{"id":204935,"date":"2022-02-14T12:00:06","date_gmt":"2022-02-14T12:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=204935"},"modified":"2022-02-10T09:48:44","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T09:48:44","slug":"can-peace-be-researched","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/02\/can-peace-be-researched\/","title":{"rendered":"Can Peace Be Researched?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Revisiting a 55-Year-Old TV Program<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>13 Dec 2021 &#8211; <\/em>I was reminded recently that a 55-year-old TV program about PRIO and peace research is currently available on the website of NRK, Norway\u2019s public radio and TV company. <a href=\"https:\/\/tv.nrk.no\/serie\/kan-freden-forskese\/1966\/FOLA66001866\/avspiller\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">You can access it here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10468\" class=\"wp-caption image-width-730 alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-article-width-730 wp-image-10468\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.prio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/x4WiMbmi7PGcAGPJbiLawVgI-1G8no7u7kCSDiQ46CI_A-730x411.jpg.pagespeed.ic.E_l1GgSlox.webp\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.prio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/x4WiMbmi7PGcAGPJbiLawVgI-1G8no7u7kCSDiQ46CI_A-730x411.jpg.pagespeed.ic.E_l1GgSlox.webp 730w, https:\/\/blogs.prio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/x4WiMbmi7PGcAGPJbiLawVgI-1G8no7u7kCSDiQ46CI_A-300x169.jpg.pagespeed.ic.EGmaFS7SLU.webp 300w, https:\/\/blogs.prio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/x4WiMbmi7PGcAGPJbiLawVgI-1G8no7u7kCSDiQ46CI_A-768x432.jpg.pagespeed.ic.lcYNpiUqm5.webp 768w, https:\/\/blogs.prio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/x4WiMbmi7PGcAGPJbiLawVgI-1G8no7u7kCSDiQ46CI_A-584x329.jpg.pagespeed.ic.ZClQxIXfSo.webp 584w, https:\/\/blogs.prio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/x4WiMbmi7PGcAGPJbiLawVgI-1G8no7u7kCSDiQ46CI_A-292x164.jpg.pagespeed.ic.UlCwITjC3i.webp 292w, https:\/\/blogs.prio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/x4WiMbmi7PGcAGPJbiLawVgI-1G8no7u7kCSDiQ46CI_A-365x205.jpg.pagespeed.ic.1mxheBr_Wc.webp 365w, https:\/\/blogs.prio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/x4WiMbmi7PGcAGPJbiLawVgI-1G8no7u7kCSDiQ46CI_A.jpg.pagespeed.ic.8_iyiboeqF.webp 960w\" alt=\"\" width=\"730\" height=\"411\" data-pagespeed-url-hash=\"750722713\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Johan Galtung in the TV programme from 1966.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The two-part program was broadcast on 18 and 25 October 1966. NRK does not have any information about when it was shot, but papers in PRIO\u2019s old files indicate that it was probably earlier in the fall, while a long sequence from an inter-nation simulation exercise was recorded in the spring the same year [1].<\/p>\n<p>The program is moderated by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mette_Janson\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mette Janson<\/a> with extensive narration by PRIO\u2019s founder and then director, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prio.org\/people\/5704\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Johan Galtung<\/a>.<span id=\"more-10466\"><\/span> It provides a broad and informative overview of PRIO\u2019s research agenda in the early years. Except for a short interview in English with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prio.org\/people\/5054\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Malvern Lumsden<\/a>, it\u2019s all in Norwegian, of course.<\/p>\n<p>A number of participants are named in the program, but many are not, and NRK has no additional names on file. I have been able to identify most of them (see footnote 1). And in case you wonder, I appear anonymously as the editor of <em>World Times<\/em> in the simulation sequence at 21:40 into the second part.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<aside class=\"pullquote right\"><em><strong>It is quite remarkable that NRK devoted 2 x 35 minutes to a program about peace research<\/strong><\/em><\/aside>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>It is quite remarkable that NRK devoted 2 x 35 minutes to a program about peace research. At the time, Norway had a single TV channel (and a single radio channel). The total daily transmission time on weekdays was a little more than 4 hours. Nevertheless, a 35 minute sequence in prime time was devoted to a presentation of academic pursuit in a new and untested branch of social science. In the interest of transparency, I hasten to add that Mette Janson was my second cousin, while disclaiming any credit for acquiring so much publicity for PRIO.