{"id":55627,"date":"2015-03-30T12:00:21","date_gmt":"2015-03-30T11:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=55627"},"modified":"2015-05-05T21:25:54","modified_gmt":"2015-05-05T20:25:54","slug":"this-week-in-history-17","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/03\/this-week-in-history-17\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mar 30\u2013Apr 5 <\/em><\/p>\n

QUOTE OF THE WEEK:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cMost of the things worth doing in the world had been declared impossible before they were done.<\/em>\u201d<\/a> — Louise D. Brandeis<\/p>\n

\u00a0MARCH 30<\/strong><\/p>\n

2013\u00a0 <\/strong>DPRK (<\/strong>North Korea)<\/a> declares it is at a state of war with ROK (South Korea)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– Visit, for instance, North Korea says enters \u2018state of war\u2019 against South<\/a> ;_ North Korea Reportedly Entering \u2018State of War\u2019 Against South Korea<\/a> ; _and\/or Here\u2019s North Korea\u2019s Official Declaration of \u2018War\u2019<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– For DPRK, visit, for instance, NKNEWS.ORG<\/a> and\/or the official webpage of DPR of Korea<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2006\u00a0 <\/strong>The United Kingdom Terrorism Act 2006<\/a> becomes a law.<\/p>\n

1984\u00a0 <\/strong>US ends participation in the Multinational Force in Lebanon (MNF)<\/a>, an international peacekeeping force.<\/p>\n

– V<\/strong>isit, for instance, TEXT OF PRESIDENT\u2019S LETTER ON MULTINATIONAL FORCE<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1983\u00a0 <\/strong>USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh\/Semipalitinsk, USSR.<\/p>\n

1981\u00a0 <\/strong>U.S. President<\/a> Ronald Reagan<\/a> is shot in the chest<\/a> outside a Washington, D.C.<\/a>, hotel by John Hinckley, Jr.<\/a> Another two people are wounded at the same time.<\/p>\n

1979\u00a0 <\/strong>Airey Neave<\/a>, a British Member of Parliament<\/a>, is killed by a car bomb as he exits the Palace of Westminster<\/a>. The Irish National Liberation Army<\/a> claims responsibility.<\/p>\n

1976\u00a0 <\/strong>The first Land Day<\/a> protests are held in Israel\/Palestine.<\/p>\n

1972\u00a0 <\/strong>Vietnam War: The Easter Offensive<\/a> begins after North Vietnamese<\/a> forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone<\/a> (DMZ) of South Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1965\u00a0 <\/strong>Vietnam War<\/a>: A car bomb<\/a> explodes in front of the United States Embassy, Saigon<\/a>, killing 22 and wounding 183 others.<\/p>\n

1961\u00a0 <\/strong>The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs<\/a> is signed in New York City<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1949\u00a0 <\/strong>A riot breaks out in Austurv\u00f6llur<\/a> square in Reykjav\u00edk<\/a>, when Iceland<\/a> joins NATO<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Soviet<\/a> forces<\/a> invade Austria<\/a> and capture Vienna<\/a>; Polish<\/a> and Soviet forces liberate Danzig<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1944\u00a0 <\/strong>Allied bombing raid<\/a> on Nuremberg<\/a>. Along the English eastern coast 795 aircraft are dispatched, including 572 Lancasters<\/a>, 214 Halifaxes<\/a> and 9 Mosquitos<\/a>. The bombers meet resistance at the coasts of Belgium<\/a> and the Netherlands<\/a> from German fighters. In total, 95 bombers are lost, making it the largest RAF Bomber Command<\/a> loss of World War II.<\/p>\n

1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II<\/a>: Allied<\/a> bombers conduct their most severe bombing run<\/a> on Sofia<\/a>, Bulgaria<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1940\u00a0 <\/strong>Second Sino-Japanese War<\/a>: Japan<\/a> declares Nanking<\/a> capital of a new Chinese puppet government<\/a>, nominally controlled by Wang Jingwei<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1926\u00a0 <\/strong>Stalin<\/a> supports rights of non-Serbian Yugoslavians.<\/p>\n

