{"id":62085,"date":"2015-08-10T12:00:20","date_gmt":"2015-08-10T11:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=62085"},"modified":"2015-08-04T15:28:05","modified_gmt":"2015-08-04T14:28:05","slug":"this-week-in-history-36","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/08\/this-week-in-history-36\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>August 10-16<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>QUOTE OF THE WEEK:<\/strong><br \/>\n<em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyquote.com\/quotes\/quotes\/o\/omarkhayya378553.html?src=t_happiness\" >\u201cBe happy for this moment. This moment is your life.\u201d<\/a><\/em> \u2013 Omar Khayyam<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>AUGUST 10<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2001_Angola_train_attack\" >2001 Angola train attack<\/a>, 252 deaths.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>HRH Prince <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Muhtadee_Billah\" >Al-Muhtadee Billah<\/a> is proclaimed the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crown_prince\" >crown prince<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brunei\" >Brunei<\/a> with a Royal Proclamation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oklahoma_City_bombing\" >Oklahoma City bombing<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timothy_McVeigh\" >Timothy McVeigh<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terry_Nichols\" >Terry Nichols<\/a> are indicted for the bombing. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_and_Lori_Fortier\" >Michael Fortier<\/a> pleads guilty in a plea-bargain for his testimony.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong>An earthquake measuring 7.0 on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richter_magnitude_scale\" >Richter Scale<\/a> hits the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Island\" >South Island<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand\" >New Zealand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>More than 127 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muslim\" >Muslims<\/a> are killed in North East <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lanka<\/a> by paramilitary troops.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magellan_%28spacecraft%29\" >Magellan space probe<\/a> reaches <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venus\" >Venus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_American_internment\" >Japanese American internment<\/a>: U.S. President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Reagan\" >Ronald Reagan<\/a> signs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civil_Liberties_Act_of_1988\" >Civil Liberties Act of 1988<\/a>, providing $20,000 payments to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_American\" >Japanese Americans<\/a> who were either interned in or relocated by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> during <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Adam_Walsh\" >Murder of Adam Walsh<\/a>: the head of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Walsh_%28television_host%29\" >John Walsh<\/a>&#8216;s son is found. This inspires the creation of the television series <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/America%27s_Most_Wanted\" >America&#8217;s Most Wanted<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>Three members of the Ulrich family are killed in an accident. This leads to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ford_Pinto\" >Ford Pinto<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ford_Pinto#Recall\" >litigation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya#Nuclear_testing\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-4-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union: Novaya Zemlya archipelago \u2013 relocation of indigenous population \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlja &#8211; NTI<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >\u201c<em>Novaya Zemlya, beginning in 1954, was exclusively used by Russia for almost 40 years as a nuclear testing area, atmospherically, underground, and in the surrounding oceans. Lately researchers have begun to discover that Novaya Zemlya was also used as a graveyard for various nuclear weapons, submarines, and reactors, sunk to the bottom of the ocean. Many vessels still had their radioactive materials aboard and were not properly disposed of. Therefore, Novaya Zemlya is quickly becoming an environmental disaster<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlja<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >\u201c<em>\u2019Collecting large numbers of seagull and guillemot eggs, as well as hunting birds, was the most destructive action people have ever done on Novaya Zemlya,\u2019 said Gennady Khakhin, head of the Center for Wild Animal Health of the All-Russia Research Institute of Nature Conservation at the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Novaya Zemlja: birds, animals adapt to nuclear test site \u2013 NuclearNo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1977_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" ><strong>1977<\/strong>\u00a0 USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >(underground) nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong>A day after murdering <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sharon_Tate\" >Sharon Tate<\/a> and four others, members of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Manson\" >Charles Manson<\/a>&#8216;s cult kill <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leno_and_Rosemary_LaBianca\" >Leno and Rosemary LaBianca<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya#Nuclear_testing\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>First use in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agent_Orange\" >Agent Orange<\/a> by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army\" >US Army<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Some Pertinent Information on \u201c<\/em><\/strong><strong>Agent Orange\u201d<em>:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/vietnam-war\/agent-orange\" >AGENT ORANGE \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Agent_Orange.aspx\" >Agent Orange \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scienceclarified.com\/A-Al\/Agent-Orange.html\" >Orange Agent \u2013 ScienceClarified.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.monsanto.com\/newsviews\/pages\/agent-orange-background-monsanto-involvement.aspx\" >\u201c<em>From 1965 to 1969, the former Monsanto Company was one of nine wartime government contractors who manufactured Agent Orange.\u00a0 The government set the specifications for making Agent Orange and determined when, where and how it was used. Agent Orange was only produced for, and used by, the government<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Agent Orange: Background on Monsanto\u2019s Involvement \u2013 Monsanto.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thewe.cc\/weplanet\/asia\/vietnam\/agent_orange_victims_of-US_herbicide_spraying_vietnam.htm\" >Chemical companies, US authorities knew dangers of Agent Orange \u2013 TheWe.cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/12\/us\/agent-oranges-long-legacy-for-vietnam-and-veterans.html?_r=0\" >Agent Orange\u2019s Long Legacy, for Vietnam and Veterans \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2003\/mar\/29\/usa.adrianlevy\" >\u201c<em>Nearly 30 years after the Vietnam war, a chemical weapon used by US troops is still exacting a hideous toll on each new generation. Cathy Scott-Clark and Adrian Levy report. Hong Hanh is falling to pieces. She has been poisoned by the most toxic molecule known to science; it was sprayed during a prolonged military campaign\u2026.. There are an estimated 650,000 like Hong Hanh in Vietnam, suffering from an array of baffling chronic conditions. Another 500,000 have already died<\/em>. \u201d \u2013 Spectre Orange \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/links.org.au\/node\/2457\" >Victims of Agent Orange\/dioxin: \u2018Agent Orange in Vietnam was a crime against humanity\u2019 \u2013 Links.org.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.publichealth.va.gov\/exposures\/agentorange\/\" >Public Health \u2013 Agent Orange \u2013 US Department of Veterans Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.benefits.va.gov\/compensation\/claims-postservice-agent_orange.asp\" >Compensation &#8211; Veterans Exposed to Agent Orange \u2013 US Department of Veterans Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.publichealth.va.gov\/exposures\/agentorange\/conditions\/index.asp\" >Veterans\u2019 Diseases Associated with Agent Orange \u2013 US Department of Veterans Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.diabetes.org\/living-with-diabetes\/complications\/related-conditions\/agent-orange.html\" >\u201c<em>Vietnam veterans with type 2 diabetes are eligible for disability compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) based on their presumed exposure to Agent Orange or other herbicides<\/em>. \u2013 Agent Orange \u2013 Diabetes.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/cancercauses\/othercarcinogens\/intheworkplace\/agent-orange-and-cancer\" >Agent Orange and Cancer \u2013 Cancer.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/agent-orange\/\" >Veterans Exposed to Toxic Chemical Accuse VA Of Foot-Dragging \u2013 Agent Orange \u2013 The Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/agentorangerecord.com\/agent_orange_history\/\" >AMERICA\u2019S MOST LETAH SEVRET AGENT? &#8211; AgentOrangeRecord.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/agentorangezone.blogspot.com\/2014\/10\/veterans-and-human-rights-attorneys.html\" >Orange Agent Zone \u2013 Veterans and Human Rights Attorneys Seek Information Weapons Use in Iraq \u2013 October 27, 2014<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Chemical Weapons and International Law:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemical_Weapons_Convention\" >Chemical Weapons Convention \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/WMD\/Chemical\/\" >CHEMICAL WEAPONS \u2013 UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/disarmament.un.org\/treaties\/t\/cwc\/text\" >Full Text of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Us of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (signed 3 September 1992; effective 29 April 1997)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/disarmament.un.org\/treaties\/t\/cwc\" >Status of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Us of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/eng\/resources\/documents\/interview\/2013\/07-18-syria-chemical-weapons.htm\" >Chemical weapons: An absolute prohibition under international law \u2013 ICRC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2013\/08\/syria-chemical-weapons-explainer\" >International Law, Security, and Weapons of Mass Destruction, by Jayantha Dhanapala, Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs, United Nations, 9 May, 2002<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ir.canterbury.ac.nz\/bitstream\/10092\/850\/1\/thesis_fulltext.pdf\" >Can International Law Achieve the Effective Disarmament of Chemical Weapons? ,by Peggy Lefevre<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/physiciansforhumanrights.org\/training\/chemical-weapons\/\" >Chemical Weapons Facts \u2013 Physicians for Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.weaponslaw.org\/weapons\/chemical-weapons\" >Chemical Weapons \u2013 Chemical weapons are generally prohibited by the 1992 Chemical Weapons Convention \u2013 WeaponsLaw.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2013\/08\/syria-chemical-weapons-explainer\" >Are Chemical Weapons Reason Enough to Go to War? \u2013 August 30, 2013, MotherJones.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/humanrightsinvestigations.org\/2013\/09\/27\/human-rights-watch-un-chemical-weapons-report\/\" >Human Rights Watch and UN chemical weapons report \u2013 September 27, 2013 &#8211; HumanRightsInvestigations.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Indochina_War\" >First Indochina War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Union\" >French Union<\/a> withdraws its forces from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Camargue\" >Operation Camargue<\/a> against the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viet_Minh\" >Viet Minh<\/a> in central <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\" >Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/viet-nam.wikispaces.com\/First+Indochina+War\" >First Indochina War \u2013 WikiSpaces.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyguy.com\/indochina_war_first.htm#.VbDtIPmufX4\" >First Indochina War (1946 \u2013 1954) \u2013 HistoryGuy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.coldwar.org\/articles\/40s\/FirstIndochinaWar.asp\" >FIRST INDOCHINA WAR \u2013 The Cold War Museum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ichiban1.org\/html\/history\/bc_1964_prewar\/first_indochina_war_1945_1954.htm\" >(First) Indochina War \u2013 Ichiban1.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >US President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_S._Truman\" >Harry S. Truman<\/a> signs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Security_Act_of_1947\" >National Security Act Amendment<\/a>, streamlining the defense agencies of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_government_of_the_United_States\" >United States government<\/a>, and replacing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Defense\" >Department of War<\/a> with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Defense\" >United States Department of Defense<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/truman-signs-national-security-bill\" >Truman signs national Security Bill \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/japan-accepts-potsdam-terms-agrees-to-unconditional-surrender\" >1945\u00a0 Japan accepts Potsdam terms, agrees to unconditional surrender<\/a><\/strong>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hirohito\" >Japanese Emperor, Hirohito<\/a>\u2019s announcement to the Japanese public is audio-recorded on 14 August 1945, and is broadcasted all over the country at noon, on 15 August 1945, local time. <em>See also the entries of the dates of <strong>AUGUST<\/strong> <strong>14<\/strong> and <strong>15, 1945<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/boingboing.net\/2014\/09\/29\/stealing-japans-wwii-surrend.html\" >\u201c<em>On or around August 9, 1945, Emperor Showa (also known as Hirohito) &#8212; the monarch at the time &#8212; decided to accept the Potsdam Declaration. The democratically elected government, unsurprisingly, agreed. To announce the surrender, Hirohito ordered a drafting of a statement, to be read by him, explaining the reasons for accepting the Declaration while (in his eyes) protecting the sovereignty of his rule<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Stealing Japan\u2019s WWII surrender statement \u2013 BoingBoing.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Hirohito\" >Hirohito, Emperor of Japan \u2013 Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Narva_%281944%29\" >Battle of Narva<\/a> ends with a combined <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >German<\/a>\u2013<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonian<\/a> force successfully defending <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Narva\" >Narva<\/a>, Estonia, from invading <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> troops.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Guam_%281944%29\" >American forces defeat the last Japanese troops on Guam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/WWIIPacific\/fl\/World-War-II-Battle-of-Guam-1944.htm\" >World War II \u2013 Battle of Guam (1944) \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/world-war-ii-history\/videos\/battle-of-guam\" >Battle of Guam \u2013 WORLD WAR II HISTORY VIDEOS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1932\u00a0 <\/strong>A 5.1 kilograms (11\u00a0lb) <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chondrite\" >chondrite<\/a>-type <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meteorite\" >meteorite<\/a> breaks into at least seven pieces and lands near the town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archie,_Missouri\" >Archie<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cass_County,_Missouri\" >Cass County, Missouri<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman sultan<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mehmed_VI\" >Mehmed VI<\/a>&#8216;s representatives sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres\" >Treaty of S\u00e8vres<\/a> that divides up the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a> between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_I\" >Allies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/austria-hungary-issues-ultimatum-to-serbia\" >1914\u00a0 Austria-Hungary issues ultimate to Serbia.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Balkan_War\" >Second Balkan War<\/a>: delegates from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgaria\" >Bulgaria<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romania<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbia\" >Serbia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montenegro\" >Montenegro<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greece\" >Greece<\/a> sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Bucharest_%281913%29\" >Treaty of Bucharest<\/a>, ending the war.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/war-memorial.net\/2nd-Balkan-War--3.26\" >2<sup>nd<\/sup> Balkan War \u2013 The Polynational War Memorial<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balkan_Wars\" >Balkan Wars \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Balkan-Wars\" >Balkan Wars \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1905\u00a0 <\/strong>Russo-Japanese War: peace negotiations begin in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portsmouth,_New_Hampshire\" >Portsmouth, New Hampshire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1904\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russo-Japanese_War\" >Russo-Japanese War<\/a>: the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_Yellow_Sea\" >Battle of the Yellow Sea<\/a> between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russian<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japanese<\/a> battleship fleets takes place.