutions"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Freedom Is Not a Goal, but a Direction<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

10 Nov 2021 – <\/em>For a long time now, I\u2019ve wanted to write to you, but found myself unable. Not from illness\u2014although that came and went\u2014but because I refuse to put something in your inbox that I feel isn\u2019t worth your time.<\/p>\n

The endless stream of events that the world provides to remark upon has the tendency to take on an almost physical weight, and robs me of what I can only describe as origination energy: the creative spark that empowers us not simply to do something, but to do something new<\/em>. Without it, even the best of what I can produce feels derivative and workmanlike\u2014good enough for government, perhaps, but not good enough for you.<\/p>\n

I suspect you may know a similar struggle\u2014you can tell me how you fight it below, if you like\u2014but my only means for overcoming it is an aimless wandering in search of the unknown catalyst that might help me to refill my emptied well. Where once I might have had a good chance of walking away inspired by the empathy I felt while watching a sad, sad film, achieving such inspiration feels harder now, somehow. I have to search farther, and wander longer, across centuries of painting and music until at last, when passing by a dumpster, yesterday\u2019s internet comment might suddenly pop into my head and blossom there, as if a poem. The thing\u2014the artifact itself\u2014doesn\u2019t matter, so much as what it does for me\u2014it enlivens <\/em>me.<\/em><\/p>\n

This, to me, is art.<\/p>\n

I was most recently enlivened by a book, so I can\u2019t think of anything more fitting for my return to this format than an account of it: 1000 Years of Joys and Sorrows<\/a><\/em>, by the great Chinese artist Ai Wei-Wei<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

You don\u2019t need me to tell you where to find books.<\/p><\/div>\n

I never expected to find so much of my own story\u2014of my own country\u2019s story\u2014in Ai Weiwei\u2019s book, mostly because Ai\u2019s life and mine could not have been more different. I grew up as the (old) Red Scare was in its death-throes, and until the cusp of my thirties I lived a comfortable existence as part of the newly ascendant clerisy of the computer. Ai, on the other hand, spent his childhood sleeping in a dugout amidst the frozen wastes of \u201cLittle Siberia<\/a>\u201d after his father, a politically-connected but free-thinking poet by the name of Ai Qing, was branded a \u201crightist<\/a>\u201d and banished by the Maoists for \u201cre-education.\u201d<\/p>\n

The first half of Ai\u2019s memoir is a moving testament to his father, resurrecting for all of us a man who, despite the terrors of the Cultural Revolution<\/a>, retained an ineradicable sense of self.<\/p>\n

Ai\u2019s dual structure\u2014of an account of his life, yes, but also and perhaps more importantly an account of his times\u2014was familiar to me, despite the exotic settings. He uses the classic dialectical frame (which I used in my own memoir), allowing him to bring intimacy to the political and historical context to the personal. In the case of 1000 Years of Joys and Sorrows<\/em>, choosing to include a deeply readable record of how<\/strong><\/em> and how quickly<\/strong><\/em> China\u2019s violent intolerance became normalized into national policy is tremendously valuable and frequently alarming.<\/p>\n

Ai writes:<\/p>\n

Under the pressure to conform, everyone sank into an ideological swamp of \u201ccriticism\u201d and \u201cself-\u00adcriticism.\u201d My father repeatedly wrote self-\u00adcritiques, and when controls on thought and expression rose to the level of threatening his very survival, he, like others, wrote an essay denouncing Wang Shiwei, the author of \u201cWild Lilies,\u201d taking a public stand that went against his inner convictions.<\/em><\/p>\n

Situations such as this occurred in Yan\u2019an in the 1940s, occurred in China after 1949, and still occur in the present day. Ideological cleansing, I would note, exists not only under totalitarian regimes\u2014\u00adit is also present, in a different form, in liberal Western democracies.<\/strong> Under the influence of politically correct extremism, individual thought and expression are too often curbed and too often replaced by empty political slogans.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The bolding is mine, but the boldness is Ai\u2019s.<\/p>\n

