{"id":49024,"date":"2014-10-27T12:00:05","date_gmt":"2014-10-27T12:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=49024"},"modified":"2015-05-05T21:29:36","modified_gmt":"2015-05-05T20:29:36","slug":"understanding-and-defeating-resurgent-fascism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/10\/understanding-and-defeating-resurgent-fascism\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding and Defeating Resurgent Fascism"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Robert<\/a>

Robert J. Burrowes, Ph.D.<\/p><\/div>\n

As fascism is being intruded more widely and deeply into key areas of world politics, it is important to identify this trend, to explain the psychology of fascism and to nominate key elements of any strategy to defeat it.<\/p>\n

Fascism is best known for its rise in Italy under Benito Mussolini and its Nazi manifestation in Germany under Adolf Hitler. However, despite the enormous cost in human lives it took European and other peoples to defeat Nazism in World War II, fascism remains a prevalent, persistent and growing problem in world politics. In fact, while we like to think that modern leaders oppose fascism and the violent behavioral outcomes that arise from it, the reality is that many political and corporate leaders are fascists themselves and support other fascists when elite interests require it. They just don\u2019t use the word \u2018fascist\u2019 to identify themselves and modern political analysts rarely use it either.<\/p>\n

One manifestation of fascism is occurring in eastern Ukraine (and now Kiev) where the United States elite is sponsoring the ongoing genocide of Russian-speaking peoples in support of fascist groups that are directly descended from Nazi groups in World War II. For a taste of the extensive documentation of this point, see Robert Parry \u2018Ukraine\u2019s Neo-Nazis Demand Respect\u2019 http:\/\/consortiumnews.com\/2014\/10\/15\/ukraines-neo-nazis-demand-respect\/<\/a>, Michel Chossudovsky \u2018America\u2019s Neo-Nazi Government in Kiev. Towards a Scenario of Military Escalation\u2019 http:\/\/www.globalresearch.ca\/americas-neo-nazi-government-in-kiev-towards-a-scenario-of-military-escalation\/5380384<\/a>, Michel Chossudovsky \u2018Ukraine and the \u201cPolitics of Anti-Semitism\u201d: The West Upholds Neo-Nazi Repression of Ukraine\u2019s Jewish Community\u2019 http:\/\/www.globalresearch.ca\/ukraine-and-the-politics-of-anti-semitism-west-upholds-neo-nazi-repression-of-ukraines-jewish-community\/5370790<\/a> as well as this video \u2018Ukraine Crisis: What You\u2019re Not Being Told\u2019 http:\/\/www.liveleak.com\/view?i=81d_1403227131<\/a>, this video \u2018Neo-Nazis in Ukraine\u2019<\/p>\n

httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-LKFptM7oOk<\/p>\n

and this video compilation: \u2018US support of violent neo-Nazis in Ukraine\u2019<\/p>\n

httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8-RyOaFwcEw<\/p>\n

Moreover, in a recent video report which also referred to the earlier US-orchestrated genocides in Rwanda and Libya, it becomes clear that \u2018Genocide is just another foreign policy tool for the US\u2019 fascist elite. See \u2018Genocide in Eastern Ukraine\u2019<\/p>\n

httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1JFY6Xug6X8<\/p>\n

Do you think that this description sounds too extreme? Here is the response of the eminent Norwegian peace research scholar Professor Johan Galtung: \u2018US Fascism? Yes, indeed<\/em>; if by fascism we mean use of massive violence for political goals. US fascism takes three forms: global with bombing, droning and sniping all over; domestic with military weapons used across race and class faultlines; and then NSA-National Security Agency spying on everybody.\u2019 See \u2018The Fall of the US Empire – And Then What?\u2019 https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/09\/the-fall-of-the-us-empire-and-then-what\/<\/a><\/p>\n

