{"id":314404,"date":"2026-03-30T11:59:19","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T10:59:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=314404"},"modified":"2026-04-22T20:42:50","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T19:42:50","slug":"applied-peace-ubuntu-humanism-usage-of-indigenous-mother-tongue-language-and-the-practice-of-peace-in-plural-societies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2026\/03\/applied-peace-ubuntu-humanism-usage-of-indigenous-mother-tongue-language-and-the-practice-of-peace-in-plural-societies\/","title":{"rendered":"Applied Peace: Ubuntu Humanism, Usage of Indigenous, Mother Tongue Language and the Practice of Peace in Plural Societies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Part 3 of the Trilogy of Trinity<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>This publication is suitable for general readership. Parental guidance is recommended for minors who may use this research paper, as a resource material, for projects.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201cSouth Africa is a country comprised of the \u201cRainbow Nation\u201d, as described by the Emeritus, Late, Bishop Desmond Tutu.\u00a0 The importance of preservation and daily usage of Indigenous languages is the key to Sustainable Peace in post democratic era of Madibaism.\u201d<\/em><a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\"><strong><em>[1]<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cThe preservation and usage of the mother tongue, is the single most important pillar of Peace in multicultural societies, globally\u201d.\u201d<\/em><a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\"><strong><em>[2]<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_314409\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SPERL-2-SAVING-LANGUAGES-211-03-2026.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-314409\" class=\"wp-image-314409\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SPERL-2-SAVING-LANGUAGES-211-03-2026-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SPERL-2-SAVING-LANGUAGES-211-03-2026-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SPERL-2-SAVING-LANGUAGES-211-03-2026-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SPERL-2-SAVING-LANGUAGES-211-03-2026-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SPERL-2-SAVING-LANGUAGES-211-03-2026.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-314409\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Importance of Preserving Rare Languages depicted by the Four Foundational \u00a0Pillars<br \/>Original Graphic Conceptualised by Mrs V. Vawda, March 2026<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Prologue <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This paper operationalises\u00a0<strong>Ubuntu humanism<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a>, expressed linguistically in the Nguni <a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a> insight\u00a0<strong><em>umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a> (\u201ca person is a person through other persons\u201d), to design\u00a0<strong>applied peace architectures<\/strong>\u00a0for diverse societies. Building on Parts 1 <a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a> and 2 <a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]<\/a>, the author shows how\u00a0<strong>language choice<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>rights<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>mother\u2011tongue vitality<\/strong>\u00a0are not peripheral to peace but\u00a0<strong>constitutive<\/strong>\u00a0of recognition, dignity, and identity. We integrate\u00a0<strong>Mandela\u2019s language ethos <\/strong><a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0with\u00a0<strong>sociolinguistic and neurocognitive evidence<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]<\/a>: native\u2011language contexts yield deeper\u00a0<strong>emotional resonance<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>trust formation<\/strong>\u00a0than foreign\u2011language contexts, impacting moral judgement and reconciliation outcomes. The paper culminates in an implementable\u00a0<strong>SPERL programme<\/strong>\u00a0(Saving, Protecting, Empowering, Reviving Languages) aligned to\u00a0<strong>UNESCO\u2019s International Decade of Indigenous Languages (2022\u20132032)<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]<\/a> and to constitutional duties on multilingual equity, translating ethical commitments into\u00a0<strong>policies, budgets, and measurable indicators<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2) Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ubuntu philosophy centres relational personhood:\u00a0<strong>we become fully human through one another<\/strong>. This is not abstraction; it is\u00a0<strong>linguistically enacted<\/strong>\u00a0in greetings, proverbs, and the everyday ethics of speech. The idiom\u00a0<strong><em>umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0frames language as\u00a0<strong>world\u2011making action<\/strong>, not mere information transfer. In South Africa, Ubuntu gained renewed public force through the democratic transition and truth\u2011seeking, complementing a\u00a0<strong>constitutional order<\/strong>\u00a0that recognises 11 official languages and imposes duties to\u00a0<strong>advance indigenous languages<\/strong>\u00a0in state services.<\/p>\n<p>This, Part 3 therefore asks:\u00a0<strong>How do we practice peace, daily, institutionally, and intergenerationally, so that language becomes the medium of recognition, dignity, and identity?<\/strong>\u00a0We answer by coupling\u00a0<strong>Ubuntu ethics<\/strong>\u00a0with\u00a0<strong>sociolinguistic and neurocognitive validation<\/strong>\u00a0and with a\u00a0<strong>rights\u2011to\u2011results<\/strong>\u00a0pathway.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(3) Applied Peace &#8211; Ubuntu Humanism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3.1 Ethical Premise: Relational Personhood \u2192 Relational Speech<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ubuntu frames personhood as\u00a0<strong>fundamentally relational<\/strong>; speech is the primary vehicle through which we\u00a0<strong>affirm or deny<\/strong>the other\u2019s humanity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Operational implication:<\/strong>design peace processes, services, and schools where people can\u00a0<strong>speak and be served in their languages<\/strong>; otherwise recognition and trust are compromised.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3.2 The Institutional Bridge: Constitutional Multilingualism<a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Section 6 and the\u00a0<strong>Official Use of Languages Act (2012)<\/strong>mandate equitable language use and departmental language units, an actionable bridge from\u00a0<strong>ethical Ubuntu<\/strong>\u00a0to\u00a0<strong>deliverable services<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Scholarship on language rights cautions that\u00a0<strong>implementation lags<\/strong>without positive measures and monitoring, hence the need for\u00a0<strong>scorecards and budgets<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3.3 The Peace Design: Where Ubuntu Meets Policy<a href=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Justice and Reconciliation:<\/strong>testimony <a href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]<\/a>, apology, and restorative agreements are\u00a0<strong>more authentic and accurate<\/strong>\u00a0when conducted in L1; interpreters should augment, not replace, L1 proceedings. (Please refer to Part 2 evidence below.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Education:<\/strong>mother\u2011tongue\u2011based multilingual education (MTB\u2011MLE) for early grades; Ubuntu pedagogy (proverbs, community elders, oral narratives) as routine curricular assets aligned to national policy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Health and Social Services:<\/strong>child\u2011facing services (clinics, child protection) must\u00a0<strong>default to local languages<\/strong>\u00a0to avoid rights\u2011limiting misunderstandings; this is both Ubuntu\u2011consistent and rights\u2011compliant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>(4) Philosophical and Sociolinguistic Exploration<a href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.1 Language as the Praxis of Recognition<a href=\"#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To address a person in their language is to say\u00a0<strong>\u201cI see you\u201d<\/strong>. Ubuntu moves this from nicety to\u00a0<strong>moral requirement<\/strong>; sociolinguistics adds that\u00a0<strong>worldviews are encoded in languages<\/strong>, so loss of a language is loss of a\u00a0<strong>mode of recognition<\/strong>\u00a0itself.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_314405\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/BELHAR-2.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-314405\" class=\"wp-image-314405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/BELHAR-2-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/BELHAR-2-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/BELHAR-2-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/BELHAR-2-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/BELHAR-2.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-314405\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bimodal Neurocognitive and Sociolinguistic States Under Belligerism and Harmonism, Demonstrating How Mother\u2011Tongue (L1) Processing Promotes Peaceful Harmonisation While Foreign\u2011Language (L2+) Processing Is More Strongly Associated with Reactive Belligerent Modes. Original Graphic Conceptualised by Mrs V. Vawda, March 2026<\/p><\/div>\n<p>This conceptual image contrasts two neuro\u2011sociolinguistic states, <strong>Belligerism<\/strong> and <strong>Harmonism<\/strong>, as expressions of underlying brain\u2011system dynamics influenced by language context.<br \/>\nOn the <strong>left<\/strong>, <em>Belligerism<\/em> is illustrated through <strong>desynchronised neuroharmonic waves<\/strong>, representing heightened activity within the <strong>limbic\u2013reptilian complex<\/strong>, including structures such as the <strong>amygdala<\/strong>, <strong>periaqueductal grey<\/strong>, <strong>basal ganglia<\/strong>, and <strong>hypothalamus<\/strong>. These regions mediate rapid threat detection, impulsive reactivity, and defensive aggression, functions that correspond to heightened emotional arousal. Research in bilingual affective neuroscience demonstrates that individuals exhibit <strong>greater autonomic activation<\/strong>, including increased skin\u2011conductance responses, when processing emotionally salient content in their <strong>non\u2011native or foreign language (L2+)<\/strong>, reflecting more effortful cognitive processing, reduced emotional grounding, and increased psychological distance. This decoupling contributes to <strong>desynchronised neuroharmonic patterns<\/strong>, a marker of reduced integrative coherence and increased susceptibility to conflict\u2011oriented behaviour. