{"id":247251,"date":"2023-11-06T12:00:38","date_gmt":"2023-11-06T12:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=247251"},"modified":"2023-10-31T04:03:50","modified_gmt":"2023-10-31T04:03:50","slug":"this-week-in-history-176","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/11\/this-week-in-history-176\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_247252\" style=\"width: 296px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/history-logo-Vecteezy.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-247252\" class=\"size-full wp-image-247252\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/history-logo-Vecteezy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-247252\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vecteezy<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>6 \u2013 12 November 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Video of the Week:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=W1r1z3x53ZU\" >Gaza Palestine \ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddf8 Walking Tour | Gaza Strip Before The Attack 2023 | \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0629 &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>06 November<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1943\u00a0 \u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1st_Ukrainian_Front\" >1st Ukrainian Front<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)\" >liberates Kyiv<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine\" >German occupation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1971\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission\" >United States Atomic Energy Commission<\/a>\u00a0tests the largest U.S. underground\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydrogen_bomb\" >hydrogen bomb<\/a>, code-named\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cannikin\" >Cannikin<\/a>, on\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amchitka_Island\" >Amchitka Island<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aleutian_Islands\" >Aleutians<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/blog\/the-buzz\/the-story-project-cannikin-1971-the-us-miltiary-nuked-alaska-21564\" >Cannikin Test<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.military.com\/video\/nuclear-bombs\/nuclear-weapons\/cannikin-nuclear-test-footage\/1402452751001\" >Cannikin Nuclear Test Footage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cannikin.org\/livermore\/\" >Livermore &#8211; Cannikin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1JJEPBLL4E8\" >Largest Underground Nuclear Testing Project Cannikin 5 Megatons \u2013 YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/arvinash.com\/hydrogen-bomb-how-it-works-in-detail-atomic-vs-nuclear\/\" >Hydrogen Bomb<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermonuclear_weapon\" >Thermonuclear weapon<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/arvinash.com\/hydrogen-bomb-how-it-works-in-detail-atomic-vs-nuclear\/\" >Hydrogen Bomb: How it works \u2013 in detail. Atomic vs Nuclear.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/4954082\/hydrogen-bomb-atomic-bomb\/\" >Hydrogen Bomb vs Atomic: What Is the Difference?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1985\u00a0 \u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombian_conflict\" >Colombian conflict<\/a>, leftist\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guerrilla\" >guerrillas<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/19th_of_April_Movement\" >19th of April Movement<\/a>\u00a0seize control of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palace_of_Justice_siege\" >Palace of Justice<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bogot\u00e1\" >Bogot\u00e1<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2002\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jiang_Lijun\" >Jiang Lijun<\/a>\u00a0is detained by Chinese police for signing the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Letter_to_the_16th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party\" >Open Letter to the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party<\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>2016\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syrian_civil_war\" >Syrian civil war<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syrian_Democratic_Forces\" >Syrian Democratic Forces<\/a>\u00a0(SDF) launch an\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raqqa_campaign_(2016\u20132017)\" >offensive<\/a>\u00a0to capture the city of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raqqa\" >Raqqa<\/a>\u00a0from the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant\" >Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant<\/a>\u00a0(ISIL).<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Islamic-State-in-Iraq-and-the-Levant\" >ISIL<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/america.aljazeera.com\/articles\/2014\/9\/18\/isil-threat-explained.html\" >Who, what and where is ISIL?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GU2avVIHde8\" >How the US Created the Islamic State: Talking Heads \u2013 YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TimxTtvKgUc\" >ISIS Is The Hand Of America, Created By The U.S., Says Syrian Ambassador To India &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/story\/is-it-isis-or-isil\" >Is It ISIS or ISIL?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Islamic_State#Syrian_Civil_War\" >History of the Islamic State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/article\/timeline-the-rise-spread-and-fall-the-islamic-state\" >Timeline: the Rise, Spread, and Fall of the Islamic State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war\" >Syrian Civil War<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/article\/timeline-the-rise-spread-and-fall-the-islamic-state\" >ISIL<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/facts\/Syrian-Civil-War\" >Syrian Civil War Facts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/soapboxie.com\/world-politics\/What-is-the-Syrian-Conflict\" >Isis and the Syrian Civil War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Opposition\u2013Islamic_State_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war\" >Opposition\u2013Islamic State conflict during the Syrian civil war<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.csis.org\/programs\/emeritus-chair-strategy\/regions-and-countries\/iraq-isis-and-syrian-war\" >Iraq, ISIS and the Syrian War<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalresearch.ca\/america-created-al-qaeda-and-the-isis-terror-group\/5402881\" >ISIL<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CIA_activities_in_Syria\" >the<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CIA_activities_in_Syria\" > U.S. <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CIA_activities_in_Syria\" >(CIA) <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CIA_activities_in_Syria\" >and the Syrian Civil War<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalresearch.ca\/america-created-al-qaeda-and-the-isis-terror-group\/5402881\" >America Created Al-Qaeda and the ISIS Terror Group<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war\" >American intervention in the Syrian civil war<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/iran-accusations-isis-islamic-state-us-uk-israel\/26636912.html\" >Iran&#8217;s Former Intel Minister: Mossad, MI6, And CIA Created Islamic State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.snopes.com\/fact-check\/obama-cia-isis-train\/\" >Did Obama &#8216;Order the CIA to Train Islamic State&#8217;?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/jun\/03\/us-isis-syria-iraq\" >Now the truth emerges: how the US fuelled the rise of Isis in Syria and Iraq<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsws.org\/en\/articles\/2003\/10\/syri-o06.html\" >CIA-MI6 planned to assassinate Syrian leaders in 1957<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/article\/us-and-aftermath-isis\" >The U.S. and the Aftermath of ISIS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[4]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/terror-industrial-complex-isis-munitions-supply-chain\/\" >The U.S.