{"id":53240,"date":"2015-02-02T12:00:08","date_gmt":"2015-02-02T12:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=53240"},"modified":"2015-05-05T21:26:10","modified_gmt":"2015-05-05T20:26:10","slug":"this-week-in-history-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/02\/this-week-in-history-9\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"

February 2\u20138<\/em><\/p>\n

Quote of the Week:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cThe mind is everything. Every thought you create manifests itself in the world; if you didn\u2019t achieve something you strive for, <\/em>you simply didn\u2019t believe in it enough.\u201d<\/em> – Mario Novak (Source: http:\/\/bossmindset.tumblr.com\/post\/46222445564\/the-mind-is-everything-every-thought-you-create<\/a> )<\/p>\n

February 2 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2007\u00a0 The worst\u00a0flooding<\/a>\u00a0in Indonesia in 300 years begins. Visit http:\/\/reliefweb.int\/disaster\/fl-2007-000023-idn<\/a> ; http:\/\/poleshift.ning.com\/profiles\/blogs\/7-of-10-sinking-indonesia-jakarta-worst-floods-since-2007-ground<\/a> ; and http:\/\/indonesiaurbanstudies.blogspot.com\/2007\/02\/flooding-again-in-jakarta.html<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1990\u00a0 \u00a0Apartheid<\/a>:\u00a0F. W. de Klerk<\/a>\u00a0announces<\/a>\u00a0the unbanning of the\u00a0African National Congress<\/a>\u00a0and promises to release\u00a0Nelson Mandela<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1989\u00a0 Soviet war in Afghanistan<\/a>: The last\u00a0Soviet<\/a>\u00a0armoured column leaves\u00a0Kabul<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1987\u00a0 After the 1986\u00a0People Power Revolution<\/a>, the\u00a0Philippines<\/a>\u00a0enacts a new\u00a0constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1982\u00a0 1982 Hama Massacre<\/a>: the government of\u00a0Syria<\/a>\u00a0attacks the town of\u00a0Hama<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1972\u00a0 The British\u00a0embassy<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Dublin<\/a>\u00a0is destroyed in protest at\u00a0Bloody Sunday<\/a>. Related to this event, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army<\/a> and http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinn_F%C3%A9in<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1971\u00a0 The international\u00a0Ramsar Convention<\/a>\u00a0for the conservation and sustainable utilization of\u00a0wetlands<\/a>\u00a0is signed in\u00a0Ramsar, Mazandaran<\/a>,\u00a0Iran<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1971\u00a0 Idi Amin<\/a>\u00a0replaces\u00a0President<\/a>\u00a0Milton Obote<\/a>\u00a0as leader of\u00a0Uganda<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1966\u00a0 Pakistan<\/a>\u00a0suggests a six-point agenda with\u00a0Kashmir<\/a>\u00a0after the\u00a0Indo-Pakistani War of 1965<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1962\u00a0 USSR performs nuclear test at Semipalitinsk, Eastern Kazakhstan, USSR.<\/p>\n

1959\u00a0 Dyatlov Pass incident<\/a> . Also visit, among others, http:\/\/www.ermaktravel.org\/Europe\/Russia\/Cholat-%20Syachil\/Kholat%20Syakhl.htm<\/a> ; http:\/\/rbth.co.uk\/travel\/2013\/02\/25\/extreme_tourism_in_the_urals_dyatlovs_footsteps_23259.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/skeptoid.com\/episodes\/4108<\/a> ; and http:\/\/www.aquiziam.com\/dyatlov_pass_1.html<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1957\u00a0 Iskander Mirza<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0Pakistan<\/a>\u00a0lays the foundation-stone of the\u00a0Guddu Barrage<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1948\u00a0 US President Truman urges congress to adopt a civil rights program. Visit http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/features\/primary-resources\/truman-civilrights\/<\/a> ; and http:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.org\/whistlestop\/study_collections\/desegregation\/large\/lessons\/dseg.html<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1943\u00a0 \u00a0World War II<\/a>: The\u00a0Battle of Stalingrad<\/a>\u00a0comes to\u00a0conclusion<\/a>\u00a0as\u00a0Soviet<\/a>\u00a0troops accept the surrender of 91,000 remnants of the\u00a0Axis forces<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1935\u00a0 Leonarde Keeler<\/a>\u00a0tests the first\u00a0polygraph machine<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1922\u00a0 Ulysses<\/em><\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0James Joyce<\/a>\u00a0is published.<\/p>\n

