{"id":59374,"date":"2015-06-15T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-06-15T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=59374"},"modified":"2015-06-15T21:20:44","modified_gmt":"2015-06-15T20:20:44","slug":"this-week-in-history-28","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/06\/this-week-in-history-28\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>June 15-21<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>QUOTE OF THE WEEK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyquote.com\/quotes\/quotes\/p\/pablopicas107571.html\" >\u201cI am always doing that which I cannot do, in order that I may learn how to do it.\u201d<\/a> <\/em>\u2013 Pablo Picasso<\/p>\n<p><strong>JUNE 15<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong>Leaders of the People&#8217;s Republic of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation\" >Shanghai Cooperation Organisation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vatican_City\" >Vatican City<\/a> establish full <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diplomatic_relations\" >diplomatic relations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States\" >United States Supreme Court<\/a> rules in <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_v._Alvarez-Machain\" >United States v. \u00c1lvarez-Macha\u00edn<\/a><\/em> that it is permissible for the United States to forcibly extradite suspects in foreign countries and bring them to the USA for trial, without approval from those other countries.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/us-9th-circuit\/1158601.html\" >Alvarez vs. United States<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ecases.us\/scotus\/zvZ\/united-states-v-alvarez-machain\/\" >United States vs. Alvarez-Machain<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extradition_law_in_the_United_States\" >Extradition law in the United States<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.shestokas.com\/general-law\/interstate-extradition-in-the-united-states\/\" >Inerstate Extradition in the United States<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sog.unc.edu\/sites\/www.sog.unc.edu\/files\/Extradition%20%28advanced%20crim%20pro%20for%20magistrates%29.pdf\" >Extradition and Inerstate Compact for Adult Offenders Suppervision<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/lawin.org\/extradition-human-rights\/\" >Extradition and Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/essay.utwente.nl\/61772\/1\/BSc_L_Teuber.pdf\" >Extradition and Human Rights \u2013 A look at the EU \u2013 US and Germany \u2013 US extradition agreements and their consistence with each other and with Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Extradition+and+human+rights.-a0160104874\" >Extradition and human rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/lawin.org\/extradition-treaties\/\" >Extradition Treaties \u2013 World Encyclopedia of Law<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>In the Philippines, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mount_Pinatubo\" >Mount Pinatubo<\/a> erupts in the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th Century. In the end, over 800 people die.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Army_Faction\" >Red Army Faction<\/a> co-founder <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ulrike_Meinhof\" >Ulrike Meinhof<\/a> is captured by police in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Langenhagen\" >Langenhagen<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Saipan\" >Battle of Saipan<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> invade Japanese-occupied <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saipan\" >Saipan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Ariel\" >Operation Ariel<\/a> begins \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allied<\/a> troops start to evacuate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a>, following <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >Germany<\/a>&#8216;s takeover of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris\" >Paris<\/a> and most of the nation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1934\u00a0 <\/strong>The U.S. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park\" >Great Smoky Mountains National Park<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/grsm\/index.htm\" >Great Smoky Mountains \u2013 Official site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tripadvisor.com\/Tourism-g143031-Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park_Tennessee-Vacations.html\" >Great Smoky Mountains &#8211; TipAdvisor<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>A new border treaty between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >Germany<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denmark\" >Denmark<\/a> gives northern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duchy_of_Schleswig\" >Schleswig<\/a> to Denmark.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duluth_lynchings\" >Duluth lynchings<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minnesota\" >Minnesota<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1919\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Alcock_%28aviator%29\" >John Alcock<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arthur_Brown_%28aviator%29\" >Arthur Brown<\/a> complete the first nonstop <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transatlantic_flight\" >transatlantic flight<\/a> when they reach <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clifden\" >Clifden<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/County_Galway\" >County Galway<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ireland\" >Ireland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Bud_Bagsak\" >Battle of Bud Bagsak<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a> ends.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1896\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1896_Meiji-Sanriku_earthquake\" >deadliest tsunami<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a>&#8216;s history kills more than 22,000 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1877\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Ossian_Flipper\" >Henry Ossian Flipper<\/a> becomes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_American\" >African American<\/a> cadet to graduate from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Military_Academy\" >United States Military Academy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1867\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantic_Cable_Quartz_Lode\" >Atlantic Cable Quartz Lode<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gold_mining\" >gold mine<\/a> located in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montana\" >Montana<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1864\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arlington_National_Cemetery\" >Arlington National Cemetery<\/a> is established when 200 acres (0.81\u00a0km<sup>2<\/sup>) around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_E._Lee\" >Robert E. Lee<\/a>) are officially set aside as a military <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cemetery\" >cemetery<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Secretary_of_War\" >U.S. Secretary of War<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edwin_M._Stanton\" >Edwin M. Stanton<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1859\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pig_War\" >Pig War<\/a>: Ambiguity in the Oregon Treaty leads to the &#8220;Northwestern Boundary Dispute&#8221; between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >British<\/a>\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canadian<\/a> settlers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1846\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oregon_Treaty\" >Oregon Treaty<\/a> establishes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/49th_parallel_north\" >49th parallel<\/a> as the border between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canada<\/a>, from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rocky_Mountains\" >Rocky Mountains<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strait_of_Juan_de_Fuca\" >Strait of Juan de Fuca<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1844\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Goodyear\" >Charles Goodyear<\/a> receives a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patent\" >patent<\/a> for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vulcanization\" >vulcanization<\/a>, a process to strengthen <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rubber\" >rubber<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>JUNE 16<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bhutan\" >Bhutan<\/a> becomes the first country to institute a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tobacco_Control_Act_of_Bhutan_2010\" >total ban on tobacco<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a> complies with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_425\" >United Nations Security Council Resolution 425<\/a> 22 years after its issuance, which calls on Israel to completely withdraw from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanon\" >Lebanon<\/a>. Israel does so, except the disputed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shebaa_farms\" >Shebaa farms<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Lebanon_conflict_%281985%E2%80%932000%29\" >South Lebanon conflict (1985 \u2013 2000)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archive.adl.org\/backgrounders\/lebanon_withdrawal.html#.VU-P5ZOufX4\" >Israel\u2019s Withdrawal from Lebanon<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Peace\/lebwith.html\" >Israeli Withdrawal from Southern Lebanon<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usccb.org\/issues-and-action\/human-life-and-dignity\/global-issues\/middle-east\/lebanon\/lebanon-after-the-israeli-withdrawal.cfm\" >Lebanon After the Israeli Withdrawal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/an-israeli-withdrawal-from-lebanon-implications-for-the-middle-east-and-u.s\" >An Israeli Withdrawal from Lebanon \u2013 Implications for the Middle East and US Policy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1993\/06\/17\/world\/un-approves-ban-on-shipments-of-oil-to-haitian-military.html\" >UN authorizes worldwide oil embargo against Haiti.