{"id":223668,"date":"2022-11-14T12:00:32","date_gmt":"2022-11-14T12:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=223668"},"modified":"2025-01-10T15:06:32","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T15:06:32","slug":"market-lords-much-more-than-a-war-behind-worlds-food-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/11\/market-lords-much-more-than-a-war-behind-worlds-food-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Market Lords, Much more than a War, behind World\u2019s Food Crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>11 Nov 2022 &#8211; <\/em>While grain exports continue to regularly flow to world\u2019s markets since the July 2022 Turkey-brokered agreement between Russia and Ukraine to resume cereals and fertilisers shipments from both countries, food prices are still skyrocketing everywhere. How come?<\/p>\n<div class=\"featimg\" align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-storypage_img  wp-post-image aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/Library\/2022\/11\/8734097064_1429fb8c0b_z-629x408-629x408.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"326\" height=\"212\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>In each of the three global food crises studied, financial speculation has caused steep increases in prices, making food inaccessible to hundreds of millions of people. Credit: Bigstock<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The handiest answer by establishment politicians and media is that it\u2019s all about the Russian invasion of Ukraine last February.<\/p>\n<p>Another argument they use is that it is Russia who interrupted its gas and oil exports, omitting the fact that it is West US-led sanctions that have drastically cut this flow to mostly European markets, causing a steady rise in energy costs, food transportation, etcetera.<span id=\"more-231155\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Nonetheless, such answers clearly ignore other structural causes: the dominant markets\u2019 shocking speculations.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is true that the Russian invasion against Ukraine disrupted global markets, and that prices are skyrocketing. But that also tells us that markets are part of the problem,\u201d last April<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-05\/UNSC-Aria-Hunger-Conflict.pdf\" > warned Michael Fakhri, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, 2022<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><em><b>Political failure<\/b><\/em><\/h3>\n<p>In his report to the United Nations Security Council, the Special Rapporteur stated that hunger and famine, like conflicts, are always the result of \u201cpolitical failures.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Specifically, explains Michael Fakhri, \u201cMarkets are amplifying shocks and not absorbing them\u2026 food prices are soaring not because of a problem with supply and demand as such; it is because of price speculation in commodity futures markets.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><em><b>Blocking the solutions<\/b><\/em><\/h3>\n<p>The current food crisis is caused by \u201cinternational failures,\u201d he said, while providing two points in conclusion:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For over two years, people and civil society organisations around the world have been raising the alarm about the food crisis. For over two years, they have been calling for an international coordinated response to the food crisis.<\/li>\n<li>And yet Member States have refused to mobilise the Rome-based agencies and other UN organisations to respond to the food crisis in a coordinated way.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>According to<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-05\/UNSC-Aria-Hunger-Conflict.pdf\" > Michael Fakhri<\/a>, some Member States and civil society organisations tried to get the CFS to pass a resolution last October in order for it to be the place to enable global policy coordination around the food crisis.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd yet some powerful countries \u2013 some members of the P5 <i>[the five permanent, veto-holder powers]<\/i>\u2013 actively blocked that initiative. This undermined the world\u2019s ability to respond to the food crisis.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>A small number of corporations exercise a high degree of influence over the global industrial food system, powered by mergers and acquisitions of one another to form giant mega-corporations, which enable further concentration horizontally and vertically, as well as influence over policy-making and governance nationally and globally.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><em><b>Food \u201cnationalism\u201d<\/b><\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Meanwhile, in a 7 November 2022<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/focusweb.org\/pro-corporate-multilateralism-and-food-insecurity\/#_edn11\" > dossier by<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/focusweb.org\/\" > Focus on the Global South<\/a>, Shalmali Guttal warned that a perfect storm is brewing in the global food system, pushing food prices to record high levels, and expanding hunger.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs international institutions struggle to respond, some governments have resorted to knee-jerk \u2018food nationalism\u2019 by placing export bans to preserve their own food supplies and stabilise prices\u2026.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In its dossier, researchers from Focus on the Global South write about various aspects of the current crisis, its causes, and how it is impacting countries in Asia.<\/p>\n<h3><em><b>Corporations fuelling the crisis<\/b><\/em><\/h3>\n<p>These include regional analysis, case studies from Sri Lanka, Philippines and India, \u201cthe role of corporations in fuelling the crisis and the flawed responses of international institutions such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the Bretton Woods Institutions and United Nations agencies.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The recently released<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cc0640en\" > State of Food Insecurity and Nutrition in the World 2022 (SOFI 2022<\/a>) report presents a sobering picture of the failure of global efforts to end hunger, malnutrition and food insecurity. According to SOFI 21, \u201ceven before the Covid-19 pandemic struck in 2020, world hunger levels were abysmally high.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><em><b>Markets concentration and speculation<\/b><\/em><\/h3>\n<p>In their recent analysis:<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindubusinessline.com\/opinion\/a-food-crisis-not-of-their-making\/article65911286.ece\" > A food crisis not of their making<\/a>,<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindubusinessline.com\/profile\/author\/CP-Chandrasekhar-13976\/\" > CP Chandrasekhar<\/a> and<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindubusinessline.com\/profile\/author\/Jayati-Ghosh-9932\/\" > Jayati Ghosh<\/a>, said:<\/p>\n<p>Governments, and multilateral and international agencies are by and large apportioning the lion\u2019s share of the blame for the current world food crisis to global supply shortages arising from the war on Ukraine, ignoring the persisting impacts in low- and middle-income countries of \u201cthe market forces of concentration and speculation, of globally determined macroeconomic processes, and the collapse of livelihood opportunities affecting these countries in the post-Covid world.