{"id":52662,"date":"2015-01-19T12:00:20","date_gmt":"2015-01-19T12:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=52662"},"modified":"2015-05-05T21:26:13","modified_gmt":"2015-05-05T20:26:13","slug":"this-week-in-history-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/01\/this-week-in-history-7\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"

January 19-25 <\/em><\/p>\n

Quote of the Week:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cAt the center of nonviolence stands principle of love.\u201d <\/em>— Martin Luther King, Jr. (Source: http:\/\/www.brainyquote.com\/quotes\/keywords\/non-violence.html<\/a> )<\/p>\n

January 19<\/strong><\/p>\n

1997\u00a0 Yasser Arafat<\/a>\u00a0returns to\u00a0Hebron<\/a>\u00a0after more than 30 years and joins celebrations over the handover of the last Israeli-controlled\u00a0West Bank<\/a>\u00a0city.<\/p>\n

1991\u00a0 Gulf War<\/a>:\u00a0Iraq<\/a>\u00a0fires a second\u00a0Scud<\/a>\u00a0missile into\u00a0Israel<\/a>, causing 15 injuries.<\/p>\n

1986\u00a0 The first\u00a0IBM PC<\/a>\u00a0computer virus<\/a>\u00a0is released into the wild. A boot sector virus dubbed\u00a0(c)Brain<\/a>, it was created by the Farooq Alvi Brothers in\u00a0Lahore<\/a>,\u00a0Pakistan<\/a>, reportedly to deter piracy of the software they had written.<\/p>\n

1986\u00a0 Spain recognizes Israel. For Israel \u2013 Spain relations, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel%E2%80%93Spain_relations<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1983\u00a0 Nazi<\/a>\u00a0war criminal\u00a0Klaus Barbie<\/a>\u00a0is arrested in\u00a0Bolivia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1981\u00a0 Iran Hostage Crisis<\/a>: United States and\u00a0Iranian<\/a>\u00a0officials sign an agreement to release 52 American hostages after 14 months of captivity.<\/p>\n

1974\u00a0 China gain control over all the\u00a0Paracel Islands<\/a>\u00a0after\u00a0a military engagement<\/a>\u00a0between the naval forces of the\u00a0People’s Republic of China<\/a>\u00a0and Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam<\/a>).<\/p>\n

1960\u00a0 Japan and the United States sign the\u00a0US-Japan Mutual Security Treaty<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1957\u00a0 USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test.<\/p>\n

1949\u00a0 Cuba<\/a>\u00a0recognizes\u00a0Israel<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1946\u00a0 General\u00a0Douglas MacArthur<\/a>\u00a0establishes the\u00a0International Military Tribunal for the Far East<\/a>\u00a0in Tokyo to try Japanese\u00a0war criminals<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 World War II:\u00a0Soviet<\/a>\u00a0forces liberate the\u00a0\u0141\u00f3d\u017a ghetto<\/a>. Of more than 200,000 inhabitants in 1940, less than 900 had survived the\u00a0Nazi<\/a>\u00a0occupation.<\/p>\n

1927\u00a0 British government decides to send troops to China. For its background, visit, for instance, http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/time\/1927.htm<\/a> ; and http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Opium_War<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1921\u00a0 Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador sign Pact of Union. For more information on the background of the Union, visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America<\/a> ; and http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Central_America<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1920\u00a0 The\u00a0United States Senate<\/a>\u00a0votes against joining the\u00a0League of Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1915\u00a0 World War I<\/a>: German\u00a0zeppelins<\/a>\u00a0bomb the towns of\u00a0Great Yarmouth<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0King’s Lynn<\/a>\u00a0in the United Kingdom killing more than 20, in the first major aerial bombardment of a civilian target.<\/p>\n

1871\u00a0 Franco-Prussian War<\/a>: In the\u00a0Siege of Paris<\/a>,\u00a0Prussia<\/a>\u00a0wins the\u00a0Battle of St. Quentin<\/a>. Meanwhile, the French attempt to break the siege in the\u00a0Battle of Buzenval<\/a>\u00a0will end unsuccessfully the following day.<\/p>\n