<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/missions\/past\/unmihbackgr1.html\" >Haiti Background (1) \u2013 United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/missions\/past\/unmihbackgr2.html\" >Haiti Background (2) \u2013 United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revolutions_of_1989\" >Revolutions of 1989<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imre_Nagy\" >Imre Nagy<\/a>, the former Hungarian <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary\" >Prime Minister<\/a>, is reburied in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Budapest\" >Budapest<\/a> following the collapse of Communism in Hungary.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>USSR party leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuri_Andropov\" >Yuri Andropov<\/a> elected president.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Yuri_Andropov\" >Yuri Andropov \u2013 New World Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1983\/06\/17\/world\/andropov-adds-soviet-presidency-to-top-party-job-excerpts-from-speech-page-a8.html\" >Andropov Adds Soviet Presidency to Top Party Job \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong>U.S. President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Reagan\" >Ronald Reagan<\/a> awards the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congressional_Gold_Medal\" >Congressional Gold Medal<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenneth_D._Taylor\" >Ken Taylor<\/a>, Canada&#8217;s former ambassador to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iran<\/a>, for helping six Americans escape from Iran during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran_hostage_crisis\" >hostage crisis of 1979-81<\/a>; he is the first foreign citizen bestowed the honor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oracle_Corporation\" >Oracle Corporation<\/a> is incorporated in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Redwood_Shores,_California\" >Redwood Shores, California<\/a>, as Software Development Laboratories (SDL) by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Larry_Ellison\" >Larry Ellison<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bob_Miner\" >Bob Miner<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ed_Oates\" >Ed Oates<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soweto_uprising\" >Soweto uprising<\/a>: a non-violent march by 15,000 students in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soweto\" >Soweto<\/a>, South Africa turns into days of rioting when police open fire on the crowd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong>The largest single-site hydroelectric power project in Canada is inaugurated at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Churchill_Falls_Generating_Station\" >Churchill Falls Generating Station<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imre_Nagy\" >Imre Nagy<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P%C3%A1l_Mal%C3%A9ter\" >P\u00e1l Mal\u00e9ter<\/a> and other leaders of the 1956 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956\" >Hungarian Uprising<\/a> are executed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong>In a futile effort to topple <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Argentina\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_Per%C3%B3n\" >Juan Per\u00f3n<\/a>, rogue aircraft pilots of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentine_Navy\" >Argentine Navy<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombing_of_Plaza_de_Mayo\" >drop several bombs<\/a> upon an unarmed crowd demonstrating in favor of Per\u00f3n in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires\" >Buenos Aires<\/a>, killing 364 and injuring at least 800. At the same time on the ground, some forces soldiers attempt to stage a coup but are suppressed by loyal forces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>Members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malayan_Communist_Party\" >Malayan Communist Party<\/a> kill three British plantation managers in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sungai_Siput\" >Sungai Siput<\/a>; in response, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Malaya\" >British Malaya<\/a> declares <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malayan_Emergency\" >a state of emergency<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist\" >Communist<\/a> government is installed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lithuania\" >Lithuania<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: Marshal <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain\" >Henri Philippe P\u00e9tain<\/a> becomes Chief of State of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vichy_France\" >Vichy France<\/a> (<em>Chef de l&#8217;\u00c9tat Fran\u00e7ais<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1933\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Industrial_Recovery_Act\" >National Industrial Recovery Act<\/a> is passed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1930\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sovnarkom\" >Sovnarkom<\/a> establishes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Decree_time\" >decree time<\/a> in the USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1925\u00a0 <\/strong>The most famous <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Young_Pioneer\" >Young Pioneer<\/a> camp of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artek_%28camp%29\" >Artek<\/a>, is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1924\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whampoa_Military_Academy\" >Whampoa Military Academy<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1915\u00a0 <\/strong>Foundation of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Women%27s_Institute\" >British Women&#8217;s Institute<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IBM\" >IBM<\/a> founded as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endicott,_New_York\" >Endicott, New York<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1904\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eugen_Schauman\" >Eugen Schauman<\/a> assassinates <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikolai_Ivanovich_Bobrikov\" >Nikolai Bobrikov<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governor-General_of_Finland\" >Governor-General of Finland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1903\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ford_Motor_Company\" >Ford Motor Company<\/a> is incorporated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1897\u00a0 <\/strong>A treaty annexing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Hawaii\" >Republic of Hawaii<\/a> to the United States is signed; the Republic would not be dissolved until a year later.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1871\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Test_Act\" >University Tests Act<\/a> allows students to enter the Universities of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Oxford\" >Oxford<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Cambridge\" >Cambridge<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Durham\" >Durham<\/a> without religious tests (except for those intending to study <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theology\" >theology<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1858\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abraham_Lincoln\" >Abraham Lincoln<\/a> delivers his <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lincoln%27s_House_Divided_Speech\" >House Divided<\/a><\/em> speech in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Springfield,_Illinois\" >Springfield, Illinois<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1858\u00a0 <\/strong>The Battle of Morar takes place during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Mutiny\" >Indian Mutiny<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1846\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papal_conclave,_1846\" >Papal conclave of 1846<\/a> concludes. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_Pius_IX\" >Pope Pius IX<\/a> is elected <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope\" >Pope<\/a> beginning the longest reign in the history of the papacy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>JUNE 17<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S. President Barack Obama proposes vast expansion of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/obama-will-propose-vast-expansion-of-pacific-ocean-marine-sanctuary\/2014\/06\/16\/f8689972-f0c6-11e3-bf76-447a5df6411f_story.html\" >Pacific Remote Islands Marine Reserve<\/a>, increasing the protected ocean area to over 780,000 square miles within nautical boundaries of U.S. Pacific territories.