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saflii.org\/za\/legis\/num_act\/uoola2012213.pdf\" >[saflii.org]<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.za\/sites\/default\/files\/gcis_document\/201703\/40733gen244.pdf\" >[gov.za]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>On the <strong>right<\/strong>, <em>Harmonism<\/em> is represented by <strong>synchronised neuroharmonic waves<\/strong>, corresponding to activation within the <strong>higher cortical network<\/strong>, especially the <strong>prefrontal cortex<\/strong>, <strong>anterior cingulate cortex<\/strong>, <strong>temporoparietal junction<\/strong>, and <strong>medial prefrontal regions<\/strong> implicated in empathy, prosocial reasoning, inhibitory control, and moral judgement. Scientific evidence shows that processing emotionally rich material in one\u2019s <strong>mother tongue (L1)<\/strong> elicits stronger emotional resonance, deeper autobiographical access, and more integrated cognitive\u2011affective responses than in L2. This heightened resonance is accompanied by greater <strong>cortical synchronisation<\/strong>, enabling reflective judgement, self\u2011regulation, and empathic recognition, core neural substrates of non\u2011violence and peace\u2011oriented behaviour. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/canadian-heritage\/campaigns\/celebrate-indigenous-languages\/international-decade.html\" >[canada.ca]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>From a sociolinguistic and peace\u2011studies perspective, the contrast illustrates how <strong>L1 communication fosters interpersonal trust, cultural grounding, and relational dignity<\/strong>, aligning with Ubuntu\u2019s axiom <em>umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu<\/em> (\u201ca person is a person through other persons\u201d). In contrast, L2\u2011dominant interactions, particularly when imposed or associated with historical trauma, may attenuate affective connection and contribute to misunderstanding or relational distance, thereby increasing susceptibility to belligerent modes of engagement. This bimodal representation visually synthesises the growing literature demonstrating that <strong>language choice is not merely communicative but neuro\u2011ethical<\/strong>, shaping patterns of emotional regulation, cognitive integration, and ultimately <strong>the likelihood of peaceful versus conflictual behaviour<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.2 Dignity, Identity, and the Linguistic Self<a href=\"#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[16]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dignity requires\u00a0<strong>authentic self\u2011expression<\/strong>; identity is\u00a0<strong>audible<\/strong>\u00a0in the metaphors and memories of a language. Global frameworks warn that many languages are\u00a0<strong>threatened<\/strong>, hence dignity and identity are at stake, with UNESCO\u2019s Decade providing both\u00a0<strong>impetus and tools<\/strong>\u00a0(e.g., the World Atlas of Languages).<\/p>\n<p><strong>(5) Mandela\u2019s Language Ethos, Practice as Peace Technology<a href=\"#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[17]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mandela leveraged language as\u00a0<strong>moral persuasion<\/strong>\u00a0and psychological bridge\u2011building, famously choosing the interlocutor\u2019s language to reach the\u00a0<strong>heart<\/strong>, not only the\u00a0<strong>head<\/strong>. While oft\u2011quoted lines are sometimes paraphrased, their\u00a0<strong>spirit and context<\/strong>, speaking Afrikaans to Afrikaners, African languages to Black South Africans, are\u00a0<strong>historically grounded<\/strong>\u00a0and aligned with Ubuntu\u2019s dignity ethic.<\/p>\n<p>Mandela also insisted that\u00a0<strong>children are the rock on which our future will be built<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[18]<\/a>, making education and child\u2011centred language access a national priority, again converting ethos into\u00a0<strong>policy direction<\/strong>. Address by President Nelson Mandela at the dedication of Qunu and &#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>(6) Philosophical Power in Practice: Recognition, Dignity, Identity<a href=\"#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[19]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>These three pillars\u00a0<strong>instantiate peace<\/strong>\u00a0when embedded in institutions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Recognition<\/strong>\u2192\u00a0<strong>Language choice<\/strong>\u00a0in frontline services and dialogue tables.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dignity<\/strong>\u2192\u00a0<strong>Parity of esteem<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>non\u2011discrimination<\/strong>\u00a0in official communications.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Identity<\/strong>\u2192\u00a0<strong>Heritage language<\/strong>\u00a0schooling, media, and ceremonies that normalise and honour local speech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>(7) Cognitive Validation, \u00a0Why Language Choice Matters<a href=\"#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[20]<\/a> (L1 vs. L2+)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Physiological evidence:<\/strong>Bilingual studies show\u00a0<strong>greater skin\u2011conductance reactivity<\/strong>\u00a0to taboo words and childhood reprimands in L1 than L2, objective markers of deeper affect.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Decision science:<\/strong>The\u00a0<strong>Foreign\u2011Language Effect<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[21]<\/a>demonstrates that reasoning in a foreign language\u00a0<strong>reduces framing biases<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>loss aversion<\/strong>\u00a0but also\u00a0<strong>dampens emotional immediacy<\/strong>; meta\u2011analysis confirms robustness across moral and risk domains.\u00a0<strong>Implication:<\/strong>\u00a0for trust\u2011building and confession, L1 is\u00a0<strong>ethically and practically superior<\/strong>; for certain analytic tasks, L2 can be strategically useful.goodreads+1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>(8) Ubuntu as Linguistic Ethic<a href=\"#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[22]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ubuntu\u2019s maxim, <strong><em>umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu<\/em><\/strong>, makes language an\u00a0<strong>ethical act<\/strong>: to speak in ways that maintain\u00a0<strong>harmony, interdependence, and communal identity<\/strong>.<a href=\"#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[23]<\/a> Linguistic studies trace\u00a0<strong>Ubuntu\/hunhu\/botho<\/strong>\u00a0across Bantu languages, showing deep historical roots and shared moral grammar.\u00a0<strong>Operational Ubuntu<\/strong>\u00a0means\u00a0<strong>designing speech environments<\/strong>\u00a0where relational dignity is\u00a0<strong>structurally supported<\/strong>\u00a0(rights, interpreters, schooling, media), not left to chance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(9) Epilogue<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cTo preserve a language is to preserve the conscience of a community.\u201d<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\"><em><strong>[24]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em>Applied Ubuntu turns conscience into curriculum, service, and law, so that hearts can meet without translation.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(10) Call to Action , \u00a0Preventing Extinction with SPERL<a href=\"#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[25]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Saving:<\/strong>Community\u2011owned documentation (kid\u2011corpora, oral histories) deposited in national repositories and linked to UNESCO\u2019s\u00a0<strong>World Atlas of Languages<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Protecting:<\/strong>Enforce the\u00a0<strong>Official Use of Languages Act<\/strong>\u00a0in child\u2011facing services; publish a\u00a0<strong>Language Equity Scorecard<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Empowering:<\/strong>Scale MTB\u2011MLE; fund L1 teacher upskilling; parents as co\u2011educators with dual\u2011language readers. (Aligns with Ubuntu pedagogy.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reviving:<\/strong>Commission L1 digital media for youth; seed proverb\/slam festivals; incentivise local radio in indigenous languages; align to\u00a0<strong>IDIL 2022\u20132032<\/strong>\u00a0action areas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Languages (governance):<\/strong>Budget\u2011tag multilingual delivery; inter\u2011departmental Language Units; quarterly compliance audits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>(11) Take\u2011Home Message<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Language is not an accessory to peace; it is peace\u2019s operating system<a href=\"#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[26]<\/a>.<\/strong><br \/>\nWhen we\u00a0<strong>recognise<\/strong>\u00a0persons in their languages, we\u00a0<strong>dignify<\/strong>\u00a0their humanity and\u00a0<strong>anchor<\/strong>\u00a0their identities, producing trust, moral salience, and civic cohesion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(12) Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Part 3 completes your Trilogy\u2019s arc by converting\u00a0<strong>Ubuntu philosophy<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>sociolinguistic evidence<\/strong>\u00a0into\u00a0<strong>institutional practice<\/strong>.<a href=\"#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[27]<\/a> It pairs\u00a0<strong>ethical intent<\/strong>\u00a0with\u00a0<strong>constitutional capacity<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>global frameworks<\/strong>, embedding\u00a0<strong>language<\/strong>\u00a0at the centre of peace architecture. With SPERL as the execution engine, states and communities can\u00a0<strong>bend the vitality curve upward<\/strong>\u00a0for endangered languages while improving\u00a0<strong>justice, education, and social healing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(13) The Bottom Line (National and Global Relevance)<a href=\"#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[28]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Multilingual equity<\/strong>is a\u00a0<strong>human\u2011rights deliverable<\/strong>\u00a0and a\u00a0<strong>peace dividend<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ubuntu\u2019s relational ethic<\/strong>, locally rooted, globally intelligible, offers a\u00a0<strong>portable template<\/strong>for plural democracies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UNESCO\u2019s Decade<\/strong>provides\u00a0<strong>timing, tools, and legitimacy<\/strong>\u00a0to act decisively before more languages fall silent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_314407\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IDIL-SPERL-2.