{"id":296025,"date":"2025-05-26T12:00:37","date_gmt":"2025-05-26T11:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=296025"},"modified":"2025-05-25T04:14:53","modified_gmt":"2025-05-25T03:14:53","slug":"global-peace-disruption-the-trump-trade-wars-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/05\/global-peace-disruption-the-trump-trade-wars-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Global Peace Disruption: The Trump Trade Wars 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Please note that this publication is rated for general readership. Parental guidance is recommended for minors.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>In a materialistic world, trade and economic viability thereof is of paramount importance.\u00a0 Hence, government will weaponize trade to achieve neo-financial colonization.<\/em><a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><strong><em>[1]<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_296026\" style=\"width: 460px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1.png\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-296026\" class=\"wp-image-296026\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"316\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1.png 969w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-300x211.png 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-768x540.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-296026\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">AI generated Imagery of President Trump Declaring Trade Wars, Globally. Photo Credit: Wikimedia Commons<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>President Donald John Trump\u2019s trade war policies and key developments since his inauguration on January 20, 2025, have generated enormous turmoil and systemic peace disruption extending from Vladivostok to Vancouver and beyond.\u00a0 These changes, effectively result in two aspects of Americanism.\u00a0 Firstly, the Presidential executive orders are aimed at increasing fiscal funds.\u00a0 Secondly and more importantly, to Make America Great Again (MAGA).\u00a0 The resultant fallout and private exclusionary deals with United Kingdom, have made the entire policy changes farcical, with unexpected retaliatory measures instituted by super powers like China.\u00a0 This has caused the Trump Administration to review the tariff revisnary policies and effect some degree of normality.<\/p>\n<p>This publication examines and unpacks the entire Trump\u2019s Trade War Policy and how it impacts on global peace efforts in the short term.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Definition of a Trade War<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u00a0<strong>trade war<\/strong>\u00a0occurs when countries impose escalating economic barriers (such as tariffs, quotas, or sanctions) against each other to restrict imports, protect domestic industries, or gain leverage in negotiations. Unlike traditional wars, trade wars are fought with economic weapons rather than military force, but they can still cause significant geopolitical and financial damage.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Commonalities Between Trade Wars and Traditional Wars<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Strategic Conflict with Clear &#8220;Sides&#8221;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trade War<\/strong>: Involves two or more nations (e.g., U.S. vs. China) using tariffs and sanctions as weapons.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traditional War<\/strong>: Involves armed conflict between nations or factions (e.g., Russia vs. Ukraine).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Commonality<\/strong>: Both involve adversarial relationships where each side seeks to weaken the other.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Economic and Psychological Damage<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trade War<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Raises costs for businesses\/consumers (e.g., U.S. households paying $1,190 more annually due to tariffs).<\/li>\n<li>Creates uncertainty, slowing investment and growth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traditional War<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Destroys infrastructure, disrupts supply chains, and causes inflation (e.g., Ukraine\u2019s GDP dropping 30% in 2022).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Commonality<\/strong>: Both inflict economic pain on civilians, even if trade wars do so indirectly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Use of &#8220;Weapons&#8221; and Counterattacks<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trade War<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Weapons<\/strong>: Tariffs, export bans, sanctions (e.g., U.S. 145% tariffs on China, China\u2019s rare earth export restrictions).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Counterattacks<\/strong>: Retaliatory tariffs (e.g., China\u2019s 125% tariffs on U.S. goods).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traditional War<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Weapons<\/strong>: Missiles, cyberattacks, blockades.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Counterattacks<\/strong>: Military strikes, sabotage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Commonality<\/strong>: Both involve offensive and defensive maneuvers to pressure the opponent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong> Nationalistic Propaganda and Public Mobilization<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trade War<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Politicians frame tariffs as &#8220;patriotic&#8221; (e.g., Trump\u2019s &#8220;America First,&#8221; China\u2019s &#8220;self-reliance&#8221; rhetoric).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traditional War<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Governments use propaganda to rally public support (e.g., WWII\u2019s &#8220;Rosie the Riveter&#8221; campaigns).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Commonality<\/strong>: Both rely on nationalism to justify sacrifices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong> Potential for Escalation and Proxy Battles<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trade War<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Can spill into tech bans (e.g., U.S. blocking Huawei) or currency manipulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traditional War<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Can escalate into broader conflicts (e.g., WWI sparked by regional tensions).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Commonality<\/strong>: Both risk uncontrolled expansion beyond initial disputes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><strong> Winners and Losers<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trade War<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Some industries benefit (e.g., U.S. steelmakers gain from tariffs), while others suffer (e.g., farmers losing export markets).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traditional War<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Arms manufacturers profit, while civilians bear the brunt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Commonality<\/strong>: Both create uneven economic impacts within societies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Key Differences<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Aspect<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Trade War<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Traditional War<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Tools Used<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Tariffs, sanctions, export controls<\/td>\n<td>Bombs, troops, cyberattacks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Casualties<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Economic (job losses, inflation)<\/td>\n<td>Human (deaths, displacement)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Duration<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Can last years (e.g., U.S.