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><em><b>World food system dominated by markets<\/b><\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Central to recurring food price volatility, food crises and the entrenchment of hunger and food insecurity are \u201cmarket structures, regulations, and trade and finance arrangements that bolster a global corporate-dominated industrial food system, and enable market concentration and financial speculation in commodity markets.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em><b>Excessive speculation<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, an analysis by the<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ipbes.net\/\" > International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (IPES-Food<\/a>) indicates that the kind of \u201cexcessive speculation\u201d seen in 2007-2008 that triggered food price spikes may be back.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMultilevel market concentration and financial speculation on commodity markets have played pivotal roles in past and the present food crises and present grave threats to the realisation of the Right to Food.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In addition, a historical examination of food crises over the past 50 years by professor<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/uwaterloo.ca\/environment-resources-and-sustainability\/profiles\/jennifer-clapp\" > Jennifer Clapp<\/a> shows that the global industrial food system has been rendered more prone to price volatility and more susceptible to crises because of three interrelated manifestations of corporate concentration:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>First, the global industrial food system relies on a small number of staple grains produced using highly industrialised farming methods, making the system susceptible to events that affect just a handful of crops and to rising costs of industrial farm inputs.<\/li>\n<li>Second, a small number of countries specialise in the production of staple grains for export, on which many other countries depend, including many of the poorest and most food-insecure countries.<\/li>\n<li>And third, the global grain trade is dominated by a small number of firms in highly financialized commodity markets that are prone to volatility (IPES-Food 2022; FAO 2022; OECD and FAO 2020).\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><em><b>Mega corporations<\/b><\/em><\/h3>\n<p>On this, Jennifer Clapp, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/uwaterloo.ca\/environment-resources-and-sustainability\/profiles\/jennifer-clapp\" >professor and Canada Research Chair, School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability<\/a>, explains that \u201ca small number of corporations exercise a high degree of influence over the global industrial food system, powered by mergers and acquisitions of one another to form giant mega-corporations, which enable further concentration horizontally and vertically, as well as influence over policy-making and governance nationally and globally.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>According to Clapp, \u201cfour grain trading corporations\u2013 Archer-Daniels Midland, Bunge, Cargill and Dreyfus, called the \u2018ABCD\u2019\u2013 control 70-90 % of the grain trade.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>As \u201ccross-sectoral value chain managers\u201d these grain trading giants are able to compile large amounts of market data, but are under no obligation to disclose this information and can hold stocks until prices have peaked, explains the expert.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201cAnd in each of the three global food crises studied, financial speculation has caused steep increases in prices, making food inaccessible to hundreds of millions of people.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><em>_____________________________________________<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/baher-kamal-e1508574091525.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-100598\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/baher-kamal-e1508574091525.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"179\" \/><\/a> Baher Kamal, <\/em><em>a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" >TRANSCEND Network for Peace Development Environment<\/a><em>, <\/em><em>is an Egyptian-born, Spanish national, secular journalist, with over 45 years of professional experience \u2014 from reporter to special envoy to chief editor of national dailies and an international news agency. Baher is former <\/em><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/author\/baher-kamal\/\" >Senior Advisor<\/a> <\/em><em>to the Director General of the international news agency <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/\" >IPS (Inter Press Service)<\/a> and he also contributed to prestigious magazines such as <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/\" >TRANSCEND Media Service<\/a>, GEO, Muy Interesante, <em>and<\/em> Natura, <em>Spain<\/em>. <em>He is also publisher and editor of<\/em> Human Wrongs Watch.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/human-wrongs-watch.net\/2022\/11\/11\/market-lords-much-more-than-a-war-behind-worlds-food-crisis\/\" >Go to Original \u2013 human-wrongs-watch.net<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>11 Nov 2022 &#8211; While grain exports continue to flow to world\u2019s markets, and Turkey-brokered agreement between Russia and Ukraine to resume cereals and fertilisers shipments from both countries, food prices are still skyrocketing. How come? \u201cIn each of the three global food crises studied, financial speculation has caused steep increases in prices, making food inaccessible to hundreds of millions of people.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":100598,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[2170,2352,232,550,555,562,626,1966,610,2198,2060,1714,1213,1160],"class_list":["post-223668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transcend-members","tag-big-banks","tag-big-food","tag-capitalism","tag-corruption","tag-elites","tag-finance","tag-greed","tag-hunger","tag-inequality","tag-post-capitalism","tag-profits","tag-right-to-food","tag-super-rich","tag-world-order"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223668","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=223668"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223668\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":284590,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223668\/revisions\/284590"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=223668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=223668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=223668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}