{"id":52767,"date":"2015-01-26T12:00:33","date_gmt":"2015-01-26T12:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=52767"},"modified":"2015-05-05T21:26:11","modified_gmt":"2015-05-05T20:26:11","slug":"france-begins-jailing-people-for-ironic-comments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/01\/france-begins-jailing-people-for-ironic-comments\/","title":{"rendered":"France Begins Jailing People for Ironic Comments"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_52769\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/charlie-hebdo-cest-de-la-merde.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-52769\" class=\"wp-image-52769\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/charlie-hebdo-cest-de-la-merde.jpg\" alt=\"Mock Charlie Hebdo cover circulated after the murder of the magazine\u2019s cartoonists. The text says \u201cCharlie Hebdo is shit. It doesn\u2019t stop bullets.\u201d\" width=\"400\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/charlie-hebdo-cest-de-la-merde.jpg 618w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/charlie-hebdo-cest-de-la-merde-236x300.jpg 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-52769\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mock Charlie Hebdo cover circulated after the murder of the magazine\u2019s cartoonists. The text says \u201cCharlie Hebdo is shit. It doesn\u2019t stop bullets.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n<p>It may sound like an ironic joke, but it isn\u2019t. Less than a week after the massive rallies in defense of \u201cfree expression,\u201d following the murders of the <em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em> cartoonists, French authorities have jailed a youth for irony.<\/p>\n<p>The arrest is part of a harsh crackdown on free speech in the country that has prompted criticism from national and international human rights organizations.<\/p>\n<p>A 16-year-old high school student was taken into police custody on Thursday [15 Jan 2015] and indicted for \u201cdefending terrorism,\u201d national broadcaster France 3 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr\/pays-de-la-loire\/2015\/01\/17\/charlie-hebdo-nantes-un-adolescent-de-16-ans-poursuivi-pour-apologie-du-terrorisme-sur-facebook-634720.html\" >reports<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>His alleged crime? He posted on Facebook a cartoon \u201crepresenting a person holding the magazine <em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em>, being hit by bullets, and accompanied by an \u2018ironic\u2019 comment,\u201d France 3 states.<\/p>\n<p>The teen lives at home with his parents, has no prior judicial record and, according to prosecutor Yvon Ollivier <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ouest-france.fr\/apologie-du-terrorisme-un-lyceen-nantais-poursuivi-pour-un-dessin-3119401\" >quoted by French media<\/a>, he does not have a \u201cprofile suggesting an evolution toward jihadism.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The boy told prosecutors that he posted the cartoon because he thought it was \u201cfunny.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The media reports do not include the drawing \u2013 presumably that could put journalists afoul of the law. So we do not know for sure what the youth is accused of sharing.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_52768\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/charlie-hebdo-le-coran-cest-de-la-merde.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-52768\" class=\"wp-image-52768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/charlie-hebdo-le-coran-cest-de-la-merde.jpg\" alt=\"An actual Charlie Hebdo from July 2013 caused outrage for mocking Egyptian protestors killed after the military coup. The text says \u201cThe Quran is shit. It doesn\u2019t stop bullets.\u201d\" width=\"400\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/charlie-hebdo-le-coran-cest-de-la-merde.jpg 618w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/charlie-hebdo-le-coran-cest-de-la-merde-236x300.jpg 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-52768\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An actual Charlie Hebdo from July 2013 caused outrage for mocking Egyptian protestors killed after the military coup. The text says \u201cThe Quran is shit. It doesn\u2019t stop bullets.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n<p>But the cartoon at the top of this page fits the description precisely. It was widely shared on social media, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/quenelplus.com\/quenel-actu\/charlie-hebdo-cest-de-la-merde-ca-narrete-pas-les-balles.html\" >published on 7 January<\/a> on the website of the controversial French comedian <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/electronicintifada.net\/tags\/dieudonne\" >Dieudonn\u00e9<\/a>. It is a mock <em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em> cover by the cartoonist Dedko.<\/p>\n<p>The text says \u201c<em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em> is shit. It does not stop bullets.\u201d It appears quite heartless and cruel, but look at the copy of <em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em> that the person in the cartoon is holding.<\/p>\n<p>It represents a real <em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em> cover that was published in July 2013, days after the military coup in Egypt. It caused outrage at the time because of its cruelty and insensitivity.<\/p>\n<p>It shows an Egyptian protestor being shot through a copy of the Quran he is holding. The text says, \u201cThe Quran is shit, it doesn\u2019t stop bullets.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Assuming that the mock <em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em> cover is the one shared by the youth on Facebook, this incident sums up the sheer hypocrisy of France\u2019s current national mood.