{"id":35695,"date":"2013-10-28T12:00:55","date_gmt":"2013-10-28T12:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=35695"},"modified":"2015-05-05T22:21:17","modified_gmt":"2015-05-05T21:21:17","slug":"gang-rape-in-india-routine-and-invisible","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2013\/10\/gang-rape-in-india-routine-and-invisible\/","title":{"rendered":"Gang Rape in India, Routine and Invisible"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>In Mumbai Case, a Group of Assault Suspects Had Little Fear of the Law<\/i><\/p>\n<p>At 5:30 p.m. on that Thursday, four young men were playing cards, as usual, when Mohammed Kasim Sheikh\u2019s cellphone rang and he announced that it was time to go hunting. Prey had been spotted, he told a friend. When the host asked what they were going to hunt, he said, \u201cA beautiful deer.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_35696\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/mumbai-1-articleLarge.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35696\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-35696\" alt=\"The slum in Mumbai, India, where one of the five suspects in the gang rape of a photojournalist was arrested. Atul Loke for The New York Times\" src=\"http:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/mumbai-1-articleLarge-300x197.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/mumbai-1-articleLarge-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/mumbai-1-articleLarge.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-35696\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The slum in Mumbai, India, where one of the five suspects in the gang rape of a photojournalist was arrested.<br \/>Atul Loke for The New York Times<\/p><\/div>\n<p>As two men rushed out, the host smirked, figuring they did not like losing at cards.<\/p>\n<p>Two hours later, a 22-year-old photojournalist limped out of a ruined building. She had been raped repeatedly by five men, asked by one to re-enact pornographic acts displayed on a cellphone. After she left, the men dispersed to their wives or mothers, if they had them; it was dinnertime. None of their previous victims had gone to the police. Why should this one?<\/p>\n<p>The trial in the Mumbai gang-rape case has opened to a drowsy and ill-attended courtroom, without the crush of reporters who documented every twist in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/09\/11\/world\/asia\/four-men-convicted-in-rape-case-that-transfixed-india.html?_r=1&amp;\" title=\"Times article.\" >similar case in New Delhi<\/a> in which a woman died after being gang-raped on a private bus. The accused, barefoot, sit on a bench at the back of the courtroom, observing the arguments with blank expressions, as if they were being conducted in Mandarin. All have pleaded not guilty. They are slight men with ordinary faces, nothing imposing, the kind one might see at any bus stop or tea stall.<\/p>\n<p>But the Mumbai case provides an unusual glimpse into a group of bored young men who had committed the same crime often enough to develop a routine. The police say the men had committed at least five rapes in the same spot. Their casual confidence reinforces the notion that rape has been a largely invisible crime here, where convictions are infrequent and victims silently go away. Not until their arrest, at a moment when sexual violence has grabbed headlines and risen to the top of the state\u2019s agenda, did the seriousness of the crime sink in.<\/p>\n<p>An editor at the photographer\u2019s publication, who was present when a witness identified the first of the five suspects, a juvenile, said the teenager dissolved in tears as soon as he was accused.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt was exactly like watching a kid in school who has been caught doing something,\u201d said the editor, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to protect the identity of the victim, who cannot be identified according to Indian law. \u201cIt\u2019s like a bunch of kids who found a dog and tied a bunch of firecrackers to its tail, just to see what would happen. Only in this case it was far more egregious. It was malevolent, what happened.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In spots Mumbai is an anarchic jumble, its high-rise buildings flanked by vest-pocket slums and vacant properties that have reverted to near-wilderness. One such place is the Shakti Mills, a ruin from the prosperous days of Mumbai\u2019s textile industry. When night falls, it is a treacherous span of darkness lined with sinkholes and debris, but still in the middle of the city, still close enough to look up and watch the lights flicker on in the Shangri-La Hotel.<\/p>\n<p>The photographer and her colleague, a 21-year-old man, were interns at an English-language publication and had decided to include this spot \u2014 the backdrop for any number of fashion shoots \u2014 as part of a photo essay on the city\u2019s abandoned buildings, the editor said. On that Thursday last August, they reached the ruined mill about an hour before sunset.<\/p>\n<p>The five men they encountered there later came from slums near the mill complex, claustrophobic concrete warrens where electrical wires tangle at one\u2019s head and acrid water flows in open gutters around one\u2019s feet.<\/p>\n<p>None of the men worked regularly. There were jobs chicken-plucking at a neighborhood stand \u2014 a hot, stinking eight-hour shift that paid 250 rupees, or $4. The men told their families they wanted something better, something indoors, but that thing never seemed to come. They passed time playing cards and drinking. Luxury was pressed in their faces in the sinuous form of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lodhagroup.com\/bellissimo\/\" >Lodha Bellissimo<\/a>, a 48-story apartment building rising from an adjacent lot.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEvery boy in this neighborhood, including myself, would look at those buildings and say, \u2018One day, I will own a flat in that building,\u2019\u00a0\u201d said Yasin Sheikh, 22, who knew two of the accused men from the neighborhood. Because of his work helping find slum locations for film crews, he sometimes has a chance to interact with wealthy people, he said, and it fills him with yearning.