{"id":53783,"date":"2015-02-16T12:00:02","date_gmt":"2015-02-16T12:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=53783"},"modified":"2015-05-05T21:26:07","modified_gmt":"2015-05-05T20:26:07","slug":"this-week-in-history-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/02\/this-week-in-history-11\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"

February 16\u201322<\/strong><\/p>\n

Quote of the Week:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI refuse to accept the view that mankind is so tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism and war that the bright daybreak of peace and brotherhood can never become a reality… I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word.<\/a>\u201d<\/em> \u2013 Martin Luther King, Jr.<\/p>\n

FEBRUARY 16 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2013<\/strong>\u00a0 A bomb blast<\/a> at a market in Hazara Town<\/a> in Quetta<\/a>, Pakistan<\/a>, kills more than 80 people and injures 190 others.<\/p>\n

2011<\/strong>\u00a0 Under pressure from conservationists and diplomats, Japan’s whaling fleet leaves the Antarctic. For more information on this event, visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.mercopress.com\/2011\/02\/16\/japan-cuts-short-whaling-season-greenpeace-says-whale-meat-market-overstocked<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 and \u00a0http:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2011\/02\/compromise-for-japanese-whaling\/<\/a> \u00a0For more information on Japan\u2019s whaling, visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whaling_in_Japan<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whaling_controversy<\/a> https:\/\/answers.yahoo.com\/question\/index;_ylt=AwrBT8iH98xUH20A6QxXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTByNzA1YWV1BHNlYwNzcgRwb3MDOQRjb2xvA2JmMQR2dGlkAw–?qid=20071117150420AAiwWzB<\/a> http:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2014\/06\/140612-whaling-japan-resume-antarctica-animals-ocean-science\/<\/a> and\/or \u00a0http:\/\/uk.whales.org\/issues\/whaling-in-japan<\/a><\/p>\n

2006<\/strong>\u00a0 The last Mobile Army Surgical Hospital<\/a> (MASH) is decommissioned by the United States Army<\/a><\/p>\n

2005<\/strong>\u00a0 The Kyoto Protocol<\/a> comes into force, following its ratification<\/a> by Russia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1999<\/strong>\u00a0 Across Europe<\/a>, Kurdish<\/a> rebels take over embassies and hold hostages after Turkey<\/a> arrests one of their rebel leaders, Abdullah \u00d6calan<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1999<\/strong>\u00a0 In Uzbekistan<\/a>, a bomb explodes and gunfire is heard at the government headquarters in an apparent assassination<\/a> attempt against President<\/a> Islam Karimov<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1991<\/strong>\u00a0 Nicaraguan<\/a> Contras<\/a> leader Enrique Berm\u00fadez<\/a> is assassinated in Managua<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1988<\/strong>\u00a0 1st documented combat action by U.S. military advisors in El Salvador. See https:\/\/thisdayinusmilhist.wordpress.com\/2014\/02\/16\/february-16\/<\/a> and http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salvadoran_Civil_War<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1987<\/strong>\u00a0 The trial of John Demjanjuk<\/a>, accused of being a Nazi<\/a> guard dubbed “Ivan the Terrible” in Treblinka extermination camp<\/a>, starts in Jerusalem<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1985<\/strong>\u00a0 Hezbollah<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n

1979<\/strong>\u00a0 USSR performs nuclear test at Semipalitinsk, Eastern Kazakhstan USSR.<\/p>\n

1977<\/strong>\u00a0 USSR performs nuclear test at Sary Shagan USSR.<\/p>\n

1960<\/strong>\u00a0 The U.S. Navy submarine USS\u00a0Triton<\/em><\/a> begins Operation Sandblast<\/a>, setting sail from New London, Connecticut<\/a>, to begin the first submerged circumnavigation of the globe.<\/p>\n

1959<\/strong>\u00a0 Fidel Castro<\/a> becomes Premier of Cuba<\/a> after dictator Fulgencio Batista<\/a> was overthrown on January 1<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II: American forces land on<\/a> Corregidor Island<\/a> in the Philippines<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1943<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II: Insertion of Operation Gunnerside<\/a>, Norway.<\/p>\n

1943<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II: Red Army<\/a> troops re-enter Kharkov<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1942<\/strong>\u00a0 Kim Jong-Il of DPRK, the successor of Kim Il-Sung and the father of Kim Jung-Un, is born. For Kim Jong-Il, visit, for instance http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Jong-il<\/a> \u00a0http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/people\/k\/_kim_jong_il\/index.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/2015\/01\/29\/ex-south-korea-leader-says-kim-jong-il-demanded-10b-in-exchange-for-talks\/<\/a> and \u00a0http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/317868\/Kim-Jong-Il<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1940<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II<\/a>: Altmark Incident<\/a>: The German tanker Altmark<\/a> is boarded by sailors from the British destroyer<\/a> HMS\u00a0Cossack<\/em><\/a>. 299 British prisoners are freed.<\/p>\n

1934<\/strong>\u00a0 The Austrian Civil War<\/a> ends with the defeat of the Social Democrats<\/a> and the Republican Schutzbund<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1927<\/strong>\u00a0 US restores diplomatic relations with Turkey. Visit http:\/\/turkey.usembassy.gov\/us_diplomatic_interaction_turkey.html<\/a> .<\/p>\n

1818<\/strong>\u00a0 The Council of Lithuania<\/a> unanimously adopts the Act of Independence<\/a>, declaring Lithuania<\/a> an independent state.<\/p>\n