<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Remote_Islands_Marine_National_Monument\" >Pacific Islands Marine National Monument &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>Following a televised low-speed highway chase, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/O.J._Simpson\" >O.J. Simpson<\/a> is arrested for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/O._J._Simpson_murder_case\" >murders<\/a> of his wife, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicole_Brown_Simpson\" >Nicole Brown Simpson<\/a>, and her friend <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Goldman\" >Ronald Goldman<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/O._J._Simpson_murder_case\" >J. Simpson murder case &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/law2.umkc.edu\/faculty\/projects\/ftrials\/Simpson\/simpson.htm\" >Famous American Trials \u2013 The O.J. Simpson Trial<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/news\/index\/nns25.htm\" >List of the evidence in the O.J. Simpson double-murder trial<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/oj--simpson.blogspot.com\/\" >The O.J. Simpson Murder Trial \u2013 video, audio, photos and reviews<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>A &#8220;joint understanding&#8221; agreement on arms reduction is signed by U.S. President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_H._W._Bush\" >George Bush<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Russia\" >Russian President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Yeltsin\" >Boris Yeltsin<\/a> (this would be later codified in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/START_II\" >START II<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid\" >Apartheid<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parliament_of_South_Africa\" >South African Parliament<\/a> repeals the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Population_Registration_Act\" >Population Registration Act<\/a> which required racial classification of all <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Africans\" >South Africans<\/a> at birth.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong>With the death of the last individual of the species, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow\" >Dusky Seaside Sparrow<\/a> becomes extinct.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.express.co.uk\/news\/world\/100953\/More-birds-on-verge-of-extinction\" >More birds on verge of extinction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/earth\/wildlife\/10760709\/The-100-exotic-birds-on-the-verge-of-extinction.html\" >The 100 exotic birds on the verge of extinction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/05\/29\/sixth-great-extinction-species-disappearing_n_5412571.html\" >World On Brink Of Sixth Great Extinction, Species Disappearing Faster Than Ever Before<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/matadornetwork.com\/change\/10-preciousanimal-species-on-the-verge-of-extinction\/\" >10 precious animal species on the verge of extinction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/environment\/nature\/world-on-the-verge-of-next-mass-extinction-humans-have-caused-extinction-rates-to-increase-by-up-to-10000-times-9466313.html\" >World \u2018on the verge of next mass extinction\u2019: Humans have caused extinction rates to increase by up to 10,000 times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/news\/2014\/05\/30\/cause-us-world-verge-sixth-extinction\" >\u2018The Cause Is US\u2019: World on Verge of Sixth Extinction<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/STS-51-G\" >STS-51-G<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_Discovery\" >Space Shuttle Discovery<\/a> launches carrying <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sultan_bin_Salman_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud\" >Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud<\/a>, the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arab\" >Arab<\/a> and first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muslim\" >Muslim<\/a> in space, as a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Payload_Specialist\" >Payload Specialist<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>US <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/people\/ronald-reagan\" >President Reagan<\/a> 1st UN General Assembly address &#8220;We must serve mankind through genuine disarmament.&#8221;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/p\/io\/potusunga\/207334.htm\" >Address by President Ronald Reagan to the UN General Assembly, June 17, 1982<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watergate_scandal\" >Watergate scandal<\/a>: Five <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House\" >White House<\/a> operatives are arrested for burgling the offices of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_National_Committee\" >Democratic National Committee<\/a>, in an attempt by some members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29\" >Republican party<\/a> to illegally <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telephone_tapping\" >wiretap<\/a> the opposition.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong>President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a> declares the U.S. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_on_Drugs\" >War on Drugs<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=9252490\" >Timeline: America\u2019s War on Drugs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/civilliberty.about.com\/od\/drugpolicy\/tp\/War-on-Drugs-History-Timeline.htm\" >History of War on Drugs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.drugpolicy.org\/new-solutions-drug-policy\/brief-history-drug-war\" >A Brief History of the Drug War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/judge-frederic-block\/war-on-drugs_b_2384624.html\" >Racism\u2019s Hidden in the War on Drugs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Republic_of_China\" >People&#8217;s Republic of China<\/a> announces a successful test of its first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermonuclear_weapon\" >thermonuclear weapon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>A day after <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leaders_of_South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnamese President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ngo_Dinh_Diem\" >Ngo Dinh Diem<\/a> announced the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Communique\" >Joint Communique<\/a> to end the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhist_crisis\" >Buddhist crisis<\/a>, a riot involving around 2,000 people breaks out. One person is killed<\/p>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Supreme_Court\" >United States Supreme Court<\/a> rules 8\u20131 in <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abington_School_District_v._Schempp\" >Abington School District v. Schempp<\/a><\/em> against requiring the reciting of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible\" >Bible<\/a> verses and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lord%27s_Prayer\" >Lord&#8217;s Prayer<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_school_%28government_funded%29\" >public schools<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/www2.ed.gov\/policy\/gen\/guid\/religionandschools\/index.html\">Religion and Public Schools \u2013 U.S. Department of Education<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.educationbug.org\/a\/public-school-vs--christian-school.html\" >Public School vs. Christian School<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.whatsaiththescripture.com\/Fellowship\/Christian_Education.html\" >What is the Difference Between Christian School Education and Public School Education? (1982), by Tom Stewart<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.saintbonaventureparish.org\/catholic-education\/religious-education-for-public-schools\/\" >Religious Education for Public Schools<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religious_education_in_primary_and_secondary_education\" >Religious education in primary and secondary education<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.religioustolerance.org\/ps_pray.htm\" >Religion in U.S. Public Schools<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nez_Perce_people\" >Nez Perce<\/a> tribe is awarded $4\u00a0million for 7\u00a0million acres (28,000\u00a0km<sup>2<\/sup>) of land undervalued at 4 cents\/acre in the 1863 treaty.