{"id":61343,"date":"2015-08-03T12:00:08","date_gmt":"2015-08-03T11:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=61343"},"modified":"2015-07-22T11:55:59","modified_gmt":"2015-07-22T10:55:59","slug":"this-week-in-history-35","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/08\/this-week-in-history-35\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>August 3\u20139<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>QUOTE OF THE WEEK:<\/strong><br \/>\n<em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/positiveoutlooksblog.com\/2014\/06\/02\/dont-stay-stuck\/\" >\u201cIt\u2019s never too late to start over. If you weren\u2019t happy with yesterday, try something different today. Don\u2019t stay stuck. Do better.\u201d<\/a> <\/em>&#8211; Alex Elle<\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant\" >Islamic State<\/a> [aka <em>ISIS<\/em> or <em>ISIL<\/em>]* captures the Iraqi town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinjar\" >Sinjar<\/a>, home to the country&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yazidis\" >Yazidi religious minority population<\/a>; residents fled in advance of the extremists, who have demanded that non-Muslim residents convert to Islam or face death.<\/p>\n<p><em>*For some relevant information on ISIL or ISIS, visit the date of <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/06\/this-week-in-history-30\/\" >June 29, 2014 of This Week in History<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Sinjar Massacre and Relevant Issues:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinjar_massacre\" >\u201c<em>The Sinjar massacre was the killing of 2,000\u20135,000 Yazidi men in Sinjar (Kurdish: <\/em>\u0634\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0644<em>\u200e \u015eingal) city and Sinjar District in the Nineveh Governorate by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in August 2014. This massacring started with ISIL\u2019s attacking and capturing Sinjar and neighboring towns on 3 August, during ISIL&#8217;s offensive in early August 2014<\/em>.\u201d &#8211; Sinjar massacre \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persecution_of_Yazidis_by_ISIL\" >Persecution of Yezidis by ISIL &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/original.antiwar.com\/updates\/2014\/08\/04\/fears-of-yazidi-genocide-grow-as-over-450-killed-across-iraq\/\" >Fears of Yazidi Genocide Grow As over 450 Killed Across Iraq \u2013 Antiwar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=14936&amp;LangID=E\" >Iraq: \u201cImmediate action needed to protect human rights of Yazidis in grave danger\u201d \u2013 UN experts \u2013 UN Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/preventgenocide\/adviser\/pdf\/2014-08-12.Statement%20of%20the%20Special%20Advisers%20on%20Iraq.pdf\" >Statement by Adama Dieg, Special Adviser of the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide, and Jennifer Welsh, Special Adviser of the Secretary-General on the Responsibility to Protect, on the situation in Iraq \u2013 United Nations Press Release<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/swilliamsjd.wordpress.com\/tag\/massacre\/\" >Yezidi Villagers Massacred by ISIS \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.christiantoday.com\/article\/yazdis.on.mount.sinjar.could.escalate.to.genocide.within.days.or.hours\/39581.htm\" >Yezidis on Mount Sinjar: could escalate to genocide within days or hours \u2013 ChristianToday.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.frontpagemag.com\/point\/237974\/non-muslim-minority-facing-isis-genocide-iraq-beg-daniel-greenfield\" >Non-Muslim Minority Facing ISIS Genocide in Iraq Beg Obama for Water \u2013 FrontPageMag.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.uniraq.org\/images\/SGReports\/S2014774%20ENGLISH.pdf\" >\u201c<em>Between 2 and 7 August, ISIL launched a new wave of attacks against Kurdish-controlled areas that resulted in the takeover of a number of towns and villages in the districts of Hamdaniya, Mosul, Sinjar, Shekhan, Tal Afar and Tal Kaif in Ninewa governorate, as well as \u2026As a result, approximately 200,000 people were displaced,<\/em> &#8230; [para 19]\u201d &#8211; First report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to paragraph 6 of resolution 2169 (2014) \u2013 UN Security Council &#8211; S\/2014\/774<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Yezidism:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kurdistanmemory.com\/site\/english\/yezidis.html\" >Yezidism \u2013 Kurdistan Memory<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.meta-religion.com\/World_Religions\/Other_religions\/yezidism2.htm#.VZQA8kaufX4\" >Yezidi religion \u2013 Meta-Religion.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yeziditruth.org\/\" >The Truth about the Yezidis \u2013 YezidiTruth.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cais-soas.com\/CAIS\/Religions\/iranian\/yezidism.htm\" >Iranian Religions \u2013 Yezidism \u2013 Zoroastrian Religion in Disguise \u2013 CAIS-SOAS.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sacred-texts.com\/asia\/sby\/index.htm\" >Devil Warship \u2013 The Sacred Books and Traditions of the Yezidis, by Isya Joseph \u2013 Sacred-Texts.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/orvillejenkins.com\/peoples\/yazidi.html\" >The Yezidis \u2013 An Angelic Sect, by Orville Boyd Jenkins<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yezidisinternational.org\/\" >Yezidis International Website<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.religioustolerance.org\/yazidi.htm\" >The Yezidi branch of Yazd\u2019nism \u2013 Religious Tolerance<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010_Karachi_riots\" >Widespread rioting<\/a> erupts in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karachi\" >Karachi<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a>, after the assassination of a local politician, leaving at least 85 dead and at least 17 billion <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistani_rupee\" >Pakistani rupees<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_dollar\" >US$<\/a>200 million) in damage.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>Former Deputy Director of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Direcci%C3%B3n_de_Inteligencia_Nacional\" >Chilean secret police<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ra%C3%BAl_Iturriaga\" >Ra\u00fal Iturriaga<\/a> is captured after having been on the run following a conviction for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kidnapping\" >kidnapping<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad\" >Mahmoud Ahmadinejad<\/a> becomes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Iran\" >President of Iran<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Mauritania\" >President of Mauritania<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maaouya_Ould_Sid%27Ahmed_Taya\" >Maaouya Ould Sid&#8217;Ahmed Taya<\/a> is overthrown in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >military coup<\/a> while attending the funeral of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia\" >King Fahd<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saudi_Arabia\" >Saudi Arabia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>The pedestal of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statue_of_Liberty\" >Statue of Liberty<\/a> reopens after being closed since the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_11_attacks\" >September 11 attacks<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oued_El-Had_and_Mezouara_massacre\" >Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algeria\" >Algeria<\/a>; a total of 116 villagers killed, 40 in Oued El-Had and 76 in Mezouara.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Senegal\" >Senegalese<\/a> opposition parties, under the leadership of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mamadou_Dia\" >Mamadou Dia<\/a>, launch the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antiimperialist_Action_Front_%E2%80%93_Suxxali_Reew_Mi\" >Antiimperialist Action Front \u2013 Suxxali Reew Mi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Senegal\" >Senegalese<\/a> opposition parties, under the leadership of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mamadou_Dia\" >Mamadou Dia<\/a>, launch the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antiimperialist_Action_Front_%E2%80%93_Suxxali_Reew_Mi\" >Antiimperialist Action Front \u2013 Suxxali Reew Mi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tandy_Corporation\" >Tandy Corporation<\/a> announces the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TRS-80\" >TRS-80<\/a>, one of the world&#8217;s first mass-produced <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Personal_computer\" >personal computers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>The United States Senate begins its hearing on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_MKUltra\" >Project MKUltra<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate\" >United States Senate<\/a> ratifies the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty\" >Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Democratic_Party_%28Canada%29\" >New Democratic Party of Canada<\/a> is founded by the merger of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cooperative_Commonwealth_Federation\" >Cooperative Commonwealth Federation<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_Labour_Congress\" >Canadian Labour Congress<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Niger\" >Niger<\/a> gains independence <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France%E2%80%93Niger_relations\" >from France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Niger\" >History of Niger \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/niger.html\" >Niger \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad04\" >History of Niger \u2013 WorldHistory.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/niger\/p\/NigerHist1.htm\" >A Brief History of Niger \u2013 Part 1 &#8211; About Education<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.our-africa.org\/niger\/history-politics\" >Niger \u2013 History and Politics \u2013 Our Africa<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong>Portugal&#8217;s state police force <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PIDE\" >PIDE<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pidjiguiti_Massacre\" >fires upon striking workers<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bissau\" >Bissau<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_Guinea\" >Portuguese Guinea<\/a>, killing over 50 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_submarine\" >nuclear submarine<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Nautilus_%28SSN-571%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Nautilus<\/em><\/a> travels beneath the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arctic_Ocean\" >Arctic<\/a> ice cap.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nautilus-travels-under-north-pole\" >Nautilus travels under North Pole \u2013 This Day in History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.navy.mil\/navydata\/cno\/n87\/usw\/usw_summer_09\/nautilus.html\" >The First ICEX \u2013 Navy.mil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.athropolis.com\/arctic-facts\/fact-nautilus.htm\" >USS Nautilus Sneaks Under North Pole \u2013 Athropolis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ourcivilisation.com\/smartboard\/shop\/subs\/chap26.htm\" >\u201c<em>After sixty-two hours under the ice, the Nautilus passed precisely through the Pole at 7:15 P.M. Seattle time on August 3, 1958, to the cheers of all hands. At the Pole the temperature of the seawater was 32.4\u00b0 F. and the depth of the sea was 13,410 feet<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 26 Under The Arctic Ice, by Arthrur [<em>sic<\/em>] Widder \u2013 OurCivilisation.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.americanveteranscenter.org\/avc-media\/magazine\/avq\/avq-issue-iv\/the-ice-diaries-the-untold-story-of-the-uss-nautilus-and-the-cold-wars-most-daring-mission\/\" >\u201c<em>Friday, August 1, 1958: We continued to feel our way back southeast toward Point Barrow, the northernmost part of Alaska, still skirting the boundary of the ice pack<\/em>\u2026.\u201d By Captain William R. Anderson \u2013 American Veterans Center<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whittaker_Chambers\" >Whittaker Chambers<\/a> accuses <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alger_Hiss\" >Alger Hiss<\/a> of being a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communism\" >communist<\/a> and a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Espionage\" >spy<\/a> for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.baylor.edu\/holocaust\/gypsies-in-auschwitz-birkenau\/\" >Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp gases 4,000 gypsies.<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/remember.org\/witness\/wit-vic-gyp1\" >Gypsies in Auschwitz \u2013 Remember.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/gypsies.html\" >Roma in Auschwitz \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scrapbookpages.com\/AuschwitzScrapbook\/History\/Articles\/Birkenau01B2.html\" >Auschwitz II \u2013 Birkenau \u2013 ScrapbookPages.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/gascamp.html\" >Casing Victims in the Holocaust \u2013 Background &amp; Overview \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishgen.org\/ForgottenCamps\/Camps\/AuschwitzEng.html\" >Auschwitz-Birkenau \u2013 \u201cThe Death Factory\u201d \u2013 JewishGen.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auschwitz_concentration_camp\" >Auschwitz concentration camp &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Italy\" >Italian<\/a> forces begin the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_conquest_of_British_Somaliland\" >invasion of British Somaliland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong>A fire wipes out <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kursha-2\" >Kursha-2<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meshchera_Lowlands\" >Meshchera Lowlands<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ryazan_Oblast\" >Ryazan Oblast<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic\" >Russia<\/a>, killing 1,200 and leaving only 20 survivors.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1929\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jiddu_Krishnamurti\" >Jiddu Krishnamurti<\/a>, tagged as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messianism\" >messianic<\/a> &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maitreya_%28Theosophy%29\" >World Teacher<\/a>&#8220;, shocks the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theosophy\" >Theosophy<\/a> movement by dissolving the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Order_of_the_Star_in_the_East\" >Order of the Star<\/a>, the organisation built to support him.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jiddu-krishnamurti.net\/\" >Jiddu Krishnamurti 1895 \u2013 1986 \u2013 Jiddu-Krishnamurti.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/j-krishnamurti.org\/\" > Krishnamurti and the Rajghat Education Centre Varanasi, India<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kfa.org\/\" >KFA \u2013 Krishnamurti Foundation of America<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.katinkahesselink.net\/kr\/\" >Jiddu Krishnamurti \u2013 Quotations, personal remembrances, and historical documents \u2013 KatinkaHesseLink.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/author\/quotes\/850512.Jiddu_Krishnamurti\" >Jiddu Krishnamurti Quotes \u2013 GoodReads.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: Germany declares war against France.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong>A major labor dispute, known as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wheatland_Hop_Riot\" >Wheatland Hop Riot<\/a>, starts in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wheatland,_California\" >Wheatland, California<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1903\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internal_Macedonian_Revolutionary_Organization\" >Macedonian rebels<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kru%C5%A1evo\" >Kru\u0161evo<\/a> proclaim the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kru%C5%A1evo_Republic\" >Kru\u0161evo Republic<\/a>, which exists only for 10 days before <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Turks<\/a> lay waste to the town.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1860\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand_Wars\" >Second Maori War<\/a> begins in New Zealand.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1811\u00a0 <\/strong>First ascent of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jungfrau\" >Jungfrau<\/a>, third highest summit in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bernese_Alps\" >Bernese Alps<\/a> by brothers Johann Rudolf and Hieronymus Meyer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1795\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Greenville\" >Treaty of Greenville<\/a> is signed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1645\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thirty_Years%27_War\" >Thirty Years&#8217; War<\/a>: the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_N%C3%B6rdlingen_%281645%29\" >Second Battle of N\u00f6rdlingen<\/a> sees French forces defeating those of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_Roman_Empire\" >Holy Roman Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1601\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_War_%28Ottoman_wars%29\" >Long War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Habsburg_Monarchy\" >Austria<\/a> captures <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transylvania\" >Transylvania<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Goroszl%C3%B3\" >Battle of Goroszl\u00f3<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a02006\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_Trincomalee_massacre_of_NGO_workers\" >massacre<\/a> is carried out by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lankan<\/a> government forces, killing 17 employees of the French <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_nongovernmental_organization\" >INGO<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Action_Against_Hunger\" >Action Against Hunger<\/a> (known internationally as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.actioncontrelafaim.org\/\" >Action Contre la Faim<\/a>, or ACF).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_Trincomalee_massacre_of_NGO_workers\" >2006 Trincomalee massacre of NGO workers &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tamilnation.co\/indictment\/continuingwar\/060804aid_workers.htm\" >Massacre of Aid Workers by Sri Lanka Army &#8211; President Mahinda Rajapakse stands charged with international War Crime, 4 August 2006 \u2013 Tamil Nation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War\" >Sri Lankan Civil War &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.colombotelegraph.com\/index.php\/rajapaksa-govt-is-good-at-throwing-bones-to-the-international-community-human-rights-watch\/\" >Rajapaksa Govt Is Good At Throwing Bones To The International Community \u2013 Human Rights Watch \u2013 ColomboTelegraph.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soham_murders\" >Soham murders<\/a>: Ten-year-old school girls Jessica Chapman and Holly Wells go missing from the town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soham\" >Soham<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambridgeshire\" >Cambridgeshire<\/a>, United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Storm\" >Operation Storm<\/a> [= <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/hr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operacija_Oluja\" >Operacija Oluja<\/a>] begins in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croatia\" >Croatia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Operation Storm (Oljuja):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dbpedia.org\/page\/Operation_Storm\" >About Operation Storm \u2013 DBPedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/inavukic.com\/2012\/08\/04\/croatias-d-day-operation-storm-1995\/\" >Croatia\u2019s D-Day: Operation Storm 1995 \u2013 InaVukic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/balkansnet.org\/knin.html\" >Croatian Offensive on Knin, Operation \u201cOluja\u201d \u2013 BalkansNet.