1839\u00a0 The\u00a0British East India Company<\/a>\u00a0captures\u00a0Aden<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1817\u00a0 An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General\u00a0Jos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn<\/a>,\u00a0crosses the Andes<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0Argentina<\/a>\u00a0to liberate\u00a0Chile<\/a>\u00a0and then\u00a0Peru<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1812\u00a0 Peninsular War<\/a>: After a ten-day siege,\u00a0Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington<\/a>, orders British soldiers of the Light and third divisions to storm\u00a0Ciudad Rodrigo<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1806\u00a0 The United Kingdom occupies the\u00a0Cape of Good Hope<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1795\u00a0 The\u00a0Batavian Republic<\/a>\u00a0is proclaimed in the Netherlands bringing to an end the\u00a0Republic of the Seven United Netherlands<\/a>.<\/p>\n

January 20<\/strong><\/p>\n

2001\u00a0 Philippine<\/a>\u00a0president<\/a>\u00a0Joseph Estrada<\/a>\u00a0is ousted in a\u00a0nonviolent 4-day revolution<\/a>, and is succeeded by\u00a0Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1999\u00a0 The\u00a0China News Service<\/a>\u00a0announces new government restrictions on\u00a0Internet<\/a>\u00a0use, aimed especially at\u00a0Internet caf\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1991\u00a0 Sudan<\/a>‘s government imposes\u00a0Islamic law<\/a>\u00a0nationwide, worsening the\u00a0civil war<\/a>\u00a0between the country’s\u00a0Muslim<\/a>\u00a0north and\u00a0Christian<\/a>\u00a0south.<\/p>\n

1986\u00a0 Martin Luther King, Jr.<\/a>\u00a0Day is celebrated as a\u00a0federal holiday<\/a>\u00a0for the first time.<\/p>\n

1981\u00a0 Twenty minutes after\u00a0Ronald Reagan<\/a>\u00a0is inaugurated, at age 69 the oldest man ever to be inaugurated as U.S. President,\u00a0Iran<\/a>\u00a0releases 52\u00a0American hostages<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1972\u00a0 Pakistan launched its\u00a0Nuclear weapons program<\/a>\u00a0few weeks after its defeat in\u00a0Bangladesh Liberation War<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Indo-Pakistani War of 1971<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1949\u00a0 Point Four Program<\/a>\u00a0a program for\u00a0economic aid<\/a>\u00a0to poor countries announced by\u00a0United States<\/a>\u00a0President<\/a>\u00a0Harry S. Truman<\/a>\u00a0in his\u00a0inaugural address<\/a>\u00a0for a full term as President.<\/p>\n

1942\u00a0 World War II<\/a>: At the\u00a0Wannsee Conference<\/a>\u00a0held in the\u00a0Berlin<\/a>\u00a0suburb of\u00a0Wannsee<\/a>, senior\u00a0Nazi German<\/a>\u00a0officials discuss the implementation of the “Final Solution<\/a>\u00a0to theJewish Question<\/a>“. For more information on this issue, visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Final_Solution<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1939\u00a0 Hitler proclaims to German parliament to exterminate all European Jews.<\/p>\n

1925\u00a0 USSR and Japan sign treaty of Peking, Seychelles back to USSR.<\/p>\n

1921\u00a0 The first Constitution of Turkey<\/a>\u00a0is adopted, making fundamental changes in the source and exercise of sovereignty by consecrating the principle of\u00a0national sovereignty<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1887\u00a0 The\u00a0United States Senate<\/a>\u00a0allows the\u00a0Navy<\/a>\u00a0to lease\u00a0Pearl Harbor<\/a>\u00a0as a naval base.<\/p>\n