1874<\/strong>\u00a0 Silver Dollar<\/a> becomes legal US tender.<\/p>\n

1866<\/strong>\u00a0 Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington<\/a> becomes British Secretary of State for War<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1804<\/strong>\u00a0 First Barbary War<\/a>: Stephen Decatur<\/a> leads a raid to burn the pirate<\/a>-held frigate USS\u00a0Philadelphia<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

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FEBRUARY 17 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2008<\/strong>\u00a0 Kosovo<\/a> declares independence<\/a> as the Republic of Kosovo<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1995<\/strong>\u00a0 The Cenepa War<\/a> between Peru<\/a> and Ecuador<\/a> ends on a cease-fire<\/a> brokered by the UN<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1992<\/strong>\u00a0 Nagorno-Karabakh War<\/a>: Armenian<\/a> troops massacre<\/a> more than 20 Azerbaijani<\/a> civilians in the village of Qarada\u011fl\u0131<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1989<\/strong>\u00a0 USSR performs nuclear test at Semipalitinsk, Eastern Kazakhstan USSR.<\/p>\n

1980<\/strong>\u00a0 Mount Everest<\/a>, 1st Winter Ascent by Krzysztof Wielicki<\/a> and Leszek Cichy<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1979<\/strong>\u00a0 The Sino-Vietnamese War<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n

1978<\/strong>\u00a0 The Troubles<\/a>: The Provisional IRA<\/a> detonates an incendiary bomb<\/a> at the La Mon restaurant<\/a>, near Belfast, killing 12 and seriously injuring 30.<\/p>\n

1972<\/strong>\u00a0 Sales of the Volkswagen Beetle<\/a> exceed those of the Ford Model-T<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1964<\/strong>\u00a0 Gabonese president Leon M’ba<\/a> is toppled by a coup<\/a> and his rival, Jean-Hilaire Aubame<\/a>, is installed in his place.<\/p>\n

1964<\/strong>\u00a0 In Wesberry v. Sanders<\/a><\/em> the Supreme Court of the United States<\/a> rules that congressional<\/a> districts have to be approximately equal in population. This issue refers to one of the basics of democracy in election. Visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/One_man,_one_vote<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 http:\/\/www.publicmapping.org\/what-is-redistricting\/redistricting-criteria-equal-population<\/a> http:\/\/aceproject.org\/ace-en\/topics\/bd\/bdb\/bdb05\/bdb05a<\/a> http:\/\/redistricting.lls.edu\/where.php<\/a> http:\/\/redrawingthelines.sitewrench.com\/glossaryofterms<\/a> https:\/\/answers.yahoo.com\/question\/index;_ylt=AwrBT8xATs5UZOcA6fFXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTE0djZ0M2x2BHNlYwNzcgRwb3MDMTIEY29sbwNiZjEEdnRpZANWSVA1NjVfMQ–?qid=20080109143444AALxEGo<\/a> http:\/\/fortworthtexas.gov\/redistricting\/?id=86786<\/a> and\/or http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_congressional_apportionment<\/a><\/p>\n

1953<\/strong>\u00a0 \u201cYears after serving as the civilian director of the Manhattan Project to build the first atomic bomb, J. Robert Oppenheimer gave one of many speeches opposing the growing nuclear arms race, this one at the Council on Foreign Relations. \u2018We may anticipate a state of affairs in which [the U.S. and U.S.S.R.] will each be in a position to put an end to civilization and the life of the other, though not without risking its own\u2026We may be likened to two scorpions in a bottle, capable of killing the other, but only at the risk of his own life.\u201d (Sources: Craig Nelson. \u201cThe Age of Radiance.\u2019 New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014, p. 259 and note that Oppenheimer\u2019s speech excerpts were published in the July 1953 edition of Foreign Affairs<\/em>: \u201cAtomic Weapons and American Policy,\u201d p. 529.)\u201d Quoted from http:\/\/www.wagingpeace.org\/february-this-month-in-nuclear-threat-history\/<\/a><\/p>\n

1949<\/strong>\u00a0 Chaim Weizmann<\/a> begins his term as the first President of Israel<\/a><\/p>\n

1944<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II: Operation Hailstone<\/a> begins. US naval air, surface, and submarine attack against Truk Lagoon<\/a>, Japan’s main base in the central Pacific<\/a>, in support of the Eniwetok invasion<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1944<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II<\/a>: The Battle of Eniwetok Atoll<\/a> begins. The battle ends in an American victory on February 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1933<\/strong>\u00a0 The Blaine Act<\/a> ends Prohibition in the United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1897<\/strong>\u00a0 Emilio Aguinaldo<\/a> and a group of katipuneros defeat Spanish forces led by General Camilo de Polavieja at the Battle of Zapote Bridge in Cavite.<\/p>\n

1885<\/strong>\u00a0 Bismarck<\/a> gives Carl Peters’ firm management of East-Africa.<\/p>\n

1871<\/strong>\u00a0 The victorious Prussian<\/a> Army parades through Paris, France<\/a> after the end of the Siege of Paris<\/a> during the Franco-Prussian War<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1867<\/strong>\u00a0 1st ship passes through Suez Canal.<\/p>\n