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.emperors-clothes.com\/articles\/elich\/krajina.html\" >\u201c<em>In early August 1995, the Croatian invasion of Serbian Krajina precipitated the worst refugee crisis of the Yugoslav civil war<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 The Invasion of Serbian Krajina, by Greg Elich<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=B3qkWsujn5Y\" >YouTube video (13 min. 43 sec.): Knin in operation \u201cOluja\u201d 4 august 1995<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/eng\/resources\/documents\/article\/other\/57jqta.htm\" >The shelling of Knin by the Croatian Army in August 1995: A police operation or a non-international armed conflict? &#8211; ICRC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8VscnuPuMMI\" >YouTube video (4 min. 06 sec.): Knin 4 august 1995 operation \u201cOluja\u201d (\u201cStorm\u201d)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mediander.com\/connects\/333302\/operation-storm\/#!\/\" >Operation Storm \u2013 Mediander.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em>\u2018<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1995\/eirv22n34-19950825\/eirv22n34-19950825_050-operation_oluja_foils_londons_ba.pdf\" >Operation Oluja\u2019 foils London\u2019s Balkan Policy, by Dean Andromidas and Michael Liebig \u2013 EIR International<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dalje.com\/en-croatia\/cia-forecast-operation-storm-shortly-before-it-was-launched\/484683\" >CIA forecast Operation Storm shortly before it was launched \u2013 Dalje.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Protection_Force#Operation_Storm_and_Dayton_Agreement\" >Operation Storm and the Dayton Agreement \u2013 United Nations Protection Force &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/war\/croatia-2.htm\" >Serbo-Croatian War \/ Homeland War \u2013 Operation Storm \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.icty.org\/case\/gotovina\/4\" >Gotovina et al. (IT-06-90) \u201c<em>Operation Storm<\/em>\u201d \u2013 ICTY.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.balcanicaucaso.org\/eng\/Regions-and-countries\/Croatia\/Oluja-crimes-a-test-for-Croatian-justice-127325\" >Oluja crimes, a test of Croatian justice, by Drago Hedl<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7IJaj3E2zLo\" >YouTube video (3 min. 36 sec.): War in Krajina 1991 &#8211; 1995<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xFfDlPpLuLI\" >YouTube video (2 min. 04 sec.): Genocide committed by Croats in Republic of Serbian Krajina<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/commission\/country52\/36-yug.htm\" >\u201c<em>Operation \u2018Storm\u2019 was launched on 4 August 1995. The offensive lasted for four days, and according to reports human rights abuses and violations of fundamental freedoms of civilians were committed by the Croatian Army. It was also reported that Serb men were separated from the elderly, women and children and taken away by Croatian officials for interrogation; the whereabouts of many of them remain unknown. It was further reported that soldiers systematically looted and burned houses in localities they captured<\/em>\u2026.\u201d [para. 40] &#8211; QUESTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF ALL PERSONS SUBJECTED TO ANY FORM OF DETENTION OR IMPRISONMENT QUESTION OF ENFORCED OR INVOLUNTARY DISAPPEARANCES &#8211; Special process on missing persons in the territory of the former Yugoslavia \u2013 UN Commission on Hunan Rights \u2013 E\/CN.4\/1996\/36 \u2013 March 1996<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/1996\/Croatia.htm\" >\u201c<em>One year ago, on August 4, 1995, the Croatian Army launched \u2018Operation Storm,\u2019 an offensive to retake the Krajina region, which had been controlled by separatist ethnic Serbs since early 1991<\/em>\u2026\u201d &#8211; IMPUNITY FOR ABUSES COMMITTED DURING &#8220;OPERATION STORM&#8221; AND THE DENIAL OF THE RIGHT OF REFUGEES TO RETURN TO THE KRAJINA \u2013 August 1996 &#8211; Human Rights Watch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.emperors-clothes.com\/articles\/elich\/krajina.html\" >The Invasion of Serbian Krajina, by Greg Elich \u2013 Emperors-Clothes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theremustbejustice.wordpress.com\/2013\/08\/04\/the-last-genocide-of-krajina-serbs-operation-storm-joint-croatian-and-usa-criminal-enterprise\/\" >The last genocide of Krajina Serbs: Operation STORM, joint Croatian and USA criminal enterprise ,by Grey Carter \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/greatersurbiton.wordpress.com\/2008\/03\/14\/how-croatia-and-the-us-prevented-genocide-with-operation-storm\/\" >How Croatia and the US prevented genocide with \u2018Operation Storm\u2019 \u2013 Greater Surbiton \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hic.hr\/books\/croatia-between\/part-06.htm\" >Croatia between Aggression and Peace \u2013 Hrvatski informativni centar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/self.gutenberg.org\/articles\/Republic_of_Serbian_Krajina_Army\" >REPUBLIC OF SERBIAN KRAJINA ARMY \u2013 Self.Gutenberg.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.serbsforserbs.org\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=96:zmiric-krajina&amp;catid=1:latest-news&amp;Itemid=50\" >We helped the family Zmiric from Krajina \u2013 Serbs for Serbs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IwhuMX9_xbc\" >YouTube video (10 min. 23 sec.): US And German Influence\/ Croatian Genocide Of Krajina Serbs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.freerepublic.com\/focus\/f-news\/2758773\/posts\" >Croatia celebrates, Serbs mourn on anniversary of operation \u201cStorm\u201d \u2013 August 4, 2011 \u2013 FreeRepublic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Krajina, Republic of Serbian Krajina, Croatian Serbs\/Krajina Serbs:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Serbian_Krajina\" >Republic of Serbian Krajina \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wn.com\/republic_of_serbian_krajina\" >Republic of Serbian Krajina \u2013 WN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Krajina\" >Krajina &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbs_of_Croatia\" >Serbs of Croatia &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timok_Valley\" >Timo\u010dka Krajina &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.srpska-mreza.com\/library\/facts\/krajina.html\" >Krajina Serbs \u2013 Srpska-Mreza.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.srpska-mreza.com\/History\/pre-wwOne\/Krajina-Serbs.html\" >\u201cCroatian\u201d Serbs (Krajina Serbs) \u2013 Srpska-Mreza.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/voiceofserbia.org\/content\/chicago-based-court-accepted-krajina-serbs%E2%80%99-lawsuit-against-mpri\" >A Chicago-based court accepted Krajina Serbs\u2019 lawsuit against MPRI \u2013 VoiceOfSerbia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oocities.org\/srpskocarstvo\/KrajinaSerbs\/krajinaserbs.htm\" >Krajina Serbs \u2013 OOCities.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/inavukic.com\/2012\/05\/01\/krajina-serbs-want-to-collect-payment-for-time-spent-devastating-croatia\/\" >Krajina Serbs: want to collect payment for time spent devastating Croatia \u2013 InaVukic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/easternapproaches\/2012\/11\/croatian-serbian-relations\" >Croatian \u2013 Serbian relations: Old wounds, new grievances \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/4international.me\/2008\/03\/21\/tudjman-the-croatian-ustashe-nazi-genocide-of-krajina-serbs-part-2\/\" >Tudjman &amp; the Croatian Ustashe Nazi Genocide of Krajina Serbs: Part 2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Krajina_express#Operational_history\" >Krajina Express \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.krajinaforce.com\/forum\/index.php?\/topic\/473-croatian-serbs-read-as-krajina-krayina-serbs\/\" >\u201cCroatian\u201d Serbs read as Krajina (Krayina) Serbs \u2013 KrajinaForce.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Operation Storm: To Regain the Croatian ethnic Serb Controlled Territories of the Krajina Region in Croatia, Or To Implement the Ethnic Cleansing of the Croatian ethnic Serbs in the Krajina Region, Or Both? :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/de-construct.net\/e-zine\/?p=4869\" >\u201cIn the exclusive interview, Franjo Tu\u0111man\u2019s Internal Affairs Minister Josip Boljkovac admitted Croat leadership carried out planned attacks on Croatia Serbs in 1991, in order to start a war. \u2018Tu\u0111man wanted the war at any cost, following the concept according to which Serbs must disappear from Croatia,\u2019 Boljkovac said.\u201d &#8211; Tudjman\u2019s Police Minister Admits Croatia Started the War by Attacking Serbs [in Croatia] \u2013 De-construct.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/1991-07-21\/news\/mn-422_1_croatian-police\" >\u201c<em>Authorities in Zagreb replaced Glina&#8217;s Serbian police chief after Croatia declared its independence on June 25 [1991]. Since then, there has been no peace in this town of 8,000, which is 90% Serbian\u2026<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Los Angeles Times, July 21, 1991<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/voiceofserbia.org\/content\/obradovic-croatian-operation-%E2%80%9Cstorm%E2%80%9D-krajina-was-genocide\" >Obradovic: Croatian operation \u201cStorm\u201d in Krajina was genocide \u2013 VoiceOfSerbia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/balkanblog.org\/2007\/09\/13\/in-memory-of-the-operation-storm-victims-2-canadian-officers-croat-atrocities-covered-up\/\" >Operation Storm \u2013 Oluja 1995: Canadian Officers: Croat Atrocities Covered Up \u2013 August 6, 2007 \u2013 In Memory of Operation Storm Victims 2 \u2013 Balkanblog.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croatian_War_of_Independence\" >\u201c<em>Operation<\/em><em> Storm<\/em><em> achieved its goals and was declared completed on 8 August. &#8230; the operation<\/em><em> led to the ethnic<\/em><em> cleansing<\/em><em> of up to 200,000 Croatian<\/em><em> Serbs,<\/em> &#8230;\u201d \u2013 Croatian War of Independence &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/zcomm.org\/znetarticle\/ethnic-cleansing-constructive-benign-and-nefarious-kafka-era-studies-no-1-by-edward-herman\/\" >\u201c<em>Another form of US support was an intense and indignant focus on the Srebrenica massacre, which took place during the month before Operation Storm&#8230;.. The Croats made no such provision and hundreds of women, children and old people were slaughtered in Krajina. The ruthlessness of the Croats was impressive: Tim Ripley notes that \u2018UN troops watched horrified as Croat soldiers dragged the bodies of dead Serbs along the road outside the UN compound and then pumped them full of rounds from the AK-47s. They then crushed the bullet-ridden bodies under the tracks of a tank<\/em>.\u2019\u201d \u2013 Ethnic Cleansing: Constructive, Benign, and Nefarious (Kafka Era Studies, No.1), by Edward Herman, August 9, 2006.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sense-agency.com\/icty\/how-many-serbs-left-krajina.29.html?cat_id=1&amp;news_id=11482\" >HOW MANY SERBS LEFT KRANJINA? \u2013 Sense-Agency.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.balkaninsight.com\/en\/article\/croatia-s-operation-storm-intended-to-destroy-serbs\" >Croatia\u2019s Operation Storm \u2018Intended Destroy Serbs\u2019, by Josip Ivanovic \u2013 BalkanInsight.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bosnia.org.uk\/news\/news_body.cfm?newsid=2225\" >\u2018We needed Operation Storm as much as Croats did\u2019 \u2013 News &amp; Analysis \u2013 Bosnian Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dalje.com\/en-croatia\/cia-forecast-operation-storm-shortly-before-it-was-launched\/484683\" >CIA forecast Operation Storm shortly before it was launched \u2013 Dalje.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.danielpearl.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/042299_Separate_Peace.pdf\" >\u201c<em>Serbs are \u2018free to come,\u2019 says Croatia&#8217;s assistant foreign minister, Josip Paro. But while proclaiming that policy, Croatia encouraged ethnic Croatians to occupy Serb homes and stalled thousands of Serbs trying to get Croatian citizenship or reclaim their property. Now, it is helping Serbs unload their homes at a steep discount, and is building houses for ethnic Croat refugees in formerly Serb villages. \u2018It&#8217;s a slow, bureaucratic ethnic cleansing,\u2019 charges Ivan Zvonimir Cicak, a Croatian opposition figure and human rights activist<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Separate Peace: Why Ethnic Cleansing Once Underway, Is So Difficult to Reverse, by Daniel Pearl \u2013 KNIN, Croatia \u2013 Updated April 22, 1999 12:53 a.m. EST<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Third Parties\u2019 Involvement in the Operation Storm:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mprofaca.cro.net\/operation_storm.html\" >\u201c<em>The United States not only monitored the complete Operation Storm, but they also actively participated with the Croatian Military in its preparation, and in the end directly initiated the operation<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 US role in the Operation Storm in Croatia \u2013 Profaca Mario\u2019s Cyberspace Station<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/zcomm.org\/znetarticle\/ethnic-cleansing-constructive-benign-and-nefarious-kafka-era-studies-no-1-by-edward-herman\/\" >\u201c<em>To further weaken the bargaining position of the Serbs, the Clinton administration actively supported the Croatian army\u2019s attacks on the Serb communities in Croatia in Operation Flash in May 1995 and then in the massive ethnic cleansing of Krajina Serbs in Operation Storm in August 1995. Richard Holbrooke visited Zagreb two days before the beginning of Operation Storm, and clearly did not exercise any restraining influence on the imminent cleansing operation. Active U.S. support came in the form of military aid<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Ethnic Cleansing: Constructive, Benign, Nefarious (Kafka Era Studies, No.1), by Edward Herman, August 9, 2006.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ebritic.com\/?p=449416\" >\u201c<em>We reprint this illuminating revelation published in the Telegraph letters page on 6th February\u00a0where a European monitor discloses he was ordered to cover-up reports of German tanks arming the Croatian army prior to Operation Storm. (Please ignore the counter intuitive photo which precedes the piece in the Telegraph.)<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Outsiders\u2019 part in ethnic cleansing in Croatia \u2013 EBritic.com<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/comment\/letters\/11393697\/Letters-Scottish-devolution-is-driving-England-to-want-its-own-parliament.html\" >the <em>Telegraph<\/em> letters on 6<sup>th<\/sup> February 2015<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/serbiasos.blogspot.com\/2012\/08\/yugosalvia-war-croatian-invasion-of.html\" >\u201c<em>The previous month, Secretary of State Warren Christopher and German Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel met with Croatian diplomat Miomir Zuzul in London. During this meeting, Christopher gave his approval for Croatian military action against Serbs in Bosnia and Krajina. Two days later, the U.S. ambassador to Croatia, Peter Galbraith, also approved Croatia&#8217;s invasion plan<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Serbia SOS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theremustbejustice.wordpress.com\/2013\/08\/04\/the-last-genocide-of-krajina-serbs-operation-storm-joint-croatian-and-usa-criminal-enterprise\/\" >The last genocide of Krajina Serbs: Operation STORM, joint Croatian and USA criminal enterprise, by Grey Carter \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/trinicenter.com\/cgi-bin\/selfnews\/viewnews.cgi?newsid1059926910,54217,.shtml\" >Was the US behind the ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia? , by Stephen Gowans \u2013 Trinicenter.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liveleak.com\/view?i=d40_1323523748\" >\u201c<em>As Croatian troops launched their assault on August 4, U.S. NATO aircraft destroyed Serbian radar and anti-aircraft defenses. American EA-6B electronic warfare aircraft patrolled the air in support of the invasion. Krajina foreign affairs advisor Slobodan Jarcevic stated that NATO &#8220;completely led and coordinated the entire Croat offensive by first destroying radar and anti-aircraft batteries<\/em>\u2026.\u201d &#8211; The Invasion of Serbian Krajina by Gregory Elich in &#8220;NATO in the Balkans&#8221;, 1998 \u2013 Operation Storm \u2013 LiveLeak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Mandate and Functions of UNCRO (United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/missions\/past\/uncro.htm\" >\u201c<em>The new mandate included: (a) performing the functions envisaged in the cease-fire agreement of 29 March 1994; (b) facilitating implementation of the economic agreement of 2 December 1994; (c) facilitating implementation of all relevant Security Council resolutions; (d) assisting in controlling, by monitoring and reporting, the crossing of military personnel, equipment, supplies and weapons<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Croatia \u2013 United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation \u2013 UNCRO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Protection_Force#Croatia\" >Croatia \u2013 United Nations Protection Force \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Protection_Force#Operation_Storm_and_Dayton_Agreement\" >Operation Storm \u2013 United Nations Protection Force \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>The Case on the Operation Storm at the ICTY (International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.icty.org\/x\/cases\/gotovina\/cis\/en\/cis_gotovina_al_en.pdf\" >Case Information Sheet: Operation Storm (IT-06-90) Gotovina &amp; Marka\u010d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.icty.org\/x\/cases\/gotovina\/tjug\/en\/110415_judgement_vol1.pdf\" >Prosecutor vs. Ante Gotovina, Ivan \u010cermak, and Mladen Marka\u010d \u2013 JUDGEMENT \u2013 IT-06-90-T, 15 April 2011 &#8211; ICTY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>International Court of Justice \u2013 Case of the Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide (Croatia vs. Serbia):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/docket\/files\/118\/18448.pdf\" >Press Release No. 2015\/4 &#8211; 3 February 2015 \u2013 The court rejects Croatia\u2019s claim and Serbia\u2019s counter-claim \u2013 International Court of Justice<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/docket\/files\/118\/18422.pdf\" >Judgement: Case of the Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide (Croatia vs. Serbia) &#8211; 3 February 2015 \u2013 International Court of Justice<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Communications_Commission\" >Federal Communications Commission<\/a> rescinds the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fairness_Doctrine\" >Fairness Doctrine<\/a> which had required <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radio\" >radio<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Television\" >television<\/a> stations to present controversial issues &#8220;fairly&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Upper_Volta\" >Republic of Upper Volta<\/a> changes its name to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burkina_Faso\" >Burkina Faso<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/appraisals\/semipalatinsk.asp\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >US President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Carter\" >Jimmy Carter<\/a> signs legislation creating the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Energy\" >United States Department of Energy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: At the apartment of French intermediary <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Sainteny\" >Jean Sainteny<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris\" >Paris<\/a>, American representative <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Kissinger\" >Henry Kissinger<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Vietnam\" >North Vietnamese<\/a> representative <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xuan_Thuy\" >Xuan Thuy<\/a> begin secret peace negotiations. The negotiations will eventually fail.