{"id":60799,"date":"2015-07-20T12:00:26","date_gmt":"2015-07-20T11:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=60799"},"modified":"2015-07-11T18:15:50","modified_gmt":"2015-07-11T17:15:50","slug":"this-week-in-history-33","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/07\/this-week-in-history-33\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>July 20-26<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>QUOTE OF THE WEEK:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyquote.com\/quotes\/quotes\/g\/georgebern386923.html?src=t_change\" >\u201cProgress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything.\u201d<\/a><\/em> \u2013 George Bernard Shaw<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>JULY 20<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel_Defense_Forces\" >Israeli Defence Forces<\/a> enter <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shuja%27iyya\" >Shuja&#8217;iyya<\/a>, a populous neighbourhood of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaza_City\" >Gaza City<\/a>, as part of their ground offensive focused on destroying <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/world\/2014\/07\/20\/israel-gaza-tunnels\/12909369\/\" >tunnels crossing the Israel border<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict\" >2014 Israel\u2013Gaza conflict \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dawoodi-bohras.com\/forum\/viewtopic.php?t=6406&amp;start=120\" >Statehood for the Palestinians \u2013 Dawoodi-Bohras.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.linkagenet.com\/themes\/israel.htm\" >Israel, Islamism and Palestinian ideology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>The Chinese Communist Party begins a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong\" >persecution<\/a> campaign against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Falun_Gong\" >Falun Gong<\/a>, arresting thousands nationwide.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V%C3%A1clav_Havel\" >V\u00e1clav Havel<\/a> resigns as president of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czechoslovakia\" >Czechoslovakia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burma\" >Burma<\/a>&#8216;s ruling junta puts opposition leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burmese_name\" >Daw<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi\" >Aung San Suu Kyi<\/a> under house arrest.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong>The government of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aruba\" >Aruba<\/a> passes legislation to secede from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netherlands_Antilles\" >Netherlands Antilles<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_France\" >France performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moruroa\" >Muruora Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/France\/FranceOrigin.html\" >France\u2019s Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Origins of the Force de Frappe \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/france\/nuke.htm\" >France \u2013 Nuclear Weapons \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/frances-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >FRANCE\u2019S NUCLEAR TESTING PROGRAMME &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyde_Park_and_Regents_Park_bombings\" >Hyde Park and Regents Park bombings<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army\" >Provisional IRA<\/a> detonates two <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bomb\" >bombs<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyde_Park,_London\" >Hyde Park<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regent%27s_Park\" >Regent&#8217;s Park<\/a> in central <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London\" >London<\/a>, killing eight soldiers, wounding forty-seven people, and leading to the deaths of seven horses.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\" >Central Intelligence Agency<\/a> releases documents under the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freedom_of_Information_Act_%28United_States%29\" >Freedom of Information Act<\/a> revealing it had engaged in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_MKULTRA\" >mind control experiments<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong>The American <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viking_1\" >Viking 1<\/a> lander successfully lands on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars\" >Mars<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.army.mil\/books\/Vietnam\/allied\/ch02.htm\" >Vietnam War: The US military completes its troop withdrawal from Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bangkok.usembassy.gov\/relation\/timeline.html\" >US \u2013 Thai relations \u2013 Timeline of Key Events &#8211; U.S. Embassy to Thailand<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/thailand\/83.htm\" >Foreign Affairs \u2013 Country Studies \u2013 Thailand<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyprus_dispute#Turkish_Intervention\" >Turkish occupation of Cyprus<\/a>: Forces from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a> invade <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyprus\" >Cyprus<\/a> after a <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat<\/a><\/em>, organized by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georgios_Papadopoulos\" >dictator of Greece<\/a>, against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Makarios_III\" >president Makarios<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >UNITED STATE\u2019S NUCLEAR TESTING PROGRAMME \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/weapons\" >The U.S. Nuclear Weapons Test Cost Study Project \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About U.S. Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/films\/testfilms.aspx\" >Historical Nuclear Weapons Test Films<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/war-history\/weapons\/nuclear-weapon\/nuclear-testing?p=6\" >Today in Nuclear Testing History (Part 6)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.soccerblog.com\/2006\/04\/the-soccer-wars-honduras-and-e.htm\" >A cease fire is announced<\/a> between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honduras\" >Honduras<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Salvador\" >El Salvador<\/a>, six days after the beginning of the &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Football_War\" >Football War<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_program\" >Apollo program<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_11\" >Apollo 11<\/a>&#8216;s crew successfully makes the first landing on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moon\" >Moon<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mare_Tranquillitatis\" >Sea of Tranquility<\/a>. Americans <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neil_Armstrong\" >Neil Armstrong<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buzz_Aldrin\" >Buzz Aldrin<\/a> became the first humans to walk on the Moon later that day (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_Time_Zone\" >Eastern Time Zone<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viet_Cong\" >Viet Cong<\/a> forces attack the capital of Dinh Tuong Province, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cai_Be\" >Cai Be<\/a>, killing 11 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnamese<\/a> military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of which are children).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_of_France\" >French military<\/a> forces break the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunisia\" >Tunisian<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizerte_crisis\" >siege of Bizerte<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polaris_missile\" >Polaris missile<\/a> is successfully launched from a submarine, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_George_Washington_%28SSBN-598%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>George Washington<\/em><\/a>, for the first time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>Ceylon (now <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lanka<\/a>) elects <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sirimavo_Bandaranaike\" >Sirimavo Bandaranaike<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka\" >Prime Minister<\/a>, the world&#8217;s first elected female head of government.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1956\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >US performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abomb1.org\/atmosphr\/index.html\" >atmospheric nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/1339\" >Bikini Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.publichealth.va.gov\/epidemiology\/studies\/cancer-mortality-nuclear-weapons-tests.asp\" >Cancer Mortality at U.S. Nuclear Weapons Tests \u2013 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.falloutradiation.com\/files\/JohnWayne.pdf\" >US ATMOSPHERIC NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTING: The Connection Between John Wayne and Radioactive Fallout, and Other Tales, by Bruce W. Church<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >Germany<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_John\" >Otto John<\/a>, head of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Germany\" >West Germany<\/a>&#8216;s secret service, defects to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East Germany<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1951\u00a0 <\/strong>King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan\" >Abdullah I of Jordan<\/a> is assassinated by a Palestinian while attending Friday prayers in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerusalem\" >Jerusalem<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cold_War\" >Cold War<\/a>: In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philadelphia\" >Philadelphia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_Gold\" >Harry Gold<\/a> pleads guilty to spying for the Soviet Union by passing secrets from atomic scientist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klaus_Fuchs\" >Klaus Fuchs<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syria\" >Syria<\/a> sign a truce to end their <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War\" >nineteen-month war<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler\" >Adolf Hitler<\/a> survives <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/20_July_plot\" >an assassination attempt<\/a> led by German Army Colonel <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Claus_von_Stauffenberg\" >Claus von Stauffenberg<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet leader<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Stalin\" >Joseph Stalin<\/a> consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NKVD\" >NKVD<\/a> and names <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lavrentiy_Beria\" >Lavrenti Beria<\/a> its chief.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denmark\" >Denmark<\/a> leaves the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/League_of_Nations\" >League of Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fredsakademiet.dk\/library\/dkpeace\/dkpeace11.htm\" >Danish Peace History \u2013 Danish Peace Academy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980\/league-of-nations\/\" >League of Nations \u2013 History Learning Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldatwar.net\/timeline\/other\/league18-46.html\" >League of Nations Chronology \u2013 The World at War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/leagcov.asp\" >Full Text of the Covenant of the League of Nations \u2013 Avalon Project \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/international-organizations-and-alliances\/why-did-united-states-fail-join-league-nations\/p30709\" >Why did the United States fail to join the League of Nations? \u2013 Ask CFR Experts \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Justice\" >United States Department of Justice<\/a> files suit in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City\" >New York, New York<\/a> against the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motion_picture\" >motion picture<\/a> industry charging violations of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sherman_Antitrust_Act\" >Sherman Antitrust Act<\/a> in regards to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Studio_system\" >studio system<\/a>. The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1948\" >1948<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montreux_Convention_Regarding_the_Regime_of_the_Turkish_Straits\" >Montreux Convention<\/a> is signed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montreux\" >Switzerland<\/a>, authorizing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a> to fortify the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dardanelles\" >Dardanelles<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bosphorus\" >Bosphorus<\/a> but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1922\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/League_of_Nations\" >League of Nations<\/a> awards mandates of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Togoland\" >Togoland<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tanganyika\" >Tanganyika<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >United Kingdom<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1917\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corfu_Declaration\" >Corfu Declaration<\/a>, which leads to the creation of the post-<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >war<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia\" >Kingdom of Yugoslavia<\/a>, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and Kingdom of Serbia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1866\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austro-Prussian_War\" >Austro-Prussian War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Lissa_%281866%29\" >Battle of Lissa<\/a> \u2013 The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austro-Hungarian_Navy\" >Austrian Navy<\/a> , led by Admiral <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilhelm_von_Tegetthoff\" >Wilhelm von Tegetthoff<\/a>, defeats the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regia_Marina\" >Italian Navy<\/a> near the island of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vis_%28island%29\" >Vis<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adriatic_Sea\" >Adriatic Sea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>JUNE 21<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a02008\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ram_Baran_Yadav\" >Ram Baran Yadav<\/a> is declared the first president of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nepal\" >Nepal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.presidentofnepal.gov.np\/Contents\/president.html\" >President Ram Baran Yadav \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Nepal\" >President of Nepal \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Nepal\" >History of Nepal &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Nepal\" >Kingdom of Nepal (1768 \u2013 2008) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.royalty.nu\/Asia\/Nepal.html\" >The Royal Family of Nepal \u2013 Royalty.nu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/redo.me.uk\/2t0dt\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greater_Nepal\" >Greater Nepal &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldtravelguide.net\/nepal\/weather-climate-geography\" >Nepal Weather: climate and geography \u2013 World Travel Guide<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis\" >Third Taiwan Strait Crisis<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Liberation_Army\" >People&#8217;s Liberation Army<\/a> begins firing missiles into the waters north of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan\" >Taiwan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong>USSR performs underground nuclear test.