But the ongoing prevalence of fascism reaches well beyond the United States. The eminent Burmese scholar Dr Maung Zarni notes that fascism \u2018is not encoded genetically or culturally in any people. The word \u201cfascism\u201d is not exclusive to historical discussion of the Germans, Italians, Japanese or for that matter any group with a brutally fascist past\u2026. Just as there were the good Germans and the Nazi Germans, I would argue, there are \u201cNazi Jews\u201d, based on the available evidence of popular and legalized racism in Israel towards ALL Arabs\u2026. What else would we call the Jews of Israel who demand \u201cdeath\u00a0to\u00a0Arabs\u201d?\u2019 See \u2018Stop Playing the Anti-Semitism Card & Get Real about the Rise of Fascism in Israel\u2019 http:\/\/www.maungzarni.net\/2014\/08\/stop-playing-anti-semitism-card-get.html<\/a><\/p>\n

Moreover, as long-time Middle East analyst Dr Franklin Lamb notes, \u2018many Jews feel that the world is against them, and view criticism of Zionist apartheid Israel as a mask for animosity towards Jews\u2019 but, he argues, any \u2018rejection\u2019 is \u2018not at all about Jews, but only about Zionism as a fascist, racist creed\u2019. See \u2018A Nail in Zionism\u2019s Coffin?\u2019 http:\/\/www.countercurrents.org\/lamb020814.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Elsewhere in the world, Dr Maung Zarni has warned about the rise of Buddhist fascism against the Muslim Rohingya in Burma. See \u2018Myanmar\u2019s new Nazis: Wirathu\u2019s \u201cBuddhist\u201d Vision, 969 Islamophobia, strategies and 969 Rakhine-China-connections\u2019 http:\/\/www.maungzarni.net\/2013\/07\/wirathu-and-his-hate-crimes-background.html<\/a> and \u2018Burmese Neo-Nazi Movement Rising Against Muslims\u2019 http:\/\/www.asiasentinel.com\/society\/burmese-neo-nazi-movement-rising-against-muslims\/<\/a> Other examples could be cited.<\/p>\n

There have been many attempts to understand fascism, starting with the early work of Wilhelm Reich The Mass Psychology of Fascism<\/em> http:\/\/www.relatedness.org\/Mass_Psychology_of_Fascism.pdf<\/a>. So what is fascism and what is the underlying psychology of individuals who are fascists?<\/p>\n

Usually, fascism is described as a form of authoritarian nationalism in which a dictator has complete power and violently suppresses opposition and criticism while emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and racism. (If you want to read a 14 point characterization of fascism, see Professor Lawrence Britt\u2019s \u2018Fascism Anyone?\u2019 http:\/\/www.secularhumanism.org\/index.php\/articles\/2710<\/a>) More generally, however, the above definition of Galtung\u2019s highlights its essence. But the psychology of fascists \u2013 those who believe in, and use, \u2018massive violence for political goals\u2019 \u2013 is complex and is a direct outcome of the nature of the extraordinary violence to which they were subjected as children.<\/p>\n

Let me briefly identify the psychological profile of fascists and the specific violence that generates a person with this psychology. For a thorough explanation and elaboration of this point, see \u2018Why Violence?\u2019 http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/whyviolence<\/a> and \u2018Fearless Psychology and Fearful Psychology: Principles and Practice\u2019 http:\/\/anitamckone.wordpress.com\/articles-2\/fearless-and-fearful-psychology\/<\/a><\/p>\n

First, fascists are terrified<\/em> and they are particularly terrified of those individuals who perpetrated violence against them when they were a child although this terror remains unconscious to them. Second, this terror is so extreme that fascists are too terrified to consciously identify to themselves their own perpetrator<\/em> (one or both parents and\/or other significant adults who are supposed to love them<\/em>) and to say that it is this individual or individuals who are violent and wrong.<\/p>\n

Third, because they are terrified, they are unable to defend themselves<\/em> against the original perpetrator(s) but also, as a result, they are unable to defend themselves against other perpetrators who attack them later in life. This lack of capacity to defend themselves leads to the fourth and fifth attributes \u2013 a deep sense of powerlessness<\/em> and a deep sense of self-hatred<\/em>. However, it is too terrifying and painful for the individual to be consciously aware of any of these feelings\/attributes.<\/p>\n

Sixth, because they are terrified of identifying that they are the victim of the violence of their own parents (and\/or other significant adults from their childhood) and that this violence terrified them, fascists unconsciously delude themselves about the identity of their own perpetrator<\/em>. They will unconsciously identify their \u2018perpetrator\u2019 as one or more individuals of whom they are not actually afraid<\/em> from an existing \u2018legitimised victim\u2019 group, such as people from a different race, religion or class. This is also because their unconscious terror and self-hatred compels them to project onto something (that is, people and\/or resources) that is \u2018controllable\u2019 <\/em>(because their original perpetrators never were). For this reason, their victims are (unconsciously) carefully chosen and are always relatively powerless by comparison.<\/p>\n