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site.<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >THE UNITED STATES\u2019 NUCLEAR TESTING PROGRAMME &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/analysis\/articles\/costs-us-nuclear-weapons\/\" >The Costs of US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/weapons\" >The US Nuclear Weapons Test Cost Study Project \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >THE SOVIET UNION\u2019S NUCLEAR TESTING PROGRAMME &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Politics_of_the_Cook_Islands#Constitution\" >Constitution of Cook Islands<\/a> comes into force, giving the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cook_Islands\" >Cook Islands<\/a> self-governing status within <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand\" >New Zealand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_of_Tonkin_incident\" >Gulf of Tonkin incident<\/a>: U.S. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Destroyer\" >destroyers<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Maddox_%28DD-731%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Maddox<\/em><\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Turner_Joy_%28DD-951%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Turner Joy<\/em><\/a> report coming under attack in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_of_Tonkin\" >Gulf of Tonkin<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_%281955%E2%80%931968%29\" >American civil rights movement<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civil_and_political_rights\" >Civil rights<\/a> workers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Schwerner\" >Michael Schwerner<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrew_Goodman\" >Andrew Goodman<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Chaney\" >James Chaney<\/a> are found dead in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mississippi\" >Mississippi<\/a> after disappearing on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/June_21\" >June 21<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_Japan\" >Supreme Court of Japan<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1946_Dominican_Republic_earthquake\" >earthquake of magnitude 8.0<\/a> hits northern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominican_Republic\" >Dominican Republic<\/a>. One hundred are killed and 20,000 are left homeless. An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1946_Dominican_Republic_earthquake\" >earthquake of magnitude 8.0<\/a> hits northern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominican_Republic\" >Dominican Republic<\/a>. One hundred are killed and 20,000 are left homeless.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Holocaust\" >The Holocaust<\/a>: A tip from a Dutch informer leads the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gestapo\" >Gestapo<\/a> to a sealed-off area in an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amsterdam\" >Amsterdam<\/a> warehouse, where they find and arrest <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jews\" >Jewish<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diary\" >diarist<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anne_Frank\" >Anne Frank<\/a>, her family, and four others.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Greece\" >Prime Minister of Greece<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ioannis_Metaxas\" >Ioannis Metaxas<\/a> suspends <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hellenic_Parliament\" >parliament<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Greece\" >Constitution<\/a> and establishes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/4th_of_August_Regime\" >4th of August Regime<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1924\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diplomacy#Diplomatic_relations\" >Diplomatic relations<\/a> between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexico\" >Mexico<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> are established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1915\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/12th_Army_%28German_Empire%29\" >German 12th Army<\/a> occupies <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw\" >Warsaw<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w_Offensive\" >Gorlice\u2013Tarn\u00f3w Offensive<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Retreat_%28Russian%29\" >Great Retreat of 1915<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >Germany<\/a> invades <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgium\" >Belgium<\/a>. In response, Belgium and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >United Kingdom<\/a> declare war on Germany. The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> declares its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neutrality_%28international_relations%29\" >neutrality<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1889\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Great_Fire_%28Spokane%29\" >The Great Fire<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spokane,_Washington\" >Spokane, Washington<\/a> destroys some 32 blocks of the city, prompting a mass rebuilding project.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1873\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Indian_Wars\" >American Indian Wars<\/a>: While protecting a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rail_transport\" >railroad<\/a> survey party in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montana\" >Montana<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7th_Cavalry_Regiment_%28United_States%29\" >United States 7th Cavalry<\/a>, under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lieutenant_colonel_%28United_States%29\" >Lieutenant Colonel<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Armstrong_Custer\" >George Armstrong Custer<\/a> clashes for the first time with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheyenne_people\" >Cheyenne<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lakota_people\" >Lakota people<\/a> near the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tongue_River_%28Montana%29\" >Tongue River<\/a>; only one man on each side is killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1854\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_Japan\" >Hinomaru<\/a> is established as the official flag to be flown from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japanese<\/a> ships.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rising_Sun_Flag\" >Rising Sun Flag \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/worldviews\/wp\/2015\/06\/27\/japan-has-a-flag-problem-too\/?wprss=rss_world\" >Japan has a flag problem, too \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1824\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Kos\" >The Battle of Kos<\/a> is fought between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Turkish<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greece\" >Greek<\/a> forces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1821\u00a0 <\/strong>Atkinson &amp; Alexander publish <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Saturday_Evening_Post\" >The Saturday Evening Post<\/a><\/em> for the first time as a weekly <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newspaper\" >newspaper<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1796\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Revolutionary_Wars\" >French Revolutionary Wars<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon\" >Napoleon<\/a> leads the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Army_of_Italy_%28France%29\" >French Army of Italy<\/a> to victory in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Lonato\" >Battle of Lonato<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1791\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Sistova\" >Treaty of Sistova<\/a> is signed, ending the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars\" >Ottoman\u2013Habsburg wars<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a02010\u00a0 <\/strong>Ten members of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Assistance_Mission\" >International Assistance Mission<\/a> Nuristan Eye Camp team <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010_Badakhshan_massacre\" >are killed<\/a> by persons unknown in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuran_wa_Munjan_District\" >Kuran wa Munjan District<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Badakhshan_Province\" >Badakhshan Province<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yugoslav_Wars\" >Yugoslav Wars<\/a>: The city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knin\" >Knin<\/a>, Croatia, a significant <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbs\" >Serb<\/a> stronghold, is captured by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croatia\" >Croatian<\/a> forces during <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Storm\" >Operation Storm<\/a>. The date is celebrated in Croatia as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victory_Day_%28Croatia%29\" >Victory Day<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Also see \u201c<em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Storm\" >Operation Storm<\/a> [= <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/hr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operacija_Oluja\" >Operacija Oluja<\/a>] begins in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croatia\" >Croatia<\/a>\u201d in the entry of the date of <\/em><strong>August 4, 1995.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knin\" >Knin \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/WORLD\/Bosnia\/updates\/august95\/8-05\/index.html\" >Croatians Capture Knin \u2013 August 5, 1995, CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/1995-08-13\/opinion\/op-34622_1_united-states\" >THE BALKANS: The Croatian Offensive: Too Much of a Good Thing? \u2013 August 13, 1995 &#8211; The Los Angeles Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/publication\/347-eye-the-storm-the-icty-commemorations-and-contested-histories-croatias-homeland-war\" >Eye of the Storm: The ICTY, Commemorations and Contested Histories of Croatia\u2019s Homeland War, by Vjeran I. Pavlakovic \u2013 WilsonCenter.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/iwpr.net\/global-voices\/court-hears-ethnic-change-knin\" >Court Hears Ethnic Change in Knin \u2013 IWPR.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.balkaninsight.com\/en\/article\/storm-survivors-await-justice-in-croatia\" >\u2018Storm\u2019 Survivors Await Justice in Croatia \u2013 BalkanSight.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/online.wsj.com\/public\/resources\/documents\/pearl042299.htm\" >Few Serbs Chased From Croatia In 1995 Have Made It Back Home \u2013 April 22, 1999 \u2013 The Wall Street Journal Online<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.balkanpeace.org\/index.php?index=\/content\/balkans\/croatia\/cro03.incl\" >Two Canadian officers have testified that Croatia knowingly bombed Serb civilians in 1995, by Steven Edwards \u2013 BalkanPeace.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dalje.com\/en-croatia\/general-leslie-lied-in-court-no-serbs-in-knin\/143024\" >General Leslie Lied in Court \u2018No Serbs In Knin\u2019 \u2013 Dalje.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sense-agency.com\/icty\/general-leslie-under-fire-from-general-gotovina%E2%80%99s-defense.29.html?cat_id=1&amp;news_id=10872\" >GENERAL LESLIE UNDER FIRE FROM GENERAL GOTOVINA\u2019S DEFENSE \u2013 Sense-Agency.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Croatia-Year-In-Review-1995\" >Croatia in 1995 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.antiwar.com\/orig\/dakovic3.html\" >How \u2018Operation Storm\u2019 Destabilized the Balkans, by Mirko Dakovic and Boro Miseljic \u2013 Antiwar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.culturalsurvival.org\/ourpublications\/csq\/article\/serbian-and-croatian-nationalism-and-wars-in-yugoslavia\" >Serbian and Croatian Nationalism and the War In Yugoslavia \u2013 CulturalSurvival.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/4747379.stm\" >Evicted Serbs remember Storm \u2013 Friday, 5 August 2005 \u2013 BBC News<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>General elections are held in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicaragua\" >Nicaragua<\/a> with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front\" >Sandinista National Liberation Front<\/a> winning a majority.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong>President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Reagan\" >Ronald Reagan<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Professional_Air_Traffic_Controllers_Organization_%281968%29\" >fires<\/a> 11,359 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strike_action\" >striking<\/a> air-traffic controllers who ignored his order for them to return to work.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan_Liberation_Organization\" >Maoists<\/a> undertake an attempted military uprising.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congress\" >U.S. Congress<\/a> places a $1 billion limit on military aid to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Islands_Forum\" >Pacific Islands Forum<\/a> (then known as the &#8220;South Pacific Forum&#8221;) is held in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wellington\" >Wellington<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand\" >New Zealand<\/a>, with the aim of enhancing cooperation between the independent countries of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Ocean\" >Pacific Ocean<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mariner_program\" >Mariner program<\/a>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mariner_6_and_7\" >Mariner 7<\/a><\/em> makes its closest fly-by of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars\" >Mars<\/a> (3,524 kilometers).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gizmodo.com\/inside-the-former-soviet-unions-secret-nuclear-test-cit-1633578671\" >Eastern Kazakh<\/a>\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/military.wikia.com\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965\" >Indo-Pakistani War of 1965<\/a> begins as Pakistani soldiers cross the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Line_of_Control\" >Line of Control<\/a> dressed as locals.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Pierce_Arrow\" >Operation Pierce Arrow<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >American<\/a> aircraft from carriers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Ticonderoga_%28CV-14%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Ticonderoga<\/em><\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Constellation_%28CV-64%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Constellation<\/em><\/a> bomb <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Vietnam\" >North Vietnam<\/a> in retaliation for strikes against U.S. destroyers in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_of_Tonkin\" >Gulf of Tonkin<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >United Kingdom<\/a>, and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> sign a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Partial_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty\" >nuclear test ban treaty<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/cold-war\/nuclear-test-ban-treaty\" >Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of August 5, 1963 \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ourdocuments.gov\/doc.php?flash=true&amp;doc=95\" >Test Ban Treaty (1963) \u2013 OurDocuments.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/isn\/4797.htm\" >Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water (including the narrative and the text of the Treaty) of August 5, 1963 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/WMD\/Nuclear\/pdf\/Partial_Ban_Treaty.pdf\" >Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and under Water (text in PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty\" >Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty 1963 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/treaties-and-regimes\/treaty-banning-nuclear-test-atmosphere-outer-space-and-under-water-partial-test-ban-treaty-ptbt\/\" >Treaty Banning Nuclear Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water (Partial Test Ban Treaty) (PTBT) \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid\" >Apartheid<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Africa\" >South Africa<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nelson_Mandela\" >Nelson Mandela<\/a> is jailed. He would not be released until <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1990\" >1990<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burkina_Faso\" >Burkina Faso<\/a>, then known as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Upper_Volta\" >Upper Volta<\/a>, becomes independent from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Hoover\" >Herbert Hoover<\/a> eclipses <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Adams\" >John Adams<\/a> as having the longest retirement of any former U.S President until that time. Hoover would live another six years, his record 31 years 7 months 16 days retirement has since been eclipsed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Carter\" >Jimmy Carter<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecuador\" >Ecuador<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1949_Ambato_earthquake\" >an earthquake<\/a> destroys 50 towns and kills more than 6,000.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazis<\/a> begin a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wola_massacre\" >week-long massacre<\/a> of anywhere between 40,000 and 100,000 civilians and prisoners of war in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wola\" >Wola<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poland\" >Poland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poland\" >Polish<\/a> insurgents liberate a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >German<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Labor_camp\" >labor camp<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw\" >Warsaw<\/a>, freeing 348 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jews\" >Jewish<\/a> prisoners.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historynet.com\/world-war-ii\" >World War II<\/a>: Possibly the biggest prison breakout in history occurs as 545 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_people\" >Japanese<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prisoner_of_war\" >POWs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cowra_breakout\" >attempt to escape<\/a> outside the town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cowra\" >Cowra<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_South_Wales\" >New South Wales<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" >Australia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/worldwar-2.net\/\" >World War II<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Smolensk_%281941%29\" >Battle of Smolensk<\/a> concludes with Germany capturing about 300,000 Soviet <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Army\" >Red Army<\/a> prisoners.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> formally <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940#1940-1941:_The_first_Soviet_occupation\" >annexes<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvia\" >Latvia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1925\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plaid_Cymru\" >Plaid Cymru<\/a> is formed with the aim of disseminating knowledge of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Welsh_language\" >Welsh language<\/a> that is at the time in danger of dying out.