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1901\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._Steel_Recognition_Strike_of_1901\" >U.S. Steel Recognition Strike<\/a> by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amalgamated_Association_of_Iron_and_Steel_Workers\" >Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1864\u00a0 <\/strong>After Uruguay&#8217;s governing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Party_%28Uruguay%29\" >Blanco Party<\/a> refuses Brazil&#8217;s demands, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Ant%C3%B4nio_Saraiva\" >Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f4nio Saraiva<\/a> announces that the Brazilian military will begin reprisals, beginning the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uruguayan_War\" >Uruguayan War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1846\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smithsonian_Institution\" >Smithsonian Institution<\/a> is chartered by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congress\" >United States Congress<\/a> after <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Smithson\" >James Smithson<\/a> donates $500,000.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/smithsonian-institution-created\" >Smithsonian Institute Created \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1813\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Instituto_Nacional_General_Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Carrera\" >Instituto Nacional<\/a>, is founded by the Chilean patriot <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Carrera\" >Jos\u00e9 Miguel Carrera<\/a>. It is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chile\" >Chile<\/a>&#8216;s oldest and most prestigious school. Its motto is <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Latin_phrases\" >Labor Omnia Vincit<\/a><\/em>, which means &#8220;Work conquers all things&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1809\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quito\" >Quito<\/a>, now the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_city\" >capital<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecuador\" >Ecuador<\/a>, declares independence from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spain\" >Spain<\/a>. This rebellion will be crushed on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_2\" >August 2<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1810\" >1810<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Ecuador\" >History of Ecuador \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ecuadorexplorer.com\/html\/history.html\" >History of Ecuador \u2013 EcuadorExplorer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/ecuador.html\" >Ecuador \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographia.com\/ecuador\/history.htm\" >Ecuador \u2013 History and Culture \u2013 Geographia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ecuaworld.com\/ecuador-information-center\/brief-history-ecuador\/\" >Brief History of Ecuador &#8211; ECUAWORLD<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ecuador.com\/history\/\" >Ecuador\u2019s History \u2013 Ecuador.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1793\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre\" >Mus\u00e9e du Louvre<\/a> is officially opened in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris\" >Paris<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1792\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Revolution\" >French Revolution<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/10_August_%28French_Revolution%29\" >Storming of the Tuileries Palace<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_XVI_of_France\" >Louis XVI of France<\/a> is arrested and taken into custody as his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_Guard\" >Swiss Guards<\/a> are massacred by the Parisian mob.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/smithsonian-institution-created\" >1776\u00a0 London learns American independence.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>AUGUST 11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong>At least 306 people are killed and 3,000 others injured in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2012_East_Azerbaijan_earthquakes\" >a pair of earthquakes<\/a>\u00a0near\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tabriz\" >Tabriz<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iran<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>The Israeli interior ministry grants <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.uscj.org\/JewishLivingandLearning\/WeeklyParashah\/TorahSparks\/Archive\/_5772\/Ekev5772.aspx\" >its final approval for building 1,600<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli_settlement\" >settler homes<\/a> in the disputed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Jerusalem\" >East<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerusalem\" >Jerusalem<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.btselem.org\/jerusalem\" >Background on East Jerusalem<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/east-jerusalem\/\" >East Jerusalem \u2013 The Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.btselem.org\/topic\/jerusalem\" >East Jerusalem \u2013 B\u2019Tselem<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oil_tanker\" >oil tanker<\/a> M\/T <em>Solar 1<\/em> sinks off the coast of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guimaras\" >Guimaras<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Negros_%28island%29\" >Negros<\/a> Islands in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a>, causing the country&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guimaras_oil_spill\" >worst oil spill<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jemaah_Islamiyah\" >Jemaah Islamiyah<\/a> leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riduan_Isamuddin\" >Riduan Isamuddin<\/a>, better known as Hambali, is arrested in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangkok\" >Bangkok<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thailand\" >Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO\" >NATO<\/a> takes over command of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Security_Assistance_Force\" >peacekeeping force<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>, marking its first major operation outside <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Europe\" >Europe<\/a> in its 54-year-history.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong>&#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/We_begin_bombing_in_five_minutes\" >We begin bombing in five minutes<\/a>&#8221; \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >United States President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Reagan\" >Ronald Reagan<\/a>, while running for re-election, jokes while preparing to make his weekly Saturday address on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NPR\" >National Public Radio<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1984_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1984\u00a0 USSR performs<\/a><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >(underground) nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>A bomb explodes on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pan_Am_Flight_830\" >Pan Am Flight 830<\/a>, en route from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tokyo\" >Tokyo, Japan<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honolulu\" >Honolulu, Hawaii<\/a>, killing one teenager and injuring 15 passengers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Some information on Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/chemistry.about.com\/od\/nuclearchemistry\/a\/How-To-Visit-The-Nevada-Test-Site.htm\" >How to Visit the Nevada Test Site \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Washington Nuclear Museum and Education Center -Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project \u2013 UNLV.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nationalatomictestingmuseum.org\/\" >NATIONAL ATOMIC TESTING MUSEUM<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Ecology and the Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >Ecology of the Nevada Test Site: An Annotated Bibliography<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.energy.gov\/nssab\/documents\/handouts\/fy%202013\/fb\/08-21-13%20FB%20Mtg%20Folder.pdf\" >Nevada Site Specific Advisory Board \u2013 Full Board Meeting Handouts for Wednesday, August 21, 2013<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cdclv.unlv.edu\/healthnv\/environment.html\" >Environment and the Quality of Life in Nevada \u2013 UNLV.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/255236555_Studies_of_environmental_plutonium_and_other_transuranics_in_desert_ecosystems._Nevada_Applied_Ecology_Group_progress_report_%28workshop_session_May_1975%29._Nevada_Test_Site\" >Studies of environmental plutonium and other transuranics in desert ecosystems. Nevada Applied Ecology Group progress report (workshop session, May 1975) [Nevada Test Site]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osti.gov\/scitech\/biblio\/10191695-FPidpo\/webviewable\/\" >Summary of the Nevada Applied Ecology Group and correlative programs. Version 1 \u2013 SciTech Connect<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>The Nevada Test Site and Health:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation &#8211; National Cancer Benefits Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/houstonmethodist.pure.elsevier.com\/en\/publications\/association-between-radioactive-fallout-from-19511962-us-nuclear-tests-at-the-nevada-test-site-and-cancer-mortality-in-midwestern-us-populations%282015940b-cee2-49f0-a6ea-2661c77db915%29.html\" >Association between radioactive fallout from 1951 \u2013 1962 US nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site and cancer mortality in Midwestern US population, L.E. Peterson and R.E. Miller<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ndep.nv.gov\/admin\/keyword.htm\" >Nevada Division of Environmental Protection \u2013 Department of Conservation &amp; Natural Resources &#8211; State of Nevada \u2013 Topic Index<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>Two <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeroflot\" >Aeroflot<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-134\" >Tupolev Tu-134s<\/a> collide over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine\" >Ukrainian<\/a> city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dniprodzerzhynsk\" >Dniprodzerzhynsk<\/a> and crash, killing all 178 aboard both airliners.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong>US vetoes proposed admission of North &amp; South Vietnam to UN.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1975 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Timor\" >East Timor<\/a>: Governor <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A1rio_Lemos_Pires\" >M\u00e1rio Lemos Pires<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_Timor\" >Portuguese Timor<\/a> abandons the capital <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dili\" >Dili<\/a>, following a coup by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timorese_Democratic_Union\" >Timorese Democratic Union<\/a> (UDT) and the outbreak of civil war between UDT and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revolutionary_Front_for_an_Independent_East_Timor\" >Fretilin<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_East_Timor\" >History of East Timor \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mtholyoke.edu\/~rgwhitma\/classweb2\/history%20and%20conflict.htm\" >History and Conflict in East Timor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.massviolence.org\/three-centuries-of-violence-and-struggle-in-east-timor-1726\" >Three centuries of violence and struggle in East Timor \u2013 (1726 \u2013 2008), by F\u00e9d\u00e9ric Durand \u2013 Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/fileadmin\/pdf\/Easttimor.pdf\" >East Timor \u2013 Indonesia (1975 \u2013 1999)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chomsky.info\/articles\/199910--02.htm\" >East Timor Questions &amp; Answers, by Stephen R. Shalom, Noam Chomsky, &amp; Michael Albert \u2013 Z magazine, October 1999<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-pacific-14952883\" >East Timor profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC News<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1973\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/american-graffiti-released\" >\u201cAmerican Graffiti\u201d released<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cinema13.net\/full.php?movie=0069704\" >Title: American Graffiti &#8211; Video Length 1 Hour 50 minutes Minutes &#8211; Quality: HD 1080p<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The last United States ground combat unit leaves <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/last-u-s-ground-combat-unit-departs-south-vietnam\" >Last US ground combat unit departs South Vietnam \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/unitedstates\/vietnam\/index-1969.html\" >Vietnam War \u2013 Bitter End (1969 \u2013 1975) \u2013 The History Place<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armchairgeneral.com\/last-us-combat-troops-in-vietnam.htm\" >Last US Combat Troops in Vietnam? ,by Steven Greaf \u2013 Armchair General<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fall_of_Saigon\" >Fall of Saigon \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fallofsaigon.org\/orig\/lastto.htm\" >The Last to Leave &#8211; MGySgt John J. Valdez Staff Non Commission Officer in charge American Embassy, Saigon, R. South Vietnam \u2013 FallOfSaigon.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/battlefieldvietnam\/timeline\/index4.html\" >Battlefield Timeline in Vietnam \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/7418180.stm\" >The last steam hauled train runs<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Rail\" >British Rail<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fifteen_Guinea_Special\" >\u201c<em>The 1T57 &#8216;Fifteen Guinea Special&#8217; was the last main-line passenger train to be hauled by steam locomotive power on British Railways on 11 August 1968<\/em>\u2026\u201d &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.steamlocomotives.org\/\" >Steam Trains of British Railways<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.e4training.com\/steam\/\" >History of Steam Engines<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=f-wloUC5lXs\" >YouTube video (1 min. 52 sec.): Last BR Steam 1968 vintage cine film on DVD<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/inventors.about.com\/library\/inventors\/blrailroad.htm\" >Online of Railway History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rail.co.uk\/locomotives-and-engines\/\" >Locomotives &amp; Engines \u2013 Rail.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>War and Trains:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Since this article, not only presenting historical and historic events in the chronological order in the general sense, is specifically prepared for the TMS addressing \u201cpeace\u201d, this section here below provides the readers with some information relating to railways, trains and war (and peace).<\/em><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SWQ7l7qsYg8\" >YouTube video (1 min. 54 sec.): Battlefield Railway System<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/IDEAS\/Projects\/coldWarStudies\/militarytrain.aspx\" >British Military Train 1945 \u2013 1990 \u2013 ISE.ac.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holocaust_train\" >Holocaust train \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.enghelberg.com\/ediciones\/trains_holocaust.htm\" >TRAINS OF HOLOCAUST \u2013 Enghelberg.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theholocaustexplained.org\/ks3\/the-final-solution\/auschwitz-birkenau\/transport-and-arrival\/#.VbJQI_mufX4\" >\u201c<em>The first trains carrying Jews arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau in March 1942. Often several trains arrived daily carrying Jews from almost every country in Europe<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 THE HOLOCAUSE EXPLAINED<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.krakow-info.com\/train2os.htm\" >Trains to and from Oswiecim (Auschwitz) leaving and coming to Krakow\u2019s central (Krakow Glowny) railroad station \u2013 Krakow-info.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10005445\" >GERMAN RAILWAYHS AND HOLOCAUST \u2013 Holocaust Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/pope-world-powers-did-nothing-as-jews-were-taken-to-auschwitz\/\" >Pope: Why didn\u2019t Allies bomb railways lines to Auschwitz? \u2013 Francis laments that world powers did nothing to save Jewish, Christians, gays from Nazi death camps \u2013 The Times of Israel<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.algemeiner.com\/2015\/06\/24\/jewish-group-thanks-pope-for-criticizing-great-powers-for-failing-to-intervene-during-the-holocaust-bomb-concentration-camp-routes\/\" >Jewish Group Thanks Pope for Recognizing Great Powers\u2019 Failure to Intervene During the Holocaust \u2013 Algemeiner.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britain-at-war.org.uk\/WW2\/Bristolian_Train_Driver\/\" >A Bristolian Train Driver Recalls WWII, by Marc Nussbaumer \u2013 Train Driver<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qaranc.co.uk\/ambulancetrains.php\" >Ambulance Trains <strong>&#8211; <\/strong>Information, history and photographs of the ambulance trains used during World War I and II by the British Forces<strong> \u2013 <\/strong>co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/search.yahoo.com\/search;_ylt=AhPf.rTzgAvGNvWaBswkoCibvZx4?p=refugee+trains+from+syria&amp;toggle=1&amp;cop=mss&amp;ei=UTF-8&amp;fr=yfp-t-322&amp;fp=1\" >Photo: Syrian and Afghan refugees\/migrants aboard a train, going to Serbia for their asylum<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/syrian-refugees-fleeing-strife-civil-war-pass-million\/story?id=32327149\" >its story \u2013 ABC News<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace_Train_Organisation\" >Peace Train Organisation &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong>Race riots (the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watts_Riots\" >Watts Riots<\/a>) begin in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watts,_Los_Angeles\" >Watts<\/a> area of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles\" >Los Angeles, California<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu\/encyclopedia\/encyclopedia\/enc_watts_rebellion_los_angeles_1965\/\" >\u201c<em>On Wednesday, 11 August 1965, Marquette Frye, a 21-year-old black man, was arrested for drunk driving on the edge of Los Angeles\u2019 Watts neighborhood. The ensuing struggle during his arrest sparked off 6 days of rioting, resulting in 34 deaths, over 1,000 injuries, nearly 4,000 arrests, and the destruction of property valued at $40 million<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/crdl.usg.edu\/events\/watts_riots\/?Welcome\" >Watts Riots \u2013 Civil Rights Digital Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/watts-riot-begins\" >Watts Riots begins \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.findingdulcinea.com\/news\/on-this-day\/July-August-08\/On-this-Day---Watts-Riots--Erupt-in-Los-Angeles.html\" >On This Day: Watts Riots Erupt in Los Angeles \u2013 FindingDulcinea.