{"id":241701,"date":"2023-08-14T12:02:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T11:02:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=241701"},"modified":"2023-08-10T06:07:22","modified_gmt":"2023-08-10T05:07:22","slug":"from-chi-town-bagman-to-ecowas-chairman-meet-the-former-money-launderer-leading-the-push-to-invade-niger","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/08\/from-chi-town-bagman-to-ecowas-chairman-meet-the-former-money-launderer-leading-the-push-to-invade-niger\/","title":{"rendered":"From Chi-Town Bagman to ECOWAS Chairman: Meet the Former Money Launderer Leading the Push to Invade Niger"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><em>Since the overthrow of Niger\u2019s US-friendly government, West African nations of the ECOWAS bloc have threatened an invasion of their neighbor. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Before leading the charge for intervention, ECOWAS chair Bola Tinubu spent years laundering millions for heroin dealers in Chicago, and has since been ensnared in numerous corruption scandals.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_241738\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asiwaju-Bola-Tinubu.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-241738\" class=\"wp-image-241738\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asiwaju-Bola-Tinubu.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asiwaju-Bola-Tinubu.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asiwaju-Bola-Tinubu-300x172.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-241738\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bola Tinubu &#8211; Nigeria&#8217;s President and Chairman of ECOWAS<br \/>Photo: Punch Newspapers<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>5 Aug 2023 &#8211;<\/em> Hours after Niger\u2019s Western-backed leader was detained by the country\u2019s presidential guard on July 28, Nigerian President and chair of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Bola Tinubu leapt into action, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/top-news\/612050-tinubu-speaks-on-coup-attempt-in-niger.html\" >warning<\/a> that the group of nations \u201cwill not tolerate any situation that incapacitates the democratically-elected government.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs the Chairperson of ECOWAS\u2026I state without equivocation that Nigeria stands firmly with the elected government in Niger.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Two days later, ECOWAS <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/what-sanctions-have-been-imposed-niger-since-coup-2023-07-31\/\" >imposed<\/a> severe sanctions on Niger, and the bloc issued a stark ultimatum: if the newly-inaugurated junta won\u2019t reinstall the ousted president in a week\u2019s time, the group\u2019s pro-Western African governments will \u2014 by military means, if necessary.<\/p>\n<p>On Saturday, July 6 \u2014 one day before the deadline \u2014 ECOWAS leaders <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2023\/08\/05\/ecowas-leaders-agree-plan-for-military-action-after-niger-coup-as-deadline-approaches\" >approved<\/a> a plan to invade the country, with the ominous caveat that they are \u201cnot going to tell the coup plotters when and where we are going to strike.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>If ECOWAS gets its way, member states Benin, Cabo Verde, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal and Togo will be pressured to send their soldiers to invade Niger.<\/p>\n<p>These developments have thrust the typically-overlooked West African country of Niger into the Western media spotlight. But if hostilities break out, it wouldn\u2019t just be one single impoverished African state in the crosshairs.<\/p>\n<p>Neighboring Burkina Faso, Mali and Guinea, which are also governed by military administrations that recently seized power by force, have all warned that any attack on Niger will be viewed as an attack on them too. If their ECOWAS rivals make the first move, the nations which mainstream media have dubbed Africa\u2019s \u201ccoup belt\u201d have pledged to unleash their military forces as well \u2014 an announcement which should end any illusions that restoring the country\u2019s previous president would be a painless process.<\/p>\n<p>Leading the pro-Western coalition is the president of its most powerful country, Nigeria: Bola Tinubu. One of Nigeria\u2019s wealthiest men, the source of the scandal-plagued president\u2019s fortune remains unclear.<\/p>\n<p>Documents reviewed by The Grayzone reveal Tinubu as a longtime US asset who was named as an accomplice in a massive drug running operation that saw him launder millions on behalf of a heroin-dealing relative.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">I had a great time with other Heads of State and important dignitaries at the State Banquet hosted by President Emmanuel Macron in Paris, France, this evening. President Macron and his wife, First Lady Brigitte Macron were both gracious and warm, making the event a very pleasant\u2026 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/lTHTZfTIMC\" >pic.twitter.com\/lTHTZfTIMC<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Bola Ahmed Tinubu (@officialABAT) <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/officialABAT\/status\/1672004086466527235?