{"id":269750,"date":"2024-07-22T12:00:33","date_gmt":"2024-07-22T11:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=269750"},"modified":"2024-07-18T06:40:16","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T05:40:16","slug":"settled-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/07\/settled-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Settled"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>

An Israeli Settlement in the West Bank – By Andrew E. Larson, licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0 \/ Flickr<\/p><\/div>\n

How the Israeli Extreme Right Has Achieved Victory<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

14 Jul 2024 <\/em>– In 1979, I made the first of what would turn out to be decades of periodic visits to Israel and the West Bank. I traveled there for the New York alternative publication The Village Voice<\/em> to investigate Israel\u2019s growing settler movement, Gush Emunim (or the Bloc of the Faithful). The English-language Israeli newspaper, The Jerusalem Post<\/em>, then reported that settlers from Kiryat Arba, a Jewish West Bank outpost, had murdered two Palestinian teenagers from the village of Halhoul. There, in one of the earliest West Bank settlements established by Gush Emunim, a distant cousin of my husband had two acquaintances. Under cover of being a Jew in search of enlightenment, I spent several days and nights with them.<\/p>\n

Gush Emunim: The Origin of the Settlement Movement<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zvi and Hannah Eidels, my hosts, lived in a four-room apartment in the settlement, which jutted out of an otherwise lovely Mediterranean landscape dotted with stone terraces, olive trees, fruit groves, and grape vines. Kiryat Arba flanked the Palestinian city of Hebron and was an eight-minute car drive from Halhoul on which I wrote a separate article about the murder of those two teens.<\/p>\n

My initial evening with the Eidels happened to be on the holy day of shabat<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The rush to finish cooking ended just before sundown and 32-year-old Hannah, very pregnant with her sixth child, turned to me. \u201cDo you light?\u201d she asked. For a moment I thought she was asking how I coped with power failures in the American economic twilight. She took me to the 10-by-12-foot living room. Just above a photograph of the spiritual father of Gush Emunim, Rabbi Avraham Kook<\/a>, a bearded man with a fur-trimmed hat and heavy-lidded eyes, stood a row of candles on a tiny shelf. I suddenly recalled Friday evenings in my grandmother\u2019s apartment in Philadelphia and was unnerved to find myself, an assimilated Jew \u2014 an atheist, no less \u2014 standing in Kiryat Arba, once again brushing up against Orthodoxy. I nonetheless took the matchbox, lit the candles, and stood there quietly for what I hoped was a decent interval.<\/p>\n

Later, Hannah filled me in on her theory of Jewish superiority: all of creation, she assured me, is suspended in a great chain of being. On the bottom: inanimate non-living things. A link farther up: animate vegetation. Then, non-human animal life. Next, animate non-Jews. On the top, of course, were the Jews. \u201cThis may shock you,\u201d she said, \u201cbut I don\u2019t really believe in democracy. We believe,\u201d she faltered for a moment, glancing at Zvi who was sitting quietly beside us cracking sunflower seeds and spitting the husks expertly onto a plate, \u201cin theocracy. Right, Zvi?\u201d \u201cNot exactly,\u201d said Zvi. \u201cNot a theocracy. The government of God.\u201d<\/p>\n

Gush Emunim was both religious and militant. In a curious blend of ultra-Orthodoxy and historically secular Zionism, \u201cthe Faithful\u201d claimed as their own some of the territories conquered in the Six-Day War<\/a>, the 1967 conflict Israel fought against a coalition of Arab states, during which it took the West Bank, which its leaders called \u201cJudea and Samaria.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cHere began our first place,\u201d one movement leader told me, \u201cin Schechem [Nablus], where Jacob bought a plot of land. Here is the true world of Judaism.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cSome people think the goal of Zionism was peace,\u201d another Gush activist explained. \u201cThat is ridiculous. The goal of Zionism is to construct a people on its land.\u201d But, he continued, \u201cthere were moral problems. There were Arabs living here. By what right did we throw them out? And we did throw them out\u2026 All the stuff about socialism, about national redemption, may be true, but that\u2019s only one part. The fact is, we returned here because the Eternal gave us the land. It\u2019s ridiculous, stupid, simplistic, but that\u2019s what it is. All the rest is superficial. We came back here because we belong.\u201d<\/p>\n

