{"id":246525,"date":"2023-10-30T12:00:17","date_gmt":"2023-10-30T12:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=246525"},"modified":"2023-10-20T05:31:44","modified_gmt":"2023-10-20T04:31:44","slug":"this-week-in-history-175","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/10\/this-week-in-history-175\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo-e1694580467414.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-62806\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo-300x166.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"166\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>30 Oct \u2013 5 Nov 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>The Video of the Week:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L7IP4UlXvG8\" ><em>Imagine<\/em> (World Version) &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>30 October<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1864\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Vienna_(1864)\" >Treaty of Vienna<\/a>\u00a0is signed, by which Denmark relinquishes one province each to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prussia\" >Prussia<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria\" >Austria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1905\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czar_Nicholas_II\" >Czar Nicholas II<\/a>\u00a0issues the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/October_Manifesto\" >October Manifesto<\/a>, nominally granting the Russian peoples basic civil liberties and the right to form a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duma\" >duma<\/a>. (October 17 in the Julian calendar)<\/p>\n<p>1918\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The Ottoman Empire signs the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armistice_of_Mudros\" >Armistice of Mudros<\/a>\u00a0with the Allies.<\/p>\n<p>1918\u00a0 World War I:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lands_of_the_Crown_of_Saint_Stephen\" >Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen<\/a>, a state union of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Hungary\" >Kingdom of Hungary<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Triune_Kingdom\" >Triune Kingdom<\/a>\u00a0of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia is abolished with decisions of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croatian_parliament\" >Croatian<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_parliament\" >Hungarian parliaments<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1941\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holocaust\" >Holocaust<\/a>: Fifteen hundred Jews from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pidhaytsi\" >Pidhaytsi<\/a>\u00a0are sent by Nazis to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Be\u0142\u017cec_extermination_camp\" >Be\u0142\u017cec extermination camp<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1944\u00a0 Holocaust:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anne_Frank\" >Anne<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Margot_Frank\" >Margot Frank<\/a>\u00a0are deported from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auschwitz_concentration_camp\" >Auschwitz<\/a>\u00a0to the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp\" >Bergen-Belsen concentration camp<\/a>, where they die from disease the following year, shortly before the end of WWII.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.annefrank.org\/en\/about-us\/news-and-press\/news\/2019\/9\/3\/final-transport-westerbork-auschwitz\/\" >The final transport from Westerbork to Auschwitz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.annefrank.org\/en\/timeline\/108\/auschwitz-concentration-and-extermination-camp\/\" >Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1988-10-23-ca-196-story.html\" >The Final Days of Anne Frank<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/question\/How-did-Anne-Frank-die\" >How did Anne Frank die?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/anne-frank-betrayal-investigation-60-minutes-2022-01-16\/\" >Investigating who betrayed Anne Frank and her family to the Nazis<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1947\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade\" >General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade<\/a>\u00a0(GATT), the foundation of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Organization\" >World Trade Organization<\/a>\u00a0(WTO), is founded.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/gatt-definition-history-purpose-members.html\" >GATT Definition, History &amp; Significance<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/g\/gatt.asp\" >What Is the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)? <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/docs_e\/legal_e\/gatt47_e.pdf\" >Text of the General Agreement <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/docs_e\/legal_e\/gatt47_e.pdf\" >on Tariff and Trade<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_World_Trade_Organization\" >Timeline of the World Trade Organization<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/thewto_e\/whatis_e\/tif_e\/fact4_e.htm\" >WTO | Understanding the WTO &#8211; The GATT years<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1953\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_Eisenhower\" >President Eisenhower<\/a>\u00a0approves the top-secret document\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NSC_162\/2\" >NSC 162\/2<\/a>\u00a0concerning the maintenance of a strong nuclear deterrent force against the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/irp.fas.org\/offdocs\/nsc-hst\/nsc-162-2.pdf\" >NSC 162\/2 : A Report to the National Security Council<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nsarchive2.gwu.edu\/nukevault\/ebb361\/\" >S. Strategic Nuclear Policy: A Video History, 1945-2004<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_Solarium\" >Project Solarium<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/tnsr.org\/2021\/04\/u-s-national-security-strategy-lessons-learned\/\" >S. National Security Strategy: Lessons Learned<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1956\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956\" >Hungarian Revolution<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governments_of_Imre_Nagy\" >government of Imre Nagy<\/a>\u00a0recognizes newly established revolutionary workers&#8217; councils. Army officer\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B\u00e9la_Kir\u00e1ly\" >B\u00e9la Kir\u00e1ly<\/a>\u00a0leads anti-Soviet\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Militia\" >militias<\/a>\u00a0in an attack on the headquarters of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Working_People%27s_Party\" >Hungarian Working People&#8217;s Party<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1961\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>\u00a0detonates the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsar_Bomba\" >Tsar Bomba<\/a>, the most powerful explosive device ever detonated.<\/p>\n<p>1961\u00a0 Due to &#8220;violations of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Lenin\" >Vladimir Lenin<\/a>&#8216;s precepts&#8221;, it is decreed that\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Stalin\" >Joseph Stalin<\/a>&#8216;s body be removed from its place of honor inside\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lenin%27s_tomb\" >Lenin&#8217;s tomb<\/a>\u00a0and buried near the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kremlin_Wall\" >Kremlin Wall<\/a>\u00a0with a plain granite marker.<\/p>\n<p>1968\u00a0 A squad of 120\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_People%27s_Army\" >North Korean Army<\/a>\u00a0commandos\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uljin\u2013Samcheok_Landings\" >land in boats<\/a>\u00a0along a 25-mile long section of the eastern coast of South Korea in a failed attempt to overthrow the dictatorship of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Park_Chung_Hee\" >Park Chung Hee<\/a>\u00a0and bring about the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_reunification\" >reunification of Korea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1980\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Salvador\" >El Salvador<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honduras\" >Honduras<\/a>\u00a0agree to put the border dispute fought over in 1969&#8217;s\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Football_War\" >Football War<\/a>\u00a0before the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Court_of_Justice\" >International Court of Justice<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1991<strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli\u2013Palestinian_conflict\" >Th<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli\u2013Palestinian_conflict\" >e Israeli-Palestinian conflict<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madrid_Conference_of_1991\" >Madrid Conference<\/a>\u00a0commences in an effort to revive\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace_negotiations\" >peace negotiations<\/a>\u00a0between\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_territories\" >Palestine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2014\u00a0 Sweden becomes the first\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union\" >European Union<\/a>\u00a0member state to officially\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine\" >recognize<\/a>\u00a0the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_of_Palestine\" >State of Palestine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>31 October<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1922\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benito_Mussolini\" >Benito Mussolini<\/a>\u00a0is made\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Italy\" >Prime Minister of Italy<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1938\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Depression\" >Great Depression<\/a>: In an effort to restore investor confidence, the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Stock_Exchange\" >New York Stock Exchange<\/a>\u00a0unveils a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public.