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" >June 22, 2023<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bola Tinubu\u2019s career marred by drug-trafficking, corruption allegations<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>For over 30 years, Bola Tinubu has been a major force in Nigeria\u2019s political scene and the country\u2019s economy, with local nicknames ranging from \u201cthe Mother of the Market\u201d to \u201cthe Godfather of Lagos\u201d and \u201cthe Lion of Bourdillon.\u201d But his power inside Nigeria went largely unnoticed by international audiences until 2023, when he became ECOWAS chair after winning the presidency in an election closely tracked by the US government.<\/p>\n<p>As president, Tinubu quickly instituted a regime of economic reforms <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/businessday.ng\/news\/article\/world-bank-imf-others-back-tinubus-economic-reforms\/\" >backed<\/a> by the US-controlled International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Over the course of Tinubu\u2019s political career in Nigeria, the African operator has cultivated a close relationship with the US embassy. According to a slew of classified State Department cables released by WikiLeaks, American officials relied heavily on Tinubu\u2019s assessments of the domestic political landscape.<\/p>\n<p>The ECOWAS chair\u2019s early life is shrouded in mystery, and even his exact age is unknown. Nearly every detail of Tinubu\u2019s personal history \u2014 prior to his appearance in Chicago on a student visa \u2014 is in dispute, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/westafricaweekly.substack.com\/p\/bola-ahmed-tinubu-from-drug-lord-e35\" >including<\/a> his legal birth name.<\/p>\n<p>Records from Chicago State University show that Tinubu received a degree in Business Administration in 1979. In the following years, media reports indicate that Tinubu was employed in some capacity at a number of major US-based multinationals, including Mobil Oil Nigeria, consulting firm Deloitte, and GTE, which was the largest communication and utilities company in the US at the time.<\/p>\n<p>Of the few details about the Nigerian President\u2019s early exploits which can be confirmed, many are derived from a 1993 court docket naming Tinubu as an accomplice in a massive midwestern drug smuggling operation.<\/p>\n<p>As journalist David Hundeyin <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/westafricaweekly.substack.com\/p\/bola-ahmed-tinubu-from-drug-lord?utm_source=%2Fsearch%2Ftinubu&amp;utm_medium=reader2\" >has detailed<\/a>, court documents from the US District Court\u2019s Northern District of Illinois make it clear that Tinubu amassed a small fortune laundering money for a heroin-trafficking relative in Chicago, and that US government officials ultimately seized well over a million dollars from various bank accounts registered under the current Nigerian president\u2019s name.<\/p>\n<p>A 1993 report by IRS Special Agent Kevin Moss explained that \u201cthere is probable cause to believe that funds in certain bank accounts controlled by Bola Tinubu\u2026 represent proceeds of drug trafficking; therefore these funds are forfeitable to the United States.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/saharareporters.com\/sites\/default\/files\/Bola_Tinubu_Heroin.pdf\" >documents<\/a>, Moss describes an extremely close working relationship between the future Nigerian president and two Nigerian heroin dealers named Abiodun Olasuyi Agbele and Adegboyega Mueez Akande, the latter of whom was listed as Tinubu\u2019s cousin on an application for a vehicle loan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAccording to bank employees, when Bola Tinubu came to First Heritage Bank in December 1989 to open the accounts, he was introduced to them by Adegboyega Mueez Akande, who at that time maintained an account at the bank.\u201d What\u2019s more, bank records indicate that \u201cBola Tinubu also opened a joint checking account in his name and the name of his wife, Oluremi Tinubu,\u201d who had \u201cpreviously opened a joint bank account also at this bank with Audrey Akande, the wife of Adegboyega Mueez Akande,\u201d Moss explained. In several of the applications, the addresses used by Tinubu exactly matched those previously used by Akande.