{"id":249274,"date":"2023-12-04T12:00:10","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T12:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=249274"},"modified":"2023-11-28T05:59:07","modified_gmt":"2023-11-28T05:59:07","slug":"this-week-in-history-180","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/12\/this-week-in-history-180\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/thisweekinhistory-logo-PieceWork.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-247253\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/thisweekinhistory-logo-PieceWork-300x150.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/thisweekinhistory-logo-PieceWork-300x150.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/thisweekinhistory-logo-PieceWork-1024x512.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/thisweekinhistory-logo-PieceWork-768x384.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/thisweekinhistory-logo-PieceWork-1536x768.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/thisweekinhistory-logo-PieceWork.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>4-10 December 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Quote of the Week:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/peace\/1974\/macbride\/lecture\/\" ><em>To the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights one more might, with relevance, be added. It is \u2018The Right to Refuse to Kill\u2019.<\/em><\/a>\u201d\u00a0 &#8211; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lLB04WTwPDc\" >Se\u00e1n MacBride<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Video of the Week:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EQQcIsYgZzU\" >Auschwitz to Palestine: Love Unites &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>04 December<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1943\u00a0 World War II: In\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia\" >Yugoslavia<\/a>, resistance leader Marshal\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josip_Broz_Tito\" >Josip Broz Tito<\/a>\u00a0proclaims a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia\" >provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1945\u00a0 By a vote of 65\u20137, the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate\" >United States Senate<\/a>\u00a0approves United States\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_and_the_United_Nations\" >participation<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>. (The UN had been established on October 24, 1945.)<\/p>\n<p>1950\u00a0 Korean War:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Associated_Press\" >Associated Press<\/a>\u00a0photographer\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Max_Desfor\" >Max Desfor<\/a>\u00a0photographs hundreds of Korean refugees crossing a downed bridge in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taedong_River\" >Taedong River<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1951_Pulitzer_Prize\" >1951 Pulitzer Prize<\/a>\u00a0winner\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_of_Refugees_Across_Wrecked_Bridge_in_Korea\" ><em>Flight of Refugees Across Wrecked Bridge in Korea<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1971\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971\" >Indo-Pakistani War of 1971<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Navy\" >Indian Navy<\/a>\u00a0attacks the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan_Navy\" >Pakistan Navy<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karachi\" >Karachi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1981\u00a0 South Africa grants independence to the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ciskei\" >Ciskei<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bantustan\" >homeland<\/a>&#8221; (not recognized by any government outside South Africa).<\/p>\n<p>1982\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\" >People&#8217;s Republic of China<\/a>\u00a0adopts its current\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China\" >constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1984\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War\" >Sri Lankan Civil War<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Army\" >Sri Lankan Army<\/a>\u00a0soldiers\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1984_Mannar_massacre\" >kill<\/a>\u00a0107\u2013150 civilians in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mannar,_Sri_Lanka\" >Mannar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1992\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somali_Civil_War\" >Somali Civil War<\/a>: President\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_H._W._Bush\" >George H. W. Bush<\/a>\u00a0orders 28,000 U.S. troops to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somalia\" >Somalia<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Horn_of_Africa\" >Northeast Africa<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Somalia\" >History of Somalia<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-14094632\" >Somalia profile &#8211; Timeline &#8211; <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Somalia\" >History of Somalia | Events, People, Dates, Maps, &amp; Facts <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theowp.org\/crisis_index\/somali-civil-war\/\" >Somali Civil War<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Somali_Civil_War\" >Somali Civil War <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Mogadishu_%281993%29\" >Battle of Mogadishu (1993)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.c-r.org\/accord\/somalia\/endless-war-brief-history-somali-conflict\" >Endless war: a brief history of the Somali conflict <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/research\/2020-07-14-us-policy-somalia-williams.pdf\" >Somali Civil War and the U.S.<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Somalia-intervention\" ><em>Somalia intervention<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Somalia-intervention\" >,\u00a0<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Somalia-intervention\" >United States<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Somalia-intervention\" >-led military operation in 1992\u201393<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Voices\/2023\/10\/05\/US-troops-Somalia-endless-war\/4081696506265\/\" >A<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Voices\/2023\/10\/05\/US-troops-Somalia-endless-war\/4081696506265\/\" >s of 2023, A<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Voices\/2023\/10\/05\/US-troops-Somalia-endless-war\/4081696506265\/\" >merican troops are still in Somalia, fighting an endless war<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/jacobin.com\/2022\/08\/somalia-siad-barre-islamists-us-military\" >US Interference in Somalia Has Been a Disaster for Somalis <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/somalia\/america-needs-new-strategy-somalia\" >America Needs a New Strategy in Somalia | Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu\/journals\/intpol\/v52i1\/f_0033529_27313.pdf\" >The roots of strategic failure: The Somalia Syndrome and Al Qaeda\u2019s path to 9\/11 <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[4]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/somalia\/somalia-united-nations-role-peace-process-and-future-commitments\" >Somali Civil War and the UN<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/somalia.un.org\/en\" >United Nations in Somalia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Operation_in_Somalia_I\" >United Nations Operation in Somalia I <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Operation_in_Somalia_II\" >United Nations Operation in Somalia II <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2023\/10\/1142562\" >Somalia: Insecurity worsens, civilians pay the price <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GUAdnuEtkVk\" >&#8220;Conflicts in Somalia continue to take a heavy toll on civilians&#8221; &#8211; UN Security Council Briefing <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GUAdnuEtkVk\" >(2023) <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GUAdnuEtkVk\" >&#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2005\u00a0 Tens of thousands of people in Hong Kong\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_2005_protest_for_democracy_in_Hong_Kong\" >protest for democracy<\/a>\u00a0and call on the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_Government\" >government<\/a>\u00a0to allow\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universal_suffrage\" >universal and equal suffrage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>05 December<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1919\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukrainian_War_of_Independence\" >Ukrainian War of Independence<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polonsky_conspiracy\" >Polonsky conspiracy<\/a>\u00a0is suppressed and its participants are executed by the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kontrrazvedka\" >Kontrrazvedka<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modern_history_of_Ukraine\" >Modern History of\u00a0 Ukraine<\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Ukraine#20th_century\" >History of Ukraine &#8211; <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/summary\/Ukraine\" >A Brief History of Ukraine <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/ukraine-timeline-invasions\" >Ukraine Has Seen Centuries of Conflict <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1935\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mary_McLeod_Bethune\" >Mary McLeod Bethune<\/a>\u00a0founds the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Council_of_Negro_Women\" >National Council of Negro Women<\/a>\u00a0in New York City.<\/p>\n<p>1941\u00a0 World War II: Great Britain declares war on\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finland\" >Finland<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Hungary\" >Hungary<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Romania\" >Romania<\/a>.