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >Underground nuclear weapons testing \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests of USSR\/Russia: overview, compiled by Wm Robert Johnston<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >THE SOVIET UNION\u2019S NUCLEAR TESTING PROGRAMME &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lowest_temperature_recorded_on_Earth\" >world&#8217;s lowest temperature<\/a> in an inhabited location is recorded at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vostok_Station\" >Vostok Station<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antarctica\" >Antarctica<\/a> at \u221289.2\u00a0\u00b0C (\u2212128.6\u00a0\u00b0F).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>The start of the four-day-long <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libyan%E2%80%93Egyptian_War\" >Libyan\u2013Egyptian War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyguy.com\/egypt_libya_war_1977.htm\" >Egyptian-Libyan War of 1977 \u2013 History Guy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/group73historians.com\/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\/640-%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B0%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-1977.html?showall=&amp;start=1\" >War: Egyptian-Libyan \u2013 1977 \u2013 Group73Historians.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_Ewart-Biggs\" >Christopher Ewart-Biggs<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >British<\/a> ambassador to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Ireland\" >Republic of Ireland<\/a>, is assassinated by the Provisional IRA.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>In the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lillehammer_affair\" >Lillehammer affair<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norway\" >Norway<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israeli<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mossad\" >Mossad<\/a> agents kill a waiter whom they mistakenly thought was involved in the 1972 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich_massacre\" >Munich Olympics Massacre<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Troubles\" >The Troubles<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloody_Friday_%281972%29\" >Bloody Friday<\/a> \u2013 the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army\" >Provisional IRA<\/a> detonate 22 bombs in central <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belfast\" >Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom<\/a> in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong>After 11 years of construction, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aswan_Dam\" >Aswan High Dam<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a> is completed.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/aswan-high-dam-completed\" >This Day in History \u2013 July 21 \u2013 The Aswan High Dam comleted &#8211; History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/videos\/the-aswan-high-dam#flooded-temples\" >The Aswan High Dam \u2013 Videos \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/geography.about.com\/od\/specificplacesofinterest\/a\/nile.htm\" >Aswan High Dam \u2013 About Education<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_Mercury\" >Mercury program<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercury-Redstone_4\" >Mercury-Redstone 4<\/a> Mission \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gus_Grissom\" >Gus Grissom<\/a> piloting <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercury-Redstone_4\" >Liberty Bell 7<\/a><\/em> becomes the second American to go into space (in a suborbital mission).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pumpsie_Green\" >Elijah Jerry &#8220;Pumpsie&#8221; Green<\/a> becomes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_African-American_firsts\" >African-American<\/a> to play for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boston_Red_Sox\" >Boston Red Sox<\/a>, the last team to integrate. He came in as a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pinch_runner\" >pinch runner<\/a> for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vic_Wertz\" >Vic Wertz<\/a> and stayed in as shortstop in a 2\u20131 loss to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_White_Sox\" >Chicago White Sox<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li>\u201c<em>The issue of race and sport in the United States is somewhat baffling<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/exer_sci\/ESS200\/Raceh\/Raceh.htm\" >Race and Sport<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/157150-pumpsie-green-and-red-sox-racism\" >Pumpsie Green and the Boston Red Sox\u2019s Racism \u2013 BleacherReport.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/redsoxareracist.blogspot.com\/\" >The Red Sox: Racist \u2013 RedSoxAreRacist.BlogSpot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.overthemonster.com\/2014\/2\/13\/5407754\/red-sox-yawkey-way-racist-history\" >Yawkey Way and the Red Sox\u2019 Racist History \u2013 OverTheMoster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.opednews.com\/articles\/The-Boston-Red-Sox-Jackie-by-Chris-Lamb-120411-991.html\" >The Boston Red Sox, Jackie Robinson, and a Legacy of Racism \u2013 OpEdNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchomatic.com\/Racism-In-American-Baseball-4135.html\" >Racism in American Baseball \u2013 Rearchomatic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/johnnysbaseball.wordpress.com\/tag\/racism-in-baseball\/\" >Racism in baseball \u2013 Johnny\u2019s baseball blog<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baseball_color_line\" >\u201c<em>The color line in American baseball, until the late 1940s, excluded players of Black African descent from Major League Baseball and its affiliated Minor Leagues<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Baseball color line &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/opb\/historydetectives\/feature\/african-american-baseball\/\" >African-American Baseball \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:African-American_baseball_players\" >Category: African-American baseball players \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.masslive.com\/redsoxmonster\/2013\/08\/major_league_baseball_racism_a.html\" >Major League Baseball: Racism and bigotry didn\u2019t end with Jackie Robinson \u2013 Blog.MassLive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.baseball-almanac.com\/firsts\/first8.shtml\" >Black Famous Baseball Firsts \u2013 Baseball-Almanac.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/04\/10\/sports\/baseball\/mlb-report-highlights-sobering-number-of-black-players.html?_r=0\" >MLB Report Highlights Sobering Number of Black Players \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/sports\/mlb\/2015\/04\/14\/mlb-diversity-percentage-of-african-american-players-remained-flat\/25791993\/\" >MLB making inroads to attract African Americans \u2013 USA Today<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NS_Savannah\" >NS\u00a0<em>Savannah<\/em><\/a>, the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_marine_propulsion\" >nuclear-powered<\/a> cargo-passenger ship, is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ship_naming_and_launching\" >launched<\/a> as a showcase for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dwight_D._Eisenhower\" >Dwight D. Eisenhower<\/a>&#8216;s &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atoms_for_Peace\" >Atoms for Peace<\/a>&#8221; initiative.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1956\u00a0 <\/strong>US performs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abomb1.org\/atmosphr\/index.html\" >atmospheric nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rrbrownlee.com\/images\/user\/enewetaktripnovideo.pdf\" >Enwetak<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Indochina_War\" >First Indochina War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geneva_Conference_%281954%29\" >Geneva Conference<\/a> partitions <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\" >Vietnam<\/a> into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Vietnam\" >North Vietnam<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.coldwar.org\/articles\/40s\/FirstIndochinaWar.asp\" >First Indochina War \u2013 ColdWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/First-Indochina-War\" >First Indochina War 1946 \u2013 1954 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.clemson.edu\/caah\/history\/FacultyPages\/EdMoise\/viet3.html\" >The Vietnam Wars Section 3 &#8211; The First Indochina War, by Edwin E. Mo\u00efse<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Indochina-wars\" >Indochina Wars \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indochina_Wars\" >Indochina Wars \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/first-indochina-war-1946-1954.html\" >First Indochina War: Battle of Dien Bien Phu &amp; the Geneva Conference \u2013 Study.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate\" >United States Senate<\/a> ratifies the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Atlantic_Treaty\" >North Atlantic Treaty<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/official_texts_17120.htm\" >Official Text of the North Atlantic Treaty, Washington D.C., signed on 4 April 1949<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO\" >NATO \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/North-Atlantic-Treaty-Organization\" >North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.org\/nato\/nato.htm\" >North Atlantic Treaty \u2013 TrumanLibrary.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/exhibits\/featured_documents\/north_atlantic_treaty\/\" >The North Atlantic Treaty \u2013 Featured Documents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/treaties-and-regimes\/north-atlantic-treaty-organization-nato\/\" >North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ata-sec.org\/\" >Atlantic Treaty Association Website<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/organizations\/n\/north_atlantic_treaty_organization\/index.html\" >North Atlantic Treaty Organization \u2013 Chronology Coverage \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.internationaldemocracywatch.org\/index.php\/north-atlantic-treaty-organization\" >North Atlantic Treaty Organization &#8211; IDW<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Claus_von_Stauffenberg\" >Claus von Stauffenberg<\/a> and fellow conspirators are executed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin\" >Berlin, Germany<\/a> for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/20_July_plot\" >July 20 plot<\/a> to assassinate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler\" >Adolf Hitler<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Guam_%281944%29\" >Battle of Guam<\/a> \u2013 American troops land on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guam\" >Guam<\/a> starting the battle. It would end on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_10\" >August 10<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1925\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scopes_Trial\" >Scopes Trial<\/a>: In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dayton,_Tennessee\" >Dayton, Tennessee<\/a>, high school biology teacher <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_T._Scopes\" >John T. Scopes<\/a> is found guilty of teaching <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evolution\" >evolution<\/a> in class and fined $100.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>The Crown council of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romania<\/a> decides for the country to remain neutral in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1774\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russo-Turkish_War_%281768%E2%80%931774%29\" >Russo-Turkish War (1768\u20131774)<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russia<\/a> and the Ottoman Empire sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Kaynarca\" >Treaty of K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kaynarca<\/a> ending the war.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1718\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Passarowitz\" >Treaty of Passarowitz<\/a> between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria\" >Austria<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Venice\" >Republic of Venice<\/a> is signed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>JUNE 22<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norway\" >Norway<\/a> is the victim of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2011_Norway_attacks\" >twin terror attacks<\/a>, the first being a bomb blast which targeted government buildings in central <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo\" >Oslo<\/a>, the second being a massacre at a youth camp on the island of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ut%C3%B8ya\" >Ut\u00f8ya<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Charles_de_Menezes\" >Jean Charles de Menezes<\/a> is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers responsible for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7_July_2005_London_bombings\" >7 July 2005 London bombings<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/21_July_2005_London_bombings\" >21 July 2005 London bombings<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong>Members of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/101st_Airborne_Division\" >101st Airborne<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a>, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a>, killing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saddam_Hussein\" >Saddam Hussein<\/a>&#8216;s sons <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uday_Hussein\" >Uday<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qusay_Hussein\" >Qusay<\/a>, along with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mustapha_Hussein\" >Mustapha Hussein<\/a>, Qusay&#8217;s 14-year-old son, and a bodyguard.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>Near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medell%C3%ADn\" >Medell\u00edn<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombia\" >Colombian<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drug_lord\" >drug lord<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pablo_Escobar\" >Pablo Escobar<\/a> escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martial_law_in_Poland\" >Martial law in Poland<\/a> is officially revoked.