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/hueypnewton\/times\/times_watts.html\" >Watts Riots \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.detroits-great-rebellion.com\/Watts---1965.html\" >Watts \u2013 The Standard Bearer<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/aaw\/watts-rebellion-august-1965\" >Watts Rebellion (August 1965) \u2013 BlackPast.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States#1965\" >Mass racial violence in the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vostok_3\" >Vostok 3<\/a> launches from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baikonur_Cosmodrome\" >Baikonur Cosmodrome<\/a> and cosmonaut <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrian_Nikolayev\" >Andrian Nikolayev<\/a> becomes the first person to float in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Micro-g_environment\" >microgravity<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>The former Portuguese territories in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India\" >India<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dadra_DNH\" >Dadra<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nagar_Haveli_DNH\" >Nagar Haveli<\/a> are merged to create the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Union_Territory\" >Union Territory<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli\" >Dadra and Nagar Haveli<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chad\" >Chad<\/a> declares independence.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Chad\" >History of Chad \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/chad.html\" >Chad \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad40\" >History of Chad \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/chad\/history.html\" >History of Chard \u2013 MapsOfWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/Bo-Co\/Chad.html\" >Culture of Chad \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mongabay.com\/reference\/country_studies\/chad\/HISTORY.html\" >Chard \u2013 History \u2013 Mongabay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globaledge.msu.edu\/countries\/chad\/history\/\" >Chad: History \u2013 MSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sheremetyevo_International_Airport\" >Sheremetyevo International Airport<\/a>, the second-largest airport in Russia, opens.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hussein_of_Jordan\" >Hussein bin Talal<\/a> is proclaimed King of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jordan\" >Jordan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah\" >Muhammad Ali Jinnah<\/a>, founding father of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah%27s_11th_August_Speech\" >gives a speech<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constituent_Assembly_of_Pakistan\" >Constituent Assembly<\/a>, the contents and meaning of which remain contentious today.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>Poles in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Krak%C3%B3w\" >Krak\u00f3w<\/a> engage in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Krak%C3%B3w_pogrom\" >a pogrom<\/a> against Jews in the city, killing one and wounding five.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>Actress <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hedy_Lamarr\" >Hedy Lamarr<\/a> and composer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Antheil\" >George Antheil<\/a> receive a patent for a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frequency-hopping_spread_spectrum\" >Frequency-hopping spread spectrum<\/a> communication system that later became the basis for modern technologies in wireless telephones and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wi-Fi\" >Wi-Fi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1934\u00a0 <\/strong>The first civilian prisoners arrive at the Federal prison on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alcatraz_Island\" >Alcatraz Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvian%E2%80%93Soviet_Peace_Treaty\" >Latvian\u2013Soviet Peace Treaty<\/a>, which relinquished <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russia<\/a>&#8216;s authority and pretenses to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvia\" >Latvia<\/a>, is signed, ending the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvian_War_of_Independence\" >Latvian War of Independence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1919\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weimar_Constitution\" >constitution<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weimar_Republic\" >Weimar Republic<\/a> is adopted.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Amiens_%281918%29\" >Battle of Amiens<\/a> ends.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War\" >Spanish\u2013American War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >American<\/a> troops enter the city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mayag%C3%BCez,_Puerto_Rico\" >Mayag\u00fcez, Puerto Rico<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1858\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eiger\" >Eiger<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bernese_Alps\" >Bernese Alps<\/a> is ascended for the first time by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Barrington_%28mountaineer%29\" >Charles Barrington<\/a> accompanied by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_Almer\" >Christian Almer<\/a> and Peter Bohren.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1813\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombia\" >Colombia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_del_Corral\" >Juan del Corral<\/a> declares the independence of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antioquia\" >Antioquia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1812\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peninsular_War\" >Peninsular War<\/a>: French troops engage <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >British<\/a>&#8211;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portugal\" >Portuguese<\/a> forces in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Majadahonda\" >Battle of Majadahonda<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1804\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor\" >Francis II<\/a> assumes the title of first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emperor_of_Austria\" >Emperor of Austria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1786\u00a0 <\/strong>Captain <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Light\" >Francis Light<\/a> establishes the British colony of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penang\" >Penang<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia\" >Malaysia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>AUGUST 12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong>Sri Lanka&#8217;s foreign minister, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lakshman_Kadirgamar\" >Lakshman Kadirgamar<\/a>, is fatally shot by an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam\" >LTTE<\/a> sniper at his home.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>Mr. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lee_Hsien_Loong\" >Lee Hsien Loong<\/a> is sworn in as Singapore&#8217;s third <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore\" >Prime Minister<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globerove.com\/canada\/canadian-benefits-of-nafta\/2775\" >Canada<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/roomfordebate\/2013\/11\/24\/what-weve-learned-from-nafta\/under-nafta-mexico-suffered-and-the-united-states-felt-its-pain\" >Mexico<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncpa.org\/pub\/ba619\" >United States<\/a> announce completion of negotiations for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement\" >North American Free Trade Agreement<\/a> (NAFTA).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/od\/tradepolicy\/p\/NAFTA_History.htm\" >History of NAFTA \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/nation\/article\/0,8599,1868997,00.html\" >A Brief History of NAFTA \u2013 Time.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/od\/tradepolicy\/tp\/NAFTA_Facts.htm\" >Facts About NAFTA \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/trade\/naftas-economic-impact\/p15790\" >NAFTA\u2019s Economic Impact \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.naftanow.org\/\" >NAFTA \u2013 NAFTANow.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.citizen.org\/Page.aspx?pid=531\" >NAFTA at 20 \u2013 Citizen.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/n\/nafta.asp\" >North American Free Trade Agreement \u2013 NAFTA \u2013 Investopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sue_%28dinosaur%29\" >Sue<\/a>, the largest and most complete <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tyrannosaurus_Rex\" >Tyrannosaurus Rex<\/a><\/em> skeleton found to date, is discovered by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sue_Hendrickson\" >Sue Hendrickson<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Dakota\" >South Dakota<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan_Airlines_Flight_123\" >Japan Airlines Flight 123<\/a> crashes into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mount_Osutaka\" >Osutaka<\/a> ridge in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gunma_Prefecture\" >Gunma Prefecture<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a>, killing 520, to become the worst single-plane air disaster.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.airliners.net\/aviation-forums\/general_aviation\/read.main\/2269118\/\" >The Truth of JA123, Ever Going to Be Revealed? \u2013 Airliners.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.airdisaster.com\/cvr\/jal123tr.shtml\" >Cockpit Voice Recorder Transcription: Japan Airlines 123 \u2013 AirDisaster.com<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liveleak.com\/view?i=f73_1412431392\" >Japan Airlines Flight 123 crash (1985) Cockpit Voice Recorder \u2013 LiveLeak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexico\" >Mexico<\/a> announces that it is unable to pay its enormous external debt, marking the beginning of a debt crisis that spreads to all of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_America\" >Latin America<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_World\" >Third World<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IBM_Personal_Computer\" >IBM Personal Computer<\/a> is released.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_American_Integration_Association\" >Montevideo Treaty<\/a>, establishing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_American_Integration_Association\" >Latin American Integration Association<\/a>, is signed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Peace_and_Friendship_between_Japan_and_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China\" >Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People&#8217;s Republic of China<\/a> is signed.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/taiwandocuments.org\/beijing.htm\" >Text of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People\u2019s Republic of China, signed at Beijing, 12 August 1978, entered into force 23 October 1978<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9_of_the_Government_of_Japan_and_the_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China\" >Joint Communiqu\u00e9 of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People&#8217;s Republic of China<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\u2013Japan_relations\" >Sino-Japan relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>\u201cChina\u2013Japan Relationship\u201d <\/em><\/strong><strong>and<em> the United States:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/world\/2006-05\/29\/content_602335.htm\" >\u201c<em>When Kissinger learned that Tanaka <\/em>[Prime Minister of Japan, from 7 July, 1972 \u2013 9 December 1974, who established the diplomatic relations between China and Japan, before the United States established the diplomatic relations with China in 1979]<em> was to travel to China to establish diplomatic ties, he lividly reacted, \u2018Of all the treacherous sons of bitches, the Japs take the cake\u2019\u2026.Tanaka established diplomatic relations with China on September 29, 1972, a year after the United Nations expelled Taiwan\u2026Kissinger&#8217;s outburst against the Japanese is an example, confirmed by other documents, of his often difficult, sometimes antagonistic, relationship with Japan<\/em> \u201d \u2013 Kissinger called Japanese \u2018sons of bitches\u2019 \u2013 ChinaDaily.com.cn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newsmax.com\/Newsfront\/kissinger-japan-china-war\/2014\/02\/02\/id\/550377\/\" >Henry Kissinger: War Increasingly Likely between China and Japan \u2013 News Max \u2013 Independent. American. &#8211; 2 February 2014<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov\/library\/document\/0314\/1552858.pdf\" >MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION \u2013 Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka, Secretary of State Kissinger, et al. \u2013 November 19, 1974<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/japan\/okazakiohinterview.htm\" >\u201c<em>The Chinese played ping-pong in Tokyo and continued to play it in the U.S. I made the mistake of not realizing the importance of the \u2018Ping-Pong Diplomacy<\/em>.\u2019\u201d \u2013 Hisahiko Okazaki Oral History Interview<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB193\/index.htm\" >National Security Archive Publishes Digitized Set of 2,100 Henry Kissinger &#8220;Memcons&#8221; Recounting the Secret Diplomacy of the Nixon-Ford Era \u2013 The National Security Archive \u2013 GWU.edu<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/amex\/china\/peopleevents\/pande08.html\" >\u201c<em>The Chinese regarded the presence of American troops on Taiwan as a violation of China&#8217;s sovereignty and pressed for full U.S. military withdrawal from the island. \u2026the U.S. didn\u2019t establish full diplomatic relations with the PRC until 1979<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Nixon\u2019s China Game &#8211; org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/taiwan\/taiwan-relations-act\/p8454\" >Taiwan Relations Act \u2013 Council on Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/diplomacy-and-statecraft\/why-did-united-states-reestablish-diplomatic-relations-communist-states-like-china-vietnam\/p30749\" >\u201c<em>The restoration of U.S. ties with mainland China began with the famous Nixon visit to China in 1972 and concluded with formal renormalization in 1979. The renormalization happened primarily for strategic reasons<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Why did the United States reestablish diplomatic relations with communist states like China and Vietnam? \u2013 Council on Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/china\/history-declassified-nixon-china\/p7980\" >Transcript \u2013 History Declassified: Nixon in China \u2013 Council on Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>China\u2019s Foreign Policy:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/china\/\" >China \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_China\" >Foreign relations of China &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/afe.easia.columbia.edu\/special\/china_1950_forpol_principles.htm\" >Principles of China\u2019s Foreign Policy \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ajw.asahi.com\/article\/views\/opinion\/AJ201405140005\" >\u201cRestoring China\u2019s national pride is a primary concern for President Xi Jinping as he seeks to establish a &#8220;new type of great power relationship&#8221; with the United States, according to a scholar who influences Beijing\u2019s policy with Washington.\u201d \u2013 INTERVIW\/Yan Xuetong: \u2019Conflict control\u2019 is key to US-China relations in a bipolar world \u2013 Asahi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2013\/04\/23\/how-to-understand-chinas-foreign-policy\/\" >How to Understand China\u2019s Foreign Policy \u2013 ForeignPolicy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/china\/132.htm\" >China\u2019s foreign relations with Japan \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stimson.org\/images\/uploads\/research-pdfs\/burnspdf.pdf\" >China and Japan: Economic Partnership to Political Ends, by Katherine G. Burns \u2013 Stimson.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinausfocus.com\/foreign-policy\/\" >China \u2013 US Focus Digest \u2013 News archives<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/news-ians\/china-urges-japan-to-abide-by-peace-treaty-113081200964_1.html\" >China urges Japan to abide by peace treaty, August 12, 2013 \u2013 Business Standard<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ajw.asahi.com\/article\/views\/editorial\/AJ201310240033\" >EDITORIAL: Spirit of Japan-China peace and friendship treaty still relevant today \u2013 October 24, 2013 &#8211; Asahi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Japan\u2019s Foreign Policy:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/japan\/\" >Japan \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/policy\/index.html\" >Foreign Policy \u2013 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Japan\" >Foreign relations of Japan &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/japan\/131.htm\" >Foreign Policy Goals of Japan \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_policy_of_Japan\" >Foreign policy of Japan &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fusen_Ketsugi\" >Fusen Ketsugi \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/announce\/press\/pm\/murayama\/address9506.html\" >text of Fusen Ketsugi or the Resolution to Renew the Determination for Peace on the Basis of Lessons Learned from History \u2013 House of Representative, National Diet of Japan, June 9, 1995<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indiana.edu\/~hisdcl\/G369_2002\/japanese_imperialism.htm\" >Japanese imperialism \u2013 Indiana.