<\/p>\n<p>1940\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Britain\" >Battle of Britain<\/a>\u00a0ends: The United Kingdom prevents a possible\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >German<\/a>\u00a0invasion.<\/p>\n<p>1956\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Crisis\" >Suez Crisis<\/a>: The United Kingdom and France begin bombing\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Egypt_(1953\u201358)\" >Egypt<\/a>\u00a0to force the reopening of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Canal\" >Suez Canal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/cold-war\/suez-crisis\" >Suez Crisis in the Cold War Era<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ETOUALw2EIs\" >The Other Side of Suez (BBC Documentary) &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/anglotopia.net\/british-history\/british-empire\/british-history-showdown-at-suez-eden-nasser-and-the-end-of-empire-long-read\/\" >British History: Showdown at Suez<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/modern\/suez_01.shtml\" >British History in depth: The Suez Crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/milestones\/suez-crisis-1956?language_content_entity=en\" >The Suez Crisis (1956) | Origins<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>The\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Suez<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Crisis was provoked by an American and British decision not to finance\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Egypt<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>\u2019<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>s construction of the\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Aswan High Dam<\/em><\/a><em><u>..<\/u><\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>.<\/em><\/a><em>\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Suez_Crisis\" ><em>Timeline of the Suez Crisis<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suez Crisis and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" >Protocol of S\u00e8<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" >v<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" >res<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archives.mod.gov.il\/sites\/English\/Exhibitions\/Pages\/Operation-Kadesh.aspx\" >Operation Kadesh \u2013 the Suez Crisis 1956<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/users.ox.ac.uk\/~ssfc0005\/The%20Protocol%20of%20Sevres%201956%20Anatomy%20of%20a%20War%20Plot.html\" >The Protocol of Sevres 1956 Anatomy of a War Plot<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CIA, MI6, Israel and the Suez Crisis:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/233193573_The_hidden_%27alliance%27_The_CIA_and_MI6_before_and_after_Suez\" >The hidden \u2018alliance\u2019: The CIA and MI6 before and after Suez<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nlpwessex.org\/docs\/BBCSuez.htm\" >Eden Wanted Nasser Murdered As MI6 Plotted Regime Change In Egypt, Syria, And Saudi Arabia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-42012380\" ><em>The documents show that MI6 continued to target Egypt&#8217;s President Nasser after the 1956 Suez crisis<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-37788072\" >Suez Crisis: The MI6 secretary with a ringside seat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/historynewsnetwork.org\/article\/169655\" >What a New Study of British Spies Reveals About the CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[4]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/peacekeeping.un.org\/en\/mission\/past\/unef1backgr1.html\" >First <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/peacekeeping.un.org\/en\/mission\/past\/unef1backgr1.html\" >UN Peacekeeping <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/peacekeeping.un.org\/en\/mission\/past\/unef1backgr1.html\" >Operation <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/peacekeeping.un.org\/en\/mission\/past\/unef1backgr1.html\" >(UNEF I)<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/60669759.pdf\" >Revisiting the first United Nations peacekeeping intervention in Egypt and the Gaza Strip, 1956-1967<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1956\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956\" >Hungarian Revolution of 1956<\/a>: A Revolutionary Headquarters is established in Hungary. Following\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imre_Nagy\" >Imre Nagy<\/a>&#8216;s announcement of October 30, banned non-Communist political parties are reformed, and the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Working_People%27s_Party\" >MDP<\/a>\u00a0is replaced by the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MSZMP\" >MSZMP<\/a>.\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J\u00f3zsef_Mindszenty\" >J\u00f3zsef Mindszenty<\/a>\u00a0is released from prison. The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Politburo\" >Soviet Politburo<\/a>\u00a0makes the decision to crush the Revolution.<\/p>\n<p>1961\u00a0 In the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Stalin\" >Joseph Stalin<\/a>&#8216;s body is removed from the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lenin%27s_Mausoleum\" >Lenin&#8217;s Mausoleum<\/a>, also known as the Lenin Tomb.<\/p>\n<p>1968\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/October_surprise\" >October surprise<\/a>: Citing progress with the Paris peace talks, US President\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lyndon_B._Johnson\" >Lyndon B. Johnson<\/a>\u00a0announces to the nation that he has ordered a complete cessation of &#8220;all air, naval, and artillery bombardment of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Vietnam\" >North Vietnam<\/a>&#8221; effective\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/November_1\" >November 1<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1984\u00a0 Indian Prime Minister\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indira_Gandhi\" >Indira Gandhi<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination_of_Indira_Gandhi\" >assassinated<\/a>\u00a0by two Sikh security guards.<\/p>\n<p>1998\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq_disarmament_crisis\" >Iraq disarmament crisis<\/a>\u00a0begins:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a>\u00a0announces it would no longer cooperate with\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>\u00a0weapons inspectors.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Iraq_disarmament_crisis_timeline_2001-2003\" >Iraq Disarmament Crisis<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/history\/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps\/iraq-disarmament-crisis-1991-2003\" >Iraq Disarmament Crisis (1991\u20132003)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/iraq-weapons-inspections-1991-1998\" >IRAQ: Weapons Inspections: 1991-1998<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thebulletin.org\/2021\/07\/how-unscom-found-and-destroyed-iraqs-biological-weapons\/\" >How UNSCOM found and destroyed Iraq\u2019s biological weapons<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.heritage.org\/middle-east\/report\/disarming-iraq-the-lessons-unscom\" >Disarming Iraq: The Lessons of UNSCOM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/2000-06\/features\/case-iraqs-qualitative-disarmament\" >The Case for Iraq&#8217;s Qualitative Disarmament<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/press.un.org\/en\/2003\/sc7682.doc.htm\" >UN WEAPONS INSPECTORS REPORT TO SECURITY COUNCIL ON PROGRESS IN DISARMAMENT OF IRAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2019\/3\/20\/why-did-bush-go-to-war-in-iraq\/\" >Why did Bush go to war in Iraq? | Opinions<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2023\/01\/fear-power-and-hubris-bush-and-iraq-war\/672759\/\" >What Really Took America to War in Iraq<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/01\/07\/joe-biden-iraq-war-history\/\" >Joe Biden Was Talking Up War With Iraq Years Before Invasion<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Preparations_for_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq\" >Preparations for the 2003 invasion of Iraq &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2003_invasion_of_Iraq\" >2003 invasion of Iraq<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/story?id=90764&amp;page=1\" >Is Bush&#8217;s Iraq Stance Rooted in Revenge?