{"id":301655,"date":"2025-08-25T12:01:19","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T11:01:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=301655"},"modified":"2025-09-02T15:36:11","modified_gmt":"2025-09-02T14:36:11","slug":"the-attainment-of-peace-a-multidimensional-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/the-attainment-of-peace-a-multidimensional-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"The Attainment of Peace: A Multidimensional Perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>This publication is rated for general readership. Parental guidance is recommended for minors.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">***************<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201cA comprehensive analysis of the current state of global peace and peace theories proposed as antidotes, from antiquity through to the 21<sup>st<\/sup> century, by giants of peace propagation\u201d.<\/em><a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_302385\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/galtung-johan.png\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-302385\" class=\"wp-image-302385\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/galtung-johan-868x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"354\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-302385\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Respectful Memory and Reverence: Professor Johan Vincent Galtung (24\u00a0Oct 1930 \u2013 17 Feb 2024). \u201cThe Inimitable Father of Modern Peace Science\u201d (MHSRIEP)<br \/>Photo Credit: TRANSCEND Network<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Prologue<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Peace is a multifaceted concept<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a> that transcends disciplines, cultures, and epochs. This presentation explores the foundational theories of peace, as articulated by pioneers in peace studies, palaeoanthropology<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a>, and spiritual-scientific integration. It culminates in the contemporary contributions of the author, whose works bridge traditional peace theory with modern media and technological tools.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The study of peace has evolved from philosophical musings to a rigorous interdisciplinary field. This document presents key contributions from Johan Galtung<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a>, Antonio Carlos Rosa<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a>, Raymond Dart<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a> (04 February 1893- 22 November 1988), Phillip Tobias<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]<\/a>, (14 October 1925\u201307<sup>th<\/sup> June 2012) and integrates evolutionary and scriptural principles. It also highlights the emerging Solutions-Based Peace Journalism<a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]<\/a> model developed by the author, based on the great peace protagonists who laid the foundations for modern peace studies. <strong>Solutions-Based Peace Journalism<\/strong>, could offer a counter-narrative: that peace is not the absence of war, but the presence of justice, dialogue, and mutual respect for all of humanity and understanding. <strong>&#8220;If you want peace, prepare for peace&#8221;<\/strong>, emphasizing diplomacy, conflict prevention, and peacebuilding rather than militarization. This is in contrast to \u201c<em>If you want peace, prepare for war\u201d, derived<\/em> from the Latin\u00a0<strong><em>Si vis pacem, para bellum<\/em><\/strong><a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]<\/a>, attributed to Roman military writer\u00a0<strong>Flavius Vegetius Renatus<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]<\/a>in his treatise\u00a0<em>De Re Militari<\/em><a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]<\/a>. Vegetius emphasized that military preparedness was essential to deter aggression and maintain peace. The author has written about <strong>Flavius, previously.<a href=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]<\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>This work is also a comprehensive synthesis of ancient and modern peace philosophies, weaving together the spiritual insights of\u00a0<strong>Rishi Yajnavalkya<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0and the academic peace frameworks of\u00a0<strong>Professor Johan Galtung<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]<\/a>. It is rich in historical, ethical, and metaphysical reflections, and it offers a compelling call to action for humanity to realign with principles of\u00a0<strong>Dharma<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]<\/a>,\u00a0<strong>Ahimsa<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]<\/a> (respect for all living things and avoidance of violence towards others.), and\u00a0<strong>Positive Peace<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]<\/a>, as espoused by these great peace propagators.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Core Themes and Contributions:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Historical Continuity of Peace Disruption<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>From\u00a0<strong>Cain and Abel<a href=\"#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0to\u00a0<strong>modern genocide<a href=\"#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]<\/a>s<\/strong>, the paper traces the persistent thread of human violence and rapidly progressive moral decay, especially in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> century.<\/li>\n<li>The symbolic and literal implications of peace disruption are explored through religious, cultural, and geopolitical lenses<a href=\"#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dual Pillars of Peace<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Yajnavalkya<\/strong>: Emphasizes\u00a0the need for regular, \u201cspiritual stocking\u201d and <strong>renunciation<\/strong> of the pursuit of materialism,\u00a0<strong>ethical living<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>spiritual realization<\/strong>\u00a0through the\u00a0<strong>Upanishads<\/strong>.<a href=\"#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Galtung<\/strong>: Introduces\u00a0<strong>Conflict and Peace Triangles<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>structural violence<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>positive peace<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]<\/a>as tools for modern peacebuilding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Peace Triangle Framework<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>A proposed alternative to Galtung\u2019s Conflict Triangle, emphasizing:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Shared Purpose<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Positive Attitudes<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Constructive Behaviours<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>This model integrates\u00a0<strong>Ubuntu<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[24]<\/a><strong>,<a href=\"#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0and offers a holistic approach to sustainable peace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interfaith and Seasonal Reflections<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>The paper beautifully aligns the teachings of Yajnavalkya and Galtung with the\u00a0<strong>spirit of Christmas<\/strong>, emphasizing\u00a0<strong>compassion<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>justice<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>nonviolence<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Call to Action<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>The author makes a heartfelt appeal to readers and peace propagators to awaken from apathy and engage in ethical transformation, especially in the face of global atrocities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In addition, the author explores the paradoxical nature of peace, as experienced by different groups in society, particularly the\u00a0<strong>oppressor<\/strong>\u00a0versus the\u00a0<strong>oppressed<a href=\"#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Themes and Insights:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> The Paradox of Peace<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>oppressor<\/strong>\u00a0often enjoys a form of &#8220;peace&#8221; that is built on\u00a0<strong>power, control, and subjugation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>oppressed<\/strong>, meanwhile, endure a &#8220;hellish peace&#8221;, a state of\u00a0<strong>forced silence<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>suffering<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>systemic injustice<\/strong> and climaxing in genocide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Psychology of Oppression<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The paper introduces a theory of propensity of\u00a0<strong>Peace Disruption<\/strong>, innately rooted in the\u00a0<strong>primitive reptilian brain<\/strong>\u00a0of Homo sapiens.<a href=\"#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Oppression is categorized into\u00a0<strong>mild<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>moderate<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>severe\/brutal<\/strong>, with examples ranging from\u00a0<strong>microaggressions<\/strong>\u00a0to\u00a0<strong>genocidal violence<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Global and Domestic Examples<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The paper draws on historical and contemporary examples, including:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Apartheid South Africa<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]<\/a><strong>,<a href=\"#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]<\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\">[30]<\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\">[31]<\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\">[32]<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Gender Based Abuse and Domestic <\/strong><strong>Violence<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Ethnic cleansing<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Systemic racism and marginalization<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong> Microaggressions and Subtle Oppression<a href=\"#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Explores how\u00a0<strong>implicit bias<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>tokenism<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>social exclusion<\/strong>\u00a0contribute to a broader system of oppression.