-China since 2018)<\/td>\n<td>Often shorter but more intense<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Resolution<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Negotiated deals (e.g., truces)<\/td>\n<td>Treaties or surrender<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>While trade wars lack the visceral violence of traditional wars, they share core elements:\u00a0<strong>conflict, strategy, collateral damage, and nationalism<\/strong>. Both can reshape global power dynamics\u2014whether through economic dominance or military victory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Historical Comparison: Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930) vs. WWII Economic Warfare<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To understand how trade wars and traditional wars differ\u2014and overlap\u2014we can examine two pivotal moments: the\u00a0<strong>Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930<\/strong>\u00a0(a trade war escalation) and\u00a0<strong>World War II economic warfare<\/strong>\u00a0(a traditional war with trade dimensions).<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (1930): A Trade War Case Study<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: The U.S. raised tariffs on 20,000+ imports to protect farmers during the Great Depression.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Parallels to Modern Trade Wars<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Retaliation<\/strong>: Canada\/EU imposed counter-tariffs, shrinking U.S. exports by\u00a0<strong>61%<\/strong>\u00a0(1929\u20131933)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Economic Damage<\/strong>: Global trade collapsed by\u00a0<strong>66%<\/strong>, worsening the Depression.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Political Goals<\/strong>: Like Trump\u2019s 2025 tariffs, Smoot-Hawley aimed to revive domestic industries but backfired by isolating the U.S.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Differences from Traditional War<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>No Military Conflict<\/strong>: Unlike WWII, the &#8220;war&#8221; was fought with customs forms, not bullets.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Slow-Motion Crisis<\/strong>: Effects took years to unfold, whereas WWII\u2019s economic blockade (e.g., Allied sanctions on Japan) had immediate impacts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> WWII Economic Warfare: Trade Tools in Traditional War<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: Allies used embargoes, asset freezes, and blockades to cripple Axis economies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Commonalities with Trade Wars<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Weaponized Trade<\/strong>: The U.S. banned oil exports to Japan (1941), mirroring China\u2019s 2025 rare earths threats.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Supply Chain Attacks<\/strong>: Like Trump\u2019s semiconductor tariffs, WWII\u2019s &#8220;Strategic Materials Act&#8221; hoarded resources (e.g., rubber, steel) for military use<\/li>\n<li><strong>Collateral Damage<\/strong>: Civilian shortages occurred in both eras (e.g., U.S. rationing in WWII vs. 2025 inflation from tariffs)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Critical Differences<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Scale of Destruction<\/strong>: WWII caused\u00a0<strong>$4 trillion<\/strong>\u00a0in global GDP loss (adjusted for inflation); Smoot-Hawley\u2019s damage was economic, not human.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alliances vs. Unilateralism<\/strong>: WWII trade measures were coordinated (e.g., Lend-Lease). Trump\u2019s 2025 tariffs are unilateral, sparking fragmented retaliation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Lessons for Trump\u2019s 2025 Trade War<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Retaliation is Guaranteed<\/strong>: Like Smoot-Hawley, Trump\u2019s tariffs triggered swift countermeasures (e.g., China\u2019s 125% tariffs)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Global Systems Collapse<\/strong>: Both eras saw trade frameworks dismantled (1930s: Gold Standard; 2025: WTO rules eroded)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Domestic Pain<\/strong>: Smoot-Hawley deepened unemployment; Trump\u2019s tariffs risk\u00a0<strong>245,000 U.S. job losses<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Key Distinction<\/strong>: WWII\u2019s economic warfare had a clear endgame (Axis surrender). Trade wars lack resolution mechanisms\u2014the 2025 U.S.-China &#8220;truce&#8221; is temporary\u00a0510.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>While trade wars and traditional wars both use economic coercion, their stakes and timelines differ radically. Smoot-Hawley shows how protectionism can spiral; WWII demonstrates how trade tools amplify military strategy. Trump\u2019s 2025 policies blend both playbooks\u2014but without a wartime unity of purpose, the risks of miscalculation are high.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_296030\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/5.png\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-296030\" class=\"wp-image-296030\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/5.png 940w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/5-300x258.png 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/5-768x660.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-296030\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Global Declaration showing affected countries of Trump Trade Wars<br \/>Photo Credit: US Department of Commerce\u00a0 BBC Documentary<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>List of major\u00a0trade wars initiated since World War II, including the key players, rationales, and impacts on both initiators and targeted nations:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> U.S. vs. Japan (1970s\u20131980s)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Initiator<\/strong>: United States<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rationale<\/strong>: To counter Japan\u2019s rising industrial dominance (e.g., autos, electronics) and address the U.S. trade deficit.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tools<\/strong>: Voluntary export restraints (VERs) on cars (1981), 100% tariffs on electronics (1987)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impact<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>U.S.<\/strong>: Temporary protection for Detroit automakers but higher consumer prices; trade deficit persisted.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Japan<\/strong>: Export slowdown, but accelerated shift to high-value manufacturing (e.g., semiconductors).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> U.S. vs. EU (1963 Chicken Tariff War)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Initiator<\/strong>: France\/West Germany (EU precursors)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rationale<\/strong>: Protect European poultry farmers from cheap U.S. chicken imports<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tools<\/strong>: Tariffs on U.S. poultry; U.S. retaliated with 25% tariffs on European brandy, trucks, and dextrin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impact<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>EU<\/strong>: Shielded farmers but reduced consumer choice.<\/li>\n<li><strong>U.S.<\/strong>: Long-term &#8220;chicken tax&#8221; on trucks still affects auto imports today.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> U.S. vs. Canada (1982\u2013Present Lumber Wars)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Initiator<\/strong>: United States<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rationale<\/strong>: Alleged Canadian subsidies for softwood lumber (government-set prices).