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-314407\" class=\"wp-image-314407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IDIL-SPERL-2-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IDIL-SPERL-2-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IDIL-SPERL-2-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IDIL-SPERL-2-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IDIL-SPERL-2.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-314407\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alignment matrix illustrating the convergence between UNESCO\u2019s International Decade of Indigenous Languages (IDIL 2022\u20132032) action areas and the SPERL framework (Saving, Protecting, Empowering, Reviving Languages), presented within a unified implementation architecture. Original Graphic Conceptualised by Mrs V. Vawda, March 2026<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>The UNESCO IDIL and SPERL Framework<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This alignment map situates SPERL\u2019s operational pillars within the core thematic domains defined by the <strong>UNESCO Global Action Plan for IDIL 2022\u20132032<\/strong>, namely <strong>Documentation<\/strong>, <strong>Digital Inclusion<\/strong>, <strong>Education<\/strong>, and <strong>Governance<\/strong>. These international action areas emphasise the urgent need for (1) safeguarding linguistic heritage through systematic documentation and community\u2011owned archiving; (2) advancing digital empowerment, access, and technological inclusion for indigenous and threatened languages; (3) strengthening mother\u2011tongue\u2013based and multilingual education systems; and (4) embedding language rights and revitalisation within national governance mechanisms, monitoring processes, and multi\u2011stakeholder coordination frameworks.<\/p>\n<p>Within this matrix, <strong>SPERL<\/strong> provides a structured, state\u2011aligned model for operationalising IDIL.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Saving<\/strong> aligns with IDIL\u2019s documentation mandate through community archives, oral\u2011heritage capture, and national\u2013global data integration.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Protecting<\/strong> corresponds to digital and policy inclusion, ensuring linguistic rights within public services, justice systems, and digital ecosystems.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Empowering<\/strong> is situated within the educational domain, emphasising teacher preparation, mother\u2011tongue literacy, child\u2011centred pedagogy, and intergenerational transmission.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reviving<\/strong> aligns with cultural and governance objectives, promoting indigenous\u2011language media, festivals, youth content creation, and structural revitalisation efforts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>By linking SPERL\u2019s domestic implementation pathways with IDIL\u2019s global action areas, the figure demonstrates how national linguistic revitalisation, through constitutional obligations, policy instruments, and community partnerships, can be coherently integrated with international frameworks. This alignment ensures that national programmes are not only locally grounded but also globally benchmarked, ethically coherent, and strategically positioned to prevent further endangerment of linguistic diversity while advancing social cohesion, cultural dignity, and sustainable peace.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ministerial Policy Brief<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Applied Peace: Ubuntu Humanism and Linguistic Equity for National Cohesion<a href=\"#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[29]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A SPERL\u2011Driven Implementation Framework (2026\u20132032)<a href=\"#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\">[30]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Executive Summary<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>South Africa\u2019s constitutional democracy recognises <strong>11 official languages<\/strong> and requires the State to take \u201cpractical and positive measures\u201d to elevate and advance indigenous languages and ensure <strong>parity of esteem<\/strong> among them. Simultaneously, UNESCO\u2019s <strong>International Decade of Indigenous Languages (2022\u20132032)<\/strong> calls for urgent global action to prevent language extinction through documentation, revitalisation, and policy integration across sectors. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saflii.org\/za\/legis\/num_act\/uoola2012213.pdf\" >[saflii.org]<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/decades\/indigenous-languages\" >[unesco.org]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>This brief presents a <strong>5\u2011pillar SPERL implementation roadmap<\/strong>, <strong>Saving, Protecting, Empowering, Reviving Languages<\/strong>, and a cross\u2011cutting governance pillar, anchored in <strong>Ubuntu humanism<\/strong> and supported by <strong>neurocognitive evidence<\/strong> showing that native\u2011language contexts foster deeper emotional resonance, trust, and social cohesion.<\/p>\n<p>It outlines <strong>operational steps<\/strong>, <strong>timelines<\/strong>, and <strong>measurable indicators<\/strong> for national departments, provincial governments, and public entities, aligned with the <strong>Use of Official Languages Act (Act 12 of 2012)<\/strong> <a href=\"#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\">[31]<\/a>and the <strong>UNESCO Global Action Plan<\/strong>.<a href=\"#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\">[32]<\/a><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Purpose of the Brief<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Translate Ubuntu principles and constitutional mandates into <strong>deliverable, budgeted language equity programmes<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Enable reporting and compliance under the <strong>Use of Official Languages Act<\/strong> (Language Units, monitoring duties, annual reports). <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.za\/documents\/use-official-languages-act\" >[gov.za]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Position South Africa as an African leader in the <strong>UN International Decade of Indigenous Languages 2022\u20132032<\/strong> through measurable institutional action. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/idil2022-2032.org\/\" >[idil2022-2032.org]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Policy Principles<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>3.1 Ubuntu as Public\u2011Service Ethic<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ubuntu\u2019s relational maxim <strong><em>umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu<\/em><\/strong> frames language as an ethical responsibility, recognising dignity, identity, and personhood through language choice.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.2 Constitutional and Legislative Imperative<a href=\"#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[33]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Section 6<\/strong>: Advance indigenous languages; ensure equitable use; protect diminished languages.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use of Official Languages Act (2012)<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Each national department <strong>must adopt a language policy<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li><strong>Establish a Language Unit<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li><strong>Monitor and report<\/strong> annually on official\u2011language use,<\/li>\n<li>Coordinate with the <strong>National Language Unit<\/strong>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.za\/documents\/use-official-languages-act\" >[gov.za]<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.saflii.org\/za\/legis\/num_act\/uoola2012213.pdf\" >[saflii.org]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3.3 Global Alignment<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IDIL 2022\u20132032 identifies language loss as a severe risk and calls for <strong>documentation, digital inclusion, and national action plans<\/strong>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[34]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/decades\/indigenous-languages\" >[unesco.org]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong> Operational Framework: SPERL Pillars<a href=\"#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[35]<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Below are the required actions, timelines, and indicators.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong> Operational Steps, Timelines, and Metrics<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Pillar 1 , \u00a0Saving<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Community\u2011Owned Documentation and Knowledge Preservation<\/em><a href=\"#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[36]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational Steps<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Establish <strong>District Language Documentation Hubs<\/strong> in partnership with universities and local communities.<\/li>\n<li>Record children\u2019s oral heritage (stories, songs, proverbs) in partnership with schools and elders.<\/li>\n<li>Upload validated material to national archives and integrate with the <strong>UNESCO World Atlas of Languages<\/strong> digital repository. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/decades\/indigenous-languages\" >[unesco.org]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Timeline<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Q3 2026<\/strong>: 11 pilot hubs, one per official language group.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2027\u20132030<\/strong>: Scale to all districts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Metrics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Number of hours of L1 recordings archived.<\/li>\n<li>Number of communities participating.