{"id":239921,"date":"2023-07-24T12:00:48","date_gmt":"2023-07-24T11:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=239921"},"modified":"2023-07-22T09:31:06","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T08:31:06","slug":"this-week-in-history-161","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/07\/this-week-in-history-161\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"
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24 July 1929:<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 “1929<\/a>\u00a0US President\u00a0Herbert Hoover<\/a>\u00a0proclaims Kellogg-Briand Pact<\/b><\/i> which renounces war” (\u00a0Historical Events on July 24 – On This Day<\/a> )\u00a0 See the transcript of the proclamation (= President Hoover’s speech)\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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24 July 1929: Address on Kellogg-Briand Pact | Miller Center<\/a>
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What is the Kellogg-Briand Pact<\/b><\/i>?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Text:\u00a0 Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928 (sdsu.edu)<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 Wikipedia:\u00a0\u00a0Kellogg\u2013Briand Pact – Wikipedia<\/a><\/div>\n
By the way, as you may know, even though the Kellogg-Briand Pact<\/i> was eventually unimplemented, it became the backbone of the Article 9 of the Peace Constitution of Japan.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n
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Article 9.\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n
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Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized<\/a>.<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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The first paragraph of the Article 9<\/b><\/i> was drafted by Charles Kades#)<\/i><\/b>, Harvard Law School graduated lawyer.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>He prepared the draft based on the Kellogg-Briand Pact.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n
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See ->>>\u00a0In 1946 U.S. Army Colonel Charles Kades drafted article 9 of this country’s constitution which renounces war – FinalJeopardy.org<\/a>
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Also see ->>>\u00a0\u00a0Making the Japanese Constitution: Col. Kades interviewed by Prof. Haley – YouTube<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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The second paragraph of the Article 9 <\/b><\/i>was added by Kijuro Shidehara.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n
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See ->>>\u00a0 Kijuro Shidehara: An Internationalist Who Embraced the Peace Clause | SpringerLink<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n
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Also see ->>> Japan\u2019s Peacemaker: Shidehara Kijuro and the Origins of Article 9 \u2013 Kyoto Journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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Perhaps, it\u00a0can be said that\u00a0Article 9<\/b>, especially its first paragraph, stemmed from\u00a0the Pact<\/b>\u00a0via Kades,\u00a0<\/b>whereas its second paragraph<\/i><\/b> stemmed from Shidehara.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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Some media reported that Kades had a Japanese lover, Countess Tsuruyo Torio<\/i>, when he was in Japan. It was reported that he took Torio from her husband by using his political power.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kades’ case has been considered that one of the examples that even American officials, when they were in Japan, had the so-called comfort women.\u00a0\u00a0When Americans refer to the cases of the Korean comfort women for the Japanese soldiers during WWII, the Japanese Government refers to Kades’ case.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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See ->>> “A famous episode in Kades’ life involved an affair with Torio Tsuruyo<\/i>….”\u00a0\u00a0Charles Louis Kades – Wikipedia<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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24 July 1959:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev have a \u201ckitchen debate\u201d (history.com)<\/a>\u00a0->>> Cold War Era!<\/span><\/p>\n

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25 July 1945:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Truman drops hint to Stalin about a “terrible” new weapon (history.com)<\/a>\u00a0 ->>> Atomic Bombs!<\/span><\/div>\n
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25 July 1969:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 The Nixon Doctrine is announced (history.com)<\/a>\u00a0 ->>> Vietnam War!\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
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26 July 1908:<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0FBI founded (history.com)<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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26 July 1947:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>President Truman signs the National Security Act (history.com)<\/a>\u00a0->>> Cold War!<\/span><\/div>\n
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27 July 1953:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Armistice ends Korean War hostilities (history.com)<\/a>\u00a0 ->>> Korean War!<\/span><\/p>\n

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28 July 1914:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia (history.com)<\/a>\u00a0 ->>> World War I<\/span><\/p>\n

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28 July 1943:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Stalin issues Order No. 227\u2014outlawing cowards (history.com)<\/a>\u00a0->>> World War II<\/div>\n
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28 July 1965:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0President Johnson announces more troops to Vietnam (history.com)<\/a>\u00a0->>> Vietnam War<\/div>\n
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29 July 1905:<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 Swedish economist and statesman\u00a0Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld<\/a>, who served as the second secretary-general (1953\u201361) of the\u00a0United Nations<\/a>\u00a0and received the 1961\u00a0Nobel Peace Prize<\/a><\/span>, was born. ( ->>>\u00a0On This Day – What Happened on July 29 | Britannica<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
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29 July 1913:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Albania<\/a>\u00a0was formally recognized by the major European powers as an independent principality following the issuance of the\u00a0Vlor\u00eb proclamation<\/a>.\u00a0 (On This Day – What Happened on July 29 | Britannica<\/a>\u00a0)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
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29 July 1921:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Adolf Hitler becomes the leader of the Nazi Party (history.com)<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
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29 July 1958:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0NASA Created (history.com)<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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30 July 1898:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0‘Iron Chancellor’ Bismarck Dies – On This Day<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Now, the U.S.,NATO, Uk<\/span>raine and their followers (such as Japan) are fighting (politically and\/or militarily) with Russia.\u00a0 These countries should remember Bismarck’s words: “Never fight with Russian<\/i>.”\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span>https:\/\/www.azquotes.com\/quote\/1415030<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n
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“Hungarian PM Viktor Orban has pledged not to\u00a0\u201cfight\u201d\u00a0Russia or let the country get dragged into the Ukraine conflict as long as his government remains in power<\/i>.”\u00a0NATO member warns it will never fight Russia \u2014 RT World News<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
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_____________________________________________<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Satoshi Ashikaga is <\/i><\/span><\/span>a member of the <\/i><\/span><\/span>TRANSCEND Network for Peace Development Environment<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>. Having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, he prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.\u00a0 His interest and\/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project\/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental\/ecological issues, audio\/visual documentation of nature and culture, and more.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

24 Jul —> 30 Jul<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":62806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[260],"class_list":["post-239921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=239921"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":239932,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239921\/revisions\/239932"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=239921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=239921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=239921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}