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tools<\/strong>: Tariffs up to 20%; Canada retaliated with duties on U.S. agricultural goods.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impact<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>U.S.<\/strong>: Higher lumber prices for homebuilders; job losses in construction.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Canada<\/strong>: Export revenue declines but adapted by diversifying to Asian markets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong> U.S.\/Latin America vs. EU (1993 Banana Wars)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Initiator<\/strong>: EU<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rationale<\/strong>: Favor bananas from former Caribbean colonies over Latin American producers (owned by U.S. firms like Chiquita).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tools<\/strong>: EU tariffs on Latin American bananas; U.S. retaliated with tariffs on European luxury goods.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impact<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>EU<\/strong>: Protected small Caribbean farmers but faced WTO sanctions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>U.S.\/Latin America<\/strong>: Won WTO case; EU gradually reduced tariffs by 2012.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong> U.S. vs. China (2018\u2013Present Trade War)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Initiator<\/strong>: United States<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rationale<\/strong>: Address IP theft forced tech transfers, and $375B trade deficit.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tools<\/strong>: Tariffs up to 25% on $550B of Chinese goods; China retaliated with tariffs on U.S. soybeans, autos.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impact<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>U.S.<\/strong>: Higher costs for consumers ($1,190\/household); some manufacturing jobs returned.<\/li>\n<li><strong>China<\/strong>: Export slowdown but accelerated self-reliance in tech (e.g., semiconductors)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><strong> U.S. vs. Global Allies (2025 Trump Tariffs)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Initiator<\/strong>: United States<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rationale<\/strong>: &#8220;Reciprocal tariffs&#8221; to reduce trade deficits; curb fentanyl\/migration\u00a0710.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tools<\/strong>: 10% baseline tariff + 145% on China (later reduced to 30%); Canada\/Mexico faced 25% tariffs\u00a010.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impact<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>U.S.<\/strong>: Projected 0.7% GDP drop; inflation risks\u00a010.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Targets (China\/EU\/Canada)<\/strong>: Retaliatory tariffs; supply chain disruptions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Key Observations<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Patterns<\/strong>: Trade wars often start with protectionist goals but lead to\u00a0<strong>higher consumer costs<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>global supply chain disruptions<\/strong>\u00a016.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Retaliation<\/strong>: Targeted nations typically impose\u00a0<strong>counter-tariffs<\/strong>, hurting both sides (e.g., U.S. farmers during China trade war)\u00a0510.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Long-Term Shifts<\/strong>: Some countries adapt by\u00a0<strong>diversifying trade<\/strong>\u00a0(e.g., Canada to Asia) or\u00a0<strong>boosting domestic industries<\/strong>\u00a0(e.g., China\u2019s tech push).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>For further details, explore sources like\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/articles\/7-trade-wars-boston-tea-party-smoot-hawley\" >History.com<\/a>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a>or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/money\/trade-war-meaning\" >Britannica<\/a>.<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Overview of Trump\u2019s Trade War (2025-Present)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Since taking office, Trump has aggressively expanded tariffs, framing them as tools to combat &#8220;unfair trade practices,&#8221; boost domestic manufacturing, and address national security concerns (e.g., fentanyl trafficking). Key themes include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sweeping tariffs<\/strong>: Imposed on imports from China, Canada, Mexico, the EU, and others, with rates reaching historic highs (e.g., 145% on Chinese goods).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reciprocal tariffs<\/strong>: A 10% baseline tariff on nearly all imports, with higher rates for countries running trade surpluses with the U.S. (e.g., 20\u201350% on select nations).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Retaliation<\/strong>: Trading partners like China, Canada, and the EU responded with counter-tariffs, escalating tensions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Economic impact<\/strong>: Projected to reduce U.S. GDP by 0.7%, raise consumer costs (e.g., $1,190\/household in 2025), and trigger global market volatility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Timeline of Key Actions<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>January\u2013February 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Jan 20<\/strong>: Trump inaugurated; vows to overhaul trade policies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Feb 1<\/strong>: Imposes\u00a0<strong>25% tariffs on Canada\/Mexico<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>10% on China<\/strong>\u00a0under &#8220;national emergency&#8221; claims (fentanyl\/immigration).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Feb 4<\/strong>: China retaliates with tariffs on U.S. farm goods (e.g., 15% on soybeans)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Feb 10<\/strong>: Expands\u00a0<strong>steel\/aluminum tariffs<\/strong>\u00a0to 25% for all countries, removing exemptions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Feb 13<\/strong>: Announces &#8220;reciprocal tariffs&#8221; to match other nations\u2019 trade barriers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>March 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mar 4<\/strong>: Doubles China tariffs to\u00a0<strong>20%<\/strong>; imposes 25% on Canada\/Mexico (later exempts USMCA-compliant goods).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mar 12<\/strong>: Steel\/aluminum tariffs take effect; EU threatens retaliation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mar 26<\/strong>: Announces\u00a0<strong>25% auto tariffs<\/strong>\u00a0(effective April 3).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>April 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Apr 2<\/strong>: Unveils\u00a0<strong>10% universal tariff<\/strong>\u00a0+ higher rates for 57 trade-surplus nations (e.g., 34% on China). Dubbed &#8220;Liberation Day&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Apr 9<\/strong>: Suspends most reciprocal tariffs for 90 days (except China, raised to\u00a0<strong>125%<\/strong>). Total China tariffs hit\u00a0<strong>145%<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Apr 22<\/strong>: Launches probes into\u00a0<strong>semiconductor\/pharmaceutical tariffs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>May 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>May 8<\/strong>: U.K. deal lowers auto\/steel tariffs but retains 10% baseline.<\/li>\n<li><strong>May 12<\/strong>: U.S.-China agree to\u00a0<strong>90-day truce<\/strong>, reducing tariffs to 30% (U.S.) and 10% (China)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Major Tariff Categories<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Country-Specific<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>China<\/strong>: 145% peak (IEEPA + reciprocal tariffs)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Canada\/Mexico<\/strong>: 25% (exempting USMCA goods).