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\" >Chinese<\/a> leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deng_Xiaoping\" >Deng Xiaoping<\/a> is restored to power.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a> completes its last <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reparations_%28transitional_justice%29\" >reparation<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a> for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_crime\" >war crimes<\/a> committed during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_of_Japan\" >imperial Japan<\/a>&#8216;s conquest of the country in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_World_War\" >Second World War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak\" >Sarawak<\/a> achieve independence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/travel\/2002\/aug\/06\/travelnews.nuclearindustry.environment\" >US performs atmospheric nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_testing_at_Bikini_Atoll\" >Bikini Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_David_Hotel_bombing\" >King David Hotel bombing<\/a>: A Zionist underground organisation, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irgun\" >Irgun<\/a>, bombs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_David_Hotel\" >King David Hotel<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerusalem\" >Jerusalem<\/a>, site of the civil administration and military headquarters for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Mandate_for_Palestine\" >Mandate Palestine<\/a>, resulting in 91 deaths.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polish_Committee_of_National_Liberation\" >Polish Committee of National Liberation<\/a> publishes its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PKWN_Manifesto\" >manifesto<\/a>, starting the period of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Republic_of_Poland\" >Communist rule<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poland\" >Poland<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allied<\/a> forces capture the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italy\" >Italian<\/a> city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palermo\" >Palermo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Holocaust\" >Holocaust<\/a>: The systematic deportation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jew\" >Jews<\/a> from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw_Ghetto\" >Warsaw Ghetto<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_government\" >United States government<\/a> begins compulsory civilian <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gasoline\" >gasoline<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rationing\" >rationing<\/a> due to the wartime demands.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1937\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Deal\" >New Deal<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate\" >United States Senate<\/a> votes down President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a>&#8216;s proposal to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judiciary_Reorganization_Bill_of_1937\" >add more justices<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States\" >Supreme Court of the United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1812\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleonic_Wars\" >Napoleonic Wars<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peninsular_War\" >Peninsular War<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Salamanca\" >Battle of Salamanca<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >British<\/a> forces led by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington\" >Arthur Wellesley<\/a> (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >French<\/a> troops near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salamanca\" >Salamanca<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spain\" >Spain<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1805\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleonic_Wars\" >Napoleonic Wars<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_the_Third_Coalition\" >War of the Third Coalition<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Cape_Finisterre_%281805%29\" >Battle of Cape Finisterre<\/a> \u2013 An inconclusive naval action is fought between a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre-Charles_Villeneuve\" >Pierre-Charles Villeneuve<\/a> of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Calder\" >Robert Calder<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1797\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife_%281797%29\" >Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife<\/a>: Battle between Spanish and British naval forces during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Revolutionary_Wars\" >French Revolutionary Wars<\/a>. During the Battle, Rear-Admiral <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson\" >Nelson<\/a> is wounded in the arm and the arm had to be partially amputated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>JUNE 23<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco\" >Mohammed VI<\/a> becomes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_rulers_of_Morocco\" >King of Morocco<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_Equipment_Corporation\" >Digital Equipment Corporation<\/a> files <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Competition_law\" >antitrust<\/a> charges against chipmaker <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intel\" >Intel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.networkworld.com\/article\/2239461\/data-center\/intel-and-antitrust--a-brief-history.html\" >Intel and antitrust: A brief history \u2013 NetworkWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1997\/10\/28\/business\/intel-and-digital-settle-lawsuit-and-make-deal.html\" >\u201c<em>Ending five months of bitter legal wrangling, the Intel Corporation has agreed to buy the semiconductor manufacturing operations of the Digital Equipment Corporation for $700 million and to pay royalties to the computer maker as part of a broad settlement of a patent infringement suit brought by Digital.\u201d<\/em> \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/jolt.law.harvard.edu\/articles\/pdf\/v12\/12HarvJLTech001.pdf\" >Striking a Delicate of Balance: Intellectual Property, Antitrust, Contract, and Standardization in the Computer Industry, by Maureen A. O\u2019Rourke \u2013 Harvard Journal of Law and Technology<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com\/Antitrust+Law\" >Antitrust Law \u2013 Legal-Dictionary<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ethics.csc.ncsu.edu\/commerce\/anticompetitive\/dominance\/study.php\" >Study Guide \u2013 Definition of Monopoly \u2013 NCSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/atr\/public\/hearings\/single_firm\/docs\/220039.htm\" >Strategic Abuse of the Antitrust Laws, R. Preston MacAfee and Nicholas V. Vakkur<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comet_Hale%E2%80%93Bopp\" >Comet Hale\u2013Bopp<\/a> is discovered; it becomes visible to the naked eye on Earth nearly a year later.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agdam\" >Agdam<\/a> was occupied by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Separatism#Ethnic_separatism\" >Armenian separatists<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nagorno-Karabakh_War\" >Nagorno-Karabakh War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict\" >Nagorno-Karabakh conflict \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/war\/nagorno-karabakh-2.htm\" >Nagorno-Karabakh \u2013 1992 \u2013 1994 \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kavkazvideo.com\/armenians-occupied-and-destroyed-aghdam-23071993_ad449366f.html\" >Armenians Occupied and Destroyed Aghdam \u2013 23.07.1993 \u2013 KavkazVideo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.turkishweekly.net\/2012\/07\/23\/news\/why-and-how-agdam-fell\/\" >Why and How Agdam Fell \u2013 TurkishWeekly.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.embassyaz.lv\/en\/azerbaijan\/armenian-occupation\" >Armenian Occupation \u2013 Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.azgenconsulate.ge\/en\/amagression\/47\/\" >Armenian Aggression against Azerbaijan \u2013 Consulate General of the Republic of Azerbaijan in Batumi, Georgia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/congress-blog\/foreign-policy\/235547-the-danger-of-russia-plotting-more-ethnic-separatism-in\" >The danger of Russia plotting more ethnic separatism in Azerbaijan \u2013 TheHill.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.womenaid.org\/press\/info\/aid\/conflict.html\" >The Conflict in Caucasus \u2013 A Background Briefing \u2013 WomenAid.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cria-online.org\/5_4.html\" >Inspired from Abroad: The External Sources of Separatism in Azerbaijan \u2013 Caucasian Review of International Review<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armenian-controlled_territories_surrounding_Nagorno-Karabakh\" >Armenian-controlled territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liveleak.com\/view?i=85e_1360803455\" >Nagorno Karabagh War (1988-1994) Armenian fighters inspect Azeri column annihalated during an ambush \u2013 LiveLeak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abkhazia\" >Abkhazia<\/a> declares independence from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georgia_%28country%29\" >Georgia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia\" >International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-18175030\" >Abkhazia profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC News<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Abkhazia\" >History of Abkhazia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/conf_proceedings\/CF129\/CF-129-chapter5.html\" >Chapter 5: Georgia-Abkhazia, by Evgeny M. Kozhikin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/georgiaconfliqt\/home\/shorthistoryofabkhazia-abkhazian-georgianrelations\" >A Short History of Abkhazia \u2013 Abkhazian-Georgian Relations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.abkhazeti.com\/history\/history-of-abkhazia\" >History of Abkhazia \u2013 Abkhazite.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/article\/abkhazia-georgia-and-history-a-response\" >Abkhazia, Georgia, and history: a response \u2013 OpenDemocracy.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abkhazworld.com\/aw\/history\/643-summary-of-historical-events\" >Summary of Historical Events in Abkhazian History, 1810 \u2013 1993 \u2013 AbkhazWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catholic_Church\" >Vatican<\/a> commission, led by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_Benedict_XVI\" >Joseph Ratzinger<\/a>, establishes that limiting certain rights of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homosexuality\" >homosexual<\/a> people and non-married couples is not equivalent to discrimination on grounds of race or gender.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religion_and_homosexuality\" >Religion and homosexuality \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homosexuality_and_Roman_Catholicism\" >Homosexuality and the Roman Catholicism &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.soc.ucsb.edu\/sexinfo\/article\/homosexuality-and-religion\" >Homosexuality and Religion \u2013 SOC.UCSB.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.people-press.org\/2013\/06\/06\/section-3-religious-belief-and-views-of-homosexuality\/\" >Section 3: Religious Belief and Views of Homosexuality \u2013 People-Press.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/religiondispatches.org\/does-religion-condemn-homosexuality\/\" >Does Religion Condemn Homosexuality? \u2013 ReligionDispatches.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.religionfacts.com\/compare\/homosexuality-views\" >Compare Religious Views on Homosexuality \u2013 ReligiousFacts.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.religioustolerance.org\/homosexu3.htm\" >The impacts of religion on the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community \u2013 ReligiousTorelance.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.religioustolerance.org\/hom6beli.htm\" >Two definitions and six interpretations about homosexuality and bisexuality \u2013 ReligiousTolerance.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.religioustolerance.org\/ashford01.htm\" >Six biblical reasons why Christians should embrace same-sex Relationships. Better Believe It\u2026The Bible Shows! \u2013 ReligiousTolerance.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2015\/03\/18\/where-christian-churches-stand-on-gay-marriage\/\" >Where Christian churches, other religions stand on gay marriage \u2013 PewResearch.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/life\/faithbased\/2003\/11\/a_common_missed_conception.html\" >A Common Missed Conception \u2013 Why religious people are against gay marriage. By Steven Waldman \u2013 Slate.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rod-snyder\/religious-liberty-vs-lgbt_b_6951116.html\" >Religious Liberty vs. LGBT Rights: How the Church Is Missing the Point, Ignoring the Gospel, and Losing a Generation, by Rod Snyder \u2013 Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2015\/02\/18\/world\/lgbt-group-vatican\/\" >LGBT Catholic group gets special seating during Pope\u2019s weekly address &#8211; CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong>General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ne_Win\" >Ne Win<\/a>, effective ruler of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burma\" >Burma<\/a> since 1962, resigns after pro-democracy protests.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>13 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka_Army\" >Sri Lanka Army<\/a> soldiers are killed after a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Four_Four_Bravo\" >deadly ambush<\/a> by the militant <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam\" >Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Whaling_Commission\" >International Whaling Commission<\/a> decides to end commercial <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whaling\" >whaling<\/a> by 1985-86.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/iwc.int\/home\" >International Whaling Commission \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/iwc.int\/commercial\" >Commercial Whaling \u2013 International Whaling Commission<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/5988266\/the-tragic-story-of-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/frances-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >France performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moruroa\" >Muruora Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%9374\" >Greek military junta<\/a> collapses, and former Prime Minister <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantinos_Karamanlis\" >Konstantinos Karamanlis<\/a> is invited to lead the new government, beginning Greece&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metapolitefsi\" >metapolitefsi<\/a> era.