<\/p>\n<p>Anything mocking and denigrating Islam and Muslims is venerated as courageous free speech, while anything mocking those who engage in such denigration \u2013 even using precisely the same techniques \u2013 can get you locked up.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wave of arrests<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cA string of at least 69 arrests in France this week on the vague charge of \u2018defending terrorism\u2019 (\u2018<em>l\u2019apologie du terrorisme<\/em>\u2019) risks violating freedom of expression,\u201d Amnesty International said in an understated <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/news\/france-faces-litmus-test-freedom-expression-dozens-arrested-wake-attacks-2015-01-16\" >press release<\/a> on Friday.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAll the arrests appear to be on the basis of statements made in the aftermath of the deadly attacks against the magazine <em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em>, a kosher supermarket and security forces in Paris on 7 and 9 January,\u201d the human rights group added.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSome of the recently reported cases in France may cross the high threshold of expression that can legitimately be prosecuted,\u201d Amnesty said. \u201cOthers, however offensive the statements made, do not.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>As <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/electronicintifada.net\/blogs\/ali-abunimah\/whos-charlie-france-cracks-down-free-speech-order-defend-it\" >previously reported<\/a>, the most high profile arrest was of Dieudonn\u00e9 himself \u2013 also apparently for an ironic comment.<\/p>\n<p>Many of the arrests are simply absurd, and it is impossible to imagine what purpose they could serve other than to allow the French government to look tough amid an increasingly right-wing and xenophobic political atmosphere, and to satisfy a desire in some sections of the public and media for scapegoats.<\/p>\n<p>They include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr\/pays-de-la-loire\/2015\/01\/17\/charlie-hebdo-nantes-un-adolescent-de-16-ans-poursuivi-pour-apologie-du-terrorisme-sur-facebook-634720.html\" >A 14-year-old girl<\/a> charged with \u201cdefending terrorism.\u201d She allegedly shouted at a tram conductor: \u201cWe are the Kouachi sisters, we\u2019re going to grab our Kalashnikovs.\u201d Cherif and Said Kouachi are two French brothers authorities say carried out the <em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em> attack.<\/li>\n<li>A 21-year-old was caught without a ticket on a tram, and subsequently sentenced to ten months in prison for allegedly saying, \u201cThe Kouachi brothers is just the beginning; I should have been with them to kill more people,\u201d\u00a0according to Amnesty International.<\/li>\n<li>In the northern city of Lille, authorities <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/region\/apologie-du-terrorisme-a-lille-un-agent-de-la-ville-mis-ia19b0n2606382\" >suspended three school workers<\/a> for allegedly refusing to observe a moment of silence in honor of the victims of the attacks, and then justifying their action. One is being <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.metronews.fr\/lille\/lille-un-animateur-suspendu-nie-avoir-fait-l-apologie-du-terrorisme\/moar%21lIlRlwBLYmFNE\/\" >charged<\/a> with \u201cdefending terrorism.\u201d The accused denies that he refused to respect the minute of silence, but said he did \u201cdebate it with colleagues outside work hours.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>In Paris, one man who was drunk and another who suffers psychiatric problems were jailed for fourteen and three months respectively for \u201cdefending terrorism\u201d for comments they made. A third was jailed for fifteen months and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/faits-divers\/apologie-du-terrorisme-deux-peines-de-prison-ferme-prononcees-a-paris-15-01-2015-4449985.php\" >court ordered that their sentences begin immediately<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>In Bordeaux, police carried out a traffic stop. A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sudouest.fr\/2015\/01\/16\/bordeaux-tribunal-jugee-pour-apologie-du-terrorisme-elle-regrette-ses-propos-1799583-2780.php\" >very drunk 18-year-old passenger<\/a> in the car allegedly hurled abuse at the police and made comments sympathetic to the <em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em> attackers. She was charged with \u201cdefending terrorism\u201d and sentenced to 210 hours of community service. Prosecutors had asked for a four-month jail term.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In almost every case where a name is provided, those arrested would appear to be of North African ancestry \u2013 suggesting that France\u2019s crackdown is quite targeted.<\/p>\n<p>If it is not calculated to further alienate the country\u2019s large, young population of French citizens whose parents or grandparents came from the former colonies, there\u2019s a good chance it will do that anyway.<\/p>\n<p>The cases also suggest a pattern where minor encounters with police \u2013 with drunks and youths \u2013 quickly escalate into \u201cterrorism\u201d-related accusations. The fact that young people of color have long complained that they are targeted by police means that they are going to be disproportionately more vulnerable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Double standard<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Amnesty says the crackdown followed a circular sent to prosecutors on 12 January by justice minister Christiane Taubira instructing them that \u201cwords or wrongdoing, hatred or contempt, uttered or committed against someone because of their religion must be fought and pursued with great vigor.