<\/li>\n<li><strong>EU<\/strong>: 20% reciprocal rate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Product-Specific<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Autos<\/strong>: 25% (April 2025)\u00a05.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Steel\/Aluminum<\/strong>: 25% (March 2025)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Semiconductors\/Pharma<\/strong>: Proposed 25%+ (under investigation).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong> Global Reactions &amp; Retaliation<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>China<\/strong>: Imposed\u00a0<strong>125% tariffs<\/strong>\u00a0on U.S. goods, restricted rare earth exports.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Canada\/EU<\/strong>: Retaliated with tariffs on U.S. agricultural and manufactured goods<\/li>\n<li><strong>Markets<\/strong>: April 2025 saw stock crashes and supply chain disruptions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong> Economic Projections<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>U.S. Impact<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>$2.1 trillion in tariff revenue (10-year estimate).<\/li>\n<li>0.7% GDP reduction; 1.2% drop in market income by 2026.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Global<\/strong>: OECD warns of recession risks; inflation spikes expected<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trump\u2019s 2025 trade war marks a dramatic escalation, blending economic nationalism with geopolitical strategy. While aimed at reshaping global trade, the policies have triggered widespread retaliation and economic uncertainty. The recent 90-day truce with China offers temporary relief, but the long-term trajectory remains volatile.<\/p>\n<p>For further details, the reader \u00a0may explore the cited sources (e.g.,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/research\/all\/federal\/trump-tariffs-trade-war\/\" >Tax Foundation<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/trump-tariff-england-trade-war-e8300b457256d4c23d64928c09ce2b63\" >AP<u>[5]<\/u> News<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rationale for Trump\u2019s Trade War Campaign (2025) and How It Aims to &#8220;Make America Great Again&#8221; (MAGA)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Core Rationale Behind the Trade War<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>President Trump\u2019s trade policies are driven by a blend of\u00a0<strong>economic nationalism, geopolitical strategy, and populist rhetoric<\/strong>, anchored in the following justifications:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Addressing Trade Imbalances and &#8220;Unfair&#8221; Practices<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reciprocity<\/strong>: Trump argues that the U.S. has been exploited by trading partners due to asymmetrical tariffs (e.g., the U.S. average tariff rate is 3.3%, vs. India\u2019s 17% or the EU\u2019s 5%)\u00a0210. His &#8220;reciprocal tariffs&#8221; aim to force other nations to lower their barriers or face matching U.S. tariffs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trade Deficits<\/strong>: The U.S. goods trade deficit hit\u00a0<strong>$1.2 trillion in 2024<\/strong>, which Trump frames as a threat to sovereignty and jobs. Tariffs are touted as a tool to rebalance trade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> National Security and Supply Chain Resilience<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dependence on Adversaries<\/strong>: Trump highlights reliance on China for critical goods (e.g., rare earths, pharmaceuticals) and Mexico\/Canada for fentanyl precursors as emergencies justifying tariffs under the\u00a0<strong>International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Manufacturing Decline<\/strong>: U.S. manufacturing\u2019s share of global output fell from 28.4% (2001) to 17.4% (2023). Tariffs aim to revive sectors like steel, autos, and semiconductors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Political and Populist Messaging<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Border Security Link<\/strong>: Tariffs on Mexico\/Canada are tied to migration and fentanyl, with Trump claiming they pressure these nations to curb drug trafficking\u00a0610.<\/li>\n<li><strong>MAGA Nostalgia<\/strong>: The campaign evokes post-WWII industrial glory, promising to restore &#8220;blue-collar masculinity&#8221; through factory jobs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_296029\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4.png\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-296029\" class=\"wp-image-296029\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4.png 183w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-161x300.png 161w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-296029\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caricatures of President Trump Trade Wars<br \/>Photo Credit: Wikimedia Commons<\/p><\/div>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> How the Trade War Aims to MAGA<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Trump\u2019s team argues the short-term pain of tariffs will yield long-term gains:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Economic Sovereignty<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reshoring Jobs<\/strong>: By making imports costlier, tariffs incentivize domestic production. For example, steel tariffs aim to revive Pennsylvania\u2019s steel industry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Leverage in Negotiations<\/strong>: The 90-day pauses (e.g., with China and the UK) are framed as victories, forcing concessions like reduced auto tariffs for the UK.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Revenue and Protectionism<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Taxing Imports<\/strong>: The 10% baseline tariff is projected to raise\u00a0<strong>$2.1 trillion over a decade<\/strong>, offsetting income taxes (though economists dispute this math)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Shielding Industries<\/strong>: Sector-specific tariffs (e.g., 25% on autos) protect U.S. automakers from foreign competition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Geopolitical Dominance<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Confronting China<\/strong>: The 145% peak tariff pressures Beijing on fentanyl, intellectual property, and rare earths exports.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rewriting Trade Rules<\/strong>: The &#8220;Liberation Day&#8221; tariffs (April 2025) seek to dismantle the WTO-led global order, replacing it with bilateral deals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Risks and Contradictions<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Consumer Costs<\/strong>: Tariffs add\u00a0<strong>$1,190\/household annually<\/strong>\u00a0(2025), with price hikes on electronics, clothing, and cars.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Retaliation<\/strong>: China targets MAGA strongholds (e.g., blocking U.S. beef\/poultry exports from Iowa\/Nebraska)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Political Backlash<\/strong>: GOP leaders warn voter patience may expire by midterms if economic pain persists.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong>: Trump\u2019s trade war is a high-stakes gamble to reshape global trade in America\u2019s favor, blending protectionism with populist appeal. While it energizes his base, its success hinges on whether short-term disruptions translate into lasting industrial revivals and trigger a broader economic downturn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact of Trump\u2019s 2025 Trade War on Ordinary Households<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Ordinary Households in the U.S.