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Romani\" >Battle of Romani<\/a>: Allied forces, under the command of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archibald_Murray\" >Archibald Murray<\/a>, defeat an attacking <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman army<\/a> under the command of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friedrich_Freiherr_Kress_von_Kressenstein\" >Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein<\/a>, securing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Canal\" >Suez Canal<\/a> and beginning the Ottoman retreat from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinai_Peninsula\" >Sinai Peninsula<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1914#Events\" >1914<\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The guns of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fort_Nepean\" >Point Nepean fort<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Port_Phillip\" >Port Phillip<\/a> Heads in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victoria_%28Australia%29\" >Victoria (Australia)<\/a> fire across the bows of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norddeutscher_Lloyd\" >Norddeutscher Lloyd<\/a> steamer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SS_Pfalz_%281913%29\" >SS\u00a0<em>Pfalz<\/em><\/a> which is attempting to leave the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Port_of_Melbourne\" >Port of Melbourne<\/a> in ignorance of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_war\" >declaration of war<\/a> and she is detained; this is said to be <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2014-08-04\/ww1-first-shot-documents-reveal-missing-cigar-mystery\/5645954\" >the first Allied shot of the War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minelayer\" >minelayer<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SS_K%C3%B6nigin_Luise_%281913%29\" >SS\u00a0<em>K\u00f6nigin Luise<\/em><\/a> lays a minefield about 40 miles (64\u00a0km) off the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thames_Estuary\" >Thames Estuary<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lowestoft\" >Lowestoft<\/a>). She is intercepted and sunk by the British light-cruiser <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Amphion_%281911%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Amphion<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution\" >Persian Constitutional Revolution<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozaffar_ad-Din_Shah_Qajar\" >Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar<\/a>, King of Iran, agrees to convert the government to a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitutional_monarchy\" >constitutional monarchy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a02014\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory\/khmer-rouge-leaders-appeal-convictions-32175094\" >Two former Khmer Rouge leaders<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khieu_Samphan\" >Khieu Samphan<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuon_Chea\" >Nuon Chea<\/a>, have been convicted of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_crime\" >war crimes<\/a> during the period of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodian_genocide\" >Cambodian genocide<\/a> in the 1970s; a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khmer_Rouge_Tribunal\" >UN-supported war crimes tribunal<\/a> sentenced the two men to life in prison; both men are in their 80s.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eccc.gov.kh\/\" >Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cambodiatribunal.org\/\" >Cambodia Tribunal Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/international-justice\/international-criminal-tribunals-and-special-courts\/special-tribunal-for-cambodia.html\" >Special Tribunal for Cambodia \u2013 GlobalPolicy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cambodiatribunal.org\/2015\/02\/25\/speech-by-un-special-expert-david-scheffer-what-has-been-extraordinary-about-international-justice-in-cambodia\/\" >David Scheffer: What Has Been \u2018Extraordinary\u2019 About International Justice in Cambodia?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eccc.gov.kh\/en\/indicted-person\/khieu-samphan\" >KHIEU SAMPHAN \u2013 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/people\/k\/khieu_samphan\/index.html\" >Khieu Samphan \u2013 News archives \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eccc.gov.kh\/en\/indicted-person\/nuon-chea\" >NUON CHEA \u2013 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/people\/n\/nuon_chea\/index.html\" >Nuon Chea \u2013 News archives \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/international-justice\/international-criminal-tribunals-and-special-courts\/special-tribunal-for-cambodia\/28134.html\" >Archives Cambodia \u2013 GlobalPolicy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>A march in protest of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Mark_Duggan\" >death of Mark Duggan<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tottenham\" >Tottenham<\/a>, London, ends in a riot, sparking off a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2011_England_Riots\" >wave of rioting<\/a> throughout the country over the following four nights.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_dictatorship\" >military junta<\/a> led by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz\" >Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz<\/a> stages a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2008_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mauritania\" >Mauritania<\/a>, overthrowing president <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sidi_Ould_Cheikh_Abdallahi\" >Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\" >NASA<\/a> announces that the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allan_Hills_84001\" >ALH 84001<\/a> meteorite, thought to originate from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars\" >Mars<\/a>, contains evidence of primitive life-forms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Takako_Doi\" >Takako Doi<\/a>, chair of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29\" >Social Democratic Party<\/a>, becomes Japan&#8217;s first female speaker of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_of_Representatives_%28Japan%29\" >House of Representatives<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tim_Berners-Lee\" >Tim Berners-Lee<\/a> releases files describing his idea for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Wide_Web\" >World Wide Web<\/a>. WWW debuts as a publicly available service on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet\" >Internet<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_War\" >Gulf War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council\" >United Nations Security Council<\/a> orders a global <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embargo\" >trade embargo<\/a> against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a> in response to Iraq&#8217;s invasion of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuwait\" >Kuwait<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tompkins_Square_Park_Riot_%281988%29\" >Tompkins Square Park Riot<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City\" >New York City<\/a> spurs a reform of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City_Police_Department\" >NYPD<\/a>, held responsible for the event.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto\" >Zulfikar Ali Bhutto<\/a> lays the foundation stone of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Port_Qasim\" >Port Qasim<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karachi\" >Karachi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/frances-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >France<\/a> performs nuclear test at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moruroa\" >Mururoa Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mururoa\" >Mururoa \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/france\/mururoa.htm\" >Mururoa \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/n2\/world\/mururoa-atoll-could-collapse-report-kept-secret-for-2-years-277717.html\" >\u201c<em>I think it would be a really big problem to the environment if this nuclear radioactivity is to be diluted in the ocean and from there we have no control<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 French Nuclear Test Site Mururoa Atoll in Danger of Collapse, by Raiatea Tahana-Reese \u2013 TheEpochTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stuff.co.nz\/world\/south-pacific\/8872214\/Mururoa-fallout-worse-than-first-thought\" >Mururoa fall out worse than first thought, by Michael Field \u2013 Stuff.co.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nzherald.co.nz\/nz\/news\/article.cfm?c_id=1&amp;objectid=10899948\" >Mururoa our dark legacy, by Wayne Thompson \u2013 NZHerald.co.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MOpwFPslXqI&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (15 min. 47 sec.): Les Essais nucl\u00e9aires fran\u00e7ais 2\/3 Moruroa et Fangataufa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yIg4cufJqdI&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (4 min. 56 sec.)\u00a0: Mururoa (v.3.1)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >US President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lyndon_B._Johnson\" >Lyndon B. Johnson<\/a> signs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voting_Rights_Act\" >Voting Rights Act<\/a> of 1965 into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Law_of_the_United_States\" >law<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prometheus_%28tree%29\" >Prometheus<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bristlecone_pine\" >bristlecone pine<\/a> and the world&#8217;s oldest <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tree\" >tree<\/a>, is cut down.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jamaica\" >Jamaica<\/a> becomes independent from the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuban_Revolution\" >Cuban Revolution<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" >Cuba<\/a> nationalizes American and foreign-owned property in the nation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong>US performs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/history-of-nuclear-testing\/types-of-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >atmospheric nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johnston_Atoll\" >Johnston Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/johnston_atoll.htm\" >Johnston Atoll \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >UNITED STATES\u2019 NUCLEAR TESTING PROGRAMME &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>US officially submits to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jurisdiction_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice\" >jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Court_of_Justice\" >International Court of Justice \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/courts-and-tribunals\/united-states-icj\/p26905\" >The United States and the ICJ \u2013 CFR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/jurisdiction\/index.php?p1=5&amp;p2=1&amp;p3=3\" >Declarations Recognizing the Jurisdiction of the Court as Compulsory &#8211; ICJ<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/library.law.columbia.edu\/guides\/International_Court_of_Justice\" >International Court of Justice Research Guide, by Dana Neac\u015fu \u2013 Columbia University Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>United States\u2019 Withdrawal from the International Court of Justice:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1985\/01\/19\/world\/text-of-us-statement-on-withdrawal-from-case-before-the-world-court.html\" >TEXT OF US STATEMENT ON WITHDRAWAL FROM CASE BEFORE THE WORLD COURT \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/scholarship.law.duke.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1057&amp;context=djcil\" >THE UNITED STATES\u2019 WITHDRAWAL FROM INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE JURISDICTION IN CONSULAR CASES: REASONS AND CONSEQUENCES, by John Quigley<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2005\/03\/10\/politics\/us-says-it-has-withdrawn-from-world-judicial-body.html\" >US Says It Has Withdrawn From World Judicial Body \u2013 Adam Liptak, March 10, 2005 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/lawofnations.blogspot.com\/2005\/03\/us-withdraws-from-icj-jurisdiction.html\" >US Withdraws From ICJ Jurisdiction Over Consular Relations Claims \u2013 Opinio Juris<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.discourse.net\/2005\/03\/the_politics_of_the_withdrawal_from_the_optional_protocol_to_the_consular_convention\/\" >The Politics of the Withdrawal from the Optional Protocol to the Consular Convention, by Michael Froomkin \u2013 Discourse.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ebooks.narotama.ac.id\/files\/The%20International%20Court%20of%20Justice%20and%20Self-Defence%20in%20International%20Law\/Chapter%205%20The%20ICJ;%20Roles%20and%20Restrictions.pdf\" >The ICJ: Roles and Restrictions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>American Exceptionalism:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_exceptionalism\" >American exceptionalism &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digitalcommons.law.yale.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2737&amp;context=fss_papers\" >On American Exceptionalism, by Harold Hongju Koh \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.allabouthistory.org\/american-exceptionalism.htm\" >American Exceptionalism \u2013 AllAboutHistory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ontheissues.org\/VoteMatch\/q19_2014.asp\" >Support American Exceptionalism &#8211; VoteWatch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/alfred-w-mccoy\/the-real-american-exceptionalism_b_6743974.html\" >Real American Exceptionalism \u2013 Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/blake-kernen\/american-exceptionalism-a_2_b_6811166.html\" >American Exceptionalism \u2013 A Growing Contribution \u2013Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.salon.com\/2011\/03\/29\/exceptionalism_4\/\" >Obama and American Exceptionalism \u2013 Salon.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/politicsofjustice.wordpress.com\/2012\/02\/26\/the-international-criminal-court-and-american-exceptionalism\/\" >The International Court and American Exceptionalism \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/login?auth=0&amp;type=summary&amp;url=\/journals\/mediterranean_quarterly\/v011\/11.1shepard.html\" >Restraining Gulliver: American Exceptionalism and the International Criminal Court, by William S. Shepard \u2013 JHU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/scholarship.law.nd.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1785&amp;context=law_faculty_scholarship\" >American Exceptionalism and the International Law of Self-Defense, by Mary Ellen O\u2019Connel \u2013 Notre Dam Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/875929\/American_Exceptionalism_Some_Thoughts_on_Sanchez-Llamas_v._Oregon\" >American Exceptionalism: Some Thoughts on Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon \u2013 Academia.edu<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/228148638_American_Exceptionalism_Some_Thoughts_on_Sanchez-Llamas_v._Oregon\" >the same article on ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/scholarship.law.gwu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1902&amp;context=faculty_publications\" >The United States and the International Court of Justice: Coping with Antinomies, by Sean D. Murphy \u2013 WU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Limits-International-Law-Jack-Goldsmith\/dp\/0195314174\/ref=tmm_pap_title_0?_encoding=UTF8&amp;sr=1-1&amp;qid=1436194232\" >Book: <em>The Limits of International Law, by Jack L. Goldsmith and <\/em> Eric A. Posner<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Myth of American Exceptionalism:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/08\/the-myth-of-american-exceptionalism\/\" >The Myth of American Exceptionalism, by Stephen M. Walt \u2013 TMS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/09\/an-exception-to-american-exceptionalism-part-i\/\" >An Exception to American Exceptionalism Part I, by Valery Fadeev &#8211; TMS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2013\/09\/15\/1239066\/-The-Myth-of-American-Exceptionalism\" >\u201c<em>I&#8217;ve never understood the concept of &#8220;American Exceptionalism.&#8221; What is it, exactly, that we are an exception to? It seems to mean, basically, that whatever rules apply to all other countries should not apply to us<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The Myth of American Exceptionalism \u2013 DailyKos.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/04\/26\/books\/review\/Cohen-t.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0\" >America Unmasked \u2013 Sunday Book Review \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Assault-International-Jens-David-Ohlin\/dp\/0199987408\/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1436194515&amp;sr=1-1&amp;keywords=assault+on+international+law\" >Book: <em>The Assault on International Law<\/em>, by Jens David Ohlin<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hiroshima\" >Hiroshima<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki\" >devastated<\/a> when the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapon\" >atomic bomb<\/a> &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Little_Boy\" >Little Boy<\/a>&#8221; is dropped by the United States <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress\" >B-29<\/a> <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enola_Gay\" >Enola Gay<\/a><\/em>. Around 70,000 people are killed instantly, and some tens of thousands die in subsequent years from burns and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acute_radiation_syndrome\" >radiation poisoning<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/atomic-bomb-dropped-on-hiroshima\" >Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima \u2013 This Day in History \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.org\/teacher\/abomb.htm\" >Atomic Bomb-Truman Press Release-August 6, 1945 \u2013 TrumanLibrary.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.angelfire.com\/planet\/nuclearflower\/nuclearbomb.htm\" >NUCLEAR BOMBING AT HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI \u2013 AngelFire.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globalecology.stanford.edu\/SCOPE\/SCOPE_28_1\/SCOPE_28-1_1.1_Chapter1_1-23.pdf\" >Effects of Nuclear Detonations \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/TheEffectsOfTheAtomicBombOnHiroshima\" >The effects of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, Japan (the secret US Strategic Bombing Survey report 92, Pacific Theatre), by Nigel B Cook<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eyewitnesstohistory.com\/hiroshima.htm\" >The Bombing of Hiroshima, 1945 \u2013 EyewitnessToHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki\" >Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pacificwar.org.au\/AtomBomb_Japan.html\" >WAS THE ATOMIC BOMBING OF JAPAN IN 1945 JUSTIFIABLE? \u2013 PacificWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/08\/hiroshima-the-myth-of-military-necessity\/\" >Hiroshima: The Myth of \u201cMilitary Necessity\u201d, by Ronald Takaki &#8211; TMS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/04\/a-tale-of-two-atomic-cities-hiroshima-and-nagasaki\/\" >A Tale of Two Atomic Cities: Hiroshima and Nagasaki, by Kazumi Masui and Timihisa Taune \u2013 TMS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/masspeaceaction.org\/tag\/hiroshima\" >Remembering Hiroshima and Nagasaki \u2013 Building a Nuclear Free World \u2013 Massachusetts Peace Action<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Hiroshima Travel Guide:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.visithiroshima.net\/\" >Visit Hiroshima \u2013 VisitHiroshima.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wikitravel.org\/en\/Hiroshima\" >Hiroshima \u2013 The Free Travel Guide \u2013 WikiTravel.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.virtualtourist.com\/travel\/Asia\/Japan\/Hiroshima_ken\/Hiroshima-976509\/TravelGuide-Hiroshima.html\" >Hiroshima Travel Guide \u2013 VirtualTourist.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.travelchannel.com\/the-traveling-type\/2014\/08\/29\/hiroshima-today-travel-channel-on-location\/\" >On Location: Hiroshima Today \u2013 TravelChannel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.visithiroshima.net\/world_heritage\/a-bomb_dome.html\" >A-bomb Dome \u2013 VisitHiroshima.