– For pertinent subjects, visit, for instance, The Free Dictionary: Yugoslavia<\/a> ; State: Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija)<\/a> ; Serbia (Srbija) and Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija)<\/a> ; Timelines: Yugoslavia<\/a> ; Tito\u2019s Last Secret: How Did He Keep the Yugoslavs Together?<\/a> ; _ and\/or _ Understanding Yugoslavia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1918\u00a0 <\/strong>Outburst of bloody March Events<\/a> in Baku<\/a> and other locations of Baku Governorate<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1912\u00a0 <\/strong>Sultan<\/a> Abdelhafid<\/a> signs the Treaty of Fez<\/a>, making Morocco<\/a> a French<\/a> protectorate<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1899\u00a0 <\/strong>German Society of Chemistry issues an invitation to other national scientific organizations to appoint delegates to the International Committee on Atomic Weights<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1885\u00a0 <\/strong>The Battle for Kushka<\/a> triggers the Panjdeh Incident<\/a> which nearly gives rise to war between the British Empire<\/a> and Russian Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1867\u00a0 <\/strong>Alaska<\/a> is purchased<\/a> from Russia<\/a> for $7.2 million, about 2-cent\/acre ($4.19\/km\u00b2), by United States Secretary of State<\/a> William H. Seward<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1856\u00a0 <\/strong>The Treaty of Paris<\/a> is signed, ending the Crimean War<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1855\u00a0 <\/strong>Origins of the American Civil War<\/a>: Bleeding Kansas<\/a> \u2013 “Border Ruffians<\/a>” from Missouri<\/a> invade Kansas<\/a> and force election of a pro-slavery<\/a> legislature.<\/p>\n

1844\u00a0 <\/strong>One of the most important battles<\/a> of the Dominican War of Independence<\/a> from Haiti<\/a> takes place near the city of Santiago de los Caballeros<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

MARCH 31<\/strong><\/p>\n

2014\u00a0 <\/strong>The International Court of Justice at the U.N. agrees that Japanese whaling is conducted for commercial purposes, not scientific research; Japan accepts the order to cease all whaling activities in the Antarctic.<\/a><\/p>\n

– Visit, for instance, ICJ rules against Japanese whaling<\/a> ; _ and _ BREAKING: Japan\u2019s \u2018research whaling\u2019 ruled illegal by International Court of Justice<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2011\u00a0 <\/strong>After protests against the burning of the Quran<\/a> turn violent, a mob attacks a United Nations<\/a> compound in Mazar-i-Sharif<\/a>, Afghanistan, resulting in the deaths of thirteen people, including eight foreign workers.<\/p>\n

2009\u00a0 <\/strong>Croatia<\/a> and Albania<\/a> join NATO<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2004\u00a0 <\/strong>Iraq War in Anbar Province<\/a>: In Fallujah<\/a>, Iraq, four American private military contractors<\/a> working for Blackwater USA<\/a>, are killed after being ambushed<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1995\u00a0 <\/strong>End of the US military campaign in Somalia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– Visit, for instance, Somalia: Civil War, Intervention and Withdrawal 1990 \u2013 1995<\/a> ; _ and _ Wikipedia: Somali Civil War<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1991\u00a0 <\/strong>Georgian independence referendum, 1991<\/a>: Nearly 99 percent of the voters support the country’s independence from the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n

1964\u00a0 <\/strong>A coup d’\u00e9tat in Brazil<\/a> establishes a military government<\/a>, under the aegis of general Castelo Branco<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1959\u00a0 <\/strong>The 14th Dalai Lama<\/a>, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– Visit, for instance, The Tibetan Uprising in 1959<\/a> ;_ Wikipedia: 1959 Tibetan Uprising<\/a> ;_ and\/or _ This Day in History: Dalai Lama begins exile<\/a> ;_ March 31, 1959, Dalai Lama Exile Begins<\/a> ;_ and _ Why Tibet? HISTORY LEADING UP TO 10TH<\/sup> 1959<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: a defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt Me 262A-1<\/a>, the world’s first operational jet-powered<\/a> fighter aircraft<\/a>, to the Americans, the first to fall into Allied hands.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: a defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt Me 262A-1<\/a>, the world’s first operational jet-powered<\/a> fighter aircraft<\/a>, to the Americans, the first to fall into Allied hands.<\/p>\n