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/japan\/japans-dynamic-defense-policy-china\/p23663\" >Japan\u2019s Dynamic Defense Policy and China, by Sheila A. Smith \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/china\/2013-03-01\/japans-cautious-hawks\" >Japan\u2019s Cautious Hawks, by Gerald Curtis: Why Tokyo Is Unlikely to Pursue an Aggressive Foreign Policy \u2013 Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/tag\/japan\/\" >Archives on Japan \u2013 Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>China \u2013 Japan Disputes:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/stream.wsj.com\/story\/china-japan-dispute\/SS-2-58300\/\" >China \u2013 Japan Dispute \u2013 The Wall Street Journal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Senkaku_Islands_dispute\" >Senkaku Islands dispute &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2014\/09\/japans-undemocratic-foreign-policy\/\" >\u201c<em>Beijing\u2019s desire for Japan to admit a dispute exist also gives Tokyo leverage which it could use to get concessions from China. Furthermore, acknowledging a dispute would give Chinese leaders a way to dial down tensions without losing face<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Japan\u2019s Undemocratic Foreign Policy \u2013 TheDiplomat.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/news\/international\/countriesandterritories\/china\/territorial-disputes\/index.html\" >China\u2019s territorial disputes \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 News archives<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2010\/09\/23\/AR2010092306861.html\" >Dispute with Japan highlights China\u2019s foreign-policy power struggle, by John Pomfret \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Security-Watch\/terrorism-security\/2015\/0723\/Japan-and-China-square-off-over-disputed-East-China-Sea-territory\" >Japan and China square off over disputed East China territory \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/2014\/07\/22\/racism-and-inferiority-complex-in-japans-current-foreign-policy-towards-china\/\" >Racism and Inferiority Complex in Japan\u2019s Current Foreign Policy towards China \u2013 Peter Baofu \u2013 July 22, 2014, Foreign Policy Journal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Security-Watch\/terrorism-security\/2015\/0723\/Japan-and-China-square-off-over-disputed-East-China-Sea-territory\" >Japan tears into China over island disputes \u2013 July 21, 2015 &#8211; Reuters<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2015\/07\/22\/us-china-japan-idUSKCN0PW02520150722\" >China calls Japan foreign policy \u2018two faced\u2019 &#8211; Reuters<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Japan\u2019s War Crimes in China: Japan\u2019s Apology and\/or Japan\u2019s Refusal of Apology? :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_war_crimes\" >Japanese war crimes \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Sino-Japanese_War\" >Second Sino-Japanese War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_war_apology_statements_issued_by_Japan\" >List of war apology statement issued by Japan &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/news\/world\/2005-04-22-japan-china_x.htm\" >China dismisses Japanese apology for war aggression \u2013 USAToday.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.china.org.cn\/world\/Off_the_Wire\/2015-07\/20\/content_36096295.htm\" >News Analysis: Analyst, book slam Japan\u2019s refusal to genuinely apologize World War Crimes \u2013 China.org.cn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/culture\/2015-07\/20\/content_21333750_2.htm\" >Japan\u2019s refusal to genuinely apologize for war crimes draws criticisms \u2013 ChinaDaily.com.cn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2013\/11\/why-are-japans-apologies-forgotten\/\" >Why Japan\u2019s Apologies Forgotten &#8211; Japan has in fact apologized repeatedly for its wartime past. So why haven\u2019t they resonated? \u2013 Robert Dujarric \u2013 TheDiplomat.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinasite.com\/JapanWarCrime.html\" >The Complete Reference to the Web Sites of Japanese War Crimes in World War II \u2013 ChinaSite.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.zzwave.com\/cmfweb\/wiihist\/\" >Remember Nanjing: December 1937 \u2013 February 1938 \u2013 ZZWave.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.news.com.au\/world\/japans-rising-worrisome-rhetoric-denying-its-world-war-ii-crimes-has-china-and-the-west-worried-about-its-new-ultranationalism\/story-fndir2ev-1226822379758\" >Japan\u2019s rising, worrisome rhetoric denying its World War II crimes has China and the West worried about its new ultranationalism \u2013 News.com.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ww2pacific.com\/unit731.html\" >Japanese Unit 731 \u2013 Biological Warfare Unit \u2013 WW2Pacific.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/chinadailymail.com\/2013\/05\/18\/japans-crimes-against-humanity-asian-comfort-women-of-wwii\/\" >Japan\u2019s crimes against humanity: Asian comfort women of WWII \u2013 China Daily Mail<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pacificwar.org.au\/JapWarCrimes\/Denying_truth.html\" >JAPAN&#8217;S REFUSAL TO ACKNOWLEDGE ITS WAR GUILT AND ATROCITIES \u2013 PacificWar.org.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pacificwar.org.au\/JapWarCrimes\/Cross-section_JapWarCrimes.html\" >A SMALL CROSS-SECTION OF JAPANESE WAR CRIMES \u2013 PacificWar.org.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/chinese-papers-run-confessions-of-japans-war-criminals--seven-decades-later\/2014\/07\/18\/9bc26c17-d807-41e5-bc7d-9d0baf49cc56_story.html\" >Chinese papers run confessions of Japan\u2019s war criminals \u2013 seven decades later \u2013 July 18, 2014 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historynet.com\/japanese-war-crime-trials.htm\" >Japanese War Crimes Trials \u2013 HistoryNet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1977_riots_in_Sri_Lanka\" >1977 riots in Sri Lanka<\/a>, targeting the minority <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lankan<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamil_people\" >Tamil people<\/a>, begin, less than a month after the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_National_Party\" >United National Party<\/a> came to power. Over 300 Tamils are killed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Approach_and_Landing_Tests\" >free flight<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise\" >Space Shuttle Enterprise<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong>Between 1,000 and 3,500 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_people\" >Palestinians<\/a> are killed in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tel_al-Zaatar_massacre\" >Tel al-Zaatar massacre<\/a>, one of the bloodiest events of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_Civil_War\" >Lebanese Civil War<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong>Violence erupts after the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apprentice_Boys_of_Derry\" >Apprentice Boys of Derry<\/a> march in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Derry\" >Derry, Northern Ireland<\/a>, United Kingdom resulting in a three-day communal riot known as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_Bogside\" >Battle of the Bogside<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Africa\" >South Africa<\/a> is banned from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olympic_Games\" >Olympic Games<\/a> due to the country&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid_in_South_Africa\" >racist policies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/august\/18\/newsid_3547000\/3547872.stm\" >1964: South Africa Banned from Olympics \u2013 On This Day &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid-era_South_Africa_and_the_Olympics\" >Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid\" >Apartheid &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-cs-students.stanford.edu\/~cale\/cs201\/apartheid.hist.html\" >History of Apartheid in South Africa \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jyu.fi\/viesti\/verkkotuotanto\/kp\/sa\/soc_racism.shtml\" >Racism and Apartheid \u2013 South Africa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racism_in_Africa\" >Racism in Africa &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/motherearthtravel.com\/history\/south-africa\/history-8.htm\" >History of South Africa \u2013 Segregation 1910 &#8211; 48 \u2013 Building the Legal Structure of Racial Discrimination \u2013 MotherEarthTravel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/12\/05\/apartheid-history-timeline-nelson-mandela-death-dies-dead_n_3424291.html\" >Apartheid History Timeline: On Nelson Mandela\u2019s Death, A Look Back At South Africa\u2019s Legacy Of Racism (PHOTOS) \u2013 The Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/race\/000_About\/002_04-background-02-01.htm\" >The Historical Origins and Development of Racism, by George M. Fredrickson \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/oct\/03\/south-africa-racism-black\" >Rethinking racism in South Africa \u2013 The Guardian<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.expatcapetown.com\/racism-in-south-africa.html\" >Racism in South Africa? \u2013 Expat Cape Town<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/csvr.org.za\/index.php\/media-articles\/latest-csvr-in-the-media\/2262-racism-still-a-threat-to-south-africas-democracy.html\" >Racism Still a Threat to South Africa Democracy, &#8211; Sinothile Msomi &amp; Westen Shilaho \u2013 CSVR.org.za<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/africa\/racism-outlives-mandela-in-rural-south-africa\/2013\/12\/14\/8567b786-633c-11e3-a373-0f9f2d1c2b61_story.html\" >Racism outlives Mandela in rural South Africa \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.relativityonline.com\/home\/racism-alive-and-well-in-south-africa\/\" >Racism Alive and Well in South Africa \u2013 RelativityOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_Echo\" >Echo 1A<\/a><\/em>, NASA&#8217;s first successful <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communications_satellite\" >communications satellite<\/a>, is launched.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Art_Kane\" >Art Kane<\/a> photographs 57 notable jazz musicians in the black and white group portrait &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Great_Day_in_Harlem_%28photograph%29\" >A Great Day in Harlem<\/a>&#8221; in front of a Brownstone in New York City.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong>The islands of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zakynthos\" >Zakynthos<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cephalonia\" >Kefalonia<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greece\" >Greece<\/a> are severely damaged by an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1953_Ionian_Earthquake\" >earthquake<\/a> measuring 7.3 on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richter_magnitude_scale\" >Richter scale<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_testing\" >Nuclear weapons testing<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project\" >Soviet atomic bomb project<\/a> continues with the detonation of <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joe_4\" >Joe 4<\/a><\/em>, the first Soviet <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermonuclear_weapon\" >thermonuclear weapon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/thermonuclear-bomb\" >Thermonuclear bomb \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ccnr.org\/Howard_Morland.html\" >How to Make an H-Bomb (or Thermonuclear bomb) \u2013 CCNR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/hydrogen-bomb.html\" >hydrogen bomb \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/nuclear-bomb.htm\" >How Nuclear Bombs Work \u2013 HowStuffWorks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/History\/hbomb\/page_14.shtml\" >The Soviets\u2019 \u201cJoe-4\u201d Bomb Makes its Mark \u2013 AtomicArchive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=r3l0G3XOUv4\" >YouTube video (54 sec.): Soviet Nuclear Testing &#8211; Joe 4<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >THE SOVIET UNIONS\u2019 NUCLEAR TESTING PROGRAMME &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Night_of_the_Murdered_Poets\" >Night of the Murdered Poets<\/a>: Thirteen prominent Jewish intellectuals are murdered in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moscow\" >Moscow, Russia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\" >Korean War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloody_Gulch_massacre\" >Bloody Gulch massacre<\/a>\u2014American POWs are massacred by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_People%27s_Army\" >North Korean Army<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/uk.news.yahoo.com\/on-this-day--north-koreans-kill-75-american-pows-in-bloody-gulch-massacre-163125481.html#s8rewCQ\" >On This Day: North Koreans kill 75 American POWs in Bloody Gulch massacre \u2013 On This Day<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Nevada_%28BB-36%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Nevada<\/em><\/a> is struck from the naval record.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alen%C3%A7on\" >Alen\u00e7on<\/a> is liberated by General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippe_Leclerc_de_Hauteclocque\" >Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque<\/a>, the first city in France to be liberated from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazism\" >Nazis<\/a> by French forces.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi German<\/a> troops end the week-long <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wola_massacre\" >Wola massacre<\/a>, during which time at least 40,000 people were killed indiscriminately or in mass executions.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1944\/8\/5\/wola-massacre\" >Wola massacre \u2013 World History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wola_Massacre_Memorial_on_G%C3%B3rczewska_Street\" >Wola Massacre Memorial on G\u00f3rczewska Street &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.strategic-culture.org\/news\/2015\/06\/08\/wola-massacre-that-how-it-was-i.html\" >Wola Massacre \u2013 That\u2019s How it Was! (I)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/community.worldheritage.org\/articles\/Wola_massacre\" >WOLA MASSACRE \u2013 WorldHeritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ovguide.com\/wola-massacre-9202a8c04000641f80000000045c61e2\" >Wola Massacre Video | Event Coverage and Interviews \u2013 OVGuide.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Waffen-SS\" >Waffen-SS<\/a> troops massacre 560 people in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sant%27Anna_di_Stazzema_massacre\" >Sant&#8217;Anna di Stazzema<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Haelen_%281914%29\" >Battle of Haelen<\/a> a.k.a. (Battle of the Silver Helmets) a clash between large Belgian and German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cavalry\" >cavalry<\/a> formations at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Halen\" >Halen<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgium\" >Belgium<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >United Kingdom<\/a> declares war on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary<\/a>; the countries of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Empire\" >British Empire<\/a> follow suit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_Hawaii\" >Hawaiian flag<\/a> is lowered from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CA%BBIolani_Palace\" >\u02bbIolani Palace<\/a> in an elaborate annexation ceremony and replaced with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_the_United_States\" >flag of the United States<\/a> to signify the transfer of sovereignty from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Hawaii\" >Republic of Hawaii<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Hawaii:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Hawaii\" >History of Hawaii \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/deephawaii.com\/hawaiianhistory.htm\" >A brief history of Hawaii AD 300 \u2013 1900 \u2013 Hawaiian History \u2013 DeepHawaii.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/us-states\/hawaii\" >HAWAII \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gohawaii.com\/en\/statewide\/travel-tips\/history\/\" >Hawaii History \u2013 The Hawaiian Islands \u2013 GoHawaii.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hawaii-inns.com\/history\/#6\/14\/1900\" >HISTORY OF HAWAII \u2013 Hawaii-Inns.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hawaiianhistory.org\/library-2\/\" >The Library of the Hawaiian Historical Society<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>The Annexation of Hawaii with the United States:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/future.state.gov\/when\/timeline\/1866_timeline\/annex_hawaii.html\" >ANNEXATION OF HAWAII \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Territory_of_Hawaii#Annexation\" >Annexation &#8211; Territory of Hawaii &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushistory.org\/us\/44b.asp\" > Hawaiian Annexation \u2013 USHistory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hawaiiforvisitors.com\/about\/annexation.htm\" >United States Annexation of Hawaii \u2013 Hawaii for Visitors<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalhistory.uh.edu\/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&amp;psid=3159\" >The Annexation of Hawaii \u2013 Digital History \u2013 UH.