1863<\/strong>\u00a0 A group of citizens of Geneva<\/a> founded an International Committee for Relief to the Wounded, which later became known as the International Committee of the Red Cross<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1854<\/strong>\u00a0 The United Kingdom<\/a> recognizes the independence of the Orange Free State<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1838<\/strong>\u00a0 Weenen massacre<\/a>: Hundreds of Voortrekkers<\/a> along the Blaukraans River, Natal<\/a> are killed by Zulus<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1814<\/strong>\u00a0 War of the Sixth Coalition<\/a>: The Battle of Mormans<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1753<\/strong>\u00a0 In Sweden<\/a> February 17 is followed by March 1<\/a> as the country moves from the Julian calendar<\/a> to the Gregorian calendar<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1600<\/strong>\u00a0 The philosopher Giordano Bruno<\/a> is burned alive, for heresy<\/a>, at Campo de’ Fiori<\/a> in Rome<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1568<\/strong>\u00a0 Holy Roman Emperor agrees to pay tribute to the Sultan for peace.<\/p>\n

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FEBRUARY 18 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2014<\/strong>\u00a0 At least 76 people are killed and hundreds are injured in clashes<\/a> between riot police and demonstrators in Kiev<\/a>, Ukraine<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2007<\/strong>\u00a0 Terrorist bombs explode<\/a> on the Samjhauta Express<\/a> in Panipat<\/a>, Haryana<\/a>, India, killing 68 people.<\/p>\n

2001<\/strong>\u00a0 Inter-ethnic violence<\/a> between Dayaks<\/a> and Madurese<\/a> breaks out in Sampit<\/a>, Indonesia<\/a>, that will ultimately result in more than 500 deaths and 100,000 Madurese displaced from their homes.<\/p>\n

2001<\/strong>\u00a0 FBI<\/a> agent Robert Hanssen<\/a> is arrested for spying<\/a> for the Soviet Union<\/a>. He is ultimately convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1991<\/strong>\u00a0 The IRA<\/a> explodes bombs in the early morning at Paddington station<\/a> and Victoria station<\/a> in London.<\/p>\n

1983<\/strong>\u00a0 Thirteen people die and one is seriously injured in the Wah Mee massacre<\/a> in Seattle, Washington<\/a>. It is said to be the largest robbery-motivated mass-murder in US history.<\/p>\n

1972<\/strong>\u00a0 The California Supreme Court<\/a> in the case of People v. Anderson<\/a><\/em>, (6 Cal.3d 628) invalidates the state’s death penalty<\/a> and commutes the sentences of all death row<\/a> inmates to life imprisonment. See also Walter James Bolton\u2019s case in New Zealand in 1957, mentioned below.<\/p>\n

1969<\/strong>\u00a0 PLO-attack El-Al plane in Zurich Switzerland. Visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Al_Flight_432_attack<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 and http:\/\/www.shabak.gov.il\/English\/History\/Affairs\/Pages\/Zurich1969.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n

1957<\/strong>\u00a0 Walter James Bolton<\/a> becomes the last person legally executed<\/a> in New Zealand.<\/p>\n

– For death penalty in New Zealand, visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_punishment_in_New_Zealand<\/a> http:\/\/www.amnesty.org.nz\/our-work\/end-death-penalty\/new-zealands-stance-death-penalty<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.nzhistory.net.nz\/culture\/the-death-penalty<\/a> http:\/\/www.nzhistory.net.nz\/culture\/the-death-penalty<\/a> \u00a0and\/or http:\/\/www.nzherald.co.nz\/nz\/news\/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10469011<\/a><\/p>\n

– For pros and cons of death penalty, visit, for instance, \u00a0http:\/\/www.proconlists.com\/list\/government-politics\/the-death-penalty\/9<\/a> and\/or http:\/\/usliberals.about.com\/od\/deathpenalty\/i\/DeathPenalty.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

– For Amnesty International\u2019s argument about death penalty, visit http:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/death-penalty\/international-law<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 and \u00a0http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/our-work\/issues\/death-penalty\/international-death-penalty\/death-penalty-and-human-rights-standards<\/a><\/p>\n

– For arguments about death penalty at the UN, visit, for instance, http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/Issues\/DeathPenalty\/Pages\/DPIndex.aspx<\/a> http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_moratorium_on_the_death_penalty<\/a> and\/or \u00a0http:\/\/www.worldcoalition.org\/United-Nations-UN-human-rights-council-death-penalty-abolition-moratorium-resolution.html<\/a><\/p>\n

– For relevant information on the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty<\/em>, visit https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/Pages\/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4&lang=en<\/a> and http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Optional_Protocol_to_the_International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights<\/a><\/p>\n

1957<\/strong>\u00a0 Kenyan<\/a> rebel leader Dedan Kimathi<\/a> is executed by the British colonial government.<\/p>\n

1955<\/strong>\u00a0 Operation Teapot<\/a>: Teapot test shot “Wasp” is successfully detonated at the Nevada Test Site<\/a> with a yield of 1.2 kilotons<\/a>. Wasp is the first of fourteen shots in the Teapot series.<\/p>\n

1947<\/strong>\u00a0 First Indochina War<\/a>: The French gain complete control<\/a> of Hanoi<\/a> after forcing the Viet Minh<\/a> to withdraw to mountains.<\/p>\n

1946<\/strong>\u00a0 Sailors of the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny<\/a> in Bombay<\/a> harbour, from where the action spreads throughout the Provinces of British India<\/a>, involving 78 ships, twenty shore establishments and 20,000 sailors.<\/p>\n