1877\u00a0 Last day of the\u00a0Constantinople Conference<\/a>\u00a0which resulted in agreement for political reforms in the\u00a0Balkans<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1841\u00a0 Hong Kong Island<\/a>\u00a0is occupied by the\u00a0British<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1785\u00a0 Invading\u00a0Siamese<\/a>\u00a0forces attempt to exploit the political chaos in\u00a0Vietnam<\/a>, but are ambushed and annihilated at the\u00a0Mekong River<\/a>\u00a0by the\u00a0Tay Son<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0Battle of R\u1ea1ch G\u1ea7m-Xo\u00e0i M\u00fat<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1783\u00a0 The\u00a0Kingdom of Great Britain<\/a>\u00a0signs a peace treaty with\u00a0France<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Spain<\/a>, officially ending hostilities in the\u00a0American Revolutionary War<\/a>(also known as the American War of Independence).<\/p>\n

January 21 <\/strong><\/p>\n

1999\u00a0 War on Drugs<\/a>: In one of the largest drug busts in American history, the\u00a0United States Coast Guard<\/a>\u00a0intercepts a ship with over 4,300 kilograms (9,500\u00a0lb) of\u00a0cocaine<\/a>\u00a0on board. On this issue, visit, among others, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allegations_of_CIA_drug_trafficking<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/drugs\/archive\/gunsdrugscia.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.serendipity.li\/cia.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.thenewamerican.com\/usnews\/crime\/item\/12247-cia-%E2%80%9Cmanages%E2%80%9D-drug-trade-mexican-official-says<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.finalcall.com\/artman\/publish\/National_News_2\/Secret_ties_between_CIA_drugs_revealed_2625.shtml<\/a> ; and\/or http:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2014\/11\/07\/the-cia-and-drugs-inc-a-covert-history\/<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1988\u00a0 US accepts immigration of 30,000 U.S. – Vietnamese children. For this issue, visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamese_American<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.asian-nation.org\/amerasians.shtml<\/a> ; and http:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/people\/estella.habal\/courses\/c3\/s1\/asianimmigrationVietnam.pdf<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1977\u00a0 President of the United States<\/a>\u00a0Jimmy Carter<\/a>\u00a0pardons nearly all\u00a0American<\/a>\u00a0Vietnam War<\/a>\u00a0draft evaders, some of whom had emigrated to\u00a0Canada<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1968\u00a0 A\u00a0B-52<\/a>\u00a0bomber\u00a0crashes<\/a>\u00a0near\u00a0Thule Air Base<\/a>, contaminating the area after its nuclear payload ruptures. One of the four bombs remains unaccounted for after the cleanup operation is complete.<\/p>\n

1968\u00a0 Vietnam War<\/a>:\u00a0Battle of Khe Sanh<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins.<\/p>\n

1968\u00a0 US B-52 bomber with nuclear bomb crashes in Greenland. For more information on this issue, visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1968_Thule_Air_Base_B-52_crash<\/a> ; and http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-1084557\/Revealed-How-U-S-left-nuclear-warhead-lying-ocean-B52-crash-1968.html<\/a> ; and http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/story?id=82900&page=1<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1954\u00a0 The first\u00a0nuclear-powered<\/a>\u00a0submarine<\/a>, the\u00a0USS\u00a0Nautilus<\/em><\/a>, is\u00a0launched<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Groton, Connecticut<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0Mamie Eisenhower<\/a>, the\u00a0First Lady of the United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1925\u00a0 Albania<\/a>\u00a0declares itself a republic. For history of Albania, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Albania<\/a> . For Albania and its culture and relevant things, visit, for example, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albania<\/a> ; and\/or http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/albania.html<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1919\u00a0 Meeting of the First\u00a0D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0Mansion House<\/a>\u00a0Dublin<\/a>.\u00a0 Sinn F\u00e9in<\/a>\u00a0adopts\u00a0Ireland<\/a>‘s first constitution. The first engagement of\u00a0Irish War of Independence<\/a>, Sologhead Beg,\u00a0County Tipperary<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1793\u00a0 After being found guilty of treason by the\u00a0French Convention<\/a>,\u00a0Louis XVI of France<\/a>\u00a0is executed by\u00a0guillotine<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1720\u00a0 Sweden<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Prussia<\/a>\u00a0sign the\u00a0Treaty of Stockholm<\/a>.<\/p>\n