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nezperce.org\/\" >Official Home of the Nez Perce Tribe Website<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indians.org\/articles\/nez-perce-indians.html\" >Nez Perce Indians<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Nez_Perce.aspx\" >Nez Perce \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.accessgenealogy.com\/native\/nez-perce-tribe.htm\" >Nez Perce Tribe \u2013 Access Genealogy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uprising_of_1953_in_East_Germany\" >East Germany Workers Uprising<\/a>: In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East Germany<\/a>, the Soviet Union orders a division of troops into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Berlin\" >East Berlin<\/a> to quell a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rebellion\" >rebellion<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iceland\" >Iceland<\/a> declares <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Icelandic_National_Day\" >independence<\/a> from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denmark\" >Denmark<\/a> and becomes a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic\" >republic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>The three <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baltic_state\" >Baltic states<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvia\" >Latvia<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lithuania\" >Lithuania<\/a> fall under the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Occupation_and_annexation_of_the_Baltic_states_by_the_Soviet_Union_%281940%29\" >occupation<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Army\" >British Army<\/a>&#8216;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/11th_Hussars\" >11th Hussars<\/a> assault and take <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fort_Capuzzo\" >Fort Capuzzo<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libya\" >Libya<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Africa\" >Africa<\/a> from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29\" >Italian<\/a> forces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RMS_Lancastria\" >RMS\u00a0<em>Lancastria<\/em><\/a> is attacked and sunk by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luftwaffe\" >Luftwaffe<\/a> near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint-Nazaire\" >Saint-Nazaire<\/a>, France. At least 3,000 are killed in Britain&#8217;s worst maritime disaster.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states\" >USSR occupies Estonia.<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.desertwar.net\/soviet-occupation-of-the-baltic-states-1940.html\" >Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/coldwarsites.net\/country\/estonia\/\" >Estonia Some Historical Remarks \u2013 Occupation by Soviet and Nazi force (1940 \u2013 1944)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/legal.un.org\/avl\/intro\/introduction.html?tab=2\" >Estonia\u2019s history: Chronology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong>Last public guillotining in France: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eugen_Weidmann\" >Eugen Weidmann<\/a>, a convicted murderer, is guillotined in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Versailles,_Yvelines\" >Versailles<\/a> outside the Saint-Pierre prison.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1933\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kansas_City_Massacre\" >Union Station Massacre<\/a>: In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kansas_City,_Missouri\" >Kansas City, Missouri<\/a>, four <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation\" >FBI<\/a> agents and captured fugitive <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Nash\" >Frank Nash<\/a> are gunned down by gangsters attempting to free Nash.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1932\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bonus_Army\" >Bonus Army<\/a>: Around a thousand <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a> veterans amass at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Capitol\" >United States Capitol<\/a> as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate\" >U.S. Senate<\/a> considers a bill that would give them certain benefits.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1930\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >U.S. President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Hoover\" >Herbert Hoover<\/a> signs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoot-Hawley_Tariff_Act\" >Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act<\/a> into law.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1900\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boxer_Rebellion\" >Boxer Rebellion<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eight-Nation_Alliance\" >Allied Western and Japanese<\/a> forces <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Dagu_Forts_%281900%29\" >capture<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taku_Forts\" >Taku Forts<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tianjin\" >Tianjin<\/a>, China.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1885\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statue_of_Liberty\" >Statue of Liberty<\/a> arrives in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City\" >New York Harbor<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1877\u00a0 <\/strong>Wars of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States\" >Native people of north America<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_White_Bird_Canyon\" >Battle of White Bird Canyon<\/a> \u2013 the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nez_Perce_people\" >Nez Perce<\/a> defeat the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cavalry_%28United_States%29\" >U.S. Cavalry<\/a> at White Bird Canyon in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Idaho_Territory\" >Idaho Territory<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1876\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Indian_Wars\" >Wars of Native people of north America<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_Rosebud\" >Battle of the Rosebud<\/a> \u2013 1,500 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sioux\" >Sioux<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheyenne\" >Cheyenne<\/a> led by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crazy_Horse\" >Crazy Horse<\/a> beat back <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_officer\" >General<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Crook\" >George Crook<\/a>&#8216;s forces at Rosebud Creek in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montana_Territory\" >Montana Territory<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1843\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wairau_Affray\" >Wairau Affray<\/a>, the first serious clash of arms between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C4%81ori_people\" >M\u0101ori<\/a> and British settlers in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand_Wars\" >New Zealand Wars<\/a>, takes place.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1839\u00a0 <\/strong>In the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Hawaii\" >Kingdom of Hawaii<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kamehameha_III\" >Kamehameha III<\/a> issues the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edict_of_toleration\" >edict of toleration<\/a> which gives <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roman_Catholic_Church\" >Roman Catholics<\/a> the freedom to worship in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawaiian_Islands\" >Hawaiian Islands<\/a>. The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu\" >Hawaii Catholic Church<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Peace\" >Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace<\/a> are established as a result.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cathedralofourladyofpeace.com\/\" >Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hawaiicatholicherald.com\/2014\/08\/01\/a-church-history-cathedral-becomes-a-basilica\/\" >Catholic Church History in Hawaii \u2013 Hawaii Catholic Herald<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hawaii-guide.info\/past.and.present\/religion\/\" >Native Hawaiian Religion \u2013 Hawaii-Guide.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawaiian_religion\" >Hawaiian Religion \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/Oceania\/Hawaiians-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html\" >Hawaiians \u2013 Religion and Expressive Culture<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1795\u00a0 <\/strong>The burghers of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swellendam\" >Swellendam<\/a> expel the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_East_India_Company\" >Dutch East India Company<\/a> magistrate and declare a republic.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1789\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estates_of_the_realm\" >Third Estate<\/a> declares itself the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Assembly_%28French_Revolution%29\" >National Assembly<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>JUNE 18<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazakhstan\" >Kazakh<\/a> space <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satellite\" >satellite<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KazSat\" >KazSat<\/a> is launched.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ted_Kaczynski\" >Ted Kaczynski<\/a>, suspected of being the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unabomber\" >Unabomber<\/a>, is indicted on ten criminal counts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mona_Mahmudnizhad\" >Mona Mahmudnizhad<\/a> together with nine other <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith\" >Bah\u00e1&#8217;\u00ed<\/a> women, is sentenced to death and hanged in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shiraz\" >Shiraz<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iran<\/a> because of her Bah\u00e1&#8217;\u00ed Faith.