1943<\/strong>\u00a0 Joseph Goebbels<\/a> delivers his Sportpalast<\/em> speech<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1943<\/strong>\u00a0 The Nazis<\/a> arrest the members of the White Rose<\/a> movement.<\/p>\n

1942<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II<\/a>: The Imperial Japanese Army<\/a> begins the systematic extermination<\/a> of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1938<\/strong>\u00a0 During the Nanking Massacre<\/a> the Nanking Safety Zone International Committee is renamed “Nanking International Rescue Committee” and the safety zone in place for refugees falls apart. For the Nanking Safety Zone and relevant issues on Nanking Massacre, visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanking_Safety_Zone<\/a> http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Committee_for_the_Nanking_Safety_Zone<\/a> http:\/\/nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu\/content\/foreigners-establish-safety-zone-and-intervene-save-civilians-during-nanking-massacre-1937-1<\/a> http:\/\/rapeofnankingsafetyzone.weebly.com\/index.html<\/a> http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/nanjinghttp:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/nanjing-massacre-massacre<\/a> and\/or http:\/\/www.nankingatrocities.net\/Terror\/terror_02.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

1932<\/strong>\u00a0 The Empire of Japan<\/a> declares Manzhouguo<\/a> (the obsolete Chinese name for Manchuria<\/a>) independent from the Republic of China<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1927<\/strong>\u00a0 U.S. and Canada begin diplomatic relations. Visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations<\/a> http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Canada<\/a> and\/or \u00a0http:\/\/canada.usembassy.gov\/canada-us-relations.html<\/a><\/p>\n

1900<\/strong>\u00a0 Second Boer War<\/a>: Imperial forces suffer their worst single-day loss of life on Bloody Sunday<\/a>, the first day of the Battle of Paardeberg<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1873<\/strong>\u00a0 Bulgarian<\/a> revolutionary leader Vasil Levski<\/a> is executed by hanging<\/a> in Sofia<\/a> by the Ottoman<\/a> authorities.<\/p>\n

1814<\/strong>\u00a0 Napoleonic Wars<\/a>: The Battle of Montereau<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1797<\/strong>\u00a0 French Revolutionary Wars<\/a>: Sir Ralph Abercromby<\/a> and a fleet of 18 British<\/a> warships invade<\/a> Trinidad<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1781<\/strong>\u00a0 Fourth Anglo-Dutch War<\/a>: Captain Thomas Shirley<\/a> opens his expedition<\/a> against Dutch colonial outposts<\/a> on the Gold Coast of Africa (present-day Ghana<\/a>).<\/p>\n

1745<\/strong>\u00a0 The city of Surakarta<\/a>, Central Java<\/a> is founded on the banks of Bengawan Solo River<\/a>, and becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Surakarta.<\/p>\n

1637<\/strong>\u00a0 Eighty Years’ War<\/a>: Off the coast of Cornwall<\/a>, England, a Spanish<\/a> fleet intercepts<\/a> an important Anglo<\/a>–Dutch<\/a> merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by 6 warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.<\/p>\n

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FEBRUARY 19 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2003<\/strong>\u00a0 An Ilyushin Il-76<\/a> military aircraft crashes<\/a> near Kerman<\/a>, Iran<\/a>, killing 275.<\/p>\n

2001<\/strong>\u00a0 The Oklahoma City bombing<\/a> museum is dedicated at the Oklahoma City National Memorial<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1986<\/strong>\u00a0 Akkaraipattu massacre<\/a>: the Sri Lankan Army<\/a> massacres 80 Tamil<\/a> farm workers the eastern province of Sri Lanka<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1986<\/strong>\u00a0 US Senate decides to ratify UN’s anti-genocide convention 37 years later. See http:\/\/www.stopthecrime.net\/docs\/Genocide%20Treaty.pdf<\/a> . The ratification was done on 25 November 1988. (See http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_parties_to_the_Genocide_Convention<\/a>)<\/p>\n

\u201cIn response to President Nixon\u2019s request, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in 1970 held hearings on the treaty and favorably reported the treaty to the entire Senate. The latter, however, took no action\u2026. The Foreign Relations Committee did the same in 1971, 1973, 1976 and 1978, but it was not until February 19, 1986, that the Senate voted, 83 to 11, to give its advice and consent<\/a> to such ratification\u2026. That implementing legislation was adopted on November 4, 1988, with President Ronald Reagan\u2019s signature of the Genocide Implementation Act of 1987<\/a>, 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1091\u2026 On November 25, 1988 (three weeks after the adoption of that federal statute), President Ronald Reagan deposited<\/a> notice of U.S. ratification with the U.N. Secretary-General. This constitutes the actual act of ratification.\u201d (Quoted from http:\/\/dwkcommentaries.com\/2013\/01\/16\/united-states-ratification-of-the-genocide-convention\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n

– The issue on the reluctance of the United States in the ratification of international human rights treaties, visit, for instance, http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1985\/05\/06\/opinion\/l-why-senate-has-not-ratified-genocide-treaty-220191.html<\/a> http:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/23875\/william-korey\/human-rights-treaties-why-is-the-us-stalling<\/a> http:\/\/www.newstatesman.com\/north-america\/2013\/10\/why-us-so-reluctant-sign-human-rights-treaties<\/a> https:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/component\/content\/article\/157\/26883.html<\/a> and http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_treaties_unsigned_or_unratified_by_the_United_States<\/a><\/p>\n