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-91717 td-animation-stack-type1-2\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu5.png?resize=1065%2C382&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1065px) 100vw, 1065px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu5.png?w=1065&amp;ssl=1 1065w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu5.png?resize=300%2C108&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu5.png?resize=1024%2C367&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu5.png?resize=768%2C275&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu5.png?resize=770%2C276&amp;ssl=1 770w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1065\" height=\"382\" data-attachment-id=\"91717\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/thegrayzone.com\/2023\/08\/05\/bagman-ecowas-chairman-invade-niger\/tinubu5\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu5.png?fit=1065%2C382&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1065,382\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"tinubu5\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu5.png?fit=300%2C108&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu5.png?fit=1024%2C367&amp;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201cAccording to bank records\u2026 Tinubu opened an individual money market account and a NOW account\u201d at First Heritage Bank in December 1989, the special agent noted. \u201cIn the application, Tinubu stated that his address was 7504 South Stewart, Chicago, Illinois\u201d \u2014 \u201cthe same address used previously by Akande.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91716 aligncenter td-animation-stack-type1-2\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu2.png?resize=703%2C454&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu2.png?w=703&amp;ssl=1 703w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu2.png?resize=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"703\" height=\"454\" data-attachment-id=\"91716\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/thegrayzone.com\/2023\/08\/05\/bagman-ecowas-chairman-invade-niger\/tinubu2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu2.png?fit=703%2C454&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"703,454\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"tinubu2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu2.png?fit=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tinubu2.png?fit=703%2C454&amp;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201cBank records disclosed that five days after the account was opened, on January 4, 1990, $80,000 was deposited into the NOW account at First Heritage Bank by wire transfer through First Chicago from Banc One Houston,\u201d the report continues. According to the IRS, the money was sent by Akande.<\/p>\n<p>But the Nigerian president\u2019s financial dealings with the heroin traffickers went even further, according to the IRS special agent. He wrote that Citibank records documented \u201ctwo additional corporate accounts held in the name of Compass Finance and Investment Company, Ltd. which were controlled by Bola Tinubu.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen Bola Tinubu opened these accounts,\u201d he provided \u201ca memorandum of association and articles of association\u201d which \u201cidentified Mueez Adegboyega Akande and Abiodun Olasuyi Agbele as directors of Compass Finance and Investment Company, Ltd.,\u201d Moss wrote.<\/p>\n<p>In the end, Tinubu somehow managed to deposit over $660,000 in his First Heritage Bank account in 1990, and more than $1.2 million the next year \u2014 all while claiming to take home just $2,400 a month from his position at Mobil Oil Nigeria.<\/p>\n<p>As the investigation into the money laundering scheme began to gain traction, Tinubu left the US and returned to Nigeria. Ultimately, Moss was able to speak to Tinubu by telephone on a number of occasions, and the special agent reported that the future president initially acknowledged his personal and financial dealings with the pair of drug traffickers.<\/p>\n<p>But in late January of 1992, \u201cTinubu advised agents investigating this matter that he had no business association or financial relationship with Abele or Akande,\u201d Moss wrote. \u201cThis information contradicted his prior statements on January 13, 1992, when he advised law enforcement officers that the money used to open the account at First Heritage Bank had come from Akande.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Back in Nigeria, Tinubu had already begun to transition into the political arena. By 1992, he\u2019d been elected to the Senate, and in 1999 he became the Governor of Lagos State, a position he retained until 2007. At some point in his tenure, Tinubu established a relationship with the US Embassy which would last for years to come, according to a trove of diplomatic cables released by Wikileaks.<\/p>\n<p>But even his State Department allies couldn\u2019t help noticing Tinubu\u2019s penchant for dishonesty. One particularly noteworthy <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/wikileaks.org\/plusd\/cables\/03LAGOS239_a.html\" >cable<\/a> pointed out that the politician was \u201cknown to play fast and loose with the facts\u201d and \u201chas been caught in the past embellishing his educational achievements.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In the end, however, Tinubu\u2019s usefulness seemed to outweigh his casual relationship with the truth, and the future Nigerian president went on to provide American officials with a near-continuous assessment of the political situation in his country. One typically intimate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/wikileaks.org\/plusd\/cables\/03ABUJA280_a.html\" >meeting<\/a> with Tinubu ended with the US ambassador to Nigeria commenting: \u201cas always, we found his take on the national political scene to be insightful.