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_program\" >Space Shuttle program<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/STS-7\" >STS-7<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astronaut\" >Astronaut<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sally_Ride\" >Sally Ride<\/a> becomes the first American woman in space.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk\" >Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk<\/a>, the first operational aircraft initially designed around <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stealth_technology\" >stealth technology<\/a>, makes its first flight.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.airvectors.net\/avf117.html\" >The Lockheed F-117 Stealth Fighter<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationalmuseum.af.mil\/factsheets\/factsheet.asp?id=410\" >Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk<\/a> \u2013 National Museum of the U.S. Air Force<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SALT_II\" >SALT II<\/a> is signed by the United States and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/control\/salt2\/\" >Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Treaties\/Treaty13.shtml\" >Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II Treaty (1979)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Carter \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/carter-and-brezhnev-sign-the-salt-ii-treaty\" >Brezhnev sign the SALT-II treaty \u2013 This Day in History June 18, 1979<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dosfan.lib.uic.edu\/acda\/treaties\/salt2-1.htm\" >Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms \u2013 University of Illinois at Chicago<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> uses <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B-52_Stratofortress\" >B-52<\/a> bombers to attack <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Vietnam\" >National Liberation Front<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guerrilla_warfare\" >guerrilla<\/a> fighters in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s-France\" >Pierre Mend\u00e8s-France<\/a> becomes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_France\" >Prime Minister of France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Air_Force\" >United States Air Force<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Douglas_C-124_Globemaster_II\" >C-124<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tachikawa_air_disaster\" >crashes and burns<\/a> near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tachikawa\" >Tachikawa<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a>, killing 129.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.koreanwar-educator.org\/topics\/airplane_crashes\/globemaster_japan\/p_globemaster_jp.htm\" >Globemaster Crash, June 18, 1953 (Tachikawa, Japan)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digplanet.com\/wiki\/Tachikawa_air_disaster\" >Tachikawa air disaster<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Security_Treaty_Between_the_United_States_and_Japan\" >Security Treaty between the United States and Japan of 1951<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/japan001.asp\" >Security Treaty between the United States and Japan; September 8, 1951 \u2013 Yale Law School, Lilian Goldman Law Library, The Avalon Project, documents in law, history and diplomacy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp\/~worldjpn\/documents\/texts\/docs\/19520228.T1E.html\" >Administrative Agreement under Article III of the Security Treaty between the United States of America and Japan of February 28, 1952<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/afe.easia.columbia.edu\/ps\/japan\/bilateral_treaty.pdf\" >Primary Source Document with Questions (DBQs) \u2013 Bilateral Security Treaty between the United States of America and Japan, September 8, 1951<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.learner.org\/workshops\/primarysources\/coldwar\/docs\/usjapan.html\" >U.S. and Japan Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement, March 8, 1954<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extraterritoriality\" >Extraterritoriality &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egyptian_Revolution_of_1952\" >Egyptian Revolution of 1952<\/a> ends with the overthrow of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Ali_Dynasty\" >Muhammad Ali Dynasty<\/a> and the declaration of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt#Modern_history\" >Republic of Egypt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>Dr. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ram_Manohar_Lohia\" >Ram Manohar Lohia<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Socialist\" >Socialist<\/a>, calls for a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Direct_Action_Day\" >Direct Action Day<\/a> against the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portugal\" >Portuguese<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goa\" >Goa<\/a>. A road is named after this date in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panjim\" >Panjim<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Joyce\" >William Joyce<\/a> (&#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lord_Haw-Haw\" >Lord Haw-Haw<\/a>&#8220;) is charged with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treason\" >treason<\/a> for his pro-German propaganda broadcasting during <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/This_was_their_finest_hour\" >&#8220;Finest Hour&#8221; speech<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winston_Churchill\" >Winston Churchill<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Appeal_of_June_18\" >Appeal of June 18<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_de_Gaulle\" >Charles de Gaulle<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1928\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviator\" >Aviator<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amelia_Earhart\" >Amelia Earhart<\/a> becomes the first woman to fly in an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aircraft\" >aircraft<\/a> across the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantic_Ocean\" >Atlantic Ocean<\/a> (she is a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Passenger\" >passenger<\/a>; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilmer_Stultz\" >Wilmer Stultz<\/a> is the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviator\" >pilot<\/a> and Lou Gordon the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mechanic\" >mechanic<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1908\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_the_Philippines\" >University of the Philippines<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1908\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_Brazilians\" >Japanese immigration to Brazil<\/a> begins when 781 people arrive in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Santos_%28S%C3%A3o_Paulo%29\" >Santos<\/a> aboard the ship Kasato-Maru.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1900\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empress_Dowager_Longyu\" >Empress Dowager Longyu<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\" >China<\/a> orders all foreigners killed, including foreign <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diplomat\" >diplomats<\/a> and their families.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1887\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reinsurance_Treaty\" >Reinsurance Treaty<\/a> between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >Germany<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russia<\/a> is signed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1873\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Susan_B._Anthony\" >Susan B. Anthony<\/a> is fined $100 for attempting to vote in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_presidential_election,_1872\" >1872 presidential election<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States\" >Women\u2019s suffrage in the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women%27s_rights\" >Women\u2019s rights \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Woman_Suffrage_Association\" >National Woman Suffrage Association &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Woman_Suffrage\" >History of Woman Suffrage &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Susan_B._Anthony#United_States_v._Susan_B._Anthony\" >United States v. Susan B. Anthony &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1859\u00a0 <\/strong>First ascent of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aletschhorn\" >Aletschhorn<\/a>, second summit of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bernese_Alps\" >Bernese Alps<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1858\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Darwin\" >Charles Darwin<\/a> receives a paper from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfred_Russel_Wallace\" >Alfred Russel Wallace<\/a> that includes nearly identical conclusions about <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evolution\" >evolution<\/a> as Darwin&#8217;s own, prompting Darwin to publish his theory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1830\u00a0 <\/strong>French invasion of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algeria\" >Algeria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1815\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleonic_Wars\" >Napoleonic Wars<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Waterloo\" >Battle of Waterloo<\/a> results in the defeat of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon_I_of_France\" >Napoleon Bonaparte<\/a> by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duke_of_Wellington\" >Duke of Wellington<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gebhard_Leberecht_von_Bl%C3%BCcher\" >Gebhard Leberecht von Bl\u00fccher<\/a> forcing him to abdicate the throne of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_France#The_Napoleonic_Era\" >France<\/a> for the second and last time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>JUNE 19<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-22971516\" >48 people are killed by armed bandits in Zamfara State, Nigeria.