1920\u00a0 France occupies\u00a0Memel<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1920\u00a0 The\u00a0Tartu Peace Treaty<\/a>\u00a0is signed between\u00a0Estonia<\/a>\u00a0and Russia.<\/p>\n

1848\u00a0 Mexican\u2013American War<\/a>: The\u00a0Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo<\/a>\u00a0is signed.<\/p>\n

1542\u00a0 Portuguese forces under\u00a0Cristov\u00e3o da Gama<\/a>\u00a0capture a Muslim-occupied hill fort in northern\u00a0Ethiopia<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0Battle of Ba\u00e7ente<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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February 3 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2007\u00a0 A\u00a0Baghdad market bombing<\/a>\u00a0kills at least 135 people and injures a further 339.<\/p>\n

1989\u00a0 A military coup overthrows\u00a0Alfredo Stroessner<\/a>, dictator of\u00a0Paraguay<\/a>\u00a0since\u00a01954<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1984\u00a0 John Buster<\/a>\u00a0and the research team at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center announce history’s first\u00a0embryo transfer<\/a>, from one woman to another resulting in a live birth.<\/p>\n

1969\u00a0 In\u00a0Cairo<\/a>,\u00a0Yasser Arafat<\/a>\u00a0is appointed\u00a0Palestine Liberation Organization<\/a>\u00a0leader at the\u00a0Palestinian National Congress<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1961\u00a0 A protest by agricultural workers in\u00a0Baixa de Cassanje<\/a>,\u00a0Portuguese Angola<\/a>,\u00a0turns into a revolt<\/a>, opening the\u00a0Angolan War of Independence<\/a>, the first of the\u00a0Portuguese Colonial Wars<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1961\u00a0 The\u00a0United States Air Forces<\/a>\u00a0begins\u00a0Operation Looking Glass<\/a>, and over the next 30 years, a “Doomsday Plane” is always in the air, with the capability of taking direct control of the United States’ bombers and missiles in the event of the destruction of the\u00a0SAC<\/a>‘s command post.<\/p>\n

1960\u00a0 British Prime Minister<\/a>\u00a0Harold Macmillan<\/a>\u00a0speaks of “a\u00a0wind of change<\/a>“, an increasing national consciousness blowing through colonial\u00a0Africa<\/a>, signalling that his Government is likely to support decolonisation.<\/p>\n

1958\u00a0 Founding of the\u00a0Benelux<\/a>\u00a0Economic Union, creating a testing ground for a later\u00a0European Economic Community<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 World War II: The\u00a0United States<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0Philippine Commonwealth<\/a>\u00a0begin\u00a0a month-long battle<\/a>\u00a0to retake\u00a0Manila<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0Japan<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 World War II: As part of\u00a0Operation Thunderclap<\/a>, 1,000\u00a0B-17s<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0Eighth Air Force<\/a>\u00a0bomb Berlin, a raid which kills between 2,500 to 3,000 and\u00a0dehouses<\/a>\u00a0another 120,000.<\/p>\n

1944\u00a0 World War II<\/a>: During the\u00a0Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign<\/a>, U.S.\u00a0Army<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Marine<\/a>\u00a0forces\u00a0seize Kwajalein Atoll<\/a>\u00a0from the defending\u00a0Japanese<\/a>\u00a0garrison.<\/p>\n

1943\u00a0 The\u00a0USAT Dorchester<\/a>\u00a0is sunk by a German U-boat. Only 230 of 902 men aboard survived. The Chapel of the Four Chaplains, dedicated by President\u00a0Harry Truman<\/a>, is one of many memorials established to commemorate the\u00a0Four Chaplains<\/a>\u00a0story.<\/p>\n