\/CIA Support for ISIL\/Syrian Rebles<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalresearch.ca\/u-s-helicopter-delivering-weapons-to-the-islamic-state-isis-shot-down-by-iraqi-popular-forces\/5434230\" >Terrorists Supported by America: U.S. Helicopter Delivering Weapons to the Islamic State (ISIS), Shot Down by Iraqi &#8220;Popular Forces&#8221;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/world\/isis-weapons-arsenal-included-some-purchased-u-s-government-n829201\" >ISIS weapons arsenal included some purchased by U.S. government<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mintpressnews.com\/us-support-isis\/245868\/\" >Does the US Support ISIS? Yes and Here Are 5 Times the US Actively Did<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/syrianews.cc\/syria-cia-sends-weapons-terrorists\/\" >Syria: CIA Sends Weapons to Terrorists Within Next Weeks<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/cia-begins-weapons-delivery-to-syrian-rebels\/2013\/09\/11\/9fcf2ed8-1b0c-11e3-a628-7e6dde8f889d_story.html\" >CIA begins weapons delivery to Syrian rebels<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/middleeast\/la-fg-cia-pentagon-isis-20160327-story.html\" >In Syria, militias armed by the Pentagon fight those armed by the CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/how-isis-got-weapons-us-used-them-take-iraq-syria-748468\" >How ISIS Got Weapons From the U.S. and Used Them to Take Iraq and Syria<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>07 November<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1893\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States\" >Women&#8217;s suffrage<\/a>: Women in the U.S. state of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colorado\" >Colorado<\/a>\u00a0are granted the right to vote, the second state to do so.<\/p>\n<p>1900\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Party_(Cuba)\" >People&#8217;s Party<\/a>\u00a0is founded in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" >Cuba<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1907\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jes\u00fas_Garc\u00eda\" >Jes\u00fas Garc\u00eda<\/a>\u00a0saves the entire town of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nacozari_de_Garc\u00eda\" >Nacozari de Garc\u00eda<\/a>\u00a0by driving a burning train full of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dynamite\" >dynamite<\/a>\u00a0six kilometers (3.7 miles) away before it can explode.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=DsbOQOo8XD8\" >The story of Jesus and the Dynamite train nobody gets right &#8211; Jes\u00fas Garc\u00eda &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1917\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_Battle_of_Gaza\" >Third Battle of Gaza<\/a>\u00a0ends, with British forces capturing\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaza_City\" >Gaza<\/a>\u00a0from the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1918\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1918_influenza_epidemic\" >1918 influenza epidemic<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GbWkzodmM_w\" >spreads to\u00a0<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GbWkzodmM_w\" >Western Samoa<\/a>, killing 7,542 (about 20% of the population) by the end of the year.<\/p>\n<p>1918\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kurt_Eisner\" >Kurt Eisner<\/a>\u00a0overthrows the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wittelsbach_dynasty\" >Wittelsbach dynasty<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Bavaria\" >Kingdom of Bavaria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1920\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patriarch_Tikhon_of_Moscow\" >Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow<\/a>\u00a0issues a decree that leads to the formation of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_Russia\" >Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1944\u00a0 Soviet spy\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Sorge\" >Richard Sorge<\/a>, a half-Russian, half-German World War I veteran, is hanged by his Japanese captors along with 34 of his ring.<\/p>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/jacobin.com\/2021\/06\/richard-sorge-kpd-soviet-communist-spy-imperial-japan-nazi-owen-matthews-impeccable-spy-book-review\" >Richard Sorge, Nazis<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.journalistandspy.com\/p\/hotsumi-ozaki\" >Hotsumi Ozak<\/a>i]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/jacobin.com\/2021\/06\/richard-sorge-kpd-soviet-communist-spy-imperial-japan-nazi-owen-matthews-impeccable-spy-book-review\" >The Secret Life of Communist Richard Sorge, Hitler\u2019s Nemesis and the World\u2019s Greatest Spy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/anti-fascist-spy-who-defied-hitlers-nazis-and-was-betrayed-stalin\" >An anti-fascist spy who defied Hitler&#8217;s Nazis and was betrayed by Stalin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/week-asia\/people\/article\/3165169\/why-does-russia-want-dig-greatest-spy-all-time-richard-sorge-tokyo\" >Why does Russia want to dig up the \u2018greatest spy of all time\u2019 Richard <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/week-asia\/people\/article\/3165169\/why-does-russia-want-dig-greatest-spy-all-time-richard-sorge-tokyo\" >Sorge from a Tokyo cemetery?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nippon.com\/en\/nipponblog\/m00143\/\" >Tokyo Espionage: Legendary Soviet Spy Richard Sorge<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1949\u00a0 The first oil was taken in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neft_Da\u015flar\u0131\" >Oil Rocks (Neft Da\u015flar\u0131)<\/a>, the world&#8217;s oldest offshore oil platform.<\/p>\n<p>1956\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Crisis\" >Suez Crisis<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_General_Assembly\" >United Nations General Assembly<\/a>\u00a0adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a>\u00a0to immediately withdraw their troops from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/cold-war\/suez-crisis\" >Suez Crisis in the Cold War Era<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ETOUALw2EIs\" >The Other Side of Suez (BBC Documentary) &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/anglotopia.net\/british-history\/british-empire\/british-history-showdown-at-suez-eden-nasser-and-the-end-of-empire-long-read\/\" >British History: Showdown at Suez<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/modern\/suez_01.shtml\" >British History in depth: The Suez Crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/milestones\/suez-crisis-1956?language_content_entity=en\" >The Suez Crisis (1956) | Origins<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>The\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Suez<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Crisis was provoked by an American and British decision not to finance\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Egypt<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>\u2019<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>s construction of the\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>Aswan High Dam<\/em><\/a><em><u>..<\/u><\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" ><em>.<\/em><\/a><em>\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Suez_Crisis\" ><em>Timeline of the Suez Crisis<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" >Suez<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" > Crisis and the Protocol of S\u00e8<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" >v<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_of_S\u00e8vres\" >res<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archives.mod.gov.il\/sites\/English\/Exhibitions\/Pages\/Operation-Kadesh.aspx\" >Operation Kadesh \u2013 the Suez Crisis 1956<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/users.ox.ac.uk\/~ssfc0005\/The%20Protocol%20of%20Sevres%201956%20Anatomy%20of%20a%20War%20Plot.html\" >The Protocol of Sevres 1956 Anatomy of a War Plot<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02684520008432605\" >CIA, <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02684520008432605\" >MI6<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ifcj.org\/news\/stand-for-israel-blog\/eli-cohen-the-spy-who-helped-win-the-six-day-war\" >Mossad<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ifcj.org\/news\/stand-for-israel-blog\/eli-cohen-the-spy-who-helped-win-the-six-day-war\" > and the Suez Crisis<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nlpwessex.org\/docs\/BBCSuez.htm\" >Eden Wanted Nasser Murdered As MI6 Plotted Regime Change In Egypt, Syria, And Saudi Arabia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-42012380\" ><em>The documents show that MI6 continued to target Egypt&#8217;s President Nasser after the 1956 Suez crisis<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-37788072\" >Suez Crisis: The MI6 secretary with a ringside seat<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/historynewsnetwork.org\/article\/169655\" ><em>Less is <\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/historynewsnetwork.org\/article\/169655\" ><em>known about MI6 and the CIA collusion with Iraq and Jordan before \u2013 and immediately after \u2013 Suez\u2026<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/world\/mossad-finally-reveals-how-master-spy-eli-cohen-who-came-close-to-being-syrias-defence-minister-was-caught-11796281.html\" >Mossad finally reveals how master spy Eli Cohen who came close to being Syria\u2019s defence minister was caught<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[4]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/peacekeeping.un.org\/en\/mission\/past\/unef1backgr1.html\" >FIRST UNITED NATIONS EMERGENCY FORCE (UNEF I)<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/60669759.pdf\" >Revisiting the first United Nations peacekeeping intervention in Egypt and the Gaza Strip, 1956-1967<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/depts\/dhl\/dag\/docs\/a3256e.pdf\" >U<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/depts\/dhl\/dag\/docs\/a3256e.pdf\" >N DOCUMENT A\/3256<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1956\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956\" >Hungarian Revolution<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J\u00e1nos_K\u00e1d\u00e1r\" >J\u00e1nos K\u00e1d\u00e1r<\/a>\u00a0returns to Budapest in a Soviet armored convoy, officially taking office as the next Hungarian leader. By this point, most armed resistance has been defeated.