From the time I began studying China\u2019s quest to intermediate<\/em> the information space of its domestic internet, as part of my classified work at the NSA, I\u2019d experience an unpleasant spinal tingle whenever I came across a new report indicating that the United States government, was, piece by piece, building out a similar technological and political infrastructure, using similar the justifications of countering terrorism, misinformation, sedition, and subjective \u201csocial harms.\u201d I don\u2019t want to be misunderstood as saying \u201cEast\u201d and \u201cWest\u201d were, or are, the same; rather, it is my belief that market forces, democratic decline, and a toxic obsession with \u201cnational security\u201d\u2014a euphemism for state supremacy\u2014are drawing the US and China to meet in the middle: a common extreme. A consensus-challenging internet is perceived by both governments as a threat to central authority, and the pervasive surveillance and speech restrictions they\u2019ve begun to mutually embrace will produce an authoritarian center of gravity that over time will compress every aspect of individual and national political differences until little distance remains.<\/p>\n

If this theory strikes you as ridiculous, it is enough for now to bear in mind that no matter how different you believe China to be from the United States, there are lessons from Ai\u2019s history that are uncomfortably easy to recognize: \u201cIf you try to understand your country,\u201d he writes, \u201cit\u2019s enough to put you on a collision course with the law.\u201d<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
One need not nail Ninety-five Theses<\/a> to the door for the church to perceive in them a threat; literacy alone may be enough to invite heresy.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

1000 Years of Joys and Sorrow<\/em>s is a memoir of a man attempting to understand his country, even as his country is trying, or purporting to try, to understand him<\/em>\u2014through surveillance and investigations, interrogations and detentions. It is also a reminder that, as during the (last) Cultural Revolution, the political battle with the highest stakes will always be waged against the imposition of a monoculture. Within a monoculture, there is tremendous pressure to participate in the enforcement of consensus<\/em> as if it were truth<\/em>, which alienates members from the possibility that truth can often stand in opposition to consensus.<\/p>\n

The vaccine against monoculture is tolerance.<\/p>\n

The message that emerges from Ai\u2019s work is that the truest resistance to the oppression of conformity is the riot of human diversity, the singular nature of the individual and their individual expression, the non-deterministic variability of things we\u2014all of us\u2014think and do and make.<\/em> Difference is the seed value<\/a> <\/em>of our human process.<\/p>\n

The public body is like Ai Weiwei\u2019s Sunflower Seeds<\/a>. <\/em>Millions of handmade, ceramic seeds\u2014identical from afar, but unique if you stopped to look, unique if you stopped to care\u2014were poured into the bank-like lobby of the Tate Modern in London. Visitors could lie in them, they could touch them, they could roll around in their bounty and be renewed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Ai Weiwei amidst Sunflower Seeds<\/p><\/div>\n

I wish I could have been there to experience it.<\/p>\n

But in consolation I have a book that has touched me, a book that I\u2019ve been reading to my son. Though he\u2019s not old enough to understand a word yet, I know he feels the sound, the vibrations of my chest, and the warmth of being held within the mystery of language.<\/p>\n

In the final pages, Ai writes a phrase that I let hang in the air: \u201cFreedom is not a goal, but a direction.\u201d<\/p>\n

And, I might add, wherever it leads you is home.<\/p>\n

________________________________________________<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Born in North Carolina in 1983 Edward Snowden, <\/em>former CIA officer and whistleblower, worked for the National Security Agency through subcontractor Booz Allen in the NSA’s Oahu (Honolulu) office, where he began collecting top-secret documents regarding NSA surveillance practices that he found disturbing. After he fled to Hong Kong\u00a0 newspapers began printing documents that he leaked to them, many detailing invasive spying practices against American citizens, world leaders, corporations and foreign governments through metadata collection of phone calls, email messages, social media activities, plus dissemination of malicious software and viruses throughout computers worldwide. The U.S. has charged Snowden under the Espionage Act but he is hailed around the world as a hero. He remains in exile in Russia, with the U.S. government working on extradition. <\/em>Snowden is the author of \u201c<\/em>Permanent Record\u201d and is the president of <\/em>Freedom of the Press Foundation<\/em><\/a>, a nonprofit that defends public-interest journalism in the 21st century. <\/em><\/p>\n

Go to Original – edwardsnowden.substack.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

10 Nov 2021 – Freedom Is Not a Goal, but a Direction<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":199201,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[244,290,1452,328,260,70],"class_list":["post-199200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-in-focus","tag-china","tag-culture","tag-edward-snowden","tag-freedom","tag-history","tag-usa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=199200"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199200\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/199201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=199200"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=199200"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=199200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}