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Hiroshima Radioactive Level Today:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rerf.or.jp\/general\/qa_e\/qa12.html\" >Are Hiroshima and Nagasaki still radioactive? \u2013 Radiation Effects Research Foundation<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pcf.city.hiroshima.jp\/kids\/KPSH_E\/question_box\/question12.html\" >Is there still radiation in Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Even now, if people go to Hiroshima or Nagasaki, might they be affected by radiation? \u2013 Frequently Asked Question<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zidbits.com\/2013\/11\/is-nagasaki-and-hiroshima-still-radioactive\/\" >Are Nagasaki and Hiroshima Still Radioactive? \u2013 ZidBits.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.straightdope.com\/columns\/read\/2466\/if-nuclear-fallout-lasts-thousands-of-years-how-did-hiroshima-and-nagasaki-recover-so-quickly\" >If nuclear fallout lasts thousands of years, how did Hiroshima and Nagasaki recover so quickly? \u2013 StraightDope.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/10\/can-people-live-hiroshima-nagasaki-now-chernobyl\/\" >Why Can People Live in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Now, But Not Chernobyl? \u2013 TodayIFoundOut.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>The Environmental Effects of the Atomic Bomb:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>See the sections of <\/em><strong><em>The Atomic Bomb and its Environmental Impact<\/em><\/strong><em> and <strong>The Atomic Bomb and its Impact on the Human Health<\/strong> in the entry of Nagasaki Atomic Bombing of the date of <\/em><strong>AUGUST 9, 1945<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ncta.osu.edu\/lessons\/japan\/general\/Depue-Japan.pdf\" >The Impact of War on the Environment: Hiroshima \u2013 OSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sitemaker.umich.edu\/sec003group5\/nuclear_weapon_use\" >Environmental Impacts of Nuclear Proliferation \u2013 University of Michigan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Environmental_impact_of_war#Atomic_bombing_of_Japan\" >Atomic Bombing of Japan \u2013 Environmental impact of war \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ehow.com\/info_8203814_environmental-effects-atomic-bomb.html\" >Environmental Effects of the Atomic Bomb, by Kylie Lemon \u2013 eHow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>YouTube videos on the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb case:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FN_UJJ9ObDs\" >YouTube video (1 min. 21 sec.): President Harry Truman announces the Bombing of Hiroshima<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gwkyPvlWPM0\" >YouTube video (8 min. 32 sec.): Hiroshima Nuclear (atomic) Bomb \u2013 USA attack on Japan (1945)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jY9VwCE_Dsg\" >YouTube video (15 min. 14 sec.): 24 Hours After Hiroshima 1\/3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AjPm9Vo_pYU\" >YouTube video (15 min. 15 sec.): 24 Hours After Hiroshima 2\/3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jhigykrqMMM\" >YouTube video (15 min. 21 sec.): 24 Hours After Hiroshima 3\/3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=DO98p2w05LE\" >YouTube video (3 min. 26 sec.): The Hiroshima and Nagasaki film they didn\u2019t want us to see<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=b2rEhYS46EA\" >YouTube video (12 min. 02 sec.): This 1946 film shows how the atomic bomb destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan with actual footage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NinLCoLs26k\" >YouTube video (40 min. 36 sec.): Suppressed US Military Film on the Medical Effects on the Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Z6_eXfssseo\" >YouTube video (45 min. 20 sec.): Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb documentary [REAL TRUGH]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IOwwi97XTYA\" >YouTube video (13 min. 37 sec.): The man who dropped A-bomb visits Hiroshima after 60 years<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MDaiQ9n5wEM\" >YouTube video (11 min. 39 sec.): I\u2019d drop atomic bomb on Hiroshima again if needed \u2013 Enola Gay last living member<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=L80Xh5TH6Ls\" >YouTube video (10 min. 53 sec.): Why did the USA drop the bomb?\/Why was the Atomic Bomb dropped on Japan?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6pD2wPo0IZo\" >YouTube video (56 min. 46 sec.): Hiroshima \u2013 The Decision to Drop the Bomb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BmIBbcxseXM\" >YouTube video (5 min. 00 sec.): Was it Wrong to Drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=0ZOyd9peVeI\" >YouTube video (6 min. 19 sec.): The Justification of the Use of the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yCYg4denWbA\" >YouTube video (6 min. 45 sec.): Debunking the Myth of Why the Atomic Bombs Were Necessary \u2013 Brainwash Update<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C6dv9UUUyek\" >YouTube video (1 h. 26 min. 46 sec.): La face ch\u00e9 d\u2019Hiroshima \u2013 Film Documentaire Fran\u00e7ais Complet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZDOZX9GaeO0\" >YouTube video (5 min. 36 sec.): Bomba At\u00f4mica de Hiroshima e Nagasaki<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yD7J0hR5yYk\" >YouTube video (4 min. 36 sec.)\u00a0: Ausgel\u00f6scht \u2013 \u201cHiroshima 1945\u201c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-Nc0wCrkk00\" >YouTube video (17 min. 15 sec.): HOW IT WORKS: The Atomic Bomb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xeT934u4OtE\" >YouTube video (58 min. 35 sec.): Top Secrets about Nuclear Bomb \u2013 Full Documentary<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sXwCRVtidZ4\" >YouTube video (18 min. 22 sec.): THEROMNUCLEAR WAR: Physics of the Atomic Bomb<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nuclear Zero Lawsuits of the Republic of Marshall Islands (2014):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wand.org\/2014\/07\/15\/webinar-the-nuclear-zero-lawsuits-why-the-tiny-marshall-islands-took-on-the-nuclear-nine\/\" >Webinar: The Nuclear Zero Lawsuits: Why the tiny Marshall Islands took on the Nuclear Nine \u2013 Wang.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1WcaZPORcxA\" >YouTube video (2 min. 58 sec.): Marshall Islands &amp; Nuclear Weapons Lawsuit against U.S.!<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.truth-out.org\/opinion\/item\/28997-bush-appointed-judge-dismisses-nuclear-zero-lawsuit-marshall-islands-to-appeal?tmpl=component&amp;print=1\" >\u201c<em>Regarding the RMI&#8217;s <\/em>[Republic of Marshall Islands\u2019] <em>standing to bring the case, Judge White found that the harm of the future spread and use of nuclear weapons is too speculative &#8220;to establish injury in fact.&#8221; By implication, the court is taking the position that the RMI must wait until there is further nuclear proliferation or a nuclear war to establish a concrete injury suitable to provide standing<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Bush-Appointed Judge Dismisses Nuclear Zero Lawsuit; Marshall Islands to Appeal, by David Krieger<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kavuBvASAFs\" >YouTube video (1 min. 47 sec.): The Nuclear Zero Lawsuits: What Can You Do?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw_Uprising\" >Warsaw Uprising<\/a> occurs on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_1\" >August 1<\/a>. It is brutally suppressed and all able-bodied men in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.deathcamps.org\/occupation\/krakow%20ghetto.html\" >Krak\u00f3w<\/a> are detained afterwards to prevent a similar uprising, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Krak%C3%B3w_Uprising_%281944%29\" >Krak\u00f3w Uprising<\/a>, that was planned but never carried out.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a> was <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states\" >illegally annexed<\/a> by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1926\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gertrude_Ederle\" >Gertrude Ederle<\/a> becomes the first woman to swim across the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/English_Channel\" >English Channel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1917\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C5%9Fe%C5%9Fti\" >Battle of M\u0103r\u0103\u015fe\u015fti<\/a> between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romanian<\/a> and German armies begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1915\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Sari_Bair\" >Battle of Sari Bair<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_I\" >Allies<\/a> mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suvla\" >Suvla Bay<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbia\" >Serbia<\/a> declares war on Germany; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria\" >Austria<\/a> declares war on Russia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantic_U-boat_Campaign_%28World_War_I%29\" >First Battle of the Atlantic<\/a>: Two days after the United Kingdom had declared war on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >Germany<\/a> over the German invasion of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgium\" >Belgium<\/a>, ten German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U-boat\" >U-boats<\/a> leave their base in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heligoland\" >Heligoland<\/a> to attack <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Navy\" >Royal Navy<\/a> warships in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Sea\" >North Sea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1912\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Progressive_Party_%28United_States,_1912%29\" >Bull Moose Party<\/a> meets at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_Coliseum\" >Chicago Coliseum<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1901\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiowa_people\" >Kiowa<\/a> land in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oklahoma\" >Oklahoma<\/a> is opened for white settlement, effectively dissolving the contiguous <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_reservation\" >reservation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1890\u00a0 <\/strong>At <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auburn_Correctional_Facility\" >Auburn Prison<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York\" >New York<\/a>, murderer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Kemmler\" >William Kemmler<\/a> becomes the first person to be <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_punishment\" >executed<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electric_chair\" >electric chair<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1870\u00a0 <\/strong>Franco-Prussian War: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_W%C3%B6rth_%281870%29\" >Battle of W\u00f6rth<\/a> results in a decisive <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Prussia\" >Prussian<\/a> victory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1870\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franco-Prussian_War\" >Franco-Prussian War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Spicheren\" >Battle of Spicheren<\/a> is fought, resulting in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Prussia\" >Prussian<\/a> victory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1861\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >United Kingdom<\/a> annexes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lagos\" >Lagos<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1825\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bolivia\" >Bolivia<\/a> gains independence from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spain\" >Spain<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1824\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Junin\" >Battle of Junin<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peru\" >Peru<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0AUGUST 7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a02011\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zeenews.india.com\/news\/south-asia\/nepal-bans-smoking-at-public-places_724822.html\" >Nepal<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tobaccocontrollaws.org\/legislation\/country\/india\/summary\" >India<\/a> exercises <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/13569976\/ns\/health-addictions\/t\/report-ban-smoking-public-places\/#.Va0pk_mnDK8\" >a smoking ban in public places<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoking_in_India\" >Smoking in India \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/medind.nic.in\/ici\/t14\/i3\/icit14i3p330.htm\" >Public opinion about smoking and smoke free legislation in a district of North India &#8211; <em>Indian Journal of Cancer, Vol. 51, No. 3, July-September, 2014, pp. 330-334<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.debate.org\/opinions\/ban-on-smoking-in-public-places-are-workers-in-smoky-public-places-being-wronged?v=yes&amp;_escaped_fragment_=&amp;_escaped_fragment_=&amp;_escaped_fragment_=&amp;_escaped_fragment_=&amp;_escaped_fragment_=&amp;_escaped_fragment_=&amp;_escaped_fragment_=#!\" >Ban on smoking in public places: Are workers in smoky public places being wronged? \u2013 Dabate.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2008<\/strong>\u00a0 The start of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russo-Georgian_War\" >Russo-Georgian War<\/a> over the territory of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Ossetia\" >South Ossetia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/euromaidanpress.com\/2014\/08\/08\/how-the-russo-georgian-war-of-2008-started\/\" >How the Russo-Georgian War of 2008 Started \u2013 EuroMaidenPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia\" >International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blatantworld.com\/disputed-territory\/south-ossetia-territorial-dispute\/\" >South Ossetia \u2013 Territorial Dispute \u2013 BlatantWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blatantworld.com\/disputed-territory\/abkhazia-territorial-dispute\/\" >Abkhazia \u2013 Territorial Dispute \u2013 BlatantWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stratfor.com\/weekly\/russo_georgian_war_and_balance_power\" >The Russo-Georgian War and the Balance of Power \u2013 STRATFOR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/central\/jd\/organizations\/journals\/international\/volume28n1\/documents\/219-240.pdf\" >THE RUSSO-GEORGIAN WAR OF 2008: DEVELOPING THE LAW OF UNAUTHORIZED HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION AFTER KOSOVO, by Gregory Hafkin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onwar.com\/aced\/chrono\/c2000s\/yr00\/russogeorgianwar2008.htm\" >Russo-Georgian War 2008 \u2013 OnWar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bostonglobe\/editorial_opinion\/oped\/articles\/2008\/08\/19\/americas_role_in_the_russo_georgian_war\/\" >America\u2019s Role in the Russo-Georgian War, by H.D.S. Greenway<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/europe\/crimea-crisis-may-seem-like-georgia-russia-situation-of-2008-but-its-really-not\/2014\/03\/02\/39db1890-a242-11e3-a5fa-55f0c77bf39c_story.html\" >Comparing the Crimea Conflict with the Georgia-Russia situation of 2008 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/russialist.org\/five-years-after-the-russian-georgian-war\/\" >Five Years After the Russo-Georgian War \u2013 2013 \u2013 RussiaList.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/260403667_THE_RUSSO-GEORGIAN_WAR_OF_2008_DEVELOPING_THE_LAW_OF_UNAUTHORIZED_HUMANITARIAN_INTERVENTION_AFTER_KOSOVO\" >Articles on the Russo-Georgian War of 2008 \u2013 ResearchGate.Net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chechnya\" >Chechnya<\/a>-based <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamic_International_Brigade\" >Islamic International Brigade<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invasion_of_Dagestan_%281999%29\" >invades<\/a> the neighboring Russian <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dagestan\" >Dagestan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings\" >The United States embassy bombings<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dar_es_Salaam\" >Dar es Salaam<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tanzania\" >Tanzania<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nairobi\" >Nairobi<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenya\" >Kenya<\/a> kill approximately 212 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lynne_Cox\" >Lynne Cox<\/a> becomes first person to swim from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>, crossing from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Little_Diomede_Island\" >Little Diomede Island<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alaska\" >Alaska<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Diomede\" >Big Diomede<\/a> in the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washington_Star\" >The Washington Star<\/a><\/em> ceases all operations after 128 years of publication.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >US President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Carter\" >Jimmy Carter<\/a> declares a federal emergency at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Love_Canal\" >Love Canal<\/a> due to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toxic_waste\" >toxic waste<\/a> that had been negligently disposed of.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viking_program\" >Viking program<\/a>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viking_2\" >Viking 2<\/a><\/em> enters orbit around <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars\" >Mars<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mars.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" >Mars Exploration \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.space.com\/47-mars-the-red-planet-fourth-planet-from-the-sun.html\" >Mars Facts: Life, Water and Robot on the Red Planet \u2013 Space.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ethnic_riots\" >Race riots<\/a> occur in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lansing,_Michigan\" >Lansing, Michigan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congress\" >U.S. Congress<\/a> passes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution\" >Gulf of Tonkin Resolution<\/a> giving US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lyndon_B._Johnson\" >Lyndon B. Johnson<\/a> broad war powers to deal with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Vietnam\" >North Vietnamese<\/a> attacks on American forces.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/vietnam-war\/gulf-of-tonkin-resolution\" >GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com\/Gulf+of+Tonkin+Resolution\" >Tonkin Gulf Resolution \u2013 TheFreeDictionary.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/tonkin-g.asp\" >The Tonkin Gulf Incident 1964 \u2013 Avalon Project \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ourdocuments.gov\/doc.php?flash=true&amp;doc=98\" >Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964) \u2013 OurDocuments.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1961-1968\/gulf-of-tonkin\" >US Involvement in the Vietnam War: the Gulf of Tonkin and Escalation, 1964 \u2013 Office of the Historian<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/5988266\/the-tragic-story-of-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\" >The Tragic Story of the Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 IO9.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire\" >C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire<\/a> (aka <em>Ivory Coast<\/em>) becomes independent from France.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Cote-dIvoire\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.our-africa.org\/ivory-coast\" >Ivory Coast \u2013 Our-Africa.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Ivory_Coast\" >History of Ivory Coast \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire\" >C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire \u2013 Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Histoire_de_la_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire\" >L&#8217;histoire de la C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire &#8211; Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/ctedivoir1\/a\/def-Cote-d-Ivoire.htm\" >A Very Short History of C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/Bo-Co\/C-te-d-Ivoire.html\" >C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/cote-divoire.html\" >C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wikitravel.org\/en\/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire\" >C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire \u2013 WikiTravel.