1931\u00a0 The\u00a0Hawke’s Bay earthquake<\/a>,\u00a0New Zealand<\/a>‘s worst natural disaster, kills 258. See the list of earthquakes in New Zealand by visiting http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earthquakes_in_New_Zealand<\/a> ; and http:\/\/scienceblogs.com\/gregladen\/2011\/02\/22\/why-does-new-zealand-have-so-m\/<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1917\u00a0 World War I<\/a>: The\u00a0United States<\/a>\u00a0breaks off diplomatic relations with\u00a0Germany<\/a>\u00a0a day after the latter announced a new policy of unrestricted\u00a0submarine<\/a>\u00a0warfare.<\/p>\n

1917\u00a0 World War I<\/a>: The\u00a0United States<\/a>\u00a0breaks off diplomatic relations with\u00a0Germany<\/a>\u00a0a day after the latter announced a new policy of unrestricted\u00a0submarine<\/a>\u00a0warfare.<\/p>\n

1897\u00a0 The\u00a0Greco-Turkish War<\/a>\u00a0breaks out.<\/p>\n

1852\u00a0 Justo Jos\u00e9 de Urquiza<\/a>\u00a0defeats\u00a0Juan Manuel de Rosas<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0Battle of Caseros<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1830\u00a0 The sovereignty of\u00a0Greece<\/a>\u00a0is confirmed in a\u00a0London Protocol<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1813\u00a0 Jos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn<\/a>\u00a0defeats a Spanish royalist army at the\u00a0Battle of San Lorenzo<\/a>, part of the\u00a0Argentine War of Independence<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1807\u00a0 A British military force, under Brigadier-General Sir\u00a0Samuel Auchmuty<\/a>\u00a0captures the\u00a0Spanish Empire<\/a>\u00a0city of\u00a0Montevideo<\/a>, now the capital of\u00a0Uruguay<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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February 4 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2003\u00a0 The\u00a0Federal Republic of Yugoslavia<\/a>\u00a0is officially renamed\u00a0Serbia and Montenegro<\/a>\u00a0and adopts a new constitution.<\/p>\n

2003\u00a0 The\u00a0Bengali Hindus<\/a>\u00a0declares the independence of the Republic of\u00a0Bangabhumi<\/a>\u00a0from Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

1999\u00a0 Unarmed\u00a0West African<\/a>\u00a0immigrant\u00a0Amadou Diallo<\/a>\u00a0is shot dead by four plainclothes New York City police officers on an unrelated stake-out, inflaming race-relations in the city.<\/p>\n

1998\u00a0 An\u00a0earthquake<\/a>\u00a0measuring 6.1 on the Richter Scale in northeast\u00a0Afghanistan<\/a>\u00a0kills more than 5,000.<\/p>\n

1992\u00a0 A\u00a0coup d’\u00e9tat<\/a>\u00a0is led by\u00a0Hugo Ch\u00e1vez<\/a>\u00a0against\u00a0Venezuelan<\/a>\u00a0President<\/a>\u00a0Carlos Andr\u00e9s P\u00e9rez<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1985\u00a0 Naval exercises canceled when U.S. refuses to tell New Zealand of nuclear weapons.<\/p>\n

1976\u00a0 In\u00a0Guatemala<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Honduras<\/a>\u00a0an\u00a0earthquake<\/a>\u00a0kills more than 22,000.<\/p>\n

1975\u00a0 Haicheng earthquake<\/a>\u00a0(magnitude 7.3 on the\u00a0Richter scale<\/a>) occurs in\u00a0Haicheng, Liaoning<\/a>, China.<\/p>\n

1974\u00a0 M62 coach bombing<\/a>: The\u00a0Provisional Irish Republican Army<\/a>\u00a0(IRA) explodes a bomb on a bus carrying off-duty\u00a0British Armed Forces<\/a>\u00a0personnel in\u00a0Yorkshire<\/a>, England. Nine soldiers and three civilians are killed.<\/p>\n

1969\u00a0 Yasser Arafat<\/a>\u00a0takes over as chairman of the\u00a0Palestine Liberation Organization<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1948\u00a0 Ceylon<\/a>\u00a0(later renamed\u00a0Sri Lanka<\/a>) becomes independent within the\u00a0British Commonwealth<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 World War II: The\u00a0Yalta Conference<\/a>\u00a0between the “Big Three” (Churchill<\/a>,\u00a0Roosevelt<\/a>, and\u00a0Stalin<\/a>) opens at the\u00a0Livadia Palace<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0Crimea<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 World War II<\/a>:\u00a0Santo Tomas Internment Camp<\/a>\u00a0is liberated from Japanese authority.<\/p>\n