1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II<\/a>: Japanese forces invade Christmas Island<\/a>, then a British possession.<\/p>\n

1899\u00a0 <\/strong>Malolos<\/a>, capital of the First Philippine Republic<\/a>, was captured by American forces<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1918\u00a0 <\/strong>Daylight saving time<\/a> goes into effect in the United States for the first time.<\/p>\n

1918\u00a0 <\/strong>Massacre of ethnic Azerbaijanis<\/a> is committed by allied armed groups of Armenian Revolutionary Federation<\/a> and Bolsheviks<\/a>. Nearly 12,000 Azerbaijani Muslims are killed.<\/p>\n

1909\u00a0 <\/strong>Serbia<\/a> accepts Austrian control over Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1889\u00a0 <\/strong>The Eiffel Tower<\/a> is officially opened.<\/p>\n

1885\u00a0 <\/strong>The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate<\/a> over Bechuanaland<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1866\u00a0 <\/strong>The Spanish Navy bombs the harbor of Valpara\u00edso<\/a>, Chile.<\/p>\n

1854\u00a0 <\/strong>Commodore<\/a> Matthew Perry<\/a> signs the Treaty of Kanagawa<\/a> with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda<\/a> and Hakodate<\/a> to American trade.<\/p>\n

1822\u00a0 <\/strong>The massacre of the population<\/a> of the Greek island of Chios<\/a> by soldiers of the Ottoman Empire<\/a> following an attempted rebellion, depicted by the French artist Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1774\u00a0 <\/strong>American Revolutionary War<\/a>: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston<\/a>, Massachusetts<\/a> closed pursuant to the Boston Port Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

APRIL 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

2011\u00a0 <\/strong>After protests against the burning of the Quran<\/a> turn violent, a mob attacks a United Nations<\/a> compound in Mazar-i-Sharif<\/a>, Afghanistan, resulting in the deaths of thirteen people, including eight foreign workers.<\/p>\n

2009\u00a0 <\/strong>Croatia<\/a> and Albania<\/a> join NATO<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2006\u00a0 <\/strong>The Serious Organised Crime Agency<\/a>, dubbed the “British FBI”, is created in the United Kingdom<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2001\u00a0 <\/strong>Same-sex marriage<\/a> becomes legal in the Netherlands<\/a>, the first<\/a> contemporary country to allow it.<\/p>\n

1999\u00a0 <\/strong>Nunavut<\/a> is established as a Canadian<\/a> territory carved out of the eastern part of the Northwest Territories<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1989\u00a0 <\/strong>Margaret Thatcher<\/a>‘s new local government<\/a> tax, the Community Charge<\/a> (commonly known as the “poll tax”), is introduced in Scotland<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1986\u00a0 <\/strong>Sector Kanda<\/a>: Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal)<\/a> cadres attacks a number of police stations in Kathmandu<\/a>, seeking to incite a popular rebellion.<\/p>\n

1979\u00a0 <\/strong>Iran<\/a> becomes an Islamic republic<\/a> by a 99% vote<\/a>, officially overthrowing the Shah<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1976\u00a0 <\/strong>Apple Inc.<\/a> is formed by Steve Jobs<\/a>, Steve Wozniak<\/a>, and Ronald Wayne<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1973\u00a0 <\/strong>Project Tiger<\/a>, a tiger<\/a> conservation project, is launched in the Corbett National Park<\/a>, India<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1971\u00a0 <\/strong>Bangladesh Liberation War<\/a>: The Pakistan Army<\/a> massacre<\/a> over 1,000 people in Keraniganj Upazila<\/a>, Bangladesh<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1970\u00a0 <\/strong>President Richard Nixon<\/a> signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act<\/a> into law, requiring the Surgeon General<\/a>‘s warnings on tobacco products and banning cigarette<\/a> advertisements on television<\/a> and radio<\/a> in the United States<\/a>, starting on January 1, 1971.<\/p>\n