<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2013\/06\/armed-gang-kills-48-in-zamfara-raid-jtf\/\" >Armed gang kills 48 Zamfara raid: JTF<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/issakaadams.wordpress.com\/2013\/06\/20\/zamfara-attack-cattle-rustlers-gun-down-48-people-in-zamfara-state-of-nigeria-914\/\" >Zamfara Attack: Cattle Rustlers Gun Down 48 People in Zamfara State of Nigeria<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WikiLeaks\" >WikiLeaks<\/a> founder <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julian_Assange\" >Julian Assange<\/a> requested asylum in Ecuadorian Embassy in London for fear of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extradition\" >extradition<\/a> to the US after publication of previously <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Classified_information\" >classified documents<\/a> including footage of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/July_12,_2007_Baghdad_airstrike\" >civilian killings by the US army<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/37802949\/ns\/world_news-africa\/t\/rival-darfur-tribes-kill-dozens-clashes\/#.VVd375OufX4\" >Rival clashes between nomadic groups in the Darfur region of Sudan kills at least 48 people.<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/10359112\" >Sudan: Darfur Arab rivals \u2018in deadly revenge clashes\u2019 \u2013 BBC News<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts\" >Sudanese nomadic conflicts &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_in_North-West_Pakistan\" >War in North-West Pakistan<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistani_Armed_Forces\" >Pakistani Armed Forces<\/a> open <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Rah-e-Nijat\" >Operation Rah-e-Nijat<\/a> against the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taliban\" >Taliban<\/a> and other <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamist\" >Islamist<\/a> rebels in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Waziristan\" >South Waziristan<\/a> area of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas\" >Federally Administered Tribal Areas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shishou_incident\" >Mass riots<\/a> involving over 10,000 people and 10,000 police officers break out in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shishou\" >Shishou<\/a>, China, over the dubious circumstances surrounding the death of a local chef.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2007_al-Khilani_Mosque_bombing\" >al-Khilani Mosque bombing<\/a> in Baghdad leaves 78 people dead and another 218 injured.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_occupation_of_Hungary\" >Soviet occupation of Hungary<\/a> ends.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic\" >Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic<\/a> is founded in Moscow.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>The current international law defending indigenous peoples, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indigenous_and_Tribal_Peoples_Convention,_1989\" >Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989<\/a>, is ratified for the first time by Norway.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/indigenous\/lang--en\/index.htm\" >Indigenous and Tribal Peoples \u2013 International Labour Organization<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pdba.georgetown.edu\/IndigenousPeoples\/ILO169.html\" >C169 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989: Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong>Members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revolutionary_Party_of_Central_American_Workers\" >Revolutionary Party of Central American Workers<\/a>, dressed as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Salvador\" >Salvadoran<\/a> soldiers, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1985_Zona_Rosa_attacks\" >attack the Zona Rosa<\/a> area of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Salvador\" >San Salvador<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>The body of &#8220;God&#8217;s Banker&#8221;, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roberto_Calvi\" >Roberto Calvi<\/a>, is found hanging beneath <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blackfriars_Bridge\" >Blackfriars Bridge<\/a> in London.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.redicecreations.com\/specialreports\/2005\/10oct\/vaticanbanker.html\" >Why was \u2018God\u2019s Banker\u2019 killed?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk\/2012\/may\/12\/roberto-calvi-blackfriars-bridge-mafia\" >Mafia boss breaks silence over Roberto Calvi killing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rt.com\/news\/tedeschi-vatican-vatileaks-banker-vatileaks-546\/\" >Former \u2018God\u2019s Banker\u2019 could blitz Vatican with cache of secret documents<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>In one of the first militant attacks by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hezbollah\" >Hezbollah<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_S._Dodge\" >David S. Dodge<\/a>, president of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_University_of_Beirut\" >American University of Beirut<\/a>, is kidnapped.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patent_Cooperation_Treaty\" >Patent Cooperation Treaty<\/a> is signed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shiv_Sena\" >Shiv Sena<\/a> a political party in India is founded in Mumbai.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Cao_K%E1%BB%B3\" >Nguy\u1ec5n Cao K\u1ef3<\/a> becomes Prime Minister of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a> at the head of a military junta; General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Thi%E1%BB%87u\" >Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u<\/a> becomes the figurehead chief of state.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964\" >Civil Rights Act of 1964<\/a> is approved after surviving an 83-day <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filibuster\" >filibuster<\/a> in the United States Senate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuwait\" >Kuwait<\/a> declares independence from the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg\" >Julius and Ethel Rosenberg<\/a> are executed at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sing_Sing\" >Sing Sing<\/a>, in New York.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: First day of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_Philippine_Sea\" >Battle of the Philippine Sea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1934\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communications_Act_of_1934\" >Communications Act of 1934<\/a> establishes the United States&#8217; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Communications_Commission\" >Federal Communications Commission<\/a> (FCC).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natives_Land_Act,_1913\" >Natives Land Act, 1913<\/a> in South Africa implemented.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1910\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Father%27s_Day\" >Father&#8217;s Day<\/a> is celebrated in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spokane,_Washington\" >Spokane, Washington<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1875\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herzegovina_Uprising_%281875%E2%80%9377%29\" >Herzegovinian rebellion<\/a> against the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1867\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maximilian_I_of_Mexico\" >Maximilian I<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Mexican_Empire\" >Second Mexican Empire<\/a> is executed by a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Execution_by_firing_squad\" >firing squad<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quer%C3%A9taro,_Quer%C3%A9taro\" >Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1865\u00a0 <\/strong>Over two years after the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emancipation_Proclamation\" >Emancipation Proclamation<\/a>, slaves in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galveston,_Texas\" >Galveston, Texas<\/a>, United States, are finally informed of their freedom. The anniversary is still officially celebrated in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas\" >Texas<\/a> and 41 other contiguous states as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juneteenth\" >Juneteenth<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1862\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congress\" >U.S. Congress<\/a> prohibits <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slavery\" >slavery<\/a> in United States territories, nullifying <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford\" >Dred Scott v. Sandford<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1857\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/19_June_1857_law\" >19 June 1857 law<\/a> (Loi relative \u00e0 l&#8217;assainissement et de mise en culture des Landes de Gascogne): a turning point in the history of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Landes_forest\" >Landes forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>JUNE 20<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrea_Yates\" >Andrea Yates<\/a>, in an attempt to save her young children from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satan\" >Satan<\/a>, drowns all five of them in a bathtub in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Houston,_Texas\" >Houston, Texas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>The German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bundestag\" >Bundestag<\/a> votes to move the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_%28political%29\" >capital<\/a> from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bonn\" >Bonn<\/a> back to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin\" >Berlin<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asteroid\" >Asteroid<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/5261_Eureka\" >Eureka<\/a> is discovered.