1932\u00a0 Second Sino-Japanese War<\/a>:\u00a0Harbin<\/a>,\u00a0Manchuria<\/a>,\u00a0falls to<\/a>\u00a0Japan<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1899\u00a0 The\u00a0Philippine\u2013American War<\/a>\u00a0begins with the\u00a0Battle of Manila<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1859\u00a0 The\u00a0Codex Sinaiticus<\/a>\u00a0is discovered in\u00a0Egypt<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1846\u00a0 The first Mormon pioneers<\/a> make their exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois<\/a>, westward towards Salt Lake Valley<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1820\u00a0 The\u00a0Chilean Navy<\/a>\u00a0under the command of\u00a0Lord Cochrane<\/a>\u00a0completes the 2-day long\u00a0Capture of Valdivia<\/a>\u00a0with just 300 men and 2 ships.<\/p>\n

1810\u00a0 The\u00a0Royal Navy<\/a>\u00a0seizes\u00a0Guadeloupe<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1801\u00a0 John Marshall<\/a>\u00a0is sworn in as\u00a0Chief Justice of the United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1797\u00a0 The\u00a0Riobamba earthquake<\/a>\u00a0strikes\u00a0Ecuador<\/a>, causing up to 40,000 casualties.<\/p>\n

1794\u00a0 The French legislature abolishes\u00a0slavery<\/a>\u00a0throughout all territories of the\u00a0French Republic<\/a>. It will be reestablished in the French West Indies in 1802.<\/p>\n

1454\u00a0 In the\u00a0Thirteen Years’ War<\/a>, the Secret Council of the\u00a0Prussian Confederation<\/a>\u00a0sends a formal act of disobedience to the\u00a0Grand Master<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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February 5 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2004\u00a0 \u00a0Rebels<\/a>\u00a0from the\u00a0Revolutionary Artibonite Resistance Front<\/a>\u00a0capture the city of\u00a0Gona\u00efves<\/a>, starting the\u00a02004 Haiti rebellion<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2000\u00a0 Russian<\/a>\u00a0forces\u00a0massacre<\/a>\u00a0at least 60 civilians in the Novye Aldi suburb of\u00a0Grozny<\/a>,\u00a0Chechnya<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1997\u00a0 The so-called\u00a0Big Three banks<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Switzerland<\/a>\u00a0announce the creation of a $71\u00a0million fund to aid\u00a0Holocaust<\/a>\u00a0survivors and their families.<\/p>\n

1994\u00a0 \u00a0Markale massacres<\/a>, more than 60 people are killed and some 200 wounded as a mortar shell explodes in a downtown marketplace in\u00a0Sarajevo<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1994\u00a0 Byron De La Beckwith<\/a>\u00a0is convicted of the 1963 murder of\u00a0civil rights<\/a>\u00a0leader\u00a0Medgar Evers<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1988\u00a0 Manuel Noriega<\/a>\u00a0is indicted on\u00a0drug smuggling<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0money laundering<\/a>\u00a0charges.<\/p>\n

1985\u00a0 Ugo Vetere, then the mayor of\u00a0Rome<\/a>, and\u00a0Chedli Klibi<\/a>, then the mayor of\u00a0Carthage<\/a>\u00a0meet in\u00a0Tunis<\/a>\u00a0to sign a treaty of friendship officially ending the\u00a0Third Punic War<\/a>which lasted 2,131 years.<\/p>\n

1975\u00a0 Riots break in\u00a0Lima, Peru<\/a>\u00a0after the police forces go on strike\u00a0the day before<\/a>. The uprising (locally known as the\u00a0Limazo<\/em>) is bloodily suppressed by the military dictatorship.<\/p>\n

1963\u00a0 The\u00a0European Court of Justice<\/a>‘s ruling in\u00a0Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen<\/em><\/a>\u00a0establishes the principle of\u00a0direct effect<\/a>, one of the most important, if not the most important, decisions in the development of\u00a0European Union law<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1962\u00a0 French President<\/a>\u00a0Charles de Gaulle<\/a>\u00a0calls for\u00a0Algeria<\/a>\u00a0to be granted independence.<\/p>\n