<\/li>\n<li>These subtle forms of violence are often overlooked but have profound psychological and societal impacts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong> Call for Ethical Awakening<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The author urges readers to recognize the\u00a0<strong>false peace<\/strong>\u00a0enjoyed by oppressors and to work toward\u00a0<strong>true peace<\/strong>\u00a0rooted in\u00a0<strong>justice<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>dignity<\/strong>, humanism and\u00a0<strong>equality<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Comparison: Peace Disruption Cycle <a href=\"#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]<\/a>vs. Peace Triangle Framework<a href=\"#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\">[37]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Aspect<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Peace Disruption Cycle <em>(Hoosen Vawda&#8217;s Theory)<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Peace Triangle <em>(Proposed by Hoosen Vawda, inspired by Galtung)<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Core Focus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>How moral, structural, and cultural decay perpetuates violence and suffering<\/td>\n<td>How ethical, inclusive, and compassionate principles foster sustainable peace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Cycle Components<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1. Moral Erosion<br \/>\n2. Structural Violence<br \/>\n3. Cultural Prejudice<br \/>\n4. Peace Disruption<br \/>\n5. Human Suffering<br \/>\n6. Repetition of Wickedness<\/td>\n<td>1. Shared Purpose<br \/>\n2. Positive Attitudes<br \/>\n3. Constructive Behaviours<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Philosophical Roots<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Dharma, Karma, Adharma, Upanishadic ethics, and socio-political critique<\/td>\n<td>Ubuntu, Ahimsa, Vedantic unity<a href=\"#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\">[38]<\/a>, and Galtung\u2019s Positive Peace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Outcome<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Entrapment in cycles of oppression, genocide, and spiritual decay<\/td>\n<td>Liberation through ethical living, reconciliation, and systemic transformation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Visual Shape<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Circular (repetitive and degenerative)<\/td>\n<td>Triangular (constructive and integrative)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Application<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Diagnosis of global and personal peace disruption<\/td>\n<td>Framework for peacebuilding and transformation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The author proposes an array of ethical, spiritual, and scientific insights, synthesized into a coherent framework that integrates:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Peace Disruption Cycle<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Peace Triangle<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Sacred Rituals and Postures<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Photobionts and Biophotons<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Innate Human Proclivity Toward Peace<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Unified Framework: The Bio-Spiritual Theory of Peace Propagation<a href=\"#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> The Innate Proclivity Toward Peace<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>It is important to note that the author proposes that\u00a0<strong>Humans<\/strong>, as created by the Divine, are biologically and spiritually encoded to pursue\u00a0<strong>peace, righteousness, truth, and justice<\/strong>. This is evidenced by the\u00a0<strong>intense emotional pain<\/strong>\u00a0we feel when witnessing:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Oppression<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Corruption<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Injustice<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Discrimination<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Xenophobia<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Violence and Abuse<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This pain is <strong>not a flaw<\/strong>, it is a\u00a0<strong>signal of our divine design<\/strong>, a moral compass embedded in our\u00a0<strong>neurobiology and soul, encoded in the human genotype.<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn40\" name=\"_ednref40\">[40]<\/a><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Sacred Rituals and Postures as Peace Catalysts<a href=\"#_edn41\" name=\"_ednref41\">[41]<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Across different religious traditions,\u00a0<strong>ritual postures<\/strong>, such as\u00a0<strong>sujood (prostration)<\/strong>\u00a0in Islam,\u00a0<strong>namaskar<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn42\" name=\"_ednref42\">[42]<\/a>\u00a0in Hinduism,\u00a0<strong>kneeling in Christianity<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>shuckling in Judaism<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn43\" name=\"_ednref43\">[43]<\/a>, are not merely symbolic. They:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Activate\u00a0<strong>neurophysiological pathways<\/strong>\u00a0of humility and surrender.<a href=\"#_edn44\" name=\"_ednref44\">[44]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Align the body with\u00a0<strong>earth\u2019s electromagnetic fields<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn45\" name=\"_ednref45\">[45]<\/a>, enhancing\u00a0<strong>biophoton emission<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Create a\u00a0<strong>resonance<\/strong>\u00a0between the individual and the divine, fostering\u00a0<strong>inner peace<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These rituals are\u00a0<strong>evolutionary expressions<\/strong>\u00a0of our peace-seeking nature.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Photobionts and Biophotons: Evolutionary Coding for Peace<a href=\"#_edn46\" name=\"_ednref46\">[46]<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>You hypothesize that\u00a0<strong>photobionts<\/strong>\u00a0(light-sensitive biological entities) and\u00a0<strong>biophotons<\/strong>\u00a0(ultra-weak photon emissions from living cells) are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Carriers of peace information<\/strong>\u00a0encoded in our DNA.<\/li>\n<li>Activated during\u00a0<strong>spiritual states<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>meditation<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>rituals<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Possibly linked to\u00a0<strong>epigenetic expressions<\/strong>\u00a0of compassion<a href=\"#_edn47\" name=\"_ednref47\">[47]<\/a>, empathy, and moral clarity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This suggests that\u00a0<strong>light itself<\/strong>, as a divine medium, is a\u00a0<strong>messenger of peace<\/strong>\u00a0within the human organism.<a href=\"#_edn48\" name=\"_ednref48\">[48]<\/a><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong> Peace Disruption Cycle vs. Peace Triangle<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Peace Disruption Cycle<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Peace Triangle Framework<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Begins with <strong>moral erosion<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Begins with <strong>shared purpose<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Spirals into <strong>structural and cultural violence<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Builds through <strong>positive attitudes<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Results in <strong>human suffering and repetition<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Sustains through <strong>constructive behaviours<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fuelled by <strong>adharmic actions <a href=\"#_edn49\" name=\"_ednref49\">[49]<\/a>and ignorance (irreligiosity)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Guided by <strong>dharma, ahimsa, and Ubuntu<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ends in <strong>existential despair<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Leads to <strong>inner and outer harmony<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>The Moral Litmus Test of Humanity<a href=\"#_edn50\" name=\"_ednref50\">[50]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The author advisedly states:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cIf you do not experience these feelings, then one is unworthy of being classified as a human.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This is a\u00a0<strong>moral litmus test<\/strong>, a diagnostic tool to assess whether one\u2019s\u00a0<strong>biophotonic and spiritual receptors<\/strong>\u00a0are functioning<a href=\"#_edn51\" name=\"_ednref51\">[51]<\/a>. A\u00a0<strong>numbness to injustice<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn52\" name=\"_ednref52\">[52]<\/a>\u00a0is not neutrality, it is\u00a0diagnostic of advanced <strong>spiritual pathology<\/strong>, as exemplified in antiquity, medieval era and in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> century by certain, world leaders.