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death In Kazakhsatan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Library<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qaboos_bin_Said_al_Said\" >Qaboos bin Said al Said<\/a> becomes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sultan\" >Sultan<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oman\" >Oman<\/a> after overthrowing his father, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Said_bin_Taimur\" >Said bin Taimur<\/a> initiating massive reforms, modernization programs and end to a decade long civil war.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8236431.stm\" >Eastern Kazakh<\/a>\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/appraisals\/semipalatinsk.asp\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gizmodo.com\/inside-the-former-soviet-unions-secret-nuclear-test-cit-1633578671\" >Inside the Former Soviet Union\u2019s Secret Nuclear Test Cities, by Kelsey Campbell-Dollaghan \u2013 Gizmodo.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntests0.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: introduction, complied by Wm. Robert Johnston<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong>The only successful hijacking of an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Al\" >El Al<\/a> aircraft takes place when a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing_707\" >Boeing 707<\/a> carrying ten crew and 38 passengers is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Al_Flight_426_hijacking\" >taken over<\/a> by three members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine\" >Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine<\/a>. The aircraft was en route from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rome\" >Rome, Italy<\/a>, to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lod\" >Lod, Israel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1967_Detroit_riot\" >12th Street Riot<\/a>: In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Detroit\" >Detroit, Michigan<\/a>, one of the worst <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riot\" >riots<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_United_States\" >United States history<\/a> begins on 12th Street in the predominantly <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_American\" >African American<\/a> inner city. It ultimately kills 43 people, injures 342 and burns about 1,400 buildings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Agreement_on_the_Neutrality_of_Laos\" >International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos<\/a> is signed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telstar\" >Telstar<\/a> relays the first publicly transmitted, live trans-<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantic_Ocean\" >Atlantic<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Television\" >television<\/a> program, featuring <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walter_Cronkite\" >Walter Cronkite<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front\" >Sandinista National Liberation Front<\/a> is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicaragua\" >Nicaragua<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong>General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Naguib\" >Muhammad Naguib<\/a> leads the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_Officers_Movement_%28Egypt%29\" >Free Officers Movement<\/a> (formed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser\" >Gamal Abdel Nasser<\/a>, the real power behind the coup) in overthrowing King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farouk_of_Egypt\" >Farouk of Egypt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community\" >European Coal and Steel Community<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>The post-war legal processes against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain\" >Philippe P\u00e9tain<\/a> begin.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Tinian\" >US forces invade Japanese-held Tinian in WW II<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>US troops occupy <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pisa\" >Pisa<\/a> Italy.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.criticalpast.com\/video\/65675037768_Leaning-Tower-of-Pisa_General-Clarke_United-States-5th-Army_River-Arno\" >Unite States 5<sup>th<\/sup> Army troops enter Pisa after Nazi surrender \u2013 CriticalPast.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ww2online.org\/image\/us-soldiers-walk-past-sign-pisa-italy-25-july-1944\" >Photograph: US soldiers walk past sign in Pisa, Italy, photo taken on 25 July 1944 \u2013 THE DIGITAL COLLECTIONS OF THE NATIONAL WWII MUSEUM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/vjw\/Pisa.html\" >Pisa, Italy \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Pisa-Italy\" >\u201c<em>In World War II Pisa suffered severe damage in 1944 when prolonged fighting took place on the Germans\u2019 Gothic Line (Pesaro-Rimini) of defenses. The many churches damaged or ruined at this time were subsequently restored, but the area south of the river, which suffered widespread destruction, still has a somewhat characterless aspect<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Pisa &#8211; Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II\" >Military history of Italy during World War II &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.peaceandjustice.it\/camp-darby.php\" >US Military Base Camp in Darby near Pisa \u2013 PeaceAndJustice.it<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_United_States_Army_installations_in_Italy\" >List of the United States installations in Italy &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >British<\/a> destroyers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Eclipse_%28H08%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Eclipse<\/em><\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Laforey_%28G99%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Laforey<\/em><\/a> sink the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italy\" >Italian<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Submarine\" >submarine<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/600-Serie_Adua_class_submarine\" ><em>Ascianghi<\/em><\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mediterranean\" >Mediterranean<\/a> after she torpedoes the cruiser <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Newfoundland_%2859%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Newfoundland<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgaria\" >Bulgarian<\/a> poet and Communist leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikola_Vaptsarov\" >Nikola Vaptsarov<\/a> is executed by firing squad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The German offensives <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Edelweiss\" >Operation Edelweiss<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Braunschweig\" >Operation Braunschweig<\/a> begin.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Holocaust\" >The Holocaust<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treblinka_extermination_camp\" >Treblinka extermination camp<\/a> is opened.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>The United States&#8217; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Under_Secretary_of_State\" >Under Secretary of State<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sumner_Welles\" >Sumner Welles<\/a> issues a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Welles_Declaration\" >declaration<\/a> on the US non-recognition policy of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> annexation and incorporation of three <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baltic_states\" >Baltic states<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvia\" >Latvia<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lithuania\" >Lithuania<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalonia\" >Catalonia, Spain<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unified_Socialist_Party_of_Catalonia\" >Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia<\/a> is founded through the merger of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Socialism\" >Socialist<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communism\" >Communist<\/a> parties.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1929\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_Fascism\" >Fascist<\/a> government in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Italy\" >Italy<\/a> bans the use of foreign words.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/440543\/Language_and_Nationalism_in_Italy\" >Language and Nationalism in Europe: Chapter 8 Language and Nationalism in Italy \u2013 Language as a weak marker of identity, by Carlo Ruzza, Essex University \u2013 Academia.edu<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.erudit.org\/revue\/meta\/2012\/v57\/n2\/1013946ar.pdf\" >Censorial Interferences in the Dubbing of Foreign Films in Fascist Italy: 1927-1943&#8243;, by Carla Mereu \u2013 Erdit.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edri.blogactiv.eu\/2008\/09\/26\/there-is-no-censorship-in-italy-but\/\" >There is no censorship in Italy but\u2026- BlogActive.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bakercatherine.wordpress.com\/2011\/08\/25\/language-and-nationalism-and-language-and-nationalism\/\" >Language and Nationalism and language and nationalism, by Catherine Baker \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ccat.sas.upenn.edu\/italians\/resources\/Amiciprize\/1996\/mussolini.html\" >The Cinema Under Mussolini \u2013 UPENN.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_nationalism\" >Italian nationalism \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/?title=Italian_Fascism\" >Italian fascism \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italianization\" >Italianization \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glossary_of_Fascist_Italy\" >Glossary of Fascist Italy \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/specialcollections.library.wisc.edu\/exhibits\/Fascism\/Intro.html\" >Italian Fascism, by Stanley G. Payne \u2013 WISC.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/lass.purduecal.edu\/cca\/gmj\/sp04\/graduatesp04\/gmj-sp04gradref-ferrari.htm\" >The Nanny in Italy: Language, Nationalism and Cultural Identity, by Chiara Ferrari \u2013 Global Media Journal<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.erudit.org\/revue\/ttr\/2002\/v15\/n2\/007480ar.html\" >Foreign Literature in Fascist Italy: Circulation and Censorship, by Jane Dunnett \u2013 Erudit.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.beaconforfreedom.org\/liste.html?tid=415&amp;art_id=475\" >The Long History of Censorship, by Mette Newth \u2013 BeaconForFreedom.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary<\/a> issues a series of demands in an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/July_Crisis\" >ultimatum<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Serbia\" >Kingdom of Serbia<\/a> demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria\" >Archduke Franz Ferdinand<\/a>. Serbia accepts all but one of those demands and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/July_Crisis\" >Austria declares war<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/July_28\" >July 28<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1908\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Constitutional_Era\" >The Second Constitution<\/a> accepted by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottomans<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1881\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boundary_treaty_of_1881_between_Chile_and_Argentina\" >Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina<\/a> is signed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires\" >Buenos Aires<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1833\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cornerstone\" >Cornerstones<\/a> are laid for the construction of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kirtland_Temple\" >Kirtland Temple<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kirtland,_Ohio\" >Kirtland, Ohio<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1829\u00a0 <\/strong>In the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Austin_Burt\" >William Austin Burt<\/a> patents the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Typographer_%28typewriter%29\" >typographer<\/a>, a precursor to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Typewriter\" >typewriter<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1821\u00a0 <\/strong>While the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_War_of_Independence\" >Mora Rebellion<\/a> continues, Greeks capture <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monemvasia\" >Monemvasia Castle<\/a>. Turkish troops and citizens are transferred to Minor Asia coasts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1793\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Prussia\" >Kingdom of Prussia<\/a> re-conquers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mainz\" >Mainz<\/a> from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>JUNE 24<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bandaranaike_Airport_attack\" >Bandaranaike Airport attack<\/a> is carried out by 14 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam\" >Tamil Tiger<\/a> commandos, all died in this attack. They destroyed 11 Aircraft (mostly military) and damaged 15, there are no civilian casualties. This incident slowed down <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lankan<\/a> economy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simeon_Saxe-Coburg-Gotha\" >Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha<\/a>, the last <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Bulgarian_monarchs\" >Tsar<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgaria\" >Bulgaria<\/a> when he was a child, is sworn in as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Bulgaria\" >Prime Minister of Bulgaria<\/a>, becoming the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monarch\" >monarch<\/a> in history to regain <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Power_%28politics%29\" >political power<\/a> through democratic <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Election\" >election<\/a> to a different office.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manmohan_Singh\" >Manmohan Singh<\/a> presents his budget speech to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Parliament\" >Indian Parliament<\/a> which led to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_liberalisation_in_India\" >economic liberalisation in India<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraqi<\/a> forces start massing on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuwait\" >Kuwait<\/a>&#8211;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a> border.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/chronicle.fanack.com\/iraq\/history-past-to-present\/the-kuwait-crisis\/\" >The Kuwait Crisis \u2013 Chronicle.Fanack.