1958\u00a0 A\u00a0hydrogen bomb<\/a>\u00a0known as the\u00a0Tybee Bomb<\/a>\u00a0is lost by the\u00a0US Air Force<\/a>\u00a0off the coast of\u00a0Savannah, Georgia<\/a>, never to be recovered.<\/p>\n

1958\u00a0 Gamel Abdel Nasser<\/a>\u00a0is nominated to be the first president of the\u00a0United Arab Republic<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1946\u00a0 The\u00a0Chondoist Chongu Party<\/a>\u00a0is founded in\u00a0North Korea<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 World War II: General\u00a0Douglas MacArthur<\/a>\u00a0returns to\u00a0Manila<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1941\u00a0 World War II<\/a>:\u00a0Allied<\/a>\u00a0forces begin the\u00a0Battle of Keren<\/a>\u00a0to capture\u00a0Keren, Eritrea<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1939\u00a0 General\u00edsimo\u00a0Francisco Franco<\/a>\u00a0becomes the 68th “Caudillo de Espa\u00f1a<\/em>“, or Leader of\u00a0Spain<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1937\u00a0 President<\/a>\u00a0Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a>\u00a0proposes a plan to enlarge the\u00a0Supreme Court of the United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1924\u00a0 The\u00a0Royal Greenwich Observatory<\/a>\u00a0begins broadcasting the hourly time signals known as the\u00a0Greenwich Time Signal<\/a>\u00a0or the “BBC pips”.<\/p>\n

1918\u00a0 \u00a0SS\u00a0Tuscania<\/em><\/a>\u00a0is torpedoed off the coast of Ireland; it is the first ship carrying American troops to Europe to be torpedoed and sunk.<\/p>\n

1918\u00a0 \u00a0Stephen W. Thompson<\/a>\u00a0shoots down a German airplane. It is the\u00a0first aerial victory by the U.S. military<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1917\u00a0 The\u00a0Congress of the United States<\/a>\u00a0passes the\u00a0Immigration Act of 1917<\/a>\u00a0over\u00a0President<\/a>\u00a0Woodrow Wilson<\/a>‘s veto. Also known as the\u00a0Asiatic Barred Zone Act<\/em>, it forbade immigration from nearly all of south and southeast\u00a0Asia<\/a>. For more information on the Asiatic Barred Zone Act and discrimination of immigrants, visit http:\/\/library.uwb.edu\/guides\/USimmigration\/1917_immigration_act.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.immigrationinamerica.org\/362-asiatic-barred-zone.html?newsid=362<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.eyewitnesstohistory.com\/snpim1.htm<\/a> ; http:\/\/discriminationpzjk.weebly.com\/immigration-after-ww1.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.mocanyc.org\/learn\/timeline\/immigration_act_of_1917<\/a> ; http:\/\/www2.maxwell.syr.edu\/plegal\/ltgb2a\/wenbanwq1.htm<\/a> and\/or http:\/\/www.fasttrackteaching.com\/burns\/Unit_4_Cities\/U4_Immigrants_and_Discrimination.html<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1917\u00a0 The\u00a0current constitution<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0Mexico<\/a>\u00a0is adopted, establishing a\u00a0federal republic<\/a>\u00a0with powers separated into independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches.<\/p>\n

1913\u00a0 Greek military aviators<\/a>,\u00a0Michael Moutoussis<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Aristeidis Moraitinis<\/a>\u00a0perform the first\u00a0naval air<\/a>\u00a0mission in history, with a\u00a0Farman MF.7<\/a>\u00a0hydroplane.<\/p>\n

1909\u00a0 Belgian chemist\u00a0Leo Baekeland<\/a>\u00a0announces the creation of\u00a0Bakelite<\/a>, the world’s first synthetic\u00a0plastic<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1900\u00a0 The\u00a0United States<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0United Kingdom<\/a>\u00a0sign a treaty for the\u00a0Panama Canal<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1900\u00a0 The Battle of Vaal Krantz, South Africa (Boers vs British army). Visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Vaal_Krantz<\/a> ; http:\/\/military.wikia.com\/wiki\/Battle_of_Vaal_Krantz<\/a> ; and\/or http:\/\/plak.co.za\/moreinfo\/19203\/battle-of-vaal-krantz<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1885\u00a0 King\u00a0Leopold II of Belgium<\/a>\u00a0establishes the\u00a0Congo<\/a>\u00a0as a personal possession.<\/p>\n