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Although they might exist, I have yet to see cases of people being charged or jailed for anti-Muslim or other kinds of racist or bigoted comments under the \u201cdefending terrorism\u201d law.<\/p>\n<p>After the attacks, prominent journalist Philippe Tesson took to the airwaves of Europe 1, one of France\u2019s biggest radio stations, and declared that Muslims were responsible for threatening the country\u2019s vaunted secularism.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s the Muslims who bring the shit to France these days,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>While a private citizen has <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/societe\/article\/2015\/01\/16\/philippe-tesson-serait-vise-par-une-plainte-apres-ses-propos-sur-les-musulmans_4558129_3224.html\" >reportedly brought a legal complaint against Tesson<\/a> for \u201cinciting racial hatred,\u201d the authorities have not charged him with a crime.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e9cile Duflot, a Green Party legislator, noticed the discrepancy and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CecileDuflot\/status\/555659768246071296\" >urged<\/a> that \u201cthe reaction to the foul Islamophobic words of Philippe Tesson should be much stronger.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>(Update: <em>Le Parisien<\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/faits-divers\/propos-sur-l-islam-philippe-tesson-vise-par-une-enquete-pour-provocation-a-haine-19-01-2015-4459641.php\" >reports today<\/a>, Monday, that Paris prosecutors have opened an inquiry into Tesson on suspicion of \u201cinciting hatred.\u201d)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cIslamophobic\u201d murder<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Monitoring groups have collected reports of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.itele.fr\/france\/video\/vague-dislamophobie-en-france-au-moins-83-actes-antimusulmans-recenses-107197\" >at least 83 Islamophobic threats and attacks in France<\/a> since the <em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em> attack.<\/p>\n<p>There were at least 21 incidents of shots or grenades being fired at buildings.<\/p>\n<p>Police are investigating if the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/moroccan-man-murdered-islamophobic-attack-france-001932146.html\" >murder of Mohammed El Makouli<\/a>, a Moroccan man in the eastern town of Beaucet, was motivated by anti-Muslim hatred.<\/p>\n<p>El-Makouli was stabbed seventeen times by a neighbor who invaded his home, allegedly shouting anti-Muslim slogans. El-Makouli\u2019s wife was injured and his young son escaped the attack.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Draconian law<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It may seem surprising that French authorities can charge and jail people so quickly. These summary trials and long custodial terms are the result of a change in the law last November in which the charge of \u201cdefending terrorism\u201d became a criminal offense subject to fast-track trials.<\/p>\n<p>Last week France\u2019s Human Rights League <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldh-france.org\/deja-50-poursuites-engagees-au-penal-apologie-du-terrorisme\/\" >said<\/a> that when the change in the law was being debated, it had \u201cdemonstrated that it would be ineffective for security, dangerous for liberties and damaging to the credibility of the justice system.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The organization said that the slew of summary convictions of \u201cdrunks and fools\u201d vindicated its warnings.<\/p>\n<p>Many of these people are now likely to end up on the state\u2019s planned \u201cantiterrorist register.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prosecution for song and book<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prosecutions for expression do not take place only under the \u201cdefending terrorism\u201d law. This week the rapper Sa\u00efdou of the band Z.E.P. and the sociologist Sa\u00efd Bouamama will be indicted in Lille for \u201cpublic insult\u201d and \u201cincitement to discrimination, hate, or violence.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The prosecution was brought by a right-wing nationalist group, as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mrzine.monthlyreview.org\/2015\/zep130115.html\" ><em>MR Zine<\/em> reports<\/a>, because of Sa\u00efd\u2019s book <em>Fuck France<\/em> and a Z.E.P. song with the same title.<\/p>\n<p>httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KdA2j4oU7v8<\/p>\n<p>The song\u2019s refrain states: \u201cFuck France and its colonialist past, its paternalist smells, stenches, and reflexes. Fuck France and its imperialist history, its capitalist walls, fortresses and delusions.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Z.E.P., ironically, stands for \u201cZone d\u2019expression populaire\u201d \u2013 Popular Expression Zone. But irony is now a crime in France.<\/p>\n<p>It is a matter of time before these laws are used with renewed vigor against a whole range of speech that might upset the French state, especially those who advocate for Palestinian rights and for the boycott of Israel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cObsessive pounding on Muslims\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>With all I\u2019ve read since the Paris attacks, a few items stand out as particularly thoughtful and informative.