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Trump\u2019s aggressive tariffs since January 2025 have imposed significant costs on American consumers, with effects varying by income level:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Higher Living Costs<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>The average U.S. household faces an additional\u00a0<strong>1,190inannualcosts<\/strong><strong>\u2217\u2217duetotariffsin2025,risingto<\/strong><strong>\u2217\u22171,190<em>inannualcosts<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u2217\u2217<em>duetotariffsin<\/em>2025,<em>risingto<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u2217\u22171,462 in 2026<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Lower-income households bear a\u00a0<strong>disproportionate burden<\/strong>, experiencing\u00a0<strong>twice the cost increase<\/strong>\u00a0compared to high-income families due to reduced product variety and less flexibility in spending adjustments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Price Hikes and Shortages<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Tariffs on Chinese goods (peaking at\u00a0<strong>145%<\/strong>) and global imports (10% baseline) have raised prices for electronics, clothing, and automobiles.<\/li>\n<li>Retailers like McDonald\u2019s<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a> and Harley-Davidson<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]<\/a> report declining sales as consumers cut back due to uncertainty and higher prices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Job Market &amp; Income<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>245,000 U.S. jobs<\/strong>\u00a0were lost in Trump\u2019s first-term trade war, primarily in manufacturing and retail.<\/li>\n<li>Trucking, logistics, and agriculture sectors face layoffs due to reduced trade volumes and retaliatory tariffs (e.g., China\u2019s tariffs on U.S. soybeans).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Psychological &amp; Economic Uncertainty<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Consumer confidence hit a\u00a0<strong>13-year low<\/strong>\u00a0in April 2025, with fears of inflation and job losses.<\/li>\n<li>Businesses delay investments, exacerbating economic stagnation (U.S. GDP shrank\u00a0<strong>0.3%<\/strong>\u00a0in Q1 2025).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Ordinary Households in China<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>China\u2019s economy initially showed resilience (5.4% growth in Q1 2025), but households face localized pain:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Income and Employment Losses<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>2.5% most tariff-exposed Chinese workers<\/strong>\u00a0saw\u00a0<strong>2.52% lower incomes<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>1.62% fewer manufacturing jobs<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Satellite data (night-light intensity) revealed declining economic activity in industrial hubs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Consumer and Investor Behaviour<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Households reduced stock market participation due to\u00a0<strong>higher income volatility and risk aversion<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods (e.g., agriculture) raised food prices but were partly offset by alternative imports.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Long-Term Shifts<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>China is diversifying trade away from the U.S. (e.g., boosting exports to the EU and Southeast Asia)<\/li>\n<li>The 90-day tariff truce (May 2025) offers temporary relief, but long-term uncertainty persists<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Key Takeaways<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>U.S. households<\/strong>\u00a0pay more for goods, face job instability, and endure economic anxiety.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chinese households<\/strong>\u00a0experience income cuts in export-heavy regions but benefit from state-led trade pivots.<\/li>\n<li>Both nations face\u00a0<strong>trade diversion<\/strong>\u00a0(e.g., U.S. firms sourcing from Vietnam, China selling to Europe)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For details, the reader is invited to refer to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/taxfoundation.org\/research\/all\/federal\/trump-tariffs-trade-war\/\" >Tax Foundation<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]<\/a> and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/us-china-deal-did-trump-lose-trade-war-2071407\" >Newsweek<u>[9]<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_296027\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-2.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-296027\" class=\"wp-image-296027\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2-2-300x196.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-296027\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trump Trade Wars Caricature<br \/>Photo Credit: Wikimedia Commons<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Computer Chips and links to Trade War<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Computer chips (semiconductors) are at the heart of modern trade wars due to their\u00a0<strong>strategic importance<\/strong>\u00a0in technology, military systems, and economic competitiveness. Here\u2019s how they intersect with trade conflicts, illustrated with real-world examples:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Chips as a Geopolitical Weapon<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Why?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Semiconductors power everything from smartphones to AI and missiles. Controlling their supply chain grants economic and military leverage.<\/li>\n<li>The U.S. and China are locked in a &#8220;<strong>Chip War<\/strong>&#8221; to dominate design, manufacturing, and access to advanced chips.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Example: U.S. vs. China Export Controls<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In 2025, the U.S. imposed\u00a0<strong>145% tariffs<\/strong>\u00a0on Chinese chips and banned exports of advanced AI chips (e.g., Nvidia\u2019s H100) to cripple China\u2019s tech\/military growth\u00a036.<\/li>\n<li>China retaliated by restricting exports of\u00a0<strong>gallium<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>germanium<\/strong>\u00a0(critical for chipmaking), hurting U.S. defense contractors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Outcome<\/strong>: A global scramble to secure chip supplies, with companies like TSMC building plants in the U.S. to avoid tariffs.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Tariffs Disrupting Supply Chains<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Why?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chips rely on a\u00a0<strong>global supply chain<\/strong>: Designed in the U.S. (Nvidia)<a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]<\/a>, made in Taiwan (TSMC<a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]<\/a>, <a href=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]<\/a>), assembled in China, and used globally. Tariffs disrupt this flow.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Example: Gaming Consoles Hit by Tariffs<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In 2025, U.S. tariffs on Chinese-made electronics (e.g., PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch) raised console prices by\u00a0<strong>30\u201340%<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Sony and Nintendo shifted production to Vietnam, but new U.S. tariffs (up to\u00a0<strong>46% on Vietnam<\/strong>) nullified the cost savings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Outcome<\/strong>: Higher consumer prices and supply chain chaos, with companies stockpiling chips preemptively\u00a014.