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/education\/lessons\/hawaii-petition\/\" >Teaching With Documents: The 1987 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii \u2013 National Archives<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong>An Armistice ends the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War\" >Spanish\u2013American War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1883\u00a0 <\/strong>The last <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quagga\" >quagga<\/a> dies at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natura_Artis_Magistra\" >Artis Magistra zoo<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amsterdam\" >Amsterdam<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netherlands\" >Netherlands<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1877\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asaph_Hall\" >Asaph Hall<\/a> discovers the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars\" >Mars<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natural_satellite\" >moon<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deimos_%28moon%29\" >Deimos<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1851\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Singer\" >Isaac Singer<\/a> is granted a patent for his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sewing_machine\" >sewing machine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1831\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >French<\/a> intervention forces <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_I_of_the_Netherlands\" >William I of the Netherlands<\/a> to abandon <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ten_Days%27_Campaign\" >his attempt<\/a> to suppress the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgian_Revolution\" >Belgian Revolution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1806\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Santiago_de_Liniers,_1st_Count_of_Buenos_Aires\" >Santiago de Liniers, 1st Count of Buenos Aires<\/a> re-takes the city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires\" >Buenos Aires<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentina\" >Argentina<\/a> after the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_invasions_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata\" >first British invasion<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1793\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rh%C3%B4ne_%28department%29\" >Rh\u00f4ne<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loire_%28department%29\" >Loire<\/a> <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Departments_of_France\" >d\u00e9partments<\/a><\/em> are created when the former <em>d\u00e9partement<\/em> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rh%C3%B4ne-et-Loire\" >Rh\u00f4ne-et-Loire<\/a> is split into two.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1765\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Allahabad\" >Treaty of Allahabad<\/a> is signed. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Company_rule_in_India\" >Company rule in India<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1687\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs_%281687%29\" >Battle of Moh\u00e1cs<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_V,_Duke_of_Lorraine\" >Charles of Lorraine<\/a> defeats the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>AUGUST 13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/events\/2014\/august_13_2014_400374.html\" >2014\u00a0 US air strikes, in combination with Kurdish forces<\/a><\/strong>, pushed back an assault by Islamic State militants upon Yazidi minorities trapped on Mt. Sinjar in Iraq; the action allowed thousands to escape.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2723743\/Cameron-set-arrive-Britain-today-amid-mounting-anger-left-lunch-Iraq-burned.html\" >The moment RAF jet dropped aid packages for trapped Yazidis: US and UK air drops hailed a success which \u2018broke the Islamic State siege\u2019 \u2013 Daily Mail<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/uk.reuters.com\/article\/2014\/08\/18\/uk-iraq-security-yazidis-idUKKBN0GI1QE20140818\" >Yazidis haunted by cries for help as militants bury victims alive &#8211; Reuters<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MV_Sun_Sea_incident\" >MV <em>Sun Sea<\/em><\/a> docks in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CFB_Esquimalt\" >CFB Esquimalt<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Columbia\" >British Columbia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canada<\/a>, carrying 492 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_people\" >Sri Lankan Tamils<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2008_South_Ossetia_war\" >South Ossetian War<\/a>: Russian units <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Occupation_of_Gori\" >occupy<\/a> the Georgian city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gori,_Georgia\" >Gori<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>One hundred fifty-six <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Congolese<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tutsi\" >Tutsi<\/a> refugees are massacred at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gatumba\" >Gatumba<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Refugee_camp\" >refugee camp<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burundi\" >Burundi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>One hundred fifty <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_people\" >Palestinians<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beirut\" >Beirut<\/a> are <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tel_al-Zaatar_massacre\" >killed<\/a> in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_terrorist_incidents\" >terrorist attack<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_Civil_War#Second_phase_of_the_war.2C_1977-82\" >second phase<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_Civil_War\" >Lebanese Civil War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>Members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Front_%28United_Kingdom%29\" >British National Front<\/a> (NF) <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Lewisham\" >clash<\/a> with anti-NF demonstrators in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lewisham\" >Lewisham<\/a>, London, resulting in 214 arrests and at least 111 injuries.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong>The <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_11\" >Apollo 11<\/a><\/em> astronauts are released from a three-week <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quarantine\" >quarantine<\/a> to enjoy a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ticker_tape_parade\" >ticker tape parade<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City\" >New York, New York<\/a>. That evening, at a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_dinner\" >state dinner<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles\" >Los Angeles, California<\/a>, they are awarded the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom\" >Presidential Medal of Freedom<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >US President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandros_Panagoulis\" >Alexandros Panagoulis<\/a> attempts to assassinate the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greece\" >Greek<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974\" >dictator<\/a> Colonel <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georgios_Papadopoulos\" >Georgios Papadopoulos<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varkiza\" >Varkiza<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Athens\" >Athens<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong>Peter Allen and Gwynne Evans are hanged for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_John_Alan_West\" >Murder of John Alan West<\/a> becoming the last people <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_Kingdom\" >executed in the United Kingdom<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East Germany<\/a> closes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin_Wall\" >border between the eastern and western sectors<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin\" >Berlin<\/a> to thwart its inhabitants&#8217; attempts to escape to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_world\" >West<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_African_Republic\" >Central African Republic<\/a> declares independence from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Central_African_Republic\" >History of Central African Republic \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/central-african-republic.html\" >Central African Republic \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/central-african-republic\/history\" >Central African Republic \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factmonster.com\/country\/central-african-republic.html\" >Central African Republic \u2013 FactMonster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globaledge.msu.edu\/countries\/central-african-republic\/history\/\" >Central African Republic \u2013 History \u2013 Global Edge \u2013 MSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13150044\" >Central African Republic profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC News<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan_Broadcasting_Corporation\" >Radio Pakistan<\/a> broadcasts the &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qaum%C4%AB_Tar%C4%81na\" >Qaum\u012b Tar\u0101na<\/a>&#8220;, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_anthem\" >national anthem<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a> for the first time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>Major General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eugene_Reybold\" >Eugene Reybold<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers\" >U.S. Army Corps of Engineers<\/a> authorizes the construction of facilities that would house the &#8220;Development of Substitute Materials&#8221; project, better known as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan_Project\" >Manhattan Project<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1937\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Shanghai\" >Battle of Shanghai<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.warhistoryonline.com\/war-articles\/1937-battle-shanghai-japans-brutal-attack-china.html\" >1937 Battle of Shanghai, Japan\u2019s Brutal Attack on China \u2013 WarHistoryOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldlibrary.org\/articles\/Battle_of_Shanghai\" >BATTEL OF SHANGHEI \u2013 WorldLibrary.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2db.com\/battle_spec.php?battle_id=85\" >Second Battle of Shanghai: 13 August 1937 \u2013 9 November 1937, by C. Peter Chen<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/scribol.com\/anthropology-and-history\/the-battle-of-shanghai-japans-1937-onslaught-on-china\" >The Battle of Shanghai: Japan\u2019s 1937 Onslaught on China \u2013 Scribol.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwar-two.net\/events\/battle-of-shanghai\/\" >Battle of Shanghai \u2013 World War Two<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/images.search.yahoo.com\/search\/images;_ylt=A0LEV2Aa07NVQWoApexXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTEyYWY4aDF1BGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjAyODJfMQRzZWMDc2M-?p=Battle+of+Shanghai&amp;fr=yfp-t-304-s\" >Photographs of Battle of Shanghai<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War\" >Polish\u2013Soviet War<\/a>: the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Warsaw_%281920%29\" >Battle of Warsaw<\/a> begins and will last till <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_25\" >August 25<\/a>. The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Army\" >Red Army<\/a> is defeated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bmwdrives.com\/bmw-history.php\" >&#8220;Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH&#8221; becomes BMW AG<\/a><\/strong> The German term Aktiengesellschaft means a corporation, a \u201cpublic company\u201d equivalent to the US term, which is limited by shares, i.e., owned by shareholders. It may be traded on the stock market. The term is used in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW\" >History of BMW \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bmwdrives.com\/bmw-history.php\" >BMW history \u2013 BMW in the 1910s \u2013 the beginning \u2013 BMWDrives.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong>Women enlist in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >United States Marine Corps<\/a> for the first time. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Opha_Mae_Johnson\" >Opha Mae Johnson<\/a> is the first woman to enlist.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Women Marines:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.womenmarines.org\/%28X%281%29A%28tCH5wY_L0AEkAAAAMDM4NzI5NzItZTlhMS00NWQ4LWE3MzEtNWUxYjY3MWQ2NTE1IUyJW3PtaLyvQe2EwTJHsXC1J2M1%29%29\/wm_history.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1\" >HISTORY OF THE WOMEN MARINES \u2013 WomenMarines.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com\/~uscnrotc\/Alumni-USMC\/mhistory\/m-women-60.htm\" >\u201c<em>The first women officially served in the Marine Corps during World War I. In 1917, with countless young men volunteering for the Armed Forces, the labor potential of women became important for the first time in U.S. history. Pvt. Opha Mae Johnson became the first woman to enlist in the Marine Corps Reserve Aug. 13, 1918<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 USC SemperFi Society<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps_Women%27s_Reserve#Chronology\" >Chronology &#8211; United States Marine Corps Women\u2019s Reserve &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.military.com\/daily-news\/2013\/11\/21\/female-marines-make-history-at-infantry-training.html\" >Female Marines Make History at Infantry Training \u2013 Military.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Pros and Cons of Women in Combat, and Other Pertinent Issues on Women in Military, including Gender Equality in Military:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sistersinarms.ca\/history\/women-in-combat-pros-and-cons\/\" >WOMEN IN COMBAT PROS AND CONS \u2013 SistersInArms.ca<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thewire.com\/politics\/2010\/02\/pros-and-cons-of-allowing-women-in-combat-roles\/25482\/\" >Pros and Cons Allowing Women in Combat Roles \u2013 Heather Horn \u2013 TheWire.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/womenmilitaryproblems.wordpress.com\/\" >PROBLEMS: WOMEN IN THE MILITARY \u2013 A COLLECTION OF INTERVIEWS, PHOTOS, AND ARTICLES THAT SUM UP WHY WOMEN IN THE MILITARY CONTINUE TO FACE SUCH UNEQUAL HARDSHIPS.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/defense\/313319-psychological-issues-top-militarys-concerns-over-women-in-combat-\" >Psychological issues top military\u2019s concerns over women in combat \u2013 TheHill.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/01\/23\/pregnant-military-unplanned-women_n_2534873.html\" >Unplanned Pregnancies Among Women In Military High, Rising, by Catherine Pearson \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/womensissues.about.com\/od\/intheworkplace\/a\/MilitaryWomen.htm\" >Military Women \u2013 Facts About Military Women and Women Veterans in the US \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.army.mil\/article\/134176\/Doc_gives_candid_talk_on_women_s_issues_in_military\/\" >Doc gives candid talk on women\u2019s issues in military, by David Vergun \u2013 THE OFFICIAL HOMEPAGE OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/studies\/society\/gender-society\/women-military-research-roundup\" >Women in the US military and combat roles: Research roundup \u2013 Journalist\u2019s Resource<\/a>s<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/politicalanimalblog.com\/2013\/01\/25\/the-problem-of-women-in-combat\/\" >The Problem(s) of Women in Combat, by Jude Eden, Jane of Trades \u2013 Political Animal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.westernjournalism.com\/the-problems-of-women-in-combat-from-a-female-combat-vet\/\" >The Problems of Women in Combat \u2013 From a Female Combat Vet \u2013 WesternJournalism.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.westernjournalism.com\/the-problems-of-women-in-combat-part-2\/\" >The Problems of Women in Combat \u2013 Part 2 \u2013 WesternJournalism.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nation.time.com\/2013\/01\/28\/american-amazons-hiding-in-plain-jane-sight\/\" >\u201c<em>\u2019Over more than a decade of war,\u2019 Defense Secretary Leon Panetta said, before lifting the ban by scrawling his name across the bottom of a two-page order, \u2018they have demonstrated courage and skill and patriotism.\u2019<\/em>\u201d &#8211; Amazons: Hiding in Plane-Jane Sight &#8211; TIME<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cracked.com\/personal-experiences-1244-5-shockingly-outdated-problems-women-in-military-face.html\" >5 Shockingly Outdated Problems Women in the Military Face, by J.F. Sargent Donna Noble, Sara Ohlms<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.articlemyriad.com\/contemporary-issues-facing-women-military\/\" >Contemporary Issues Facing Women in the Military \u2013 ArticleMyriad.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/WomenintheMilitary\" >Gender Equality in Military \u2013 SEESAC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dailycaller.com\/2014\/01\/05\/gender-equality-a-double-standard-for-women-in-the-military\/\" >Gender equality? A double standard for women in the military, by Amber Smith \u2013 DailyCaller.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/jia.sipa.columbia.edu\/online-articles\/few-good-women-gender-inclusion-united-states-military\/\" >A Few Good (Wo)men: Gender Inclusion in the United States Military \u2013 November 18, 2013 \u2013 Journal of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/atwar.blogs.nytimes.com\/2012\/01\/31\/fighting-for-gender-equality-on-the-battlefield\/?_r=0\" >Fighting for Gender Equality in the Battle Field, by Steve Griffin \u2013 January 31, 2012 \u2013 At War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.redstate.com\/diary\/kimberly_ross\/2015\/04\/10\/gender-equality-military\/\" >Gender Equality in Military, by Kimberly Ross (Diary) \u2013 April 10, 2015 \u2013 Red State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/the-hero-project\/articles\/2014\/01\/07\/lowering-standards-for-female-marines-is-not-gender-equality.html\" >Lowering Standards for Female Marines Is Not Gender Equality \u2013 TheDailyBeast.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.post-gazette.com\/news\/nation\/2008\/10\/14\/Full-gender-equality-still-an-issue-for-the-military\/stories\/200810140185\" >Full gender equality is still an issue for the military, by Jerome L. Sherman \u2013 Post-Gazette.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2013-01-3qs-gender-equality-military.html\" >3Qs: Gender equality in the military \u2013 Phys.