<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_5#cite_note-19\" >[<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1955\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E._D._Nixon\" >E. D. Nixon<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rosa_Parks\" >Rosa Parks<\/a>\u00a0lead the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montgomery_bus_boycott\" >Montgomery bus boycott<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ylOpide9dus\" >The Montgomery Bus Boycott: Crash Course Black American History #35 &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/black-history\/montgomery-bus-boycott\" >Montgomery Bus Boycott &#8211; Facts, Significance &amp; Rosa Parks <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FE6Yvy--5aw\" >Montgomery Bus Boycott |American Freedom Stories | Biography &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1971\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Gazipur\" >Battle of Gazipur<\/a>: Pakistani forces stand defeated as India cedes\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gazipur_City\" >Gazipur<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangladesh\" >Bangladesh<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1977\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >Egypt<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >\u00a0<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >breaks diplomatic relations with\u00a0<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >Syria<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >,\u00a0<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >Libya<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >,\u00a0<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >Algeria<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >,\u00a0<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >Iraq<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >\u00a0<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >and\u00a0<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >South Yemen<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/5\/newsid_2524000\/2524387.stm\" >. The move is in retaliation for the Declaration of Tripoli against Egypt.<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.realinstitutoelcano.org\/en\/work-document\/egyptian-diplomacy-and-international-relations-wp\/\" >Egyptian Diplomacy and International Relations &#8211; <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/sadat-and-his-legacy-egypt-and-world-1977-1997\" >Sadat and His Legacy: Egypt and the World, 1977-1997 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449\" ><em>On November 19, 1977, the Egyptian president Anwar Sadat landed in Israel\u2026.Sadat\u2019s visit was revolutionary only because it was the first time <\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449\" ><em>an Egyptian official announced publicly his readiness to maintain political contacts with Israel&#8230;<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1983\u00a0 Dissolution of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Reorganization_Process\" >Military Junta<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentina\" >Argentina<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1991\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leonid_Kravchuk\" >Leonid Kravchuk<\/a>\u00a0is elected the first\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Ukraine\" >president of Ukraine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1995\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War\" >Sri Lankan Civil War<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lanka<\/a>&#8216;s government announces the conquest of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamil_people\" >Tamil<\/a>\u00a0stronghold of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jaffna\" >Jaffna<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2006\u00a0 Commodore\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Bainimarama\" >Frank Bainimarama<\/a>\u00a0overthrows the government in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fiji\" >Fiji<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>06 December<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1916\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Powers\" >Central Powers<\/a>\u00a0capture\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bucharest\" >Bucharest<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1917\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finnish_Declaration_of_Independence\" >Finland declares independence<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Empire\" >the Russian Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1921\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-Irish_Treaty\" >Anglo-Irish Treaty<\/a>\u00a0is signed in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London\" >London<\/a>\u00a0by British and Irish representatives.<\/p>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/irish-free-state-declared\" >Irish Free State declared <\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rte.ie\/history\/irish-free-state\/2022\/1124\/1338099-the-irish-free-state\/\" >&#8216;An end and a beginning&#8217;: birth of the Irish Free State <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Ireland\/Independent-Ireland-to-1959\" >Ireland &#8211; History, Culture, Politics |<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Ireland_(1801\u20131923)\" >History of Ireland (1801\u20131923) <\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/european-history\/easter-rising\" ><em>On Easter Monday, April 24, 1916, a group of Irish nationalists proclaimed the establishment of the Irish Republic&#8230;staged a rebellion against the British government in Ireland.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yourirish.com\/history\/20th-century\/20th-century-irish-history\" >20th Century Ireland &#8211; Irish History Timeline <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1922\u00a0 One year to the day after the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Free_State\" >Irish Free State<\/a>\u00a0comes into existence.<\/p>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Free_State_(Agreement)_Act_1922\" >Irish Free State (Agreement) Act 1922<\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/articles\/what-was-the-irish-free-state.html\" >What Was the Irish Free State? <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_the_Irish_Free_State\" >Constitution of the Irish Free State <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Partition_of_Ireland\" >Partition of Ireland <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/factcheckni.org\/articles\/was-northern-ireland-part-of-the-irish-free-state-for-a-day\/\" >Was Northern Ireland part of the Irish Free State for a day? <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-59489429\" >Ireland 1922: The key figures in the new Irish Free State <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-northern-ireland-59548846\" >Ireland 1922: The new Irish state descends into civil war <\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/read\/100-years-irish-independence-and-division?language_content_entity=en\" ><em>O<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/read\/100-years-irish-independence-and-division?language_content_entity=en\" ><em>n December 6, 1922,\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/read\/100-years-irish-independence-and-division?language_content_entity=en\" ><em>Ireland\u2019s\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/read\/100-years-irish-independence-and-division?language_content_entity=en\" ><em>struggle for independence from the\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/read\/100-years-irish-independence-and-division?language_content_entity=en\" ><em>United Kingdom<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/read\/100-years-irish-independence-and-division?language_content_entity=en\" ><em>reached a turning point.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.insightguides.com\/destinations\/europe\/ireland\/historical-highlights\" >Ireland History and Timeline Overview <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1991\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yugoslav_Wars\" >Yugoslav Wars<\/a>: In\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croatia\" >Croatia<\/a>, forces of the Serb-dominated\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army\" >Yugoslav People&#8217;s Army<\/a>\u00a0(JNA) heaviest bombardment of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dubrovnik\" >Dubrovnik<\/a>\u00a0during a siege of seven months.<\/p>\n<p>1992\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Babri_Masjid\" >Babri Masjid<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ayodhya\" >Ayodhya<\/a>, India, is\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid\" >demolished<\/a>, leading to widespread riots causing the death of over 1,500 people.