{"id":25261,"date":"2013-02-04T12:00:15","date_gmt":"2013-02-04T12:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=25261"},"modified":"2013-02-11T11:43:14","modified_gmt":"2013-02-11T11:43:14","slug":"an-economic-alternative-to-exploitative-free-market-capitalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2013\/02\/an-economic-alternative-to-exploitative-free-market-capitalism\/","title":{"rendered":"An Economic Alternative to Exploitative Free Market Capitalism"},"content":{"rendered":"

In 1649, a group of English communists started fighting the notion of private property in what became known as the commons movement. They were using the unstable period in England\u2019s history to introduce a new economy, one that would see land, wells and other means of wealth as shared resources. This group would prevent a small class of people from collecting and consolidating the rights to basic human life, such as water and food. In an annual celebration that doubled as a protest, they would circle the village commons and level or dig up any hedges and fences that designated spots of private ownership. They became known as the \u201clevelers\u201d or \u201cdiggers.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n

The movement, which was subsequently quelled in 1651 by landowners and the Council of State, has seen a revival in the past decade. It remained dormant for so many years because of its fundamental threat to modern economics, putting community needs at the center of society rather than those of the individual.<\/p>\n

The commons protects large resources from privatization, such as the lobster fisheries in Maine or grassland management in Mongolia, and allows collectives to regulate extraction. Exploitation is avoided because no one individual has more of a right to the source than any other.<\/p>\n

\u201c[The commons]\u201d is \u201can intellectually coherent way of talking about inalienable value, which we don\u2019t have a vocabulary for,\u201d David Bollier, author of \u201cThe Wealth of the Commons,\u201d<\/a> said in a conference Tuesday at the Heinrich B\u00f6ll Foundation in Washington, D.C.<\/p>\n

It is a way, Bollier says, of formally introducing the \u201cpolitical, public policy, cultural, social, personal, even spiritual\u201d aspects of life into our economic system, which now, he says, can deal only with monetary value.<\/p>\n

\u201cYou could say that it\u2019s a different metaphysics than that of the modern liberal state,\u201d he says, \u201cwhich looks at the individual as the sole agent.\u201d<\/p>\n

The commons movement is a reaction to exploitative free market capitalism. It rejects the notion that resources, spaces and other assets are purely a means to wealth. It condemns the privatization of public works, such as the parking meters in Chicago, which allows the sovereign wealth fund that controls it to increase the rates.<\/p>\n

When an economy allocates wealth to private entities, Bollier says, those property rights inevitably get consolidated until a few large institutions control its means.<\/p>\n

Instead, he says, we need to protect the commons with rules that bar individual ownership of that property. It is not, however, a space that is left as a free-for-all; it still has regulations and state recognition that prevent private groups from exploiting it.<\/p>\n

The commons introduces a \u201crole for organized self-governance as opposed to government,\u201d Bollier says, \u201calthough they can be made complimentary.\u201d The community manages the resource and has an involved interest in keeping others from decreasing its supply, he says, because the license belongs to the public.<\/p>\n

But the commons is not restricted to natural resources\u2014it extends to the Web, science and other technologies.<\/p>\n

The Internet has become the setting for a fierce battle between public advocates that would like to designate forums as open and free, and companies that seek to control more of its content through bills like the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the Protect IP Act (PIPA). Many programmers have handed over their copyright ownership to the public in the form of General Public Licenses and Creative Commons licenses, which allow the public to use and contribute to forums without having to pay for usage. It also keeps companies from using personal information, as with Facebook, to target potential consumers.<\/p>\n

Additionally, one-fifth of the human genome is privately owned through patents. Salt Lake City-based Myriad Genetics,<\/a> for example, owns the breast cancer susceptibility gene, which guarantees monopoly control over research into cancer. It discourages many other researchers from exploring treatment, something that could ultimately stunt our capacity for medical advances.<\/p>\n