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI feel really sad around them, because I want to sit at the table with them,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Only Kasim Sheikh, 20, the card player who took the call, seemed to have shaken off the drag of poverty. A plump man in a neighborhood of the half-starved, he wore flashy shirts and hooked up his friends with catering jobs at weddings. He had been convicted of theft \u2014 iron, steel and other scrap from a railroad site \u2014 and occasionally provided information to the police, according to Mumbai\u2019s joint police commissioner, Himanshu Roy.<\/p>\n<p>Some people steered clear of Mr. Sheikh. The grandmother of one of the accused men, a 16-year-old whose name is being withheld because of his age, had forbidden Mr. Sheikh to cross their threshold. But her grandson craved nice things; that was his weakness, his grandmother said. Mr. Sheikh \u201cwore good clothes, he had a nice mobile, obviously he would, because he was a thief,\u201d said Yasin Sheikh, the neighbor.<\/p>\n<p>When another of their friends, a 27-year-old father of two named Salim Ansari, spotted the interns in the mill that day, the first thing he did was call Kasim Sheikh to tell him that their prey had arrived.<\/p>\n<p><b>Nothing to Lose<\/b><\/p>\n<p>During the year since the Delhi gang rape, sexual violence has been discussed endlessly in India, but there are few clear answers to the questions of how much is it happening or why.<\/p>\n<p>One problem is that perpetrators may not view their actions as a grave crime, but something closer to mischief. A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/langlo\/article\/PIIS2214-109X%2813%2970069-X\/abstract\" >survey<\/a> of more than 10,000 men carried out in six Asian countries \u2014 India not among them \u2014 and published in The Lancet Global Health journal in September came up with startling data. It found that, when the word \u201crape\u201d was not used as part of a questionnaire, more than one in 10 men in the region admitted to forcing sex on a woman who was not their partner.<\/p>\n<p>Asked why, 73 percent said the reason was \u201centitlement.\u201d Fifty-nine percent said their motivation was \u201centertainment seeking,\u201d agreeing with the statements \u201cI wanted to have fun\u201d or \u201cI was bored.\u201d Flavia Agnes, a Mumbai women\u2019s rights lawyer who has been working on rape cases since the 1970s, said the findings rang true to her experience.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s just frivolous; they just do it casually,\u201d she said. \u201cThere is so much abject poverty. They just want to have a little fun on the side. That\u2019s it. See, they have nothing to lose.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The photographer and her colleague reached the mill but, visually, it was not what they wanted. That is when two men approached them, the victim told the police later, offering to show them a route farther in. There the images were better, and the two had been working for half an hour when the two men returned.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u2018The Prey Is Here\u2019<\/b><\/p>\n<p>This time they came back with a third, Mr. Sheikh, who told them something odd \u2014 \u201cOur boss has seen you, and you have to come with us now\u201d \u2014 and insisted they take a path deeper into the complex. As they walked, she called an editor, who said to leave immediately, but it was too late for that. \u201cCome inside, the prey is here,\u201d Mr. Sheikh called out, and two more men joined them.<\/p>\n<p>The men said that the woman\u2019s colleague was a murder suspect, asked the pair to remove their belts and used them to tie the man up. After that, the woman told the police, \u201cthe third person and a person who had a mustache took me to a place that was like a broken room.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The men had done the same thing a month before, said Mr. Roy, the police commissioner, taking turns raping an 18-year-old call-center worker who, accompanied by her boyfriend, had sprained her ankle and was trying to take a shortcut through the mill. They had done the same thing with a woman who worked as a scavenger in a garbage dump, and a sex worker, and a transvestite, Mr. Roy said.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Sheikh took the broken neck of a beer bottle out of his shirt pocket and thrust it at the young woman, telling her: \u201cYou don\u2019t know what a bastard I am. You\u2019re not the first girl I\u2019ve raped,\u201d she told the police later, according to the charge sheet filed in the case.<\/p>\n<p>On the other side of the wall, her friend heard the woman cry out. \u201cAn inquiry is going on,\u201d the man guarding him said. They went in to her and returned, one by one.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDid you inquire properly?\u201d Mr. Sheikh said to one as he came out.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNo, she\u2019s not talking,\u201d he replied.<\/p>\n<p>So Mr. Sheikh said he would \u201cgo inquire again,\u201d and the rest of them laughed.<\/p>\n<p>At last they brought her out, weeping, and told the two to leave along the railroad tracks. Before releasing her, they threatened to upload video of the attack onto the Internet if she reported the crime, a strategy that had worked with previous victims.<\/p>\n<p>But this one did not hesitate. The two caught a cab to the nearest hospital. There they reported the crime, and the woman\u2019s mother arrived. \u201cI went inside. I saw her there crying,\u201d her mother told the police later. \u201cShe told me in English, \u2018Mummy, I\u2019m vanished.\u2019\u00a0\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The woman did not respond to a request for an interview.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Sheikh, too, saw his mother for a few moments that night. He discussed the rape with her, she said, and tried to explain why it had happened.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI asked Kasim, \u2018Son, why did you do this to her? If it happened to your sister, would you come here and tell me or would you beat him?