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Women and Conscientious Objectors:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wri-irg.org\/system\/files\/WomenAndConscientiousObjection-AnAnthology.pdf\" >WOMEN AND CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS: AN ANTHOLOGY, edited by Ellen Elster and Majken Jul S\u00f8rensen, prefaced by Cynthia Enloe<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1092813\" >Equality with a Vengeance \u2013 Female Conscientious Objectors in Pursuit of a \u2018Voice\u2019 and Substantive Gender Equality, by Noya Rimalt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scribd.com\/doc\/23013862\/Conscientious-Objectors-Female-Authors-Who-Consciously-Oppose-the-Idealized-Woman-Stereotype#scribd\" >Conscientious Objectors: Female Authors Who Consciously Oppose the Idealized Women Stereo Type \u2013 Anthony Owens (2009)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/peace.maripo.com\/p_co.htm\" >Monuments Related to Pacifists, Conscientious Objectors &amp; War Resisters \u2013 Peace.Maripo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/pov\/soldiersofconscience\/special_background.php\" >Backgrounder: Soldiers at War \u2013 History of Conscientious Objectors in the United States \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.military.com\/NewContent\/0,13190,Gomulka_Objectors,00.html\" >Conscientious Objectors or Cowards? By Captain Gene Thomas Gomulka \u2013 military.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong>First production in the UK of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stainless_steel\" >stainless steel<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_Brearley\" >Harry Brearley<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_Witte\" >Otto Witte<\/a>, an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acrobatics\" >acrobat<\/a>, is purportedly crowned King of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albania\" >Albania<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong>The all black infantrymen of the U.S. Army&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/25th_Infantry_Regiment_%28United_States%29\" >25th Infantry Regiment<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brownsville_Affair\" >are accused<\/a> of killing a white bartender and wounding a white police officer in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brownsville,_Texas\" >Brownsville, Texas<\/a>, despite exculpatory evidence; all are later dishonorably discharged.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carl_Gustav_Witt\" >Carl Gustav Witt<\/a> discovers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/433_Eros\" >433 Eros<\/a>, the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Near-Earth_object#Near-Earth_asteroids\" >near-Earth asteroid<\/a> to be found.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War\" >Spanish\u2013American War<\/a>: Spanish and American forces engaged in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Manila_%281898%29\" >mock battle<\/a> for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manila\" >Manila<\/a>, after which the Spanish commander surrendered in order to keep the city out of Filipino rebel hands.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1868\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1868_Arica_earthquake\" >massive earthquake<\/a> near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arica\" >Arica<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peru\" >Peru<\/a>, causes an estimated 25,000 casualties, and the subsequent <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsunami\" >tsunami<\/a> causes considerable damage as far away as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawaii\" >Hawaii<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand\" >New Zealand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1831\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nat_Turner\" >Nat Turner<\/a> sees a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar_eclipse\" >solar eclipse<\/a>, which he believes is a sign from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/God_in_Christianity\" >God<\/a>. Eight days later he and 70 other slaves kill approximately 55 whites in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southampton_County,_Virginia\" >Southampton County, Virginia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1814\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814\" >Convention of London<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty\" >treaty<\/a> between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >United Kingdom<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_Republic\" >United Provinces<\/a>, is signed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London\" >London, England<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1806\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Mi%C5%A1ar\" >Battle of Mi\u0161ar<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbian_Revolution\" >Serbian Revolution<\/a> begins. The battle will end two days later, with a decisive Serbian victory over the Ottomans.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1792\u00a0 <\/strong>King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_XVI_of_France\" >Louis XVI of France<\/a> is formally arrested by the National Tribunal, and declared an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enemy_of_the_people\" >enemy of the people<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1704\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession\" >War of the Spanish Succession<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Blenheim\" >Battle of Blenheim<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_England\" >English<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_Roman_Empire\" >Imperial<\/a> forces are victorious over <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_France\" >French<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electorate_of_Bavaria\" >Bavarian<\/a> troops.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>AUGUST 14<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/library\/news\/iraq\/2014\/iraq-140814-unnews01.htm\" >2014\u00a0 UN declares Iraq \u2018Level 3 Emergency\u2019 to trigger more resources, speed up aid delivery.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ictemergency.wfp.org\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=c025cb98-2297-4208-bcc6-76ba02719c02&amp;groupId=10844\" >Security Level System (SLS) of the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/psm.du.edu\/media\/documents\/international_regulation\/united_nations\/other\/un_field_security_handbook.pdf\" >UNITED NATIONS FIELD SECURITY HANDBOOK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/staffdevelopment\/viewPage.asp?selMenu=2011_chapter_204.asp&amp;page=204\" >Safety and Security Learning Programme \u2013 United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/publications\/Planning%20Toolkit_Web%20Version.pdf\" >PLANNING TOOL KIT for the UN Field Mission<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a> declares a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_of_emergency\" >state of emergency<\/a> as security forces <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_2013_Egyptian_raids\" >kill hundreds of demonstrators<\/a> supporting former president <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohamed_Morsi\" >Mohamed Morsi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong>The first-ever <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_Olympic_Games\" >Youth Olympic Games<\/a> are held in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore\" >Singapore<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2007_Yazidi_communities_bombings\" >Kahtaniya bombings<\/a> kills at least 796 people.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chencholai_bombing\" >Chencholai bombing<\/a>: Sixty-one Sri Lankan Tamils are killed in a Sri Lankan Air force bombing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>Greek Cypriot refugee <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solomos_Solomou\" >Solomos Solomou<\/a> is murdered by Turkish forces while trying to climb a flagpole in order to remove a Turkish flag from its mast in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Buffer_Zone_in_Cyprus\" >United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>Ilich Ram\u00edrez S\u00e1nchez, also known as &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carlos_the_Jackal\" >Carlos the Jackal<\/a>&#8220;, is captured.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong>Pakistani opposition leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/people\/benazir-bhutto\" >Benazir Bhutto<\/a> arrested.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa\" >Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa<\/a> leads strikes at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gda%C5%84sk\" >Gda\u0144sk<\/a>, Poland shipyards.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/massive-labor-strikes-hit-poland\" >Massive labor strikes hit Poland \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu\/content\/polish-workers-general-strike-economic-rights-1980\" >Polish workers general strike for their economic rights, 1980 \u2013 Global Nonviolent Action Database<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Solidarity\" >History of Solidarity \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/august\/14\/newsid_2802000\/2802553.stm\" >1980: Shipyard Poles strike for their rights \u2013 On This Day \u2013 14 August &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1983\/walesa-bio.html\" >Lech Walesa \u2013 Biographical \u2013 Nobelprize.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historyguide.org\/europe\/walesa.html\" >Lech Walesa \u2013 The History Guide<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thestar.com\/news\/world\/2014\/01\/27\/gdansk_shipyard_sinking_from_freedom_to_failure.html\" >\u201c<em>The Gdansk shipyard, the heart of the Solidarity movement that grew into a revolution and toppled European communism, is not what it once was\u2026. It is ironic that the new Poland and free-market economics, the very thing for which Solidarity fought, are responsible for the shipyard\u2019s demise<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Gdansk shipyard sinking from freedom to failure \u2013 27 January 2014 &#8211; TheStar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong>The second <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus\" >Turkish invasion of Cyprus<\/a> begins; 140,000 to 200,000 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_Cypriots\" >Greek Cypriots<\/a> become refugees. Around 6,000 massacred, 1,619 missing.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_events_in_Cyprus,_1974\" >Timeline of events in Cyprus, 1974 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_operations_during_the_Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus\" >Military operations during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cyprusnet.com\/content.php?article_id=2794&amp;subject=standalone\" >Turkish invasion and Cyprus occupation \u2013 Cyprusnet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/agora-dialogue.com\/2014\/08\/14\/2nd-turkish-invation-of-cyprus-14-august-1974-less-we-forget-the-horrors\/\" >2<sup>nd<\/sup> Turkish Invasion Of Cyprus \u2013 14 August 1974 ( Lest We Forget The Horrors) \u2013 Agora-Dialgue.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/jul\/06\/turkish-invasion-divided-cyprus-40-years-on-eyewitness-greek-cypriot-family\" >Cyprus divided: 40 years on, a family recalls how the island torn apart \u2013 July 6, 2014 &#8211; TheGuaridan.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/inhostage.com\/html.html\" >\u201c<em>During the second phase of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus (14<sup>th<\/sup> of August 1974), the Messaoria plain was overrun by Turkish tanks and in two days the Turkish army was in Famagusta<\/em>.\u201d\u2013 InHostage.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/greece.greekreporter.com\/2014\/07\/20\/shocking-photos-for-40-year-anniversary-of-turkish-invasion-of-cyprus\/\" >Shocking Photos for 40-Year Anniversary of Turkish Invasion of Cyprus \u2013 Timeline of a Crisis \u2013 July 20, 2014 &#8211; Greece.GreekReporter.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974<\/strong>\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>US ends <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rabble.ca\/toolkit\/on-this-day\/us-secret-bombing-cambodia\" >secret bombing of Cambodia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/thesecretbombingofcambodia\/introduction\" >The Secret Bombing of Cambodia \u2013 Nixon\u2019s Fatal Decision<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yale.edu\/cgp\/Walrus_CambodiaBombing_OCT06.pdf\" >Bombs Over Cambodia \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/faculty.headroyce.org\/~us2001\/courtneyj\/\" >The United States\u2019 Secret Bombing of Cambodia \u2013 HeadRoyce.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thirdworldtraveler.com\/American_Empire\/Nixon_Cambodia_LFE.html\" >President Richard Nixon, Henry Kissinger, and the Bombing of Cambodia \u2013 ThirdWorldTraveler.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/refugee\/war_cambodia.html\" >Refugee: War &amp; Cambodia \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ohiohistorycentral.org\/w\/Bombing_of_Cambodia?rec=1611\" >Bombing of Cambodia \u2013 Ohio History Central<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodian_Campaign\" >Cambodian Campaign \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodian_Campaign\" >Operation Menu &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Pakistan\" >Pakistan Constitution of 1973<\/a> comes into effect.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historypak.com\/the-constitution-of-1973\/\" >Pakistan: Constitution of 1973 \u2013 HistoryPak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pakistanconstitutionlaw.com\/\" >Text of the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan of 1973<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pakistani.org\/pakistan\/constitution\/\" >Text of the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan (the latest version)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East German<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ilyushin_Il-62\" >Ilyushin Il-62<\/a> crashes during takeoff from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Berlin\" >East Berlin<\/a>, killing 156.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bahrain\" >Bahrain<\/a> declares independence as the State of Bahrain.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Bahrain\" >History of Bahrain \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bahrain.com\/en\/About-Bahrain\/Pages\/History.aspx#.VbZrO_mufX4\" >Bahrain History \u2013 Bahrain.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/bahrain.html\" >Bahrain \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/bahrain\/history\" >Bahrain \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oocities.org\/welcome2bhr\/history.html\" >History of Bahrain<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thebahrainpropertysite.com\/bahraininfo.html\" >A Brief History of Bahrain \u2013 TheBahrainPropertySite.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globaledge.msu.edu\/countries\/bahrain\/history\/\" >Bahrain: History \u2013 Global Edge \u2013 MSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.country-data.com\/cgi-bin\/query\/r-1021.html\" >Bahrain \u2013 INDEPENDECE \u2013 Country-Data.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/berkleycenter.georgetown.edu\/essays\/bahrain-independence\" >Bahrain: Independence \u2013 Georgetown.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Banner\" >Operation Banner<\/a>: British troops are deployed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland\" >Northern Ireland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong>UK <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marine,_%26c.,_Broadcasting_%28Offences%29_Act_1967\" >Marine Broadcasting Offences Act<\/a> declares participation in offshore <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pirate_radio\" >pirate radio<\/a> illegal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>1st US lunar orbiter begins orbiting Moon.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong>Military coup under colonel Sami Hinnawi in Syria.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a> gains <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan_Movement\" >Independence<\/a> from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Empire\" >British Empire<\/a> and joins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commonwealth_of_Nations\" >Commonwealth of Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Pakistan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Pakistan\" >History of Pakistan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/pakistan.html\" >Pakistan \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pakistan4ever.com\/pakistan_history\/history.php\" >History of Pakistan &#8211; British Rule and Muslim League \u2013 Pakistan4ever.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/storyofpakistan.com\/\" >Story of Pakistan \u2013 StoryOfPakistan.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/pakistan\/p\/PakistanProf.htm\" >Pakistan | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/infopak.gov.pk\/History.aspx\" >PAKISTAN \u2013 HISTORY \u2013 CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER \u2013 Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Information<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.personal.kent.edu\/~rmuhamma\/Personal\/Pakistan\/PakHistory\/timeLinePak.htm\" >Quick History of Pakistan \u2013 Kent.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Independence of Pakistan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/pakistan\/55.htm\" >Independence \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/pakistan\/14.htm\" >INDEPENDENT PAKISTAN \u2013 Problems at Independence \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/he.com.pk\/pakistan\/independence-day-of-pakistan-speech-and-essay\/\" >Independence Day of Pakistan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/modern\/partition1947_01.shtml\" >\u201c<em>The agreement to divide colonial India into two separate states &#8211; one with a Muslim majority (Pakistan) and the other with a Hindu majority (India) is commonly seen as the outcome of conflict between the nations&#8217; elites<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The Hidden Story of Partition and its Legacies &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pakistanpaedia.com\/hist\/hist3.html\" >Pakistan Paedia \u2013 Its all about Pakistan &#8211; STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.david-kilgour.com\/mp\/pakista2.htm\" >Pakistan Independence \u2013 David-Kilgour.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scribd.com\/doc\/41682755\/The-Role-of-Two-Nation-Theory-in-the-Independence-of-Pakistan#scribd\" >The Role of Two Nations Theory in the Independence of Pakistan \u2013 SCRIBD.