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2002\/ALLPOLITICS\/09\/27\/bush.war.talk\/\" >Bush calls Saddam &#8216;the guy who tried to kill my dad<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/19\/opinion\/iraq-war-oil-juhasz\/index.html\" >Why the war in Iraq was fought for Big Oil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/surprise-surprise-iraq-war-was-about-oil\/\" >Surprise, Surprise: Iraq War Was About Oil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2021\/05\/23\/middleeast\/iraq-oil-money-us-invastion-intl\/index.html\" >Iraq oil money: $150 billion stolen from the country since 2003<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2003\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahathir_Mohamad\" >Mahathir Mohamad<\/a>\u00a0resigns as\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia\" >Prime Minister of Malaysia<\/a>\u00a0and is replaced by Deputy Prime Minister\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi\" >Abdullah Ahmad Badawi<\/a>, marking an end to Mahathir&#8217;s 22 years in power.<\/p>\n<p>2011\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_population\" >global population<\/a>\u00a0of humans reaches seven billion. This day is now recognized by the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>\u00a0as the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Day_of_Seven_Billion\" >Day of Seven Billion<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>01 November<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1814\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congress_of_Vienna\" >Congress of Vienna<\/a>\u00a0opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleonic_Wars\" >Napoleonic Wars<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1911\u00a0 World&#8217;s first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italo-Turkish_War\" >Italo-Turkish War<\/a>. Second Lieutenant\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giulio_Gavotti\" >Giulio Gavotti<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Italy\" >Italy<\/a>\u00a0drops several small bombs.<\/p>\n<p>1918\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic\" >Western Ukraine<\/a>\u00a0separates from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1928\u00a0 The\u00a0<em>Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the\u00a0<\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_alphabet\" ><em>Turkish Alphabet<\/em><\/a>, replaces the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arabic_alphabet\" >Arabic alphabet<\/a>\u00a0with the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_alphabet\" >Latin alphabet<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1945\u00a0 The official\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea\" >North Korean<\/a>\u00a0newspaper,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rodong_Sinmun\" ><em>Rodong Sinmun<\/em><\/a>, is first published under the name\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/politicsandwar.com\/nation\/id=501944\" ><em>Chongro<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1951\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Buster\u2013Jangle\" >Operation Buster\u2013Jangle<\/a>: Six thousand five hundred\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army\" >United States Army<\/a>\u00a0soldiers are exposed to &#8216;Desert Rock&#8217;\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atom_bomb\" >atomic explosions<\/a>\u00a0for training purposes in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada\" >Nevada<\/a>. Participation is not voluntary.<\/p>\n<p>1952\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_testing\" >Nuclear weapons testing<\/a>: The United States successfully detonates\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivy_Mike\" >Ivy Mike<\/a>, the first\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermonuclear_weapon\" >thermonuclear device<\/a>, at the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eniwetok\" >Eniwetok<\/a>\u00a0atoll. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TNT_equivalent\" >TNT equivalent<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Q3ezhvCzWCM\" >Ivy Mike<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/adst.org\/2013\/10\/bikini-bombshell-the-first-h-bomb-test-on-the-eniwetok-atoll\/\" >Bikini Bombshell: The First H-bomb Test on the Eniwetok Atoll<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivy_Mike#:~:text=%20Ivy%20Mike%20was%20detonated%20on%20November%201%2C,of%20the%20Teller\u2013Ulam%20design%2C%20a%20staged%20fusion%20device.\" ><em>Ivy Mike\u00a0was detonated on November 1, 1952, by the United States on the island of Elugelab in Enewetak Atoll&#8230;as part of Operation Ivy.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Greenhouse\" >Operation Greenhouse<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 After-Effects of Nuclear Tests in the Region of the Marshall Islands:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2017\/ph241\/gutwald2\/\" >Marshall Islands Nuclear Testing and Health Effects<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/projects\/marshall-islands-nuclear-testing-sea-level-rise\/\" >How the U.S. betrayed the Marshall Islands<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/65949-marshall-islands-more-radioactivity-chernobyl.html\" >The Marshall Islands Are 10 Times More &#8216;Radioactive&#8217; Than Chernobyl<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rappler.com\/voices\/thought-leaders\/opinion-fates-enewetak-atoll-people\/\" >The fates of Enewetak Atoll and its people after the nuclear tests<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2023\/aug\/25\/endless-fallout-marshall-islands-pacific-idyll-still-facing-nuclear-blight-77-years-on?ref=mc.news\" >Endless fallout: the Pacific idyll still facing nuclear blight 77 years on | Nuclear weapons<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/jfortin670.wixsite.com\/enewetak\/single-post\/2017\/01\/22\/the-veterans-of-enewetak-atoll-participants-in-the-atomic-cleanup-operation-seeking-atomi\" >A Personal perspective by a participant of the Enewetak Atoll Clean-up<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2021\/09\/1100952\" >UN chief appeals for countries to sign nuclear test-ban treaty<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1954\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Liberation_Front_(Algeria)\" >Front de Lib\u00e9ration Nationale<\/a>\u00a0fires the first shots of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algerian_War_of_Independence\" >Algerian War of Independence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1955\u00a0 The establishment of a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_Assistance_Advisory_Group\" >Military Assistance Advisory Group<\/a>\u00a0in South Vietnam marks the beginning of American involvement in the conflict.<\/p>\n<p>1963\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1963_South_Vietnamese_coup\" >1963 South Vietnamese coup<\/a>\u00a0begins.<\/p>\n<p>1993\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maastricht_Treaty\" >Maastricht Treaty<\/a>\u00a0takes effect, formally establishing the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union\" >European Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2000\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbia_and_Montenegro\" >Serbia and Montenegro<\/a>\u00a0joins the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2001\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" >Australia<\/a>, and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canada<\/a>\u00a0agree to commit troops to the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan\" >invasion of Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>02 November<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1914\u00a0 \u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Empire\" >Russian Empire<\/a>\u00a0declares war on the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dardanelles\" >Dardanelles<\/a>\u00a0is subsequently closed.