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invasion_of_Kuwait\" >Invasion of Kuwait &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_July\" >Black July<\/a> anti-Tamil riots begin in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lanka<\/a>, killing between 400 and 3,000. Black July is generally regarded as the beginning of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War\" >Sri Lankan Civil War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>End of a four day long <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libyan%E2%80%93Egyptian_War\" >Libyan\u2013Egyptian War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watergate_scandal\" >Watergate scandal<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States\" >United States Supreme Court<\/a> unanimously ruled that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >President<\/a> Richard Nixon did not have the authority to withhold subpoenaed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House\" >White House<\/a> tapes and they order him to surrender the tapes to the Watergate special prosecutor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bugojno_group\" >Bugojno group<\/a> is caught by Yugoslav security forces.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_program\" >Apollo program<\/a>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_11\" >Apollo 11<\/a><\/em> splashes down safely in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Ocean\" >Pacific Ocean<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong>During an official state visit to Canada, French <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_de_Gaulle\" >Charles de Gaulle<\/a> declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montreal\" >Montreal<\/a>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vive_le_Qu%C3%A9bec_libre\" >Vive le Qu\u00e9bec libre<\/a>!<\/em> (&#8220;Long live free Quebec!&#8221;). The statement, interpreted as support for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quebec_sovereignty_movement\" >Quebec independence<\/a>, delighted many <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French-speaking_Quebecer\" >Quebecers<\/a> but angered the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canadian<\/a> government and many <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/English_Canada\" >English Canadians<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong>At the opening of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_National_Exhibition\" >American National Exhibition<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moscow\" >Moscow<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vice_President_of_the_United_States\" >U.S. Vice President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a> and Soviet <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premier\" >Premier<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikita_Khrushchev\" >Nikita Khrushchev<\/a> have a &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kitchen_Debate\" >Kitchen Debate<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/stories\/0707\/5071.html\" >Nixon and Khrushchev hold \u2018kitchen debate\u2019 July 24, 1959 \u2013 Politico.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historychannel.com.au\/classroom\/day-in-history\/206\/kitchen-debate-in-moscow\" >This Day in History \u2013 Kitchen Debate in Moscow \u2013 HistoryChannel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station\" >Cape Canaveral Air Force Station<\/a> begins operations with the launch of a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bumper_%28rocket%29\" >Bumper rocket<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombing_of_Hamburg_in_World_War_II\" >Operation Gomorrah<\/a> begins: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >British<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canadian<\/a> aeroplanes bomb <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamburg\" >Hamburg<\/a> by night, and American planes by day. By the end of the operation in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/November\" >November<\/a>, 9,000 tons of explosives will have killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong>First ascent of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eiger\" >Eiger<\/a> north face.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1929\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kellogg%E2%80%93Briand_Pact\" >Kellogg\u2013Briand Pact<\/a>, a.k.a. the Pact of Paris, renouncing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War\" >war<\/a> as an instrument of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_policy\" >foreign policy<\/a>, goes into effect (it is first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928 by most leading world powers).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yale.edu\/lawweb\/avalon\/imt\/kbpact.htm\" >Full Text of the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.enotes.com\/topics\/kellogg-briand-pact-131507\" >Kellogg-Briand Pact e-Text<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/subject_menus\/kbmenu.asp\" >The Kellogg-Briand Pact documents \u2013 Avalon Project \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1921-1936\/kellogg\" >Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928 \u2013 Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Compare <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crimesagainstpeace.org\/kellogg-briand-pact\/\" >Articles I and II of the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928<\/a> with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Article_9_of_the_Japanese_Constitution\" >Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan of 1947<\/a>:<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questia.com\/library\/history\/primary-historical-and-political-documents\/kellogg-briand-pact\" >List of books and articles about the Kellogg-Briand Pact \u2013 Questia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1924\u00a0 <\/strong>Archeologist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Themistoklis_Sofoulis\" >Themistoklis Sofoulis<\/a> becomes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Greece\" >Prime Minister of Greece<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1923\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Lausanne\" >Treaty of Lausanne<\/a>, settling the boundaries of modern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a>, is signed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Switzerland\" >Switzerland<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greece\" >Greece<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgaria\" >Bulgaria<\/a> and other countries that fought in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wwi.lib.byu.edu\/index.php\/Treaty_of_Lausanne\" >Full Text of the Treaty of Lausanne:<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/lausanne-peace-treaty.en.mfa\" >Lausanne Peace Treaty \u2013 Summary of Contents \u2013 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Treaty_of_Lausanne.aspx\" >Lausanne, Treaty of (1923) \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1922\u00a0 <\/strong>The draft of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mandatory_Palestine\" >British Mandate of Palestine<\/a> was formally confirmed by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/League_of_Nations#Council\" >Council of the League of Nations<\/a>; it came into effect on 26 September 1923.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Mandate_for_Palestine_%28legal_instrument%29\" >British Mandate for Palestine (legal instrument) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/unispal.un.org\/UNISPAL.NSF\/0\/2FCA2C68106F11AB05256BCF007BF3CB\" >League of Nations Mandate for Palestine \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/3871779\/the-jewish-settlements-in-the-land-of-israel-1881-1948-flash-cards\/\" >The Jewish Settlements in the Land of Israel 1881 &#8211; 1948 \u2013 Quizlet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldnavalships.com\/forums\/showthread.php?t=14188\" >British Mandate in Palestine 1919 \u2013 1948 \u2013 WorldNavalShips.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ampalestine.org\/index.php\/history\/the-british-mandate\/224-palestine-mandated\" >The Zionist connection to the Palestine mandate \u2013 AMPalestine.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.conspiracytruths.co.uk\/genocide.html\" >Genocide: Palestine and the State of Israel: A glance at a bloody history, by Liam Roberts \u2013 Conspiracy Truths<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mythsandfacts.org\/conflict\/mandate_for_palestine\/mandate_for_palestine.htm\" >\u201cMandate for Palestine \u2013 The Legal Aspects of Jewish Rights, by Eli E. Hertz \u2013 Myths and Facts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/13642451\/middle-east-conflict-flash-cards\/\" >Middle East Conflict &#8211; Quizlet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestinechronicle.com\/old\/view_article_details.php?id=14037\" >Palestine through History: A Chronology (I) \u2013 Palestine Chronical<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hiram_Bingham_III\" >Hiram Bingham III<\/a> re-discovers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Machu_Picchu\" >Machu Picchu<\/a>, &#8220;the Lost City of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inca_Empire\" >Incas<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1910\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a> captures the city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shkod%C3%ABr\" >Shkod\u00ebr<\/a>, putting down the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albanian_Revolt_of_1910\" >Albanian Revolt of 1910<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1847\u00a0 <\/strong>After 17 months of travel, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brigham_Young\" >Brigham Young<\/a> leads 148 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mormons\" >Mormon<\/a> pioneers into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salt_Lake_Valley\" >Salt Lake Valley<\/a>, resulting in the establishment of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salt_Lake_City\" >Salt Lake City<\/a>. Celebrations of this event include the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pioneer_Day_%28Utah%29\" >Pioneer Day<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Utah\" >Utah<\/a> state holiday and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Days_of_%2747_Parade\" >Days of &#8217;47 Parade<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1823\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maracaibo\" >Maracaibo<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venezuela\" >Venezuela<\/a> the naval <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Lake_Maracaibo\" >Battle of Lake Maracaibo<\/a> takes place, where <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Prudencio_Padilla\" >Admiral Jos\u00e9 Prudencio Padilla<\/a>, defeats the Spanish Navy, thus culminating the independence for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gran_Colombia\" >Gran Colombia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1862\/01\/13\/news\/naval-military-forces-spain-their-history-their-actual-organization-strength.html\" >THE NAVAL AND MILITARY FORCE OF SPAIN.: Their History, and Their Actual Organization and Strength \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1823\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slavery\" >Slavery<\/a> is abolished in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chile\" >Chile<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/q2nqda21lyib\/slavery-in-chile\/\" >Slavery in Chile \u2013 Prezi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/histclo.com\/act\/work\/slave\/ast\/end\/atle-la.html\" >Ending The Atlantic African Slave Trade: Latin America (1810s \u2013 50s) \u2013 histclo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afro-Chilean\" >Afro-Chilean \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com\/2012\/09\/african-descendants-in-chile-afro.html\" >African Descendants in Chile (Afro-Chileans) \u2013 TRIP DOWN MEMORY LANE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/chile\/38.htm\" >Population \u2013 Chile &#8211; Country Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Chile\" >History of Chile &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>JUNE 25<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pranab_Mukherjee\" >Pranab Mukherjee<\/a> became the 13th president of India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WikiLeaks\" >WikiLeaks<\/a> publishes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghan_War_documents_leak\" >classified documents about the War in Afghanistan<\/a>, one of the largest leaks in U.S. military history.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldcantwait.net\/index.php\/wikileaks\/6541-nearly-92000-classified-documents-leaked-expose-truth-of-afghan-war\" >Nearly 92.000 Classified Documents Leaked, Exposed Truth of Afghan War \u2013 WorldCantWait.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/atwar.blogs.nytimes.com\/2010\/07\/25\/the-war-logs\/\" >The War Logs: Reaction to Disclosure of Military Documents on Afghan War, by The New York Times \u2013 AtWar.Blogs.NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/news_and_politics\/war_stories\/2010\/07\/not_the_pentagon_papers.html\" >No one who\u2019s been paying attention should be surprised by the Wikileaks documents about the war in Afghanistan. \u2013 Slate.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/jul\/25\/afghanistan-war-logs-military-leaks\" >\u201c<em>A huge cache of secret US military files today provides a devastating portrait of the failing war in Afghanistan, revealing how coalition forces have killed hundreds of civilians in unreported incidents<\/em>\u2026\u201d &#8211; Afghanistan war logs: Massive leak of secret files exposes truth of occupation \u2013 TheGuaridan.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A.P.J._Abdul_Kalam\" >APJ Abdul Kalam<\/a> became the 11th president of India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Concorde\" >Concorde<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_France_Flight_4590\" >Air France Flight 4590<\/a> crashes at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport\" >Paris Charles de Gaulle airport<\/a>, killing 113 passengers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>In a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1996_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >military coup in Burundi<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Buyoya\" >Pierre Buyoya<\/a> deposes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sylvestre_Ntibantunganya\" >Sylvestre Ntibantunganya<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>Israel and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jordan\" >Jordan<\/a> sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_Treaty_of_Peace\" >Washington Declaration<\/a>, that formally ends the state of war that had existed between the nations since 1948.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_James_Church_massacre\" >Saint James Church massacre<\/a> occurs in Kenilworth, Cape Town, South Africa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong>Israel launches a massive attack against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanon\" >Lebanon<\/a> in what the Israelis call <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Accountability\" >Operation Accountability<\/a>, and the Lebanese call the Seven-Day War.