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>When the cables came to light in 2011, many Nigerians were shocked at the candor with which their elected officials spoke to Washington\u2019s envoys. \u201cThe willingness of our elites to divulge unsolicited information about the nation to U.S. officials betrays an infantile thirst for a paternal dictatorship,\u201d Nigerian-American professor and columnist Farooq Kperogi wrote.<\/p>\n<p>Though Tinubu appeared to have escaped justice for his alleged role in a heroin trafficking conspiracy, accusations of corruption would continue to dog the ECOWAS chair throughout his political career in Nigeria. Since leaving office as governor of Lagos in 2007, Tinubu \u201cpicked every subsequent winning candidate,\u201d according to German broadcaster DW, which <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/who-is-nigerias-new-president-bola-tinubu\/a-64851330\" >noted<\/a> earlier this year that the tycoon \u201cis believed to be one of Nigeria\u2019s richest politicians but the source of his wealth is unknown.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, clues about the origins of the fortune amassed by one of Africa\u2019s leading political players have begun to come to light.<\/p>\n<p>In 2009, Tinubu came under investigation by the Metropolitan Police of London, who were probing allegations that the politician had pooled money with two other Nigerian governors to create a front company known as the \u201cAfrican Development Fund Incorporation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Investigators alleged the unusual business arrangement was actually a joint effort to illegally acquire shares of ECONET, a telecommunications firm founded by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thegrayzone.com\/2022\/01\/31\/gates-foundation-trustee-overthrow-zimbabwean-covert-us-uk-govt\/\" >US intelligence asset<\/a> and Gates Foundation trustee Strive Masiyiwa. But attempts to probe the legitimacy of the transactions in question were sidelined when the Nigerian federal government <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2009\/09\/fg-uk-at-loggerheads-over-tinubu-ibori-attah\/\" >stonewalled<\/a> the British investigation, which ultimately concluded without a single arrest. To this day, Nigerian authorities have yet to release the evidence requested by UK authorities.<\/p>\n<p>In 2011, Tinubu was tried before the Code of Conduct Tribunal in Nigeria for illegally operating 16 foreign bank accounts. Eager to avoid the embarrassment he\u2019d previously suffered when being photographed in court, the ECOWAS chair <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/saharareporters.com\/2011\/10\/26\/foreign-accounts-former-gov-bola-tinubu-refuses-be-docked-ccb-tribunal\" >reportedly<\/a> refused to take his place at the dock in a judicial hearing.<\/p>\n<p>But the unwelcome attention appears to have done little to rein in the politician\u2019s extravagant taste, and Tinubu once again found himself embroiled in a corruption scandal following an investigation into the luxurious 7,000-square foot mansion where the Nigerian president stays when receiving medical care in London.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_91719\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-91719\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-91719 td-animation-stack-type1-2\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Tinubu-inside-parlour.jpg?resize=800%2C476&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Tinubu-inside-parlour.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Tinubu-inside-parlour.jpg?resize=300%2C179&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Tinubu-inside-parlour.jpg?resize=768%2C457&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Tinubu-inside-parlour.jpg?resize=770%2C458&amp;ssl=1 770w\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"476\" data-attachment-id=\"91719\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/thegrayzone.com\/2023\/08\/05\/bagman-ecowas-chairman-invade-niger\/tinubu-inside-parlour\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Tinubu-inside-parlour.jpg?fit=800%2C476&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,476\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tinubu-inside-parlour\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Tinubu inside his London mansion with a Nigerian governor, Dapo Abiodun (graphic by Premium Times).&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Tinubu-inside-parlour.jpg?fit=300%2C179&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thegrayzone.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Tinubu-inside-parlour.jpg?fit=800%2C476&amp;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-91719\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Tinubu inside his London mansion with a Nigerian governor, Dapo Abiodun (graphic by Premium Times).