<\/p>\n<p>1917\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balfour_Declaration\" >Balfour Declaration<\/a>\u00a0proclaims British support for the &#8220;establishment in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestine_(region)\" >Palestine<\/a>\u00a0of a national home for the Jewish people&#8221; with the clear understanding &#8220;that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities&#8221;. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >The Declaration <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >caused a <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >political <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >chain reaction among the Jewish people. <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >I<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >t <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >led <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >the <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >Zionism movement<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >to <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >the achievement of <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >the foundation <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >of Israel in 1948, which <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >caused<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" > \u201c<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >Nakba\u201d, which <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >produced<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >the Israel-Palestine Conflict <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >that has continued to this date<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/2017\/11\/02\/what-was-the-balfour-declaration-of-1917-and-why-is-it-significant\/\" >What Was the Balfour Declaration of 1917 and Why Is It Significant?<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/text-of-the-balfour-declaration\" >Text of the Balfour Declaration<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/files\/martinkramer\/files\/forgotten_truth_balfour_declaration.pdf\" >The Forgotten_Truth_Balfour_Declaration<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/features\/2018\/11\/2\/more-than-a-century-on-the-balfour-declaration-explained\" >More than a century on: The Balfour Declaration explained<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/10\/9\/whats-the-israel-palestine-conflict-about-a-simple-guide\" >What\u2019s the Israel-Palestine conflict about? A simple guide<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/commentary-on-the-balfour-declaration\" >History of the Balfour Declaration<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/interactive.aljazeera.com\/aje\/2017\/behind-balfour\/index.html\" >Who was behind the Balfour Declaration?<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/israelpalestinenews.org\/wrote-balfour-declaration-world-war-connection\/\" ><em>The final version of the Declaration was actually written by Leopold Amery, a British official who&#8230;was a secret and fervent Zionist.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/news\/2017\/oct\/17\/centenary-britains-calamitous-promise-balfour-declaration-israel-palestine\" ><em>The most memorable line about the\u00a0Balfour\u00a0declaration\u00a0was composed by the Hungarian-born\u00a0Jewish\u00a0writer Arthur Koestler.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/opinion\/2017-11-02\/ty-article\/.premium\/britains-true-motivation-behind-the-balfour-declaration\/0000017f-dc3d-d3ff-a7ff-fdbdc5ed0000\" >Britain&#8217;s True Motivation Behind the Balfour Declaration<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/single-paragraph-paved-way-jewish-state-180963390\/\" >How a Single Paragraph Paved the Way for a Jewish State<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/history\/why-did-britain-issue-the-balfour-declaration.php\" ><em>One reason why Britain issued the Balfour Declaration was to due to the own self interest in protecting the Suez Canal and the oilfields in Iraq..another reason..was to secure the alliances during the First World War, to ensure victory against the Germans<\/em><\/a>.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1917\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Petrograd_Military_Revolutionary_Committee\" >Military Revolutionary Committee<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Petrograd_Soviet\" >Petrograd Soviet<\/a>, in charge of preparation and carrying out the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Revolution\" >Russian Revolution<\/a>, holds its first meeting<\/p>\n<p>1949\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch\u2013Indonesian_Round_Table_Conference\" >Dutch\u2013Indonesian Round Table Conference<\/a>\u00a0ends with the Netherlands agreeing to transfer sovereignty of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_East_Indies\" >Dutch East Indies<\/a>\u00a0to the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_of_Indonesia\" >United States of Indonesia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1951\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada_in_the_Korean_War\" >Canada in the Korean War<\/a>: A platoon of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Royal_Canadian_Regiment\" >The Royal Canadian Regiment<\/a>\u00a0defends a vital area against a full battalion of Chinese troops in the Battle of the Song-gok Spur. The engagement lasts into the early hours the next day.<\/p>\n<p>1956\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956\" >Hungarian Revolution<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikita_Khrushchev\" >Nikita Khrushchev<\/a>\u00a0meets with leaders of other Communist countries to seek their advice on the situation in Hungary, selecting\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J\u00e1nos_K\u00e1d\u00e1r\" >J\u00e1nos K\u00e1d\u00e1r<\/a>\u00a0as the country&#8217;s next leader on the advice of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josip_Broz_Tito\" >Josip Broz Tito<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1956\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Crisis\" >Suez Crisis<\/a>: Israel occupies the Gaza Strip.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/cold-war\/suez-crisis\" >Suez Crisis in the Cold War Era<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Suez_Crisis\" >Timeline of the Suez Crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/milestones\/suez-crisis-1956?language_content_entity=en\" >The Suez Crisis (1956) | Origins<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>The\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Suez<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Crisis was provoked by an American and British decision not to finance\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Egypt<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>\u2019<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>s construction of the\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Aswan High Dam<\/em><\/a><em><u>..<\/u><\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>.<\/em><\/a><em>\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/modern\/suez_01.shtml\" >British History in depth: The Suez Crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thecollector.com\/the-suez-canal-crisis-1956-explained\/\" >Suez Crisis, Israel <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thecollector.com\/the-suez-canal-crisis-1956-explained\/\" >and the U.S<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thecollector.com\/the-suez-canal-crisis-1956-explained\/\" >.<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/live-news\/20211102-suez-crisis-triggered-israel-s-first-occupation-of-gaza\" >Suez crisis triggered Israel&#8217;s first occupation of Gaza<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/Opinion\/An-Israeli-Suez-Canal-393225\" >An Israeli Suez Canal &#8211; The Jerusalem Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli_passage_through_the_Suez_Canal_and_Straits_of_Tiran\" >Israeli passage through the Suez Canal and Straits of Tiran<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moshe_Dayan#Escalation_up_to_the_Suez_Crisis\" >Moshe Dayan <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moshe_Dayan#Escalation_up_to_the_Suez_Crisis\" >and the Suez Crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/president-eisenhower-and-pm-ben-gurion-on-israeli-withdrawal-from-sinai-november-1956\" >President Eisenhower &amp; PM Ben-Gurion on Israeli Withdrawal from Sinai (November 1956)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wearethemighty.com\/history\/suez-canal-nukes\/\" >The US wanted to use nukes to create Suez Canal alternative<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/eleanor-roosevelt-defense-of-israel-to-go-under-hammer\/\" >Eleanor Roosevelt defense of Israel to go under hammer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1963\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnamese<\/a>\u00a0President\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arrest_and_assassination_of_Ng\u00f4_\u0110\u00ecnh_Di\u1ec7m\" >Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m is assassinated<\/a>\u00a0following a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_coup\" >military coup<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1964\u00a0 King\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saud_of_Saudi_Arabia\" >Saud of Saudi Arabia<\/a>\u00a0is deposed by a family\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27\u00e9tat\" >coup<\/a>, and replaced by his half-brother\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia\" >Faisal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1965\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norman_Morrison\" >Norman Morrison<\/a>, a 31-year-old\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quaker\" >Quaker<\/a>, sets himself on fire in front of the river entrance to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Pentagon\" >the Pentagon<\/a>\u00a0to protest the use of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napalm\" >napalm<\/a>\u00a0in the Vietnam war.