And so began the settler movement, which, to this day, has never ended or stopped taking land from the Palestinians.<\/p>\n

The Alon Plan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Even before that Jewish supremacist incursion, Yigal Alon, Yitzhak Rabin\u2019s deputy prime minister, drafted a plan calling for settlements that would extend Israel\u2019s political boundaries to the Jordan River. Such new Jewish settlements would ring Palestinian villages and towns and separate them from one another. In 1979, when I interviewed the mayor of Halhoul, where those two teens had been murdered, he took me to a hilltop, pointed to Kiryat Arba, and said all too prophetically: \u201cThe settlements are a cancer in our midst. A cancer can kill one man. But this cancer can kill a whole people.\u201d<\/p>\n

Following the Six-Day War, leaders of the Faithful supplied the shock troops for those growing settlements. It was common wisdom then that the situation \u201con the ground\u201d was changing from month to month in favor of the Israelis. When I first started reporting there, a trip between East Jerusalem and Ramallah took about 20 minutes. However, once settler-only highways had been built and checkpoints put in place for Palestinians, the trip became at least twice as long. Initially, just soldiers posted on the roads, such checkpoints would later be industrialized with footpaths, tunnels, and turnstiles that looked like the ones in the subway system of New York where I later lived. Palestinians were then often forced to wait, sometimes for hours, before being allowed \u2014 or not \u2014 to proceed to their destinations.<\/p>\n

The Israel-U.S. Peace Process<\/strong><\/p>\n

In 1993, a \u201cpeace process\u201d was launched in \u2014 yes, you could hardly get farther away \u2014 Oslo, Norway. It \u201cchanged the modalities of the occupation,\u201d as Noam Chomsky put it<\/a>, \u201cbut not the basic concept\u2026 [H]istorian Shlomo Ben-Ami wrote that \u2018the Oslo agreements were founded on a neo-colonialist basis, on a life of dependence of one on the other forever.\u2019\u201d The U.S.-Israeli proposals at Camp David in 2000 only strengthened that colonialist urge. Palestinians were to be confined<\/a> to 200 scattered areas. President Bill Clinton and Prime Minister Ehud Barak proposed the consolidation of the Palestinian population into three cantons under Israeli control, separated from one another and from East Jerusalem.<\/p>\n

From then on, Israel only continued its relentless occupation of Palestinian land. In 2002, it started erecting an enormous barrier wall<\/a> along the Green Line<\/a> and parts of the West Bank. At its most dramatic, that wall is a series of 25-foot-high concrete slabs punctuated by militarized watch towers, supplemented by electronically monitored electrified fences stretching over vast distances.<\/p>\n

After 1979, every time I traveled to the West Bank I saw new Jewish settlements in formation, with their characteristic red-tiled roofs and white walls. Meanwhile, the Israelis restricted Palestinians from building new homes or even additions to current ones. In the West Bank city of Ramallah, that prohibitive situation has resulted in an uglified city center with ever taller buildings. Today, in photos of Ramallah\u2019s contemporary downtown<\/a> I can\u2019t even recognize the place I last visited in 2009.<\/p>\n

Violence<\/strong><\/p>\n

From the very start, Jewish violence has accompanied the proliferation of settlements. In 1979, settlers and soldiers were already terrorizing residents of the Palestinian village of Halhoul and committing violence elsewhere. \u201cA rash of civilian acts of vandalism occurred last spring,\u201d I wrote that year. \u201cSettlers\u2026 uprooted several acres of grapevines belonging to farmers from Hebron\u2026 Kiryat Arba residents also broke into several Arab houses in Hebron and wrecked them.\u201d A four-year-old boy slipped out of his house during one of the curfews (levied by the Israelis on Halhoul, but not, of course, on Kiryat Arba). That child was then stoned by Israeli soldiers. Five months later, I reported speaking with his mother. She \u201cthrust the child toward me and pointed at a scar that still showed on his forehead. \u2018What can we do?\u2019 she implored me. \u2018We have no weapons. We are helpless. We can\u2019t defend ourselves.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