1961<\/strong>\u00a0 Single Integrated Operation Plan goes into effect<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1960\u00a0 <\/strong>France performs nuclear test at Reggane Proving Grounds, Algeria.<\/p>\n

– Visit French Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Database<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– Visit Wikipedia: France and weapons of mass destruction<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1955\u00a0 <\/strong>The EOKA<\/a> rebellion against the British Empire begins in Cyprus<\/a>, with the goal of obtaining the desired unification (“enosis”) with Greece.<\/p>\n

1952\u00a0 <\/strong>US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.<\/p>\n

1949 <\/strong>The 26 counties of the Irish Free State<\/a> become Ireland<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1949\u00a0 <\/strong>Chinese Civil War<\/a>: The Chinese Communist Party<\/a> holds unsuccessful peace talks with the Nationalist Party<\/a> in Beijing<\/a>, after three years of fighting.<\/p>\n

1948\u00a0 <\/strong>Faroe Islands<\/a> gain autonomy<\/a> from Denmark<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1948\u00a0 <\/strong>Cold War<\/a>: Berlin Airlift<\/a> \u2014 Military forces<\/a>, under direction of the Soviet<\/a>-controlled government<\/a> in East Germany<\/a>, set-up a land blockade of West Berlin<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II<\/a>: Operation Iceberg<\/a> \u2013 United States<\/a> troops land on Okinawa<\/a> in the last major campaign of the war.<\/p>\n

1941\u00a0 <\/strong>A military coup<\/a> in Iraq<\/a> overthrows the regime of ‘Abd al-Ilah<\/a> and installs Rashid Ali<\/a> as Prime Minister<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1941\u00a0 <\/strong>The Blockade Runner Badge<\/a> for the German<\/a> navy is instituted.<\/p>\n

1941\u00a0 <\/strong>F\u00e2nt\u00e2na Alb\u0103 massacre<\/a>: between 200 and 2,000 Romanian<\/a> civilians are killed by Soviet Border Guards<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1939\u00a0 <\/strong>Spanish Civil War: General\u00edsimo<\/a> Francisco Franco<\/a> of the Spanish State<\/a> announces the end of the Spanish Civil War, when the last of the Republican<\/a> forces surrender.<\/p>\n

1937\u00a0 <\/strong>Spanish Civil War<\/a>: Ja\u00e9n, Spain<\/a> is bombed<\/a> by Nazi forces.<\/p>\n

1936\u00a0 <\/strong>Odisha<\/a> formerly known as Kalinga<\/a> or Utkal becomes a state in India<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1933\u00a0 <\/strong>The recently elected Nazis<\/a> under Julius Streicher<\/a> organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish<\/a>-owned businesses in Germany<\/a>, ushering in a series of anti-Semitic<\/a> acts.<\/p>\n

1924\u00a0 <\/strong>Adolf Hitler<\/a> is sentenced to five years in jail<\/a> for his participation in the “Beer Hall Putsch<\/a>“. However, he spends only nine months in jail, during which he writes Mein Kampf<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n

1919\u00a0 <\/strong>The Staatliches Bauhaus<\/a> school is founded by Walter Gropius<\/a> in Weimar<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1867\u00a0 <\/strong>Singapore<\/a> becomes a British<\/a> crown colony<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

APRIL 2<\/strong><\/p>\n

2014\u00a0 <\/strong>The US National Security Agency confirms that it has been using a legal loophole to search phone calls and emails of Americans without a warrant<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– Visit also, for instance, NSA Confirms Warrantless Searches of Americans<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2013 <\/strong>The UN General Assembly of 2 April 2013 (71st Plenary Meeting) adopts the Arms Trade Treaty<\/a> as a resolution by a 154-to-3 vote with 23 abstentions. North Korea<\/a>, Iran<\/a>, and Syria<\/a> voted in opposition.<\/p>\n