<\/p>\n<p>1967\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: US President\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lyndon_B._Johnson\" >Lyndon B. Johnson<\/a>\u00a0and &#8220;The Wise Men&#8221; conclude that the American people should be given more optimistic reports on the progress of the war.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>03 November<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1898\u00a0 France withdraws its troops from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fashoda\" >Fashoda<\/a>\u00a0(now in Sudan), ending the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fashoda_Incident\" >Fashoda Incident<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1918\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Revolution_of_1918\u201319\" >German Revolution of 1918\u201319<\/a>\u00a0begins when 40,000 sailors\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiel_mutiny\" >take over<\/a>\u00a0the port in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiel\" >Kiel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1920\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Civil_War\" >Russian Civil War<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Army_of_Wrangel\" >Russian Army<\/a>\u00a0retreats to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crimea\" >Crimea<\/a>, after a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Taurida_Operation\" >successful offensive<\/a>\u00a0by the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Army\" >Red Army<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revolutionary_Insurgent_Army_of_Ukraine\" >Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine<\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1946\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Japan\" >Constitution of Japan<\/a>\u00a0is adopted through Emperor&#8217;s\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_assent\" >assent<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1949\u00a0 Chinese Civil War: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Dengbu_Island\" >Battle of Dengbu Island<\/a>\u00a0occurs.<\/p>\n<p>1956\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Crisis\" >Suez Crisis<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khan_Yunis_killings\" >Khan Yunis killings<\/a>\u00a0by the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel_Defense_Forces\" >Israel Defense Forces<\/a>\u00a0in Egyptian-controlled Gaza result in the deaths of 275 Palestinians.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/cold-war\/suez-crisis\" >Suez Crisis in the Cold War Era<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Suez_Crisis\" >Timeline of the Suez Crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ETOUALw2EIs\" >The Other Side of Suez (BBC Documentary) &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/milestones\/suez-crisis-1956?language_content_entity=en\" >The Suez Crisis (1956) | Origins<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>The\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Suez<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Crisis was provoked by an American and British decision not to finance\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Egypt<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>\u2019<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>s construction of the\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Aswan High Dam<\/em><\/a><em><u>&#8230;<\/u><\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>in response to Egypt\u2019s growing ties with communist\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Czechoslovakia<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>and the\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Soviet Union<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>.<\/em><\/a><em>\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/modern\/suez_01.shtml\" >British History in depth: The Suez Crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iwm.org.uk\/history\/why-was-the-suez-crisis-so-important\" >Why Was The Suez Crisis So Important?<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40392971\" >Suez and Its Consequences<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thecollector.com\/the-suez-canal-crisis-1956-explained\/\" >The Suez Canal Crisis of 1956 &amp; The Rise of the US<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/billofrightsinstitute.org\/essays\/eisenhower-and-the-suez-canal-crisis\" >Eisenhower and the Suez Canal Crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/blog\/reboot\/1956-suez-crisis-humiliated-crumbling-british-empire-187321\" >The 1956 Suez Crisis Humiliated the Crumbling British Empire<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26273229\" >A Conflict Analysis of the Suez Canal Invasion of 1956<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suez Crisis, CIA and MI6:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02684520008432605\" >The hidden \u2018alliance\u2019: The CIA and MI6 before and after Suez<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-31453-2_3\" >How Was British Intelligence Structured by the Time of the Suez Crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/235013536_The_Eisenhower_Administration_and_the_Suez_Crisis_Spying_on_Allies_and_Friends\" >The Eisenhower Administration and the Suez Crisis: Spying on Allies and Friends<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[4]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli_passage_through_the_Suez_Canal_and_Straits_of_Tiran#1956:_Suez_Crisis\" >Suez Crisis and Israel<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/live-news\/20211102-suez-crisis-triggered-israel-s-first-occupation-of-gaza\" >Suez crisis triggered Israel&#8217;s first occupation of Gaza<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" ><em>The\u00a0Protocol of S\u00e8vres\u00a0(French,\u00a0Protocole de S\u00e8vres) was a secret agreement reached between the governments of\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" ><em>Israel<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" ><em>,\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" ><em>France<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" ><em>and <\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" ><em>the\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" ><em>United Kingdom<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" ><em>..at\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" ><em>S\u00e8vres<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" ><em>, France.\u00a0 The protocol concerns..to topple the Egyptian leader Colonel\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" ><em>Gamal Abdel Nasser..<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli_passage_through_the_Suez_Canal_and_Straits_of_Tiran\" >Israeli passage through the Suez Canal and Straits of Tiran<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moshe_Dayan\" ><em>As\u00a0Israel\u00a0Defense\u00a0Forces Chief of staff, Moshe Dayan personally commanded the Israeli forces fighting in the Sinai during the 1956\u00a0Suez\u00a0Crisis.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/eleanor-roosevelt-defense-of-israel-to-go-under-hammer\/\" >Eleanor Roosevelt defense of Israel to go under hammer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[5]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/peacekeeping.un.org\/en\/mission\/past\/unef1backgr1.html\" >FIRST UNITED NATIONS EMERGENCY FORCE (UNEF I)<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/60669759.pdf\" >Revisiting the first United Nations peacekeeping intervention in Egypt and the Gaza Strip, 1956-1967<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1956\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956\" >Hungarian Revolution<\/a>: A new Hungarian government is formed, in which many members of banned non-Communist parties participate.