January 22 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2003\u00a0 The United Nations reported that there is no link between Al Qaeda and Iraq. On this issue, visit, for instance, http:\/\/rense.com\/general34\/nolink.htm<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/articles\/A47812-2004Jun16.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/articles\/A50679-2004Jun17.html<\/a> ; and\/or http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/5223932\/ns\/us_news-security\/t\/panel-sees-no-link-between-iraq-al-qaida\/#.VLjlOSvF-wU<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1995\u00a0 Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict<\/a>:\u00a0Beit Lid massacre<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 In central\u00a0Israel<\/a>, near\u00a0Netanya<\/a>, two\u00a0suicide bombers<\/a>\u00a0from the\u00a0Gaza Strip<\/a>\u00a0blow themselves up at a military transit point killing 19 Israelis.<\/p>\n

1992\u00a0 Rebel forces occupy\u00a0Zaire<\/a>‘s national radio station in\u00a0Kinshasa<\/a>\u00a0and broadcast a demand for the government’s resignation.<\/p>\n

1991\u00a0 Gulf War<\/a>: Three\u00a0SCUDs<\/a>\u00a0and one\u00a0Patriot missile<\/a>\u00a0hit\u00a0Ramat Gan<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Israel<\/a>, injuring 96 people. Three elderly people die of heart attacks.<\/p>\n

1989\u00a0 USSR performs nuclear test at Semipalitinsk, Eastern Kazakhstan USSR.<\/p>\n

1971\u00a0 The\u00a0Singapore Declaration<\/a>, one of the two most important documents to the\u00a0uncodified constitution<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0Commonwealth of Nations<\/a>, is issued.<\/p>\n

1968\u00a0 Operation Igloo White<\/a>, a US electronic surveillance system to stop\u00a0communist infiltration<\/a>\u00a0into\u00a0South Vietnam<\/a>\u00a0begins installation.<\/p>\n

1963\u00a0 The\u00a0\u00c9lys\u00e9e Treaty<\/a>\u00a0of cooperation between France and Germany is signed by\u00a0Charles de Gaulle<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Konrad Adenauer<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1962\u00a0 The\u00a0Organization of American States<\/a>\u00a0suspends\u00a0Cuba<\/a>‘s membership.<\/p>\n

1957\u00a0 Israel<\/a>\u00a0withdraws from the\u00a0Sinai Peninsula<\/a>. In this regard, visit, for instance, http:\/\/famousdaily.com\/history\/israel-withdraws-from-the-sinai-peninsula.html<\/a> ; and http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1957_in_Israel<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1946\u00a0 Creation of the\u00a0Central Intelligence Group<\/em>, forerunner of the\u00a0Central Intelligence Agency<\/a>. For the early history of CIA, visit http:\/\/www.policyalmanac.org\/world\/archive\/cia_history.shtml<\/a> ; and\/or http:\/\/fas.org\/irp\/cia\/ciahist.htm<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1946\u00a0 In\u00a0Iran<\/a>,\u00a0Qazi Muhammad<\/a>\u00a0declares the independent people’s\u00a0Republic of Mahabad<\/a>\u00a0at\u00a0Chuwarchira Square<\/a>\u00a0in the Kurdish city of\u00a0Mahabad<\/a>. He is the new president andHadschi Baba Scheich<\/a>\u00a0is the\u00a0prime minister<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1917\u00a0 World War I<\/a>:\u00a0President<\/a>\u00a0Woodrow Wilson<\/a>\u00a0of the still-neutral United States calls for “peace without victory” in Europe.<\/p>\n