<\/li>\n<li>Number of languages with updated vitality profiles in the <strong>World Atlas<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pillar 2 , \u00a0Protecting<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Language Rights in Public Services<\/em><a href=\"#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\">[37]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational Steps<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ensure <strong>each department<\/strong> complies with the <strong>Use of Official Languages Act<\/strong> by:\n<ul>\n<li>Publishing updated <strong>Language Policies<\/strong> (minimum 3 languages for communication).<\/li>\n<li>Establishing <strong>Language Units<\/strong> with annual reporting duties. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.za\/documents\/use-official-languages-act\" >[gov.za]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Require all <strong>child\u2011facing services<\/strong> (clinics, social development, SAPS child units) to default to <strong>local languages<\/strong> for intake, forms, and signage.<\/li>\n<li>Implement a national <strong>Language Equity Scorecard<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Timeline<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Q1 2027<\/strong>: All national departments compliant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Q2 2027<\/strong>: Scorecard published with Cabinet reporting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Metrics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>% of departments with fully operational Language Units (target: 100%).<\/li>\n<li>% of public\u2011service points offering services in \u22653 official languages.<\/li>\n<li>Complaints resolved within 30 days.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pillar 3 , \u00a0Empowering<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Education, Skills, and Cognitive\u2011Based Inclusion<\/em><a href=\"#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\">[38]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational Steps<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Expand <strong>Mother\u2011Tongue Based Multilingual Education (MTB\u2011MLE)<\/strong> for Grades R\u20133.<\/li>\n<li>Train educators in L1 reading science, translation techniques, and Ubuntu pedagogy.<\/li>\n<li>Provide dual\u2011language learning materials aligned with UNESCO\u2019s emphasis on <strong>education and digital empowerment<\/strong> for indigenous languages. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/decades\/indigenous-languages\" >[unesco.org]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Timeline<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>2026\u20132028<\/strong>: Teacher upskilling rollout across provinces.<\/li>\n<li><strong>By 2030<\/strong>: 80% of primary schools using MTB\u2011MLE.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Metrics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improvement in Grade 3 L1 literacy scores.<\/li>\n<li>Number of teachers certified in L1 pedagogy.<\/li>\n<li>% of learners receiving dual\u2011language materials.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pillar 4 , \u00a0Reviving<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Media, Culture, Festivals, and Digital Futures<\/em><a href=\"#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[39]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational Steps<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Fund <strong>local\u2011language radio<\/strong>, youth podcasts, folklore festivals, and proverb\u2011slam competitions.<\/li>\n<li>Develop indigenous\u2011language <strong>children\u2019s media<\/strong> and digital learning apps.<\/li>\n<li>Incentivise private broadcasters to meet local\u2011language content quotas.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Timeline<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>2026\u20132027<\/strong>: Content funding pipeline established.<\/li>\n<li><strong>By 2032<\/strong>: All official languages represented across digital\u2011media ecosystems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Metrics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hours of local\u2011language media annually broadcast.<\/li>\n<li>Youth participation rates in festivals and school competitions.<\/li>\n<li>Digital app downloads and usage data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pillar 5 ,\u00a0 Languages (Cross\u2011Cutting Governance)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Coordination, Monitoring, Budgeting, and Reporting<\/em><a href=\"#_edn40\" name=\"_ednref40\"><sup>[40]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational Steps<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Create a <strong>National Coordinating Secretariat for IDIL 2022\u20132032<\/strong>, aligning national action with UNESCO\u2019s <strong>Global Action Plan<\/strong> in monitoring and evaluation, multi\u2011stakeholder governance, and resource mobilisation. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.iyil2019.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Global-action_EN.pdf\" >[en.iyil2019.org]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Introduce <strong>Language Budget\u2011Tagging<\/strong> in departmental Estimates of National Expenditure.<\/li>\n<li>Produce an <strong>Annual State of South Africa\u2019s Languages Report<\/strong> to Parliament.<\/li>\n<li>Embed language indicators into national population surveys.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Timeline<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Q4 2026<\/strong>: Secretariat established.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2027\u20132032<\/strong>: Annual reports tabled.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Metrics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Budget allocation trends for language programmes.<\/li>\n<li>Number of departments meeting reporting requirements.<\/li>\n<li>Annual improvements in linguistic access indicators.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_314406\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/COMBO-BUDGET-COMP.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-314406\" class=\"wp-image-314406\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/COMBO-BUDGET-COMP-712x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/COMBO-BUDGET-COMP-712x1024.jpeg 712w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/COMBO-BUDGET-COMP-208x300.jpeg 208w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/COMBO-BUDGET-COMP-768x1105.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/COMBO-BUDGET-COMP-1067x1536.jpeg 1067w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/COMBO-BUDGET-COMP-1423x2048.jpeg 1423w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/COMBO-BUDGET-COMP.jpeg 1451w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-314406\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Budget Wheel and Implementation Framework<br \/>Governance, Compliance and Budgetary Architecture for Implementing South Africa\u2019s Multilingualism Mandate Under the Use of Official Languages Act (Act 12 of 2012), aligned with SPERL and the UNESCO International Decade of Indigenous Languages (IDIL 2022\u20132032).<br \/>Top Graphic: depicts the institutional governance and compliance framework established by the Use of Official Languages Act, 2012, which obliges every national department, public entity, and public enterprise to:<br \/>Adopt an official Language Policy specifying the minimum number of official languages to be used for government communication;<br \/>Establish an internal Language Unit responsible for monitoring departmental language use, ensuring equitable access, advising on implementation and preparing annual compliance reports;<br \/>Coordinate with the National Language Unit, which provides national oversight, facilitates inter\u2011departmental alignment, and ensures that reporting is submitted to Parliament as required under the Act.<br \/>This governance flow positions multilingualism not as a symbolic commitment but as a regulated public\u2011service obligation, supported by monitoring cycles, reporting duties, and legislative provisions for exemptions.<br \/>Bottom Graphic: presents the Budget Wheel for 2026\u20132032, illustrating the proposed financial architecture that operationalises the SPERL framework , \u00a0Saving, Protecting, Empowering, Reviving Languages, with a cross\u2011cutting governance allocation. The distribution reflects the priorities emphasised by both the Act and the UNESCO Global Action Plan for the International Decade of Indigenous Languages (2022\u20132032), which identifies documentation, education, digital inclusion, and governance as essential domains requiring sustained investment. Funding for Saving supports community\u2011based documentation hubs and national digital heritage repositories; Protecting covers language rights enforcement, public\u2011service translation, and accessibility; Empowering finances mother\u2011tongue\u2011based education, teacher development, and curriculum reform; Reviving funds indigenous\u2011language media, cultural festivals, and youth digital content; and Governance ensures monitoring, evaluation, and inter\u2011departmental coherence.<br \/>Together, the two graphics demonstrate how governance compliance mechanisms and sustained budgetary commitment are jointly necessary to convert constitutional multilingualism, Ubuntu humanism, and IDIL global priorities into a functioning national language system , \u00a0one capable of safeguarding linguistic diversity, enabling equitable service delivery, and strengthening South Africa\u2019s long\u2011term peace, identity, and cultural resilience.<\/p><\/div>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><strong> Risk Analysis and Mitigation<a href=\"#_edn41\" name=\"_ednref41\">[41]<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Risk<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Mitigation Strategy<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Non\u2011compliance with Act 12 of 2012<\/td>\n<td>Treasury incentives + reporting penalties; DG performance indicators.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Capacity shortages in Language Units<\/td>\n<td>National training academy + partnerships with universities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Low community participation<\/td>\n<td>Community co\u2011ownership; elders as \u201cheritage partners\u201d; youth media incentives.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Digital divide<\/td>\n<td>Offline\u2011compatible apps; community Wi\u2011Fi hubs; radio as universal fallback.