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>The Argentine base <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corbeta_Uruguay\" >Corbeta Uruguay<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Thule\" >Southern Thule<\/a> surrenders to Royal Marine commandos in the final action of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Falklands_War\" >Falklands War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>ABC News correspondent <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Stewart_%28journalist%29\" >Bill Stewart<\/a> is shot dead by a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicaragua\" >Nicaraguan<\/a> soldier under the regime of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle\" >Anastasio Somoza Debayle<\/a>. The murder is caught on tape and sparks an international outcry against the regime.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1973_Ezeiza_massacre\" >Ezeiza massacre<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires\" >Buenos Aires<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentina\" >Argentina<\/a>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sniper\" >Snipers<\/a> fire upon left-wing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peronism\" >Peronists<\/a>. At least 13 are killed and more than 300 are injured.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watergate_scandal\" >Watergate scandal<\/a>: An 18\u00bd-minute gap appears in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watergate_tapes\" >tape recording<\/a> of the conversations between U.S. President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a> and his advisers regarding the recent arrests of his operatives while breaking into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watergate_complex\" >Watergate complex<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/haig-tells-of-theories-on-erasure\/2012\/06\/04\/gJQAMwf4IV_story.html\" >Haig Tells of Theories on Erasure \u2013 Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.redicecreations.com\/article.php?id=7390\" >Mystery of Watergate tape?s missing 18 minutes may finally be solved<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2009\/11\/18\/nixon-tape-gap-watergate_n_362923.html\" >Nixon Tape Gap: Watergate Mystery Under Review<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forensicmag.com\/articles\/2011\/02\/cracking-watergates-infamous-18-1-2-minute-gap\" >Cracking Watergate\u2019s Infamous 18 \u00bd Minute Gap \u2013 Forensicmag.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>The so-called &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moscow-Washington_hotline\" >red telephone<\/a>&#8221; link is established between the Soviet Union and the United States following the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuban_Missile_Crisis\" >Cuban Missile Crisis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Treaties\/Treaty2.shtml\" >Hot Line Agreement (1963)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/united-states-and-soviet-union-will-establish-a-hot-line\" >United States and Soviet Union will establish a \u201chot line\u201d \u2013 This Day in History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/isn\/4785.htm\" >Memorandum of Understanding Between The United States of America and The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Regarding the Establishment of a Direct Communications Link<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mali_Federation\" >Mali Federation<\/a> gains independence from France (it later splits into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mali\" >Mali<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Senegal\" >Senegal<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Secretary_of_State\" >United States Secretary of State<\/a> approves the transfer of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wernher_von_Braun\" >Wernher von Braun<\/a> and his team of Nazi rocket scientists to America.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/secrets\/wernher-von-braun\/101\/\" >The Hunt for Nazi Scientists \u2013 Wernher von Braun<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/78018\/Wernher-von-Braun\/817\/Work-in-the-United-States\" >Wernher von Braun \u2013 German born American engineer<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.msfc.nasa.gov\/german\/\" >German Rocket Development &#8211; NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Continuation_war\" >Continuation war<\/a>: the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> demands an unconditional surrender from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finland\" >Finland<\/a> during the beginning of partially successful <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_Offensive\" >Vyborg\u2013Petrozavodsk Offensive<\/a>. The Finnish government refuses.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_Philippine_Sea\" >Battle of the Philippine Sea<\/a> concludes with a decisive <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Navy\" >U.S. naval<\/a> victory. The lopsided naval air battle is also known as the &#8220;Great Marianas Turkey Shoot&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>German round up <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Jews_in_Amsterdam\" >Jews in Amsterdam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Netherlands\" >History of the Jews in the Netherlands<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.holocaust-lestweforget.com\/holocaust-timeline-1943.html\" >Holocaust &#8211; Timeline 1943<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Holocaust\" >The Holocaust<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazimierz_Piechowski\" >Kazimierz Piechowski<\/a> and three others, dressed as members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SS-Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde\" >SS-Totenkopfverb\u00e4nde<\/a>, steal an SS staff car and escape from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auschwitz_concentration_camp\" >Auschwitz concentration camp<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Italy begins an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_invasion_of_France\" >unsuccessful invasion<\/a> of France.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/11\/05\/nyregion\/05italians.html?_r=0\" >Scholars Reconsidering Italy\u2019s Treatment of Jews in the Nazi Era, by Paul Vitello \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Holocaust_in_France\" >The Holocaust in France &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1987\/05\/08\/opinion\/l-world-war-ii-fate-of-jews-still-shames-france-969987.html\" >World War II Fate of Jews Still Shames France \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/vjw\/France.html\" >The Virtual Jewish World &#8211; France<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1900\u00a0 <\/strong>Baron <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eduard_Toll\" >Eduard Toll<\/a>, leader of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_polar_expedition_of_1900%E2%80%9302\" >Russian Polar Expedition of 1900<\/a>, departs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_Petersburg\" >Saint Petersburg<\/a> in Russia on the explorer ship <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zarya_%28polar_ship%29\" >Zarya<\/a><\/em>, never to return.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1895\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiel_Canal\" >Kiel Canal<\/a>, crossing the base of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jutland\" >Jutland<\/a> peninsula and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, is officially opened.