\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J\u00e1nos_K\u00e1d\u00e1r\" >J\u00e1nos K\u00e1d\u00e1r<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferenc_M\u00fcnnich\" >Ferenc M\u00fcnnich<\/a>\u00a0form a counter-government in Moscow as Soviet troops prepare for the final assault.<\/p>\n<p>1961\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U_Thant\" >U Thant<\/a>\u00a0is unanimously appointed as the 3rd\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations\" >Secretary-General of the United Nations<\/a>, becoming the first non-European individual to occupy the post.<\/p>\n<p>1967\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Dak_To\" >Battle of Dak To<\/a>\u00a0begins.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1967_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >1967 in the Vietnam War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/vietnam-war\/vietnam-war-history\" >Vietnam War: Causes, Facts &amp; Impact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1969\u00a0 Vietnam War: U.S. President\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_M._Nixon\" >Richard M. Nixon<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RPpOBu2LNCo\" >addresses the nation on television and radio<\/a>, asking the &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Silent_majority\" >silent majority<\/a>&#8221; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441\/\" >to join him in solidarity on the Vietnam War effort and to support his policies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2015\/04\/nixons-retrospective-on-the-vietnam-war\/\" >Nixon\u2019s Retrospective on the Vietnam War<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1973\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mariner_program\" >Mariner program<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\" >NASA<\/a>\u00a0launches the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mariner_10\" ><em>Mariner 10<\/em><\/a>\u00a0toward\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercury_(planet)\" >Mercury<\/a>. On March 29, 1974, it becomes the first\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_probe\" >space probe<\/a>\u00a0to reach that planet.<\/p>\n<p>1975\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syed_Nazrul_Islam\" >Syed Nazrul Islam<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A._H._M._Qamaruzzaman\" >A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tajuddin_Ahmad\" >Tajuddin Ahmad<\/a>, and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Mansur_Ali\" >Muhammad Mansur Ali<\/a>, Bangladeshi politicians and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman\" >Sheikh Mujibur Rahman<\/a>\u00a0loyalists, are murdered in the Dhaka Central Jail.<\/p>\n<p>1978\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominica\" >Dominica<\/a>\u00a0gains its independence from the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p>1986\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\u2013Contra_affair\" >Iran\u2013Contra affair<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanon\" >Lebanese<\/a>\u00a0magazine\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ash-Shiraa\" ><em>Ash-Shiraa<\/em><\/a>\u00a0reports that the United States has been secretly selling weapons to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iran<\/a>\u00a0in order to secure the release of seven American\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hostage\" >hostages<\/a>\u00a0held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.<\/p>\n<p>1988\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lankan<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamil_people\" >Tamil<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercenary\" >mercenaries<\/a>\u00a0attempt to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1988_Maldives_coup_d%27\u00e9tat\" >overthrow<\/a>\u00a0the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maldives\" >Maldivian<\/a>\u00a0government. At President\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maumoon_Abdul_Gayoom\" >Maumoon Abdul Gayoom<\/a>&#8216;s request, the Indian military suppresses the rebellion within 24 hours.<\/p>\n<p>1997\u00a0 The United States imposes\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_sanctions\" >economic sanctions<\/a>\u00a0against\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudan\" >Sudan<\/a>\u00a0in response to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights_in_Sudan\" >its human rights abuses of its own citizens<\/a>\u00a0and its material and political assistance to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamic_extremism\" >Islamic extremist<\/a>\u00a0groups across the Middle East and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Africa\" >East Africa<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2014\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/One_World_Trade_Center\" >One World Trade Center<\/a>\u00a0officially opens in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City\" >New York City<\/a>, replacing the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Center_(1973\u20132001)\" >Twin Towers<\/a>\u00a0after they were destroyed during the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_11_attacks\" >September 11 attacks<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2022\u00a0 A\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethiopia\u2013Tigray_peace_agreement\" >peace agreement<\/a>\u00a0is signed between the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_Ethiopia\" >Ethiopian government<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tigray_People%27s_Liberation_Front\" >Tigray People&#8217;s Liberation Front<\/a>, ending the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tigray_War\" >Tigray War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>04 November<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1429\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armagnac\u2013Burgundian_Civil_War\" >Armagnac\u2013Burgundian Civil War<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joan_of_Arc\" >Joan of Arc<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Saint-Pierre-le-Mo\u00fbtier\" >liberates Saint-Pierre-le-Mo\u00fbtier<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/frances-leading-lady-155924716\/#:~:text=Today%2C%20scientists%20routinely%20propose%20medical%20and%20psychiatric%20explanations,diseases%20and%20brain%20tumors%20to%20schizophrenia%20and%20psychopathy.\" >France&#8217;s Leading Lady | History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/7-surprising-facts-about-joan-of-arc\" >7 Surprising Facts About Joan of Arc<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1783\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart\" >Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart<\/a>&#8216;s\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symphony_No._36_(Mozart)\" >Symphony No. 36<\/a>\u00a0is performed for the first time in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linz\" >Linz<\/a>, Austria.<\/p>\n<p>1868\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camag\u00fcey\" >Camag\u00fcey<\/a>, Cuba, revolts against Spain during the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ten_Years%27_War\" >Ten Years&#8217; War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1918\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti\" >Armistice of Villa Giusti<\/a>\u00a0between Italy and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary<\/a>\u00a0is implemented.<\/p>\n<p>1936\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_Civil_War\" >Spanish Civil War<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Largo_Caballero\" >Largo Caballero<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cabinet_reshuffle\" >reshuffles<\/a>\u00a0his\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_cabinet\" >war cabinet<\/a>, persuading the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anarcho-syndicalist\" >anarcho-syndicalist<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confederaci\u00f3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo\" >CNT<\/a>\u00a0to join the government.<u>.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1956\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a>\u00a0troops enter\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic\" >Hungary<\/a>\u00a0to end the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956\" >Hungarian revolution<\/a>\u00a0against the Soviet Union that started on\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/October_23\" >October 23<\/a>. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country.<\/p>\n<p>1960\u00a0 At the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kasakela_Chimpanzee_Community\" >Kasakela Chimpanzee Community<\/a>\u00a0in Tanzania, Dr.\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jane_Goodall\" >Jane Goodall<\/a>\u00a0observes\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_chimpanzee\" >chimpanzees<\/a>\u00a0creating tools, the first-ever observation in non-human animals.