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/passports\/english\/country\/cote-divoire.html\" >C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire \u2013 US Passport and International Travel \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Explorer_program\" >Explorer program<\/a>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Explorer_6\" >Explorer 6<\/a><\/em> launches from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_Range\" >Atlantic Missile Range<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Canaveral,_Florida\" >Cape Canaveral, Florida<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the Unite States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/WMD\/Nuclear\/\" >NUCLEAR WEAPONS &#8211; UNODA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sony\" >Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering<\/a>, the precursor to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sony\" >Sony<\/a>, sells its first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transistor_radio\" >transistor radios<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thor_Heyerdahl\" >Thor Heyerdahl<\/a>&#8216;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ochroma_pyramidale\" >balsa wood<\/a> raft the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kon-Tiki\" >Kon-Tiki<\/a>, smashes into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reef\" >reef<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raroia\" >Raroia<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuamotus\" >Tuamotu Islands<\/a> after a 101-day, 7,000 kilometres (4,300\u00a0mi) journey across the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Ocean\" >Pacific Ocean<\/a> in an attempt to prove that pre-historic peoples could have traveled from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_America\" >South America<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/wood-raft-makes-4300-mile-voyage\" >Wood raft makes 4,300-mile voyage \u2013 This Day in History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kon-tiki.no\/en\/page\/kontiki\" >Kon-Tiki \u2013 Kon-Tiki Museum \u2013 Explore the World \u2013 Engage Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/thor-heyerdahls-kon-tiki-voyage\" >\u201c<em>On the voyage\u2019s 93rd day, Heyerdahl and his crew finally spotted palm trees on the horizon. The winds and currents, however, kept the vessel out at sea. More than a week later, as dawn broke on August 7, they spotted a reef on the starboard side<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Thor Heyerdahl\u2019s Kon-Tiki Voyage \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/learning\/general\/onthisday\/big\/0428.html#article\" >Kon-Tiki Trip Ends on Pacific Reef; Party Safe After 4,000-Mile Drift \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/todayinsci.com\/H\/Heyerdahl_Thor\/Editorial-NYT12Aug1947.htm\" >SIX MEN ON A REFT \u2013 The New York Times Editorial on August 11, 1947<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smithsonian-institution\/how-voyage-kon-tiki-misled-world-about-navigating-pacific-180952478\/?no-ist\" >How the Voyage of the Kon-Tiki Misled the World About Navigating the Pacific \u2013 Smithsonian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/community.plu.edu\/~ryandp\/AIP.html\" >American Indians in the Pacific: A 50 year retrospective of the Kon-Tiki Expedition, by Donald P. Ryan \u2013 PLU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.azer.com\/aiweb\/categories\/magazine\/ai144_folder\/144_articles\/144_tangaroa.html\" >Testing Heyerdahl\u2019s Theories about Kon-Tiki 60 Years Later, by Torgeir S\u00e6verud Higraff with Betty Blair \u2013 Azer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>The government of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> presented a note to its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkish counterparts<\/a> which refuted the latter&#8217;s sovereignty over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_Straits\" >Turkish Straits<\/a>, thus beginning the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_Straits_crisis\" >Turkish Straits crisis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IBM\" >IBM<\/a> dedicates the first program-controlled <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calculator\" >calculator<\/a>, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harvard_Mark_I\" >Harvard Mark I<\/a>).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/homepage.cs.uri.edu\/faculty\/wolfe\/book\/Readings\/Reading03.htm\" >History of Computers \u2013 URI.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/inventors.about.com\/library\/weekly\/aa052198.htm\" >The Harvard Mark I Computer \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.columbia.edu\/cu\/computinghistory\/ascc.html\" >The IBM\u2019s Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator &#8211; Also called the Harvard Mark I. It was built in 1940-43 and remained operational until 1959. \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ethw.org\/Harvard_Mark_I\" >Harvard Mark I \u2013 Engineering and Technology History Wiki \u2013 ETHW.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-03.ibm.com\/ibm\/history\/exhibits\/markI\/markI_intro.html\" >IBM\u2019s ASCC (aka The Harvard Mark I) \u2013 IBM.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/chsi.harvard.edu\/markone\/function.html\" >Harvard Mark I \u2013 Harvard.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/Harvard-Mark-I\" >Harvard Mark I \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/people.bu.edu\/baws\/brief%20computer%20history.html\" >A Brief Computer History \u2013 BU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.computerhope.com\/history\/\" >Computer History \u2013 ComputerHope.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/20718-computer-history.html\" >History of Computing \u2013 Timelines \u2013 LiveScience.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jeremymeyers.com\/comp\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER (B.C. \u2013 A.D. 1993), by Jeremy Meyers<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\" >World War II<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guadalcanal_Campaign\" >Battle of Guadalcanal<\/a> begins as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >United States Marines<\/a> initiate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/quikmaneuvers.com\/guadalcanal_campaign.html\" >the first American offensive of the war<\/a> with landings on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guadalcanal\" >Guadalcanal<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Tulagi_and_Gavutu%E2%80%93Tanambogo\" >Tulagi<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solomon_Islands\" >Solomon Islands<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alsace-Lorraine\" >Alsace-Lorraine<\/a> is annexed by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Third Reich<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/france\/1942-10-01\/nazis-alsace-and-lorraine\" >The Nazis in Alsace and Lorraine, by Maurice P. Zuber \u2013 Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany\" >Areas annexed by Nazi Germany \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greater_Germanic_Reich\" >Greater Germanic Reich &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/expelledgermans.org\/elsassgermans.htm\" >The Expelled Germans of Alsace-Larraine after Versailles \u2013 ExpelledGermans.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dgmweb.net\/Ancillary\/Geog\/Europe\/Alsace-Lorraine.html\" >Alsace-Lorraine \u2014 an Enclave of Ethnic Germans in France \u2013 DGMWeb.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2today.com\/new\/2013-2\/this-too-shall-come-to-pass\" >THIS TOO SMALL TO PASS &#8211; World War II Today<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.robert-weinland.org\/histo.php?lang=en\" >Alsace \u2013 Some History<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Holocaust\" >The Holocaust<\/a>: The building of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mauthausen-Gusen_concentration_camp\" >Mauthausen concentration camp<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/mauthtoc.html\" >Mauthausen-Gusen Concentration Camp \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fold3.com\/page\/286021185_mauthausen\/stories\/#30747\/\" >Mauthousen-Gusen Concentration Camp \u2013 Fold3.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_concentration_camps\" >Nazi concentration camps \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_concentration_camps\" >List of Nazi concentration camps \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.museodelladeportazione.it\/index.php?sel_lang=english\" >\u201c<em>Taking as its starting point the experiences of Tuscan factory workers arrested by Nazi-Fascists after the general strike in March 1944 and deported to the concentration camp of Mauhausen in Austria and<\/em>\u2026.\u201d &#8211; Museum of Deportation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/TRANSCRIPTS\/0307\/03\/se.04.html\" >\u201c<em>A remarkable story. A 77-year-old man is facing deportation charges, right now, because of what he did 60 years ago. He was part of the deaths head battalion serving as an armed guard at a Nazi concentration camp in Austria, Mauthausen. More than 150,000 people were murdered there during world war II<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 CNN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1933\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simele_massacre\" >Simele massacre<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Politics_of_Iraq\" >Iraqi government<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simele_massacre\" >slaughters<\/a> over 3,000 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assyrian_people\" >Assyrians<\/a> in the village of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simele\" >Simele<\/a>. The day becomes known as Assyrian Martyrs Day.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncas.rutgers.edu\/center-study-genocide-conflict-resolution-and-human-rights\/assyrian-genocide-1914-1923-and-1933-pres\" >The Assyrian Genocide, 1914 to 1923 and 1933 up to the Present \u2013 RUTGERS.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aina.org\/books\/tota.pdf\" >The Tragedy of the Assyrians, by Lt. Col. R.S. Stafford (1935)<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aina.org\/martyr.html\" >\u201c<em>The 7th of August has been designated as a Memorial Day for Assyrian Martyrs. Although this observance is of a comparatively recent date, it has gained widespread acceptance among the Assyrian people<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Genocides Against the Assyrian Nation \u2013 AINA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.syriacsnews.com\/1933-massacre-simele-today-ninveh-plain-hands-isis\/\" >1933 Massacre in Simele \u2013 Today again \u2013 Ninveh Plain in Hands of ISIS \u2013 SysrainsNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ishtartv.com\/en\/viewarticle,35339.html\" >The Massacres of August 1933 In search of a Save Haven Past and Present \u2013 International Business Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onthisdeity.com\/7th-august-1933-%E2%80%93%C2%A0the-simele-massacre\/\" >7<sup>TH<\/sup> AUGUST 1933 \u2013 THE SIMELE MASSACRE \u2013 OnThisDeity.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1930\u00a0 <\/strong>The last confirmed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lynching\" >lynching<\/a> of blacks in the Northern United States occurs in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marion,_Indiana\" >Marion, Indiana<\/a>. Two men, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Shipp_and_Abram_Smith\" >Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith<\/a>, are killed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lynching_in_the_United_States\" >Lynching in the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.umass.edu\/complit\/aclanet\/USLynch.html\" >History of Lynching in the United States \u2013 UMASS.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/us\/history-of-lynchings-in-the-south-documents-nearly-4000-names.html?_r=0\" >History of Lynchings in the South Documents Nearly 4,000 Names \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yale.edu\/ynhti\/curriculum\/units\/1979\/2\/79.02.04.x.html\" >The Negro Holocaust: Lynching and Race Riots in the United States, 1880-1950, by Robert A. Gibson \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.assumption.edu\/ahc\/raceriots\/\" >\u201c<em>Without pausing to find out whether or not the story was true, without bothering with the slight detail of investigating the character of the woman who made the outcry (as a matter of fact, she was of exceedingly doubtful reputation), a mob of 100-per-cent Americans set forth on a wild rampage that cost the lives of fifty white men; of between 150 and 200 colored men, women and children<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Race Riots \u2013 Assumption.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eji.org\/lynchinginamerica\" >Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror \u2013 Equal Justice Initiative<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-nation\/wp\/2015\/02\/10\/even-more-black-people-were-lynched-in-the-u-s-than-previously-thought-study-finds\/\" >Even more black people were lynched in the US than previously thought, study finds \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/atlantablackstar.com\/2014\/02\/14\/10-outrageous-reasons-black-people-were-lynched-in-america\/\" >10 Outrageous Reasons Black People Were Lynched in America \u2013 AtlantaBlackStar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/news_and_politics\/politics\/2015\/02\/jim_crow_south_s_lynching_of_blacks_and_christianity_the_terror_inflicted.html\" >Christian Soldiers \u2013 The lynching and torture of blacks in the Jim Crow South weren\u2019t just acts of racism. They were religious rituals. \u2013 Slate.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/law2.umkc.edu\/faculty\/projects\/ftrials\/shipp\/lynchingyear.html\" >Lynchings by Year and Race 1882 \u2013 1968 \u2013 UMKC.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace_Bridge\" >Peace Bridge<\/a> opens between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fort_Erie,_Ontario\" >Fort Erie, Ontario<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buffalo,_New_York\" >Buffalo, New York<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1909\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alice_Huyler_Ramsey\" >Alice Huyler Ramsey<\/a> and three friends become the first women to complete a transcontinental auto trip, taking 59 days to travel from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City\" >New York, New York<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco\" >San Francisco, California<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1890\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anna_M%C3%A5nsdotter\" >Anna M\u00e5nsdotter<\/a> becomes the last woman in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sweden\" >Sweden<\/a> to be executed, for the 1889 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yngsj%C3%B6_murder\" >Yngsj\u00f6 murder<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1819\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar\" >Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar<\/a> triumphs over <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spain\" >Spain<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Boyac%C3%A1\" >Battle of Boyac\u00e1<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1791\u00a0 <\/strong>American troops destroy the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miami_people\" >Miami<\/a> town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Kenapacomaqua\" >Kenapacomaqua<\/a> near the site of present-day <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Logansport,_Indiana\" >Logansport, Indiana<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northwest_Indian_War\" >Northwest Indian War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1789\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_War\" >United States Department of War<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1782\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Washington\" >George Washington<\/a> orders the creation of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Badge_of_Military_Merit\" >Badge of Military Merit<\/a> to honor soldiers wounded in battle. It is later renamed to the more poetic <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Purple_Heart\" >Purple Heart<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1714\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Gangut\" >Battle of Gangut<\/a>: The first important victory of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Navy\" >Russian Navy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0AUGUST 8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/events\/2013\/august_8_2013_399627.html\" >2013<\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2013\/aug\/06\/nation\/la-na-pentagon-furlough-20130807\" >The Pentagon will furlough 650,000 civilian employees without pay for six days this year<\/a> after receiving <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2013\/08\/06\/us-usa-defense-furloughs-idUSBRE9750VK20130806\" >warnings that mandatory budget cuts might idle defense workers for a longer period of time<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong>Archeologist excavating the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Templo_Mayor\" >Templo Mayor<\/a>, one of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aztec\" >Aztec<\/a>&#8216;s main temples in their capital city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tenochtitlan\" >Tenochtitlan<\/a> (now Mexico city), make an unprecedented find &#8211; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/sciencetech\/article-2185414\/Unprecedented-Aztec-burial-site-discovered.html\" >the skeleton of a young woman inside a burial, surrounded by piles of 1,789 human bones<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Aztecs\" >History of the Aztecs \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/aztecs\" >Aztecs \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aztec-history.com\/\" >Aztec History \u2013 Aztec-History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Yanukovych\" >Viktor Yanukovych<\/a>, Ukraine&#8217;s President, signs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/latimesblogs.latimes.com\/world_now\/2012\/08\/ukraine-makes-russian-an-official-language-sparking-protests.html\" >a controversial law concerning the status of 18 languages as regional and minority languages<\/a>; the law allows officials in Russian-speaking regions of the country to use Russian in documents and at public events.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_language_in_Ukraine\" >Russian language in Ukraine \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Languages_of_Ukraine\" >Languages in Ukraine &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kyivpost.com\/hot\/language-bill\/\" >Ukrainian vs. Russian Language, by Timothy Snyder: Ukraine\u2019s language war \u2013 Kyiv Post<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010_China_floods\" >2010 China floods<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010_Gansu_mudslide\" >A mudslide<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhugqu_County\" >Zhugqu County<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gansu\" >Gansu<\/a>, China, kills more than 1,400 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2008_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony\" >opening ceremony<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2008_Summer_Olympics\" >2008 Summer Olympics<\/a> take place in Beijing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sonofthesouth.net\/leefoundation\/Confederate_Submarine.htm\" >Confederate submarine<\/a> <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H._L._Hunley_%28submarine%29\" >H.L. Hunley<\/a><\/em> is raised to the surface after 136 years on the ocean floor and 30 years after its discovery by undersea explorer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E._Lee_Spence\" >E. Lee Spence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/USA\/2014\/0217\/Confederate-sub-at-150-Still-mystery-why-Hunley-sank-along-with-her-prey\" >Confederate sub at 150: Still mystery why Hunley sank along with her prey \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/events\/august\/8\" >1997<\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digplanet.com\/wiki\/1997_world_oil_market_chronology\" >The UN approves a sale-price formula for Iraqi crude oil sales under the oil-for-food plan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oil-for-Food_Programme\" >Oil\u2013for\u2013Food Programme \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanctions_against_Iraq#Oil_for_Food\" >Sanctions against Iraq &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/Depts\/oip\/background\/index.html\" >Oil-for-Food \u2013 UN Office for the Iraq Programme<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a> occupies <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuwait\" >Kuwait<\/a> and the state is annexed to Iraq. This would lead to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_War\" >Gulf War<\/a> shortly afterward.