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>US performs nuclear test at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong>US performs nuclear test at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\" >THE UNITED STATES\u2019 NUCLEAR TESTING PROGRAMME &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USA-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, United States: overview, compiled by Wm Robert Johnston \u2013 JohnstonsArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong>USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >SOVIET UNION\u2019S NUCLEAR TESTING PROGRAMME \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntests0.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: introduction, compiled by Wm Robert Johnston \u2013 JohnStonesArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1984 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salyut_7\" >Salyut 7<\/a><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astronaut\" >cosmonaut<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Svetlana_Savitskaya\" >Svetlana Savitskaya<\/a> becomes the first woman to perform a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extra-vehicular_activity\" >space walk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_July\" >Black July<\/a>: Thirty-seven <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_people\" >Tamil<\/a> political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombo\" >Colombo<\/a> are <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Welikada_prison_massacre\" >massacred<\/a> by the fellow <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinhalese_people\" >Sinhalese<\/a> prisoners.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong>US performs nuclear test at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>Another section of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinai_Peninsula\" >Sinai Peninsula<\/a> is peacefully returned by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louise_Brown\" >Louise Brown<\/a>, the world&#8217;s first &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/In_vitro_fertilisation\" >test tube baby<\/a>&#8221; is born.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puerto_Rico\" >Puerto Rico<\/a> police assassinate two nationalists in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cerro_Maravilla_murders\" >Cerro Maravilla murders<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viking_program\" >Viking program<\/a>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viking_1\" >Viking 1<\/a><\/em> takes the famous <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cydonia_%28region_of_Mars%29\" >Face on Mars<\/a> photo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars_program\" >Mars 5<\/a><\/em> space probe is launched.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >U.S. President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a> declares the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nixon_Doctrine\" >Nixon Doctrine<\/a>, stating that the United States now expects its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asia\" >Asian<\/a> allies to take care of their own military defense. This is the start of the &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamization\" >Vietnamization<\/a>&#8221; of the war.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>In a speech <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_F._Kennedy\" >John F. Kennedy<\/a> emphasizes that any attack on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin\" >Berlin<\/a> is an attack on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO\" >NATO<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lloyd_J._Old\" >Lloyd J. Old<\/a> introduced <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BCG_vaccine\" >BCG<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuberculosis\" >tuberculosis<\/a> vaccine, into experimental cancer research as a way to stimulate non-specific resistance to tumor growth. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/chemocare.com\/chemotherapy\/drug-info\/bcg.aspx\" >BCG<\/a> was FDA-approved in 1991 and is now widely used as a first line treatment for superficial bladder cancer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SR.N1\" >SR.N1<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hovercraft\" >hovercraft<\/a> crosses the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/English_Channel\" >English Channel<\/a> from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calais\" >Calais, France<\/a> to Dover, England in just over two hours.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_Regroupment_Party\" >African Regroupment Party<\/a> (PRA) holds its first congress in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cotonou\" >Cotonou<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mbaye-Jacques_Diop\" >Mbaye-Jacques Diop &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Cotonou\" >Cotonou \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.virtualtourist.com\/travel\/Africa\/Benin\/Cotonou-1931270\/Things_To_Do-Cotonou-TG-C-1.html\" >Cotonou Things to Do \u2013 VirtualTourist.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cotonou_Agreement\" >\u201c<em>The Cotonou Agreement is a treaty between the European Union and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (&#8220;ACP countries&#8221;).<\/em>\u201d &#8211; Cotonou Agreement &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong>US performs nuclear test at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong>The Republic of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunisia\" >Tunisia<\/a> is proclaimed.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Tunisia\" >History of Tunisia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac93\" >History of Tunisia \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/tunisia\/\" >7 Articles In: Country History &#8211; About Education<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unincorporated_territories_of_the_United_States\" >US non-incorporated territory<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puerto_Rico\" >Puerto Rico<\/a> adopts a constitution.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico\" >Constitution of Puerto Rico \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico\" >Text of the Constitution of Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (1952)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_of_Rights_of_Puerto_Rico\" >Bill of Rights of Puerto Rico \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a>; and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico#Article_Two:_Bill_of_Rights\" >Article Two: Bill of Rights &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Puerto_Rico\" >History of Puerto Rico \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.prboriken.com\/culture.htm\" >Puerto Rico \u2013 Culture and History \u2013 Puerto Rico Boriken<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/travel\/puerto-rico-history-and-heritage-13990189\/?no-ist\" >Puerto Rico \u2013 History and Heritage \u2013 SmithsonianMag.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/our-work\/countries\/americas\/puerto-rico\" >Puerto Rico Human Rights \u2013 Amnesty International<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hrbrief.org\/2015\/03\/general-human-rights-situation-in-puerto-rico-united-states\/\" >General Human Rights Situation in Puerto Rico, March 18, 2015, by Allie Kepkay \u2013 Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.panampost.com\/frank-worley-lopez\/2015\/06\/23\/puerto-rico-doesnt-need-cuba-nor-the-united-nations\/\" >\u201c<em>There are reports out [this week] that Cuba is going to represent Puerto Rico at the United Nations. That\u2019s \u2026 great. Has anyone in the Puerto Rican government thought for a moment about the implications of having Cuba represent their interests before the United Nations?<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Puerto Rico Doesn\u2019t Need Cuba nor the United Nations \u2013 PanamPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/09\/24\/human-rights-violations-puerto-rico_n_3983738.html\" >\u201c<em>The National Lawyers Guild and other groups have filed a petition with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights against the U.S. government in a case involving Puerto Ricans living in the island of Vieques, which was once used as a bombing range<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 U.S. Accused of Violations Of Human Rights In Puerto Rico \u2013 Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_People%27s_Army\" >Korean People&#8217;s Army<\/a> crossed the 38th parallel starting The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\" >Korean War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.paulnoll.com\/Korea\/History\/NKPA-forces.html\" >North Korean People\u2019s Army Forces at June 1950 \u2013 PaulNoll.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_People%27s_Army_Ground_Force\" >Korean People\u2019s Army Ground Force \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/korean-war\" >Korean War \u2013 Facts &amp; Summary &#8211; History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\" >Korean War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/battleswars1900s\/tp\/The-Korean-War.htm\" >Korean War \u2013 An Overview \u2013 About Education<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.searchbeat.com\/koreanwar.htm\" >Korean War \u2013 History Guide \u2013 SearchBeat.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Korean-War\" >Korean War 1950 \u2013 1953 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/geography.answers.com\/history\/the-korean-conflict\" >The Korean Conflict \u2013 Answers.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/korean-war.com\/\" >\u201c<em>Korean War was the first war which required the United Nations Organisation to flex its muscles<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 About the War \u2013 Korean-War.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.icks.org\/publication\/pdf\/2010-FALL-WINTER\/3.pdf\" >The Causes of the Korean War, by Ohn Chang-Il, Korea Military Academy<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.learnkoreanlanguage.com\/causes-of-the-korean-war.html\" >Causes of the Koran War &#8211; LearnKoreanLanguage.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/amanda1035.tripod.com\/id2.html\" >Causes of the Korean War \u2013 Tripod.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johndclare.net\/EC5.htm\" >Why did the Korean War break out in 1950? \u2013 JohndClare.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historycentral.com\/korea\/causes.html\" >Cause of the Korean War \u2013 HistoryCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/deehuda\/korean-war-11347776\" >CAUSE AND EFFECT OF KOREAN WAR \u2013 SlideShare.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/allaboutthekoreanwar.blogspot.com\/2013\/04\/causes-and-effects-causes-main-cause.html\" >Causes and Effects of Korean War \u2013 AboutTheKoreanWar.Blogspot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.buzzle.com\/articles\/cause-and-effects-of-korean-war.html\" >Causes and Effects of the Korean War \u2013 Buzzle.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_the_Army\" >US Department of Army<\/a> created.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.army.mil\/\" >US Department of Army \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hqda.army.mil\/hqda\/main\/home.asp\" >HQ, Department of Army Home Page, United States<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Crossroads\" >Operation Crossroads<\/a>: An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapon\" >atomic bomb<\/a> is detonated underwater in the lagoon of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bikini_Atoll\" >Bikini Atoll<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.navy.mil\/our-collections\/art\/exhibits\/conflicts-and-operations\/operation-crossroads-bikini-atoll.html\" >Operation Crossroads: Bikini Atoll \u2013 Naval History and Heritage Command<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.navy.mil\/research\/histories\/oral-histories\/post-1946\/operation-crossroads-1946.html\" >Oral History: Operation Crossroads, Nuclear Weapons Test at Bikini Atoll, 1946 \u2013 Naval History and Heritage Command<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.warhistoryonline.com\/war-articles\/operation-crossroads-the-nuclear-weapons-test-on-bikini-atoll.html\" >Operation Crossroads \u2013 Nuclear Weapons Test on Bikini Atoll \u2013 WarHistoryOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Photos\/LANL\/Crossroads.shtml\" >Operation Crossroads \u2013 1946 Bikini atoll lagoon, Marshall Islands, Pacific \u2013 AtomicArchive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicheritage.org\/history\/operation-crossroads\" >Operation Crossroads \u2013 Atomic Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bikiniatoll.com\/facts.html\" >Bikini Atoll Reference Facts \u2013 BikiniAtoll.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.justanswer.com\/military-law\/510o5-dad-operation-crossroads-bikini-atoll-1946.html\" >My dad was at Operation Crossroads, Bikini Atoll, 1946 \u2013 JustAnswer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mnh.si.edu\/onehundredyears\/expeditions\/bikini.html\" >The Bikini Atoll Survey \u201cOperational Crossroads, \u201c1946-47\u201d \u2013 Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/diveadventures.com\/pages\/destinations\/Micronesia\/bikini_lagoon.htm\" >Dive Micronesia &#8211; Bikini Lagoon \u2013 DiveAdventures.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=N_j4aQ1GlzM\" >YouTube video (0:26 sec.): Operation crossroads, nuclear test at Bikini Atoll (1946)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ehjy0NeoB44\" >YouTube video (47min. 58 sec.): World of Discovery \u2013 Bikini: Forbidden Paradise<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Spring\" >Operation Spring<\/a> \u2013 one of the bloodiest days for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Canadian_Army\" >First Canadian Army<\/a> during the war: One thousand five hundred casualties, including 500 killed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benito_Mussolini\" >Benito Mussolini<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/25_Luglio\" >is forced out of office<\/a> by his own <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italy\" >Italian<\/a> Grand Council and is replaced by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pietro_Badoglio\" >Pietro Badoglio<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_resistance_movement\" >Norwegian Manifesto calls for nonviolent resistance<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazism\" >Nazis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Nonviolence resistance:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nonviolent_resistance\" >Nonviolence resistance &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/midtownblogger.blogspot.com\/2014\/02\/non-violence-in-world-war-ii-norway.html\" >Nonviolence in World War II \u2013 Norway Teachers \u2013 Midtown Blogger<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ppu.org.uk\/learn\/infodocs\/nvww2\/ww2_nonviolence_norway1.html\" >Nonviolence \u2013 What happened in Norway \u2013 Nonviolence in World War Two \u2013 PPU.