<\/p>\n<p>1957\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cold_War\" >Cold War<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaither_Report\" >Gaither Report<\/a>\u00a0calls for more American missiles and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fallout_shelter\" >fallout shelters<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1983\u00a0 \u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cold_War\" >Cold War<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Command_post_exercise\" >command post exercise<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Able_Archer_83\" >Able Archer 83<\/a>\u00a0begins, eventually leading to the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>\u00a0to place air units in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East Germany<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polish_People%27s_Republic\" >Poland<\/a>\u00a0on alert, for fear that\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO\" >NATO<\/a>\u00a0was preparing for war.<\/p>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ahf.nuclearmuseum.org\/ahf\/history\/nuclear-close-calls-able-archer-83\/\" >Able Archer 83<\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/able-archer\" >Able Archer: The NATO exercise that almost went nuclear<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/the-1983-military-drill-that-nearly-sparked-nuclear-war-with-the-soviets-180979980\/\" >Able Archer 83 Nearly Sparked Nuclear War With the Soviets<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/armscontrolcenter.org\/the-soviet-false-alarm-incident-and-able-archer-83\/\" >The Soviet False Alarm Incident and Able Archer 83<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00963402.2023.2199577\" >Full article: Able Archer: How close of a call was it?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national-security\/soviet-nuclear-war-able-archer\/2021\/02\/17\/711fa9e2-7166-11eb-93be-c10813e358a2_story.html\" >Newly released documents shed light on 1983 nuclear war scare with Soviets.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/project\/able-archer-83-sourcebook\" >The Able Archer 83 Sourcebook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1989\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East German<\/a>\u00a0Prime Minister\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Willi_Stoph\" >Willi Stoph<\/a>, along with his entire cabinet, is forced to resign after huge anti-government protests.<\/p>\n<p>2004\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq_War\" >Iraq War<\/a>: The interim government of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a>\u00a0calls for a 60-day\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_of_emergency\" >state of emergency<\/a>\u00a0as U.S. forces storm the insurgent stronghold of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fallujah\" >Fallujah<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-cjriLK-y14\" >This will change how you think about the Iraq War. &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2023\/3\/20\/the-difficult-truth-us-propaganda-has-won-iraqs-battlespace\" >How US propaganda won Iraq\u2019s \u2018battlespace\u2019 | The Iraq War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/the-shadow-of-the-iraq-war-lingers-on\/a-65012953\" >The shadow of the Iraq war lingers on<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>08 November<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1937\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazism\" >Nazi<\/a>\u00a0exhibition\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Eternal_Jew_(art_exhibition)\" ><em>Der ewige Jude<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(&#8220;The Eternal Jew&#8221;) opens in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich\" >Munich<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1942\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Resistance\" >French Resistance<\/a>\u00a0coup in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algiers\" >Algiers<\/a>, in which 400 civilian French patriots neutralize\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vichy_France\" >Vichyist<\/a>\u00a0XIXth Army Corps after 15 hours of fighting, and arrest several Vichyist generals, allowing the immediate success of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Torch\" >Operation Torch<\/a>\u00a0in Algiers.<\/p>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/the-french-vichy-regime\" >Vichy Regime\/Vichy France<\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.calendarz.com\/on-this-day\/november\/8\/world-war-ii\" >Operation Torch &#8211; November 8, 1942<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vichy_France\" >Vichy France<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_Vichy_France\" >Government of Vichy France<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vichy_anti-Jewish_legislation\" >Vichy anti-Jewish legislation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/kidadl.com\/facts\/33-french-resistance-facts-vichy-regime-during-the-ww-2\" >33 French Resistance Facts: Vichy Regime During WW2!<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/vichy-government-france-world-war-ii-willingly-collaborated-nazis-180967160\/\" ><em>The authoritarian government led by Marshal P\u00e9tain participated in Jewish expulsions and turned France into a quasi-police state<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ww2db.com\/person_bio.php?person_id=120\" >Philippe P\u00e9tain | World War II Database<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/feature\/fall-france-revisited-why-america-supported-vichy-regime-198786\" >Why America Supported the Vichy Regime<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.coastal.edu\/ugrc\/2022\/fullconference\/47\/\" >The Internal Contradictions of the Vichy Regime<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalww2museum.org\/war\/articles\/robert-paxton-vichy-france\" >Confronting the Histories of Vichy and European Fascism<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vichy_Holocaust_collaboration_timeline\" >Vichy H<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vichy_Holocaust_collaboration_timeline\" >olocaust collaboration timeline<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1950\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\" >Korean War<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Air_Force\" >United States Air Force<\/a>\u00a0Lt. Russell J. Brown, while piloting an\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F-80_Shooting_Star\" >F-80 Shooting Star<\/a>, shoots down two\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea\" >North Korean<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15\" >MiG-15s<\/a>\u00a0in the first\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jet_aircraft\" >jet aircraft<\/a>-to-jet aircraft\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dogfight\" >dogfight<\/a>\u00a0in history.<\/p>\n<p>1957\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Grapple#Grapple_X_(1_test)\" >Operation Grapple X, Round C1<\/a>: The United Kingdom conducts its first successful\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydrogen_bomb\" >hydrogen bomb<\/a>\u00a0test over\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiritimati\" >Kiritimati<\/a>\u00a0in the Pacific.<\/p>\n<p>1965\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory\" >British Indian Ocean Territory<\/a>\u00a0is created, consisting of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chagos_Archipelago\" >Chagos Archipelago<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aldabra\" >Aldabra<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farquhar_Group\" >Farquhar<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Des_Roches\" >Des Roches<\/a>\u00a0islands.<\/p>\n<p>1968\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic\" >Vienna Convention on Road Traffic<\/a>\u00a0is signed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by standardizing the uniform traffic rules among the signatories.