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li><strong> Budgeting Framework (2026\u20132032)<a href=\"#_edn42\" name=\"_ednref42\">[42]<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Aligned with UNESCO\u2019s call for <strong>sustained resourcing for revitalisation efforts<\/strong>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/social.desa.un.org\/issues\/indigenous-peoples\/international-decade-of-indigenous-languages-2022-2032\" >[social.desa.un.org]<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R150 million annually<\/strong>: Documentation hubs and archives<\/li>\n<li><strong>R220 million annually<\/strong>: MTB\u2011MLE teacher training<\/li>\n<li><strong>R80 million annually<\/strong>: Indigenous\u2011language digital media<\/li>\n<li><strong>R30 million annually<\/strong>: Monitoring and evaluation, Secretariat<\/li>\n<li><strong>R50 million annually<\/strong>: Provincial implementation grants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><strong> Governance<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lead Department:<\/strong> Arts, Culture and Language Services<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co\u2011Lead:<\/strong> Basic Education, Higher Education, Social Development, Health<\/li>\n<li><strong>National Language Unit:<\/strong> Oversight, coordination, monitoring, and reporting under Act 12 of 2012.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UNESCO\/IDIL Alignment:<\/strong> Work through Global Task Force and national partners to ensure synergy with international commitments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li><strong> Conclusion<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>This SPERL\u2011aligned policy brief provides a <strong>nationally actionable roadmap<\/strong> to fulfil constitutional obligations, meet UNESCO targets, and embody Ubuntu as a <strong>practical peace architecture<\/strong>. Implementing these steps will strengthen recognition, dignity, and identity across communities while safeguarding the country\u2019s linguistic heritage.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li><strong> Take\u2011Home Message<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Language equity is not a cultural luxury, it is a peace, development, and identity imperative.\u00a0 The appreciation of this message is the basis for intercultural peace and harmony. <strong>Conceptual pathway illustrating how mother\u2011tongue (L1) harmonisation enables Ubuntu relational ethics, activates SPERL (Saving, Protecting, Empowering, Reviving Languages), and culminates in a coherent Peace Architecture.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This 3D conceptual diagram visualises a sequential peace\u2011generation model grounded in sociolinguistics, neurocognition, and African humanist philosophy. At the foundation lies <strong>L1 Harmonism<\/strong>, representing communication in an individual\u2019s mother tongue , \u00a0the linguistic mode consistently shown to evoke <strong>greater emotional resonance, autobiographical memory access, and integrative cognitive\u2011affective processing<\/strong> than later\u2011acquired languages.<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_edn43\" name=\"_ednref43\">[43]<\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn44\" name=\"_ednref44\">[44]<\/a> Studies in psycholinguistics and affective neuroscience demonstrate that native\u2011language contexts activate <strong>higher cortical integrative systems<\/strong>, such as the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, which support reflective reasoning, empathy, and prosocial judgement, thereby promoting intra\u2011 and interpersonal coherence. Conversely, foreign\u2011language contexts (L2+) often induce cognitive distance and attenuated affect, a phenomenon documented in bilingual decision\u2011making research. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saflii.org\/za\/legis\/num_act\/uoola2012213.pdf\" >[saflii.org]<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.za\/sites\/default\/files\/gcis_document\/201703\/40733gen244.pdf\" >[gov.za]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The central tier depicts <strong>Ubuntu<\/strong>, articulated in the Nguni philosophical maxim <strong><em>umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu<\/em><\/strong> (\u201ca person is a person through other persons\u201d). Ubuntu conceptualises personhood as inherently relational, foregrounding interconnectedness, dignity, mutual recognition, and collective flourishing.<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_edn45\" name=\"_ednref45\">[45]<\/a> Linguistically, Ubuntu is enacted through <strong>relational speech<\/strong>, where language itself becomes a mechanism of ethical recognition: to address another in their L1 affirms their humanity and cultural identity. This aligns with global frameworks emphasising that language is essential for human dignity, participation, and social cohesion. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mandela.gov.za\/mandela_speeches\/1995\/950603_qunu.htm\" >[Address by&#8230;nu and &#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>From Ubuntu emerges <strong>SPERL<\/strong>, a structured action framework comprising <strong>Saving, Protecting, Empowering, and Reviving Languages<\/strong>, anchored in national legislative duties such as the <strong>Use of Official Languages Act (2012)<\/strong>, which mandates language policies, Language Units, and annual monitoring across departments.<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_edn46\" name=\"_ednref46\">[46]<\/a> SPERL also aligns with UNESCO\u2019s <strong>International Decade of Indigenous Languages (IDIL 2022\u20132032)<\/strong> and its Global Action Plan, which calls for documentation, digital inclusion, education, and multi\u2011stakeholder governance to safeguard threatened languages. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/decades\/indigenous-languages\" >[unesco.org]<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/eha.eco\/nehrus-vision-key-quotes-on-children-that-still-inspire\/\" >[eha.eco]<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mandela.gov.za\/mandela_speeches\/1995\/950603_qunu.htm\" >[Address by&#8230;nu and &#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>At the apex is the formation of a <strong>Peace Architecture<\/strong>, a systemic configuration where language rights, Ubuntu ethics, and neurocognitive harmonisation converge. This is evident in <strong>African\u00a0Peace\u00a0and\u00a0Security\u00a0Architecture\u00a0(APSA)<a href=\"#_edn47\" name=\"_ednref47\">[47]<\/a>.<\/strong> In this model, peace is not conceptualised merely as the absence of conflict, but as a constructive state of <strong>harmonised neurocognitive regulation<\/strong>, <strong>mutual linguistic recognition<\/strong>, and <strong>institutionalised multilingual equity<\/strong>.<a href=\"#_edn48\" name=\"_ednref48\">[48]<\/a> When SPERL actions are implemented within Ubuntu\u2019s relational framework and grounded in L1 Harmonism<a href=\"#_edn49\" name=\"_ednref49\">[49]<\/a>, the result is an evidence\u2011based pathway toward <strong>stable, just, and culturally inclusive peace systems<\/strong>.<a href=\"#_edn50\" name=\"_ednref50\">[50]<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_314408\" style=\"width: 604px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Picture5.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-314408\" class=\"size-full wp-image-314408\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Picture5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"594\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Picture5.jpg 594w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Picture5-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-314408\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A framework of Peace Architecture:\u00a0 The South Africa Peace Philosophy: Languages, using Ubuntu as an anchor<br \/>The Vawdaian concept of Language and Peace inter-connectedness and the uniquely South African philosophy of Ubuntu<br \/>The Society for the Preservation of Extinction of Rare Languages ensuring sustained peace<br \/>Original Photographs Conceptualised by Mrs V. Vawda, March 2026<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Comments and discussion are invited by e-mail: <\/strong><a href=\"mailto:vawda@ukzn.ac.za\"><strong>vawda@ukzn.ac.za<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Global: + 27 82\u00a0291 4546<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/11\/valmiki-the-silent-seer-of-resonant-endogenous-and-global-peace\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2025\/11\/valmiki-the-silent-seer-of-resonant-endogenous-and-global-peace\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> Personal Quote by author, February 2026<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=7d53a79db9b0a79565fbadf3b4539c093d0e7410d2bfda286ce26816379148e8JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ290b2d1eS5jby56YS9wb3N0L3VidW50dS1hbi1hZnJpY2FuLXBoaWxvc29waHktb2YtY29tbXVuaXR5LWFuZC1odW1hbml0eQ&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=7d53a79db9b0a79565fbadf3b4539c093d0e7410d2bfda286ce26816379148e8JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ290b2d1eS5jby56YS9wb3N0L3VidW50dS1hbi1hZnJpY2FuLXBoaWxvc29waHktb2YtY29tbXVuaXR5LWFuZC1odW1hbml0eQ&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=0fcda404416db67961ca1ddbabf9eb2d23d05c95b00114c3eaaf3d6946b13e27JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=nguni+languages&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvTmd1bmlfbGFuZ3VhZ2Vz\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=0fcda404416db67961ca1ddbabf9eb2d23d05c95b00114c3eaaf3d6946b13e27JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=nguni+languages&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvTmd1bmlfbGFuZ3VhZ2Vz<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=9c16fbc14c06b5eb8ff30964f2ddfd536934ac63d91d3f709e75cd750724403fJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=umuntu+ngumuntu+ngabantu&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly90aGVwYW5hZnJpY2EuY29tL3VidW50dS10aGUtcGhpbG9zb3BoeS1vZi1zaGFyZWQtaHVtYW5pdHkv\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=9c16fbc14c06b5eb8ff30964f2ddfd536934ac63d91d3f709e75cd750724403fJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=umuntu+ngumuntu+ngabantu&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly90aGVwYW5hZnJpY2EuY29tL3VidW50dS10aGUtcGhpbG9zb3BoeS1vZi1zaGFyZWQtaHVtYW5pdHkv<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2026\/03\/the-foundations-of-communal-peace-sustaining-threatened-languages-as-peace-infrastructure-part-1\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2026\/03\/the-foundations-of-communal-peace-sustaining-threatened-languages-as-peace-infrastructure-part-1\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2026\/03\/sustained-indigenous-languages-and-peace-the-mandela-ubuntu-language-interactivity-part-2\/\" >https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2026\/03\/sustained-indigenous-languages-and-peace-the-mandela-ubuntu-language-interactivity-part-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=e825cdf155f52a279ee41468bee79de1fa555e1e437d7fa7b316588261baf