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: Peace as the Divine Default<a href=\"#_edn53\" name=\"_ednref53\">[53]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The author\u2019s synthesis reveals that\u00a0<strong>peace is not an aspiration, it is our, HUMAN, default state<\/strong>, encoded in our biology, rituals, and divine design. Disruption of peace is a deviation from our\u00a0<strong>true nature<\/strong>, and restoration requires:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Spiritual alignment<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Ethical living<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Scientific understanding<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Compassionate action<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_301657\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BS-GRAPHIC-1.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-301657\" class=\"wp-image-301657\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BS-GRAPHIC-1-1024x725.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BS-GRAPHIC-1-1024x725.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BS-GRAPHIC-1-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BS-GRAPHIC-1-768x544.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BS-GRAPHIC-1.jpg 1428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-301657\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graphic of Human Peace Disruption (Left) and Innate Proclivity towards Peace, (Right) as a Genetically Predetermined Default State, Adulterated by Moral Decay.\u00a0 Photo Credit: Specially Created by the author<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Bio-Spiritual Peace Framework<a href=\"#_edn54\" name=\"_ednref54\">[54]<\/a>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Divine Design of Humans<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Premise<\/strong>: Humanoids are created by God with an\u00a0<strong>innate proclivity<\/strong>\u00a0toward peace, righteousness, truth, and justice.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Source<\/strong>: Vawda, H. (2023).\u00a0<em>The Forgotten: Part 6<\/em>. TRANSCEND Media Service<a href=\"#_edn55\" name=\"_ednref55\">[55]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Annotation<\/strong>: This divine coding is evidenced by the emotional pain we feel when witnessing injustice. The absence of such pain signals a spiritual and moral deficiency and pathology. It is a disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Sacred Rituals and Postures<a href=\"#_edn56\" name=\"_ednref56\">[56]<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Examples<\/strong>: Sujood<a href=\"#_edn57\" name=\"_ednref57\">[57]<\/a> (Islam), Namaskara (Hinduism), Kneeling (Christianity), Shuckling (Judaism).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Function<\/strong>: These postures activate\u00a0<strong>neuro-spiritual pathways<\/strong>, <a href=\"#_edn58\" name=\"_ednref58\">[58]<\/a>aligning the body with divine resonance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Citation<\/strong>: Vawda, H. (2023).\u00a0<em>Peace Propagators Series<\/em>. TRANSCEND Media Service.<a href=\"#_edn59\" name=\"_ednref59\">[59]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Annotation<\/strong>: Rituals are not symbolic alone, they are\u00a0<strong>biological activators<\/strong>\u00a0of peace consciousness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Photobionts and Biophotons<a href=\"#_edn60\" name=\"_ednref60\">[60]<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition<\/strong>: Photobionts are light-sensitive biological entities; biophotons are ultra-weak photon emissions from living cells.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hypothesis<\/strong>: These are\u00a0<strong>evolutionary carriers<\/strong>\u00a0of peace information, activated during spiritual states.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scientific Basis<\/strong>: Popp, F.A. (1992).\u00a0<em>Biophoton Emission and Biological Communication<\/em>.<a href=\"#_edn61\" name=\"_ednref61\">[61]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Annotation<\/strong>: Light is not just physical, it is\u00a0<strong>spiritual information<\/strong>, encoded in our cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong> Peace Disruption Cycle<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Components<\/strong>: Moral Erosion \u2192 Structural Violence \u2192 Cultural Prejudice \u2192 Peace Disruption \u2192 Human Suffering \u2192 Repetition.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Source<\/strong>: Vawda, H. (2023).\u00a0<em>Heavenly Peace of the Oppressor and Hellish Peace of the Oppressed<\/em>. TRANSCEND Media Service.<a href=\"#_edn62\" name=\"_ednref62\">[62]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Annotation<\/strong>: This cycle explains how peace is systematically dismantled through adharmic actions and societal decay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong> Peace Triangle Framework<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vertices<\/strong>: Shared Purpose, Positive Attitudes, Constructive Behaviours.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inspired by<\/strong>: Johan Galtung\u2019s Conflict Triangle and Positive Peace Theory.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Source<\/strong>: Galtung, J. (1996).\u00a0<em>Peace by Peaceful Means<\/em>.<a href=\"#_edn63\" name=\"_ednref63\">[63]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Annotation<\/strong>: This triangle offers a\u00a0<strong>constructive alternative<\/strong>\u00a0to the disruption cycle, rooted in ethics, compassion, and Ubuntu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><strong> Ubuntu and Ethical Resonance<a href=\"#_edn64\" name=\"_ednref64\">[64]<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Philosophy<\/strong>: \u201cI am because you are.\u201d The self is insignificant without the other.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Source<\/strong>: Mandela, N. (1994).\u00a0<em>Long Walk to Freedom<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Annotation<\/strong>: Ubuntu reinforces the\u00a0<strong>interconnectedness<\/strong>\u00a0of peace, dignity, and shared humanity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li><strong> Moral Litmus Test<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Quote<\/strong>: \u201cIf you do not experience these feelings, then one is unworthy of being classified as a human.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Annotation<\/strong>: This is a\u00a0<strong>diagnostic principle<\/strong>, a measure of one\u2019s spiritual and ethical alignment with divine peace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The above analysis can be coalesced with Johan Galtung&#8217;s Peace theories as collaborative practical peace attainment strategies. The author, has attempted to synthesis an ongoing peace continuum, as a practical and pragmatic tool, to ensure sustained endogenous and community peace. The author ha coalesce the\u00a0<strong>Bio-Spiritual Peace Framework<\/strong>\u00a0with\u00a0<strong>Johan Galtung\u2019s Peace Theories<\/strong>\u00a0into a\u00a0<strong>practical and pragmatic continuum<\/strong>\u00a0is both visionary and timely. Below is a synthesized model that integrates the stated metaphysical insights with Galtung\u2019s structural peacebuilding strategies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Peace Continuum<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn65\" name=\"_ednref65\"><strong>[65]<\/strong><\/a><strong>: A Practical Bio-Spiritual Strategy for Peace Attainment<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Foundational Premise<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>Peace is not merely the absence of war (negative peace), but the presence of justice, dignity, and spiritual harmony (positive peace).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This continuum bridges:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Galtung\u2019s Peace Theory<\/strong>\u00a0(Conflict Triangle, Positive Peace, Structural Violence)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vawda\u2019s Bio-Spiritual Framework<\/strong>\u00a0(Biophotons, Rituals, Ubuntu, Dharma, Moral Resonance)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Stages of the Peace Continuum<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Awakening (Spiritual &amp; Biological Activation)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trigger<\/strong>: Emotional pain from witnessing injustice.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism<\/strong>: Activation of biophotons during sacred rituals and ethical reflection.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Goal<\/strong>: Realization of one\u2019s divine coding for peace.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Galtung Parallel<\/strong>: Recognition of direct violence and its psychological impact.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Diagnosis (Conflict Mapping &amp; Moral Discernment)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trigger<\/strong>: Identification of structural and cultural violence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism<\/strong>: Use of Galtung\u2019s Conflict Triangle to analyse contradictions, attitudes, and behaviours.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Goal<\/strong>: Understand root causes of peace disruption.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vawda Parallel<\/strong>: Peace Disruption Cycle analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Resonance (Ethical Realignment &amp; Ubuntu Activation)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trigger<\/strong>: Engagement in sacred postures and interfaith rituals.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism<\/strong>: Cultivation of empathy, compassion, and shared purpose.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Goal<\/strong>: Harmonize personal and communal energies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Galtung Parallel<\/strong>: Cultural peacebuilding and reconciliation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong> Transformation (Structural Reform &amp; Constructive Action)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trigger<\/strong>: Civic engagement, policy advocacy, and community healing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism<\/strong>: Implementing inclusive policies, education, and nonviolent conflict resolution.