<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>According to Nigerian outlet Premium Times, the massive villa in London\u2019s exclusive Westminster borough was <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/pandora-papers\/488537-pandora-papers-buhari-visited-tinubu-in-corruption-tainted-london-villa-acquired-by-oyetola.html\" >picked up for a song<\/a> by Tinubu\u2019s son, who somehow managed to purchase the property at a discount of approximately $10 million from a wealthy fugitive \u2013 even though the seller\u2019s assets, including the mansion in question, had been frozen by a Nigerian court. Photos published on social media in 2017 show Tinubu posing inside the villa alongside Nigeria\u2019s president at the time, Muhammadu Buhari.<\/p>\n<p>The current and previous president worked closely for decades, and Tinubu has publicly claimed sole credit for Buhari\u2019s presidency while campaigning. \u201cIf it were not for me standing before you leading the army, saying \u2018Buhari, go ahead, we\u2019re behind you,\u2019 he could never have become the president,\u201d he told supporters at a rally last year.<\/p>\n<p>But the suspicious confluence of money and influence didn\u2019t end with the mysterious mansion in London. During Nigeria\u2019s 2019 general election, footage of armored trucks entering Tinubu\u2019s residence went viral on social media, and the incident was widely seen as proof that the politician was engaged in a fraudulent vote-buying scheme. But Tinubu remained defiant, telling reporters, \u201cI keep money wherever I want.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cExcuse me, is it my money or government money?\u201d he <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/saharareporters.com\/2023\/01\/26\/years-after-tinubu-admitted-cash-bullion-vans-spotted-his-lagos-residence-election-eve\" >asked<\/a>. \u201cIf I don\u2019t represent any agency of government and I have money to spend, if I have money, if I like, I give it to the people free of charge,\u201d he insisted.<\/p>\n<p>This January, the official explanation for the episode evolved again when one of his party\u2019s representatives told a Nigerian TV station that the armored trucks in question had simply \u201cmissed [their] way\u201d and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ARISEtv\/status\/1618590861696049153\" >arrived at the wrong address<\/a>. Asked why Tinubu had seemingly admitted to dispensing cash to the public, the party\u2019s organizing secretary in Lagos offered the bemused presenters an equally improbable explanation: \u201che said that jokingly.\u201d<\/p>\n<h4><strong>ECOWAS as a neocolonial weapon<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>While ECOWAS was officially founded via the Treaty of Lagos in 1975, its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ecowas.int\/history-2\/\" >official history<\/a> notes the bloc\u2019s origins date back to the creation of the CFA Franc in 1945, which consolidated France\u2019s West African empire into a single-currency union. Publicly, the move was described as a benevolent attempt to shield these colonies from the consequences of the French franc\u2019s sharp devaluation in 1945, following the creation of the US-dominated Bretton Woods system. As the French finance minister <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/mronline.org\/2022\/08\/03\/neo-colonial-currency-enables-french-exploitation\/\" >said<\/a> at the time:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn a show of her generosity and selflessness, metropolitan France, wishing not to impose on her faraway daughters the consequences of her own poverty, is setting different exchange rates for their currency.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In reality, the introduction of the CFA Franc meant that Paris was able to maintain highly unequal trading relationships with its African colonies, at a time when its economy was ravaged by World War II and its overseas empire was rapidly disintegrating. The currency <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/afkinsider.com\/41946\/forex-africa-african-euro\/#sthash.bAiuUVxB.dpuf\" >made it cheap<\/a> for member states to import from France and vice versa, but prohibitively expensive for them to export anything anywhere else.<\/p>\n<p>This forced dependency in Francophone West Africa created a captive market for the French, and by extension the rest of Europe. That dynamic, which has stunted regional economic development for decades, persists to this day. The CFA Franc\u2019s continued dominance ensures West African states remain under the economic and political control of France. Those African nations are powerless to enact meaningful policy changes, as they lack control over their own monetary policy.<\/p>\n<p>That the currency features so prominently in the authorized history of ECOWAS is instructive, because the bloc has long-been criticized as an extension of French imperialism. It was not for nothing that in 1960, then-French President Charles de Gaulle <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/sites\/default\/files\/public\/Research\/Africa\/bnafrica0207.pdf\" >made membership<\/a> of the CFA Franc a precondition for decolonization in Africa.