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/feature\/how-swedes-and-norwegians-broke-the-power-of-the-1-percent\/\" >How Swedes and Norwegians broke the power of \u20181 percent\u2019, by George Lakey \u2013 Waging Nonviolence<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/de.hpu.edu\/hwood\/PeaceStudies\/Events\/Berliin-1943-%20from%20Sharp%20Disregarded%20History.pdf\" >DISREGARDED HISTORY: The Power of Nonviolent Action, by Gene Sharp \u2013 HPU.edu<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bmartin.cc\/pubs\/87Nazis\/\" >The Nazis and nonviolence \u2013 Bmartin.cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rosemarieberger.com\/2010\/03\/31\/nonviolence-what-about-hitler\/\" >Nonviolence: How About Hitler? \u2013 RoseMarieBerger.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irnc.org\/Diaporamas\/Items.en\/diap_DCNV_2_1_second_world_war.pdf\" >Historical examples of civil non-armed resistance to a military assault, by \u00c9tienne Godinot, translated by Claudia McKenny Engstr\u00f6m \u2013 IRNC.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wagingnonviolence.org\/2014\/01\/five-movies-upset-mainstream-wwii-narrative-show-power-nonviolent-resistance\/\" >5 movies that show the power of nonviolent resistance during World War II \u2013 Waging Nonviolence<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slideserve.com\/bonner\/nonviolent-resistance-to-the-nazis\" >NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE TO THE NAZIS \u2013 1.) Denmark, 2.) Norway, 3.) The Netherlands<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Nonviolence and Religions:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.myjewishlearning.com\/article\/pacifism-in-jewish-law\/\" >Pacifism in Jewish Law<\/a>; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_pacifism\" >Christian pacifism &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a>; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacifism_in_Islam\" >Pacifism of Islam &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a>; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ahimsa#Hinduism\" >Nonviolence in Hinduism \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a>; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ahimsa#Jainism\" >Nonviolence in Jainism<\/a>; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ahimsa#Buddhism\" >Nonviolence in Buddhism &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/turning-the-tide.org\/nonviolence\" >About Nonviolence \u2013 Turning-The-Tide.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mkgandhi.org\/articles\/satyagraha1.htm\" >Satyagraha: Gandhi\u2019s Approach to Peacemaking, by Maya Chadda \u2013 MKGandhi.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.countercurrents.org\/shahin011110.htm\" >Role of Religions In Promoting Non-Violence: Islam\u2019s Valuable Resources For Peacemaking, by Sultan Shahin \u2013 CounterCurrents.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.meta-religion.com\/World_Religions\/Sufism\/religion_and_non-violence.htm#.VYqjp0aufX4\" >Religion and Non-Violence: Conflict Resolution \u2013 Meta-Religion.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/Documents\/in\/Religion_and_Violence_Nonviolence\" >Documents in Religion and Violence\/Nonviolence \u2013 Academia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Guisan\" >Henri Guisan<\/a> orders the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_of_Switzerland\" >Swiss Army<\/a> to resist German invasion and makes surrender illegal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1934\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazis<\/a> assassinate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria\" >Austrian<\/a> Chancellor <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Engelbert_Dollfuss\" >Engelbert Dollfuss<\/a> in a failed coup attempt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1925\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telegraph_Agency_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union<\/a> (TASS) is established.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/history\" >TASS History \u2013 TASS.ru<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.squawk-flash.org\/20th_tass\/20th_history.htm\" >History of the 20<sup>th<\/sup> TASS \u2013 Squawk-Flash.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_News_Agency_%22TASS%22\" >Russian News Agency \u201cTASS\u201d &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/ITAR-TASS\" >ITAR \u2013 TASS \u2013 Russian news agency \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a> captures <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Damascus\" >Damascus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capture_of_Damascus_%281920%29\" >Capture of Damascus (1920) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/uca.edu\/politicalscience\/dadm-project\/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region\/french-syria-1919-1946\/\" >\u201c<em>French troops took control of the city of Damascus on July 25, 1920. King Faisal Hussein formally relinquished the throne of Syria on July 25, 1920<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 French Syria (1919 \u2013 1946) \u2013 UCA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crwflags.com\/fotw\/flags\/sy1920k.html\" >Kingdom of Syria 1920 (8th March \u2013 24th July 1920) \u2013 CRWFlags.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.war-memorial.net\/Detail.asp?ID=42&amp;q=3\" >Franco-Syrian war (1920 &#8211; 1920) \u2013 The Polynational War Memorial<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eretzyisroel.org\/~samuel\/britainfrance.html\" >The Supreme Allied Council in Paris retorted by formally granting the Mandate over Syria and Lebanon to France. This duality could not last. In July 1920, the French ordered Faisal out of the country\u2026.\u201d \u2013 British Plans against France, and against the Jews in 1915 \u2013 EretzYisroel.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/san.beck.org\/16-5-Syria,Lebanon.html\" >Syria and Lebanon 1700 \u2013 1920 \u2013 Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan 1700 \u2013 1920, by Sanderson Beck \u2013 San.Beck.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/syria\/history-ottoman.htm\" >Syria \u2013 History \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/syria.ewas.us\/Damascus.history.pictures.htm\" >Damascus History and Pictures\u2026 &#8211; Syria.Ewas.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyfiles.co.uk\/KingListsMiddEast\/ArabicSyria.htm\" >Middle East Kingdoms \u2013 Islamic Syria \u2013 HistoryFiles.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1915\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Flying_Corps\" >RFC<\/a> Captain <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lanoe_Hawker\" >Lanoe Hawker<\/a> becomes the first British military aviator to earn the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victoria_Cross\" >Victoria Cross<\/a>, for defeating three <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luftstreitkr%C3%A4fte\" >German two-seat<\/a> observation aircraft in one day, over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Front_%28World_War_I%29\" >Western Front<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1909\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Bl%C3%A9riot\" >Louis Bl\u00e9riot<\/a> makes the first flight across the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/English_Channel\" >English Channel<\/a> in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bl%C3%A9riot_XI\" >heavier-than-air machine<\/a> from (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calais\" >Calais<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dover\" >Dover, England, United Kingdom<\/a>) in 37 minutes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1908\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ajinomoto\" >Ajinomoto<\/a> is founded. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kikunae_Ikeda\" >Kikunae Ikeda<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Tokyo\" >Tokyo Imperial University<\/a> discovers that a key ingredient in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kombu\" >kombu<\/a> soup stock is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monosodium_glutamate\" >monosodium glutamate<\/a> (MSG), and patents a process for manufacturing it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1894\u00a0 <\/strong>After over two months of sea-based bombardment, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puerto_Rican_Campaign\" >United States invasion<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puerto_Rico\" >Puerto Rico<\/a> begins with U.S. troops led by General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nelson_A._Miles\" >Nelson Miles<\/a> landing at harbor of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gu%C3%A1nica,_Puerto_Rico\" >Gu\u00e1nica, Puerto Rico<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1894\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Sino-Japanese_War\" >First Sino-Japanese War<\/a> begins when the Japanese fire upon a Chinese warship.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>JUNE 26<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shambo\" >Shambo<\/a>, a black cow in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wales\" >Wales<\/a> that had been adopted by the local <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hindu\" >Hindu<\/a> community, is slaughtered due to a bovine <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuberculosis\" >tuberculosis<\/a> infection, causing widespread controversy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mumbai\" >Mumbai<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India\" >India<\/a> receives <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maharashtra_floods_of_2005\" >99.5cm of rain<\/a> (39.17\u00a0inches) within 24 hours, resulting in floods killing over 5,000 people.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_program\" >Space Shuttle program<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/STS-114\" >STS-114<\/a> Mission \u2013 Launch of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_Discovery\" ><em>Discovery<\/em><\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\" >NASA<\/a>&#8216;s first scheduled flight mission after the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster\" ><em>Columbia<\/em> Disaster<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2003\" >2003<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990\" >Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990<\/a> is signed into law by President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_H._W._Bush\" >George Bush<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>A federal <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_jury\" >grand jury<\/a> indicts <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cornell_University\" >Cornell University<\/a> student <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Tappan_Morris\" >Robert T. Morris, Jr.<\/a> for releasing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morris_worm\" >Morris worm<\/a>, thus becoming the first person to be prosecuted under the 1986 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computer_Fraud_and_Abuse_Act\" >Computer Fraud and Abuse Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs underground nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Assembly_of_Quebec\" >National Assembly<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quebec\" >Quebec<\/a> imposes the use of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_language\" >French<\/a> as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/french.lovetoknow.com\/Official_Language_of_Quebec\" >official language<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/provincial-government\/\" >provincial government<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charter_of_the_French_Language\" >Charter of the French Language or La charte de la langue fran\u00e7aise \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Official_Language_Act_%28Quebec%29\" >Official Language Act or <em>Loi sur la langue officielle<\/em> &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/faculty.marianopolis.edu\/c.belanger\/quebechistory\/readings\/langlaws.htm\" >The Languages Laws of Quebec, by Claude B\u00e9langer \u2013 MarianoPolis.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Greece\" >Greek Prime Minister<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantinos_Karamanlis\" >Konstantinos Karamanlis<\/a> forms the country&#8217;s first civil government after <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974\" >seven years of military rule<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/frances-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >France performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/n2\/world\/mururoa-atoll-could-collapse-report-kept-secret-for-2-years-277717.html\" >Muruora Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolette_Milnes-Walker\" >Nicolette Milnes-Walker<\/a> completes sailing non-stop single-handedly across the Atlantic, becoming the first woman to successfully do so.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_program\" >Apollo program<\/a>: launch of <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_15\" >Apollo 15<\/a><\/em> on the first Apollo &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Apollo_mission_types\" >J-Mission<\/a>&#8220;, and first use of a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle\" >Lunar Roving Vehicle<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnamese<\/a> opposition leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Truong_Dinh_Dzu\" >Truong Dinh Dzu<\/a> is sentenced to five years <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penal_labour#Prison_labour\" >hard labor<\/a> for advocating the formation of a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coalition_government\" >coalition government<\/a> as a way to move toward an end to the war.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong>Full independence is granted to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maldives\" >Maldives<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Maldives\" >History of Maldives \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/maldives.html\" >Maldives \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development\" >Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development<\/a> votes to admit <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earthquake\" >earthquake<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skopje\" >Skopje<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yugoslavia\" >Yugoslavia<\/a> (now in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Macedonia\" >Macedonia<\/a>) leaves 1,100 dead.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syncom#Syncom_2\" >Syncom 2<\/a>, the world&#8217;s first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geosynchronous_satellite\" >geosynchronous satellite<\/a>, is launched from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/grail\/launch\/index.html\" >Cape Canaveral on a Delta B booster<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Explorer_program\" >Explorer program<\/a>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Explorer_4\" >Explorer 4<\/a><\/em> is launched.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong>USSR launches 1st <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile\" >intercontinental multistage ballistic missile<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomcentral.com\/icbm-missiles.aspx\" >Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles \u2013 ICBM \u2013 AtomCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.space.com\/19601-how-intercontinental-ballistic-missiles-work-infographic.html\" >How Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles Work \u2013 Space.