– Text of the Arms Trade Treaty<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2004\u00a0 <\/strong>Islamist<\/a> terrorists<\/a> involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks<\/a> attempt to bomb the Spanish high-speed train AVE<\/a> near Madrid<\/a>; the attack is thwarted.<\/p>\n

2002\u00a0 <\/strong>Israeli<\/a> forces surround the Church of the Nativity<\/a> in Bethlehem<\/a> into which armed Palestinians<\/a> had retreated; a siege ensues.<\/p>\n

1994 <\/strong>The National Convention of New Sudan<\/a> of the SPLA\/M<\/a> opens in Chukudum<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1989 <\/strong>Soviet<\/a> leader Mikhail Gorbachev<\/a> arrives in Havana<\/a>, Cuba<\/a> to meet with Fidel Castro<\/a> in an attempt to mend strained relations.<\/p>\n

1985\u00a0 <\/strong>US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.<\/p>\n

1982\u00a0 <\/strong>Falklands War<\/a>: Argentina invades the Falkland Islands<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1975\u00a0 <\/strong>Vietnam War<\/a>: Thousands of civilian refugees<\/a> flee from Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i Province<\/a> in front of advancing North Vietnamese<\/a> troops.<\/p>\n

1973\u00a0 <\/strong>The Liberal Movement<\/a> breaks away from the Liberal and Country League<\/a> in South Australia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 <\/strong>Diplomatic relations<\/a> between the Soviet Union<\/a> and Brazil<\/a> are established.<\/p>\n

1930\u00a0 <\/strong>After the mysterious death of Empress Zewditu<\/a>, Haile Selassie<\/a> is proclaimed emperor of Ethiopia<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1921\u00a0 <\/strong>The Autonomous Government of Khorasan<\/a>, a military government encompassing the modern state of Iran<\/a>, is established.<\/p>\n

1917\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I<\/a>: United States President Woodrow Wilson<\/a> asks the U.S. Congress<\/a> for a declaration of war<\/a> on Germany<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1902<\/strong>\u00a0 Dmitry Sipyagin<\/a>, Minister of Interior<\/a> of the Russian Empire<\/a>, is assassinated in the Marie Palace<\/a>, St Petersburg<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1801\u00a0 <\/strong>Napoleonic Wars<\/a>: Battle of Copenhagen<\/a> \u2013 The British<\/a> capture the Danish fleet.<\/p>\n

APRIL 3<\/strong><\/p>\n

2004\u00a0 <\/strong>Islamic<\/a> terrorists<\/a> involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks<\/a> are trapped by the police in their apartment and kill themselves.<\/p>\n

1997\u00a0 <\/strong>The Thalit massacre<\/a> begins in Algeria<\/a>; all but one of the 53 inhabitants of Thalit<\/a> are killed by guerrillas.<\/p>\n

1988\u00a0 <\/strong>USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh\/Semipalitinsk, USSR.<\/p>\n

1987\u00a0 <\/strong>USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh\/Semipalitinsk, USSR.<\/p>\n

1985\u00a0 <\/strong>French government adopts equal electoral system<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– Visit, for instance, French Regional elections: With \u2018proportional\u2019 system, the devil is in the datails\u2026<\/a> ; _ Wikipedia: Proportional representation<\/a> ;_and\/or_ PROPORTIONAL REPRESETATION VOTING SYSTEMS<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1980\u00a0 <\/strong>US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.<\/p>\n

1980\u00a0 <\/strong>France performs nuclear test.<\/p>\n

1976\u00a0 <\/strong>France performs nuclear test at Muruora, Island.<\/p>\n

1973\u00a0 <\/strong>Martin Cooper<\/a> of Motorola<\/a> makes the first handheld mobile phone call<\/a> to Joel S. Engel<\/a> of Bell Labs<\/a>, though it took ten years for the DynaTAC 8000X<\/a> to become the first such phone to be commercially released.<\/p>\n