<\/p>\n<p>2002\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq_disarmament_crisis\" >Iraq disarmament crisis<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_1441\" >UN Security Council Resolution 1441<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council\" >United Nations Security Council<\/a>\u00a0unanimously approves a resolution on\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ba%27athist_Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a>, forcing\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saddam_Hussein\" >Saddam Hussein<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disarmament\" >disarm<\/a>\u00a0or face &#8220;serious consequences&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>2004\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq_War\" >Iraq War<\/a>: More than 10,000 U.S. troops and a small number of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraqi<\/a>\u00a0army units participate in a siege on the insurgent stronghold of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fallujah\" >Fallujah<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2006\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli\u2013Palestinian_conflict\" >Israeli-Palestinian conflict<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel_Defense_Forces\" >Israeli Defense Force<\/a>\u00a0kill 19\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinians\" >Palestinian<\/a>\u00a0civilians in their homes during the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_shelling_of_Beit_Hanoun\" >shelling of Beit Hanoun<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2020\u00a0 Myanmar holds the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Myanmar_general_election\" >2020 general election<\/a>, re-electing a government led by the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_League_for_Democracy\" >National League for Democracy<\/a>, which is deposed by the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tatmadaw\" >Burmese military<\/a>\u00a0the following February during the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27\u00e9tat\" >2021 Myanmar coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>09 November<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1917\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balfour_Declaration\" >Balfour Declaration<\/a>\u00a0is published in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Times\" >The Times<\/a>\u00a0newspaper.:<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/opinion\/2017-11-02\/ty-article\/.premium\/britains-true-motivation-behind-the-balfour-declaration\/0000017f-dc3d-d3ff-a7ff-fdbdc5ed0000\" >Britain&#8217;s True Motivation Behind the Balfour Declaration<\/a><u>:<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/interactive.aljazeera.com\/aje\/2017\/behind-balfour\/index.html\" >Who was behind the Balfour Declaration?<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/israelpalestinenews.org\/wrote-balfour-declaration-world-war-connection\/\" ><em>The final version of the Declaration was actually written by Leopold Amery, a British official who&#8230;was a secret and fervent Zionist.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vLIBZ1Fewco\" >The letter that led to the founding of Israel<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kI_spMxp6t8\" >How Israel Was Created &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EtvqioF81BU\" >How Zionists Came to Palestine Under British Protection (Documentary) &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1953\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodia\" >Cambodia<\/a>\u00a0gains independence from France.<\/p>\n<p>1965\u00a0 A\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catholic_Worker_Movement\" >Catholic Worker Movement<\/a>\u00a0member,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roger_Allen_LaPorte\" >Roger Allen LaPorte<\/a>, protesting against the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-immolation\" >sets himself on fire<\/a>\u00a0in front of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>\u00a0building.<\/p>\n<p>1970\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States\" >Supreme Court of the United States<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Massachusetts_v._Laird\" >votes 6\u20133 against hearing a case<\/a>\u00a0to allow\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Massachusetts\" >Massachusetts<\/a>\u00a0to enforce its law granting residents the right to refuse military service in an undeclared war.<\/p>\n<p>1979\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cold_War\" >Cold War<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command#False_alarms\" >Nuclear false alarm<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command\" >NORAD<\/a>\u00a0computers and the Alternate National Military Command Center in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fort_Ritchie,_Maryland\" >Fort Ritchie, Maryland<\/a>\u00a0detected purported massive\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a>\u00a0nuclear strike. After reviewing the raw data from satellites and checking the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Early-warning_radar\" >early-warning radars<\/a>, the alert is cancelled.<\/p>\n<p>1989\u00a0 Cold War:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall\" >Fall of the Berlin Wall<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East Germany<\/a>\u00a0opens\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Border_checkpoint\" >checkpoints<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin_Wall\" >Berlin Wall<\/a>, allowing its citizens to travel to West Berlin.<\/p>\n<p>1993\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stari_Most\" >Stari Most<\/a>, the &#8220;old bridge&#8221; in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina\" >Bosnian<\/a>\u00a0city of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mostar\" >Mostar<\/a>, built in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1566\" >1566<\/a>, collapses after several days of bombing by Croat forces during the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croat\u2013Bosniak_War\" >Croat\u2013Bosniak War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1994\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemical_element\" >chemical element<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Darmstadtium\" >darmstadtium<\/a>\u00a0is discovered.<\/p>\n<p>1998\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_Kingdom\" >Capital punishment in the United Kingdom<\/a>, already abolished for murder, is completely abolished for all remaining capital offenses.<\/p>\n<p>2014\u00a0 A\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalan_self-determination_referendum\" >non-binding self-determination consultation<\/a>\u00a0is held in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalonia\" >Catalonia<\/a>, asking Catalan citizens their opinion on whether Catalonia should become a state and, if so, whether it should be an independent state<\/p>\n<p>2020<strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War\" >Second Nagorno-Karabakh War<\/a>: An armistice\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement\" >agreement<\/a>\u00a0is signed by\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armenia\" >Armenia<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Azerbaijan\" >Azerbaijan<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russia<\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War\" >Second Nagorno-Karabakh War<\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/09\/20\/asia\/azerbaijan-armenia-nagorno-karabakh-explainer-intl\/index.html\" >Azerbaijan-Armenia: The conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh explained<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/content\/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-visual-explainer\" >The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Visual Explainer<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/renewed-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-reading-between-front-lines\" >A Renewed Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: Reading Between the Front Lines<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2021\/01\/confidence-and-catastrophe-armenia-and-the-second-nagorno-karabakh-war\/\" >Confidence and Catastrophe: Armenia and the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ponarseurasia.org\/the-second-nagorno-karabakh-war-in-a-global-south-perspective\/\" >The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in a Global South Perspective<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/madsciblog.tradoc.army.mil\/317-top-attack-lessons-learned-from-the-second-nagorno-karabakh-war\/\" >Lessons Learned from the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>10 November<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1821\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Gesture_of_Rufina_Alfaro\" >Cry of Independence<\/a>\u00a0by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rufina_Alfaro\" >Rufina Alfaro<\/a> at\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Santos_District\" >La Villa de Los Santos<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama\" >Panama<\/a>\u00a0setting into motion a revolt which led to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Panama#Independence\" >Panama&#8217;s independence from Spain<\/a>\u00a0and to it immediately becoming part of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gran_Colombia\" >Colombia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1918\u00a0 The Western Union Cable Office in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Sydney,_Nova_Scotia\" >North Sydney, Nova Scotia<\/a>, receives a top-secret coded message from Europe (that would be sent to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottawa\" >Ottawa<\/a>\u00a0and Washington, D.C.) that said on\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/November_11,_1918\" >November 11, 1918<\/a>, all fighting would cease on land, sea and in the air.