<\/p>\n<p>2017\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump\" >Donald Trump<\/a>&#8216;s administration officially announces\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_Israeli_capital\" >the recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Status_of_Jerusalem\" >Status of Jerusalem<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Jerusalem\" >East Jerusalem <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/ancient-middle-east\/history-of-jerusalem\" >Jerusalem &#8211; Location, Capital &amp; Israel <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-54116567\" >Israel&#8217;s borders explained in maps <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Jerusalem\" >Jerusalem | History, Map, Religion, &amp; Facts <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Jerusalem\" >History of Jerusalem <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Jerusalem#After_1948\" >T<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Jerusalem#After_1948\" >imeline of Jerusalem After 1948<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/12\/05\/middleeast\/trump-jerusalem-explainer-intl\/index.html\" >Why declaring Jerusalem capital of Israel is controversial<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/whats-stake-us-recognition-jerusalem\" >What\u2019s At Stake With the U.S. Recognition of Jerusalem <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/features\/2017\/12\/10\/why-jerusalem-is-not-the-capital-of-israel\/\" >Why Jerusalem is not the capital of Israel | Occupied East Jerusalem |<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.liberty.edu\/journal\/article\/examining-the-significance-of-jerusalem-as-israels-capital\/\" >Examining the Significance of Jerusalem as Israel\u2019s Capital <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/why-jews-and-muslims-both-have-religious-claims-on-jerusalem\" >Why Jews and Muslims Both Have Religious Claims on Jerusalem |<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sporcle.com\/blog\/2018\/06\/jerusalem-vs-tel-aviv-what-is-the-capital-of-israel\/\" >Jerusalem vs. Tel Aviv &#8211; What is the Capital of Israel? <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov\/briefings-statements\/president-donald-j-trumps-proclamation-jerusalem-capital-state-israel\/\" >President Trump\u2019s Proclamation on Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theinteldrop.org\/2022\/12\/06\/us-plans-jewish-embassy-on-stolen-palestinian-land\/\" >US Plans &#8216;Jewish&#8217; Embassy on Stolen Palestinian Land <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/qz.com\/1148673\/trumps-jerusalem-move-is-backed-by-billionaires-lobbyists-and-evangelicals\" >Trump&#8217;s Jerusalem move is backed by billionaires, lobbyists, and evangelicals <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.insider.com\/trump-moved-us-embassy-jerusalem-for-evangelicals-2020-8\" >Trump Said He Moved Capital to Jerusalem for Evangelical Christians <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.democraticunderground.com\/10029946839\" >The billionaires, lobbyists, and Christian extremists behind Trumps Jerusalem move <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/forward.com\/news\/breaking-news\/372166\/ronald-lauder-vs-sheldon-adelson-which-jewish-billionaire-has-trump-s-ear-o\/\" >Which Jewish Billionaire Has Trump\u2019s Ear On Israel <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/12\/06\/us\/politics\/trump-embassy-jerusalem-israel.html\" >For Trump, an Embassy in Jerusalem Is a Political Decision, Not a Diplomatic One <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/us-sold-tel-aviv-ambassadors-home-Sheldon-Adelson-billionaire-67m\" >US sold Tel Aviv ambassador&#8217;s home to billionaire Trump-backer for $67m <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/1d4e1824283f41eaa8422227fa8e6ea7\" >Trump declares Jerusalem Israeli capital, smashing US policy |<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/world\/what-you-should-know-about-trumps-jerusalem-announcement\" >What you should know about Trump\u2019s Jerusalem announcement <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/news-desk\/the-power-politics-behind-trumps-jerusalem-declaration\" >The Power Politics Behind Trump\u2019s Jerusalem Declaration <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dnyuz.com\/2023\/10\/10\/trumps-overrated-peace-plan-helped-enable-the-horrors-in-israel-and-gaza\/\" >Trump\u2019s Overrated Peace Plan Helped Enable the Horrors in Israel<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dnyuz.com\/2023\/10\/10\/trumps-overrated-peace-plan-helped-enable-the-horrors-in-israel-and-gaza\/\" >\/<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dnyuz.com\/2023\/10\/10\/trumps-overrated-peace-plan-helped-enable-the-horrors-in-israel-and-gaza\/\" >Gaza<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/dispatch\/donald-trumps-legacy-in-israel\" >Donald Trump\u2019s Legacy in Israel <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>07 December<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1917\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The United States declares war on\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1932\u00a0 German-born Swiss\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Physicist\" >physicist<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Einstein\" >Albert Einstein<\/a>\u00a0is granted an American\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Travel_visa\" >visa<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1941\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor\" >Attack on Pearl Harbor<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Japanese_Navy\" >Imperial Japanese Navy<\/a>\u00a0carries out a surprise attack on the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Pacific_Fleet\" >United States Pacific Fleet<\/a> at\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naval_Station_Pearl_Harbor\" >Pearl Harbor<\/a>, Hawaii.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/pearl-harbor\" >Pearl Harbor Attack<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/pearl-harbor\" >Pearl Harbor: Attack, Deaths &amp; Facts <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/story\/attack-on-pearl-harbor-timeline\" >Attack on Pearl Harbor Timeline <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/why-did-japan-attack-pearl-harbor\" >Why Did Japan Attack Pearl Harbor? <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/historycentral.com\/navy\/Pearl\/Background.html\" >Background to Pearl Harbor <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/pearl-harbor\" >Pearl Harbor &#8211; Facts, Events, &amp; Background <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/pha\/pha\/congress\/part_1.html\" >DIPLOMATIC BACKGROUND OF THE PEARL HARBOR ATTACK <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Day_of_Infamy_speech\" >Day of Infamy speech <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Day_of_Infamy_speech\" >by Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/4593483\/pearl-harbor-franklin-roosevelt-infamy-speech-attack\/\" >Franklin Roosevelt Infamy Speech: Pearl Harbor Transcript<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lK8gYGg0dkE\" >D.R. <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lK8gYGg0dkE\" >Full Speech:<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lK8gYGg0dkE\" > Declares War on Japan \u2013 YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/edubirdie.com\/examples\/rhetorical-devices-of-president-roosevelts-speech\/\" >Rhetorical Devices in FDR Pearl Harbor Speech <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/fdr-reacts-to-news-of-pearl-harbor-bombing\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt&#8217;<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/fdr-reacts-to-news-of-pearl-harbor-bombing\" >s <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/fdr-reacts-to-news-of-pearl-harbor-bombing\" >Intention<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/fdr-reacts-to-news-of-pearl-harbor-bombing\" > and the Pearl Harbor Attack<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/fee.org\/articles\/the-day-of-deceit-the-truth-about-fdr-and-pearl-harbor\/\" >The Day of Deceit: The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CVh2Y2Vg4nE\" >Robert Stinnett, Day Of Deceit: The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/owlcation.com\/humanities\/Reasons-for-American-Entry-Into-WWII\" >4 Reasons for American Entry Into WWII <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/veteranstoday.com\/2019\/10\/30\/was-pearl-harbor-a-false-flag-operation\/\" >Was Pearl Harbor a false flag operation? <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/publications\/prologue\/1996\/fall\/butow.html\" >How Roosevelt Attacked Japan at Pearl Harbor | National Archives<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/justin\/j052501.html\" >Behind the Headlines <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Pearl-Harbor-and-the-Back-Door-to-War-Theory-1688287\/The-mainstream-response\" >Pearl Harbor and the \u201cBack Door to War\u201d Theory &#8211; Mainstream Response, US-Japan Relations, Diplomacy <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/midnightwriternews.com\/document-further-validates-hornes-back-door-to-war-thesis-regarding-fdr-and-pearl-harbor\/\" >Document Further Validates Horne\u2019s Back-Door-To-War Thesis Regarding FDR and Pearl Harbor <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/original.antiwar.com\/justin\/2012\/12\/06\/pearl-harbor-roosevelt-knew\/\" >Pearl Harbor: Roosevelt Knew <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenewamerican.com\/us\/culture\/history\/pearl-harbor-hawaii-was-surprised-fdr-was-not\/\" >Pearl Harbor: Hawaii Was Surprised; FDR Was Not <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/pearl-harbor-how-fdr-responded-to-the-day-of-infamy\/\" >Pearl Harbor: How FDR responded to the &#8220;day of infamy&#8221; <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unz.com\/article\/walter-at-pearl-harbor\/\" >Walter at Pearl Harbor, by Richard Foley <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usni.org\/magazines\/naval-history-magazine\/2003\/december\/pearl-harbor-who-deceived-whom\" >Pearl Harbor: Who Deceived Whom? | Naval History Magazine<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Day_of_Deceit\" >Day of Deceit <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/modernhistoryproject.org\/mhp?Article=FinalWarning&amp;C=6.3#Setup\" >Evidence that Pearl Harbor Was a Setup<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/educate-yourself.org\/cn\/fdrandpearlharborbetrayal12dec00.shtml\" >FDR &amp; The Pearl Harbor Betrayal <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xpPll8O4vng\" >Pearl Harbour Was Planned By Franklin Roosevelt | Conspiracy Secrets Revealed | Documentary Central \u2013 YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.createdebate.com\/debate\/show\/This_house_believes_that_Japan_had_no_choice_but_to_wage_a_World_War_II_in_Asia_Pacific\" >This house believes Japan had no choice but to wage a <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.createdebate.com\/debate\/show\/This_house_believes_that_Japan_had_no_choice_but_to_wage_a_World_War_II_in_Asia_Pacific\" >war<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.createdebate.com\/debate\/show\/This_house_believes_that_Japan_had_no_choice_but_to_wage_a_World_War_II_in_Asia_Pacific\" >. <\/a><\/li>\n<li><em>&#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/United-States\/World-War-II\" >Anticipating war, Roosevelt and his advisers had been able to develop and execute some plans for military expansion, but public opinion <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/United-States\/World-War-II\" >prohibited large-scale appropriations for armament and defense. Thus, when Pearl Harbor was attacked\u2026<\/a>\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" ><em>Across the nation, Americans were stunned, shocked, and angered. The attack turned US public opinion in favor of entering <\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" >W<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" >WII<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" ><em>.