– For genocide, visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genocide<\/a> http:\/\/genocidewatch.net\/<\/a> http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10007043<\/a> http:\/\/www.religioustolerance.org\/genocide0.htm<\/a> and\/or http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/preventgenocide\/adviser\/statements.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n

– For the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide<\/em> (CPPCG), visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genocide_Convention<\/a> http:\/\/legal.un.org\/avl\/ha\/cppcg\/cppcg.html<\/a> http:\/\/whitegenocideproject.com\/united-nations-genocide-conventions\/<\/a> and http:\/\/www.hrweb.org\/legal\/genocide.html<\/a><\/p>\n

1985<\/strong>\u00a0 William J. Schroeder<\/a> becomes the first recipient of an artificial heart<\/a> to leave hospital<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1976<\/strong>\u00a0 Executive Order 9066<\/a>, which led to the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps, is rescinded by President Gerald R. Ford<\/a>‘s Proclamation 4417.\u00a0\u00a0 Visit, for instance, http:\/\/www.ford.utexas.edu\/library\/speeches\/760111p.htm<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 and\u00a0\u00a0 http:\/\/www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu\/jarda\/historical-context.html<\/a><\/p>\n

1965<\/strong>\u00a0 Colonel Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea3o<\/a> of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam<\/a>, and a communist spy of the North Vietnamese<\/a> Viet Minh<\/a>, along with Generals L\u00e2m V\u0103n Ph\u00e1t<\/a> and Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n Khi\u00eam<\/a> attempted a coup<\/a> against the military junta<\/a> of Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u00e1nh<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1963<\/strong>\u00a0 The publication of Betty Friedan<\/a>‘s The Feminine Mystique<\/a><\/em> reawakens the Feminist Movement<\/a> in the United States as women’s organizations and consciousness raising<\/a> groups spread.<\/p>\n

1959<\/strong>\u00a0 The United Kingdom<\/a> grants Cyprus<\/a> independence<\/a>, which is then formally proclaimed on August 16, 1960.<\/p>\n

1953<\/strong>\u00a0 Censorship<\/a>: Georgia<\/a> approves the first literature<\/a> censorship board in the United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1948<\/strong>\u00a0 The Conference of Youth and Students of Southeast Asia Fighting for Freedom and Independence<\/a> convenes in Calcutta<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II: Battle of Iwo Jima<\/a> \u2013 about 30,000 United States Marines<\/a> land on the island of Iwo Jima<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1943<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II: Battle of the Kasserine Pass<\/a> in Tunisia<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n

1942<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II<\/a>: Nearly 250 Japanese<\/a> warplanes attack<\/a> the northern Australian city of Darwin<\/a> killing 243 people.<\/p>\n

1942<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II: President<\/a> Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a> signs the executive order 9066<\/a>, allowing the United States military<\/a> to relocate Japanese-Americans<\/a> to internment camps<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1941<\/strong>\u00a0 1st transport of Jews to concentration camps leave Plotsk, Poland. For more relevant information, visit, instance, http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/judaica\/ejud_0002_0016_0_15867.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auschwitz_concentration_camp<\/a> and\/or http:\/\/www.wikihistory.org\/index.php?n=Main.1941CE#toc22<\/a><\/p>\n

1915<\/strong>\u00a0 World War I<\/a>: The first naval attack<\/a> on the Dardanelles<\/a> begins when a strong Anglo-French task force bombards Ottoman artillery along the coast of Gallipoli<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1861<\/strong>\u00a0 Serfdom<\/a> is abolished<\/a> in Russia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n

\n

FEBRUARY 20 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2012<\/strong> IAEA nuclear inspectors hold discussions about Iran’s nuclear program in Tehran. Visit, for instance, http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/02\/24\/iran-nuclear-program-iaea_n_1299497.html<\/a> and https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/newscenter\/focus\/iran<\/a><\/p>\n

2011<\/strong>\u00a0 North Korea raises concerns regarding nuclear testing; reports show they have dug tunnels at a nuclear test site located in Punggye-ri, North Hamgyong Province. Visit, for instance, http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/2011\/02\/20\/report-n-korea-likely-preparing-nuclear-test\/<\/a> http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_North_Korea<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2011\/02\/20\/us-korea-north-idUSTRE71J0AZ20110220<\/a> and \u00a0http:\/\/www.nti.org\/country-profiles\/north-korea\/nuclear\/<\/a><\/p>\n

2009<\/strong>\u00a0 Two Tamil Tigers aircraft packed with C4 explosives<\/a> en route to the national air force headquarters are shot down by the Sri Lankan military before reaching their target, in a kamikaze<\/a> style attack.<\/p>\n

2005<\/strong>\u00a0 Spain becomes the first country to vote in a referendum on ratification<\/a> of the proposed Constitution<\/a> of the European Union<\/a>, passing it by a substantial margin, but on a low turnout.<\/p>\n

1991<\/strong>\u00a0 A gigantic statue of Albania<\/a>‘s long-time leader, Enver Hoxha<\/a>, is brought down in the Albanian capital Tirana<\/a>, by mobs of angry protesters.<\/p>\n

1989<\/strong>\u00a0 An IRA<\/a> bomb destroys a section of a British Army barracks in Ternhill<\/a>, England.<\/p>\n