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viet_Minh\" >Viet Minh<\/a> launches <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_Revolution\" >August Revolution<\/a> amid the political confusion and power vacuum engulfing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\" >Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>Japan accepts the Allied <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender\" >terms of surrender<\/a> in World War II and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emperor_of_Japan\" >Emperor<\/a> records the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gyokuon-h%C5%8Ds%C5%8D\" >Imperial Rescript on Surrender<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_15\" >August 15<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan_Standard_Time\" >Japan Standard Time<\/a>). <em>See also the entries of <strong>AUGUST 10<\/strong> and <strong>15, 1945<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winston_Churchill\" >Winston Churchill<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a> sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantic_Charter\" >Atlantic Charter<\/a> of war stating postwar aims.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/06\/this-week-in-history-29\/\" ><em>Visit the section of <\/em><strong>Atlantic Charter of 1941<\/strong>, <em>in the entry of<\/em> <strong>1945 United Nations Charter is signed in San Francisco<\/strong><em>, the date of<\/em> <strong>JUNE 26<\/strong>, <strong>This Week in History June 22 \u2013 28<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1937-1945\/atlantic-conf\" >The Atlantic Conference &amp; Charter, 1941 \u2013 Office of the Historian<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/americanhistory.about.com\/od\/worldwarii\/a\/atlantic_charte.htm\" >Atlantic Charter, by Martin Kelly \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/militarystrategies\/p\/atlanticcharter.htm\" >World War II: Atlantic Charter, by Kennedy Hickman \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/atlantic-charter\" >ATLANTIC CHARTER \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/aboutun\/history\/atlantic_charter.shtml\" >The Atlantic Charter \u2013 History of the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1937\u00a0 <\/strong>Chinese Air Force Day: The beginning of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_combat_manoeuvring\" >air-to-air combat<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Sino-Japanese_War\" >Second Sino-Japanese War<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a> in general, when six Imperial Japanese <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitsubishi_G3M\" >Mitsubishi G3M<\/a> bombers are shot down by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_China_Air_Force\" >Nationalist Chinese Air Force<\/a> while raiding Chinese air bases.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.earnshaw.com\/shanghai-ed-india\/tales\/t-bombs.htm\" >Tales of Old Shanghai \u2013 Events \u2013 20<sup>th<\/sup> Century<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Development_of_Chinese_Nationalist_air_force_%281937%E2%80%9345%29\" >Development of the Chinese Nationalist air force (1937 \u2013 45) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.warbirdforum.com\/cafhist.htm\" >\u201c<em>In order to understand how the war began, we should all look back on August 14, 1937 when everything started in Shanghai<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 70<sup>th<\/sup> Anniversary of the Chinese Air Force Day \u2013 Fly Boys of the Generalissimo, by Samuel Hui<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rainey_Bethea\" >Rainey Bethea<\/a> is hanged in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Owensboro,_Kentucky\" >Owensboro, Kentucky<\/a> in the last public <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States\" >execution in the United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_execution\" >Public execution \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gjs.appstate.edu\/media-coverage-crime-and-criminal-justice\/public-executions\" >Public executions \u2013 APPState.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Public Execution as a Contemporary Human Rights Issue:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2011\/jul\/22\/iran-public-execution-human-rights\" >Iran public execution outrages human rights groups \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=11415&amp;LangID=E\" >Iran: UN experts condemn public execution of juvenile and reiterate call for immediate halt on death penalty \u2013 OHCHR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/iraq\/un-envoy-condemns-public-execution-human-rights-lawyer-ms-sameera-al-nuaimy-enar\" >UN Envoy Condemns Public Execution of Human Rights Lawyer, Ms. Sameera Al-Nuaimy \u2013 Reliefweb.int<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2735597\/Public-executions-amputations-lashings-weekly-occurrences-ISIS-controlled-parts-Syria-children-forced-watch-people-getting-shot-head-Friday.html\" >Public executions, amputations and lashings are now weekly occurrences in ISIS-controlled parts of Syria\u2026with children forced to watch people getting shot in the head every Friday, says UN \u2013 Daily Mail<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Some Arguments and Information on the Capital Punishment:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_punishment\" >Capital punishment &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.religioustolerance.org\/execute.htm\" >Capital punishment: All viewpoints in the death penalty \u2013 ReligiousTolerance.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/ethics\/capitalpunishment\/\" >Ethics guide: Capital punishment &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/our-work\/issues\/death-penalty\/us-death-penalty-facts\" >Know the Facts About Capital Punishment \u2013 Amnesty International USA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/time.com\/deathpenalty\/\" >THE DEATH OF THE DEATH PENALTY, by David von Drehle \u2013 Time.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.clarkprosecutor.org\/html\/death\/timeline.htm\" >Capital Punishment Timeline \u2013 ClarkProsecutor.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/english.irib.ir\/subcontinent\/top-stories\/item\/213329-pakistan-resumes-executions-after-ramadan-break-official\" >Pakistan resumes capital punishment after Ramadan break: Official \u2013 IRIB World Service<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Optional_Protocol_to_the_International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights\" >Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/2ndOPCCPR.aspx\" >Text of the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights \u2013 OHCHR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1935\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a> signs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_Security_Act\" >Social Security Act<\/a>, creating a government pension system for the retired.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1933\u00a0 <\/strong>Loggers cause a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wildfire\" >forest fire<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Coast_Ranges\" >Coast Range<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oregon\" >Oregon<\/a>, later known as the first forest fire of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tillamook_Burn\" >Tillamook Burn<\/a>. It is extinguished on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_5\" >September 5<\/a>, after destroying 240,000 acres (970\u00a0km<sup>2<\/sup>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1921\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tannu_Uriankhai\" >Tannu Uriankhai<\/a>, later <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuvan_People%27s_Republic\" >Tuvan People&#8217;s Republic<\/a> is established as a completely independent country (which is supported by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic\" >Soviet Russia<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romania<\/a> declares war on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary<\/a>, joining the Entente in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: Start of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Lorraine\" >Battle of Lorraine<\/a>, an unsuccessful French offensive designed to recover the lost province of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moselle\" >Moselle<\/a> from Germany.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1912\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >US Marines<\/a> invade <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicaragua\" >Nicaragua<\/a> to support the U.S.-backed government installed there after <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Santos_Zelaya\" >Jos\u00e9 Santos Zelaya<\/a> had resigned three years earlier.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1901\u00a0 <\/strong>The first claimed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation\" >powered flight<\/a>, by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustave_Whitehead\" >Gustave Whitehead<\/a> in his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whitehead_No._21\" >Number 21<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1900\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eight-Nation_Alliance\" >Eight-Nation Alliance<\/a> occupies Beijing, China, in a campaign to end the bloody <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boxer_Rebellion\" >Boxer Rebellion<\/a> in China.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1897\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franco-Hova_Wars\" >Franco-Hova Wars<\/a>: The town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anosimena\" >Anosimena<\/a> is captured by French troops from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Menabe\" >Menabe<\/a> defenders in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madagascar\" >Madagascar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1893\u00a0 <\/strong>France becomes the first country to introduce <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vehicle_registration_plate\" >motor vehicle registration<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1888\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sound_recording_and_reproduction\" >audio recording<\/a> of English composer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arthur_Sullivan\" >Arthur Sullivan<\/a>&#8216;s &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Lost_Chord\" >The Lost Chord<\/a>&#8220;, one of the first recordings of music ever made, is played during a press conference introducing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Edison\" >Thomas Edison<\/a>&#8216;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phonograph\" >phonograph<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London\" >London, England<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1880\u00a0 <\/strong>Construction of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cologne_Cathedral\" >Cologne Cathedral<\/a>, the most famous landmark in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cologne\" >Cologne<\/a>, Germany, is completed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1842\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Indian_Wars\" >Wars of native peoples of North America (aka American Indian Wars)<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seminole_Wars\" >Second Seminole War<\/a> ends, with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seminole\" >Seminoles<\/a> forced from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florida\" >Florida<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oklahoma\" >Oklahoma<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1816\u00a0 <\/strong>The United Kingdom formally annexed the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tristan_da_Cunha\" >Tristan da Cunha<\/a> archipelago, administering them from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Cape_Colony\" >Cape Colony<\/a> in South Africa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1720\u00a0 <\/strong>The Spanish military <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Villasur_expedition\" >Villasur expedition<\/a> is wiped out by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pawnee_people\" >Pawnee<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otoe_tribe\" >Otoe<\/a> warriors near present-day <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus,_Nebraska\" >Columbus, Nebraska<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>AUGUST 15<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/topics\/i\/iraq.html\" >2014\u00a0 The European Union will assist Iraq in fighting Islamic State militants; European nations and the EU are sending arms in addition to humanitarian aid.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/08\/16\/world\/europe\/european-union-iraq.html?_r=0\" >EU Foreign Ministers Back Military Support for Kurds in Northern Iraq, by David Jolly \u2013 August 15, 2014 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2014-08-14\/eu-weighs-oil-steps-while-arming-kurds-against-islamists\" >EU Seeks to Squeeze Iraq\u2019s Islamists as Ukraine Festers, by Rebecca Christie and Jonathan Stearns \u2013 August 16, 2014 \u2013 Bloomberg.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/news\/middle-east\/1.610816\" >UN blacklists Iraq, Syria Islamists as EU pledges arms and aid in Iraq \u2013 HAARETZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant\" >Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>For some more information on the Islamic State, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/06\/this-week-in-history-30\/\" >JUNE 29, 2004 of the This Week in History<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smithsonian\" >Smithsonian<\/a> announces the discovery of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olinguito\" >olinguito<\/a>, the first new carnivoran species found in the Americas in 35 years.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>At least 27 people are killed and 226 injured in an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_2013_Beirut_bombing\" >explosion<\/a> in southern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beirut\" >Beirut<\/a> near a complex used by Lebanon&#8217;s militant group <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hezbollah\" >Hezbollah<\/a> in Lebanon. A previously unknown <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syria\" >Syrian<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sunni\" >Sunni<\/a> group claims responsibility in an online video.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2007_Peru_earthquake\" >8.0-magnitude earthquake<\/a> off the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_coast\" >Pacific coast<\/a> devastates <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ica_Region\" >Ica<\/a> and various regions of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peru\" >Peru<\/a> killing 514 and injuring 1,090.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eastwestcenter.org\/publications\/helsinki-agreement-more-promising-basis-peace-aceh\" >The Helsinki Agreement<\/a> between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_Aceh_Movement\" >Free Aceh Movement<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_Indonesia\" >Government of Indonesia<\/a> was signed, ending <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insurgency_in_Aceh\" >28 years of fighting<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/indonesia\/indonesia-aceh-peace-agreement\/p8789\" >Indonesia: The Ache Peace Agreement \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/indonesia\/indonesia-helsinki-agreement-more-promising-basis-peace-aceh\" >Indonesia: The Helsinki Agreement \u2013 A more promising basis for peace in Ache? \u2013 ReliefWeb.int<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/shared\/bsp\/hi\/pdfs\/15_08_05_aceh.pdf\" >Full text of the Helsinki Agreement = <strong><em>Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Free Ache Movement<\/em><\/strong>, signed in Helsinki, Finland, on 15 August 2005<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/faroutliers.wordpress.com\/2006\/02\/03\/indonesias-helsinki-agreement\/\" >Indonesia\u2019s Helsinki Agreement \u2013 Far Outliners<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/~\/media\/Files\/asia\/south-east-asia\/indonesia\/B109%20Illicit%20Arms%20in%20Indonesia.ashx\" >Illicit Arms in Indonesia \u2013 6 September 2010 &#8211; CrisisGroup.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asiasociety.org\/acehs-governor-peace-process-indonesia\" >\u201c<em>Irwandi Yusuf is the Governor of Aceh. A former separatist leader, Governor Yusuf has held several positions with the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). He was formally installed as Aceh&#8217;s first democratically elected governor on February 8, 2007<\/em>.\u201d Ache\u2019s Governor on the Peace Process in Indonesia \u2013 Irwandi Yusuf talks about Ache\u2019s position in the federation \u2013 AsiaSociety.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.c-r.org\/accord-article\/keeping-peace-security-aceh\" >Keeping the peace: Security in Ache, by Sydney Jones \u2013 Conciliation Resources<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.c-r.org\/accord\/aceh-indonesia\" >Ache \u2013 Indonesia \u2013 Reconfiguring politics: Indonesia \u2013 Ache peace process<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan\" >Israel&#8217;s unilateral disengagement plan<\/a> to evict all <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israelis\" >Israelis<\/a> from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaza_Strip\" >Gaza Strip<\/a> and from four <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli_settlement\" >settlements<\/a> in the northern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Bank\" >West Bank<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%A9ni_Ounif\" >Beni Ounif massacre<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algeria\" >Algeria<\/a>: Some 29 people are killed at a false roadblock near the Moroccan border, leading to temporary tensions with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morocco\" >Morocco<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Omagh_bombing\" >Omagh bombing<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland\" >Northern Ireland<\/a>, the worst <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terrorism\" >terrorist<\/a> incident of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Troubles\" >The Troubles<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Carolina\" >South Carolina<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shannon_Faulkner\" >Shannon Faulkner<\/a> becomes the first female <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cadet\" >cadet<\/a> matriculated at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Citadel,_The_Military_College_of_South_Carolina\" >The Citadel<\/a> (she drops out less than a week later).