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1887\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus\" >Victoria Terminus<\/a>, the busiest railway station in India, opens in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mumbai\" >Bombay<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1877\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Graham_Bell\" >Alexander Graham Bell<\/a> installs the world&#8217;s first commercial <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telephone\" >telephone<\/a> service in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamilton,_Ontario\" >Hamilton, Ontario<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canada<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1862\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbu_Catargiu\" >Barbu Catargiu<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Romania\" >Prime Minister of Romania<\/a>, is assassinated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1837\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom\" >Queen Victoria<\/a> succeeds to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom\" >British throne<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>JUNE 21<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greenland\" >Greenland<\/a> assumes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-governance\" >self-rule<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/n2\/world\/greenland-self-governing-denmark-17074.html\" >Greenland to Become Self-Governing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/06\/22\/world\/europe\/22greenland.html?_r=0\" >Fondly, Greenland Loosens Danish Rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iwgia.org\/iwgia_files_publications_files\/IA_3-08_Greenland.pdf\" >Self-Rule in Greenland: Towards World\u2019s First Independent Inuit State? by Mark Nuttall<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pluto\" >Pluto<\/a>&#8216;s newly discovered <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natural_satellite\" >moons<\/a> are officially named <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nix_%28moon%29\" >Nix<\/a> &amp; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydra_%28moon%29\" >Hydra<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Section_28\" >Section 28<\/a> (of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Local_Government_Act_1988\" >Local Government Act 1988<\/a>), outlawing the &#8216;promotion&#8217; of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homosexuality\" >homosexuality<\/a> in the United Kingdom, is repealed in Scotland with a 99 to 17 vote.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/earthquake-devastates-iran\" >An earthquake near the Caspian Sea in Iran kills more than 50,000 and injures another 135,000 people.<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake\" >1990 Manjil-Rudbar earthquake \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.intrescue.info\/hub\/index.php\/missions\/iran-june-1990\/\" >Iran Earthquake June 1990 \u2013 International Rescue Corps<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eqarchives\/year\/1990\/\" >Earthquake Information for 1990 \u2013 USGS Earthquake Hazards Program<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mceer.buffalo.edu\/infoservice\/Reference_Services\/major-iran-earthquake.asp\" >Major Iranian Earthquakes in the 20<sup>th<\/sup> Century<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penn_Central\" >Penn Central<\/a> declares Section 77 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bankruptcy\" >bankruptcy<\/a>, largest ever US corporate bankruptcy up to this date.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong>Three <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_%281955%E2%80%931968%29\" >civil rights<\/a> workers, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrew_Goodman\" >Andrew Goodman<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Chaney\" >James Chaney<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mickey_Schwerner\" >Mickey Schwerner<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mississippi_civil_rights_workers_murders\" >are murdered<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neshoba_County,_Mississippi\" >Neshoba County, Mississippi<\/a>, United States, by members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ku_Klux_Klan\" >Ku Klux Klan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ellen_Fairclough\" >Ellen Fairclough<\/a> is sworn in as Canada&#8217;s first female <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cabinet_of_Canada\" >Cabinet Minister<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japanese<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Submarine\" >submarine<\/a> surfaces near the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbia_River\" >Columbia River<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oregon\" >Oregon<\/a>, firing 17 shells at nearby <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fort_Stevens_%28Oregon%29\" >Fort Stevens<\/a> in one of only a handful of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attacks_on_North_America_during_World_War_II\" >attacks by Japan against the United States mainland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tobruk\" >Tobruk<\/a> falls to Italian and German forces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>The first successful west-to-east navigation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northwest_Passage\" >Northwest Passage<\/a> begins at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vancouver\" >Vancouver<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Columbia\" >British Columbia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canada<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1930\u00a0 <\/strong>One-year <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conscription\" >conscription<\/a> comes into force in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1929\u00a0 <\/strong>An agreement brokered by U.S. Ambassador <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dwight_Whitney_Morrow\" >Dwight Whitney Morrow<\/a> ends the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cristero_War\" >Cristero War<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexico\" >Mexico<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1919\u00a0 <\/strong>Admiral <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwig_von_Reuter\" >Ludwig von Reuter<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scuttling_of_the_German_fleet_in_Scapa_Flow\" >scuttles the German fleet<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scapa_Flow\" >Scapa Flow<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orkney\" >Orkney<\/a>. The nine sailors killed are the last casualties of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capture_of_Guam\" >captures Guam<\/a> from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spain\" >Spain<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1864\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand_land_wars\" >New Zealand Land Wars<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tauranga_Campaign\" >Tauranga Campaign<\/a> ends.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1854\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victoria_Cross\" >Victoria Cross<\/a> is awarded during the bombardment of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bomarsund,_%C3%85land\" >Bomarsund<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%85land_Islands\" >\u00c5land Islands<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1848\u00a0 <\/strong>In the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wallachian_Revolution_of_1848\" >Wallachian Revolution<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ion_Heliade_R%C4%83dulescu\" >Ion Heliade R\u0103dulescu<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_Tell\" >Christian Tell<\/a> issue the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proclamation_of_Islaz\" >Proclamation of Islaz<\/a> and create a new republican government.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1826\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maniots\" >Maniots<\/a> defeat Egyptians under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ibrahim_Pasha_of_Egypt\" >Ibrahim Pasha<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Vergas\" >Battle of Vergas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>______________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Satoshi Ashikaga is a member of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" >TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment<\/a> originally from Japan.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>(Sources and references:<\/em><\/strong><em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/June_15\" >http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/June_15<\/a> to June_21; to june\/21;<\/em> <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/june_8.html\" >http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/june_8.html<\/a> to june_21.html; and other pertinent web sites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<strong>)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em><i>Note that the views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and\/or documents. Also note that one of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about \u201cpeace\u201d, including positive peace and negative peace, as well as external\/outer peace and internal\/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and\/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address \u201cpeace\u201d through peace journalism.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>June 15-21 &#8211; QUOTE OF THE WEEK: \u201cI am always doing that which I cannot do, in order that I may learn how to do it.\u201d \u2013 Pablo Picasso<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59374"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59374\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}