1988<\/strong>\u00a0 The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast<\/a> votes to secede from Azerbaijan<\/a> and join Armenia<\/a>, triggering the Nagorno-Karabakh War<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1978<\/strong>\u00a0 The last Order of Victory<\/a> is bestowed upon Leonid Brezhnev<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1975<\/strong>\u00a0 USSR performs nuclear test at Semipalitinsk, Eastern Kazakhstan USSR.<\/p>\n

1971<\/strong>\u00a0 The United States Emergency Broadcast System<\/a> is accidentally activated in an erroneous national alert.<\/p>\n

\u201cAt 9:33 a.m. EST, the National Emergency Warning Center at the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) headquarters in Colorado Springs allegedly transmitted an emergency teletype message directing all U.S. radio and television stations to cease normal broadcasting by order of President Richard Nixon. The message was not cancelled for more than 40 minutes. This incident may have been caused by a teletype operator loading the wrong tape instead of the routine Emergency Broadcast Network test broadcast. Nevertheless, newsrooms across America were in turmoil and the public was unnecessarily panicked. (Source: Jesus Diaz. This Message From NORAD Announced Global Nuclear War \u2013 In 1971. <\/em>July 5, 2012. http:\/\/gizmodo.com\/5923528\/this-message-from-norad-announced-world-nuclear-war-in-1971<\/a> accessed January 7, 2015.)\u201d Quoted from http:\/\/www.wagingpeace.org\/february-this-month-in-nuclear-threat-history\/<\/a><\/p>\n

1966<\/strong>\u00a0 Author Valery Tarsis banished in USSR (= departure from USSR). Visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valery_Tarsis<\/a> and http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1983\/03\/04\/obituaries\/valery-tarsis-is-dead-soviet-emigre-novelist.html<\/a><\/p>\n

1959<\/strong>\u00a0 The Avro Arrow<\/a> program to design and manufacture supersonic<\/a> jet fighters<\/a> in Canada is cancelled by the Diefenbaker<\/a> government amid much political debate.<\/p>\n

1944<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II: The United States takes Eniwetok<\/a> Island.<\/p>\n

1944<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II<\/a>: The “Big Week<\/a>” began with American bomber raids on German aircraft manufacturing centers.<\/p>\n

1943<\/strong>\u00a0 The Saturday Evening Post<\/a><\/em> publishes the first of Norman Rockwell<\/a>‘s Four Freedoms<\/a><\/em> in support of United States President Franklin Roosevelt<\/a>‘s 1941 State of the Union address<\/a> theme of Four Freedoms<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1943<\/strong>\u00a0 American movie studio<\/a> executives agree to allow the Office of War Information<\/a> to censor movies.<\/p>\n

1942<\/strong>\u00a0 Lieutenant Edward O’Hare<\/a> becomes America’s first World War II flying ace<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1941<\/strong>\u00a0 Nazis order Polish Jews barred from using public transportation. For the timeline of Jewish persecution, including this event, by Nazi, visit, for instance, http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/religion\/judaism?p=4<\/a> and\/or http:\/\/www.ibuzzle.com\/articles\/history-and-timeline-of-the-holocaust.html<\/a><\/p>\n

1941<\/strong>\u00a0 Romania breaks relations with Netherlands. For more information on diplomatic relations between Romania and Netherlands, visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Romania<\/a> http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands<\/a> and \u00a0http:\/\/www.worldatwar.net\/timeline\/other\/diplomacy39-45.html<\/a><\/p>\n

1935<\/strong>\u00a0 Caroline Mikkelsen<\/a> becomes the first woman to set foot in Antarctica.<\/p>\n

1933<\/strong>\u00a0 Adolf Hitler<\/a> secretly meets<\/a> with German industrialists to arrange for financing of the Nazi Party<\/a>‘s upcoming election campaign.<\/p>\n

1929<\/strong>\u00a0 American Samoa organizes as territory of US. For American Samoa, visit http:\/\/www.fact-index.com\/a\/am\/american_samoa.html<\/a> and http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Samoa<\/a><\/p>\n

1921<\/strong>\u00a0 The Young Communist League of Czechoslovakia<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n

1913<\/strong>\u00a0 King O’Malley<\/a> drives in the first survey<\/a> peg to mark commencement of work on the construction of Canberra<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1901<\/strong>\u00a0 The legislature of Hawaii Territory<\/a> convenes for the first time.<\/p>\n

1877<\/strong>\u00a0 Tchaikovsky<\/a>‘s ballet Swan Lake<\/a><\/em> receives its premi\u00e8re performance at the Bolshoi Theatre<\/a> in Moscow.<\/p>\n

1872<\/strong>\u00a0 In New York City the Metropolitan Museum of Art<\/a> opens.<\/p>\n

1869<\/strong>\u00a0 Tennessee Governor W. C. Brownlow declares martial law in Ku Klux Klan crisis. For Ku Klux Klan, visit, for instance, http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/ku-klux-klan<\/a> ; and http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ku_Klux_Klan<\/a><\/p>\n

1865<\/strong>\u00a0 End of the Uruguayan War<\/a>, with a peace agreement between President Tom\u00e1s Villalba<\/a> and rebel leader Venancio Flores<\/a>, setting the scene for the destructive War of the Triple Alliance<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1864<\/strong>\u00a0 American Civil War<\/a>: Battle of Olustee<\/a> occurs \u2013 the largest battle fought in Florida<\/a> during the war.<\/p>\n

1846<\/strong>\u00a0 Polish insurgents lead an uprising in Krak\u00f3w<\/a> to incite a fight for national independence.<\/p>\n