\u2019\u00a0\u201d said his mother, Chandbibi Sheikh. He told her that his friends had come upon the couple embracing in the mill, and \u201cthey thought: \u2018What is she doing with this boy here? She must be loose.\u2019\u00a0\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She related this exchange from the family\u2019s home, a sort of shelf wedged between a gas station and a garbage dump; as she spoke, a rat the size of a kitten clambered over containers stacked in a corner. She said far too much onus was being put on the men.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cObviously, the fault is the girl\u2019s,\u201d she said. \u201cWhy did she have to go to that jungle? It\u2019s her fault, too. Also, she was wearing skimpy clothes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She did not deny that he had done it. \u201cHe must have,\u201d she said. \u201cHe told me that they tied up the boy who was doing bad things to her and said, \u2018Madam, let us also do it.\u2019 The madam said, \u2018Don\u2019t do it to me, take my mobile, take my camera, but don\u2019t do it to me.\u2019 Her body was uncovered. How could he control himself? And so it happened.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><b>High-Level Response<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Though the men in the mill may not have known it, rape had become a matter of great public import in India, a gauge of a city\u2019s identity. Mumbai\u2019s top officials, who had told themselves that the Delhi gang rape could not have happened here, were horrified and initiated a broad, high-level response, as if an act of terrorism had taken place.<\/p>\n<p>The police lighted up their networks of slum informants and all five were arrested and gave confessions in quick succession. Several made pitiful attempts to escape. Mr. Sheikh\u00a0went to the visitor\u2019s room of a nearby hospital and covered himself with a blanket, trying to blend in with a crowd of relatives. He was caught with 50 rupees, or about 81 cents, in his pocket. When the police asked him to sign his confession, he told them he could not write, so he signed it with a thumbprint.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is incredible how quickly the whole thing unraveled,\u201d said the editor, who was present when the photographer\u2019s colleague picked the first of the five men out of a lineup. A second victim, the call-center worker, came forward, inspired by the first, and said she was ready to testify. The suspects confessed to the other rapes under questioning, the police said.<\/p>\n<p>The public prosecutor selected for the case is famous for prosecuting terrorists, with a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 of 628 life sentences, 30 death sentences and 12 men, as he put it, \u201csent to the gallows.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Much news coverage over the next days zeroed in on the defendants\u2019 poverty, but Mr. Roy shrugged off that line of inquiry. After interrogating the five accused men personally, he said they were \u201csocial outcasts,\u201d not indicative of any deeper tensions in the city.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey were deviants, sociopaths, predators,\u201d he said in an interview. \u201cIf there was a larger socioeconomic framework, these crimes would be happening again and again. It was only these guys. I\u2019m 100 percent sure that this kind of crime doesn\u2019t happen in Mumbai. I\u2019ve been here all my life and have been born and brought up here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But in a constellation of neighborhoods around Mumbai, people are still trying to match up the crime with the ordinary men they knew.<\/p>\n<p>Shahjahan Ansari, the wife of the oldest accused man, Salim Ansari, looked terrified when a stranger appeared at her door, at a hulking, trash-strewn public housing complex beside a petroleum refinery on a distant edge of the city. The neighbors had started to shun the family since Salim\u2019s arrest became public, and she dreaded the extra attention.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe can\u2019t even walk on the street. You don\u2019t understand,\u201d she said. Inside the apartment, she calmed down a little. The whole story baffled her; she said she had no idea who her husband\u2019s friends were or what he did during the day when she went to work cleaning houses. All she knew was that until his arrest, he came home for dinner every night, \u201cHe was to me like any husband is to his wife,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHow do I know how he got into this mess? It must be the Devil,\u201d murmured Salim\u2019s mother, who was sitting on the floor, one eye blind, cloudy white.<\/p>\n<p>Ms. Ansari was remembering better days before her husband lost his job, at a factory that made cardboard boxes. He was so proud of the factory, with its big machines, that he brought his sons to watch him on Sunday shifts. Tonight the younger one was streaked with dust; the older one watched from a cot, glassy-eyed and much smaller than his 10 years, bony limbs folded under his chin. She would try, Ms. Ansari said, to move them somewhere else, to a place where no one knew who their father was.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI want my children to grow up to be good human beings, that\u2019s all,\u201d the mother said.<\/p>\n<p><i>Neha Thirani Bagri contributed reporting. <\/i><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/10\/27\/world\/asia\/gang-rape-in-india-routine-and-invisible.html?_r=0\" >Go to Original \u2013 nytimes.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Mumbai Case, a Group of Assault Suspects Had Little Fear of the Law<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[180],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-brics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35695","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35695"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35695\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35695"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35695"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}