1869\u00a0 The largest\u00a0alluvial<\/a>\u00a0gold<\/a>\u00a0nugget in history, called the “Welcome Stranger<\/a>“, is found in\u00a0Moliagul, Victoria<\/a>,\u00a0Australia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1859\u00a0 Wallachia<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Moldavia<\/a>\u00a0are united under\u00a0Alexander John Cuza<\/a>\u00a0as the\u00a0United Principalities<\/a>, an autonomous region within the\u00a0Ottoman Empire<\/a>, which ushered the birth of the modern\u00a0Romanian<\/a>\u00a0state.<\/p>\n

1852\u00a0 The New\u00a0Hermitage Museum<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Saint Petersburg<\/a>,\u00a0Russia<\/a>, one of the largest and oldest museums in the world, opens to the public.<\/p>\n

1810\u00a0 Peninsular War<\/a>:\u00a0Siege of C\u00e1diz<\/a>\u00a0begins.<\/p>\n

1783\u00a0 Sweden recognizes US independence. Visit http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2880.htm<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.digtriad.com\/rss\/article\/211821\/176\/Today-In-History—February-5<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence<\/a> ; and\/or http:\/\/www.theusaonline.com\/history\/independence.htm<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1782\u00a0 Spanish<\/a>\u00a0defeat\u00a0British<\/a>\u00a0forces and\u00a0capture<\/a>\u00a0Minorca<\/a>.<\/p>\n

62\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Earthquake<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Pompeii<\/a>, Italy.<\/p>\n

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February 6 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2014\u00a0 The Taliban and Pakistani government begin peace negotiations.<\/p>\n

2000\u00a0 Second Chechen War<\/a>: Russia captures<\/a> Grozny<\/a>, Chechnya<\/a>, forcing the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria<\/a> government into exile<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1989\u00a0 The Round Table Talks<\/a> start in Poland, thus marking the beginning of overthrow of communism<\/a> in Eastern Europe.<\/p>\n

1988\u00a0 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh\/Semipalitinsk USSR.<\/p>\n

1984\u00a0 Moslem militiamen take over West Beirut from Lebanese army.<\/p>\n

1981\u00a0 The National Resistance Army<\/a> of Uganda<\/a> launches an attack on a Ugandan Army<\/a> installation in the central Mubende District<\/a> to begin the Ugandan Bush War<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1959\u00a0 At Cape Canaveral<\/a>, Florida<\/a>, the first successful test firing of a Titan intercontinental ballistic missile<\/a> is accomplished.<\/p>\n

1951\u00a0 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site Argonne Atomic Lab (Ill), to demonstrate lax in security.<\/p>\n

1942\u00a0 World War II: The United Kingdom declares war on Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1941\u00a0 British troops conquer Bengazi, Libya.<\/p>\n

1922\u00a0 The Washington Naval Treaty<\/a> is signed in Washington, D.C., limiting the naval armaments of United States, Britain<\/a>, Japan, France, and Italy.<\/p>\n

1918\u00a0 British women over the age of 30 get the right to vote.<\/a><\/p>\n

1900\u00a0 The international arbitration court at The Hague<\/a> is created when the Senate of the Netherlands<\/a> ratifies an 1899<\/a> peace conference<\/a> decree. Visit http:\/\/www.pca-cpa.org\/showpage.asp?pag_id=1044<\/a> ; and\/or http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1899\u00a0 Spanish\u2013American War<\/a>: The Treaty of Paris<\/a>, a peace treaty<\/a> between the United States and Spain, is ratified by the United States Senate<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1862\u00a0 American Civil War<\/a>: forces under the command of Ulysses S. Grant and Andrew H. Foote give the Union<\/a> its first victory of the war, capturing Fort Henry, Tennessee<\/a> in the Battle of Fort Henry<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1840\u00a0 Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi<\/a>, establishing New Zealand as a British colony.<\/p>\n

1819\u00a0 Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles<\/a> founds Singapore<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1806\u00a0 Battle of San Domingo<\/a>: British naval victory against the French in the Caribbean.<\/p>\n