1879 Anglo-Zulu War: (1) \u00a0Battle of Isandlwana<\/a>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Zulu<\/a>\u00a0troops decisively defeat British troops. (2) \u00a0Battle of Rorke’s Drift<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 139\u00a0British soldiers<\/a>\u00a0successfully defend their\u00a0garrison<\/a>\u00a0against an onslaught by three to four thousand\u00a0Zulu<\/a>\u00a0warriors.<\/p>\n

1863\u00a0 The\u00a0January Uprising<\/a>\u00a0breaks out in Poland,\u00a0Lithuania<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Belarus<\/a>. The aim of the national movement is to regain\u00a0Polish\u2013Lithuanian\u2013Ruthenian Commonwealth<\/a>\u00a0from occupation by Russia.<\/p>\n

1849\u00a0 Second Anglo-Sikh War<\/a>: The\u00a0Siege of Multan<\/a>\u00a0ends after nine months when the last\u00a0Sikh<\/a>\u00a0defenders of\u00a0Multan<\/a>,\u00a0Punjab<\/a>, surrender.<\/p>\n

1824\u00a0 The\u00a0Ashantis<\/a>\u00a0defeat British forces in the\u00a0Gold Coast<\/a>.<\/p>\n

January 23 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2012\u00a0 A group of\u00a0Gaddafi loyalists<\/a>\u00a0take control of part of the town of\u00a0Bani Walid<\/a>\u00a0and fly the\u00a0green flag<\/a>\u00a0after a\u00a0battle with NTC forces<\/a>\u00a0left 5 dead and 20 injured.<\/p>\n

2012\u00a0 Responding to Iran’s nuclear program, more sanctions are imposed upon Iran’s banking and oil industries by the European Union.<\/p>\n

2002\u00a0 Reporter\u00a0Daniel Pearl<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0kidnapped<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Karachi<\/a>,\u00a0Pakistan<\/a>\u00a0and subsequently\u00a0murdered<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

2001\u00a0 Five people attempt to\u00a0set themselves on fire<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Beijing<\/a>‘s\u00a0Tiananmen Square<\/a>, an act that many people later claim is staged by the\u00a0Communist Party of China<\/a>\u00a0to frameFalun Gong<\/a>\u00a0and thus escalate their\u00a0persecution<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1987\u00a0 Japan 1st exceeds military spending cap of 1% of GNP ($23 billion). Regarding Japan\u2019s military spending, especially that of the fiscal year 2015, for instance, visit http:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics-Economy\/Policy-Politics\/Defense-spending-to-hit-record-high<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1973\u00a0 \u00a0President<\/a>\u00a0Richard Nixon<\/a>\u00a0announces that a peace accord has been reached in\u00a0Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1970\u00a0 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.<\/p>\n

1968\u00a0 \u00a0North Korea<\/a>\u00a0seizes the\u00a0USS\u00a0Pueblo<\/em><\/a>, claiming the ship had violated its\u00a0territorial waters<\/a>\u00a0while spying.<\/p>\n

1967\u00a0 Diplomatic relations<\/a>\u00a0between the\u00a0Soviet Union<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0C\u00f4te d’Ivoire<\/a>\u00a0are established.<\/p>\n

1963\u00a0 The\u00a0Guinea-Bissau War of Independence<\/a>\u00a0officially begins when\u00a0PAIGC<\/a>\u00a0guerrilla fighters attack the\u00a0Portuguese army<\/a>\u00a0stationed in\u00a0Tite<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1958\u00a0 After a general uprising and rioting in the streets,\u00a0President<\/a>\u00a0Marcos P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez<\/a>\u00a0leaves\u00a0Venezuela<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1950\u00a0 The\u00a0Knesset<\/a>\u00a0passes a resolution that states\u00a0Jerusalem<\/a>\u00a0is the capital of\u00a0Israel<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1946\u00a0 Rear Admiral Sidney W Souers, USNR, becomes 1st director of CIA. For more information on the Director of CIA, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency<\/a>; and\/or http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Director_of_Central_Intelligence<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1941\u00a0 Charles Lindbergh<\/a>\u00a0testifies before the\u00a0U.S. Congress<\/a>\u00a0and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with\u00a0Adolf Hitler<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1937\u00a0 In\u00a0Moscow<\/a>, 17 leading\u00a0Communists<\/a>\u00a0go on trial accused of participating in a plot led by\u00a0Leon Trotsky<\/a>\u00a0to overthrow\u00a0Joseph Stalin<\/a>‘s regime and assassinate its leaders.<\/p>\n