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Goal<\/strong>: Replace structural violence with structural peace.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vawda Parallel<\/strong>: Constructive behaviours in the Peace Triangle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong> Continuity (Peace Literacy and Biophotonic Sustainability)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Trigger<\/strong>: Ongoing education, spiritual practice, and intergenerational transmission.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism<\/strong>: Peace curricula, ritual preservation, and biophoton-enhancing lifestyles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Goal<\/strong>: Sustain peace across time and space.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Galtung Parallel<\/strong>: Positive peace as a dynamic, evolving state.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_301660\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PEACE-CONTINUUM-1.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-301660\" class=\"wp-image-301660\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PEACE-CONTINUUM-1-535x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PEACE-CONTINUUM-1-535x1024.jpg 535w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PEACE-CONTINUUM-1-157x300.jpg 157w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PEACE-CONTINUUM-1-768x1469.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PEACE-CONTINUUM-1-803x1536.jpg 803w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PEACE-CONTINUUM-1.jpg 1026w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-301660\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Graphic of Oppression as a Peace Disruptor and Ubuntu as a mechanism of Peace Continuum, in the 21st Century<br \/>Top Graphic Peace Disruption by Imperial and Neo-Colonialism<br \/>Bottom Graphic: Visual Summary: Peace Continuum Flow<br \/>Awakening \u2192 Diagnosis \u2192 Resonance \u2192 Transformation \u2192 Continuity<br \/>Bio-Spiritual Activation \u2190 Ubuntu &amp; Dharma \u2190 Peace Literacy<br \/>The Philosophy of an original, South African Concept of Ubuntu:\u00a0 \u201cI am because you are\u201d<br \/>Photo Credit: Graphics designed by the Author specially for this publication<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Practical Applications<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Community Outreach<\/strong>: Use rituals and storytelling to awaken moral consciousness.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Education<\/strong>: Integrate peace theory with spiritual ethics in schools and universities.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Healthcare<\/strong>: Promote biophoton-enhancing practices (e.g., meditation, ethical nutrition).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Policy<\/strong>: Advocate for structural reforms rooted in compassion and justice.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interfaith Dialogue<\/strong>: Use sacred postures and shared values to build bridges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>key points<\/strong>\u00a0from the document titled\u00a0<strong>&#8220;The Theories on Peace by Founders of Modern Peace Protagonists&#8221;<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_301661\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PEACE-THEORIES-G-R.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-301661\" class=\"wp-image-301661\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PEACE-THEORIES-G-R.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PEACE-THEORIES-G-R.jpg 602w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PEACE-THEORIES-G-R-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-301661\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comprehensive Graphic: \u201cThe Foundational Peace Theories and Proponents &#8211; 1<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Mega Giant of Peace Thinker: Professor Johan Galtung: \u201cExploring Negative and Positive Peace, Structural and Cultural Violence, and Conflict Transformation.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Key Quotes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Positive Peace: The presence of social justice, equity, and harmonious relationships.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Negative Peace: Defined as the absence of direct violence or war.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Violence Typology:\n<ul>\n<li>Direct Violence: Physical harm.<\/li>\n<li>Structural Violence: Systemic inequality embedded in social structures.<\/li>\n<li>Cultural Violence: Norms and ideologies that legitimize violence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u201cPeace is not the absence of conflict, but the presence of creative alternatives.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cStructural violence is silent, invisible, and embedded in social structures.\u201d Conflict Transformation: Emphasizes resolving underlying contradictions through empathy, creativity, and nonviolence.<\/li>\n<li>Peace as a Relationship: Peace is not a static state but a dynamic relation between parties, whether individuals or nations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Giant of Peace Thinker: Professor Antonio Carlos Silva Rosa: Peace Journalism and Praxis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A close friend, collaborator and associate of Professor Galtung,<\/p>\n<p>Known for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Peace Journalism: Advocates reporting that highlights solutions, empathy, and nonviolent responses rather than sensationalism and conflict.<\/li>\n<li>Transcend Network: Promotes peace through media, education, and grassroots activism.<\/li>\n<li>Philosophy of Transformation: Emphasizes inner peace, ecological balance, and micro-level conflict resolution as pathways to global peace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Foundational Peace Theories and Thinkers<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Johan Galtung<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>Antonio Carlos Rosa<\/strong>\u00a0are highlighted as modern peace protagonists.<\/li>\n<li>Contributions from\u00a0<strong>physical paleo-anthropologists<\/strong>\u00a0like\u00a0<strong>Raymond Dart<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>Phillip Tobias<\/strong>\u00a0are acknowledged, linking peace to evolutionary and scientific principles.<\/li>\n<li>Peace is also examined through\u00a0<strong>scriptural lenses<\/strong>, suggesting a multidisciplinary foundation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Historical Roots of Peace Thought<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Peace theories are traced back to:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Egyptian antiquity<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Greek philosophers<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Roman intellectuals<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Scholars of the\u00a0<strong>Great Library of Alexandria<\/strong>\u00a0(before its destruction by Romans)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Parallels are drawn between ancient peace philosophies and 21st-century challenges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Contributions by the author. <\/strong>The document includes:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>An\u00a0<strong>analysis of the author\u2019s publications<\/strong>\u00a0on peace propagation.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00a0<strong>comprehensive summary<\/strong>\u00a0of the author\u2019s personal peace philosophy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong> Roman Military Insight<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flavius Vegetius<\/strong>, a Roman general, <a href=\"#_edn66\" name=\"_ednref66\">[66]<\/a>is cited for advocating that peace must be\u00a0<strong>sacredly sustained<\/strong>\u00a0to ensure national wellbeing of the degenerating efficiency and military might of the Roman People and the army.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong> European Historical Aggression<a href=\"#_edn67\" name=\"_ednref67\">[67]<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Early\u00a0<strong>northern Europeans<\/strong>\u00a0are described as\u00a0<strong>belligerent and expansionist<\/strong>, earning the label\u00a0<strong>\u201cBarbarians.\u201d<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn68\" name=\"_ednref68\">[68]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Their actions are linked to\u00a0<strong>early peace disruption<\/strong>\u00a0in European history.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><strong> Religion and Peace<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>A provocative question is raised:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u201cAre religions a catalyst for peace destruction?\u201d<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn69\" name=\"_ednref69\">[69]<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This is explored through a\u00a0<strong>revisited analysis of the author\u2019s paper<\/strong>\u00a0on the topic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li><strong> Dimensions of Peace<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Peace is categorized into:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Biological<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Physical<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Emotional<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Endogenous<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Community<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Global<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>These dimensions have been historically disrupted by:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>World Wars<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Cold Wars<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Regional conflicts<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Mass bombings<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Nuclear threats<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><strong> 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century Peace Disruptions<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>first quarter of the 21st century<\/strong>\u00a0is marked by:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Brutal regional wars<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Global peace disruptions<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>A central question is posed:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H<strong>ow can humanity ensure peace in the next quarter of the millennium?