1969\u00a0 <\/strong>Vietnam War<\/a>: United States Secretary of Defense<\/a> Melvin Laird<\/a> announces that the United States will start to “Vietnamize<\/a>” the war effort.<\/p>\n

1968\u00a0 <\/strong>Martin Luther King, Jr.<\/a> delivers his “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop<\/a>” speech.<\/p>\n

1957\u00a0 <\/strong>USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test.<\/p>\n

1955\u00a0 <\/strong>The American Civil Liberties Union<\/a> announces it will defend Allen Ginsberg<\/a>‘s book Howl<\/a><\/em> against obscenity<\/a> charges.<\/p>\n

1948\u00a0 <\/strong>In Jeju<\/a>, South Korea<\/a>, a civil-war-like period of violence and human rights abuses<\/a> begins, known as the Jeju massacre<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1948\u00a0 <\/strong>President<\/a> Harry S. Truman<\/a> signs the Marshall Plan<\/a>, authorizing $5\u00a0billion in aid for 16 countries.<\/p>\n

1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II<\/a>: Japanese<\/a> forces begin an assault on the United States<\/a> and Filipino<\/a> troops on the Bataan Peninsula<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1922\u00a0 <\/strong>Joseph Stalin<\/a> becomes the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1919\u00a0 <\/strong>Austria expels all Habsburgers. Visit, for instance, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_of_Habsburg<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

APRIL 4<\/strong><\/p>\n

2014\u00a0 <\/strong>President of the World Bank, Jim Yong Kim, claims that climate change will lead to battles over water and food within the next five to ten years.<\/a><\/p>\n

– For pertinent articles, visit, for instance, Industry vs. Environment: The Battle over Climate Change<\/a> ;_ New Climate Battle over Food Pyramid; $784M needed to Repair Great Barrier Reef<\/a> ;_ Climate change starting a fast-food chicken war<\/a> ;_ and\/or _ Fight climate change by eating less meat<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2002\u00a0 <\/strong>The Angolan<\/a> government and UNITA<\/a> rebels sign a peace treaty ending the Angolan Civil War<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1991\u00a0 <\/strong>The current flag of Hong Kong<\/a> is adopted for post-colonial Hong Kong<\/a> during the Third Session of the Seventh National People’s Congress<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1984<\/strong>\u00a0 President Ronald Reagan<\/a> calls for an international ban on chemical weapons<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1981\u00a0 <\/strong>The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force<\/a> mounts an attack on H-3 Airbase<\/a> and destroys about 50 Iraqi aircraft.<\/p>\n

1980\u00a0 <\/strong>USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh\/Semipalitinsk, USSR.<\/p>\n

1979\u00a0 <\/strong>Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto<\/a> of Pakistan<\/a> is executed.<\/p>\n

1976 <\/strong>Prince Norodom Sihanouk<\/a> resigns as leader of Cambodia<\/a> and is placed under house arrest.<\/p>\n

1975\u00a0 <\/strong>Vietnam War<\/a>: Operation Baby Lift<\/a> \u2013 A United States Air Force<\/a> Lockheed C-5A Galaxy<\/a> transporting orphans, crashes near Saigon<\/a>, South Vietnam<\/a> shortly after takeoff; 172 die.<\/p>\n

1975\u00a0 <\/strong>Microsoft<\/a> is founded as a partnership between Bill Gates<\/a> and Paul Allen<\/a> in Albuquerque, New Mexico<\/a><\/p>\n

1969\u00a0 <\/strong>The World Trade Center<\/a> in New York<\/a> is officially dedicated.<\/p>\n

1969\u00a0 <\/strong>Dr. Denton Cooley<\/a> implants the first temporary artificial heart<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1968\u00a0 <\/strong>Martin Luther King, Jr. is assassinated by James Earl Ray<\/a> at a motel in Memphis, Tennessee<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1967\u00a0 <\/strong>Martin Luther King, Jr.<\/a> delivers his “Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence” speech in New York City<\/a>‘s Riverside Church<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1966<\/strong>\u00a0 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.<\/p>\n