1920\u00a0 The\u00a0Netherlands<\/a>\u00a0refuses to surrender the exiled\u00a0Kaiser Wilhelm II<\/a>\u00a0of Germany to the\u00a0Allies<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1912\u00a0 The\u00a0International Opium Convention<\/a>\u00a0is signed at\u00a0The Hague<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1912\u00a0 The\u00a0International Opium Convention<\/a>\u00a0is signed at\u00a0The Hague<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1908\u00a0 US and Great Britain demand end of abuses in Congo. For more information on this issue, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congo_Free_State<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1900\u00a0 Second Boer War<\/a>: The\u00a0Battle of Spion Kop<\/a>\u00a0between the forces of the\u00a0South African Republic<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0Orange Free State<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0British<\/a>\u00a0forces ends in a British defeat.<\/p>\n

1879\u00a0 Anglo-Zulu War<\/a>: the\u00a0Battle of Rorke’s Drift<\/a>\u00a0ends.<\/p>\n

1870\u00a0 In\u00a0Montana<\/a>, US cavalrymen kill 173\u00a0Native Americans<\/a>, mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the\u00a0Marias Massacre<\/a>.<\/p>\n

January 24 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2014\u00a0 \u00a0The\u00a0Philippines<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0Bangsamoro<\/a>\u00a0agree to a\u00a0peace deal<\/a>\u00a0that would help end the 45-year conflict.<\/p>\n

2013\u00a0 European Bioinformatics Institute scientists have successfully stored audio and text on fragments of DNA, and retrieved them with 99.99% accuracy – the first time in history DNA has been used for data storage. Visit http:\/\/www.live2hustle.net\/fam\/archive\/index.php\/t-994533.html<\/a> ; and http:\/\/greatriversofhope.wordpress.com\/tag\/european-bioinformatics-institute\/<\/a> .<\/p>\n

2003\u00a0 The\u00a0United States Department of Homeland Security<\/a>\u00a0officially begins operation.<\/p>\n

1996\u00a0 Polish<\/a>\u00a0Prime Minister<\/a>\u00a0J\u00f3zef Oleksy<\/a>\u00a0resigns amid charges that he spied for\u00a0Moscow<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1993\u00a0 Turkish<\/a>\u00a0journalist and writer\u00a0U\u011fur Mumcu<\/a>\u00a0is assassinated by a\u00a0car bomb<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Ankara<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1979\u00a0 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.<\/p>\n

1978\u00a0 Soviet<\/a>\u00a0satellite\u00a0Cosmos 954<\/a>, with a nuclear reactor on board, burns up in Earth’s atmosphere, scattering radioactive debris over\u00a0Canada<\/a>‘s\u00a0Northwest Territories<\/a>. Only 1% is recovered.<\/p>\n

1977\u00a0 Massacre of Atocha<\/a>\u00a0in Madrid, during the\u00a0Spanish transition to democracy<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1972\u00a0 Japanese<\/a>\u00a0Sgt.\u00a0Shoichi Yokoi<\/a>\u00a0is found hiding in a\u00a0Guam<\/a>\u00a0jungle, where he had been\u00a0since the end of World War II<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1968\u00a0 Vietnam War<\/a>: The\u00a01st Australian Task Force<\/a>\u00a0launches\u00a0Operation Coburg<\/a>\u00a0against the\u00a0North Vietnamese Army<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Viet Cong<\/a>\u00a0during wider fighting around\u00a0Long B\u00ecnh<\/a>and\u00a0Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1961\u00a0 1961 Goldsboro B-52 crash<\/a>: A bomber carrying two H-bombs breaks up in mid-air over North Carolina. The uranium core of one weapon remains lost.<\/p>\n