1832<\/strong>\u00a0 Charles Darwin visits Fernando Noronha in Atlantic Ocean.<\/p>\n

1816<\/strong>\u00a0 Rossini’s<\/a> opera The Barber of Seville<\/a><\/em> premieres at the Teatro Argentina<\/a> in Rome.<\/p>\n

1813<\/strong>\u00a0 Manuel Belgrano<\/a> defeats the royalist<\/a> army of P\u00edo de Trist\u00e1n<\/a> during the Battle of Salta<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1810<\/strong>\u00a0 Andreas Hofer<\/a>, Tirolean<\/a> patriot and leader of rebellion against Napoleon<\/a>‘s forces, is executed.<\/p>\n

\n

\n

FEBRUARY 21<\/strong><\/p>\n

2008<\/strong>\u00a0 US Navy destroys a U.S. spy satellite with a missile. Visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikinews.org\/wiki\/US_Navy_successfully_destroys_disabled_spy_satellite<\/a> http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USA-193<\/a> and http:\/\/www.rte.ie\/news\/2008\/0221\/99864-space\/<\/a><\/p>\n

1975<\/strong>\u00a0 Watergate scandal<\/a>: Former United States Attorney General<\/a> John N. Mitchell<\/a> and former White House<\/a> aides H. R. Haldeman<\/a> and John Ehrlichman<\/a> are sentenced to prison.<\/p>\n

1974<\/strong>\u00a0 The last Israeli soldiers leave the west bank of the Suez Canal<\/a> pursuant to a truce with Egypt<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1973<\/strong>\u00a0 Over the Sinai Desert<\/a>, Israeli<\/a> fighter aircraft<\/a> shoot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114<\/a> jet killing 108.<\/p>\n

1972<\/strong>\u00a0 President<\/a> Richard Nixon<\/a> visits the People’s Republic of China<\/a> to normalize Sino-American relations<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1971<\/strong>\u00a0 The Convention on Psychotropic Substances<\/a> is signed at Vienna<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1965<\/strong>\u00a0 Malcolm X<\/a> is assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom<\/a> in New York City by members of the Nation of Islam<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1963<\/strong>\u00a0 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.<\/p>\n

1958<\/strong>\u00a0 The peace symbol<\/a>, commissioned by Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament<\/a> in protest against the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment<\/a>, is designed and completed by Gerald Holtom<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1952<\/strong>\u00a0 The Bengali Language Movement<\/a> protests occur at the University of Dhaka<\/a> in East Pakistan<\/a> (now Bangladesh<\/a>).<\/p>\n

1952<\/strong>\u00a0 The British government<\/a>, under Winston Churchill<\/a>, abolishes identity cards<\/a> in the UK<\/a> to “set the people free”.<\/p>\n

1945<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II<\/a>: Japanese<\/a> Kamikaze<\/a> planes sink the escort carrier USS\u00a0Bismarck Sea<\/em><\/a> and damage the USS\u00a0Saratoga<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

1942<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II\/Asia-Pacific War: Operation Sook Ching<\/em> is begun to be implemented in Singapore (until 4 March 1942). \u201cOperation Sook Ching was a Japanese military operation aimed at purging or eliminating anti-Japanese elements from the Chinese community in Singapore. From 21 February to 4 March 1942, Chinese males between the ages of 18 and 50 were summoned to various mass screening centres and those suspected of being anti-Japanese were executed.\u201d (Source: http:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/infopedia\/articles\/SIP_40_2005-01-24.html<\/a>) \u00a0For more information on this massacre event, visit, in addition to the above mentioned website, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sook_Ching<\/a> http:\/\/japanfocus.org\/-Hayashi-Hirofumi\/3187<\/a> http:\/\/www.asiauncovered.net\/2013\/09\/haunted-changi-beach-park.html<\/a> http:\/\/wdlhysec2a26.blogspot.com\/2013\/02\/sook-ching-massacre.html<\/a> http:\/\/www.viator.com\/tours\/Singapore\/Changi-WWII-War-Trail-and-Museum-Tour\/d18-2984CHA<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 and\/or http:\/\/eastcoastlife.blogspot.com\/2008\/09\/sook-ching-massacre-in-singapore-ruby.html<\/a><\/p>\n

1937<\/strong>\u00a0 The League of Nations<\/a> bans foreign national “volunteers<\/a>” in the Spanish Civil War<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1921<\/strong>\u00a0 Rez\u0101 Sh\u0101h<\/a> takes control of Tehran during a successful coup<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1921<\/strong>\u00a0 Constituent Assembly<\/a> of the Democratic Republic of Georgia<\/a> adopts the country’s first constitution.<\/p>\n

1919<\/strong>\u00a0 German socialist Kurt Eisner<\/a> is assassinated<\/a>. His death results in the establishment of the Bavarian Soviet Republic<\/a> and parliament and government fleeing Munich<\/a>, Germany<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1916<\/strong>\u00a0 World War I<\/a>: In France<\/a>, the Battle of Verdun<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n

1913<\/strong>\u00a0 Ioannina<\/a> is incorporated into the Greek state<\/a> after the Balkan Wars<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1862<\/strong>\u00a0 American Civil War<\/a>: Battle of Valverde<\/a> is fought near Fort Craig<\/a> in New Mexico Territory<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1848<\/strong>\u00a0 Karl Marx<\/a> and Friedrich Engels<\/a> publish The Communist Manifesto<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n