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Subsidies and &#8220;Chip Nationalism&#8221;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Why?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Countries are spending billions to\u00a0<strong>onshore<\/strong>\u00a0chip production, fearing over-reliance on rivals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Examples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>U.S.CHIPS Act<\/strong>:\u00a052.7billiontoboostdomesticchipmaking,counteredbyChina\u2019s52.7<em>billiontoboostdomesticchipmaking<\/em>,<em>counteredbyChina<\/em>\u2019<em>s<\/em>150 billion subsidy for SMIC<a href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]<\/a> (its top chipmaker).<\/li>\n<li><strong>EU Chips Act<\/strong>: \u20ac43 billion to reduce dependence on U.S.\/Asian chips.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Outcome<\/strong>: A subsidies arms race, with TSMC (Taiwan) caught in the crossfire as it builds plants in the U.S., Japan, and Germany<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong> Tech Decoupling and &#8220;Silicon Blockades&#8221;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Why?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The U.S. aims to\u00a0<strong>cut China off<\/strong>\u00a0from advanced chips (e.g., for AI\/supercomputers), while China pushes self-sufficiency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Example: Huawei\u2019s Survival Tactics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>After U.S. sanctions, Huawei developed its\u00a0<strong>7nm chips<\/strong>\u00a0(via SMIC) despite export bans, using older tech to bypass restrictions.<\/li>\n<li>China now produces\u00a0<strong>60% of global surveillance chips<\/strong>\u00a0(e.g., HiSilicon), reducing reliance on U.S. firms like Intel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Outcome<\/strong>: A fragmented tech ecosystem, with Chinese chips powering domestic products but lagging in cutting-edge innovation\u00a0.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong> Secondary Effects: Shortages and Inflation<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Why?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trade wars create\u00a0<strong>bottlenecks<\/strong>. In 2025, chip lead times hit\u00a0<strong>4+ months<\/strong>, and prices rose\u00a0<strong>18%<\/strong>\u00a0due to tariffs and hoarding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Example: Auto Industry Crisis<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>U.S. tariffs on Chinese\/Mexican auto parts (25%) disrupted car production, echoing the 2021 chip shortage.<\/li>\n<li>Ford and GM warned of\u00a0<strong>$1,000+ price hikes<\/strong>\u00a0per vehicle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Outcome<\/strong>: Higher costs for consumers and stalled tech adoption (e.g., AI, EVs).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Takeaways<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Chips = Power<\/strong>: Control over semiconductors translates to economic\/military dominance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tariffs Reshape Supply Chains<\/strong>: Companies flee China but face new trade barriers (e.g., Vietnam tariffs).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Subsidies Fuel Rivalry<\/strong>: The U.S., EU, and China are spending trillions to &#8220;win&#8221; the chip war.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tech Decoupling is Accelerating<\/strong>: Separate U.S. and Chinese tech ecosystems are emerging.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>For additional reference please see: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cepa.org\/commentary\/part-five-chips-war-2025\/\" >CEPA on the &#8220;Chips War&#8221;<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/us\/en\/insights\/industry\/technology\/technology-media-telecom-outlooks\/semiconductor-industry-outlook.html\" >Deloitte\u2019s 2025 Semiconductor Outlook<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Final Thought<\/strong>: The chip trade war is a high-stakes game of\u00a0<strong>&#8220;musical chairs\u201d,<\/strong>nations and firms are scrambling to secure their place before the music stops.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Bottom Line<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Bottom Line is there are no winning and losers in Trade Wars, globally.\u00a0 In either case, the initiator and the bearers of the brunt of these Trade Wars are the disadvantaged sectors of the respective communities.\u00a0 In the United States, this would mainly be the African Americans to suffer the most with exponential rise in the basic cos of living.\u00a0 In developing countries, as well as war ravaged nations, the Trade Wars will delay recovery and rebuilding the country.\u00a0 This would be most severely experienced in Palestine, <em>in toto<\/em>, Sudan, Yemen, Ethiopia, Myanmar, Latin American countries, Bangladesh and Mozambique. It is to be noted that the Arab block, the imposition of Trade Wars or Trade Peace does NOT matter whatsoever.\u00a0 The Arab countries will by Trade Peace by a process of by Trade Peace by extravagant gifting to President Donal Trumps, for example Oatar\u2019s gift to Trump, recently of a $400 million recently when the President of United States visited the country.\u00a0 Similarly, huge contracts and privileges are given to Jarred Kushner for certain business rights in exchange for \u201cGeneralised Peace\u201d for without the support and protection of United States, the Arab Bloc will NOT last a few days as confirmed by President Trump.<a href=\"#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]<\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]<\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]<\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]<\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_296028\" style=\"width: 460px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/3-1.png\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-296028\" class=\"wp-image-296028\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/3-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/3-1.png 920w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/3-1-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/3-1-768x507.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-296028\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Global Trade war and public opinion. Photo Credit: Wikimedia commons<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> Author\u2019s personal quote May 2025<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=0cf80e4369b97d0f280afc3b2085e2606003beaee2a1c03f26fac568aa32b164JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=History.com++trade+wars+2025&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvMjAyNV9Vbml0ZWRfU3RhdGVzX3RyYWRlX3dhcl93aXRoX0NhbmFkYV9hbmRfTWV4aWNv&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=0cf80e4369b97d0f280afc3b2085e2606003beaee2a1c03f26fac568aa32b164JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=History.com++trade+wars+2025&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvMjAyNV9Vbml0ZWRfU3RhdGVzX3RyYWRlX3dhcl93aXRoX0NhbmFkYV9hbmRfTWV4aWNv&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2025_United_States_trade_war_with_Canada_and_Mexico\" >2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=2c696b54b07300bca20b8d0900d2f5525816b1b35a71e34182f38f702e85e054JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=tax+foundation+website&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly90YXhmb3VuZGF0aW9uLm9yZy8&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=2c696b54b07300bca20b8d0900d2f5525816b1b35a71e34182f38f702e85e054JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=tax+foundation+website&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly90YXhmb3VuZGF0aW9uLm9yZy8&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=0d6f68731a8b5f027a485fac788548dcab6bee8b7c75663070b4bb3e8f53e808JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;u=a1L25ld3Mvc2VhcmNoP3E