<\/p>\n<p>Although only half of all Norwegian households had access to TV in 1966, we may assume that a sizeable fraction of what at the time would have been called \u2018the enlightened public\u2019 would have watched the program.<\/p>\n<p>The program is a product of its time. Mette Janson\u2019s interview style is polite and largely deferential. \u2018Hardtalk\u2019 or even investigative journalism were not yet on NRK\u2019s agenda. All those interviewed are addressed in the polite form (De, Dem), which has gone almost extinct in the half-century that has passed since then. Although two of PRIO\u2019s pioneer women researchers present their findings at some length, a generic researcher is routinely referred to as \u2018he\u2019, as are members of Parliament (\u2018Stortingsmenn\u2019). The villages in the Norwegian aid project area in Kerala are characterized as \u2018backward\u2019 by social anthropologist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prio.org\/people\/6363\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arne Martin Klausen<\/a>, and early civilizations are labelled \u2018primitive\u2019 by Johan Galtung (but they are credited with being less warlike), both acceptable terms at the time.<\/p>\n<p>PRIO was founded in 1959 as a section of the Institute for Social Research and got a boost in 1964 with the first grants from the publicly funded Council for Conflict and Peace Research. But by 1966, PRIO had become an independent institute and experienced rapid growth. The TV program presents a research environment with enthusiasm, optimism, and increasing self-confidence.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<aside class=\"pullquote right\"><em><strong>The TV program presents a research environment with enthusiasm, optimism, and increasing self-confidence.<\/strong><\/em><\/aside>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Naturally, the entrepreneurial Johan Galtung plays the main role in the program. He lectures on 30 models of peace and present his model of a stratified world order and studies of international news, both precursors of some of his early and still most-cited articles in <em>Journal of Peace Research<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>As one of the students who sat at his feet at the time, I can only hope that the program conveys some of his magic appeal as a researcher and as a public speaker. I am tempted to think of him as a benign version of the Pied Piper of Hamelin, who kidnapped all the town\u2019s children with his alluring tune.\u00a0 With the obvious caveat that most of Galtung\u2019s young followers were only captured by the tune for a time and eventually left the piper, some quickly, others after several years. It is also typical of Galtung\u2019s generosity at the time that he encouraged younger collaborators to present their own research; a case in point being Ottar Hellevik, 23 at the time, and eventually professor of political science at the University of Oslo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>NOTE:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0For nerds: A memo in Norwegian with extensive details about names, when they appear in the program, and other matters, <a href=\"https:\/\/files.prio.org\/blogs\/Gleditsch-Kan-freden-forskes.pdf\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is available HERE<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>________________________________________-<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Nils-Petter-Gleditsch-prio.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-204936\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Nils-Petter-Gleditsch-prio.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"119\" height=\"119\" \/><\/a>Nils Petter Gleditsch, former director of the Peace Research Institute Oslo, is a Norwegian sociologist, political scientist, and a research professor at PRIO. In 2009 he was awarded the annual Award for Outstanding Research by the Research Council of Norway. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.prio.org\/2021\/12\/can-peace-be-researched-revisiting-a-55-year-old-tv-program\/\" >Go to Original &#8211; prio.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Revisiting a 55-Year-Old TV Program<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":131015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[2421,809,877],"class_list":["post-204935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tms-peace-journalism","tag-institute-for-peace-research-in-oslo-prio","tag-johan-galtung","tag-peace-research"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=204935"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204935\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/131015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=204935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=204935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=204935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}