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch36-4.htm\" >Saddam Annexes Kuwait \u2013 MACROHISTORY and World Timeline \u2013 FSMITHA.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>The Date of Iraq\u2019s Annexation of Kuwait:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>There seems to be some unclarity or confusion on the information regarding <\/em>the date of Iraq\u2019s annexation of Kuwait<em>. Some websites indicate that its date was 2 August 1990, the day Iraq invaded Kuwait. On this question, this article relies on the information on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/teach\/gulfguide\/gwtimeline.html\" >PBS.org<\/a>. According to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/teach\/gulfguide\/gwtimeline.html\" >PBS.org<\/a>, the timeline, from August 2 to 28, is as follows:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>August 2:<\/em><\/strong><em> Iraq invades Kuwait and seizes Kuwaiti oil fields. Kuwait&#8217;s emir flees. Iraq masses troops along the Saudi border. U.N. condemns Iraq&#8217;s invasion and demands withdrawal.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>August 8:<\/em><\/strong><em> [Saddam] Hussein proclaims annexation of Kuwait. Hussein proclaims annexation of Kuwait.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>August 28:<\/em><\/strong><em> Iraq declares Kuwait its 19th province, renames Kuwait City al-Kadhima.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Some Background Information on Iraq\u2019s Invasion of Kuwait:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.i-p-o.org\/memorandum-gulfwar.htm\" >MEMORANDUM on the Invasion and Annexation of Kuwait by Iraq and Measure to Resolve the Crisis Peacefully \u2013 International Progress Organization \u2013 Vienna, 28 September 1990\/P\/K\/12313 &#8211; I-P-O.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historycommons.org\/context.jsp?item=a080890iraqannex\" >Context of \u2018August 8, 1990: Iraq Says It Is Annexing Kuwait\u2019 \u2013 HistoryCommons.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mcadams.posc.mu.edu\/blog\/harak.html\" >Why DID Iraq Invade Kuwait? &#8211; A Brief History, by G. Simon Harak, S.J. MU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.whycenter.com\/why-did-saddam-invade-kuwait\/\" >Why Saddam invade Kuwait \u2013 WhyCenter.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.apfn.org\/Saddam-Hussein\/Kuwait.htm\" >Several Reasons Why Saddam Hussein Invaded Kuwait? \u2013 APFN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/previous.presstv.ir\/detail.aspx?id=172773&amp;sectionid=3510302\" >\u2018Saudi Arabia seeks to annex Kuwait\u2019 \u2013 PressTV.ir<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invasion_of_Kuwait\" >Invasion of Kuwait \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-14647211\" >Kuwait profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC News<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/theflyingscotsman91.blogspot.com\/2013\/07\/iraq-oil-and-history-timeline.html\" >Iraq, Oil and History \u2013 Timeline \u2013 The Flying Scotsman<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/09\/15\/world\/meast\/gulf-war-fast-facts\/index.html\" >Gulf War Fast Facts \u2013 CNN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.chicagotribune.com\/1991-01-18\/news\/9101050904_1_iraq-and-kuwait-8-iraq-iraqi-national-assembly\" >Key Events Leading to Gulf Conflict \u2013 ChicagoTribune.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.meforum.org\/101\/iraqs-culture-of-violence\" >Iraq\u2019s Culture of Violence, by Shafeeq N. Ghabra \u2013 Middle East Quarterly Summer 2001 \u2013 Middle East Forum<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Some Pertinent Information and\/or Arguments:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rahulgladwin.com\/docs\/my-experience-during-the-iraqi-invasion-of-kuwait.php\" >My Experience during the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait, by Rahul Gladwin \u2013 RahulGladwin.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/the-impact-of-the-iraqi-invasion-of-kuwait-the-view-from-ten-years-later\" >The Impact of the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait: The View from Ten Years Later, by Bernard Trainor, Daniel Pipes, and Peter Rodman \u2013 August 3, 2000 \u2013 The Washington Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thefinertimes.com\/War-in-The-Middle-East\/the-gulf-war-desert-storm.html\" >\u201c<em>This conflict started in August 1990 and finished in February 1991, but the Operation Desert Storm continued until it was officially ended on the 30th November 1995<\/em>.\u201d- The Gulf War, by Peter Fitzgerald \u2013 The Finer Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.alibris.com\/The-Middle-East-After-Iraqs-Invasion-of-Kuwait\/book\/4355535\" >The Middle East After Iraq\u2019s Invasion of Kuwait, by Robert O Freedman \u2013 AlIBRIS.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2015\/07\/kuwait-crisis-1990-25-anniversary.html\" >25 years later: Did Kuwait invasion doom Iraq? ,by Bruce Riedel \u2013 Al-Monitor.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_program\" >Space Shuttle program<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/STS-28\" >STS-28<\/a> Mission: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_Columbia\" >Space Shuttle Columbia<\/a> takes off on a secret five-day military mission.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong>The &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/8888_Uprising\" >8888 Uprising<\/a>&#8221; occurs in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burma\" >Burma<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong>President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a>, in a nationwide television address, announces his resignation from the office of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >President of the United States<\/a> effective noon the next day.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Dae-jung\" >Kim Dae-jung<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea\" >South Korean<\/a> politician and later president of South Korea, is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kidnapping_of_Kim_Dae-jung\" >kidnapped<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations\" >Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a> (ASEAN) is founded by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia\" >Malaysia<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore\" >Singapore<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thailand\" >Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union\" >Zimbabwe African National Union<\/a> (ZANU), the current ruling party of Zimbabwe, is formed by a split from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zimbabwe_African_People%27s_Union\" >Zimbabwe African People&#8217;s Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Kasai\" >South Kasai<\/a> secedes from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29\" >Congo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/famousdaily.com\/history\/south-kasai-secede-congo.html\" >South Kasai secedes from Congo, by Gary Stanovsky \u2013 FamousDaily.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.africafederation.net\/Kasai_History.htm\" >History of the Republic of Great Kasai \u2013 AfricaFederation.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.quazoo.com\/q\/South_Kasai\" >South Kasai \u2013 Quazoo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >USSR<\/a> offers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syria\" >Syria<\/a> economic\/military aid.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957\" >Syrian Crisis of 1957 &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/syria\/68.htm\" >Syria: Relations with the Soviet Union \u2013 Country Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1981\/05\/27\/world\/syrian-soviet-friendship-is-on-paper-not-streets.html\" >SYRIAN-SOVIET FRIENDSHIP IS ON PAPER, NOT STREETS, by Pranay B. Gupte \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com\/Soviet-Syrian+Agreements\" >Soviet-Syrian Agreements \u2013 TheFreeDictionary.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/intellit.muskingum.edu\/covertaction_folder\/casyria.html\" >Covert Action &#8211; Middle East \u2013 Syria \u2013 MuskingGun.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wsws.org\/en\/articles\/2003\/10\/syri-o06.html\" >CIA-MI6 planned to assassinate Syrian leaders in 1957, by Jean Shaoul<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sott.net\/article\/246042-Revealed-1957-CIA-MI6-plot-to-terrorise-Syria-spark-fake-revolution-and-assassinate-leadership\" >Revealed: 1957 CIA-MI6 plot to terrorise Sysria, spark fake revolution and assassinate leadership \u2013 Sott.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tradingeconomics.com\/syria\/inflation-cpi\" >Syria: Inflation Rate 1957 \u2013 2015 \u2013 TradingEconomics.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infowars.com\/syria-cia-mi6-intel-ops-and-sabotage\/\" >SYRIA: CIA-MI6 Intel Ops and Sabotage, by Felicity Arbuthnot \u2013 Alex Jones\u2019 Infowars.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/uscpublicdiplomacy.org\/sites\/uscpublicdiplomacy.org\/files\/legacy\/publications\/perspectives\/CPDPerspectives_Paper42013_Syria.pdf\" >The Syrian Crisis of 1957: A Lesson for the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century, by Kevin Brown \u2013 Paper 4, 2013 &#8211; USCPublicDiplomacy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/newspapers?nid=1817&amp;dat=19570826&amp;id=VgciAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=2pkEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7354,3270453&amp;hl=en\" >Syria Shows Doctrine Weakness \u2013 The Tuscaloosa News<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>First flight of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convair_B-36\" >Convair B-36<\/a>, the world&#8217;s first mass-produced <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_delivery\" >nuclear weapon delivery<\/a> vehicle, the heaviest mass-produced piston-engine aircraft, with the longest wingspan of any military aircraft, and the first bomber with intercontinental range.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/techdaycamp.com\/2011\/08\/b-36-peacemaker-takes-first-flight\/\" >B-36 \u201cPeaceMaker\u201d Takes First Flight \u2013 Tech Day Camp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/types-of-nuclear-weapons\/\" >TYPES OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/intro\/nuke\/produce.htm\" >Nuclear Weapon Production \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/intro\/nuke\/design.htm\" >Nuclear Weapon Design \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wmdawareness.org.uk\/the-facts\/nuclear-weapons\/\" >Nuclear Weapons \u2013 WMDAwareness.org.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/soviets-declare-war-on-japan-invade-manchuria\" >Soviets declare war on Japan; invade Manchuria.<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria\" >Soviet invasion of Manchuria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet\u2013Japanese_War_(1945)\" >Soviet \u2013 Japanese War (1945) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thewarillustrated.info\/214\/russia-smashed-in-to-end-the-war-with-japan.asp\" >Russia Smashes In to End the War With Japan \u2013 The World Illustrated<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questia.com\/newspaper\/1P2-33406033\/russia-s-late-entry-tips-balance-in-pacific-surrender\" >Russia\u2019s Late Entry Tips Balance in Pacific Surrender after Nuclear Attacks Thwarts Stalin\u2019s Plan to Invade Japanese Mainland Series: 1945\/1995. By George Moffett, writer of The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/histclo.com\/essay\/war\/ww2\/cou\/jap\/sov\/w2j-sdw.html\" >World War II: Japan \u2013 Soviet Declaration of War (August, 1945) \u2013 Historical Boys\u2019 Clothing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/truman-signs-united-nations-charter\" >Truman signs United Nations Charter<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945<\/strong>\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wagingpeace.org\/tag\/nuremberg-principles\/\" >Nuremberg Principles<\/a> signed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuremberg_Charter\" >Nuremberg Charter \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tdl.org\/txlor-dspace\/bitstream\/handle\/2249.3\/396\/Nuremberg_Principles.pdf\" >Nuremberg Principles, August 8, 1945 \u2013 ARTICLES VI &#8211; VIII<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/imt\/imtconst.asp\" >Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. 1 Charter of the International Military Tribunal \u2013 Avalon Project \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/law.wustl.edu\/news\/documents\/nurembergparadox.pdf\" >The Nuremberg Paradox, by Leila Nadya Sadat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.org\/whistlestop\/study_collections\/nuremberg\/\" >Nuremberg Trials Chronology \u2013 Truman Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wagingpeace.org\/tag\/nuremberg-principles\/\" >NURENBERG AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS, by David Krieger \u2013 NUCLEAR AGE PEACE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quit_India_Movement\" >Quit India Movement<\/a> is launched in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India\" >India<\/a> against the British rule in response to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi\" >Mohandas Gandhi<\/a>&#8216;s call for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swaraj\" >swaraj<\/a> or complete independence.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sscnet.ucla.edu\/southasia\/History\/Gandhi\/Quit.html\" >\u2018Quit India\u2019 Movement \u2013 UCLA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historypak.com\/quit-india-movement-1942\/\" >QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT (1942) \u2013 HistoryPak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/researchprojects\/makingbritain\/content\/1942-quit-india-movement\" >1942 Quit India Movement \u2013 The Open University<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indohistory.com\/quit_india.html\" >Quit India Movement \u2013 History of India \u2013 IndoHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Quit-India-movement\" >Quit India movement \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/indiaproject.tripod.com\/quit.html\" >The Quit India Movement \u2013 Tripod.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>The &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aufbau_Ost_(1940)\" >Aufbau Ost<\/a>&#8221; directive is signed by\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilhelm_Keitel\" >Wilhelm Keitel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1929\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0The German airship\u00a0<em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LZ_127_Graf_Zeppelin\" >Graf Zeppelin<\/a><\/em>\u00a0begins a round-the-world flight.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong>The predecessor to the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippine_Stock_Exchange\" >Philippine Stock Exchange<\/a>\u00a0opens.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Amiens_%281918%29\" >Battle of Amiens<\/a> begins a string of almost continuous victories with a push through the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >German<\/a> front lines (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hundred_Days_Offensive\" >Hundred Days Offensive<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1908\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wright_brothers\" >Wilbur Wright<\/a> makes his first flight at a racecourse at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Mans\" >Le Mans<\/a>, France. It is the Wright Brothers&#8217; first public flight.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1874\u00a0 <\/strong>The <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Ploie%C8%99ti\" >Republic of Ploie\u0219ti<\/a><\/em>, a failed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Romania\" >Radical-Liberal<\/a> rising against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domnitor\" >Domnitor<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carol_I_of_Romania\" >Carol<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romania<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1844\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quorum_of_the_Twelve\" >Quorum of the Twelve<\/a> Apostles, headed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brigham_Young\" >Brigham Young<\/a>, is reaffirmed as the leading body of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints\" >The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints<\/a> (LDS Church).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1794\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Whidbey\" >Joseph Whidbey<\/a> leads an expedition to search for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northwest_Passage\" >Northwest Passage<\/a> near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juneau,_Alaska\" >Juneau, Alaska<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0AUGUST 9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a02014\u00a0 <\/strong>Michael Brown, an unarmed 18-year-old African American male in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferguson,_Missouri\" >Ferguson, Missouri<\/a>, was\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown\" >shot and killed<\/a>\u00a0by a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferguson_Police_Department_(Missouri)\" >Ferguson<\/a>\u00a0police officer, sparking\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Ferguson_unrest\" >protests and unrest<\/a>\u00a0in the city.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>At least 21 suspected terrorists were arrested in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_transatlantic_aircraft_plot\" >2006 transatlantic aircraft plot<\/a>\u00a0that happened in the United Kingdom. The arrests were made in London,<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Birmingham\" >Birmingham<\/a>, and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High_Wycombe\" >High Wycombe<\/a>\u00a0in an overnight operation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>Russian President\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Yeltsin\" >Boris Yeltsin<\/a>\u00a0fires his Prime Minister,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sergei_Stepashin\" >Sergei Stepashin<\/a>, and for the fourth time fires his entire cabinet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong>The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)\" >Liberal Democratic Party of Japan<\/a>\u00a0loses a 38-year hold on national leadership.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong>As a direct result of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watergate_scandal\" >Watergate scandal<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a>\u00a0becomes the first\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >President of the United States<\/a>\u00a0to resign from office. His\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vice_President_of_the_United_States_of_America\" >Vice President<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerald_Ford\" >Gerald Ford<\/a>, becomes president.