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pearl_Harbor_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theory\" >Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rationalrevolution.net\/war\/fdr_provoked_the_japanese_attack.htm\" >FDR provoked the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor <\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40981247\" ><em>Yet\u00a0Roosevelt&#8217;s pre-Pearl<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40981247\" ><em>Harbor<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40981247\" ><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40981247\" ><em>speeches were quite belli-cose, focusing on the threat posed by the Axis to the United States and the need for ac-tion.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/HistoricalInvestigationToWhatExtentWasFranklinRooseveltResponsibleForTheJapanese\/McCollum%20Memo-2_djvu.txt\" >Full text of &#8220;Historical Investigation To What Extent Was Franklin Roosevelt Responsible For The Japanese Bombing On Pearl Harbor In December 7th 1941 <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/personalliberty.com\/pearl-harbor-story-fake-news-much-news-u-s-wars\/\" >The Pearl Harbor story is fake news, and so is much of the news about U.S. wars <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[4]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McCollum_memo\" >The McCollum Memo<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hull_note\" >Hull note<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/whatreallyhappened.com\/WRHARTICLES\/McCollum\/index.html\" >The McCollum Memo: The Smoking Gun of Pearl Harbor <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.americanthinker.com\/articles\/2023\/07\/did_fdr_bait_the_japanese_to_attack_pearl_harbor_to_arouse_usa_isolationists_to_enter_world_war_ii.html\" >Did FDR Bait the Japanese to Attack Pearl Harbor to Arouse USA Isolationists to Enter World War II? <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/wallstreetwindow.com\/2021\/12\/fdr-pearl-harbor-the-mccollum-memo-and-the-road-to-wwii-pt-2-w-douglas-p-horne-source-parallax-views\/\" >FDR, Pearl Harbor, the McCollum Memo, and the Road to WWII Pt. 2 w\/ Douglas P. Horne \u2013 Source \u2013 Parallax Views <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/McCollum-Memorandum-Washington-Roosevelts-Provocation\/dp\/B09BCGMBR7\" >The McCollum Memorandum: A Story of Washington, D.C. in 1940-41 <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipl.org\/essay\/Comparison-Of-Hull-Note-Negotiating-Peace-With-CF28AAEF51DAE7B8\" >Comparison Of Hull Note: Negotiating Peace With Japan <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pearlharbor.org\/blog\/hull-note-final-piece-leading-war\/\" >The Hull Note: The Final Piece Leading to War <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alternatehistory.com\/forum\/threads\/the-pacific-war-if-the-munich-agreement-never-happened.544013\/\" >The Pacific War if the Munich Agreement Never Happened <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[5]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.co.uk\/history-and-civilisation\/2022\/12\/japan-had-little-chance-of-victory-so-why-did-it-attack-pearl-harbour\" >Japan had little chance of victory\u2014so why did it attack Pearl Harbour?<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.historians.org\/about-aha-and-membership\/aha-history-and-archives\/gi-roundtable-series\/pamphlets\/em-15-what-shall-be-done-about-japan-after-victory-(1945)\/why-did-japan-choose-war\" >Why Did Japan Choose War? <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/studybuff.com\/why-did-us-put-oil-embargo-on-japan\/\" >Why did US put oil embargo on Japan? <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/history\/educational-magazines\/japan-attacks-and-america-goes-war\" >Japan Attacks and America Goes to War <\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/blog\/reboot\/one-reason-imperial-japan-attacked-america-pearl-harbor-162744\" ><em>To<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/blog\/reboot\/one-reason-imperial-japan-attacked-america-pearl-harbor-162744\" ><em>kyo needed new oil supplies to wage its war in China and the only way to get them would be to attack Washington&#8217;s allies in the Pacific.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1949\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Civil_War\" >Chinese Civil War<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China\" >Government of the Republic of China<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan\" >moves<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanjing\" >Nanjing<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taipei\" >Taipei<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan\" >Taiwan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1962\u00a0 Prince\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rainier_III,_Prince_of_Monaco\" >Rainier III<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monaco\" >Monaco<\/a>\u00a0revises the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Principality\" >principality<\/a>&#8216;s\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Monaco\" >constitution<\/a>, devolving some of his power to advisory and legislative councils.<\/p>\n<p>1965\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_Paul_VI\" >Pope Paul VI<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Athenagoras_I_of_Constantinople\" >Patriarch Athenagoras I<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catholic\u2013Orthodox_Joint_Declaration_of_1965\" >simultaneously revoke<\/a>\u00a0mutual\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Excommunication\" >excommunications<\/a>\u00a0that had been in place since\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1054\" >1054<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>08 December<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1941\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: U.S. President\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a>\u00a0declares\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_7\" >December 7<\/a>\u00a0to be &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infamy_Speech\" >a date which will live in infamy<\/a>&#8220;, after which\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_declaration_of_war_upon_Japan\" >the U.S. declares war on Japan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/fdr-reacts-to-news-of-pearl-harbor-bombing\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt&#8217;<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/fdr-reacts-to-news-of-pearl-harbor-bombing\" >s <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/fdr-reacts-to-news-of-pearl-harbor-bombing\" >Intention<\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/owlcation.com\/humanities\/Reasons-for-American-Entry-Into-WWII\" >4 Reasons for American Entry Into WWII <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L8TXgDehSaM\" >FDR Leads the USA Into WWII | FDR &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em>&#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/United-States\/World-War-II\" >Anticipating war, Roosevelt and his advisers had been able to develop and execute some plans for military expansion, but public opinion <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/United-States\/World-War-II\" >prohibited large-scale appropriations for armament and defense. Thus, when Pearl Harbor was attacked\u2026<\/a>\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" ><em>Across the nation, Americans were stunned, shocked, and angered. The attack turned US public opinion in favor of entering<\/em><\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" >W<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" >W<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" >II<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" ><em>.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/facts\/Pearl-Harbor-and-the-back-door-to-war-theory-1688287#:~:text=The%20\u2018back%20door%20to%20war\u2019%20theory\u2014while%20not%20supported,led%20to%20American%20involvement%20in%20World%20War%20II.\" >Pearl Harbor and the Back Door Theory<\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/justin\/j052501.html\" >Behind the Headlines <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Pearl-Harbor-and-the-Back-Door-to-War-Theory-1688287\/The-mainstream-response\" >Pearl Harbor and the \u201cBack Door to War\u201d Theory &#8211; Mainstream Response, US-Japan Relations, Diplomacy <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/midnightwriternews.com\/document-further-validates-hornes-back-door-to-war-thesis-regarding-fdr-and-pearl-harbor\/\" >Document Further Validates Horne\u2019s Back-Door-To-War Thesis Regarding FDR and Pearl Harbor <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.historynet.com\/did-fdr-plan-the-attack-on-pearl-harbor\/\" >Did FDR Plan the Attack on Pearl Harbor?<\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brainyquote.com\/quotes\/franklin_d_roosevelt_164126\" >&#8220;In politics, nothing happens by accident&#8230;&#8221; &#8211; FDR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McCollum_memo\" >The McCollum Memo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xpPll8O4vng\" >Pearl Harbour Was Planned By Franklin Roosevelt | Conspiracy Secrets Revealed | Documentary Central \u2013 YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/modernhistoryproject.org\/mhp?Article=FinalWarning&amp;C=6.3#Setup\" >Evidence that Pearl Harbor Was a Setup<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rationalrevolution.net\/war\/fdr_provoked_the_japanese_attack.htm\" >FDR provoked the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.createdebate.com\/debate\/show\/This_house_believes_that_Japan_had_no_choice_but_to_wage_a_World_War_II_in_Asia_Pacific\" >This house believes Japan had no choice but to wage a <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.createdebate.com\/debate\/show\/This_house_believes_that_Japan_had_no_choice_but_to_wage_a_World_War_II_in_Asia_Pacific\" >war<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.createdebate.com\/debate\/show\/This_house_believes_that_Japan_had_no_choice_but_to_wage_a_World_War_II_in_Asia_Pacific\" >.