1960\u00a0 Algerian War<\/a>: Some units of European volunteers in\u00a0Algiers<\/a>\u00a0stage an insurrection known as the “barricades week”, during which they seize government buildings and clash with local police.<\/p>\n

1951\u00a0 UN begins counter offensive in Korea. For the Korean War, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War<\/a> . For the timeline of the Korean War events, visit http:\/\/www.koreanwar60.com\/timeline-korean-war-events<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1946\u00a0 The\u00a0United Nations General Assembly<\/a>\u00a0passes its first resolution to establish the\u00a0United Nations Atomic Energy Commission<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1943\u00a0 World War II<\/a>:\u00a0Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Winston Churchill<\/a>\u00a0conclude a\u00a0conference in Casablanca<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1943\u00a0 Hitler orders Nazi troops at Stalingrad to fight to death. Visit http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/people\/adolf-hitler<\/a> . For the Battle of Stalingrad, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Stalingrad<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1943\u00a0 Jewish patients\/nurses\/doctors incinerated at Auschwitz-Birkenau. On this regard, visit, for reference and information, http:\/\/en.auschwitz.org\/h\/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=15&limit=1&limitstart=4<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.holocaustresearchproject.org\/nazioccupation\/apeldoornsebos.html<\/a> ; anhttp:\/\/www.spectacle.org\/695\/doctors.html<\/a> ; and http:\/\/www.auschwitz.dk\/doctors.htm<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1900\u00a0 Second Boer War<\/a>:\u00a0Boers<\/a>\u00a0stop a British attempt to break the\u00a0Siege of Ladysmith<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0Battle of Spion Kop<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1835\u00a0 Slaves in\u00a0Salvador da Bahia<\/a>, Brazil,\u00a0stage a revolt<\/a>, which is instrumental in ending slavery there 50 years later. For history of slavery in Brazil, visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slavery_in_Brazil<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.unc.edu\/world\/2010Seminars\/Caldwell_Brazil.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/histclo.com\/country\/other\/bra\/hist\/bh-abol.html<\/a> ; and http:\/\/wn.com\/history_of_slavery_in_brazil<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1817\u00a0 Crossing of the Andes<\/a>: Many soldiers of\u00a0Juan Gregorio de las Heras<\/a>\u00a0are captured during the\u00a0Action of Picheuta<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1758\u00a0 \u00a0During the\u00a0Seven Years’ War<\/a>\u00a0the leading burghers of\u00a0K\u00f6nigsberg<\/a>\u00a0submit to\u00a0Elizabeth I of Russia<\/a>, thus forming\u00a0Russian Prussia<\/a>\u00a0(until 1763).<\/p>\n

January 25 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2011\u00a0 The\u00a0first wave<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0Egyptian revolution<\/a>\u00a0begins in\u00a0Egypt<\/a>, with a series of street demonstrations, marches, rallies, acts of civil disobedience, riots, labour strikes, and violent clashes in\u00a0Cairo<\/a>,\u00a0Alexandria<\/a>, and throughout other cities in Egypt.<\/p>\n

2003\u00a0 2003 Invasion of Iraq<\/a>: A group of people leave\u00a0London<\/a>,\u00a0England<\/a>, for\u00a0Baghdad<\/a>,\u00a0Iraq<\/a>, to\u00a0serve as human shields<\/a>, intending to prevent the\u00a0U.S.<\/a>-led\u00a0coalition<\/a>\u00a0troops from bombing certain locations.<\/p>\n

1998\u00a0 A suicide attack by the\u00a0Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam<\/a>\u00a0on\u00a0Sri Lanka<\/a>‘s\u00a0Temple of the Tooth<\/a>\u00a0kills eight and injures 25 others.<\/p>\n