1965\u00a0 <\/strong>The first model of the new Saab Viggen<\/a> fighter aircraft is unveiled.<\/p>\n

– Visit, for instance, Saab history – milestones<\/a> ; _ and\/or _ Swedish Air Force Historic Flight Preserves: Sweden\u2019s Unique Military Aviation Heritage<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– For military industrial complex, visit, for instance, Military-Industrial Complex<\/a> ;_ and _ Wikipedia: Military-Industrial Complex<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1960\u00a0 <\/strong>France<\/a> agrees to grant independence to the Mali Federation<\/a>, a union of Senegal<\/a> and French Sudan<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1958\u00a0 <\/strong>The CND<\/a> peace symbol<\/a> is displayed in public for the first time in London<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1949\u00a0 <\/strong>Twelve nations sign the North Atlantic Treaty<\/a> creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Soviet troops liberate from German occupation and\/or occupy Hungary<\/a>. (national Hungarian holiday<\/a> until 1990)<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: American troops liberate Ohrdruf forced labor camp<\/a> in Germany<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II<\/a>: First bombardment of oil refineries in Bucharest by Anglo-American forces<\/a> kills 3000 civilians.<\/p>\n

1930\u00a0 <\/strong>The Communist Party of Panama<\/a> is founded. The Communist Party of Panama<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n

1913\u00a0 <\/strong>First Balkan War<\/a>: Greek aviator Emmanouil Argyropoulos<\/a> becomes the first pilot to die in the Hellenic Air Force<\/a> when his plane crashes.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

APRIL 5<\/strong><\/p>\n

2009\u00a0 <\/strong>North Korea<\/a> launches its controversial Kwangmy\u014fngs\u014fng-2<\/a> rocket. The satellite passed over mainland Japan<\/a>, which prompted an immediate reaction from the United Nations Security Council<\/a>, as well as participating states of Six-party talks<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1999\u00a0 <\/strong>Two Libyans<\/a> suspected of bringing down Pan Am flight 103<\/a> in 1988<\/a> are handed over for eventual trial in the Netherlands.<\/p>\n

1992\u00a0 <\/strong>The Siege of Sarajevo<\/a> begins when Serb<\/a> paramilitaries<\/a> murder peace protesters Suada Dilberovic<\/a> and Olga Su\u010di\u0107<\/a> on the Vrbanja Bridge.<\/p>\n

– For Siege of Sarajevo overall, visit, for instance, Russia and Eastern Europe Chronology: Siege of Sarajevo 1992 – 1996<\/a> ;_ THE SIEGE OF SARAJEVO 1992 – 1996 (PHOTO STORY – PART 1)<\/a> ;_ THE SIEGE OF SARAJEVO MUSEUM \u2013 THE ART OF LIVING 1992 \u2013 1996 (FAMA COLLECTION)<\/a> ;_ Sarajevo 1992 \u2013 1995: looking back after 20 years<\/a> ; _ SURVIVAL MAP<\/a> ;_ Life and death on my street in Sarajevo<\/a> ; _ Sports of The Times; From Sarajevo 1984 To Sarajevo Today [1994]<\/a> ; _ and\/or _ Siege of Sarajevo (Opsada Sarajevo)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– Watch some documentary films\/videos on Siege of Sarajevo, among others, for instance, Love and Death in Sarajevo (Full Documentary)<\/a> ; _ A Sarajevo Diary: From bad to worse<\/a> ; _ and\/or _ Sector Sarajevo<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– For Sarajevo after the War, and\/or historical and other relevant issues, visit, for instance, Life After War: Sarajevo Today<\/a> ; Two Decades After Siege, Sarajevo Still A City Divided<\/a> ; _ Sarajevo: A Crossroads in History<\/a> ; and\/or _ Visual Jewish World: Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– In addition, visit, for instance _ From Sarajevo, a Girl and a Diary on Fear<\/a> ; _ Zlata Filipovi\u0107<\/a> ; _ and _ Cellist of Sarajevo (Real Life)<\/a> ; _ Vedran Smaijovi\u0107<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– One of the things that Bosnia did recently was this: Bosnia donates 550 tonnes of arms to Iraq, more may follow: minister<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1992\u00a0 <\/strong>Alberto Fujimori<\/a>, president of Peru, dissolves the Peruvian congress<\/a> by military force.<\/p>\n