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/original.antiwar.com\/justin\/2012\/12\/06\/pearl-harbor-roosevelt-knew\/\" >Pearl Harbor: Roosevelt Knew <\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/themillenniumreport.com\/2018\/04\/hard-evidence-proves-president-roosevelt-was-warned-about-pearl-harbor-attack\/\" >Hard Evidence Proves President Roosevelt Was Warned About Pearl Harbor Attack \u2013 The Millennium Report<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mic.com\/articles\/14023\/documents-reveal-that-fdr-may-have-known-about-pearl-harbor-attack-beforehand\" >Documents Reveal That FDR May Have Known About Pearl Harbor Attack Beforehand <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenewamerican.com\/us\/culture\/history\/pearl-harbor-hawaii-was-surprised-fdr-was-not\/\" >Pearl Harbor: Hawaii Was Surprised; FDR Was Not <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pearl_Harbor_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theory\" >Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" ><em>A\u201c<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40981247\" ><em>Yet\u00a0Roosevelt&#8217;s pre-Pearl<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40981247\" ><em>Harbor<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40981247\" ><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40981247\" ><em>speeches were quite belli-cose, focusing on the threat posed by the Axis to the United States and the need for ac-tion.<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" ><em>\u201d<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" ><em>cross the nation, Americans were stunned, shocked, <\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" ><em>and angered. The attack turned US public opinion in favor of entering the\u00a0<\/em><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" >Second World War<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ap-us-history\/period-7\/apush-interwar-foreign-policy-lesson\/a\/pearl-harbor\" ><em>.<\/em><\/a>\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/pearl-harbor-how-fdr-responded-to-the-day-of-infamy\/\" >Pearl Harbor: How FDR responded to the &#8220;day of infamy&#8221; <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/HistoricalInvestigationToWhatExtentWasFranklinRooseveltResponsibleForTheJapanese\/McCollum%20Memo-2_djvu.txt\" >Full text of Historical Investigation To What Extent Was F.<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/HistoricalInvestigationToWhatExtentWasFranklinRooseveltResponsibleForTheJapanese\/McCollum%20Memo-2_djvu.txt\" >R. Responsible For The Japanese Bombing On Pearl Harbor <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Day_of_Deceit\" >Day of Deceit<\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/fee.org\/articles\/the-day-of-deceit-the-truth-about-fdr-and-pearl-harbor\/\" >The Day of Deceit: The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usni.org\/magazines\/naval-history-magazine\/2003\/december\/pearl-harbor-who-deceived-whom\" >Pearl Harbor: Who Deceived Whom? | Naval History Magazine<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CVh2Y2Vg4nE\" >Robert Stinnett, Day Of Deceit: The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/educate-yourself.org\/cn\/fdrandpearlharborbetrayal12dec00.shtml\" >FDR &amp; The Pearl Harbor Betrayal <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unz.com\/article\/walter-at-pearl-harbor\/\" >Walter at Pearl Harbor, by Richard Foley <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/veteranstoday.com\/2019\/10\/30\/was-pearl-harbor-a-false-flag-operation\/\" >Was Pearl Harbor a false flag operation? <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/publications\/prologue\/1996\/fall\/butow.html\" >How Roosevelt Attacked Japan at Pearl Harbor | National Archives<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/personalliberty.com\/pearl-harbor-story-fake-news-much-news-u-s-wars\/\" >The Pearl Harbor story is fake, and so is much of the news <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/personalliberty.com\/pearl-harbor-story-fake-news-much-news-u-s-wars\/\" >on<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/personalliberty.com\/pearl-harbor-story-fake-news-much-news-u-s-wars\/\" >S. wars <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1941\u00a0 World War II: Japan\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor\" >attack on Pearl Harbor<\/a>apanese forces simultaneously invade\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shanghai_International_Settlement\" >Shanghai International Settlement<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_invasion_of_Malaya\" >Malaya<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand\" >Thailand<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Hong_Kong\" >Hong Kong<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines_campaign_(1941\u20131942)\" >the Philippines<\/a>, and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign\" >the Dutch East Indies<\/a>. (See\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_7\" >December 7<\/a>\u00a0for the concurrent\u00a0\u00a0in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Hemisphere\" >Western Hemisphere<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>1953\u00a0 U.S. President\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dwight_D._Eisenhower\" >Dwight D. Eisenhower<\/a>\u00a0delivers his &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atoms_for_Peace\" >Atoms for Peace<\/a>&#8221; speech, which leads to an American program to supply equipment and information on nuclear power to schools, hospitals, and research institutions around the world.<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ahf.nuclearmuseum.org\/ahf\/key-documents\/eisenhowers-atoms-peace-speech\/\" >Eisenhower&#8217;s &#8220;Atoms for Peace&#8221; Speech <\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oxGSfOd1Dpc\" >Atoms For Peace Speech &#8211; Eisenhower 1953 &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UY5YvWpFG7A\" >Atoms for Peace Explained &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7TmxdvHxrFk\" >Problems with Civilian Nuclear Assistance &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/education.nationalgeographic.org\/resource\/nuclear-energy\/\" >Nuclear Energy<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/newscenter\/news\/what-is-nuclear-energy-the-science-of-nuclear-power\" >What is Nuclear Energy? The Science of Nuclear Power | IAEA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/futureofworking.com\/8-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-nuclear-energy\/\" >21 Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.world-nuclear.org\/information-library\/current-and-future-generation\/nuclear-power-in-the-world-today.aspx\" >Nuclear Power Today | Nuclear Energy &#8211; World Nuclear Association <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sciencing.com\/about-6134607-nuclear-energy-vs--fossil-fuel.html\" >Nuclear Energy Vs. Fossil Fuel <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/themysteriouswoods.com\/behind-scene\/possibility-of-earthquake-inducing-weapons\/\" >Nuclear Energy, <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/themysteriouswoods.com\/behind-scene\/possibility-of-earthquake-inducing-weapons\/\" >Military Use<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/themysteriouswoods.com\/behind-scene\/possibility-of-earthquake-inducing-weapons\/\" > and Earthquake<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/themysteriouswoods.com\/behind-scene\/possibility-of-earthquake-inducing-weapons\/\" >s<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/faqs\/can-nuclear-explosions-cause-earthquakes#:~:text=A%20nuclear%20explosion%20can%20cause%20an%20earthquake%20and,size%20earthquake.%20Not%20all%20explosions%20have%20caused%20earthquakes.\" >Can nuclear explosions cause earthquakes? | U.S. Geological Survey<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ive-always-wondered-do-nuclear-tests-affect-tectonic-plates-and-cause-earthquakes-or-volcanic-eruptions-86915\" >I&#8217;ve always wondered: do nuclear tests affect tectonic plates and cause earthquakes or volcanic eruptions?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tectonic_weapon\" >Tectonic weapon <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotecapleyades.net\/ciencia\/ciencia_uranium36.htm\" >Japan Earthquake-Nuke &#8220;Accident&#8221; Are Tectonic Nuclear Warfare &#8211; Scientist Say <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tu3sV8LkzQM\" >WW3 H.A.A.R.P Targeting Iran Nuclear Reactors \u2013 YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/09\/electromagnetic-pulse-emp-what-you-need-to-know\/\" >Nuclear EMP Summary (High Altitude EMP)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2013\/02\/the-militarys-pandoras-box\/comment-page-1\/\" >The Military\u2019s Pandora\u2019s Box: The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program-HAARP<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/03\/time-for-a-remedial-global-nuclear-war\/\" >Time for a Remedial Global Nuclear War?