1995\u00a0 The\u00a0Norwegian rocket incident<\/a>:\u00a0Russia<\/a>\u00a0almost launches a\u00a0nuclear<\/a>\u00a0attack after it mistakes\u00a0Black Brant XII<\/a>, a\u00a0Norwegian<\/a>\u00a0research rocket, for a US\u00a0Trident<\/a>\u00a0missile.<\/p>\n

1986\u00a0 The\u00a0National Resistance Movement<\/a>\u00a0topples the government of\u00a0Tito Okello<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Uganda<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1983\u00a0 Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie arrested in Bolivia. For Klaus Barbie, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klaus_Barbie<\/a> . For his trial, visit http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/barbietrial.html<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1971\u00a0 \u00a0Idi Amin<\/a>\u00a0leads a\u00a0coup<\/a>\u00a0deposing\u00a0Milton Obote<\/a>\u00a0and becomes\u00a0Uganda<\/a>‘s president.<\/p>\n

1969\u00a0 Brazilian Army<\/a>\u00a0captain\u00a0Carlos Lamarca<\/a>\u00a0deserts in order to fight against the\u00a0military dictatorship<\/a>, taking with him 10 machine guns and 63 rifles.<\/p>\n

1955\u00a0 The\u00a0Soviet Union<\/a>\u00a0ends the state of war with Germany.<\/p>\n

1955\u00a0 United States and Panama sign canal treaty. For more information on this treaty, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Remon-Eisenhower_Treaty<\/a> . For the Panama Canal, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama_Canal<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/facility\/panama-canal-strategic.htm<\/a> ; and\/or http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/spot\/pancanal1.html<\/a> . For Panama \u2013 the US relations, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama%E2%80%93United_States_relations<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1942\u00a0 World War II<\/a>:\u00a0Thailand<\/a>\u00a0declares war on the\u00a0United States<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0United Kingdom<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1932\u00a0 Second Sino-Japanese War<\/a>: The\u00a0Chinese<\/a>\u00a0National Revolutionary Army<\/a>\u00a0begins its defense<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0Harbin<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1919\u00a0 The\u00a0League of Nations<\/a>\u00a0is founded.<\/p>\n

1918\u00a0 Ukraine<\/a>\u00a0declares independence from\u00a0Bolshevik<\/a>\u00a0Russia<\/a>. For history of Ukraine, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Ukraine<\/a> . For the relations between Ukraine and Russia, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1918\u00a0 Russia declared a republic of Soviets. Visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic#Early_years_.281917.E2.80.9320.29<\/a> . For the Russian Constitution of 1918 (the \u00a0Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic<\/a> ), visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Constitution_of_1918<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1916\u00a0 Montenegro surrenders to Austria-Hungary. For the historical events of Montenegro, visit http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/countries\/montenegro<\/a> . For Montenegro, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montenegro<\/a> . For Austria-Hungary (Austro-Hungarian Empire), visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1802\u00a0 Napoleon elected president of Italian (Cisalpine) Republic. For more information, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_Republic_(Napoleonic)<\/a> and\/or http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cisalpine_Republic<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1765\u00a0 Port Egmont<\/a>, the first British settlement in the\u00a0Falkland Islands<\/a>\u00a0at the southern tip of\u00a0South America<\/a>, is founded.<\/p>\n

_______________________________<\/p>\n

(Sources and references: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/January_19<\/a> to January_25 ; http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/january_19.html<\/a> to junary_25 ; http:\/\/www.datesinhistory.com\/jan19.php<\/a> to jan25.php and other relevant websites and\/or documents, mentioned above.) <\/em><\/p>\n

Satoshi Ashikaga is a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment, originally from Japan.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

January 19-25 – Quote of the Week: \u201cAt the center of nonviolence stands principle of love.\u201d — Martin Luther King, Jr. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52662"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52662\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}