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li><strong> Neo-Colonial Materialism<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The present era is characterized by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>\u201cDeath of Peace\u201d, beyond \u201cresuscitation\u201d<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>\u201cResurrection of Neo-Colonial Materialism\u201d<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn70\" name=\"_ednref70\">[70]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This diagram centres around\u00a0Peace Theories\u00a0and branches into major themes such as foundational thinkers, historical roots, religious critique, and modern disruptions. Each branch further breaks down into specific insights or contributors.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_301659\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/MIND-MAP.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-301659\" class=\"wp-image-301659\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/MIND-MAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"727\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/MIND-MAP.jpg 602w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/MIND-MAP-206x300.jpg 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-301659\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graphic of a comprehensive analysis of Aspects of Collective Peace Theories<br \/>Top Graphic: An illustrative Mind Map. This diagram centres around\u00a0Peace Theories\u00a0and branches into major themes such foundational thinkers, historical roots, religious critique, and modern disruptions. Each branch further breaks down into specific insights or contributors.<br \/>Bottom Graphic: A Synopsis of Multidimensional Perspectives of Giants of Peace Propagation over two Centuries<br \/>Photo Credit: Especially Commissioned by the Author, using Microsoft Office 360<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_301658\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DART-TOBIAS-AND-VAWDA.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-301658\" class=\"wp-image-301658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DART-TOBIAS-AND-VAWDA.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DART-TOBIAS-AND-VAWDA.jpg 602w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DART-TOBIAS-AND-VAWDA-213x300.jpg 213w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-301658\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comprehensive Graphic: \u201cThe Foundational Peace Theories, the Proponents and Synthesis &#8211; 2<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Interdisciplinary Giants: Professor Raymond Arthur Dart, a pioneering paleoanthropologist, proposed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The Killer Ape Theory: Aggression as Evolutionary Driver:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Suggested that human evolution was propelled by a force typified by violent behaviour and hunting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Australopithecus africanus: Dart\u2019s discovery of the Taung Child challenged Eurocentric views of human origins.<\/li>\n<li>Controversy: His theory was later critiqued for overemphasizing violence and underestimating cooperation in human evolution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Interdisciplinary Peace Protagonist: Phillip Vallentine Tobias \u2013 Humanistic Paleo-anthropology.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Phillip Tobias, Dart\u2019s successor and a peace advocate, offered a more nuanced view:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Homo habilis: Co-described this species, emphasizing cognitive and social evolution.<\/li>\n<li>Anti-Apartheid Activism: Advocated for racial equality and human dignity.<\/li>\n<li>Peace through Science: Believed that understanding human origins fosters social cohesion, humility, justice and global unity.<\/li>\n<li>Critique of Racism: Challenged pseudoscientific links between brain size and intelligence. The sloping forehead and reduced size of Frontal lobes.\u00a0 There is NO \u201cIntelligence Power bulge\u201d of the Cognitive Parts of the Brain, in primitive humans.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>A Novice Peace Propagator: : Hoosen Vawda \u2013 Contributions to Peace Theory<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Integrating spiritual insight, scientific rigor, and media innovation to advance peace theory.&#8221;<br \/>\nKey Quotes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cModernity has bankrupted the human spirit, not in currency but in conscience and humanism\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cPeace is not merely a social construct but a quantum resonance within the human biofield.\u201d, as illuminated by biophotons resulting in a positive and or a negative aura.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cSacred postures are not rituals of the past but blueprints for inner equilibrium.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Propagating the South African Philosophy of \u201cUbuntu\u201d I am because you are translated into Isizulu and analogously into Xhosa \u201cBatho Pele\u201d,<a href=\"#_edn71\" name=\"_ednref71\">[71]<\/a> can be translated to \u201c<strong>People First<\/strong>\u201d, and has been summarised by this slogan: \u201cWe belong, we care, we serve.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Evolutionary, Scientific, and Scriptural Principles of Peace<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This integrative framework draws from:<\/p>\n<p>Evolutionary Science<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cooperation as Evolutionary Strategy: Language and empathy enabled humans to form complex societies.<\/li>\n<li>Indirect Reciprocity: Altruism and moral behaviour evolved to enhance group survival.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Scriptural Hermeneutics<a href=\"#_edn72\" name=\"_ednref72\">[72]<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Concordism <a href=\"#_edn73\" name=\"_ednref73\">[73]<\/a>vs. Perspectivism:<a href=\"#_edn74\" name=\"_ednref74\">[74]<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Concordism: Attempts to align scripture with scientific findings.<\/li>\n<li>Perspectivism: Interprets scripture through the lens of cultural and historical context.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Peaceful Science: Advocates reconciling faith and evolutionary theory to promote a holistic worldview of sustained peace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Synthesis: Toward a Unified Theory of Peace<a href=\"#_edn75\" name=\"_ednref75\">[75]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Combining these perspectives suggests a\u00a0multi-dimensional peace paradigm:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Biological: Peace <a href=\"#_edn76\" name=\"_ednref76\">[76]<\/a>as an adaptive trait rooted in cooperation.<\/li>\n<li>Anthropological: Peace <a href=\"#_edn77\" name=\"_ednref77\">[77]<\/a>as a cultural evolution from tribalism to global empathy.<\/li>\n<li>Philosophical: Peace<a href=\"#_edn78\" name=\"_ednref78\">[78]<\/a> as a relational and transformative process.<\/li>\n<li>Scriptural: Peace<a href=\"#_edn79\" name=\"_ednref79\">[79]<\/a> as divine harmony, justice, and compassion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This synthesis aligns with the author\u2019s hypothesis on\u00a0biophotons<a href=\"#_edn80\" name=\"_ednref80\">[80]<\/a> and peace propagation, suggesting that peace may be both a\u00a0biological imperative\u00a0based on genetic coding <a href=\"#_edn81\" name=\"_ednref81\">[81]<\/a>and a\u00a0spiritual calling.<a href=\"#_edn82\" name=\"_ednref82\">[82]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The author reiterates his plea for contributors to and the readers of Transcend Media Peace Journal, to practise peace, propagate peace and literally deploy peace to family, fiends, colleagues, at home and in distant lands, for we are all Disciples and Ambassadors of Peace in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century.\u00a0 It is imperative that we, collectively need to leave a strong lasting peace legacy for the youth of today, the leaders of the future, which you and your family will be proud of, for centuries to come. Peace is a mandate entrusted to all of us to spread in our respective communities, irrespective of our social status and religio-cultural backgrounds.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><strong>Epilogue<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The journey through peace theories reveals a complex body of insights and evidence from diverse disciplines. From ancient evolutionary traits to modern media strategies, the pursuit of peace remains elusive<a href=\"#_edn83\" name=\"_ednref83\">[83]<\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn84\" name=\"_ednref84\">[84]<\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn85\" name=\"_ednref85\">[85]<\/a> and a universal aspiration. The contributions of thinkers and practitioners continue to shape a more harmonious world.