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelibertybeacon.com\/usaf-redeploys-x-37b-climate-chaos-earthquake-tsunami-inducing-orbital-haarp-weapon\/\" >USAF Redeploys X-37B Climate Chaos, Earthquake &amp; Tsunami Inducing Orbital HAARP Weapon <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1955\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_Europe\" >Flag of Europe<\/a>\u00a0is adopted by\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Council_of_Europe\" >Council of Europe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1971\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971\" >Indo-Pakistani War<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Navy\" >Indian Navy<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Python\" >launches an attack<\/a>\u00a0on\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Pakistan\" >West Pakistan<\/a>&#8216;s port city of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karachi\" >Karachi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1974\u00a0 A\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_republic_referendum,_1974\" >plebiscite<\/a>\u00a0results in the abolition of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monarchy_of_Greece\" >monarchy in Greece<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1980\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Lennon\" >John Lennon<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_John_Lennon\" >murdered<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mark_David_Chapman\" >Mark David Chapman<\/a>\u00a0in front of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Dakota\" >The Dakota<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City\" >New York City<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biography.com\/musicians\/john-lennon\" >John Lennon \u2013 <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biography.com\/musicians\/john-lennon\" >World Peace, <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biography.com\/musicians\/john-lennon\" >Songs, Wife &amp; Death<\/a>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L7IP4UlXvG8\" >Imagine (UNICEF: World Version) \u2013 YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.johnlennon.com\/news\/imagine-all-the-people-living-life-in-peace\/\" >IMAGINE all the people living life in peace. <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.udiscovermusic.com\/stories\/imagine-john-lennons-provocative-anthem-became-hymn-peace\/\" >&#8216;Imagine&#8217;: How John Lennon&#8217;s Song Became A Hymn For Peace <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.insidehook.com\/music\/remembering-john-lennons-contentious-interview-world-peace\" >Remembering John Lennon&#8217;s Contentious Interview About Peace <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture\/article\/20201207-how-john-lennon-was-made-into-a-myth\" >How John Lennon was made into a myth <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/what-happened-john-lennons-last-day-180976410\/\" >What Happened on John Lennon&#8217;s Last Day | History|<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biography.com\/musicians\/john-lennon-death-timeline\" >John Lennon&#8217;s Death: A Timeline of Events<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/entertainment-arts-55214007\" >John Lennon: I was there the day he died <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1985\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation\" >South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation<\/a>, the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union in South Asia, is established.<\/p>\n<p>1987\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cold_War\" >Cold War<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty\" >Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty<\/a>\u00a0is signed by U.S. President\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Reagan\" >Ronald Reagan<\/a>\u00a0and Soviet leader\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikhail_Gorbachev\" >Mikhail Gorbachev<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House\" >White House<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1987\u00a0 An Israeli army tank transporter kills four\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_refugee\" >Palestinian refugees<\/a>\u00a0and injures seven others during a traffic accident at the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erez_Crossing\" >Erez Crossing<\/a>\u00a0on the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\u2013Gaza_barrier\" >Israel\u2013Gaza Strip border<\/a>, which has been cited as one of the events which sparked the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Intifada\" >First Intifada<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1991\u00a0 The leaders of Russia,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belarus\" >Belarus<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine\" >Ukraine<\/a>\u00a0sign an\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belovezh_Accords\" >agreement<\/a>\u00a0dissolving the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>\u00a0and establishing the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States\" >Commonwealth of Independent States<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2001\u00a0 A raid conducted by the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internal_Security_Department_(Singapore)\" >Internal Security Department (ISD) of Singapore<\/a>\u00a0foils a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jemaah_Islamiyah\" >Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_embassies_attack_plot\" >plot to bomb foreign embassies in Singapore<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2004\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cusco_Declaration\" >Cusco Declaration<\/a>\u00a0is signed in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cusco\" >Cusco<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peru\" >Peru<\/a>, establishing the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_American_Community_of_Nations\" >South American Community of Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2019\u00a0 \u00a0First confirmed case of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronavirus_disease_2019\" >COVID-19<\/a>\u00a0in China.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>09 December<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1824\u00a0 Patriot forces led by General\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Jos\u00e9_de_Sucre\" >Antonio Jos\u00e9 de Sucre<\/a>\u00a0defeat a Royalist army in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Ayacucho\" >Battle of Ayacucho<\/a>, putting an end to the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peruvian_War_of_Independence\" >Peruvian War of Independence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1856\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iranian<\/a>\u00a0city of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bushehr\" >Bushehr<\/a>\u00a0surrenders to occupying British forces.<\/p>\n<p>1868\u00a0 The first\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traffic_light\" >traffic lights<\/a>\u00a0are installed, outside the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palace_of_Westminster\" >Palace of Westminster<\/a>\u00a0in London. Resembling\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Railway_signal\" >railway signals<\/a>, they use\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Railway_semaphore_signal\" >semaphore<\/a>\u00a0arms and are illuminated at night by red and green\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gas_lamp\" >gas lamps<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1905\u00a0 In France, a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1905_French_law_on_the_Separation_of_the_Churches_and_the_State\" >law separating church and state<\/a>\u00a0is passed.<\/p>\n<p>1937\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Sino-Japanese_War\" >Second Sino-Japanese War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Nanking\" >Battle of Nanking<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/asian-history\/nanjing-massacre\" >Japanese<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/asian-history\/nanjing-massacre\" >\u00a0<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/asian-history\/nanjing-massacre\" >troops<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kpVgDgKpQS8\" >under the <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kpVgDgKpQS8\" >command of Lt. Gen.<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.liquisearch.com\/prince_yasuhiko_asaka\/biography\/role_in_the_nanking_massacre#:~:text=As%20temporary%20commander%20of%20the%20final%20assault%20on,Nanking%22%20%2812%20December%201937%20\u2013%2010%20February%201938%29.\" >Prince Y<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.liquisearch.com\/prince_yasuhiko_asaka\/biography\/role_in_the_nanking_massacre#:~:text=As%20temporary%20commander%20of%20the%20final%20assault%20on,Nanking%22%20%2812%20December%201937%20\u2013%2010%20February%201938%29.\" >asuhiko Asak<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.liquisearch.com\/prince_yasuhiko_asaka\/biography\/role_in_the_nanking_massacre#:~:text=As%20temporary%20commander%20of%20the%20final%20assault%20on,Nanking%22%20%2812%20December%201937%20\u2013%2010%20February%201938%29.\" >a<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.liquisearch.com\/prince_yasuhiko_asaka\/biography\/role_in_the_nanking_massacre#:~:text=As%20temporary%20commander%20of%20the%20final%20assault%20on,Nanking%22%20%2812%20December%201937%20\u2013%2010%20February%201938%29.\" >(Emperor Hirohito&#8217;s uncle)<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/allthatsinteresting.com\/rape-of-nanking-massacre\" >launch an assault<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Nanking-Massacre\" >Chinese city of Nanjing (or Nanking)<\/a>. That caused the atrocities in which the Japanese army <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.warhistoryonline.com\/history\/horrible-war-crimes.html\" >brutally murdered<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_toll_of_the_Nanjing_Massacre\" >hundreds of thousands of people<\/a>\u2014<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gettyimages.co.jp\/\u5199\u771f\/nanking-massacre\" >including both soldiers and civilians<\/a>\u2014<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/thoughts-on-the-nanjing-massacre\/\" >in the <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/thoughts-on-the-nanjing-massacre\/\" >city<\/a>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.warhistoryonline.com\/history\/horrible-war-crimes.html\" >The horrific events are known as the Nanjing <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.warhistoryonline.com\/history\/horrible-war-crimes.html\" >Massacre or the Rape of Nanjing.