<\/p>\n<p>1962\u00a0 The United States concludes\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Fishbowl\" >Operation Fishbowl<\/a>, its final above-ground\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_testing\" >nuclear weapons testing<\/a>\u00a0series, in anticipation of the 1963\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Partial_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty\" >Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1966\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arno\" >Arno River<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1966_flood_of_the_Arno\" >floods<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florence\" >Florence<\/a>, Italy, to a maximum depth of 6.7\u00a0m (22\u00a0ft), leaving thousands homeless and destroying millions of masterpieces of art and rare books.\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1966_Venice_flood\" >Venice is also submerged<\/a>\u00a0on the same day at its record all-time\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acqua_alta\" >acqua alta<\/a>\u00a0of 194\u00a0cm (76\u00a0in).<\/p>\n<p>1970\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The United States turns over control of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Binh_Thuy_Air_Base\" >air base at B\u00ecnh Th\u1ee7y in the Mekong Delta<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1973\u00a0 The Netherlands experiences the first car-free Sunday caused by the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1973_oil_crisis\" >1973 oil crisis<\/a>. Highways are used only by\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyclist\" >cyclists<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roller_skaters\" >roller skaters<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1979\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran_hostage_crisis\" >Iran hostage crisis<\/a>: A group of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iranian<\/a>\u00a0college students overruns the U.S. embassy in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tehran\" >Tehran<\/a>\u00a0and takes 90 hostages.<\/p>\n<p>1995\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli\u2013Palestinian_conflict\" >Israel-Palestinian conflict<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israeli<\/a>\u00a0prime minister\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yitzhak_Rabin\" >Yitzhak Rabin<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination_of_Yitzhak_Rabin\" >assassinated<\/a>\u00a0by an extremist Israeli.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4lig50SPRME\" >Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/nov\/02\/israel-yitzhak-rabin-assassination-palestinian-military-solution\" >Israel lost not just Yitzhak Rabin, but his politics of reason<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/oct\/31\/assassination-yitzhak-rabin-never-knew-his-people-shot-him-in-back\" >The assassination of Yitzhak Rabin: \u2018He never knew it was one of his people who shot him in the back\u2019<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Oslo-Accords\" >O<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Oslo-Accords\" >sl<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Oslo-Accords\" >o Peace Accord <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Oslo-Accords\" >II<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/israelipalestinian.procon.org\/background-resources\/1995-oslo-interim-agreement\/\" >Full Text of <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/israelipalestinian.procon.org\/background-resources\/1995-oslo-interim-agreement\/\" >\u201c1995 Olso Interim Agreement\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/Map-of-Areas-A-B-and-C-after-Oslo-II_fig1_276258691\" >Map of Areas A, B, and C after Oslo II.\u00a0 | Download Scientific Diagram<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2023\/09\/13\/oslo-accords-1993-anniversary-israel-palestine-peace-process-lessons\/\" >Oslo Peace Accord <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2023\/09\/13\/oslo-accords-1993-anniversary-israel-palestine-peace-process-lessons\/\" >II<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2023\/09\/13\/oslo-accords-1993-anniversary-israel-palestine-peace-process-lessons\/\" >, Opposition<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2023\/09\/13\/oslo-accords-1993-anniversary-israel-palestine-peace-process-lessons\/\" >s and Difficulties<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/article-760074\" >Oslo: How hope for Israeli-Palestinian peace turned into despair<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/The-Oslo-Accords\" >Israel &#8211; Peace Process, Oslo II, Rabin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/difficult-deal-declassified-protocols-show-oslo-accords-okayed-with-marked-wariness\/\" >Declassified protocols show Oslo Accords okayed with marked wariness<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/world\/story\/assassination-of-israeli-pm-that-scuttled-peace-deal-with-palestine-1804799-2021-05-20\" ><em>Hamas and Islamic Jihad opposing the Oslo Peace Accord&#8230;Benjamin Netanyahu led the charge against Yitzhak Rabi<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2020\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tigray_War\" >Tigray War<\/a>\u00a0begins with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tigray_People%27s_Liberation_Front\" >Tigrayan rebels<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Command_attacks_(Ethiopia)\" >launching attacks on Ethiopian command centers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Tigray_War\" >Timeline of the Tigray War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/article\/ethiopia-tigray-conflict-explained.html\" >Why Is Ethiopia at War in the Tigray Region?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TQ3aUGceKA8\" >The conflict in Ethiopia\u2014who\u2019s fighting who, and why? &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UGVtdCGBy2U\" >Ethiopia-Tigray peace deal \u2013 YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-us\/news\/world\/researchers-verify-1329-hunger-deaths-in-ethiopias-tigray-region-since-cease-fire\/ar-AA1hh2LW\" >Researchers verify 1,329 hunger deaths in Ethiopia&#8217;s Tigray region since cease-fire<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>05 November<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1768\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Fort_Stanwix\" >Treaty of Fort Stanwix<\/a>\u00a0is signed, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763\" >Royal Proclamation of 1763<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thirteen_Colonies\" >Thirteen Colonies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1828\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_War_of_Independence\" >Greek War of Independence<\/a>: The French\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morea_expedition\" >Morea expedition<\/a>\u00a0to recapture Morea (now the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peloponnese\" >Peloponnese<\/a>) ends when the last Ottoman forces depart the peninsula.<\/p>\n<p>1862\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Indian_Wars\" >American Indian Wars<\/a>: In\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minnesota\" >Minnesota<\/a>, 303\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dakota_people\" >Dakota<\/a>\u00a0warriors are found guilty of rape and murder of whites and are sentenced to death. Thirty-eight are ultimately hanged and the others reprieved.<\/p>\n<p>1911\u00a0 After declaring war on the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a>\u00a0on\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_29\" >September 29<\/a>, 1911, Italy annexes\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tripoli,_Libya\" >Tripoli<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyrenaica\" >Cyrenaica<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1914\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Third_Republic\" >France<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Empire\" >British Empire<\/a>\u00a0declare war on the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1916\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1917\u201318)\" >Kingdom of Poland<\/a>\u00a0is proclaimed by the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Act_of_5th_November\" >Act of 5th November<\/a>\u00a0of the emperors of Germany and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1943\u00a0 World War II:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombing_of_the_Vatican\" >Bombing of the Vatican<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1950\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\" >Korean War<\/a>: British and Australian forces from the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/27th_British_Commonwealth_Brigade\" >27th British Commonwealth Brigade<\/a>\u00a0successfully halted the advancing Chinese\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/117th_Division_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)\" >117th Division<\/a>\u00a0during the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Pakchon\" >Battle of Pakchon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1956\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Crisis\" >Suez Crisis<\/a>: British and French paratroopers land in Egypt after a week-long bombing campaign.