In 1994, an American extremist settler, Baruch Goldstein<\/a>, murdered 29 Palestinian worshipers at the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron and wounded another 125 of them. He was a supporter of the extremist Kach (Thus) movement founded by American rabbi Meir Kahane. In 1988, that movement and a split-off from it called Kahane Chai (Long Live Kahane) were declared to be \u201cterrorist\u201d in character by the Israeli government. It mattered little, however, since terrorism against Palestinians continued to flourish.<\/p>\n

Too Little, Too Late<\/strong><\/p>\n

Forty-five years after my first report on the settlements, New York Times<\/em> columnist Nicholas Kristof wrote<\/a> that a farmer in his seventies living in the West Bank village of Qusra, Abdel-Majeed Hassan, had shown him \u201cthe blackened ground where his car had been set on fire, the latest of four cars belonging to his family that he said [Israeli] settlers had destroyed.\u201d Six residents of Qusra had been killed in such attacks, Kristof reported, between October 2023 and late June 2024. Israel\u2019s government responded to the October 7th Hamas assault in Gaza by endorsing \u201cmore checkpoints, more raids, more Israeli settlements.\u201d Almost duplicating the agonized statement of that Palestinian interviewee of mine in 1979, another Palestinian, an American engineer who had returned to the West Bank, told Kristof, \u201cI\u2019m an American citizen, but if they attack me here, what can I do? They can break my gate; they can kill me.\u201d<\/p>\n

His article was entitled \u201cWe Are Coming to Horrible Days.\u201d Coming? The horror began over half a century ago. Had the New York Times<\/em> run similar articles, starting in the late 1970s; had successive American governments not turned a blind eye to what was happening; had Washington not continued funding<\/a> Israel\u2019s crimes with some $3 billion a year in aid, that country\u2019s land thefts and other crimes on the West Bank could never have continued. In 1979, Israel was already confiscating water from Halhoul and other Palestinian villages, while in the ensuing years you could see swimming pools and lush lawns in the Jewish settlements there, even as Palestinian villages and towns were left to collect rainwater in barrels on housetops.<\/p>\n

Twenty-three years after I made my first trip, the Israeli human rights organization B\u2019tselem reported<\/a> that, in \u201cthe first decade following the occupation, the left-leaning \u2018Alignment\u2019 governments followed the Alon Plan.\u201d It advocated settling areas \u201cperceived as having security importance\u201d and sparse in Palestinian populations. Later, governments under the far more conservative Likud Party began establishing settlements across the West Bank, not just based on security considerations but ideological ones<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Jewish Supremacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

A word about the attitudes of Israeli Jews. In 1982, I interviewed a group of Israeli teenagers, one of whom, the daughter of Israeli leftist acquaintances of mine, told me that each new generation in her country was more right-wing than that of its parents. On one of several trips to Hebron in those years, I read this graffiti on a wall: \u201cARABS TO GAS CHAMBERS.\u201d It certainly caught the mood of both that moment and those that followed to this day. For decades, in fact, the cry \u201cDeath to Arabs!\u201d could be heard at some Israeli demonstrations. By the time Israel began its genocidal campaign in Gaza in 2023, you could watch videos <\/a>of Israeli soldiers dancing and chanting \u201cDeath to Amalek!\u201d (The name Amalek refers to ancient biblical enemies of the Jews.)<\/p>\n

Kristof writes that \u201cIsrael\u2019s \u2018state-backed settler violence,\u2019 as Amnesty International describes<\/a> it, is enforced by American weapons provided to Israel. When armed settlers terrorize Palestinians and force them off their land \u2014 as has happened to 18 communities<\/a> since October [2023] \u2014 they sometimes carry American M16 rifles<\/a>. Sometimes they are escorted by Israeli troops\u2026The United States is already in the thick of the West Bank conflict\u2026 Many settlers have American accents and draw financial support from donors in the United States.\u201d<\/p>\n