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Troubles\" >The Troubles<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Army\" >British Army<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland\" >Northern Ireland<\/a>\u00a0launches\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Demetrius\" >Operation Demetrius<\/a>. Hundreds of people are arrested and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internment\" >interned<\/a>, thousands are displaced, and twenty are killed in the violence that followed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tvnews.vanderbilt.edu\/program.pl?ID=199532\" >1968<\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josip_Broz_Tito\" >Yugoslav president Tito<\/a> visits <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Prague\" >Prague<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prague_Spring\" >Progaue Spring \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1961-1968\/soviet-invasion-czechoslavkia\" >Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968 \u2013 Office of the Historian<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980\/the-cold-war\/the-prague-spring-of-1968\/\" >The Plague Spring of 1968 \u2013 The History Learning Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/vjw\/Prague.html\" >Plague, by Rebecca Weiner \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore\" >Singapore<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore#Independence_of_Singapore\" >expelled<\/a> from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia\" >Malaysia<\/a> and becomes the only country to date to gain independence unwillingly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Army\" >The Red Army (Soviet Armed Forces)<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria\" >invades<\/a> Japanese-occupied Manchuria.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nagasaki,_Nagasaki\" >Nagasaki<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki\" >devastated<\/a> when an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapon\" >atomic bomb<\/a>, <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fat_Man\" >Fat Man<\/a><\/em>, is dropped by the United States <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B-29_Superfortress\" >B-29<\/a> <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bockscar\" >Bockscar<\/a><\/em>. 35,000 people are killed outright, including 23,200-28,200 Japanese war workers, 2,000 Korean forced workers, and 150 Japanese soldiers.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>City of Nagasaki:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nagasaki-Japan\" >Nagasaki \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nagasaki\" >Nagasaki \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japan-guide.com\/e\/e2162.html\" >Nagasaki \u2013 Travel Guide<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Atomic Bomb and Nagasaki:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki\" >Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/learning.blogs.nytimes.com\/2011\/08\/09\/aug-9-1945-u-s-drops-atomic-bomb-on-nagasaki-japan\/comment-page-1\/?_r=0\" >Aug 9, 1945 \u2013 US Drops Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki, Japan \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.angelfire.com\/planet\/nuclearflower\/nuclearbomb.htm\" >NUCLEAR BOMBING AT HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI \u2013 AngelFire.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/world-war-two\/the-pacific-war-1941-to-1945\/the-bombing-of-nagasaki\/\" >The Bombing of Nagasaki, by C.N. Truman \u2013 The History Learning Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ncq_Wye43TM&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (4 min. 50 sec.): Atomic bombing of Nagasaki &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3qeYaMavxH8\" >YouTube video (11 min. 30 sec.): Rare footage of Nagasaki atomic bombing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ymsxLt01WKE&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (3 min. 58 sec.): The Last Atomic Bomb In Nagasaki<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dZu7VUBxgUk&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (4 min. 28 sec.): Victims of atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, suffering from various illness<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Photos\/Nagasaki\/image2.shtml\" >Photographs: Urakami Cathedral after the Atomic Bombing (Fa\u00e7ade)<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/city-nagasaki-a-bomb-museum-db.jp\/en\/collection\/89372.html\" >other parts of the Cathedral \u2013 Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum Memorial Database<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/consortiumnews.com\/2014\/08\/09\/the-very-un-christian-nagasaki-bomb\/\" >\u201c<em>A bitter irony of the Nagasaki atomic bomb was that an all-Christian American crew used the steeple of Japan\u2019s most prominent Christian church as the target for an act of unspeakable barbarism, making a mockery of\u00a0Christian teachings on non-violence<\/em>&#8230;\u201d \u2013 The Very Un-Christian Nagasaki Bomb, by Gary G. Kohls<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gypsynester.com\/nagasaki-Urakami-Cathedral.htm\" >The Statues That Survived the Bomb at Urakami Cathedral in Nagasaki, Japan \u2013 GypsyNester.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Photos\/Nagasaki\/image4.shtml\" >Statutes in front of the Urakami Cathedral \u2013 AtomicArchive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/travel-around-japan.com\/k93-14-urakami-cathedral.html\" >Urakami Cathedral \u2013 Travel-Around-Japan.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aasc.ucla.edu\/cab\/200708150001.html\" >Hiroshima and Nagasaki \u2013 Two Cities, One Destiny \u2013 Children of the Atomic Bomb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/08\/fr-george-zabelkas-message-for-peace\/\" >\u201c<em>The former US Air Force chaplain who blessed the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and later became a peacemaker<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Fr. George Zabelka\u2019s Message for Peace &#8211; TMS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>The Atomic Bomb and its Environmental Impact:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/culturalinstitute\/exhibit\/the-nagasaki-atomic-bomb-and-nature\/QRdn47QA?hl=en\" >Nagasaki Atomic Bomb and Nature \u2013 Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/131\/effects-of-bombing-on-the-environment\" >Effects of Bombing on the Environment, by Anup Shah \u2013 Global Issues<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globalecology.stanford.edu\/SCOPE\/SCOPE_28_1\/SCOPE_28-1_1.1_Chapter1_1-23.pdf\" >Effects of Nuclear Detonations \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zazenlife.com\/2011\/12\/29\/the-after-effects-of-the-atomic-bombs-on-hiroshima-nagasaki\/\" >After-Effects of The Atomic Bombs of Hiroshima &amp; Nagasaki \u2013 ZazenLife.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nagasakiandhiroshimabombing.weebly.com\/effect-on-geography.html\" >Effects of the Geography \u2013 Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cacpeaceday.wikispaces.com\/The+impact+and+effects+of+the+dropping+of+the+atomic+bombs\" >The impact and effects of the dropping of the atomic bombs \u2013 Wikispaces.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/omnicenter.org\/newsletter-archive\/\" >Dick Bennett\u2019s Peace, Justice, And Ecology Newsletters \u2013 Professor Emeritus at University of Arkansas, And Founder of OMNI<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.answers.com\/Q\/What_effect_did_the_hiroshima_nagasaki_bombing_have_on_the_environment\" >What effect did the Hiroshima Nagasaki bombing have on the environment? \u2013 Answers.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lenntech.com\/environmental-effects-war.htm\" >Environmental effects of warfare &#8211; The Impact of war on the environment and human health \u2013 LennTech.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/hyperwar\/AAF\/USSBS\/AtomicEffects\/index.html\" >The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki \u2013 United States Strategic Bombing Survey<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>The Atomic Bomb and its Impact on the Human Health:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.peace-nagasaki.go.jp\/sensaishi\/e-top.html\" >Records of the Nagasaki Atomic Bombing and Wartime Damage \u2013 Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Health\/Healthday\/story?id=4510792&amp;page=1\" >Fallout from Atomic Bombs Still Causing Health Problems, by Alan Mozes \u2013 Health Day<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.icanw.org\/the-facts\/catastrophic-harm\/hiroshima-and-nagasaki-bombings\/\" >Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings \u2013 ICANW.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/institution\/Nagasaki_University\" >Research Gate: ResearchGate is the professional network for scientists and researchers. \u2013 Nagasaki University<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abomb.med.nagasaki-u.ac.jp\/abdi\/index.html\" >Atomic Bomb Disease Institute \u2013 Nagasaki University \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3907953\/\" >Long-term Radiation-Related Health Effects in a Unique Human Population: Lesson Learned from the Atomic Bomb Survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, by Evan B. Douple at el. \u2013 HHS Public Access \u2013 NIH.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/gwire\/2011\/04\/11\/11greenwire-hiroshima-and-nagasaki-cast-long-shadows-over-99849.html?pagewanted=all\" >Hiroshima and Nagasaki Case Long Shadows Over Radiation Science, by Paul Voosen \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abomb.med.nagasaki-u.ac.jp\/abomb\/start-E.html\" >The Medical Effects of the Nagasaki Atomic Bombing \u2013 Nagasaki University<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/yufoundation.org\/furo.pdf\" >Dietary Practice of Hiroshima\/Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors, by Hiroko Furo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.helmholtz-muenchen.de\/fileadmin\/GSF\/pdf\/presse\/2005\/Hiroshima-Nagasaki-2005_en.pdf\" >Background Information: Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki \u2013 Health Effects of Radiation \u2013 GSF<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Docs\/MED\/med_chp22.shtml\" >Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki \u2013 Radio Injuries \u2013 AtomicArchive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/voiceseducation.org\/content\/atomic-bomb-disease\" >Atomic Bomb Disease \u2013 Voices Compassion Education<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=202461\" >Radiation Dose-Response Relationships for Thyroid Nodules and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors 55 \u2013 58 Years After Radiation Exposure, by Misa Imaizumi et al., March 1, 2006, The Journal of the American Medical Association (JMA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/probeinternational.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/MineIR10-JpSurvMort1.pdf\" >Mortality of A-bomb Survivors in Nagasaki and Hiroshima, by M. Mine, et al.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicbombmuseum.org\/4_survivors.shtml\" >After the Bomb \u2013 The Survivors \u2013 AtomicBombMuseum.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007%2F1-4020-4956-0_15\" >CASUALTIES AND RADIATION DOSIMETRY OF THE ATOMIC BOMBINS ON HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI, by Tetsuji Imanaka<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/domlife.org\/Justice\/Disarmament\/bombfactsheet.pdf\" >HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI \u2013 Factsheet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/jco.ascopubs.org\/content\/29\/4\/428.full\" >Risk of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in People Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors, by Masao Iwanaga, et al.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/jes\/journal\/v20\/n7\/full\/jes201048a.html\" >Better radiation exposure estimation for the Japanese atomic-bomb survivors enables us to better protect people from radiation today, by Harry M Cullings and Kirk R Smith \u2013 <em>Journal of Exposure Science &amp; Environmental Epidemiology<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Continuation_War\" >Continuation War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_Offensive\" >Vyborg\u2013Petrozavodsk Offensive<\/a>, the largest offensive launched by Soviet Union against Finland during the Second World War, ends to a strategic stalemate. Both Finnish and Soviet troops at the Finnish front dug to defensive positions, and the front remains stable until the end of the war.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Forest_Service\" >United States Forest Service<\/a> and the Wartime Advertising Council release posters featuring <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smokey_Bear\" >Smokey Bear<\/a> for the first time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Savo_Island\" >Battle of Savo Island<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allied<\/a> naval forces protecting their amphibious forces during the initial stages of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Guadalcanal\" >Battle of Guadalcanal<\/a> are surprised and defeated by an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Japanese_Navy\" >Imperial Japanese Navy<\/a> cruiser force.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>Indian leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahatma_Gandhi\" >Mahatma Gandhi<\/a> is arrested in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombay\" >Bombay<\/a> by British forces, launching the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quit_India_Movement\" >Quit India Movement<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Summer_Olympic_Games\" >Summer Olympic Games<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1936_Summer_Olympics\" >Games of the XI Olympiad<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jesse_Owens\" >Jesse Owens<\/a> wins his fourth <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gold_medal\" >gold medal<\/a> at the games.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>Start of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Mulhouse\" >Battle of Mulhouse<\/a>, part of a French attempt to recover the province of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alsace\" >Alsace<\/a> and the first French offensive of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1892\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Edison\" >Thomas Edison<\/a> receives a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patent\" >patent<\/a> for a two-way <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telegraphy\" >telegraph<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1877\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Wars\" >Indian Wars<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Big_Hole\" >Battle of Big Hole<\/a> \u2013 A small band of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nez_Perce_tribe\" >Nez Perc\u00e9 Indians<\/a> clash with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army\" >United States Army<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1854\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_David_Thoreau\" >Henry David Thoreau<\/a> publishes <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walden\" >Walden<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thoreau.eserver.org\/walden00.html\" >Walden \u2013 An Annotated Edition, by Henry David Thoreau<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thoreau.eserver.org\/\" >The Thoreau Reader \u2013 Annotated Works of Henry David Thoreau \u2013 A Project in Cooperation with the Thoreau Society<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.calliope.org\/thoreau\/thoreau.html\" >Henry David Thoreau \u2013 Calliope.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/thoreau\/\" >Henry David Thoreau \u2013 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwidewaldens.org\/meet-thoreau-5-impact\/\" >Meet Thoreau: Henry\u2019s Global Impact &#8211; World Wide Waldens<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.walden.org\/Library\/About_Thoreau\" s_Life_and_Writings:_The_Research_Collections\/Thoreau_and_the_Environment\">The Walden Woods Project \u2013 About Thoreau: Thoreau and the Environment<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/article-1G2-3233900239\/walden.html\" >Walden \u2013 Environmental Science \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thoreauscholar.org\/\" >Henry David Thoreau Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2012\/mar\/14\/henry-david-thoreau-climate-change\" >Scientists use Thoreau\u2019s journal note to track climate change<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.danielbbotkin.com\/2009\/05\/10\/henry-david-thoreau-and-the-depth-of-walden-pond\/\" >Henry David Thoreau and the Depth of Walden Pond, by Daniel Botkin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.concordmuseum.org\/early-spring-exhibition.php\" >Early Spring \u2013 David Thoreau and Climate Change \u2013 Concord Museum<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1842\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Webster%E2%80%93Ashburton_Treaty\" >Webster\u2013Ashburton Treaty<\/a> is signed, establishing the United States\u2013Canada border east of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rocky_Mountains\" >Rocky Mountains<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1814\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Wars\" >Indian Wars<\/a>: the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muscogee_%28Creek%29\" >Creek<\/a> sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Fort_Jackson\" >Treaty of Fort Jackson<\/a>, giving up huge parts of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alabama\" >Alabama<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georgia_%28U.S._state%29\" >Georgia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1810\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon\" >Napoleon<\/a> annexes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westphalia\" >Westphalia<\/a> as part of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_French_Empire\" >First French Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>______________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.\u00a0 His interest and\/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project\/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental\/ecological issues, visual\/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment<\/em><\/a><em>, he is currently compiling <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/category\/history\/\" >This Week in History<\/a> <em>on <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/\" >TMS<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(<em>Sources and references:<\/em><\/strong><em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_3\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_3<\/a> \u00a0to August_9; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/day\/august\/3\" >http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/day\/august\/3<\/a> to august\/9; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/august_3.html\" >http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/august_3.html<\/a> to august_9.html; and other pertinent web sites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<\/em><strong>) <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and\/or documents.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about \u201cpeace\u201d, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external\/outer peace and internal\/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and\/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address \u201cpeace\u201d through peace journalism.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>August 3\u20139 &#8211; QUOTE OF THE WEEK: \u201cIt\u2019s never too late to start over. If you weren\u2019t happy with yesterday, try something different today. Don\u2019t stay stuck. Do better.\u201d  &#8211; Alex Elle<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61343"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61343\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}