<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanjing_Massacre_denial\" >Some Japanese<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gjia.georgetown.edu\/2021\/10\/25\/un-remembering-the-massacre-how-japans-history-wars-are-challenging-research-integrity-domestically-and-abroad\/\" >attempt to deny<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/marcuse.faculty.history.ucsb.edu\/classes\/133p\/133p04papers\/JChapelNanjing046.htm\" >Nanjing Massacre<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1946\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subsequent_Nuremberg_trials\" >subsequent Nuremberg trials<\/a>\u00a0begin with the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doctors%27_Trial\" >Doctors&#8217; Trial<\/a>, prosecuting physicians and officers alleged to be involved in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_human_experimentation\" >Nazi human experimentation<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Action_T4\" >mass murder under the guise of euthanasia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1946\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constituent_Assembly_of_India\" >Constituent Assembly of India<\/a>\u00a0meets to write the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_India\" >Constitution of India<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1948<strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genocide_Convention\" >Genocide Convention<\/a>\u00a0is adopted.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/genocideprevention\/documents\/atrocity-crimes\/Doc.1_Convention%20on%20the%20Prevention%20and%20Punishment%20of%20the%20Crime%20of%20Genocide.pdf\" >Text:: <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/genocideprevention\/documents\/atrocity-crimes\/Doc.1_Convention%20on%20the%20Prevention%20and%20Punishment%20of%20the%20Crime%20of%20Genocide.pdf\" ><em>Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/legal.un.org\/avl\/ha\/cppcg\/cppcg.html\" >Audiovisual Library of International Law: Genocide Convention<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_JnlWOx-huo\" >How Genocide Became Part of International Law | United Nations &#8211; YouTube<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1953\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Red_Scare\" >Red Scare<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Electric\" >General Electric<\/a>\u00a0announces that all\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist\" >communist<\/a>\u00a0employees will be discharged from the company.<\/p>\n<p>1965\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kecksburg_UFO_incident\" >Kecksburg UFO incident<\/a>: A fireball is seen from Michigan to Pennsylvania; with witnesses reporting something crashing in the woods near Pittsburgh.<\/p>\n<p>1968\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Douglas_Engelbart\" >Douglas Engelbart<\/a>\u00a0gave what became known as &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Mother_of_All_Demos\" >The Mother of All Demos<\/a>&#8220;, publicly debuting the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computer_mouse\" >computer mouse<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypertext\" >hypertext<\/a>, and the bit-mapped\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Graphical_user_interface\" >graphical user interface<\/a>\u00a0using the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NLS_(computer_system)\" >oN-Line System (NLS)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1969\u00a0 U.S. Secretary of State\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_P._Rogers\" >William P. Rogers<\/a>\u00a0proposes\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rogers_Plan\" >his plan<\/a> for a ceasefire in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_Attrition\" >War of Attrition<\/a>; Egypt and Jordan accept it over the objections of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestine_Liberation_Organization\" >PLO<\/a>, which leads to\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_September_in_Jordan\" >civil war in Jordan<\/a>\u00a0in September 1970.<\/p>\n<p>1973\u00a0 British and Irish authorities sign the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sunningdale_Agreement\" >Sunningdale Agreement<\/a>\u00a0to establish a power-sharing\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland_Executive_(1974)\" >Northern Ireland Executive<\/a>\u00a0and a cross-border\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Council_of_Ireland\" >Council of Ireland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1979\u00a0 The eradication of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smallpox\" >smallpox<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virus\" >virus<\/a>\u00a0is certified, making smallpox the first of only two diseases that have been driven to extinction (with\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rinderpest\" >rinderpest<\/a>\u00a0in 2011 being the other).<\/p>\n<p>1987\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli\u2013Palestinian_conflict\" >Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Intifada\" >First Intifada<\/a>\u00a0begins in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaza_Strip\" >Gaza Strip<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Bank\" >West Bank<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1992\u00a0 American troops land in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somalia\" >Somalia<\/a>\u00a0for\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unified_Task_Force\" >Operation Restore Hope<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><strong>10 December<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1520\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martin_Luther\" >Martin Luther<\/a>\u00a0burns his copy of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papal_bull\" >papal bull<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exsurge_Domine\" ><em>Exsurge Domine<\/em><\/a>\u00a0outside\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wittenberg\" >Wittenberg<\/a>&#8216;s Elster Gate<\/p>\n<p>1684\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Newton\" >Isaac Newton<\/a>&#8216;s derivation of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kepler%27s_laws\" >Kepler&#8217;s laws<\/a>\u00a0from his theory of gravity, contained in the paper\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/De_motu_corporum_in_gyrum\" ><em>De motu corporum in gyrum<\/em><\/a>, is read to the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Society\" >Royal Society<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edmond_Halley\" >Edmond Halley<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1877\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877\u201378)\" >Russo-Turkish War<\/a>: The Russian Army\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Plevna\" >captures Plevna<\/a>\u00a0after a 5-month siege. The garrison of 25,000 surviving\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Turks<\/a>\u00a0surrenders. The Russian victory is decisive for the outcome of the war and the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberation_of_Bulgaria\" >Liberation of Bulgaria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1898\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish\u2013American_War\" >Spanish\u2013American War<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)\" >Treaty of Paris<\/a>\u00a0is signed, officially ending the conflict. Spain cedes administration of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" >Cuba<\/a>\u00a0to the United States, and the United States agrees to pay Spain $20 million for the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1932\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thailand\" >Thailand<\/a>\u00a0becomes a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Thailand\" >constitutional monarchy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1942\u00a0 World War II:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polish_government-in-exile\" >Government of Poland in exile<\/a>\u00a0send\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raczy\u0144ski%27s_Note\" >Raczy\u0144ski&#8217;s Note<\/a>\u00a0(the first official report on the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holocaust\" >Holocaust<\/a>) to 26 governments who signed the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Declaration_by_United_Nations\" >Declaration by United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1948\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\" >The <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\" >Universal Declaration of <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\" >Human Right<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\" >s<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\" >(UDHR)<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\" >\u00a0<\/a>is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_human_rights#Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" >adopted<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_human_rights#Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" > by the\u00a0<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_human_rights#Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" >United Nations<\/a>.\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Peters_Humphrey#Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" >John Peters <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Peters_Humphrey#Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" >Humphre<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Peters_Humphrey#Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" >y<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Peters_Humphrey#Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" >, <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Peters_Humphrey#Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" >OC OQ, Canadian legal scholar, jurist,<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Peters_Humphrey#Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" >is<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Peters_Humphrey#Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" > a principal drafter of the\u00a0<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Peters_Humphrey#Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" >Universal Declaration of Human Rights<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Peters_Humphrey#Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" >.