{"id":206123,"date":"2022-03-07T12:00:24","date_gmt":"2022-03-07T12:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=206123"},"modified":"2022-03-05T06:29:57","modified_gmt":"2022-03-05T06:29:57","slug":"on-humiliation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/03\/on-humiliation\/","title":{"rendered":"On Humiliation"},"content":{"rendered":"

28 Feb 2022 – <\/em>The Mafia is not known for its creative use of language beyond terms like \u2018hitman,\u2019 \u2018go to the mattresses,\u201d \u2018living with the fishes\u2019 and suchlike. There are, though, a few pithy sayings that carry enduring wisdom. One concerns honor and revenge: \u2018If you are going to humiliate someone publicly in a really crass manner, make sure that he doesn\u2019t survive to take his inevitable revenge.\u201d Violate it at your peril. \u00a0That enduring truth has been demonstrated by Russia\u2019s actions in the Ukraine which, to a great extent \u2013 are the culmination of the numerous humiliations that the West, under American instigation, has inflicted on Russia\u2019s rulers and the country as a whole over the past 30 years.<\/p>\n

They have been treated as a sinner sentenced to accept the role of a penitent who clad in sackcloth, marked with ashes, is expected to appear among the nations with head bowed forever. No right to have its own interests, its own security concerns or even its own opinions. Few in the West questioned the viability of such a prescription for a country of 160 million, territorially the biggest in the world, possessing vast resources of critical value to other industrial nations, technologically sophisticated and custodian of 3,000 + nuclear weapons. No mafia don would have been that obtuse. But our rulers are cut from a different cloth even if their strut and conceit often matches that of the capos in important respects.<\/p>\n

This is not to say that Russia\u2019s political class has been bent on revenge for a decade or two \u2013 like France after its humiliation by Prussia in 1871, like Germany after its humiliation in 1918-1919, or like \u2018Bennie from the Bronx\u2019 beaten up in front of his girlfriend\u00a0\u00a0by Al Pacino in\u00a0Carlito\u2019s Way<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0Quite the opposite, for almost a decade Boris Yeltsin was content to play Falstaff to any American President who came along just for the sake of being accepted into his company (and allowing himself to be robbed blind in the process \u2013 economically and diplomatically). The West nostalgically celebrates the Yeltsin years as the Golden Age of Russian Democracy \u2013 an age when life expectancy dropped sharply, when alcoholism rose and mental health declined, when the tanking economy threw millions into poverty, when criminality of every kind ravaged society, when celebrity oligarchs strutted their stuff, when the Presidential chauffeur was the most influential man in the country, and when everyone was free to declaim since nobody else heard him in the din of their own voices.\u00a0You can\u2019t make an omelet without breaking a few eggs<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 to coin a phrase.<\/p>\n

Vladimir Putin, of course, was made of sterner stuff. He put an end to the buffoonery, successfully took on the Herculean task of reconstituting Russia as a viable state, and presented himself as ruler of an equal sovereign in cultivating relations with his neighbors.\u00a0\u00a0In addition, he insisted that the civil rights and culture of Russians stranded in the Near Abroad be respected.<\/p>\n

Still, he gave no sign by word or deed that he contemplated using coercive means to restore the integration of Russian and Ukraine that had existed for more than 300 years. True, he opposed Western attempts to sever the ties between the two by incorporating Ukraine into their collective institutions \u2013 most notably the NATO declaration of 2008 stating that Ukraine (along with Georgia) were in the alliance\u2019s antechamber being readied for entrance. Putin\u2019s restraint contrasted with the audacity of Washington and its European subordinates who instigated the Maidan coup toppling the democratically elected President and promoting an American puppet in his place.\u00a0\u00a0In effect, the United States has been Ukraine\u2019s overseer ever since \u2013 a sort of absentee landlord.<\/p>\n