<\/p>\n<p>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/posthypnotic.randomstatic.net\/charliehebdo\/Charlie_Hebdo_article%2011.htm\" >2013 piece by Olivier Cyran<\/a>, a former journalist at <em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em>, traces the magazine\u2019s descent into an obsessive bigotry against Muslims in the years since the 11 September 2001 attacks.<\/p>\n<p>The piece, in the form of an open letter to the magazine\u2019s editor St\u00e9phane Charbonnier, is an important rejoinder to the pervasive claims that <em>Charlie Hebdo<\/em> irreverently targeted everyone and that Muslims are just too sensitive.<\/p>\n<p>Charbonnier is one of the cartoonists who was murdered.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe obsessive pounding on Muslims to which your weekly has devoted itself for more than a decade has had very real effects,\u201d Cyran wrote to Charbonnier.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt has powerfully contributed to popularizing, among \u2018left-wing\u2019 opinion, the idea that Islam is a major \u2018problem\u2019 in French society. That belittling Muslims is no longer the sole privilege of the extreme right, but a \u2018right to offend\u2019 which is sanctified by secularism, the Republic, by \u2018co-existence.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Myths of French secularism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cCommentators in France and elsewhere have taken the recent terrorist attacks in Paris as an occasion to reflect more broadly about Muslims in France,\u201d observes Mayanthi Fernando, a professor of anthropology at University of California, Santa Cruz.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMany read the attacks as a sign of French Muslims\u2019 refusal to integrate. They\u2019ve asked whether Muslims can be fully secular and expressed doubt as to whether one can be both Muslim and French,\u201d Fernando says in an article for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-french-myth-of-secularism-36227\" ><em>The Conversation<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>She warns, \u201cwe should be wary of myths about French secularism (<em>la\u00efcit\u00e9<\/em>) and French citizenship being spun in the aftermath of the attacks.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Fernando notes that despite its ostensible <em>la\u00efcit\u00e9<\/em>, the French state has always privileged some religious groups. But when Muslims ask for the same accommodations others receive, \u201cthey are reminded that France is a secular country where proper citizenship requires separating religion from public life.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>All of this happens, Fernando notes, in a country where research demonstrates \u201cnonwhite immigrants and their descendants as a group suffer systematic discrimination on the basis of their race, culture and religion.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Although Muslims are <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/news\/datablog\/2011\/jan\/28\/muslim-population-country-projection-2030\" >7.5 percent<\/a> of the general population in France, they are <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/briefing\/21639540-attacks-charlie-hebdo-and-kosher-supermarket-brought-french-together-unity\" >60 percent of the prison population<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cIslam in Liberalism\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The broader debates about \u201cIslam\u201d and \u201cdemocracy\u201d or \u201cIslam\u201d and \u201csecularism\u201d are tackled in Joseph Massad\u2019s new must-read book <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.press.uchicago.edu\/ucp\/books\/book\/chicago\/I\/bo19211851.html\" ><em>Islam in Liberalism<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Massad argues that \u201cAmerican and European missionaries of liberalism\u201d are engaged in a campaign to remake Islam and Muslims in their image, that is to say in the image of \u201cliberal Protestant Christianity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMuslim resistance to this benevolent mission is represented as rejection of modernity and liberal values of freedom, liberty, equality, the right-bearing individual, democratic citizenship, women\u2019s rights, sexual rights, freedom of belief, secularism [and] rationality,\u201d Massad writes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c[I]f Muslims refuse to convert willingly,\u201d Massad observes, \u201cthey must be forced to convert using military power, as their resistance threatens a core value of liberalism, namely its universality and the necessity of its universalization as globalization.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s hard to imagine a more necessary\u00a0and timely book,\u201d <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/flavorwire.com\/498149\/10-must-read-academic-books-for-2015\" >says<\/a> Jonathon Sturgeon, literary editor at <em>Flavorwire<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>I could not agree more.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/electronicintifada.net\/blogs\/ali-abunimah\/france-begins-jailing-people-ironic-comments\" >Go to Original \u2013 electronicintifada.net<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It may sound like an ironic joke, but it isn\u2019t. Less than a week after the massive rallies in defense of \u201cfree expression,\u201d French authorities have jailed a youth 16 year-old for irony. His alleged crime? He posted on Facebook a cartoon representing a person holding the magazine Charlie Hebdo, being hit by bullets, and accompanied by an \u2018ironic\u2019 comment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-europe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52767"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52767\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}