<\/p>\n<p>Though ECOWAS is theoretically meant to maximize member states\u2019 collective bargaining power by fostering \u201cinterstate economic and political cooperation,\u201d <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/another-move-against-french-colonialism-the-eco-currency-in-africa\" >such harmonization<\/a> makes it easier for former imperial powers like France to exploit and enfeeble their constituent countries. The bloc imposes a strict, Western-approved legal and financial framework upon its members, and any state deviating from these rules is harshly punished.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2022\/1\/14\/malians-rally-after-army-calls-protests-over-ecowas-sanctions\" >In January 2022<\/a>, ECOWAS imposed strict sanctions on Mali, prompting thousands to take to the streets in support of the military government that seized power in January the previous year. The new government\u2019s efforts to purge the country of malign foreign influence saw a complete ban on French media imposed, a decision which was <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2022\/4\/29\/un-condemns-malis-ban-on-french-media\" >slammed by the UN<\/a> but cheered by average Malians.<\/p>\n<p>ECOWAS applied similar measures to Burkina Faso in response to a September 2022 military coup, which saw Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba removed after just eight months in power. Though Damiba himself seized via military coup, there was little condemnation from Western officials and few suggestions that ECOWAS impose sanctions \u2014 perhaps due to the ousted leader\u2019s pro-Western orientation and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-60141195\" >status<\/a> as a graduate of multiple elite US military and State Department training courses.<\/p>\n<p>Since 1990, ECOWAS <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/8\/1\/timeline-a-history-of-ecowas-military-interventions-in-three-decades\" >has waged<\/a> seven separate conflicts in West Africa, in order to protect the West\u2019s preferred despots across the region. Meanwhile, between 1960 and 2020, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.assemblee-nationale.fr\/14\/rap-info\/i2777.asp\" >Paris launched<\/a> 50 separate overt interventions in Africa. Figures for clandestine activities conducted during this time are unavailable, but the country\u2019s fingerprints are plastered all over multiple rigged elections, coups, and assassinations that have sustained compliant, corrupt governments in power throughout the continent.<\/p>\n<p>As President Jacques Chirac <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globaltimes.cn\/content\/739771.shtml\" >remarked in 2008<\/a>, \u201cwithout Africa, France will slide down into the rank of a third [world] power.\u201d This perspective <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/notice-rapport\/2013\/r13-104-notice.html\" >was reaffirmed<\/a> in a 2013 French Senate report, <i>Africa is Our Future<\/i>. Indeed, the mere existence of anti-imperialist governments anywhere in the region is intolerable to Paris.<\/p>\n<p>Luckily for the French elite, compromised figures like Bola Tinubu are still on hand to do their dirty work for them.<\/p>\n<p><em>______________________________________________<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Kit-Klarenberg-e1689564920163.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-238936\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Kit-Klarenberg-e1689564920163.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"90\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em> Kit Klarenberg is an investigative journalist exploring the role of intelligence services in shaping politics and perceptions.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.defenddemocracy.press\/from-chi-town-bagman-to-ecowas-chairman-meet-the-former-money-launderer-leading-the-push-to-invade-niger\/\" >Go to Original &#8211; defenddemocracy.press<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5 Aug 2023 &#8211; Since the overthrow of Niger\u2019s US-friendly government, the chair of the ECOWAS block and Nigerian President, Bola Tinubu, has threatened an invasion of their neighbor. Before, Tinubu spent years laundering millions for heroin dealers in Chicago, and has since been ensnared in numerous corruption scandals. Luckily for the West elites, compromised figures like Tinubu are still on hand to do their dirty work for them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":241738,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[127],"tags":[237,3128,1675,3111,1845,70,2812,172],"class_list":["post-241701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","tag-africa","tag-ecowas-economic-community-of-west-african-states","tag-france","tag-niger","tag-nigeria","tag-usa","tag-victoria-nuland","tag-west"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/241701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=241701"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/241701\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":241757,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/241701\/revisions\/241757"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/241738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=241701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=241701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=241701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}