Putin\u2019s views about the preferred principles of organization and conduct that should govern inter-state relations have been elaborated in a series of speeches and articles over the years. The picture it draws is far different from the cartoonish distortion created and disseminated in the West. It clearly delineates ways and means to constrain and limit the element of conflict, above all military conflict, the requirement for rules-of-the-road that should serve as the systems software, the necessity of recognizing that the future will be more multipolar \u2013 yet more multilateral \u2013 than it has been since 1991. At the same time, he stresses that every state has its legitimate national interests and the right to promote them as a sovereign entity so long as it does not endanger world peace and stability. Russia has that right on an equal basis with every other state.\u00a0 It also has the right to order its public life as it deems best suits its circumstances.<\/p>\n

Western leaders and political class generally, have not accepted those propositions. Nor have they ever shown a modicum of interest in accepting Moscow\u2019s repeated, open invitation to discuss them. Rather, every attempt by Russia to act in accordance with that logic has been viewed through a glass darkly \u2013 interpreted as confirmation of Russia as an outlaw state whose dictatorial leader is bent on restoring a malign Russian influence dedicated to undermining the good works of the Western democracies.<\/p>\n

This attitude has progressively lowered the bar on accusation and insult directed at Russia and Putin personally. For Hillary Clinton he was \u201ca new Hitler\u201d as far back as 2016, for Joe Biden he was a \u2018killer,\u2019 for Congress members a Satan using a bag of diabolical instruments to corrupt and destroy American democracy. For all of them, a tyrant turning Russia back to the political dark ages after the glowing democratic spring of the Yeltsin years, an assassin \u2013 albeit an inept one whose targeted victims somehow survived in unnatural numbers, for the Pentagon a growing menace who moved rapidly up the enemies list \u2013 displacing Islamic terrorism by 2017 and vying with China for the top spot ever since.<\/p>\n

The obsession with Putin the Evil spread as Washington pushed its allies hard to join in the denunciation.\u00a0It became the fashion.\u00a0The grossness of their personal attacks on Putin matched the ever-expanding scope of the accusations. In recent years, no election could be held in Europe without the leveling of charges that the Kremlin was \u2018interfering\u2019 by some unspecified means or other \u2013 and at Putin\u2019s personal direction. The absence of evidence was irrelevant. Russia became the\u00a0pinata<\/em>\u00a0there to be bashed whenever one felt the urge or saw a domestic political advantage.<\/p>\n

None of the above discussion is meant to suggest that Russia\u2019s foreign policy, in particular the invasion of Ukraine, can be personalized or reduced to the level of feelings and emotions. Putin himself constantly displays an exceptional emotional and intellectual discipline. Putin is not a \u2018Benny from the Bronx.\u2019 He does not act on impulse nor does he allow his judgment to be clouded by considerations of a purely individual nature. Russia had tangible grounds for concerns about the implications of developments in Ukraine and trends in Eastern Europe generally that jeopardized the country\u2019s security interests. The thinking of Putin and his associates about how to deal with them expressed carefully thought-out analyses and strategies \u2013 as surely did the eventual decision to take military action.<\/p>\n

Revenge\u00a0per se<\/em>\u00a0was less significant than what Western treatment of Russia since 1991 augured for the future. In other words, the constant reinforcement of hostile images and intentions, as felt by Moscow, via the steady barrage of attacks and accusations colored the way that Russian leaders assayed the prospects for alleviating the threats they saw in Western actions \u2013 including their conduct throughout 2022.<\/p>\n

Conclusion\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

The West had a variety of options for addressing the Russia question after 1991. One was to take advantage of its weakness to the fullest and to treat the country as a second-class nation in the American directed world system. That was the strategy we chose. It inescapably meant humiliation. What we didn\u2019t recognize is that in doing so we were planting the seeds of future hostility. Over the years, every sign of a Russia rising from the ashes fed latent, if inchoate, fears of the bear coming out of hibernation. Instead of recognizing that the post-Yeltsin political elite resented the decade of disparagement and humiliation, and taking steps to compensate for it (e.g. carving out a place for Russia in Europe\u2019s post-Cold War political configuration), anxiety led the West down the exact opposite course. Putin\u2019s Russia was painted in ever more frightening caricatures while shunning became the order of the day.<\/p>\n