9QXNzb2NpYXRlZCtQcmVzcytUcmFkZStXYXJzK1RydW1wJnFwdnQ9QXNzb2NpYXRlZCtQcmVzcytUcmFkZSt3YXJzK3RydW1wJkZPUk09RVdSRQ&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=0d6f68731a8b5f027a485fac788548dcab6bee8b7c75663070b4bb3e8f53e808JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;u=a1L25ld3Mvc2VhcmNoP3E9QXNzb2NpYXRlZCtQcmVzcytUcmFkZStXYXJzK1RydW1wJnFwdnQ9QXNzb2NpYXRlZCtQcmVzcytUcmFkZSt3YXJzK3RydW1wJkZPUk09RVdSRQ&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=01e23606882c9259a24a3810eba88cfd91c2d1d2dd0f9c17d6c1a180b59ce2c0JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=McDonald%e2%80%99s+trade+war+impact&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudm9yb25vaWFwcC5jb20vYnVzaW5lc3MvVHJhZGUtV2Fycy0tTWNEb25hbGRzLUV4cGFuc2lvbi1XaWxsLVVTLVRhcmlmZnMtU2xvdy1Eb3duLU5ldy1PcGVuaW5ncy00MzM1Izp-OnRleHQ9VGhlJTIwVS5TLiUyMGdvdmVybm1lbnQlMjdzJTIwMjUlMjUlMjB0YXJpZmZzJTIwb24lMjBrZXklMjBpbXBvcnRzLGFjcm9zcyUyMGJvcmRlcnMlRTIlODAlOTRiZXR3ZWVuJTIwdGhlJTIwVS5TLiUyQyUyMENhbmFkYSUyQyUyME1leGljbyUyQyUyMGFuZCUyMGJleW9uZC4&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=01e23606882c9259a24a3810eba88cfd91c2d1d2dd0f9c17d6c1a180b59ce2c0JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=McDonald%e2%80%99s+trade+war+impact&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudm9yb25vaWFwcC5jb20vYnVzaW5lc3MvVHJhZGUtV2Fycy0tTWNEb25hbGRzLUV4cGFuc2lvbi1XaWxsLVVTLVRhcmlmZnMtU2xvdy1Eb3duLU5ldy1PcGVuaW5ncy00MzM1Izp-OnRleHQ9VGhlJTIwVS5TLiUyMGdvdmVybm1lbnQlMjdzJTIwMjUlMjUlMjB0YXJpZmZzJTIwb24lMjBrZXklMjBpbXBvcnRzLGFjcm9zcyUyMGJvcmRlcnMlRTIlODAlOTRiZXR3ZWVuJTIwdGhlJTIwVS5TLiUyQyUyMENhbmFkYSUyQyUyME1leGljbyUyQyUyMGFuZCUyMGJleW9uZC4&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=5bfc4d0e5f500b0e00044b894439e28ce62c7da33c918c61fed1c4c4ad16d731JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=Harley-Davidson+trade+war&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubW9uZXljb250cm9sLmNvbS9uZXdzL2J1c2luZXNzL2hhcmxleS1kYXZpZHNvbi1zZWVrcy1yZXRhbGlhdGlvbi1pZi1ldXJvcGUtdW5pb24tdGFyZ2V0cy1pdHMtbW90b3JjeWNsZXMtMTI5ODAxNzcuaHRtbCM6fjp0ZXh0PVVTJTIwbW90b3JjeWNsZSUyMG1hbnVmYWN0dXJlciUyMEhhcmxleSUyMERhdmlkc29uJTIwaGFzJTIwY2FsbGVkJTIwZm9yLEV1cm9wZWFuJTIwVW5pb24lMjAlMjhFVSUyOSUyQyUyMHJlcG9ydHMlMjBUaGUlMjBXYWxsJTIwU3RyZWV0JTIwSm91cm5hbC4&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=5bfc4d0e5f500b0e00044b894439e28ce62c7da33c918c61fed1c4c4ad16d731JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=Harley-Davidson+trade+war&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubW9uZXljb250cm9sLmNvbS9uZXdzL2J1c2luZXNzL2hhcmxleS1kYXZpZHNvbi1zZWVrcy1yZXRhbGlhdGlvbi1pZi1ldXJvcGUtdW5pb24tdGFyZ2V0cy1pdHMtbW90b3JjeWNsZXMtMTI5ODAxNzcuaHRtbCM6fjp0ZXh0PVVTJTIwbW90b3JjeWNsZSUyMG1hbnVmYWN0dXJlciUyMEhhcmxleSUyMERhdmlkc29uJTIwaGFzJTIwY2FsbGVkJTIwZm9yLEV1cm9wZWFuJTIwVW5pb24lMjAlMjhFVSUyOSUyQyUyMHJlcG9ydHMlMjBUaGUlMjBXYWxsJTIwU3RyZWV0JTIwSm91cm5hbC4&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=c41dd4001ed920e4abef874fa1f0613d556a748fecaf53873e5ef7aed84e9e7dJmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=Tax+Foundation&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly90YXhmb3VuZGF0aW9uLm9yZy8&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=c41dd4001ed920e4abef874fa1f0613d556a748fecaf53873e5ef7aed84e9e7dJmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=Tax+Foundation&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly90YXhmb3VuZGF0aW9uLm9yZy8&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=82051cac0fe39d40e6ed96c9ff3ffc3f147a5521c8de5518cab4c4db4fe9f5c9JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=Newsweek+Trump+Trade+Wars+2025&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubXNuLmNvbS9lbi11cy9tb25leS9tYXJrZXRzL2RpZC1kb25hbGQtdHJ1bXAtbG9zZS1jaGluYS10cmFkZS13YXItMTAtZXhwZXJ0cy13ZWlnaC1pbi9hci1BQTFFR3J1ND9vY2lkPUJpbmdOZXdzU2VycA&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=82051cac0fe39d40e6ed96c9ff3ffc3f147a5521c8de5518cab4c4db4fe9f5c9JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=Newsweek+Trump+Trade+Wars+2025&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubXNuLmNvbS9lbi11cy9tb25leS9tYXJrZXRzL2RpZC1kb25hbGQtdHJ1bXAtbG9zZS1jaGluYS10cmFkZS13YXItMTAtZXhwZXJ0cy13ZWlnaC1pbi9hci1BQTFFR3J1ND9vY2lkPUJpbmdOZXdzU2VycA&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=487190f1e480f0af88d6a7bf2a8d16dfb1db0f69accd8f203e7c0734df5023cfJmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=Designed+in+the+U.S.+(Nvidia)&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9hcG5ld3MuY29tL2FydGljbGUvbnZpZGlhLWFpLWFydGlmaWNpYWwtaW50ZWxsaWdlbmNlLXRhcmlmZnMtZGNmNDgxMTJjZTk4YTdiNjFiZmQzMjE1NzM1OWNlMmY&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=487190f1e480f0af88d6a7bf2a8d16dfb1db0f69accd8f203e7c0734df5023cfJmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=Designed+in+the+U.S.+(Nvidia)&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9hcG5ld3MuY29tL2FydGljbGUvbnZpZGlhLWFpLWFydGlmaWNpYWwtaW50ZWxsaWdlbmNlLXRhcmlmZnMtZGNmNDgxMTJjZTk4YTdiNjFiZmQzMjE1NzM1OWNlMmY&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=0d28070d8ac7bdda0c18dd862d6ec4a351af4d2caedec976a4c85f1306875a4dJmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;u=a1L25ld3Mvc2VhcmNoP3E9VFNNQytBbmQrVHJ1bXArVHJhZGUrV2FycyZxcHZ0PVRTTUMrYW5kK3RydW1wK3RyYWRlK3dhcnMmRk9STT1FV1JF&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=0d28070d8ac7bdda0c18dd862d6ec4a351af4d2caedec976a4c85f1306875a4dJmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;u=a1L25ld3Mvc2VhcmNoP3E9VFNNQytBbmQrVHJ1bXArVHJhZGUrV2FycyZxcHZ0PVRTTUMrYW5kK3RydW1wK3RyYWRlK3dhcnMmRk9STT1FV1JF&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=81352f32de0fdc19bff17f450de8840e1518076099478a56825c915eeb3ec138JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=TSMC+and+trump+trade+wars&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubW9uZXljb250cm9sLmNvbS93b3JsZC90c21jLWhpdHMtYmFjay1hdC11cy13YXJucy10YXJpZmZzLWNvdWxkLWRlcmFpbC0xNjUtYmlsbGlvbi1hcml6b25hLWludmVzdG1lbnQtYXJ0aWNsZS0xMzA0NDM2MS5odG1s&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=81352f32de0fdc19bff17f450de8840e1518076099478a56825c915eeb3ec138JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=TSMC+and+trump+trade+wars&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubW9uZXljb250cm9sLmNvbS93b3JsZC90c21jLWhpdHMtYmFjay1hdC11cy13YXJucy10YXJpZmZzLWNvdWxkLWRlcmFpbC0xNjUtYmlsbGlvbi1hcml6b25hLWludmVzdG1lbnQtYXJ0aWNsZS0xMzA0NDM2MS5odG1s&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=10cf798abd7d2ad2e0a6d38008b3bd4073e2491321d552f985459c81c6c42facJmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=Act%3a+52.7billiontoboostdomesticchipmaking%2ccounteredbyChina%e2%80%99s52.7billiontoboostdomesticchipmaking%2ccounteredbyChina%e2%80%99s150+billion+subsidy+for+SMIC+&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9wZXJraW5zY29pZS5jb20vaW5zaWdodHMvdXBkYXRlL2NoaXBzLWFjdC1hbGxvY2F0ZXMtNTItYmlsbGlvbi1zdWJzaWRpZXMtcmV2aXRhbGl6ZS1zZW1pY29uZHVjdG9yLW1hbnVmYWN0dXJpbmc&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=10cf798abd7d2ad2e0a6d38008b3bd4073e2491321d552f985459c81c6c42facJmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=Act%3a+52.7billiontoboostdomesticchipmaking%2ccounteredbyChina%e2%80%99s52.7billiontoboostdomesticchipmaking%2ccounteredbyChina%e2%80%99s150+billion+subsidy+for+SMIC+&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9wZXJraW5zY29pZS5jb20vaW5zaWdodHMvdXBkYXRlL2NoaXBzLWFjdC1hbGxvY2F0ZXMtNTItYmlsbGlvbi1zdWJzaWRpZXMtcmV2aXRhbGl6ZS1zZW1pY29uZHVjdG9yLW1hbnVmYWN0dXJpbmc&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=5510616d2a783237dcbb1a17068051dd8998fda9426931b5afb2251376b25e46JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=CEPA+on+the+%22Chips+War%22+&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9jZXBhLm9yZy9jb21tZW50YXJ5L3BhcnQtZml2ZS1jaGlwcy13YXItMjAyNS8&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=5510616d2a783237dcbb1a17068051dd8998fda9426931b5afb2251376b25e46JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=CEPA+on+the+%22Chips+War%22+&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9jZXBhLm9yZy9jb21tZW50YXJ5L3BhcnQtZml2ZS1jaGlwcy13YXItMjAyNS8&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=adb7298cb774288dd6621892a88ecab09f9aa1d89dcbdab8a5b81168603736feJmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=Deloitte%e2%80%99s+2025+Semiconductor+Outlook+&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cyLmRlbG9pdHRlLmNvbS91cy9lbi9pbnNpZ2h0cy9pbmR1c3RyeS90ZWNobm9sb2d5L3RlY2hub2xvZ3ktbWVkaWEtdGVsZWNvbS1vdXRsb29rcy9zZW1pY29uZHVjdG9yLWluZHVzdHJ5LW91dGxvb2suaHRtbA&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=adb7298cb774288dd6621892a88ecab09f9aa1d89dcbdab8a5b81168603736feJmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=Deloitte%e2%80%99s+2025+Semiconductor+Outlook+&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cyLmRlbG9pdHRlLmNvbS91cy9lbi9pbnNpZ2h0cy9pbmR1c3RyeS90ZWNobm9sb2d5L3RlY2hub2xvZ3ktbWVkaWEtdGVsZWNvbS1vdXRsb29rcy9zZW1pY29uZHVjdG9yLWluZHVzdHJ5LW91dGxvb2suaHRtbA&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=c2c335ace54f46421bc8d34be4dfe214b5f8daa0658deadeb713a6b3d5eb5b74JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=without+the+support+and+protection+of+United+States%2c+the+Arab+Bloc+will+NOT+last+a+few+days+as+confirmed+by+President+Trump.