<\/p>\n<p>1942\u00a0 World War II:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Germany<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Case_Anton\" >invades Vichy France<\/a>\u00a0following French Admiral\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran\u00e7ois_Darlan\" >Fran\u00e7ois Darlan<\/a>&#8216;s agreement to an armistice with the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allies<\/a>\u00a0in North Africa.<\/p>\n<p>1970\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamization\" >Vietnamization<\/a>: For the first time in five years, an entire week ends with no reports of American combat fatalities in Southeast Asia.<\/p>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FzFIDTs3WtI\" >Louis Armstrong &#8211; What a Wonderful World<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_allied_military_operations_of_the_Vietnam_War_(1970)\" >List of allied military operations of the Vietnam War (1970)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/alphahistory.com\/vietnamwar\/vietnam-war-timeline-1968-1970\/\" >Vietnam War timeline: 1968 to 1970<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/vietnam-war\/vietnam-war-timeline\" >Vietnam War Timeline &#8211; Lead-Up, Battles &amp; Deaths<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/vietnam-photos\/\" >The Vietnam War: The Pictures That Moved That Most<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/allthatsinteresting.com\/vietnam-war-photos#6\" >44 Declassified Vietnam War Photos The Public Wasn&#8217;t Meant To See<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sheg.stanford.edu\/history-lessons\/anti-vietnam-war-movement\" >Anti-Vietnam War Movement | Stanford History Education Group<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1975\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli\u2013Palestinian_conflict\" >Israeli-Palestinian conflict<\/a>: the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_General_Assembly\" >United Nations General Assembly<\/a>\u00a0passes\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Resolution_3379\" >Resolution 3379<\/a>, determining that\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zionism\" >Zionism<\/a>\u00a0is a form of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racism\" >racism<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.presidency.ucsb.edu\/documents\/statement-press-secretary-fitzwater-the-revocation-resolution-3379-the-united-nations\" >UNGA Resolution 3379 and Its Revocation<\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-181963\/\" >Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-180327\/\" >Racism and racial discrimination\/Revocation of resolution 3379<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/archive\/politics\/1991\/12\/17\/un-repeals-resolution-linking-zionism-to-racism\/70349a7c-ae07-40ea-b37d-ee711e0636eb\/\" >N. REPEALS RESOLUTION LINKING ZIONISM TO RACISM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/2015\/11\/resolution-declared-zionism\/\" >US and Israel rewrite history of UN resolution that declared Zionism is racism<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/media.un.org\/en\/asset\/k11\/k111akwmez\" >The Battle on Zionism at the UN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/american-journal-of-international-law\/article\/race-palestine-and-international-law\/BFAC419AF622082D82D9D28BCAEE6D72\" >Race, Palestine, and International Law<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1989\u00a0 Germans begin to tear down the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall\" >Berlin Wall<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JZNSL9fT74Q\" >Life Behind the Berlin Wall &#8211; Full Video &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2006\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Tamil\" >Sri Lankan Tamil<\/a>\u00a0politician\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nadarajah_Raviraj\" >Nadarajah Raviraj<\/a>\u00a0is assassinated in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombo\" >Colombo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-srilanka-war-timeline-sb-idUSTRE54F16620090518\" >Sri Lankan Civil War<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/the-sri-lankan-civil-war-195086\" >Overview of the Sri Lankan Civil War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-srilanka-war-timeline-sb-idUSTRE54F16620090518\" >TIMELINE: Sri Lanka&#8217;s 25-year civil war<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/hir.harvard.edu\/sri-lankan-civil-war\/\" >The Sri Lankan Civil War and Its History, Revisited in 2020<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/sri-lankan-conflict\" >The Sri Lankan Conflict<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam\" >Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-61411532\" >Sri Lanka crisis: How war heroes became villains<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/menafn.com\/1107216764\/Roots-Of-Ethnic-Contestation-In-Sri-Lankas-Eastern-Province\" >Roots Of Ethnic Contestation In Sri Lanka&#8217;s Eastern Province<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/asia\/south-asia\/sri-lanka\/war-crimes-sri-lanka\" >War Crimes in the Sri Lank<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/asia\/south-asia\/sri-lanka\/war-crimes-sri-lanka\" >a<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_crimes_during_the_final_stages_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War\" >War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-56502221\" >UN to collect evidence of alleged Sri Lanka war crimes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sri Lanka and the Foreign Intelligence Community:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War\" >Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/raw-indias-external-intelligence-agency\" >RAW: India\u2019s External Intelligence Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sangam.org\/the-politics-behind-the-cia-controversy-in-sri-lanka\/\" >The Politics Behind the CIA Controversy in Sri Lanka<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/truthrocker.livejournal.com\/384584.html\" >Mossad in Sri Lanka<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2020\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armenia\" >Armenia<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Azerbaijan\" >Azerbaijan<\/a>\u00a0sign a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement\" >ceasefire agreement<\/a>, ending the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War\" >Second Nagorno-Karabakh War<\/a>, and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020\u20132021_Armenian_protests\" >prompting protests in Armenia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>11 November<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1215\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran\" >Fourth Council of the Lateran<\/a>\u00a0meets, defining the doctrine of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transubstantiation\" >transubstantiation<\/a>, the process by which bread and wine are, by that doctrine, said to transform into the body and blood of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christ\" >Christ<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1865\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Sinchula\" >Treaty of Sinchula<\/a>\u00a0is signed whereby\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bhutan\" >Bhutan<\/a>\u00a0cedes the areas east of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teesta_River\" >Teesta River<\/a>\u00a0to the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_East_India_Company\" >British East India Company<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1918\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: Germany signs an\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armistice_of_11_November_1918\" >armistice<\/a>\u00a0agreement with\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_I\" >the Allies<\/a>\u00a0in a railroad car in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forest_of_Compi\u00e8gne\" >forest of Compi\u00e8gne<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1919\u00a0 Latvian forces defeat the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Russian_Volunteer_Army\" >West Russian Volunteer Army<\/a>\u00a0at Riga in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvian_War_of_Independence\" >Latvian War of Independence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1923\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler\" >Adolf Hitler<\/a>\u00a0is arrested in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich\" >Munich<\/a>\u00a0for\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High_treason\" >high treason<\/a>\u00a0for his role in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beer_Hall_Putsch\" >Beer Hall Putsch<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1940\u00a0 World War II: The German auxiliary cruiser\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_auxiliary_cruiser_Atlantis\" ><em>Atlantis<\/em><\/a>\u00a0captures\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Classified_information\" >top secret<\/a>\u00a0British mail from the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SS_Automedon\" ><em>Automedon<\/em><\/a>, and sends it to Japan.