1808<\/strong>\u00a0 Without a previous declaration of war, Russian troops cross the border to Sweden at Abborfors in eastern Finland, thus beginning the Finnish war<\/a>, in which Sweden will lose the eastern half of the country (i.e. Finland) to Russia.<\/p>\n

1804<\/strong>\u00a0 The first self-propelling steam locomotive<\/a> makes its outing at the Pen-y-Darren Ironworks<\/a> in Wales<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1543<\/strong>\u00a0 Battle of Wayna Daga<\/a> \u2013 A combined army of Ethiopian<\/a> and Portuguese<\/a> troops defeats a Muslim<\/a> army led by Ahmed Gragn<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1440<\/strong>\u00a0 The Prussian Confederation<\/a> is formed.<\/p>\n

\n

\n

FEBRUARY 22<\/strong><\/p>\n

2011<\/strong>\u00a0 Bahraini uprising<\/a>: Tens of thousands of people march in protest<\/a> against the deaths of seven victims killed by police and army forces during previous protests.<\/p>\n

1997<\/strong>\u00a0 In Roslin, Scotland<\/a>, scientists announce that an adult sheep named Dolly<\/a> has been successfully cloned<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1991<\/strong>\u00a0 Bush and US Gulf War allies give Iraq 24 hours to begin Kuwait withdrawal. Visit http:\/\/mukundsathe.com\/2014\/02\/22\/this-day-in-history-22-feb-1991-bush-us-gulf-war-allies-give-iraq-24-hrs-to-begin-kuwait-withdrawal\/<\/a> \u00a0For more relevant information on the Gulf War, visit, for instance, \u00a0http:\/\/wikipedia.or.ke\/index.php\/Desert_Storm#Air_campaign<\/a><\/p>\n

1986<\/strong>\u00a0 Start of the People Power Revolution<\/a> in the Philippines<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1979<\/strong>\u00a0 Independence of Saint Lucia<\/a> from the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n

1974<\/strong>\u00a0 The Organisation of the Islamic Conference<\/a> summit begins in Lahore<\/a>, Pakistan. Thirty-seven countries attend and twenty-two heads of state and government participate. It also recognizes Bangladesh<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1973<\/strong>\u00a0 Cold War<\/a>: Following President Richard Nixon<\/a>‘s visit<\/a> to the People’s Republic of China, the two countries agree to establish liaison<\/a> offices.<\/p>\n

1972<\/strong>\u00a0 The Official Irish Republican Army<\/a> detonates a car bomb<\/a> at Aldershot<\/a> barracks, killing seven and injuring nineteen others.<\/p>\n

1958<\/strong>\u00a0 Egypt<\/a> and Syria<\/a> join to form the United Arab Republic<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1948<\/strong>\u00a0 Communist<\/a> revolution in Czechoslovakia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1943<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II: Members of the White Rose<\/a> resistance, Sophie Scholl<\/a>, Hans Scholl<\/a>, and Christoph Probst<\/a> are executed in Nazi Germany<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1941<\/strong>\u00a0 Nazi SS begin rounding up Jews of Amsterdam. \u00a0Visit, for instance, http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10005434<\/a> http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/occamsterdam.html<\/a> and\/or http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Jews_in_Amsterdam<\/a><\/p>\n

1921<\/strong>\u00a0 After Russian forces under Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg<\/a> drive the Chinese out, the Bogd Khan<\/a> is reinstalled as the emperor<\/a> of Mongolia.<\/p>\n

1916<\/strong>\u00a0 World War I<\/a>: Germany institutes unrestricted submarine warfare<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1899<\/strong>\u00a0 Filipino forces<\/a> led by General Antonio Luna<\/a> launch counterattacks for the first time<\/a> against the American forces during the Philippine\u2013American War<\/a>. The Filipinos fail to regain Manila from the Americans.<\/p>\n

1848<\/strong>\u00a0 The French Revolution of 1848<\/a>, which would lead to the establishment of the French Second Republic<\/a>, begins.<\/p>\n

1847<\/strong>\u00a0 Mexican\u2013American War<\/a>: The Battle of Buena Vista<\/a> \u2013 5,000 American troops defeat 15,000 Mexicans<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1821<\/strong>\u00a0 Greek War of Independence<\/a>: Alexander Ypsilantis<\/a> crosses the Prut<\/a> river at Sculeni<\/a> into the Danubian Principalities<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1819<\/strong>\u00a0 By the Adams\u2013On\u00eds Treaty<\/a>, Spain sells Florida<\/a> to the United States for five million US dollars.<\/p>\n

1797<\/strong>\u00a0 The Last Invasion of Britain<\/a> begins near Fishguard<\/a>, Wales.<\/p>\n

1744<\/strong>\u00a0 War of the Austrian Succession<\/a>: The Battle of Toulon<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n

______________________________<\/p>\n

Satoshi Ashikaga is a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment originally from Japan.<\/em><\/p>\n

(Sources and references: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/February_16<\/a> to February_22; \u00a0http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/february_16.html<\/a> to February_15; http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/events\/february\/16<\/a> to February\/22; and other relevant websites and\/or documents, mentioned above.)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

February 16\u201322 – Quote of the Week: \u201cI refuse to accept the view that mankind is so tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism and war that the bright daybreak of peace and brotherhood can never become a reality… I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word.\u201d \u2013 Martin Luther King, Jr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53783","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53783"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53783\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}