1986\u00a0 <\/strong>Three people are killed in the bombing<\/a> of the La Belle Discoth\u00e8que<\/a> in West Berlin<\/a>, Germany<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1977\u00a0 <\/strong>US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.<\/p>\n

1976\u00a0 <\/strong>In the People’s Republic of China<\/a>, the April Fifth Movement<\/a> leads to the Tiananmen incident<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1971\u00a0 <\/strong>In Sri Lanka, Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna<\/a> launches a revolt against the United Front<\/a> government of Sirimavo Bandaranaike<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1969\u00a0 <\/strong>Vietnam War<\/a>: Massive antiwar demonstrations<\/a> occur in many U.S. cities.<\/p>\n

1965\u00a0 <\/strong>US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.<\/p>\n

1956\u00a0 <\/strong>Fidel Castro<\/a> declares himself at war with Cuban President<\/a> Fulgencio Batista<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1951\u00a0 <\/strong>Ethel and Julius Rosenberg<\/a> are sentenced to death for spying<\/a> for the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n

1946\u00a0 <\/strong>Soviet troops leave the island of Bornholm<\/a>, Denmark<\/a> after an 11-month occupation.<\/p>\n

1945\u00a0 <\/strong>Cold War<\/a>: Yugoslav<\/a> leader Josip Broz Tito<\/a> signs an agreement with the Soviet Union<\/a> to allow “temporary entry of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory”.<\/p>\n

1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: 270 inhabitants of the Greek town of Kleisoura<\/a> are executed by the Germans<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II<\/a>: The Imperial Japanese Navy<\/a> launches a carrier-based air attack on Colombo<\/a>, Ceylon<\/a> during the Indian Ocean Raid<\/a>. Port and civilian facilities are damaged and the Royal Navy<\/a> cruisers<\/a> HMS\u00a0Cornwall<\/em><\/a> and HMS\u00a0Dorsetshire<\/em><\/a> are sunk southwest of the island.<\/p>\n

1933\u00a0 <\/strong>U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a> signs two executive orders<\/a>: 6101 to establish the Civilian Conservation Corps<\/a>, and 6102<\/a> “forbidding the Hoarding of Gold Coin, Gold Bullion, and Gold Certificates” by U.S. citizens.<\/p>\n

1932\u00a0 <\/strong>Alcohol prohibition<\/a> in Finland<\/a> ends. Alcohol sales begin in Alko<\/a> liquor stores.<\/p>\n

1879\u00a0 <\/strong>Chile<\/a> declares war on Bolivia<\/a> and Peru<\/a>, starting the War of the Pacific<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1847\u00a0 <\/strong>Birkenhead Park<\/a>, the first civic public park in Britain, is opened in Birkenhead<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1818\u00a0 <\/strong>In the Battle of Maip\u00fa<\/a>, Chile<\/a>‘s independence movement \u2013 led by Bernardo O’Higgins<\/a> and Jos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn<\/a> \u2013 win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead.<\/p>\n

_________________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Satoshi Ashikaga is a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment originally from Japan.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Sources and references:<\/strong> http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/March_30<\/a> to April_5; http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/events\/march\/2http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/events\/april\/30<\/a> to april\/5; http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/march_30.html<\/a> to april_5; and other relevant documents and\/or websites, mentioned above.) Note that the views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mar 30\u2013Apr 5 – QUOTE OF THE WEEK: \u201cMost of the things worth doing in the world had been declared impossible before they were done.\u201d – Louise D. Brandeis<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55627"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55627\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}