0e1JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc29jcmF0aWMtbWV0aG9kLmNvbS9xdW90ZS1tZWFuaW5ncy9uZWxzb24tbWFuZGVsYS1pZi15b3UtdGFsay10by1hLW1hbi1pbi1hLWxhbmd1YWdlLWhlLXVuZGVyc3RhbmRzLXRoYXQtZ29lcy10by1oaXMtaGVhZC1pZi15b3UtdGFsay10by1oaW0taW4taGlzLWxhbmd1YWdlLXRoYXQtZ29lcy10by1oaXMtaGVhcnQ&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=e825cdf155f52a279ee41468bee79de1fa555e1e437d7fa7b316588261baf0e1JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc29jcmF0aWMtbWV0aG9kLmNvbS9xdW90ZS1tZWFuaW5ncy9uZWxzb24tbWFuZGVsYS1pZi15b3UtdGFsay10by1hLW1hbi1pbi1hLWxhbmd1YWdlLWhlLXVuZGVyc3RhbmRzLXRoYXQtZ29lcy10by1oaXMtaGVhZC1pZi15b3UtdGFsay10by1oaW0taW4taGlzLWxhbmd1YWdlLXRoYXQtZ29lcy10by1oaXMtaGVhcnQ&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=b7d9d75c56ff3960da5e1261ad9113ee0fc16c911025167249f5bcc26703e436JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly90YXlsb3JhbmRmcmFuY2lzLmNvbS9rbm93bGVkZ2UvTWVkaWNpbmVfYW5kX2hlYWx0aGNhcmUvUHN5Y2hpYXRyeS9OZXVyb2NvZ25pdGlvbg&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=b7d9d75c56ff3960da5e1261ad9113ee0fc16c911025167249f5bcc26703e436JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly90YXlsb3JhbmRmcmFuY2lzLmNvbS9rbm93bGVkZ2UvTWVkaWNpbmVfYW5kX2hlYWx0aGNhcmUvUHN5Y2hpYXRyeS9OZXVyb2NvZ25pdGlvbg&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=5f10be4252e7057ca719fcd2bda89c922bd29fdcb0c6bb7a7025b48fd5c93c97JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9kaWdpdGFsbGlicmFyeS51bi5vcmcvcmVjb3JkLzM5NTg5MjI&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=5f10be4252e7057ca719fcd2bda89c922bd29fdcb0c6bb7a7025b48fd5c93c97JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9kaWdpdGFsbGlicmFyeS51bi5vcmcvcmVjb3JkLzM5NTg5MjI&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=50b6c40a3461fdedbea01df08a764f6d1eac772caf281c7bcec94cb035c97e4bJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292LnphL3NpdGVzL2RlZmF1bHQvZmlsZXMvZ2Npc19kb2N1bWVudC8yMDE0MDkvMjAwOThibjU0MC5wZGY&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=50b6c40a3461fdedbea01df08a764f6d1eac772caf281c7bcec94cb035c97e4bJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292LnphL3NpdGVzL2RlZmF1bHQvZmlsZXMvZ2Npc19kb2N1bWVudC8yMDE0MDkvMjAwOThibjU0MC5wZGY&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=b744192c41d0a2293582dfe9c93c248e569ada64451abafe53cc21c8564c01b2JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=the+peace+design%3a+where+ubuntu+meets+policy+requirements&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHJhbnNjZW5kLm9yZy90bXMvMjAyNi8wMi9mcm9tLWRpYWdub3Npcy10by1kZXNpZ24tZnJvbS12aW9sZW5jZS10by12YWx1ZS11YnVudHUtYW5kLXRoZS10cmFuc2Zvcm1hdGl2ZS1wZWFjZS10cmlhbmdsZXMtb2YtMjFzdC1jZW50dXJ5LXBhcnQtMi8\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=b744192c41d0a2293582dfe9c93c248e569ada64451abafe53cc21c8564c01b2JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=the+peace+design%3a+where+ubuntu+meets+policy+requirements&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHJhbnNjZW5kLm9yZy90bXMvMjAyNi8wMi9mcm9tLWRpYWdub3Npcy10by1kZXNpZ24tZnJvbS12aW9sZW5jZS10by12YWx1ZS11YnVudHUtYW5kLXRoZS10cmFuc2Zvcm1hdGl2ZS1wZWFjZS10cmlhbmdsZXMtb2YtMjFzdC1jZW50dXJ5LXBhcnQtMi8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=697d11fce6a8cd98ea1f983ab2f0d726a2771d9328ddf0e213461fc8ad965ab1JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaWpyLm9yZy56YS9ob21lL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDE5LzA5L1RSQy1GdW5kYW1lbnRhbC1Eb2N1bWVudC5wZGY&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=697d11fce6a8cd98ea1f983ab2f0d726a2771d9328ddf0e213461fc8ad965ab1JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaWpyLm9yZy56YS9ob21lL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDE5LzA5L1RSQy1GdW5kYW1lbnRhbC1Eb2N1bWVudC5wZGY&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=d78a2e1f0edcf9004d29dcfc302b20cdbe015432f2ae5c953368e6fcf60d2d1aJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9hc3NldHMuY2FtYnJpZGdlLm9yZy85NzgxMTA3MC82MjI4My9leGNlcnB0Lzk3ODExMDcwNjIyODNfZXhjZXJwdC5wZGY&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=d78a2e1f0edcf9004d29dcfc302b20cdbe015432f2ae5c953368e6fcf60d2d1aJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9hc3NldHMuY2FtYnJpZGdlLm9yZy85NzgxMTA3MC82MjI4My9leGNlcnB0Lzk3ODExMDcwNjIyODNfZXhjZXJwdC5wZGY&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=5df576a8bc45c46608d90c5e9c162e76286b1aae3766d2cde330cda305545b29JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9zbGFuZ3NjaWVuY2UuZ2l0aHViLmlvL3NsYW5nL3BhcGVycy9QcmF4aXMlMjBhbmQlMjBsYW5ndWFnZSUyMGFyZSUyMGxpbmtlZC5wZGY&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=5df576a8bc45c46608d90c5e9c162e76286b1aae3766d2cde330cda305545b29JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9zbGFuZ3NjaWVuY2UuZ2l0aHViLmlvL3NsYW5nL3BhcGVycy9QcmF4aXMlMjBhbmQlMjBsYW5ndWFnZSUyMGFyZSUyMGxpbmtlZC5wZGY&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=35c2f19761a732b9afdd0e2c97dc771d2ad1901f03866b55985a0be1e16ee256JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9kaXZlcnNlZGFpbHkuY29tL2xhbmd1YWdlLWFuZC1jb25jZXB0dWFsaXphdGlvbi1vZi1zZWxmLWludmVzdGlnYXRpbmctaG93LWxhbmd1YWdlLWluZmx1ZW5jZXMtc2VsZi1pZGVudGl0eS1hbmQtYWdlbmN5Lw&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=35c2f19761a732b9afdd0e2c97dc771d2ad1901f03866b55985a0be1e16ee256JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9kaXZlcnNlZGFpbHkuY29tL2xhbmd1YWdlLWFuZC1jb25jZXB0dWFsaXphdGlvbi1vZi1zZWxmLWludmVzdGlnYXRpbmctaG93LWxhbmd1YWdlLWluZmx1ZW5jZXMtc2VsZi1pZGVudGl0eS1hbmQtYWdlbmN5Lw&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=08faa737df1f673e3a37a106bb6da801423f15ec2ba9714b0be31ee675b4d0cdJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9ldS1vcGVuc2NpLm9yZy9pbmRleC5waHAvZWpzb2NpYWwvYXJ0aWNsZS92aWV3LzE4NTQ3&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=08faa737df1f673e3a37a106bb6da801423f15ec2ba9714b0be31ee675b4d0cdJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9ldS1vcGVuc2NpLm9yZy9pbmRleC5waHAvZWpzb2NpYWwvYXJ0aWNsZS92aWV3LzE4NTQ3&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=f4c12e3b7e6a4af46375600478578cd0e79224ff48d5a1968dae7ab57d6826b8JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXpxdW90ZXMuY29tL2F1dGhvci85MzY1LU5lbHNvbl9NYW5kZWxhL3RhZy9jaGlsZHJlbg&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=f4c12e3b7e6a4af46375600478578cd0e79224ff48d5a1968dae7ab57d6826b8JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXpxdW90ZXMuY29tL2F1dGhvci85MzY1LU5lbHNvbl9NYW5kZWxhL3RhZy9jaGlsZHJlbg&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=257c355e6b676bfd8213129be28d4848c6e140ba5d9148dc82271e17457288a2JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9zY2hvbGFyLnN1bi5hYy56YS9zZXJ2ZXIvYXBpL2NvcmUvYml0c3RyZWFtcy8xNmU0MDJhMC00NGU4LTRkYWEtOGRjOC1kMjk1OTBkZTBlNjIvY29udGVudA&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=257c355e6b676bfd8213129be28d4848c6e140ba5d9148dc82271e17457288a2JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9zY2hvbGFyLnN1bi5hYy56YS9zZXJ2ZXIvYXBpL2NvcmUvYml0c3RyZWFtcy8xNmU0MDJhMC00NGU4LTRkYWEtOGRjOC1kMjk1OTBkZTBlNjIvY29udGVudA&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=7869641f731b947b676b336024c660564f1ceecf3ec1caa290fec9f95a45bbfeJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9rbm93bGVkZ2UuZGVjay5uby9sYW5ndWFnZXMtYW5kLWxpbmd1aXN0aWNzL3BzeWNob2xpbmd1aXN0aWNzL2xhbmd1YWdlLWFuZC10aG91Z2h0L2xhbmd1YWdlLWFuZC1kZWNpc2lvbi1tYWtpbmc&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=7869641f731b947b676b336024c660564f1ceecf3ec1caa290fec9f95a45bbfeJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9rbm93bGVkZ2UuZGVjay5uby9sYW5ndWFnZXMtYW5kLWxpbmd1aXN0aWNzL3BzeWNob2xpbmd1aXN0aWNzL2xhbmd1YWdlLWFuZC10aG91Z2h0L2xhbmd1YWdlLWFuZC1kZWNpc2lvbi1tYWtpbmc&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=4a81830e22ccf1c5573cae16b84317e750753ee05f18b8a6a6e4fb486ce17221JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2FtYnJpZGdlLm9yZy9jb3JlL2pvdXJuYWxzL2JpbGluZ3VhbGlzbS1sYW5ndWFnZS1hbmQtY29nbml0aW9uL2FydGljbGUvZGVjaXNpb25tYWtpbmctZGVwZW5kcy1vbi1sYW5ndWFnZS1hLW1ldGFhbmFseXNpcy1vZi10aGUtZm9yZWlnbi1sYW5ndWFnZS1lZmZlY3QvMzU3Q0RERjk0OERCN0ZDM0MxMDE1MzRGMUVBMzQ0MkE&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=4a81830e22ccf1c5573cae16b84317e750753ee05f18b8a6a6e4fb486ce17221JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2FtYnJpZGdlLm9yZy9jb3JlL2pvdXJuYWxzL2JpbGluZ3VhbGlzbS1sYW5ndWFnZS1hbmQtY29nbml0aW9uL2FydGljbGUvZGVjaXNpb25tYWtpbmctZGVwZW5kcy1vbi1sYW5ndWFnZS1hLW1ldGFhbmFseXNpcy1vZi10aGUtZm9yZWlnbi1sYW5ndWFnZS1lZmZlY3QvMzU3Q0RERjk0OERCN0ZDM0MxMDE1MzRGMUVBMzQ0MkE&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=7a66923be72a09cb94b9875fc2d3595997715bc7eaed836a3aa3bdfa87e0d7c9JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Ubuntu+as+Linguistic+Ethic&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9waGlsb3BlZGlhLm9yZy90cmFkaXRpb25zL3VidW50dS1waGlsb3NvcGh5Lw\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=7a66923be72a09cb94b9875fc2d3595997715bc7eaed836a3aa3bdfa87e0d7c9JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Ubuntu+as+Linguistic+Ethic&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9waGlsb3BlZGlhLm9yZy90cmFkaXRpb25zL3VidW50dS1waGlsb3NvcGh5Lw<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=f3b8ff048ec98d9bb2adf665327c3b4e47d01bbc9cee704e13751182f190886fJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=maintain+harmony%2c+interdependence%2c+and+communal+identity.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9sZWFkZXJzaGlwZm9ydW1jb21tdW5pdHkub3JnL3Jlc291cmNlL3VidW50dS10aGUtYWZyaWNhbi1waGlsb3NvcGh5LW9mLWludGVyY29ubmVjdGVkbmVzcy8\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=f3b8ff048ec98d9bb2adf665327c3b4e47d01bbc9cee704e13751182f190886fJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=maintain+harmony%2c+interdependence%2c+and+communal+identity.