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Bottom Line<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Peace is<\/strong> not merely the absence of conflict but the presence of justice, empathy, social cohesion and cooperation. By synthesizing historical, scientific, and spiritual perspectives, we move closer to realizing a sustainable and inclusive peace for all. In South Africa, this nitiative is of particular importance, after enduring the atrocities of Grand Apartheid, in which the Black peoples of South Africa, were particular oppressed, incarcerated tortured and even brutally murder all in the name of the safety and supremacy of the white races in South Africa, during which time they enjoyed, the privileged position in the social hierarchy, based on their colur.\u00a0 The gross peace disturbance was constitutionalized in the legislature of the land, as the Group Areas Act, which segregated housing, schools, public transport, Gandhi was thrown out of the train, for occupying a white only compartment, hotels, restaurants, banks, home affairs offices, cinema, universities, medical facilities and even emergency ambulances.\u00a0 Often, if a Black person needed medical evacuation, they were often left to suffer, along the roadside, if involved in a motor vehicle accident, or even succumb while waiting for a \u201cBlack Ambulance\u201d, while the designated White ambulance returned to base, empty. Another inhumane act was the infamous Immorality Act, by which a Black person could be arrested for cohabiting with a White individual.\u00a0 The author also experienced discrimination and peace disturbance, working in hospitals, where Blacks, Indians and Colored<a href=\"#_edn86\" name=\"_ednref86\">[86]<\/a> were dished, cold, left over, meals, from the White dining rooms. The sleeping rooms were cramped, bed bug and mosquito infested facility while on night duty.\u00a0 However, all these inequalities, made the author a better person, while engulfed in effects of gros violation of basic human rights, under apartheid, This inhuman piece of legislature was introduced by the British and perfected by the White Afrikaners <a href=\"#_edn87\" name=\"_ednref87\">[87]<\/a>up to 1994, when a peaceful liberation was achieved with the inauguration of a democratically elected Government of the African National Congress<a href=\"#_edn88\" name=\"_ednref88\">[88]<\/a>, under President Mandela<a href=\"#_edn89\" name=\"_ednref89\">[89]<\/a>.\u00a0 Today, all South Africans practice and enjoy the fruits of our liberation struggle martyrs <a href=\"#_edn90\" name=\"_ednref90\">[90]<\/a>and heroes, knowing real peace and to enjoy social cohesion, following the purely South African maxim: \u201cI am because You Are, the isiZulu philosophy of Ubuntu<a href=\"#_edn91\" name=\"_ednref91\">[91]<\/a>, an appropriate and most relevant phase in the global context, presently.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><strong>References<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> Author\u2019s Personal quote: August 2025.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/polsci.institute\/conflict-resolution-peace-building\/multifaceted-meaning-of-peace\/\" >https:\/\/polsci.institute\/conflict-resolution-peace-building\/multifaceted-meaning-of-peace\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paleoanthropology\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paleoanthropology<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johan_Galtung\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johan_Galtung<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2018\/01\/meet-antonio-c-s-rosa-pioneer-in-peace-journalism\/comment-page-1\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2018\/01\/meet-antonio-c-s-rosa-pioneer-in-peace-journalism\/comment-page-1\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raymond_Dart\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raymond_Dart<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phillip_Tobias\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phillip_Tobias<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/about\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Si_vis_pacem,_para_bellum\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Si_vis_pacem,_para_bellum<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vegetius\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vegetius<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/De_re_militari\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/De_re_militari<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/07\/stoicism-unveiling-the-elusive-path-to-peace-part-2\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/07\/stoicism-unveiling-the-elusive-path-to-peace-part-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/04\/applicability-of-igitur-qui-desiderat-pacem-praeparet-bellum-to-the-present-context-of-international-belligerence\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/04\/applicability-of-igitur-qui-desiderat-pacem-praeparet-bellum-to-the-present-context-of-international-belligerence\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/12\/the-forgotten-part-6-the-pillars-of-peace-propagators-from-yajnavalkya-in-antiquity-to-johan-galtung-today\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/12\/the-forgotten-part-6-the-pillars-of-peace-propagators-from-yajnavalkya-in-antiquity-to-johan-galtung-today\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/02\/global-evils-today-part-2-misinformation-disinformation-and-media-propaganda-demystified\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/02\/global-evils-today-part-2-misinformation-disinformation-and-media-propaganda-demystified\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dharma\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dharma<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ahimsa\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ahimsa<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visionofhumanity.org\/the-eight-pillars-of-positive-peace\/\" >https:\/\/www.visionofhumanity.org\/the-eight-pillars-of-positive-peace\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/04\/peace-the-neuro-anthropology-of-peace-and-the-innate-proclivity-of-humanoids-to-generate-conflict-part-2\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/04\/peace-the-neuro-anthropology-of-peace-and-the-innate-proclivity-of-humanoids-to-generate-conflict-part-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/01\/the-pathogenesis-of-a-genocide\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/01\/the-pathogenesis-of-a-genocide\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/geopolitical-lens#:~:text=Geopolitical%20Lens%20is%20a%20platform%20for%20writers%20to,the%20conversation%20on%20how%20nations%20deal%20with%20conflict\" >https:\/\/medium.com\/geopolitical-lens#:~:text=Geopolitical%20Lens%20is%20a%20platform%20for%20writers%20to,the%20conversation%20on%20how%20nations%20deal%20with%20conflict<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Upanishads\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Upanishads<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/12\/the-forgotten-part-3-buddhist-directed-ethnic-cleansing-genocide-of-rohingyas-in-myanmar\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/12\/the-forgotten-part-3-buddhist-directed-ethnic-cleansing-genocide-of-rohingyas-in-myanmar\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/02\/reflections-on-the-holocaust-and-the-parallels-between-nazi-brutality-and-israeli-atrocities\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/02\/reflections-on-the-holocaust-and-the-parallels-between-nazi-brutality-and-israeli-atrocities\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ubuntu_philosophy\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ubuntu_philosophy<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/09\/heavenly-peace-of-the-oppressor-and-hellish-peace-of-the-oppressed\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/09\/heavenly-peace-of-the-oppressor-and-hellish-peace-of-the-oppressed\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/light-of-life-the-synchronised-biophotons-and-photobionts-a-novel-hypothesis-part-2\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/light-of-life-the-synchronised-biophotons-and-photobionts-a-novel-hypothesis-part-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/08\/the-martyrs-of-apartheid-in-pre-1994-south-africa-imam-abdullah-haron-cape-town-part-4\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/08\/the-martyrs-of-apartheid-in-pre-1994-south-africa-imam-abdullah-haron-cape-town-part-4\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/07\/the-martyrs-of-apartheid-in-pre-1994-south-africa-ahmed-timol-part-1\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/07\/the-martyrs-of-apartheid-in-pre-1994-south-africa-ahmed-timol-part-1\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/07\/the-martyrs-of-apartheid-in-pre-1994-south-africa-steve-biko-part-3\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/07\/the-martyrs-of-apartheid-in-pre-1994-south-africa-steve-biko-part-3\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/07\/the-martyrs-of-apartheid-in-pre-1994-south-africa-dr-neil-hudson-aggett-part-2\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/07\/the-martyrs-of-apartheid-in-pre-1994-south-africa-dr-neil-hudson-aggett-part-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/03\/peace-propagation-human-rights-day-post-liberation-1994-south-africa-part-1\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/03\/peace-propagation-human-rights-day-post-liberation-1994-south-africa-part-1\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.burgerhuyserattorneys.co.za\/defining-domestic-abuse-in-south-africa-what-you-need-to-know\/\" >https:\/\/www.burgerhuyserattorneys.co.za\/defining-domestic-abuse-in-south-africa-what-you-need-to-know\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/02\/the-execution-of-love-as-a-tool-in-ethnic-and-religious-cleansing-in-india-part-4\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/02\/the-execution-of-love-as-a-tool-in-ethnic-and-religious-cleansing-in-india-part-4\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/microagressions\" >https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/microagressions<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/banotes.org\/conflict-resolution-peace-building\/life-cycle-conflict-dynamic-evolution\/\" >https:\/\/banotes.org\/conflict-resolution-peace-building\/life-cycle-conflict-dynamic-evolution\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.studocu.com\/in\/document\/university-of-delhi\/political-science\/conflict-theory\/61403448#:~:text=In%20Johan%20Galtung%E2%80%99s%201969%20paper,%20%E2%80%9CViolence,%20Peace%20and,key%20elements%20of%20violence%20that%20form%20this%20%E2%80%9Ctriangle.