1778\u00a0 American Revolutionary War<\/a>: In Paris the Treaty of Alliance<\/a> and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce<\/a> are signed by the United States and France signaling official recognition of the new republic.<\/p>\n

\n

\n

February 7 <\/strong><\/p>\n

1999\u00a0 Crown Prince<\/a> Abdullah<\/a> becomes the King of Jordan<\/a> on the death of his father, King Hussein<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1992\u00a0 The Maastricht Treaty<\/a> is signed, leading to the creation of the European Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1990\u00a0 Dissolution of the Soviet Union<\/a>: The Central Committee<\/a> of the Soviet Communist Party<\/a> agrees to give up its monopoly on power.<\/p>\n

1986\u00a0 Twenty-eight years of one-family rule end in Haiti<\/a>, when President<\/a> Jean-Claude Duvalier<\/a> flees the Caribbean<\/a> nation.<\/p>\n

1974\u00a0 Grenada<\/a> gains independence from the United Kingdom<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1965\u00a0 US begins regular bombing & strafing of N. Vietnam.<\/p>\n

1962\u00a0 The United States<\/a> bans<\/a> all Cuban<\/a> imports and exports.<\/p>\n

1951\u00a0 Korean War<\/a>: 705 suspected communist sympathizers are butchered<\/a> by South Korean forces<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1950\u00a0 US & Great-Britain recognize B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i Vietnamese regime. For B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, visit http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/700820\/Bao-Dai<\/a> ; and\/or http:\/\/ilove-vietnam.blogspot.com\/2014\/09\/king-bao-dais-palace.html#.VMPnMS586po<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1947\u00a0 Arabs & Jews reject British proposal to split Palestine. Visit, for instance, http:\/\/www.palestineremembered.com\/Acre\/Palestine-Remembered\/Story448.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine<\/a> ;\u00a0\u00a0 and\/or http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/History\/partition_plan.html<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1944\u00a0 World War II: In Anzio<\/a>, Italy<\/a>, German<\/a> forces launch a counteroffensive during the Allied Operation Shingle<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1943\u00a0 World War II<\/a>: Imperial Japanese Navy<\/a> forces complete the evacuation of Imperial Japanese Army<\/a> troops from Guadalcanal<\/a> during Operation Ke<\/a>, ending Japanese attempts to retake the island from Allied<\/a> forces in the Guadalcanal Campaign<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1900\u00a0 Second Boer War<\/a>: British<\/a> troops fail in their third attempt<\/a> to lift the Siege of Ladysmith<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1897\u00a0 Greco-Turkish War<\/a>: The first full-scale battle takes place when the Greek<\/a> expeditionary force in Crete<\/a> defeats a 4,000-strong Ottoman<\/a> force at Livadeia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1856\u00a0 The colonial<\/a> Tasmanian Parliament<\/a> passes the second piece of legislation<\/a> (the Electoral Act of 1856) anywhere in the world providing for elections by way of a secret ballot<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1813\u00a0 Action of 7 February 1813<\/a>: stalemate two evenly matched frigates<\/a> from the French Navy<\/a> and the British Royal Navy<\/a>, Ar\u00e9thuse<\/a><\/em> and HMS Amelia<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

1807\u00a0 Napoleonic Wars<\/a>: Battle of Eylau<\/a> \u2013 Napol\u00e9on<\/a>‘s French Empire<\/a> begins fighting against Russian<\/a> and Prussian<\/a> forces of the Fourth Coalition<\/a> at Eylau, Poland<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1783\u00a0 American Revolutionary War<\/a>: French and Spanish forces lift the Great Siege of Gibraltar<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n

\n

February 8 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2011\u00a0 North and South Korean officials meet for working-level military talks, the first Korean dialogue in eight months.<\/p>\n