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carlos_Castillo_Armas\" >Carlos Castillo Armas<\/a>, dictator of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guatemala\" >Guatemala<\/a>, is assassinated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1956\u00a0 <\/strong>Following the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Bank\" >World Bank<\/a>&#8216;s refusal to fund building the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aswan_Dam\" >Aswan Dam<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egyptian<\/a> leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser\" >Gamal Abdel Nasser<\/a> nationalizes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Canal\" >Suez Canal<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Crisis\" >sparking international condemnation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong>Soldiers from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2nd_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment\" >2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment<\/a> repel a number of Chinese assaults against a key position known as The Hook during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_Samichon_River\" >Battle of the Samichon River<\/a>, just hours <em>before<\/em> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Armistice_Agreement\" >Armistice Agreement<\/a> is signed on 27 July 1953, ending the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\" >Korean War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arizona\" >Arizona<\/a> Governor <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Howard_Pyle\" >John Howard Pyle<\/a> orders an anti-<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polygamy\" >polygamy<\/a> law enforcement crackdown on residents of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colorado_City,_Arizona\" >Short Creek, Arizona<\/a>, which becomes known as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Short_Creek_raid\" >Short Creek raid<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fidel_Castro\" >Fidel Castro<\/a> leads an unsuccessful attack on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moncada_Barracks\" >Moncada Barracks<\/a>, thus beginning the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuban_Revolution\" >Cuban Revolution<\/a>. The movement took the name of the date: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/26th_of_July_Movement\" >26th of July Movement<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_S._Truman\" >Harry S Truman<\/a> signs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Executive_Order_9981\" >Executive Order 9981<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.org\/whistlestop\/study_collections\/desegregation\/large\/index.php?action=chronology\" >desegregating<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Armed_Forces\" >military of the United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cold_War\" >Cold War<\/a>: US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_S._Truman\" >Harry S. Truman<\/a> signs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Security_Act_of_1947\" >National Security Act of 1947<\/a> into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Law_of_the_United_States\" >United States law<\/a> creating the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\" >Central Intelligence Agency<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Defense\" >United States Department of Defense<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Air_Force\" >United States Air Force<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff\" >Joint Chiefs of Staff<\/a>, and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_National_Security_Council\" >United States National Security Council<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aloha_Airlines\" >Aloha Airlines<\/a> begins service from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honolulu_International_Airport\" >Honolulu International Airport<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Navy\" >US Navy<\/a> cruiser <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Indianapolis_%28CA-35%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Indianapolis<\/em><\/a> arrives at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tinian\" >Tinian<\/a> with parts of the warhead for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hiroshima\" >Hiroshima<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki\" >atomic bomb<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potsdam_Declaration\" >Potsdam Declaration<\/a> is signed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potsdam\" >Potsdam<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >Germany<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usarmy.vo.llnwd.net\/e2\/rv5_downloads\/postwarjapan\/Potsdam%20Declaration.pdf\" >Text of the Potsdam Declaration (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potsdam_Conference\" >Potsdam Conference \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/potsdam-conference\" >POTSDAM CONFERENCE \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.org\/teacher\/potsdam.htm\" >Harry Truman and the Potsdam Conference \u2013 TrumanLibrary.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Potsdam-Conference\" >Potsdam Conference \u2013 World War II \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Potsdam-Declaration\" >Potsdam Declaration \u2013 World War II \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/afe.easia.columbia.edu\/ps\/japan\/potsdam.pdf\" >The Potsdam Declaration (July 26, 1945) \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/features\/primary-resources\/truman-potsdam\/\" >Berlin Potsdam Conference 1945 \u2013 American Experience<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pwencycl.kgbudge.com\/P\/o\/Potsdam_Declaration.htm\" >Potsdam Declaration \u2013 The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.quora.com\/Why-did-Japan-reject-the-Potsdam-Declaration\" >Why did Japan reject the Potsdam Declaration? \u2013 Quora.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lotsofessays.com\/viewpaper\/1689685.html\" >Impact of the Potsdam Declaration on Japan \u2013 LotsOfEssays.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/Japan%27s_Surrender_Communiqu%C3%A9s\" >Japan\u2019s Surrender Communiqu\u00e9s \u2013 Wikisource.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/hyperwar\/PTO\/Dip\/Crane.html\" >\u201c<em>We have ordered Our Government to communicate to the Governments of the United States, Great Britain, China and the Soviet Union that Our Empire accepts the provision of their Joint Declaration<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 The Imperial Rescript 15Aug45 (Japan Surrenders) \u2013 Ibiblio.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Labour_Party_%28UK%29\" >Labour Party<\/a> wins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom_general_election,_1945\" >United Kingdom general election of July 5<\/a> by a landslide, removing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winston_Churchill\" >Winston Churchill<\/a> from power.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Army\" >Soviet Army<\/a> enters <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lviv\" >Lviv<\/a>, a major city in western <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine\" >Ukraine<\/a>, capturing it from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazism\" >Nazis<\/a>. Only 300 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jews\" >Jews<\/a> survive out of 160,000 living in Lviv prior to occupation.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/vjw\/Lvov.html\" >Lvov (= Lviv) &#8211; Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lviv_pogroms\" >Lviv pogroms \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/lviv.moonfruit.com\/#\/jewish-lviv\/4562567563\" >Jewish Lviv \u2013 Moonfruit.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: in response to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japanese<\/a> occupation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Indochina\" >French Indochina<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >US President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a> orders the seizure of all Japanese assets in the United States.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1937\u00a0 <\/strong>End of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Brunete\" >Battle of Brunete<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.donquijote.org\/culture\/spain\/history\/the-spanish-civil-war\" >Spanish Civil War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axis_powers\" >Axis powers<\/a> decide to intervene in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_Civil_War\" >Spanish Civil War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbia\" >Serbia<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgaria\" >Bulgaria<\/a> interrupt diplomatic relationship.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia\" >Foreign relation of Serbia &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Bulgaria\" >Foreign relations of Bulgaria &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbian_Campaign_of_World_War_I\" >Serbian Campaign of World War I \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbian_Campaign_of_World_War_I\" >Bulgaria during World War I \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sablon.sdu.edu.tr\/dergi\/sosbilder\/dosyalar\/27\/OS_10.pdf\" >World War I in the Balkans, 1914 \u2013 1918 \u2013 Third Balkan War?, by Piotr Mikiety\u0144ski<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1908\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Attorney_General\" >United States Attorney General<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Joseph_Bonaparte\" >Charles Joseph Bonaparte<\/a> issues an order to immediately staff the Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation\" >Federal Bureau of Investigation<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1897\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-Afghan_War\" >Anglo-Afghan War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pashtun_people\" >Pashtun<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fakir\" >fakir<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saidullah\" >Saidullah<\/a> leads an army of more than 10,000 to begin a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Malakand\" >siege of the British garrison<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malakand_Agency\" >Malakand Agency<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa\" >North West Frontier Province<\/a> of India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1891\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a> annexes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tahiti\" >Tahiti<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1890\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires\" >Buenos Aires, Argentina<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revolution_of_the_Park\" >Revoluci\u00f3n del Parque<\/a> takes place, forcing President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Ju%C3%A1rez_Celman\" >Miguel \u00c1ngel Ju\u00e1rez Celman<\/a>&#8216;s resignation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1887\u00a0 <\/strong>Publication of the <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unua_Libro\" >Unua Libro<\/a><\/em>, founding the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Esperanto#Goals_of_the_movement\" >Esperanto movement<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1882\u00a0 <\/strong>The Republic of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stellaland\" >Stellaland<\/a> is founded in Southern Africa.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.zum.de\/whkmla\/region\/southafrica\/stellaland.html\" >Boer Republic proclaimed as the Republic of Stellaland \u2013 ZUM.de<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1847\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberia\" >Liberia<\/a> declares its independence.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Liberia\" >History of Liberia &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1822\u00a0 <\/strong>First day of the three-day <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Dervenakia\" >Battle of Dervenakia<\/a>, between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a> force led by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahmud_Dramali_Pasha\" >Mahmud Dramali Pasha<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_War_of_Independence\" >Greek Revolutionary<\/a> force led by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theodoros_Kolokotronis\" >Theodoros Kolokotronis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1822\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn\" >Jos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn<\/a> arrives in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guayaquil\" >Guayaquil<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecuador\" >Ecuador<\/a>, to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guayaquil_conference\" >meet<\/a> with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar\" >Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0______________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war-zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.\u00a0 His interest and\/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project\/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental\/ecological issues, visual\/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment<\/em><\/a><em>, he is currently compiling <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/category\/history\/\" >This Week in History<\/a> <em>on <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/\" >TMS<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>(<em>Sources and references:<\/em><\/strong><em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/July_20\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/July_20<\/a> to 26; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/events\/july\/20\" >http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/events\/july\/20<\/a> to 26; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/july_20.html\" >http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/july_20.html<\/a> to 26.html; and other pertinent web sites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<\/em><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and\/or documents.<\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about \u201cpeace\u201d, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external\/outer peace and internal\/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and\/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address \u201cpeace\u201d through peace journalism.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>July 20-26 &#8211; QUOTE OF THE WEEK: \u201cProgress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything.\u201d \u2013 George Bernard Shaw<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60799"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60799\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60799"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}