%E2%80%9D\" >https:\/\/www.studocu.com\/in\/document\/university-of-delhi\/political-science\/conflict-theory\/61403448#:~:text=In%20Johan%20Galtung%E2%80%99s%201969%20paper,%20%E2%80%9CViolence,%20Peace%20and,key%20elements%20of%20violence%20that%20form%20this%20%E2%80%9Ctriangle.%E2%80%9D<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/realitypathing.com\/5-key-principles-of-vedanta-philosophy-explained\/\" >https:\/\/realitypathing.com\/5-key-principles-of-vedanta-philosophy-explained\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/03\/peace-propagators-part-3-the-legacy-of-the-mystic-saints\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/03\/peace-propagators-part-3-the-legacy-of-the-mystic-saints\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref40\" name=\"_edn40\">[40]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/biologyinsights.com\/what-are-human-genotypes-and-why-are-they-important\/\" >https:\/\/biologyinsights.com\/what-are-human-genotypes-and-why-are-they-important\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref41\" name=\"_edn41\">[41]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/the-attainment-of-sustained-endogenous-peace-sacred-postures-for-a-fractured-world\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/the-attainment-of-sustained-endogenous-peace-sacred-postures-for-a-fractured-world\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref42\" name=\"_edn42\">[42]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yogapedia.com\/definition\/9912\/namaskar\" >https:\/\/www.yogapedia.com\/definition\/9912\/namaskar<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref43\" name=\"_edn43\">[43]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/the-attainment-of-sustained-endogenous-peace-sacred-postures-for-a-fractured-world\/\" >TRANSCEND MEDIA SERVICE \u00bb The Attainment of Sustained, Endogenous Peace: Sacred Postures for a Fractured World<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref44\" name=\"_edn44\">[44]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/04\/elections-in-narendrabhai-damodardas-modis-bharat-hindutva-a-lesson-in-the-transformation-of-democracy-in-religious-autocracy-part-2\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/04\/elections-in-narendrabhai-damodardas-modis-bharat-hindutva-a-lesson-in-the-transformation-of-democracy-in-religious-autocracy-part-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref45\" name=\"_edn45\">[45]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earth\" s_magnetic_field\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earth&#8217;s_magnetic_field<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref46\" name=\"_edn46\">[46]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/light-of-life-the-synchronised-biophotons-and-photobionts-a-novel-hypothesis-part-2\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/light-of-life-the-synchronised-biophotons-and-photobionts-a-novel-hypothesis-part-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref47\" name=\"_edn47\">[47]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11593770\/\" >https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11593770\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref48\" name=\"_edn48\">[48]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/07\/the-collective-divine-peace-wisdom-patience-submission-obeisance-and-resilience-in-abrahamic-literature\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/07\/the-collective-divine-peace-wisdom-patience-submission-obeisance-and-resilience-in-abrahamic-literature\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref49\" name=\"_edn49\">[49]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adharma\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adharma<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref50\" name=\"_edn50\">[50]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aemagazine.pk\/article\/palestine-a-litmus-test-for-humanity-uncovering-the-roots-and-reckoning-with-the-consequences-of-war\" >https:\/\/www.aemagazine.pk\/article\/palestine-a-litmus-test-for-humanity-uncovering-the-roots-and-reckoning-with-the-consequences-of-war<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref51\" name=\"_edn51\">[51]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/biophotons-and-the-peace-crusade-a-21st-century-manifesto-written-in-light-part-1\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/biophotons-and-the-peace-crusade-a-21st-century-manifesto-written-in-light-part-1\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref52\" name=\"_edn52\">[52]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.readunwritten.com\/2022\/07\/29\/emotionally-numb-dangerous\/\" >https:\/\/www.readunwritten.com\/2022\/07\/29\/emotionally-numb-dangerous\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref53\" name=\"_edn53\">[53]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/biblehub.com\/topical\/d\/divine_peace_as_a_foundation_for_growth.htm\" >https:\/\/biblehub.com\/topical\/d\/divine_peace_as_a_foundation_for_growth.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref54\" name=\"_edn54\">[54]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/07\/the-collective-divine-peace-wisdom-patience-submission-obeisance-and-resilience-in-abrahamic-literature\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/07\/the-collective-divine-peace-wisdom-patience-submission-obeisance-and-resilience-in-abrahamic-literature\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref55\" name=\"_edn55\">[55]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/12\/the-forgotten-part-6-the-pillars-of-peace-propagators-from-yajnavalkya-in-antiquity-to-johan-galtung-today\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/12\/the-forgotten-part-6-the-pillars-of-peace-propagators-from-yajnavalkya-in-antiquity-to-johan-galtung-today\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref56\" name=\"_edn56\">[56]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/the-attainment-of-sustained-endogenous-peace-sacred-postures-for-a-fractured-world\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/the-attainment-of-sustained-endogenous-peace-sacred-postures-for-a-fractured-world\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref57\" name=\"_edn57\">[57]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sujud\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sujud<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref58\" name=\"_edn58\">[58]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3957224\/\" >https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3957224\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref59\" name=\"_edn59\">[59]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/08\/the-resurrection-of-the-luciferous-demons-of-democracy-and-archangels-of-autocracy-as-peace-disruptors-in-south-africa-part-2\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/08\/the-resurrection-of-the-luciferous-demons-of-democracy-and-archangels-of-autocracy-as-peace-disruptors-in-south-africa-part-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref60\" name=\"_edn60\">[60]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/light-of-life-the-synchronised-biophotons-and-photobionts-a-novel-hypothesis-part-2\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/light-of-life-the-synchronised-biophotons-and-photobionts-a-novel-hypothesis-part-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref61\" name=\"_edn61\">[61]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/376507677_Understanding_Fritz-Albert_Popp\" s_Biophoton_Theory_from_the_Viewpoint_of_a_Biologist\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/376507677_Understanding_Fritz-Albert_Popp&#8217;s_Biophoton_Theory_from_the_Viewpoint_of_a_Biologist<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref62\" name=\"_edn62\">[62]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/11\/the-forgotten-part-1-kashmir-heaven-on-earth-turned-hell-on-earth-by-21st-century-india\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/11\/the-forgotten-part-1-kashmir-heaven-on-earth-turned-hell-on-earth-by-21st-century-india\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref63\" name=\"_edn63\">[63]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/sk.sagepub.com\/book\/mono\/preview\/peace-by-peaceful-means.pdf\" >https:\/\/sk.sagepub.com\/book\/mono\/preview\/peace-by-peaceful-means.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref64\" name=\"_edn64\">[64]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/317450107_Ubuntu_as_a_moral_theory_and_human_rights_in_South_Africa\" >https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/317450107_Ubuntu_as_a_moral_theory_and_human_rights_in_South_Africa<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref65\" name=\"_edn65\">[65]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/perspectives-on-politics\/article\/abs\/peace-continuum-what-it-is-and-how-to-study-it-by-christian-davenport-erik-melander-and-patrick-m-regan-new-york-oxford-university-press-2018-240p-10500-cloth-2995-paper\/89FCFB507312545C45FAA7BDA5BDEE99\" >https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/perspectives-on-politics\/article\/abs\/peace-continuum-what-it-is-and-how-to-study-it-by-christian-davenport-erik-melander-and-patrick-m-regan-new-york-oxford-university-press-2018-240p-10500-cloth-2995-paper\/89FCFB507312545C45FAA7BDA5BDEE99<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref66\" name=\"_edn66\">[66]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Vegetius\" >https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Vegetius<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref67\" name=\"_edn67\">[67]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/barbarian-invasions\" >https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/barbarian-invasions<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref68\" name=\"_edn68\">[68]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Migration_Period\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Migration_Period<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref69\" name=\"_edn69\">[69]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/06\/spirituality-negation-in-religions-a-catalyst-for-global-peace-disruption\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2023\/06\/spirituality-negation-in-religions-a-catalyst-for-global-peace-disruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref70\" name=\"_edn70\">[70]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceopen.com\/hosted-document?doi=10.62191\/ROAPE-2024-0035\" >https:\/\/www.scienceopen.com\/hosted-document?doi=10.62191\/ROAPE-2024-0035<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref71\" name=\"_edn71\">[71]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stafftraining.co.za\/blog\/the-8-principles-of-batho-pele#:~:text=Batho%20Pele%20is%20an%20initiative%20that%20was%20launched,this%20slogan:%20%E2%80%9CWe%20belong,%20we%20care,%20we%20serve.