<\/p>\n<p>1962\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuwait\" >Kuwait<\/a>&#8216;s National Assembly ratifies the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Kuwait\" >Constitution of Kuwait<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Kuwait\" >History of Kuwait<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_wars_involving_Kuwait\" >List of wars involving Kuwait<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait\" >Iraqi invasion of Kuwait<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\u2013Kuwait_relations\" >Israel\u2013Kuwait relations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-ae\/news\/featured\/kuwait-stands-with-palestine\/ar-AA1hT2mU\" >KUWAIT STANDS WITH PALESTINE<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1965\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Rhodesia\" >Southern Rhodesia<\/a>&#8216;s Prime Minister\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ian_Smith\" >Ian Smith<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence\" >unilaterally declares the colony independent<\/a>\u00a0as the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_historical_unrecognized_states_and_dependencies\" >unrecognised state<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhodesia\" >Rhodesia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1967\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: In a propaganda ceremony in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phnom_Penh\" >Phnom Penh<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodia\" >Cambodia<\/a>, three American prisoners of war are released by the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viet_Cong\" >Viet Cong<\/a>\u00a0and turned over to &#8220;new left&#8221; antiwar activist\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tom_Hayden\" >Tom Hayden<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1968\u00a0 Vietnam War:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Commando_Hunt\" >Operation Commando Hunt<\/a>\u00a0initiated. The goal is to interdict men and supplies on the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ho_Chi_Minh_trail\" >Ho Chi Minh trail<\/a>, through\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laos\" >Laos<\/a>\u00a0into\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/list\/vietnam-war-timeline\" >Timeline of the Vietnam War<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1968_in_the_Vietnam_War#November\" >1968 in the Vietnam War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outline_of_the_Vietnam_War\" >Outline of the Vietnam War<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rollingthunderremembered.com\/commando-hunt-11-november-1968-to-29-march-1972\/\" >Commando Hunt: 11-November 1968 to 29 March 1972<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_Assistance_Command,_Vietnam_\u2013_Studies_and_Observations_Group#Commando_Hunt\" >Military Assistance Command, Vietnam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_allied_military_operations_of_the_Vietnam_War_(1968)\" >List of allied military operations of the Vietnam War (1968)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1972\u00a0 Vietnam War:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamization\" >Vietnamization<\/a>: The United States Army turns over the massive\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_Binh_military_base\" >Long Binh military base<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1975\u00a0 Independence of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Angola\" >Angola<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2004\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestine_Liberation_Organization\" >Palestine Liberation Organization<\/a>\u00a0confirms the death of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yasser_Arafat\" >Yasser Arafat<\/a>\u00a0from unidentified causes.\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahmoud_Abbas\" >Mahmoud Abbas<\/a>\u00a0is elected chairman of the PLO minutes later.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>12 November<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1912\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Balkan_War\" >First Balkan War<\/a>: King\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_I_of_Greece\" >George I of Greece<\/a>\u00a0makes a triumphal entry into\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thessaloniki\" >Thessaloniki<\/a>\u00a0after its liberation from 482 years of Ottoman rule.<\/p>\n<p>1918\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dissolution_of_Austria-Hungary\" >Dissolution of Austria-Hungary<\/a>: Austria becomes a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Austrian_Republic\" >republic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1920\u00a0 Italy and the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia\" >Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes<\/a>\u00a0sign the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Rapallo_(1920)\" >Treaty of Rapallo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1927\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leon_Trotsky\" >Leon Trotsky<\/a>\u00a0is expelled from the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Communist_Party\" >Soviet Communist Party<\/a>, leaving\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Stalin\" >Joseph Stalin<\/a>\u00a0in undisputed control of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1933\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany<\/a>\u00a0uses a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1933_German_referendum\" >referendum<\/a>\u00a0to ratify its withdrawal from the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/League_of_Nations\" >League of Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/1938-key-dates\" >1938 Nazi Germany<\/a> issues the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/timeline-event\/holocaust\/1933-1938\/exclusion-of-jews-from-german-economic-life\" >Decree on the Elimination of Jews from Economic Life<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"prohibiting%20Jews%20from%20selling%20goods%20and%20services%20or%20working%20in%20a%20trade,%20totally%20segregating%20Jews\">prohibiting Jews from selling goods and services or working in a trade, totally segregating Jews<\/a> from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany\" >German economy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1940\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Gabon\" >Battle of Gabon<\/a>\u00a0ends as\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_French_Forces\" >Free French Forces<\/a>\u00a0take\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libreville\" >Libreville<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gabon\" >Gabon<\/a>, and all of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Equatorial_Africa\" >French Equatorial Africa<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vichy_France\" >Vichy French<\/a>\u00a0forces.<\/p>\n<p>1940\u00a0 World War II: Soviet Foreign Minister\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vyacheslav_Molotov\" >Vyacheslav Molotov<\/a>\u00a0arrives in Berlin to discuss\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German\u2013Soviet_Axis_talks\" >the possibility of the Soviet Union joining the Axis Powers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1948\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aftermath_of_World_War_II\" >Aftermath of World War II<\/a>: In Tokyo, the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East\" >International Military Tribunal for the Far East<\/a>\u00a0sentences seven Japanese military and government officials.