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/cold-war\/suez-crisis\" >Suez Crisis in the Cold War Era<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Suez_Crisis\" >Timeline of the Suez Crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/modern\/suez_01.shtml\" >British History in depth: The Suez Crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iwm.org.uk\/history\/why-was-the-suez-crisis-so-important\" >Why Was The Suez Crisis So Important?<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thecollector.com\/the-suez-canal-crisis-1956-explained\/\" ><em>I<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thecollector.com\/the-suez-canal-crisis-1956-explained\/\" ><em>n 1956, the president of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal, which had mostly been owned by British and French investors&#8230;Swiftly, Israel, Britain, and France moved to intervene and invaded Egypt.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/blog\/reboot\/1956-suez-crisis-humiliated-crumbling-british-empire-187321\" >The 1956 Suez Crisis Humiliated the Crumbling British Empire<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26273229\" >A Conflict Analysis of the Suez Canal Invasion of 1956<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/historynewsnetwork.org\/article\/169655\" >Suez Crisis, <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/historynewsnetwork.org\/article\/169655\" >CIA and MI6<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02684520008432605\" >The hidden \u2018alliance\u2019: The CIA and MI6 before and after Suez<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-31453-2_3\" >How Was British Intelligence Structured by the Time of the Suez Crisis?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/235013536_The_Eisenhower_Administration_and_the_Suez_Crisis_Spying_on_Allies_and_Friends\" >The Eisenhower Administration and the Suez Crisis: Spying on Allies and Friends<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2006\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saddam_Hussein\" >Saddam Hussein<\/a>, the former president of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a>, and his co-defendants\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barzan_Ibrahim_al-Tikriti\" >Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Awad_Hamed_al-Bandar\" >Awad Hamed al-Bandar<\/a>, are sentenced to death in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trial_of_Saddam_Hussein\" >the al-Dujail trial<\/a>\u00a0for their roles in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dujail_Massacre\" >the 1982 massacre of 148 Shia Muslims<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.memri.org\/reports\/trial-saddam-hussein-\u2013-interim-report\" >Saddam Hussein\u2019s Tri<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.memri.org\/reports\/trial-saddam-hussein-\u2013-interim-report\" >al<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=4961744\" >Timeline: Saddam&#8217;s Violent Road to Execution<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB116126898705397731\" >Timeline of the Hussein Trial<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/law2.umkc.edu\/FACULTY\/PROJECTS\/FTrials\/husseinlinks.html\" >The Saddam Hussein Trial: Selected Links and Bibliography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/339076-saddam-trial-victors-justice\/\" >T<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/339076-saddam-trial-victors-justice\/\" >he Victor\u2019<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/339076-saddam-trial-victors-justice\/\" >s \u201cJustice\u201d<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/story?id=90764&amp;page=1\" >Is Bush&#8217;s Iraq Stance Rooted in Revenge?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2002\/ALLPOLITICS\/09\/27\/bush.war.talk\/\" >Bush calls Saddam &#8216;the guy who tried to kill my dad<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/chinews-mtblog-2007-01-bush_saddams_revenge_killing-story.html\" >Bush: Saddam&#8217;s &#8216;revenge killing&#8217;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2008\/dec\/02\/george-bush-iraq-interview\" >Iraq war my biggest regret, Bush admits<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2023\/03\/21\/1165093926\/saddam-husseins-trial-was-meant-to-be-a-symbol-of-a-new-democratic-iraq\" ><em>The trial was supposed to serve as a model of justice&#8230;Instead, it became an exercise in revenge.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/statements\/2009\/10\/tragic-mistakes-made-trial-and-execution-saddam-hussein-must-not-be-repeated\" >TRAGIC MISTAKES MADE IN THE TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF SADDAM HUSSEIN MUST NOT BE REPEATED<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/casebook.icrc.org\/case-study\/iraq-trial-saddam-hussein\" >Iraq, The Trial of Saddam Hussein | How does law protect in war?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/339076-saddam-trial-victors-justice\/\" >Trial of Saddam Hussein was victor\u2019s justice<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalresearch.ca\/saddam-s-trial-in-context-episode-of-victors-injustice\/3775\" >Saddam\u2019s Trial in Context: Episode of Victors\u2019 Injustice<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 What Was the 2003 Iraq War?:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-cjriLK-y14\" >This will change how you think about the Iraq War. &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2023\/3\/20\/the-difficult-truth-us-propaganda-has-won-iraqs-battlespace\" >How US propaganda won Iraq\u2019s \u2018battlespace\u2019 | The Iraq War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/19\/opinion\/iraq-war-oil-juhasz\/index.html\" >Why the war in Iraq was fought for Big Oil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-you-cant-explain-the-iraq-war-without-mentioning-oil-59352\" >Why you can&#8217;t explain the Iraq War without mentioning oil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/earth-insight\/2014\/mar\/20\/iraq-war-oil-resources-energy-peak-scarcity-economy\" >Iraq invasion was about oil | Environment<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2021\/05\/23\/middleeast\/iraq-oil-money-us-invastion-intl\/index.html\" >Iraq oil money: $150 billion stolen from the country since 2003<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2016\/jul\/07\/us-and-britain-wrangled-over-iraqs-oil-in-aftermath-of-war-chilcot-shows\" >US and Britain wrangled over Iraq&#8217;s oil in aftermath of war | Iraq war<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/sep\/16\/iraq.iraqtimeline\" >Greenspan admits Iraq was about oil, as deaths put at 1.2m<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[4]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 From the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/the-persian-gulf-understanding-the-american-oil-strategy\/\" >Persian Gulf War<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=q9qe5rWiyNc\" >2003 Iraq War<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JH9zjozwNF8\" >How America&#8217;s energy obsession wrecked the Middle East &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/the-persian-gulf-understanding-the-american-oil-strategy\/\" >The Persian Gulf: Understanding the American Oil Strategy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/views\/2021\/03\/02\/operation-desert-storm-blood-oil\" >Opinion | Operation Desert Storm: Blood for Oil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Mk6_qwnd8tk\" >How the Iraq War Changed the World &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>_________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Satoshi Ashikaga is\u00a0a member of the\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace Development Environment<\/em><\/a><em>. Having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, he prefers a peaceful and prudent life.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, constantly remind him of the invaluableness of peace.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>30 Oct \u2013 5 Nov 2023<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":62806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[260],"class_list":["post-246525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=246525"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":246527,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246525\/revisions\/246527"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=246525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=246525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=246525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}