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9sZWFkZXJzaGlwZm9ydW1jb21tdW5pdHkub3JnL3Jlc291cmNlL3VidW50dS10aGUtYWZyaWNhbi1waGlsb3NvcGh5LW9mLWludGVyY29ubmVjdGVkbmVzcy8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=149e9878c7e547b30e3f848f57169129b721dc49b12f8ef6d366a7fac8d3a660JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9md2Rla2xlcmsub3JnL3ByZXNlcnZpbmctc291dGgtYWZyaWNhcy1pbmRpZ2Vub3VzLWxhbmd1YWdlcy1hLWxpdmluZy1sZWdhY3ktZm9yLWZ1dHVyZS1nZW5lcmF0aW9ucy8&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=149e9878c7e547b30e3f848f57169129b721dc49b12f8ef6d366a7fac8d3a660JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9md2Rla2xlcmsub3JnL3ByZXNlcnZpbmctc291dGgtYWZyaWNhcy1pbmRpZ2Vub3VzLWxhbmd1YWdlcy1hLWxpdmluZy1sZWdhY3ktZm9yLWZ1dHVyZS1nZW5lcmF0aW9ucy8&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=73f985a7eee94ff464495f49b91df4e1b448df822812a63788bfa11e5c01bf42JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Call+to+Action+%2c++Preventing+Extinction+with+SPERL&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9pdWNuLm9yZy9jb250ZW50L3dvcmRzLWFjdGlvbi1rZXktb3JnYW5pemF0aW9ucy10ZWFtLXN0b3AtZXh0aW5jdGlvbi1jcmlzaXM\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=73f985a7eee94ff464495f49b91df4e1b448df822812a63788bfa11e5c01bf42JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Call+to+Action+%2c++Preventing+Extinction+with+SPERL&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9pdWNuLm9yZy9jb250ZW50L3dvcmRzLWFjdGlvbi1rZXktb3JnYW5pemF0aW9ucy10ZWFtLXN0b3AtZXh0aW5jdGlvbi1jcmlzaXM<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=aa0ed8dffc796c5ca67795bae50ea66fc8888c65ad4a3d27cb99de3b9c5f7934JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Language+is+not+an+accessory+to+peace%3b+it+is+peace%e2%80%99s+operating+system&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lYWpvdXJuYWxzLm9yZy9pamFzY3Qvd3AtY29udGVudC91cGxvYWRzL3NpdGVzLzM4LzIwMjQvMDkvUm9sZS1vZi1MYW5ndWFnZS5wZGY\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=aa0ed8dffc796c5ca67795bae50ea66fc8888c65ad4a3d27cb99de3b9c5f7934JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Language+is+not+an+accessory+to+peace%3b+it+is+peace%e2%80%99s+operating+system&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lYWpvdXJuYWxzLm9yZy9pamFzY3Qvd3AtY29udGVudC91cGxvYWRzL3NpdGVzLzM4LzIwMjQvMDkvUm9sZS1vZi1MYW5ndWFnZS5wZGY<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=e1b71ffd9137121e8504ccddb79e73bb05b0bcfbd6a756ca1a0949a516358010JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaGlsbHB1Ymxpc2hlci5jb20vQXJ0aWNsZURldGFpbHMuYXNweD90eXBlPVBERiZjaWQ9NTM3Ng&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=e1b71ffd9137121e8504ccddb79e73bb05b0bcfbd6a756ca1a0949a516358010JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaGlsbHB1Ymxpc2hlci5jb20vQXJ0aWNsZURldGFpbHMuYXNweD90eXBlPVBERiZjaWQ9NTM3Ng&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=2cb1d83d62157f68e70f216903ba7d1635b07e96fe5fbd369ec3db717e76637cJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=The+Bottom+Line+(National+and+Global+Relevance)&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9zdHVkeS5zdXN0YWluYWJpbGl0eS1kaXJlY3RvcnkuY29tL2xlYXJuL3doYXQtaXMtdGhlLWNvbmNlcHQtb2YtdGhlLXRyaXBsZS1ib3R0b20tbGluZS1hbmQtaXRzLXJlbGV2YW5jZS1oZXJlLw\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=2cb1d83d62157f68e70f216903ba7d1635b07e96fe5fbd369ec3db717e76637cJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=The+Bottom+Line+(National+and+Global+Relevance)&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9zdHVkeS5zdXN0YWluYWJpbGl0eS1kaXJlY3RvcnkuY29tL2xlYXJuL3doYXQtaXMtdGhlLWNvbmNlcHQtb2YtdGhlLXRyaXBsZS1ib3R0b20tbGluZS1hbmQtaXRzLXJlbGV2YW5jZS1oZXJlLw<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=250b84ad368d38705b16b09f75ce6d912ab26390cda18bf5e52ab28855c52dc6JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=applied+peace%3a+ubuntu+humanism+and+linguistic+equity+for+national+cohesion&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWNhZGVtaWEuZWR1LzExOTEwNjc1Ny9Jc19VYnVudHVfYV90b29sX2Zvcl9wZWFjZV9Ecl9MdWNfWndhZW5lcG9lbF91YnVudHVfYXRfY3VsdHVyZV9vZl9wZWFjZV9hdF9zcGlyaXR1YWxfdWJ1bnR1X2F0X21vbnRfRmxldXJfYXRfVHV0dV9hdF9NYW5kZWxhX2F0X1RydXRo\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=250b84ad368d38705b16b09f75ce6d912ab26390cda18bf5e52ab28855c52dc6JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=applied+peace%3a+ubuntu+humanism+and+linguistic+equity+for+national+cohesion&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWNhZGVtaWEuZWR1LzExOTEwNjc1Ny9Jc19VYnVudHVfYV90b29sX2Zvcl9wZWFjZV9Ecl9MdWNfWndhZW5lcG9lbF91YnVudHVfYXRfY3VsdHVyZV9vZl9wZWFjZV9hdF9zcGlyaXR1YWxfdWJ1bnR1X2F0X21vbnRfRmxldXJfYXRfVHV0dV9hdF9NYW5kZWxhX2F0X1RydXRo<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=ec151db7c883cf34ede18e95347f583c26a24f45e746af325c9f6b6e1e75aea1JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=A+SPERL+Driven+Implementation+Framework+(2026%e2%80%932032)&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9zdHJhdGVnaWNwbGFuLnVuZHAub3JnL2Fzc2V0cy9kb2NzL1VORFAtU3RyYXRlZ2ljLVBsYW4tRW5nbGlzaC1TdW1tYXJ5LnBkZg\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=ec151db7c883cf34ede18e95347f583c26a24f45e746af325c9f6b6e1e75aea1JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=A+SPERL+Driven+Implementation+Framework+(2026%e2%80%932032)&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9zdHJhdGVnaWNwbGFuLnVuZHAub3JnL2Fzc2V0cy9kb2NzL1VORFAtU3RyYXRlZ2ljLVBsYW4tRW5nbGlzaC1TdW1tYXJ5LnBkZg<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=5d58ea800f5fe8ab7315e5f5ccf0cad62208577caf36a28959b054ad0aa25255JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292LnphL2RvY3VtZW50cy91c2Utb2ZmaWNpYWwtbGFuZ3VhZ2VzLWFjdA&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=5d58ea800f5fe8ab7315e5f5ccf0cad62208577caf36a28959b054ad0aa25255JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292LnphL2RvY3VtZW50cy91c2Utb2ZmaWNpYWwtbGFuZ3VhZ2VzLWFjdA&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=09aeded558faf6112d992ecfcc8ddf7f04b2e81aff017eea1fe60e8f553c1845JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=UNESCO+Global+Action+Plan.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly91bmVzZG9jLnVuZXNjby5vcmcvYXJrOi80ODIyMy9wZjAwMDAzNzk4NTM\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=09aeded558faf6112d992ecfcc8ddf7f04b2e81aff017eea1fe60e8f553c1845JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=UNESCO+Global+Action+Plan.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly91bmVzZG9jLnVuZXNjby5vcmcvYXJrOi80ODIyMy9wZjAwMDAzNzk4NTM<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=06530f8ea240d15b5d645f3e291b325ca11656470e9daa0a57caed520f3be3a2JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Constitutional+and+Legislative+Imperative&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZGVyZWJ1cy5vcmcuemEvY29uc3RpdHV0aW9uYWxseS1pbXBlcmF0aXZlLWVuc3VyaW5nLXB1YmxpYy1wYXJ0aWNpcGF0aW9uLWluLXRoZS1sYXctbWFraW5nLXByb2Nlc3Mv\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=06530f8ea240d15b5d645f3e291b325ca11656470e9daa0a57caed520f3be3a2JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Constitutional+and+Legislative+Imperative&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZGVyZWJ1cy5vcmcuemEvY29uc3RpdHV0aW9uYWxseS1pbXBlcmF0aXZlLWVuc3VyaW5nLXB1YmxpYy1wYXJ0aWNpcGF0aW9uLWluLXRoZS1sYXctbWFraW5nLXByb2Nlc3Mv<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=f72e836a09a229110b4bbd8a4fc5eba65588ebd320947867bc97fc588bf1bca9JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudW5lc2NvLm9yZy9lbi9kZWNhZGVzL2luZGlnZW5vdXMtbGFuZ3VhZ2Vz&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=f72e836a09a229110b4bbd8a4fc5eba65588ebd320947867bc97fc588bf1bca9JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudW5lc2NvLm9yZy9lbi9kZWNhZGVzL2luZGlnZW5vdXMtbGFuZ3VhZ2Vz&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=cda4ec2e82cbd1b2bbe19781e7de0bb5ff1cd725ed51a92d8d9d7c7260f9da6aJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Operational+Framework%3a+SPERL+Pillars&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuNnNpZ21hLnVzL2J1c2luZXNzLXByb2Nlc3MtbWFuYWdlbWVudC1hcnRpY2xlcy9waWxsYXJzLW9mLW9wZXJhdGlvbmFsLWV4Y2VsbGVuY2Uv\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=cda4ec2e82cbd1b2bbe19781e7de0bb5ff1cd725ed51a92d8d9d7c7260f9da6aJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Operational+Framework%3a+SPERL+Pillars&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuNnNpZ21hLnVzL2J1c2luZXNzLXByb2Nlc3MtbWFuYWdlbWVudC1hcnRpY2xlcy9waWxsYXJzLW9mLW9wZXJhdGlvbmFsLWV4Y2VsbGVuY2Uv<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=fd8da722d1d19064aa40e493c9d3e7606b53c3d2b6d675624e7ff987c247f77cJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9wcmVzZXJ2YXRpb25jcmFmdC5jb20vMjAyNS8wNi8xNi9jaXRpemVuLXNjaWVuY2UtaW4tcHJlc2VydmF0aW9uLWhvdy1jcm93ZHNvdXJjaW5nLWlzLXJldm9sdXRpb25pemluZy1oZXJpdGFnZS1kb2N1bWVudGF0aW9uLw&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=fd8da722d1d19064aa40e493c9d3e7606b53c3d2b6d675624e7ff987c247f77cJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9wcmVzZXJ2YXRpb25jcmFmdC5jb20vMjAyNS8wNi8xNi9jaXRpemVuLXNjaWVuY2UtaW4tcHJlc2VydmF0aW9uLWhvdy1jcm93ZHNvdXJjaW5nLWlzLXJldm9sdXRpb25pemluZy1oZXJpdGFnZS1kb2N1bWVudGF0aW9uLw&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=2e93354730509c1c6d4e7f402879e1adc984aa2f0f73a45677674d88b38084e1JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292LnphL3NpdGVzL2RlZmF1bHQvZmlsZXMvZ2Npc19kb2N1bWVudC8yMDE3MDMvNDA3MzNnZW4yNDQucGRm&amp;ntb=1\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=2e93354730509c1c6d4e7f402879e1adc984aa2f0f73a45677674d88b38084e1JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292LnphL3NpdGVzL2RlZmF1bHQvZmlsZXMvZ2Npc19kb2N1bWVudC8yMDE3MDMvNDA3MzNnZW4yNDQucGRm&amp;ntb=1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=f18e3be09ecbeec1722d2c686028128772b33d8da27da1698a3c5f1f79c4cc6bJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Education%2c+Skills%2c+and+Cognitive+Based+Inclusion&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9saW5rLnNwcmluZ2VyLmNvbS9jaGFwdGVyLzEwLjEwMDcvOTc4LTMtMDMyLTA3OTkyLTNfNA\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=f18e3be09ecbeec1722d2c686028128772b33d8da27da1698a3c5f1f79c4cc6bJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Education%2c+Skills%2c+and+Cognitive+Based+Inclusion&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9saW5rLnNwcmluZ2VyLmNvbS9jaGFwdGVyLzEwLjEwMDcvOTc4LTMtMDMyLTA3OTkyLTNfNA<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=5bcaba535c3f9c85c50a38455e9f284ec734c1542a738699cdaeb514c79f2575JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Media%2c+Culture%2c+Festivals%2c+and+Digital+Futures&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY29ubm9sbHljb3ZlLmNvbS9jdWx0dXJhbC1mZXN0aXZhbHMtaW4tdGhlLWFnZS1vZi10ZWNobm9sb2d5LWRpZ2l0YWwtaW5ub3ZhdGlvbi8\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=5bcaba535c3f9c85c50a38455e9f284ec734c1542a738699cdaeb514c79f2575JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Media%2c+Culture%2c+Festivals%2c+and+Digital+Futures&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY29ubm9sbHljb3ZlLmNvbS9jdWx0dXJhbC1mZXN0aXZhbHMtaW4tdGhlLWFnZS1vZi10ZWNobm9sb2d5LWRpZ2l0YWwtaW5ub3ZhdGlvbi8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref40\" name=\"_edn40\">[40]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=543a9738e0fb4f05d3ba95c17a9d8b0a787707f6b5acf5863ad4f72d861d1108JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Coordination%2c+Monitoring%2c+Budgeting%2c+and+Reporting&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZHBtZS5nb3YuemEva2V5Zm9jdXNhcmVhcy9Qcm92aW5jaWFsJTIwUGVyZm9ybWFuY2UlMjBQdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9Eb2N1bWVudHMvR292ZXJtZW50JTIwV2lkZSUyMFBsYW5uaW5nJTIwUHJvY2VzcyUyMC1zaG9ydGVyJTIwLSUyMDExMDMyMDIxJTIwLSUyMEVYQ08ucGRm\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=543a9738e0fb4f05d3ba95c17a9d8b0a787707f6b5acf5863ad4f72d861d1108JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Coordination%2c+Monitoring%2c+Budgeting%2c+and+Reporting&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZHBtZS5nb3YuemEva2V5Zm9jdXNhcmVhcy9Qcm92aW5jaWFsJTIwUGVyZm9ybWFuY2UlMjBQdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9Eb2N1bWVudHMvR292ZXJtZW50JTIwV2lkZSUyMFBsYW5uaW5nJTIwUHJvY2VzcyUyMC1zaG9ydGVyJTIwLSUyMDExMDMyMDIxJTIwLSUyMEVYQ08ucGRm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref41\" name=\"_edn41\">[41]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=9fb2e0026f791ece9b3e8a99bad639a97fcf93eb17afb0d0cb51499a827248b0JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Risk+Analysis+and+Mitigation+in+languages&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly90cmFuc2xhdGVkLmNvbS9yZXNvdXJjZXMvdHJhbnNsYXRpb24tcXVhbGl0eS1yaXNrLW1hbmFnZW1lbnQtbWl0aWdhdGlvbi1zdHJhdGVnaWVzLWNvbXBsaWFuY2UtZnJhbWV3b3Jr\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=9fb2e0026f791ece9b3e8a99bad639a97fcf93eb17afb0d0cb51499a827248b0JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Risk+Analysis+and+Mitigation+in+languages&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly90cmFuc2xhdGVkLmNvbS9yZXNvdXJjZXMvdHJhbnNsYXRpb24tcXVhbGl0eS1yaXNrLW1hbmFnZW1lbnQtbWl0aWdhdGlvbi1zdHJhdGVnaWVzLWNvbXBsaWFuY2UtZnJhbWV3b3Jr<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref42\" name=\"_edn42\">[42]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=59c0a7b42017b726c28ddfa12d347b505b5e5f564f20fd070b99f134b3ad8274JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Budgeting+Framework+(2026%e2%80%932032)+for+preserving+indigenous+languages&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2FuYWRhLmNhL2VuL2NhbmFkaWFuLWhlcml0YWdlL3NlcnZpY2VzL2Z1bmRpbmcvYWJvcmlnaW5hbC1wZW9wbGVzL2xhbmd1YWdlcy5odG1s\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=59c0a7b42017b726c28ddfa12d347b505b5e5f564f20fd070b99f134b3ad8274JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Budgeting+Framework+(2026%e2%80%932032)+for+preserving+indigenous+languages&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2FuYWRhLmNhL2VuL2NhbmFkaWFuLWhlcml0YWdlL3NlcnZpY2VzL2Z1bmRpbmcvYWJvcmlnaW5hbC1wZW9wbGVzL2xhbmd1YWdlcy5odG1s<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref43\" name=\"_edn43\">[43]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=90e85ad6c9d2f9c05ec0d48d6f18452af682cae93e09082d37a74a1439fce675JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=evoke+greater+emotional+resonance%2c+autobiographical+memory+access%2c+and+integrative+cognitive+affective+processing+than+later+acquired+languages.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NpZW5jZWRpcmVjdC5jb20vc2NpZW5jZS9jaGFwdGVyL2Jvb2tzZXJpZXMvcGlpL1MwMDc5NzQyMTI0MDAwMDIx\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=90e85ad6c9d2f9c05ec0d48d6f18452af682cae93e09082d37a74a1439fce675JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=evoke+greater+emotional+resonance%2c+autobiographical+memory+access%2c+and+integrative+cognitive+affective+processing+than+later+acquired+languages.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NpZW5jZWRpcmVjdC5jb20vc2NpZW5jZS9jaGFwdGVyL2Jvb2tzZXJpZXMvcGlpL1MwMDc5NzQyMTI0MDAwMDIx<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref44\" name=\"_edn44\">[44]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=829b5b8bf22aef279880f772ec02e408cc06db7bf33f08e71e05bb4bc547f8ddJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=evoke+greater+emotional+resonance%2c+autobiographical+memory+access%2c+and+integrative+cognitive+affective+processing+than+later+acquired+languages.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGFuZGZvbmxpbmUuY29tL2RvaS9wZGYvMTAuMTA4MC8wMjY5OTkzMS4yMDI1LjI1NDk5NjY\" 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href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=0aee524f49d48553d56bd1b3cb56a4a2abc4277e031fb813395e973e1eb4aa3aJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=evoke+greater+emotional+resonance%2c+autobiographical+memory+access%2c+and+integrative+cognitive+affective+processing+than+later+acquired+languages.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubmF0dXJlLmNvbS9hcnRpY2xlcy9zNDE1OTktMDIzLTAxOTI2LTE\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=0aee524f49d48553d56bd1b3cb56a4a2abc4277e031fb813395e973e1eb4aa3aJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=evoke+greater+emotional+resonance%2c+autobiographical+memory+access%2c+and+integrative+cognitive+affective+processing+than+later+acquired+languages.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubmF0dXJlLmNvbS9hcnRpY2xlcy9zNDE1OTktMDIzLTAxOTI2LTE<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref46\" name=\"_edn46\">[46]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=51f60ab9c7ff9bafa75558a6681ccb06b90a196b9ab53a9a4e6649fa8fb8c1dbJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=Structured+action+framework+comprising+Saving%2c+Protecting%2c+Empowering%2c+and+Reviving+Languages%2c+anchored+in+national+legislative+duties+such+as+the+Use+of+Official+Languages+Act+(2012)%2c+which+mandates+language+policies%2c+Language+Units%2c+and+annual+monitoring+across+departments.&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlcHJlc2lkZW5jeS5nb3YuemEvc2l0ZXMvZGVmYXVsdC9maWxlcy8yMDI1LTA1L1N0cmF0ZWdpYyUyMFBsYW4lMjAyMDI1LTIwMzAucGRm\" 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href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=e97dfc62c9a1b4afbb6fa505bb0076b25d25152fefdc4122345545f5367b11acJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=african+peace+and+security+architecture&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvQWZyaWNhbl9QZWFjZV9hbmRfU2VjdXJpdHlfQXJjaGl0ZWN0dXJl\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=e97dfc62c9a1b4afbb6fa505bb0076b25d25152fefdc4122345545f5367b11acJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=african+peace+and+security+architecture&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvQWZyaWNhbl9QZWFjZV9hbmRfU2VjdXJpdHlfQXJjaGl0ZWN0dXJl<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref48\" name=\"_edn48\">[48]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=34a40dc44fc7ab54fc53bd0c490e2c636da966d3b0d590ab060cb6c7fd188aecJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=african+peace+and+security+architecture&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly91bm9hdS51bm1pc3Npb25zLm9yZy9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL2FmcmljYW5fcGVhY2VfYW5kX3NlY3VyaXR5X2FyY2hpdGVjdHVyZS5wZGY\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=34a40dc44fc7ab54fc53bd0c490e2c636da966d3b0d590ab060cb6c7fd188aecJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=african+peace+and+security+architecture&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly91bm9hdS51bm1pc3Npb25zLm9yZy9zaXRlcy9kZWZhdWx0L2ZpbGVzL2FmcmljYW5fcGVhY2VfYW5kX3NlY3VyaXR5X2FyY2hpdGVjdHVyZS5wZGY<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref49\" name=\"_edn49\">[49]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=ab8947c4983825c2969596c2ddbe48af8a8cbcbc4c65e70000df60ac23a47909JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=L1+Harmonism&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly90aGVoYXJtb25pc3RsZWRnZXIuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tL3AvaGFybW9uaXNtLWEtcHJhY3RpY2FsLW9yaWVudGF0aW9u\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=ab8947c4983825c2969596c2ddbe48af8a8cbcbc4c65e70000df60ac23a47909JmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=L1+Harmonism&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly90aGVoYXJtb25pc3RsZWRnZXIuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tL3AvaGFybW9uaXNtLWEtcHJhY3RpY2FsLW9yaWVudGF0aW9u<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"#_ednref50\" name=\"_edn50\">[50]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=722216d2e602ab3f81381800354e6c32a9c26ceb2502edb8c09ed06d6aa61c6eJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=african+peace+and+security+architecture&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmVzZWFyY2hnYXRlLm5ldC9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi8yNzAyNzk0MzlfVGhlX0FmcmljYW5fUGVhY2VfYW5kX1NlY3VyaXR5X0FyY2hpdGVjdHVyZV9JbnRyb2R1Y3Rpb25fdG9fdGhlX1NwZWNpYWxfSXNzdWU\" >https:\/\/www.bing.com\/ck\/a?!&amp;&amp;p=722216d2e602ab3f81381800354e6c32a9c26ceb2502edb8c09ed06d6aa61c6eJmltdHM9MTc3Mzk2NDgwMA&amp;ptn=3&amp;ver=2&amp;hsh=4&amp;fclid=2b35ea2c-b8d0-63b3-2370-fd36b95362a4&amp;psq=african+peace+and+security+architecture&amp;u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmVzZWFyY2hnYXRlLm5ldC9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi8yNzAyNzk0MzlfVGhlX0FmcmljYW5fUGVhY2VfYW5kX1NlY3VyaXR5X0FyY2hpdGVjdHVyZV9JbnRyb2R1Y3Rpb25fdG9fdGhlX1NwZWNpYWxfSXNzdWU<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>______________________________________________<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Professor G. Hoosen M. Vawda (Bsc; MBChB; PhD.Wits) is a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace Development Environment<\/em><\/a><em>.<br \/>\n<strong>Director<\/strong>: Glastonbury Medical Research Centre; Community Health and Indigent Programme Services; Body Donor Foundation SA.<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Principal Investigator<\/em><\/strong><em>: Multinational Clinical Trials<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Consultant<\/em><\/strong><em>: Medical and General Research Ethics; Internal Medicine and Clinical Psychiatry:UKZN, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Executive Member<\/em><\/strong><em>: Inter Religious Council KZN SA<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Public Liaison<\/em><\/strong><em>: Medical Misadventures<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Activism<\/em><\/strong><em>: Justice for All<\/em><br \/>\n<strong><em>Email<\/em><\/strong><em>: <\/em><a href=\"mailto:vawda@ukzn.ac.za\"><em>vawda@ukzn.ac.za<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cThe preservation and usage of the mother tongue, is the single most important pillar of Peace in multicultural societies, globally\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":314409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[3914,3916,3941,3911,3583,1236,3579,3929,3917,3918,3718,3892,2782,3928],"class_list":["post-314404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transcend-members","tag-biophoton","tag-cyber-harmonics","tag-emotional-resonance-curve","tag-global-belligerism","tag-harmonism","tag-nelson-mandela","tag-neuroharmonics","tag-nguni","tag-peace-crusade","tag-peace-mandala","tag-peace-propagation","tag-peace-propagators","tag-ubuntu","tag-urdu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/314404","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=314404"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/314404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":314410,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/314404\/revisions\/314410"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/314409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=314404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=314404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=314404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}