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9oaXIuaGFydmFyZC5lZHUvZm9yZ2VkLWJ5LWZpcmUtdGhlLXNlY3VyaXRpemVkLXJlbGF0aW9uc2hpcC1iZXR3ZWVuLXRoZS11cy1hbmQtc2F1ZGktYXJhYmlhLw&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=c2c335ace54f46421bc8d34be4dfe214b5f8daa0658deadeb713a6b3d5eb5b74JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=without+the+support+and+protection+of+United+States%2c+the+Arab+Bloc+will+NOT+last+a+few+days+as+confirmed+by+President+Trump.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9oaXIuaGFydmFyZC5lZHUvZm9yZ2VkLWJ5LWZpcmUtdGhlLXNlY3VyaXRpemVkLXJlbGF0aW9uc2hpcC1iZXR3ZWVuLXRoZS11cy1hbmQtc2F1ZGktYXJhYmlhLw&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=90fc0c024acad44c7ed58831e316c18cc54d562538ea7b71d012325f955c1626JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=without+the+support+and+protection+of+United+States%2c+the+Arab+Bloc+will+NOT+last+a+few+days+as+confirmed+by+President+Trump.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY25uLmNvbS8yMDIzLzEwLzAyL21pZGRsZWVhc3QvZ3VsZi1hcmFiLXN0YXRlcy11cy1zZWN1cml0eS1wYWN0LW1pbWUtaW50bC8&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=90fc0c024acad44c7ed58831e316c18cc54d562538ea7b71d012325f955c1626JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=without+the+support+and+protection+of+United+States%2c+the+Arab+Bloc+will+NOT+last+a+few+days+as+confirmed+by+President+Trump.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY25uLmNvbS8yMDIzLzEwLzAyL21pZGRsZWVhc3QvZ3VsZi1hcmFiLXN0YXRlcy11cy1zZWN1cml0eS1wYWN0LW1pbWUtaW50bC8&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=d5e5cae4b8f06d9d1de83dbb5b9f614978126302fbf8faab40abda9bd226b316JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=without+the+support+and+protection+of+United+States%2c+the+Arab+Bloc+will+NOT+last+a+few+days+as+confirmed+by+President+Trump.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXRsYW50aWNjb3VuY2lsLm9yZy9ibG9ncy9tZW5hc291cmNlL29uZS1odW5kcmVkLWRheXMtb2YtdHJ1bXBzLW1pZGRsZS1lYXN0LXBvbGljeS1tb25leS1tZWRpYXRpb24tYW5kLW1pbGl0YXJ5LWZvcmNlLw&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=d5e5cae4b8f06d9d1de83dbb5b9f614978126302fbf8faab40abda9bd226b316JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=without+the+support+and+protection+of+United+States%2c+the+Arab+Bloc+will+NOT+last+a+few+days+as+confirmed+by+President+Trump.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXRsYW50aWNjb3VuY2lsLm9yZy9ibG9ncy9tZW5hc291cmNlL29uZS1odW5kcmVkLWRheXMtb2YtdHJ1bXBzLW1pZGRsZS1lYXN0LXBvbGljeS1tb25leS1tZWRpYXRpb24tYW5kLW1pbGl0YXJ5LWZvcmNlLw&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=6f9c6384d3af6b03fa6cbbee21277de9661903abdd86830adb6041d28d6f83ecJmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=without+the+support+and+protection+of+United+States%2c+the+Arab+Bloc+will+NOT+last+a+few+days+as+confirmed+by+President+Trump.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGJzLm9yZy9uZXdzaG91ci9wb2xpdGljcy9iaWRlbi1zYXlzLXUtcy13aWxsLW5vdC13YWxrLWF3YXktZnJvbS1taWRkbGUtZWFzdA&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=6f9c6384d3af6b03fa6cbbee21277de9661903abdd86830adb6041d28d6f83ecJmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=without+the+support+and+protection+of+United+States%2c+the+Arab+Bloc+will+NOT+last+a+few+days+as+confirmed+by+President+Trump.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGJzLm9yZy9uZXdzaG91ci9wb2xpdGljcy9iaWRlbi1zYXlzLXUtcy13aWxsLW5vdC13YWxrLWF3YXktZnJvbS1taWRkbGUtZWFzdA&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=141cc837a81346d581fb0c747a8323b0bcb3024507f314fd73bbd53d14aa16e3JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=without+the+support+and+protection+of+United+States%2c+the+Arab+Bloc+will+NOT+last+a+few+days+as+confirmed+by+President+Trump.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9mb3JlaWducG9saWN5LmNvbS8yMDI1LzA1LzIzL3RydW1wLW1pZGRsZS1lYXN0LXBvbGljeS1ndWxmLXN0YXRlcy8&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=141cc837a81346d581fb0c747a8323b0bcb3024507f314fd73bbd53d14aa16e3JmltdHM9MTc0ODA0NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=0c3c9d6e-714f-6e96-05f4-88d2706c6f48&amp;psq=without+the+support+and+protection+of+United+States%2c+the+Arab+Bloc+will+NOT+last+a+few+days+as+confirmed+by+President+Trump.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9mb3JlaWducG9saWN5LmNvbS8yMDI1LzA1LzIzL3RydW1wLW1pZGRsZS1lYXN0LXBvbGljeS1ndWxmLXN0YXRlcy8&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>______________________________________________<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Hoosen-Vawda-e1618716350456.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-183185\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Hoosen-Vawda-e1618716350456.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/a>Professor G. Hoosen M. Vawda (Bsc; MBChB; PhD.Wits) is a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace Development Environment<\/em><\/a><em>.<br \/>\n<strong>Director<\/strong>: Glastonbury Medical Research Centre; Community Health and Indigent Programme Services; Body Donor Foundation SA.<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Principal Investigator<\/em><\/strong><em>: Multinational Clinical Trials<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Consultant<\/em><\/strong><em>: Medical and General Research Ethics; Internal Medicine and Clinical Psychiatry:UKZN, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Executive Member<\/em><\/strong><em>: Inter Religious Council KZN SA<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Public Liaison<\/em><\/strong><em>: Medical Misadventures<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Activism<\/em><\/strong><em>: Justice for All<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Email<\/em><\/strong><em>: <\/em><a href=\"mailto:vawda@ukzn.ac.za\"><em>vawda@ukzn.ac.za<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a materialistic world, trade and economic viability thereof is of paramount importance.\u00a0 Hence, government will weaponize trade to achieve neo-financial colonization.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":296026,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[244,645,3465,339,249,70],"class_list":["post-296025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transcend-members","tag-china","tag-international-trade","tag-tariffs","tag-trade","tag-trump","tag-usa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=296025"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296025\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":296031,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296025\/revisions\/296031"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/296026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=296025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=296025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=296025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}