1979\u00a0 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.<\/p>\n

1974\u00a0 Military coup<\/a> in Upper Volta<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1971\u00a0 South Vietnamese ground troops<\/a> launch an incursion<\/a> into Laos<\/a> to try to cut off the Ho Chi Minh trail<\/a> and stop communist infiltration<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1968\u00a0 American civil rights movement<\/a>: The Orangeburg massacre<\/a>: An attack on black students from South Carolina State University<\/a> who are protesting racial segregation<\/a> at the town’s only bowling alley, leaves three or four dead in Orangeburg, South Carolina<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1963\u00a0 The regime of Prime Minister of Iraq<\/a>, Brigadier General Abdul-Karim Qassem<\/a> is overthrown<\/a> by the Ba’ath Party<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1962\u00a0 Charonne massacre<\/a>. Nine trade unionists are killed by French police at the instigation of Nazi<\/a> collaborator Maurice Papon<\/a>, then chief of the Paris Prefecture of Police<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1955\u00a0 The Government of Sindh<\/a>, Pakistan, abolishes the Jagirdari system<\/a> in the province. One million acres<\/a> (4000\u00a0km2<\/sup>) of land thus acquired is to be distributed among the landless peasants<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1952\u00a0 Elizabeth II<\/a> is proclaimed Queen<\/a> of the United Kingdom<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1950\u00a0 The Stasi<\/a>, the secret police<\/a> of East Germany<\/a>, is established.<\/p>\n

1948\u00a0 The formal creation of the Korean People’s Army<\/a> of North Korea<\/a> is announced.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 World War II: The United Kingdom<\/a> and Canada<\/a> commence Operation Veritable<\/a> to occupy the west bank of the Rhine<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1942\u00a0 World War II<\/a>: Japan<\/a> invades<\/a> Singapore<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1942\u00a0 Congress advises Franklin D. Roosevelt that, Americans of Japanese descent should be locked up en masse so they wouldn’t oppose the U.S. war effort.<\/p>\n

1936\u00a0 Pandit Jawaharlal follows Gandhi as chairman of India Congress Party. Visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jawaharlal_Nehru<\/a> ; and\/or http:\/\/www.biography.com\/people\/jawaharlal-nehru-9421253#world-war-ii<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1926\u00a0 German Reichstag decides to apply for League of Nations membership. Visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reichstag_%28Nazi_Germany%29<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldatwar.net\/timeline\/other\/league18-46.html<\/a> ; and\/or http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/discover\/10.2307\/3015982?sid=21105689958743&uid=2&uid=3738200&uid=4<\/a> . For Nazi and its history, visit, for instance, http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/naziregime.html<\/a> ; and\/or http:\/\/www.historyonthenet.com\/Chronology\/timelinenazigermany.htm<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1924\u00a0 Capital punishment<\/a>: The first state execution in the United States<\/a> by gas chamber<\/a> takes place in Nevada<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1920\u00a0 Swiss men vote against women’s suffrage.<\/p>\n

1904\u00a0 Battle of Port Arthur<\/a>: A surprise torpedo<\/a> attack by the Japanese<\/a> at Port Arthur<\/a>, China<\/a> starts the Russo-Japanese War<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1887\u00a0 The Dawes Act<\/a> authorizes the President of the United States<\/a> to survey Native American<\/a> tribal land and divide it into individual allotments.<\/p>\n

1865\u00a0 In the United States<\/a>, Delaware<\/a> voters reject the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution<\/a>, and vote to continue the practice of slavery. (Delaware finally ratifies the amendment on February 12, 1901.)<\/p>\n

1856\u00a0 Barbu Dimitrie \u015etirbei<\/a> abolishes slavery in Wallachia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1817\u00a0 Las Heras<\/a> crosses the Andes<\/a> with an army to join San Mart\u00edn<\/a> and liberate Chile<\/a> from Spain.<\/p>\n

1807\u00a0 Battle of Eylau<\/a> \u2013 Napoleon<\/a> defeats Russians<\/a> under General<\/a> Bennigsen<\/a> and the Prussians<\/a> under L’Estocq<\/a><\/p>\n

____________________________<\/p>\n

Sources and references: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/February_2<\/a> to February 8; http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/february_2.html<\/a> to february_8.html ; http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/events\/february\/2<\/a> to february\/8 ; and other relevant websites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<\/em><\/p>\n

Satoshi Ashikaga is a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment, originally from Japan.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

February 2\u20138
\nQuote of the Week: \u201cThe mind is everything. Every thought you create manifests itself in the world; if you didn\u2019t achieve something you strive for, you simply didn\u2019t believe in it enough.\u201d – Mario Novak<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53240"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53240\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}