<\/p>\n<p>1956\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morocco\" >Morocco<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudan\" >Sudan<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunisia\" >Tunisia<\/a>\u00a0join the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1956\u00a0 In the midst of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Crisis\" >Suez Crisis<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_refugees\" >Palestinian refugees<\/a>\u00a0are\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rafah_massacre\" >shot dead in Rafah<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel_Defense_Forces\" >Israel Defense Force<\/a>\u00a0soldiers following the invasion of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaza_Strip\" >Gaza Strip<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1969\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: Independent investigative journalist\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seymour_Hersh\" >Seymour Hersh<\/a>\u00a0breaks the story of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/My_Lai_Massacre\" >My Lai Massacre<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1971\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: As part of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamization\" >Vietnamization<\/a>, U.S. President\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a>\u00a0sets February 1, 1972 as the deadline for the removal of another 45,000 American troops from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\" >Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Z_YkVo0qEAA\" >Vietnam War<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/millercenter.org\/the-presidency\/educational-resources\/pentagon-papers-view-oval-office\" >The Pentagon Papers: The view from the Oval Office<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nsarchive2.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB263\/index.htm\" >The Kissinger Telephone Conversation Transcripts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/vietnam-war\/vietnam-war-timeline\" >Vietnam War Timeline &#8211; Lead-Up, Battles &amp; Deaths<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/alphahistory.com\/vietnamwar\/vietnam-war-timeline-1971-beyond\/\" >Vietnam War timeline: 1971 and beyond<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ushistory2os2xmaster\/chapter\/vietnam-the-downward-spiral\/\" >Vietnam: The Downward Spiral | US History II (OS Collection)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441\/\" >Nixon Prolonged Vietnam War for Political Gain<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=POwa7b8uYPs\" >Protest Music of the Vietnam War<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wwyS66rAk3M\" >Vietnam protest song &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bHwf2iJLFic\" >John Denver &#8211; Anti War Protest 1971 &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1975\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comoros\" >Comoros<\/a>\u00a0joins the United Nations.<\/p>\n<p>1977\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a>\u00a0conducts the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q98425971\" ><em>Oreste<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q98425971\" >\u00a0nuclear test<\/a> as 14th in the group of 29,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1975\u201378_French_nuclear_tests\" >1975\u201378 French nuclear tests<\/a>\u00a0series.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_France\" >French Nuclear Tests<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction\" >France and weapons of mass destruction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1975\u201378_French_nuclear_tests\" >1975\u201378 French nuclear tests<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/FR-ntests1.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, France<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lQFPFbeXr58\" >French Nuclear Tests in Polynesia<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4UFe4tRMZ0Y\" >The human cost of France\u2019s nuclear tests in the Pacific &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/peacefulsocieties.uncg.edu\/2016\/07\/14\/testing-bombs-french-polynesia\/\" >Testing Bombs in French Polynesia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-56340159\" >French nuclear tests contaminated 110,000 in Pacific, says study<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2021\/07\/28\/macron-france-owes-debt-to-polynesians-over-nuclear-tests\/\" >Macron: France owes \u2018debt\u2019 to Polynesians over nuclear tests<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theworld.org\/stories\/2021-08-06\/new-study-nuclear-testing-french-polynesia-reveals-france-s-censorship-and\" >New study on nuclear testing in French Polynesia reveals France\u2019s \u2018censorship and secrecy\u2019<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1982\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USSR\" >USSR<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuri_Andropov\" >Yuri Andropov<\/a>\u00a0becomes the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >General Secretary<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >Communist Party&#8217;s Central Committee<\/a>, succeeding\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leonid_I._Brezhnev\" >Leonid I. Brezhnev<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1990\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crown_Prince\" >Crown Prince<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Akihito\" >Akihito<\/a>\u00a0is formally installed as Emperor Akihito of Japan.<\/p>\n<p>1990\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tim_Berners-Lee\" >Tim Berners-Lee<\/a>\u00a0publishes a formal proposal for the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Wide_Web\" >World Wide Web<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1991\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Santa_Cruz_massacre\" >Santa Cruz massacre<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesian_Army\" >Indonesian Army<\/a>\u00a0open fire on a crowd of student protesters in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dili\" >Dili<\/a>, East Timor.<\/p>\n<p>2001\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001\u20132021)#Fall_of_Kabul\" >War in Afghanistan<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taliban\" >Taliban<\/a>\u00a0forces abandon\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kabul\" >Kabul<\/a>, ahead of advancing\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghan_Northern_Alliance\" >Afghan Northern Alliance<\/a>\u00a0troops.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001\u20132021)\" >The U.S. War in<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001\u20132021)\" > Afghanistan<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/middle-east-business-afghanistan-43d8f53b35e80ec18c130cd683e1a38f\" >Costs of the Afghanistan war, in lives and dollars<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brown.edu\/news\/2021-09-01\/costsofwar\" >Costs of the 20-year war on terror: $8 trillion and 900,000 deaths<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2002\/01\/10\/bush-enron-unocal-and-the-taliban\/\" >G.W.<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2002\/01\/10\/bush-enron-unocal-and-the-taliban\/\" >Bush, Enron, UN<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2002\/01\/10\/bush-enron-unocal-and-the-taliban\/\" >O<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2002\/01\/10\/bush-enron-unocal-and-the-taliban\/\" >C<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2002\/01\/10\/bush-enron-unocal-and-the-taliban\/\" >A<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2002\/01\/10\/bush-enron-unocal-and-the-taliban\/\" >L<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9G_0rUH0iYY\" >D. Cheney <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9G_0rUH0iYY\" >and Halliburton<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/listverse.com\/2018\/01\/06\/10-bush-bin-laden-connections-that-raised-a-few-eyebrows\/\" >10 Bush-Bin Laden Connections That Raised a Few Eyebrows<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/world\/west_asia\/37021.stm\" >Taleban in Texas for talks on gas pipeline<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scoop.co.nz\/stories\/HL0206\/S00030.htm\" >The Enron Pipeline Connection To 9\/11<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.democraticunderground.com\/discuss\/duboard.php?az=view_all&amp;address=104x169394\" >ENRON and the Taliban had an oil deal &#8211; and covered up 9\/11 threat?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Politics\/story?id=121269&amp;page=1\" >Enron&#8217;s Close Ties to Bush<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/archive\/bushs-enron-deal\/\" >Bush&#8217;s Enron Deal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/2006\/5\/26\/enron_the_bush_connection\" >Enron: The Bush Connection<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ratical.org\/ratville\/CAH\/oilwar1.html\" >Is Enron Behind The War In Afghanistan?