The issue extends further: Monsanto uses Genetically Modified Organisms to displace natural seeds, multinational water bottle companies are privatizing groundwater, and software companies retain copyrights on mathematical algorithms that others then cannot use.<\/p>\n

\u201cEnclosure,\u201d Bollier says about patents and private ownership, \u201cis about dispossession. It\u2019s a process by which the powerful convert a shared community resource into a market commodity \u2026 This is known as development.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe strange thing about the commons is that it\u2019s invisible because it\u2019s outside of the market and the state,\u201d Bollier says. \u201cIt\u2019s not seen as valuable and isn\u2019t recognized because it has little to do with property rights for markets or geopolitical power \u2026 but there\u2019s an estimated 2 billion people around the world whose lives depend upon commons like fisheries, forests, irrigation water and so forth.\u201d<\/p>\n

The neoliberal market does not, paradoxically, grasp the purpose behind the commons. Our current system is one-dimensional, Bollier says, and is designed to attach a price to everything.<\/p>\n

For years, sustainability experts have sought ways to incorporate moderation and conservation into the neoliberal model through such incentives as cap and trade. But companies, Bollier says, will pay the extra fees until it is no longer economically viable, proving that in a system of privatization, people are willing to shell out penalty payments as long as they do not disrupt their profits.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere\u2019s an allure in trying to meet microeconomics and neoliberal economics on its own ground,\u201d says Carroll Muffett, moderator of the discussion and president of the Center for International Environmental Law, \u201cto say \u2018if you want to put a price on everything, here\u2019s the price for this and look how massive the price is,\u2019 whether it\u2019s access to water or it\u2019s pollination \u2026 but for me the danger is: Is meeting them on their own ground what we should be doing? Is there an inherent compromise in there that risks giving up something that ultimately cannot have a value put on it?\u201d<\/p>\n

Until recently, Bollier and Muffett say, there has been much wiggle room for the free market to expand. But as the basic needs of fresh water, energy and food are being overproduced or vanishing because of climate change, companies are finding that their only options are to draw from the scant resources of Third World communities to meet their profit margins. It is a test to see what, in the end, neoliberalism holds higher in value: money or life.<\/p>\n

Muffett says that question has already been answered in the building of the coal-fired Medupi Power Station<\/a> in South Africa. An assessment of the power station projected that there wouldn\u2019t be enough water to keep the plant operating and meet the needs of the local community. The watershed adjacent to the plant is already so overtaxed that it doesn\u2019t reach the sea. The company, Eskom, proposed to reroute water from another watershed for its main operation and use the local supply for its filtration system. It would raise the price of water for the community to keep \u201cpoachers\u201d from draining the source.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe water that\u2019s being poached,\u201d Muffett says, \u201cis to give people access to fresh water and to water their crops for subsistence living.<\/p>\n

\u201cPutting a price on that for a community is ultimately missing the point. The water isn\u2019t fungible. If I give you my gallon of water and you give me $1,000, I can\u2019t drink the thousand dollars.\u201d<\/p>\n

Both Bollier and Muffett say this is the result of an economy based on the philosophies of Thomas Malthus and John Locke, whose models do not guarantee the right of existence. To exist, one must have money. It becomes the defining characteristic of life.<\/p>\n

\u201cThat\u2019s the risk in the natural capital approach,\u201d Muffett says. \u201cIt\u2019s saying \u2018if you give me a thousand dollars, that\u2019s a substitute for my bees, my pollinators, for the land where my ancestors are buried.\u2019 And there is no substitute for that.\u201d<\/p>\n

This article was made possible by the Center for Study of Responsive Law.<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Go to Original \u2013 truthdig.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The commons movement protects large resources from privatization and allows collectives to regulate extraction. Exploitation is avoided because no one individual has more of a right to the source than any other.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,146,169,203],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-capitalism","category-economics","category-trade","category-development"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25261"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25261\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25261"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25261"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}