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\" >Universal Declaration of Human Rights<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/udhr\/drafters-of-the-declaration\" >Drafters of the Declaration | United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/udhr\/history-of-the-declaration\" >History of the Declaration | United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thewire.in\/rights\/indias-important-contributions-to-the-universal-declaration-of-human-rights\" >Remembering India\u2019s Contributions to UDHR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_human_rights\" >History of human rights <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/2019\/01\/04\/roots-human-rights\/\" >Stanford scholar examines the roots of human rights <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights#Criticism\" >Criticisms on<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights#Criticism\" > UDHR<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1755088219832992\" >Are human rights western\u2014And why does it matter? <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/libertyandhumanity.com\/themes\/international-human-rights-law\/the-universal-declarations-bias-towards-western-democracies\/\" >The Universal Declaration\u2019s bias towards Western democracies <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/mec\/2012\/12\/10\/1569\/\" >Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights_in_Muslim-majority_countries\" >Human rights in Muslim-majority countries <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universal_Islamic_Declaration_of_Human_Rights\" >Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/228221842_Mission_Accomplished_An_Impact_Assessment_of_the_UDHR_in_Africa\" >Mission Accomplished? An Impact Assessment of the UDHR in Africa <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawteacher.net\/free-law-essays\/international-law\/universalism-and-cultural-relativism-in-human-rights-international-law-essay.php\" >Cultural Relativism and <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawteacher.net\/free-law-essays\/international-law\/universalism-and-cultural-relativism-in-human-rights-international-law-essay.php\" >Universal <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lawteacher.net\/free-law-essays\/international-law\/universalism-and-cultural-relativism-in-human-rights-international-law-essay.php\" >Human Rights<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fs2.american.edu\/dfagel\/www\/Class%20Readings\/Donnelly\/Cultual%20Relativism.pdf\" >Cultural Relativism and Universal Human Rights <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fs2.american.edu\/dfagel\/www\/Class%20Readings\/Donnelly\/Cultual%20Relativism.pdf\" >by <\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fs2.american.edu\/dfagel\/www\/Class%20Readings\/Donnelly\/Cultual%20Relativism.pdf\" >Jack Donnelly<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ir.law.fsu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&amp;context=articles\" >International Human Rights and Cultural Relativism <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/webtv.un.org\/en\/asset\/k1l\/k1le9yde3m\" >Panel on Celebrating Diversity &#8211; Social Forum 2018 | UN Web TV<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/01\/the-clash-of-two-civilizations-over-human-rights\/\" >The Clash of Two Civilizations over Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/06\/human-rights-and-confronting-china-geopolitically\/\" >Human Rights and Confronting China Geopolitically<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/the-argonaut.com\/snap\/humanrights#:~:text=Anthropology\u2019s%20ambivalence%20with%20human%20rights%20could%20be%20seen,human%20rights%20from%20being%20applied%20to%20all%20cultures.\" >The bizarre relationship between human rights and anthropology <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/americananthro.org\/news-advocacy\/2020-statement-on-anthropology-and-human-rights\/\" >2020 Statement on Anthropology and Human Rights <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[4]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-02\/conscientious-objection.pdf\" >Right to Refuse to Kill<\/a>\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conscientious_objector\" >Conscientious objector <\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1244&amp;context=elj\" >The Constitutional Right Not to Kill <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dokumen.tips\/documents\/right-to-refuse-to-kill.html?page=1\" >Right to Refuse to Kill \u2013 DOKUMEN.TIPS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1963\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zanzibar\" >Zanzibar<\/a>\u00a0gains independence from the United Kingdom as a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitutional_monarchy\" >constitutional monarchy<\/a>, under Sultan\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jamshid_bin_Abdullah_of_Zanzibar\" >Jamshid bin Abdullah<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1978\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arab\u2013Israeli_conflict\" >Arab\u2013Israeli conflict<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Israel\" >Prime Minister of Israel<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Menachem_Begin\" >Menachem Begin<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Egypt\" >President of Egypt<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anwar_Sadat\" >Anwar Sadat<\/a>\u00a0are jointly awarded the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize\" >Nobel Peace Prize<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1979\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaohsiung_Incident\" >Kaohsiung Incident<\/a>: Taiwanese pro-democracy demonstrations are suppressed by the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KMT\" >KMT<\/a>\u00a0dictatorship, and organizers are arrested.<\/p>\n<p>1984\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_General_Assembly\" >United Nations General Assembly<\/a>\u00a0recognizes the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Convention_against_Torture\" >Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-against-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading\" >Full Text of CA<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-against-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading\" >T | OHCHR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/topic\/torture\" >Torture | OHCHR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/treaty-bodies\/cat\/background-convention\" >Background to the Convention | OHCHR<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1989\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990\" >Mongolian Revolution<\/a>: At the country&#8217;s first open pro-democracy public demonstration,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsakhiagiin_Elbegdorj\" >Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj<\/a>\u00a0announces the establishment of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mongolian_Democratic_Union\" >Mongolian Democratic Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1994\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rwandan_genocide\" >Rwandan genocide<\/a>:\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maurice_Baril\" >Maurice Baril<\/a>, military advisor to the U.N.\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations\" >Secretary-General<\/a>\u00a0and head of the Military Division of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Department_of_Peacekeeping_Operations\" >Department of Peacekeeping Operations<\/a>, recommends that\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNAMIR\" >UNAMIR<\/a>\u00a0stand down.<\/p>\n<p>1995\u00a0 The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli_army\" >Israeli army<\/a>\u00a0withdraws from\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nablus\" >Nablus<\/a>\u00a0pursuant to the terms of\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo_I_Accord\" >Oslo Accord<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>1996\u00a0 The new\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_South_Africa\" >Constitution of South Africa<\/a>\u00a0is promulgated by\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nelson_Mandela\" >Nelson Mandela<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>_____________________________________________<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Satoshi Ashikaga is\u00a0a member of the\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace Development Environment<\/em><\/a><em>. Having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, he prefers a peaceful and prudent life.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, constantly remind him of the invaluableness of peace.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Disclaimer:<\/em><\/strong><em> The author and <\/em>TMS <em>take no responsibility for&#8211;and do not necessarily subscribe to&#8211;contents of websites hyperlinked as sources.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>4-10 December 2023<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":247253,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[260],"class_list":["post-249274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=249274"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":249275,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249274\/revisions\/249275"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/247253"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=249274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=249274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}