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fourwinds10.com\/siterun_data\/government\/fraud\/911_attack\/news.php?q=1216405258\" >Unocal and the Afghanistan Pipeline<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthli.com\/news\/view_article.php?id=299\" >Enron, UNOCAL, Cheney &amp; Afghanistan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Business\/story?id=87452&amp;page=1\" >Cheney Reveals Enron Meeting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.truthdig.com\/articles\/the-enron-story-everyone-is-missing-the-bush-ken-lay-connection\/\" >The Enron Story Everyone Is Missing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.networkideas.org\/news\/feb2002\/news28_Enron_Taliban.htm\" >The Enron-Cheney-Taliban Connection?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/cifamerica\/2011\/jun\/08\/dick-cheney-halliburton-supreme-court\" >Dick Cheney&#8217;s Halliburton: a corporate case study<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.corpwatch.org\/article\/usa-unocal-advisor-named-representative-afghanistan\" >USA: Unocal Advisor Named Representative to Afghanistan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2sueJoTVqxw\" >The U.S. National\/Corporate Interest in Afghanistan<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pdf.defence.pk\/threads\/once-upon-a-time-usa-invited-taliban-to-usa.29769\/\" >Once upon a time USA invited Taliban to USA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.express.co.uk\/news\/world\/1477735\/Afghanistan-oil-producer-war-US-latest-evg\" >Does Afghanistan have oil?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthisland.org\/journal\/index.php\/magazine\/entry\/afghanistan_its_about_oil\/\" >Afghanistan: It\u2019s About Oil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan_Oil_Pipeline\" >Afghanistan Oil Pipeline<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/historynewsnetwork.org\/article\/963\" >Oil and 9-11: The Connection<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/revolutionarydemocracy.org\/rdv8n1\/oilnln.htm#:~:text=Encouraged%20by%20the%20Clinton%20administration%20to%20grab%20the,cubic%20metes%20in%20reserves%29%20to%20Pakistan%20through%20Afghanistan.\" >The US War in Afghanistan and the Grab for Central Asian Oil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/michelchossudovsky.substack.com\/p\/war-worth-waging-afghanistan?r=221ws\" >\u201cThe War Is Worth Waging\u201d: Afghanistan\u2019s Minerals and Natural Gas<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/23608077\" >OIL SECRETS BEHIND U.S. WAR ON AFGHANISTAN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/911timeline\/main\/AAoil.html\" >CENTRAL ASIAN OIL, ENRON, AND THE AFGHANISTAN PIPELINES<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/marjoriecohn.com\/the-deadly-pipeline-war-u-s-afghan-policy-driven-by-oil-interests\/\" >The Deadly Pipeline War: U.S. Afghan Policy Driven by Oil Interests<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wanttoknow.info\/020318chicagotribune\" >S. Bases in Afghanistan Located Along Projected Oil Pipeline Route<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.specialeurasia.com\/2021\/05\/06\/tapi-pipeline-us-withdrawal-afghanistan-interview-ambassador-zekriya\/\" >TAPI Pipeline Project and the US-NATO Troop Withdrawal from Afghanistan.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.outlookindia.com\/website\/story\/pipeline-politics-oil-gas-and-the-us-interest-in-afghanistan\/213804\" >Pipeline Politics: Oil, Gas And The US Interest In Afghanistan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[4]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z0ERKOw4sLQ\" >From 9\/11 to <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z0ERKOw4sLQ\" >the U.S. War in <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z0ERKOw4sLQ\" >Afghan<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z0ERKOw4sLQ\" >istan<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.courtfool.info\/en_Pipelines_to_9_11.htm\" >Pipelines to 9\/11 &#8211; Secrets behind world events<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iwm.org.uk\/history\/afghanistan-war-how-did-911-lead-to-a-20-year-war\" >Afghanistan War: How did 9\/11 lead to a 20-year war?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yF-ZcITXR30\" >How The CIA Funded a Terrorist Organization \u2013 YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/exploring-history\/how-america-created-al-qaeda-144725a62468\" >How America Created Al-Qaeda. One of history\u2019s greatest ironies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsws.org\/en\/articles\/2001\/11\/afgh-n20.html\" >US planned war in Afghanistan long before September 11<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laprogressive.com\/elections\/the-afghanistan-war-2\" >What Did 9\/11 Have to Do with Afghanistan?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2021\/09\/08\/afghanistan-iraq-generals-soldiers-disciplined-911\/\" >How U.S. Generals Lied on 9\/11 Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>[<\/u>5]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Northwoods\" >Operation Northwoods<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/September-11-attacks\" >9\/11<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/9-11-the-war-on-terror-and-the-consequences-for-the-world\/a-59147182\" >War on Terrorism<\/a>?:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dgibbs.faculty.arizona.edu\/sites\/dgibbs.faculty.arizona.edu\/files\/pretexts_0.pdf\" ><em>The article argues that the Bush administration has used the threat of terrorism as a pretext to implement a wide range of policies that had been decided upon in advance of the 9\/11 attacks&#8230;<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.the-standard.org\/opinion\/columns\/declassified-1960s-documents-offer-blueprint-for-9-11\/article_cd6b4124-ddab-11e0-92c2-001a4bcf6878.html\" >Declassified 1960s documents offer blueprint for 9\/11<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.floridabulldog.org\/2023\/04\/ex-fbi-agents-accuse-top-cia-fbi-officials-9-11-coverup-cia-domestic-spying\/\" >Ex-FBI agents accuse top CIA, FBI officials of 9\/11 coverup<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.floridabulldog.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Canestraro-Declaration-dated-20-July-2021.pdf\" >C<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.floridabulldog.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Canestraro-Declaration-dated-20-July-2021.pdf\" >anestraro Declaration \u2013 20 July 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theblackvault.com\/documentarchive\/operation-northwoods\/\" >Operation Northwood<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/allthatsinteresting.com\/operation-northwoods\" >Operation Northwoods, The U.S. False Flag Plot To Incite A War With Cuba<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@LibertyTheorist\/operation-northwoods-blueprint-for-9-11-91621a977d26\" >Operation Northwoods: Blueprint for 9\/11?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4492663\" >Operation Northwoods: The Pentagon&#8217;s Scripts for Overthrowing Castro<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/videos\/politics\/2022\/12\/01\/bush-declassified-report-9-11-attack-foreman-pkg-cnntm-vpx.cnn\" >New report reveals what President Bush knew leading up to 9\/11 attack<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-sept11-bush-idUSTRE78A0O920110911\" >Witness: With President Bush after the planes hit on Sept 11<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Politics\/dramatic-details-released-bush-cheney-dealing-911-attacks\/story?id=93083567\" >Dramatic new details released of Bush, Cheney dealing with 9\/11 attacks<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.snopes.com\/fact-check\/israelis-absent-911\/\" >Thousands of Israelis Were Absent from the WTC on 9\/11?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_government_operations_and_exercises_on_September_11,_2001\" >United States government operations and exercises on September 11, 2001<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>______________________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Satoshi Ashikaga is\u00a0a member of the\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace Development Environment<\/em><\/a><em>. Having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, he prefers a peaceful and prudent life.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, constantly remind him of the invaluableness of peace.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>6 \u2013 12 November 2023<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":247253,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[260],"class_list":["post-247251","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247251","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=247251"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247251\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":247254,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247251\/revisions\/247254"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/247253"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=247251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=247251"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=247251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}