This is easy to do because, seventh, children who become fascists have been terrorised into accepting a very narrow-minded and dogmatic belief set that excludes consideration of those in other social (including racial, religious or class) groups<\/em>. The idea that they might open-mindedly consider other beliefs, or the rights of those not in the \u2018in-group\u2019, is (unconsciously) terrifying to them. Moreover, because they have been terrorised into adopting their rigid belief set, fascists develop an intense fear of the truth; hence, fascists are both bigoted and self-righteous<\/em>. In addition, the belief set of fascists includes a powerful and violently reinforced \u2018lesson\u2019: \u2018good\u2019 means obedient<\/em>; it does not mean intrinsically good, loving and caring.<\/p>\n

Eighth, and as a result of all of the above, fascists learn to unconsciously project their self-hatred, one outcome of their own victimhood, as hatred for those in the \u2018out-groups\u2019<\/em>. This \u2018justifies\u2019 their (violent) behaviour and obscures their unconscious motivation: to remain unaware of their own suppressed terror and self-hatred.<\/p>\n

Ninth, fascists have a compulsion to be violent<\/em>; that is, they are addicted to it. Why? Because the act of violence allows them to explosively release the suppressed feelings (usually some combination of fear, terror, pain, anger and powerlessness) so that they experience a brief sensation of delusional \u2018relief\u2019. Because the \u2018relief\u2019 is both brief and delusional, they are condemned to repeat their violence endlessly.<\/p>\n

But the compulsion to be violent is reinforced by another element in their belief set, the tenth characteristic: fascists have a delusional belief in the effectiveness and morality of violence<\/em>; they have no capacity to perceive its dysfunctionality and immorality.<\/p>\n

And eleventh, the extreme social terrorisation experience to which fascists have been subjected means that the feelings of love, compassion, empathy and sympathy, as well as the mental function of conscience, are prevented from developing<\/em>. Devoid of conscience and these feelings, fascists can inflict violence on others without experiencing the feedback that conscience and these feelings would provide.<\/p>\n

In theory, of course, fascists can heal from the terror and self-hatred that underpins their psychology. Unfortunately, they are unlikely to have the courage to seek the appropriate emotional support to do so. In the meantime, those of us so inclined must resist their violence and this can be done strategically. See The Strategy of Nonviolent Defense: A Gandhian Approach<\/em> http:\/\/www.sunypress.edu\/p-2176-the-strategy-of-nonviolent-defe.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n

If you wish to join the worldwide movement to end all violence, fascist or otherwise, then you are welcome to sign online \u2018The People\u2019s Charter to Create a Nonviolent World\u2019 http:\/\/thepeoplesnonviolencecharter.wordpress.com<\/a><\/p>\n

In summary: Fascists are terrified and self-hating. But, rather than feel their own cowardice and self-hatred, they unconsciously project this as fear of, and hatred for, the people in one or more \u2018legitimised victim\u2019 groups.<\/p>\n

_____________________________<\/p>\n

Robert Burrowes, Ph.D. is a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment and has a lifetime commitment to understanding and ending human violence. He has done extensive research since 1966 in an effort to understand why human beings are violent and has been a nonviolent activist since 1981. He is the author of \u2018<\/em>Why Violence?\u2018 http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/whyviolence<\/a>. Websites: http:\/\/thepeoplesnonviolencecharter.wordpress.com<\/a> (Charter) http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/flametree<\/a> (Flame Tree Project)\u00a0 http:\/\/anitamckone.wordpress.com<\/a> (Songs of Nonviolence) http:\/\/robertjburrowes.wordpress.com<\/a><\/em>
\nEmail: flametree@riseup.net<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As fascism is being intruded more widely and deeply into key areas of world politics, it is important to identify this trend, to explain the psychology of fascism and to nominate key elements of any strategy to defeat it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-transcend-members"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49024","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49024"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49024\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49024"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49024"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}