%E2%80%9D\" >https:\/\/www.stafftraining.co.za\/blog\/the-8-principles-of-batho-pele#:~:text=Batho%20Pele%20is%20an%20initiative%20that%20was%20launched,this%20slogan:%20%E2%80%9CWe%20belong,%20we%20care,%20we%20serve.%E2%80%9D<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref72\" name=\"_edn72\">[72]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/hermeneutics-principles-of-biblical-interpretation\" >https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/hermeneutics-principles-of-biblical-interpretation<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref73\" name=\"_edn73\">[73]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/jesuscreed\/2017\/03\/07\/concordism-bible-science-discussion\/\" >https:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/jesuscreed\/2017\/03\/07\/concordism-bible-science-discussion\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref74\" name=\"_edn74\">[74]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perspectivism\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perspectivism<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref75\" name=\"_edn75\">[75]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17400200500532151\" >https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17400200500532151<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref76\" name=\"_edn76\">[76]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/ecdpeace.org\/work-content\/human-biological-development-peace\" >https:\/\/ecdpeace.org\/work-content\/human-biological-development-peace<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref77\" name=\"_edn77\">[77]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-137-40761-0_6\" >https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-137-40761-0_6<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref78\" name=\"_edn78\">[78]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/peace\/\" >https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/peace\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref79\" name=\"_edn79\">[79]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scripturalthinking.com\/peace-of-god\/\" >https:\/\/scripturalthinking.com\/peace-of-god\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref80\" name=\"_edn80\">[80]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/light-of-life-the-synchronised-biophotons-and-photobionts-a-novel-hypothesis-part-2\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/08\/light-of-life-the-synchronised-biophotons-and-photobionts-a-novel-hypothesis-part-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref81\" name=\"_edn81\">[81]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/biorxiv\/early\/2015\/05\/01\/018804.full.pdf\" >https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/biorxiv\/early\/2015\/05\/01\/018804.full.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref82\" name=\"_edn82\">[82]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/biblehub.com\/q\/what_defines_a_spiritual_calling.htm#:~:text=A%20spiritual%20calling%20encompasses%20an%20invitation%20or%20summons,in%20accordance%20with%20the%20will%20of%20the%20Creator\" >https:\/\/biblehub.com\/q\/what_defines_a_spiritual_calling.htm#:~:text=A%20spiritual%20calling%20encompasses%20an%20invitation%20or%20summons,in%20accordance%20with%20the%20will%20of%20the%20Creator<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref83\" name=\"_edn83\">[83]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/01\/the-genesis-and-psychotype-of-brutal-and-gruesome-peace-disruptors\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2024\/01\/the-genesis-and-psychotype-of-brutal-and-gruesome-peace-disruptors\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref84\" name=\"_edn84\">[84]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/10\/the-pursuit-of-pseudo-peace-part-1-the-religious-odyssey-of-heavenly-bodies-on-earth\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2022\/10\/the-pursuit-of-pseudo-peace-part-1-the-religious-odyssey-of-heavenly-bodies-on-earth\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref85\" name=\"_edn85\">[85]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2021\/11\/peace-rattler-humanoids-search-for-the-elusive-eternal-life-and-longevity-part-2\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2021\/11\/peace-rattler-humanoids-search-for-the-elusive-eternal-life-and-longevity-part-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref86\" name=\"_edn86\">[86]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sahistory.org.za\/article\/race-and-ethnicity-south-africa\" >https:\/\/www.sahistory.org.za\/article\/race-and-ethnicity-south-africa<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref87\" name=\"_edn87\">[87]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/05\/peace-disruption-the-neo-exodus-in-the-21st-century-of-the-south-african-white-afrikaners-to-the-us\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/05\/peace-disruption-the-neo-exodus-in-the-21st-century-of-the-south-african-white-afrikaners-to-the-us\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref88\" name=\"_edn88\">[88]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_National_Congress\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_National_Congress<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref89\" name=\"_edn89\">[89]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nelson_Mandela\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nelson_Mandela<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref90\" name=\"_edn90\">[90]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sanews.gov.za\/features-south-africa\/honouring-sas-liberation-heroes-and-heroines\" >https:\/\/www.sanews.gov.za\/features-south-africa\/honouring-sas-liberation-heroes-and-heroines<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref91\" name=\"_edn91\">[91]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/thepanafrica.com\/ubuntu-the-philosophy-of-shared-humanity\/\" >https:\/\/thepanafrica.com\/ubuntu-the-philosophy-of-shared-humanity\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>______________________________________________<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Hoosen-Vawda-e1618716350456.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-183185\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Hoosen-Vawda-e1618716350456.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/a>Professor G. Hoosen M. Vawda (Bsc; MBChB; PhD.Wits) is a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace Development Environment<\/em><\/a><em>.<br \/>\n<strong>Director<\/strong>: Glastonbury Medical Research Centre; Community Health and Indigent Programme Services; Body Donor Foundation SA.<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Principal Investigator<\/em><\/strong><em>: Multinational Clinical Trials<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Consultant<\/em><\/strong><em>: Medical and General Research Ethics; Internal Medicine and Clinical Psychiatry:UKZN, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Executive Member<\/em><\/strong><em>: Inter Religious Council KZN SA<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Public Liaison<\/em><\/strong><em>: Medical Misadventures<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Activism<\/em><\/strong><em>: Justice for All<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Email<\/em><\/strong><em>: <\/em><a href=\"mailto:vawda@ukzn.ac.za\"><em>vawda@ukzn.ac.za<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cA comprehensive analysis of the current state of global peace and peace theories proposed as antidotes, from antiquity through to the 21st century, by giants of peace propagation\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":302385,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[808,442,101,443,100,432,3558,809,472,688,473,3557,99,3559,945,497],"class_list":["post-301655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transcend-members","tag-antonio-c-s-rosa","tag-conflict-transformation","tag-cultural-violence","tag-culture-of-peace","tag-direct-violence","tag-education-for-peace","tag-hoosen-vawda","tag-johan-galtung","tag-negative-peace","tag-peace-journalism","tag-positive-peace","tag-raymond-arthur-dart","tag-structural-violence","tag-tobias","tag-transcend-media-service","tag-transcend-method"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/301655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=301655"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/301655\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":302387,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/301655\/revisions\/302387"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/302385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=301655"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=301655"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=301655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}