But keep in mind that this is nothing new. Baruch Goldstein, that infamous mass murderer of 1994, was an American and it was very clear even then that American Jews were among the most rabid of the settlers.<\/p>\n

In 2021, fulfilling the prophecy of the very first Israeli settler I ever visited, Zvi Eidels, the Israeli regime established what the human rights organization B\u2019tselem called<\/a> \u201ca recognition of Jewish supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea.\u201d<\/p>\n

It feels bitter indeed to me to be able to say, \u201cI told you so.\u201d My accounts were largely ignored in those decades when I periodically reported from the West Bank. After all, I wrote for The Village Voice<\/em> and other non-mainstream publications. The New York Times<\/em> was largely silent on the subject then and Kristof\u2019s recent telling observations sadly come decades too late. Even as I was finishing this article, Israeli forces were bombing<\/a> densely populated neighborhoods in the Nur Shams and Tulkarem refugee camps in the northern West Bank. (The Nur Shams brigade, which was an Israeli target, is an armed resistance group affiliated, according to Mondoweiss,<\/a> with the military wing of Palestinian Islamic Jihad.)<\/p>\n

Raja Shehadeh, one of Palestine\u2019s greatest writers, recently let me know that even he \u2013 whom Israeli forces once recognized as an illustrious person and allowed to travel in relative freedom \u2014 fears venturing outside since the settlers are \u201call over\u201d the West Bank. In a recent Guardian article<\/a> he wrote: \u201cI spent the last 50 years of my life getting used to the loss of the Palestine of my parents; and\u2026 I might spend the remaining years of my life trying to get used to the loss of Palestine in its entirety.\u201d<\/p>\n

I\u2019ve known Shehadeh since 1982 and never in all those years had I seen him despair. It\u2019s unbelievably depressing to find him writing this now. All I could write back was: \u201cI\u2019m afraid you may be right.\u201d Sometimes evil does triumph. Israel has now become a largely fascist country with a deeply fascist government and it has been transformed into that, at least in significant part, because my country has profusely underwritten the most malignant developments there, which are still ongoing<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Just as I was finishing this article, in fact, the Associated Press reported<\/a> that \u201cIsrael has approved the largest seizure of land in the occupied West Bank in over three decades.\u201d That land grab, its account added, \u201creflects the settler community\u2019s strong influence in the government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, the most religious and nationalist in the country\u2019s history.\u201d Thus have the prophecies of the religious-nationalist Gush Emunim been fulfilled.<\/p>\n

[Author\u2019s Note:<\/strong> I am forever indebted to Noam Chomsky, with whom I first became friends in 1964, and whose 1974 book, <\/em>Peace in the Middle East?<\/a>, taught me about the realities of Israel\u2019s subjugation of the Palestinians. For my first trip, he provided me with the name of a person of great influence, the incomparable Dr. Israel Shahak, as well as of other holocaust survivors opposing Israel\u2019s occupation. Noam Chomsky launched me on the long trajectory of my writing about Palestine from 1979 to this very moment. He is now 95 years old and in Brazil with his wife Valeria, recovering from a stroke. May he be blessed through the ages.<\/em>]<\/p>\n

____________________________________________________<\/p>\n

Ellen Cantarow has written about Israel\u2019s crimes against the Palestinian people since 1979 for publications that include <\/em>TomDispatch, The Village Voice, Mother Jones, and<\/em> Grand Street.<\/em><\/p>\n

Copyright 2024 Ellen Cantarow<\/em><\/p>\n

Go to Original – tomdispatch.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

14 Jul 2024 – How the Israeli Extreme Right Has Achieved Victory<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":269753,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[88,2416,3120,427,1639,1025,886],"class_list":["post-269750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-palestine-israel-gaza-genocide","tag-israel","tag-israeli-occupation","tag-jewish-settlers","tag-palestine","tag-right-politics","tag-west-bank","tag-zionism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=269750"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269750\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":269754,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269750\/revisions\/269754"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/269753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=269750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=269750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=269750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}