Demonstrations of Russia\u2019s growing self-confidence, and unwillingness to be pushed around \u2013 as in southern Ossetia in 2008 and then more stunningly in Syria in 2015, quickly evoked all the old Cold War images and set the pre-primed alarm bells ringing. Ignorance of Russian realities, coupled with the demonization of Putin whose actual thoughts didn\u2019t interest them, Western leaders and pundits fretted that their master plan for an American overseen global system was being jeopardized. Now from the old enemy \u2013 Russia, and the new enemy \u2013 China.\u00a0\u00a0One set of anxieties reinforces the other.<\/p>\n

Back in the 1990s, the humiliation of Russia logically could have been followed by the traditional mafia act of termination. Forestall any form of retaliation by killing off the victim. Of course, it is a lot harder to liquidate a country than an individual and his close associates. It has been done, though. Think of Rome razing Carthage. After victory in the Second Punic War, the Romans were in a position to act on Cato\u2019s admonition: \u201cCarthage must die !\u201d Legend has it that they sowed the fields with salt. That, of course, is nonsense \u2013 the Romans were not that dumb. The Carthogenian lands became one of the empire\u2019s two great granaries. They reconstituted the state and put in place a security apparatus that served their practical interests. (Rome didn\u2019t even have to repopulate the place since most of the inhabitants were partially \u2018Punicized\u2019 ethnic Berbers who gradually became partially Romanized Berbers. As, today, Maghrebis are Arabized Berbers for the most part). Roman pragmatism, in this respect, can be contrasted with Germany\u2019s readiness to cut itself off from vitally needed Russian natural gas supplies; admittedly, the Romans were not obeying orders from a United States that doesn\u2019t rely on energy resources from Russia.<\/p>\n

Genghis Khan and the Golden Horde, too, acted in accordance with their version of the liquidation strategy. It worked. The Abbasid dynasty and all the other states they destroyed never were in a position to wreak revenge. The Mongols and their Turkic auxiliaries avoided retribution and suffering at the vengeful hands of the countries they ravaged.<\/p>\n

There are other methods as well for permanently eliminating a foe. Genocide is the most extreme \u2013 as implemented by Belgium in the Congo, the Germans in Namibia and the European occupiers of North America. Dismemberment is another. The tripartite division and annexation of Poland is the outstanding example. The total breakup of Ottoman Turkey as envisaged at Versailles is another.<\/p>\n

A few people in Washington did promote the idea of executing a similar strategy against the Soviet Union\/Russia. Beyond enlarging NATO so as to render prospects for a Russian revival as a European power nugatory, they envisaged breaking up the country into a number of fragmented parts. The Polish-born Zbigniew Brzezinski is the best known of these radical advocates of territorial mutilation. Washington\u2019s unrelenting efforts to build an permanent wall between Ukraine and Russia grows out of this soil; so, too, assiduous efforts to provide aid and comfort to anti-Russian elements in Georgia, Azerbaijan, Belarus and Kazakhstan (as recent events in the last three signify).<\/p>\n

The Western approach toward post-Soviet Russia which entailed marginalization and attendant humiliation was favored for a number of reasons, as summarized above. We should add that there was an additional, facilitating factor at work. The chosen strategy was much easier to implement \u2013 intellectually and diplomatically. Its simplicity appealed to Western leaders sorely lacking in the attributes of astute statesmanship. That disability skews their attitudes and policies to this day.<\/p>\n

________________________________________________<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> Michael Brenner is professor of international affairs at the University of Pittsburgh; a senior fellow at the Center for Transatlantic Relations, SAIS-Johns Hopkins (Washington, D.C.), contributor to research and consulting projects on Euro-American security and economic issues. Publishes and teaches in the fields of US foreign policy, Euro-American relations, and the European Union. mbren@pitt.edu<\/a> – <\/strong><\/em>More<\/a>\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

28 Feb 2022 – Russia\u2019s actions in the Ukraine, to a great extent, are the culmination of the numerous humiliations that the West, under American instigation, has inflicted on Russia\u2019s rulers and the country as a whole over the past 30 years.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":125356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[2197,253,278,70],"class_list":["post-206123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-in-focus","tag-biden","tag-putin","tag-russia","tag-usa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/206123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=206123"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/206123\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/125356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=206123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=206123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=206123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}