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party\" >Kurdistan Workers&#8217; Party<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a> starts a campaign of armed attacks upon the Turkish military with an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1984_PKK_attacks\" >attack on police and gendarmerie bases in \u015eemdinli and Eruh<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ohio_State_University_Radio_Observatory\" >The Big Ear<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radio_telescope\" >radio telescope<\/a> operated by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ohio_State_University\" >Ohio State University<\/a> as part of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence\" >SETI<\/a> project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wow%21_signal\" >Wow! signal<\/a>&#8221; from the notation made by a volunteer on the project.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Takeo_Miki\" >Takeo Miki<\/a> makes the first official pilgrimage to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yasukuni_Shrine\" >Yasukuni Shrine<\/a> by an incumbent <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Japan\" >prime minister<\/a> on the anniversary of the end of World War II.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_surrounding_Yasukuni_Shrine\" >Controversies surrounding Yasukuni Shrine \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics-Economy\/International-Relations\/What-is-Yasukuni-issue\" >The Explainer: The Yasukuni Issue \u2013 Nikkei Asian Review<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mtholyoke.edu\/~petro20y\/classweb\/politics\/escalation.htm\" >Several cabinet ministers visit the controversial shrine every year but the first Prime Minister to visit the shrine was Takeo Miki in 1975. His visit was in unofficial capacity and didn&#8217;t provoke conflict because the souls of the Class A war criminals were not yet enshrined in Yasukuni. The first Prime Minister to visit the shrine after the kami [= gods] of the 14 Class A was criminal were enshrined was Yasuhiro Nakasone in 1979.\u201d \u2013 The Conflict \u2013 History of Escalation<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/centreright.in\/2013\/12\/yasukuni-and-japanese-nationalism\/#.Vbp7b_mufX4\" >Yasukuni and Japanese Nationalism \u2013 Centre Right India<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ajw.asahi.com\/article\/behind_news\/politics\/AJ201312270053\" >FACT FILE: Yasukuni Shrine \u2013 AJW.Asahi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japanfocus.org\/-Yomiuri-Shimbun\/1967\/article.html\" >Yasukuni: Behind the Torii: From government-run shrine for war heroes to bone of contention \u2013 By the Yomiuri Shimbun<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangladesh\" >Bangladesh<\/a>&#8216;s founder <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman\" >Sheikh Mujibur Rahman<\/a> is killed along with most members of his family during a military coup.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Bangladesh\" >History of Bangladesh \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bangladesh.com\/blog\/sheikh-mujibur-rahman-the-first-president-of-bangladesh\" >Sheikh Mujibur Rahman \u2013 The First President of Bangladesh \u2013 Bangladesh.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1143363\" >Heroes Live Forever; Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (the founder of Bangladesh), by Md. Joynal Abdin \u2013 Papers.SSRN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/before-his-assassination-there-was-an-attempt-on-mujibs-life\/article4611312.ece\" >Before his assassination, there was an attempt on Mujib\u2019s life \u2013 TheHindu.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.quora.com\/How-is-Sheikh-Mujibur-Rahman-founder-of-Bangladesh-viewed-in-India\" >How is Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, founder of Bangladesh, viewed in India \u2013 Quora.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuk_Young-soo\" >Yuk Young-soo<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Lady\" >First Lady<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea\" >South Korea<\/a>, is killed during an apparent assassination attempt upon <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_South_Korea\" >President<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Park_Chung-hee\" >Park Chung-hee<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.military.com\/video\/operations-and-strategy\/assassination\/s-korean-first-lady-assassinated\/2507728485001\/\" >\u201c<em>The South Korean president&#8217;s wife was assassinated by a North Korean agent from Japan in 1974. From Wikipedia: At 10:00 a.m., August 15, 1974, South Korean independence day, Yuk was shot and killed by Mun Segwang, a North Korean sympathizer from Japan<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 S. Korean First Lady Assassinated \u201974 &#8211; Military.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/07\/24\/park-chung-hee-assassination-attempt_n_3642584.html\" >Park Chung-Hee Assassination Attempt: Failed North Korea Raid Recalled 45 Years Later \u2013 24 July, 2013 \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuk_Young-soo\" >\u201c<em>Yuk Young-soo (Korean pronunciation:\u00a0[ju\u0261j\u028c\u014bs\u02b0u] November 29, 1925 \u2013 August 15, 1974) was the wife of the 3rd South Korean president Park Chung-hee and the mother of incumbent South Korean president Park Geun-hye. She was assassinated in 1974<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Yuk Young-soo &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Park Geun-hey, whose mother was Yuk Young-soo, Becomes the 11<sup>th<\/sup> President of the Republic of Korea in February 2013:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/news\/world\/asia-pacific\/mothers-legacy-helps-park-geun-hye-in-bid-to-lead-south-korea\" >\u201c<em>Park Geun-hye was 22 when she washed the blood from her assassinated mother&#8217;s dress<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Mother\u2019s legacy helps Park Geun-hye in bid to lead South Korea \u2013 The National<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Park_Geun-hye\" >\u201c<em>Park Geun-hye (<\/em><em>\ubc15\uadfc\ud61c, Korean pronunciation:\u00a0[pak.k\u0348\u026fnh<sup>(j)<\/sup>e]; born 2 February 1952) is the eleventh and current President of South Korea\u2026\u2026Her father was Park Chung-hee, President of South Korea from 1962 to 1979<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Park Geun-hye &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/asia-pacific\/2012\/12\/2012121971544876848.html\" >Profile: South Korea\u2019s Park Guen-hey \u2013 The 60-yeaer-old conservative follows the footsteps of her father, Park Chung-hee, by winning the presidency &#8211; 20 December 2012 \u2013 Aljazeera<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2014\/12\/24\/north-korea-the-assassination-nation-the-interview-sony-hack\/\" >\u201c<em>President Park Geun-hye \u2014 who, by the way, is former president Park\u2019s daughter \u2014 was known as the \u201cfirst lady of South Korea\u201d during her father\u2019s reign. That\u2019s because during one assassination attempt in 1974, her mother was shot in the head<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 North Korea: Assassination Nation, by Jeffery Lewis \u2013 December 24, 2014 &#8211; Foreign Policy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/frances-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >France performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moruroa#French_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >Muruora Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The United States bombing of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodia\" >Cambodia<\/a> ends.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ohiohistorycentral.org\/w\/Bombing_of_Cambodia?rec=1611\" >Bombing of Cambodia \u2013 Ohio History Central<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.presidency.ucsb.edu\/ws\/?pid=3929\" >Richard Nixon: 229\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Letter to the Speaker of the House and the Majority Leader of the Senate About the End of United States Bombing in Cambodia. August 3, 1973 \u2013 UCSB.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thirdworldtraveler.com\/American_Empire\/Nixon_Cambodia_LFE.html\" >President Nixon, Henry Kissinger, and the Bombing of Cambodia \u2013 The Third World Traveler<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yale.edu\/cgp\/Walrus_CambodiaBombing_OCT06.pdf\" >History &#8211; Bombs Over Cambodia \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rabble.ca\/toolkit\/on-this-day\/us-secret-bombing-cambodia\" >US Secret Bombing of Cambodia \u2013 Rebble.ca<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.holiday-in-angkor-wat.com\/invasion-of-cambodia.html\" >Invasion of Cambodia \u2013 The Two Invasions \u2013 Angkor Wat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yale.edu\/cgp\/us.html\" >US Involvement in the Cambodian War and the Genocide \u2013 Cambodian Genocide Program \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/readersupportednews.org\/opinion2\/277-75\/16052-what-the-us-bombing-of-cambodia-tells-us\" >What the US Bombing of Cambodia Tell Us \u2013 ReadersSupportedNews.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h1888.html\" >America\u2019s Vietnam War in Indochina \u2013 United States History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/u-s-bombing-of-cambodia-ceases\/print\" >\u201c<em>After several days of intense bombing in support of Lon Nol\u2019s forces fighting the communist Khmer Rouge in the area around Phnom Penh, Operations Arc Light and Freedom Deal end as the United States ceases bombing Cambodia at midnight. This was in accordance with June Congressional legislation passed in June and ended 12 years of combat activity in Indochina. President Nixon denounced Congress for cutting off the funding for further bombing operations, saying that it had undermined the \u201cprospects for world peace.\u201d The United States continued unarmed reconnaissance flights and military aid to Cambodia, but ultimately the Khmer Rouge prevailed in 1975<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 August 14 [US Time], 1973: US bombing of Cambodia ceases \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Also visit <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/chnm.gmu.edu\/hardhats\/cambodia.html\" >Nixon announces invasion of Cambodia \u2013 April 30, 1970 \u2013 GMU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history-world.org\/vietnam_war.htm\" >VIETNAM WAR \u2013 History-World.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thirdworldtraveler.com\/Blum\/Cambodia_KH.html\" >Cambodia 1955 \u2013 1973 \u2013 Third World Traveler<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sparknotes.com\/history\/american\/vietnamwar\/section9.rhtml\" >THE VIETNAM WAR 1945 \u2013 1975 \u2013 SparkNotes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/punditfact\/statements\/2014\/sep\/11\/henry-kissinger\/kissinger-drones-have-killed-more-civilians-bombin\/\" >Henry Kissinger: Drones have killed more civilians than the bombing of Cambodia in the Vietnam War, by Jon Greenberg, September 11, 2014 \u2013 PolitiFact.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bahrain\" >Bahrain<\/a> gains <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bahrain_Independence_Day\" >independence<\/a> from the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Bahrain\" >Bahrain \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Bahrain\" >History of Bahrain \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/bahrain-history.html\" >Bahrain \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bahrain.com\/en\/About-Bahrain\/Pages\/History.aspx#.VbuLyvmufX4\" >Bahrain \u2013 History \u2013 Bahrain.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/bahrain\/history\" >Bahrain \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Independence_Day_%28Bahrain%29\" >Independence Day (Bahrain) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/berkleycenter.georgetown.edu\/essays\/bahrain-independence\" >Bahrain \u2013 Independence \u2013 Georgetown.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.turgutozal.edu.tr\/ambassadors\/icerik\/bahrain-independence-day-911-78.html\" >Bahrain Independence Day \u2013 Turgutozal.edu.tr<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a> completes the break from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gold_standard\" >gold standard<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nixon_Shock\" >ending<\/a> convertibility of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_dollar\" >United States dollar<\/a> into gold by foreign investors.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>The Gold Standard:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/economics.about.com\/cs\/money\/a\/gold_standard.htm\" >What Was the Gold Standard? \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.goldstandardsolution.com\/\" >The Gold Standard \u2013 GoldStandardSolution.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cato.org\/publications\/policy-analysis\/rise-fall-gold-standard-united-states\" >The Rise and the Fall of the Gold Standard in the United States \u2013 CATO Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nixon_Shock\" >Nixon Shock &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>The End of the Gold Standard:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usagold.com\/gildedopinion\/rocketschool\/20060531.html\" >The Significance of August 15, 1971, by Professor von Braun \u2013 THE POCEKT SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.cfainstitute.org\/investor\/2013\/03\/13\/president-nixon-the-man-who-sold-the-world-fiat-money\/\" >\u201c<em>On 15 August 1971, President Nixon announced to the world that the United States was closing the gold window in a move known as the Nixon Shock<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 President Nixon: The Man Who Sold the World Fiat Money \u2013 CFA Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.benzinga.com\/news\/11\/08\/1858099\/the-day-richard-nixon-killed-the-gold-standard\" >The Day Richard Nixon Killed the Gold Standard, by John Thorpe \u2013 Benzinga.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fool.com\/investing\/general\/2013\/08\/15\/the-day-nixon-broke-the-link-between-gold-and-the.aspx\" >The Day Nixon Broke the Link between Gold and the Dollar \u2013 The Motley Fool<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/marketbeat\/2011\/08\/15\/gold-standard-forty-years-gone-and-good-riddance\/\" >Gold Standard: Forty Years Gone \u2013 And Good Riddance \u2013 August 15, 2011 \u2013 The Wall Street Journal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.distressedvolatility.com\/2013\/04\/nixon-end-of-gold-exchange-standard-1971.html\" >President Nixon Announcing End of Gold Exchange Standard in 1971 (Video \/w Transcript) \u2013 Volatility.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dailybail.com\/home\/watch-tricky-dick-end-the-us-gold-standard-1971.html\" >Watch Tricky Dick End The US Gold Standard (1971) \u2013 The Daily Bail<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mentalfloss.com\/article\/12715\/why-did-us-abandon-gold-standard\" >Why Did the US Abandon the Gold Standard? \u2013 MentalFloss.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2011-08-16\/u-s-gained-from-ending-gold-standard-in-1971-chart-of-the-day\" >US Gained from Ending Gold Standard in 1971: Chart of the Day \u2013 August 17, 2011 &#8211; Bloomberg.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patricia_Palinkas\" >Patricia Palinkas<\/a> becomes the first woman to play professionally in an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_football\" >American football<\/a> game.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women%27s_American_football\" >Women\u2019s American football &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women%27s_professional_sports\" >Women\u2019s professional sports \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/videos\/news\/nation\/2015\/07\/28\/30807699\/\" >AP Analysis: Women\u2019s Impact On Men\u2019s Pro Sports \u2013 USAToday.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sportsnola.com\/progress-made-for-womens-in-pro-sports-management-but-much-more-needed\/\" >Progress made for women\u2019s in pro sports management but much more needed \u2013 28 July 2015 \u2013 SportsNola.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sary_Shagan\" >Sary Shagan<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fulbert_Youlou\" >Fulbert Youlou<\/a> is overthrown in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Republic of the Congo<\/a>, after a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trois_Glorieuses_%281963%29\" >three-day uprising<\/a> in the capital.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trois_Glorieuses_%281963%29\" >Trois Glorieuses (Three Glorious Days) 1963 &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >History of the Republic of Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>See below<\/em> \u201c<strong>1960 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Republic of the Congo<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brazzaville\" >Brazzaville<\/a>) becomes independent from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Fourth_Republic\" >France<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>Execution of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_John_Burnett\" >Henry John Burnett<\/a>, the last man to be hanged in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scotland\" >Scotland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Joseph_Dresnok\" >James Joseph Dresnok<\/a> defects to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea\" >North Korea<\/a> after running across the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone\" >Korean Demilitarized Zone<\/a>. Dresnok still resides in the capital, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pyongyang\" >Pyongyang<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>Border guard <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conrad_Schumann\" >Conrad Schumann<\/a> flees from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East Germany<\/a> while on duty guarding the construction of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin_Wall\" >Berlin Wall<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Republic of the Congo<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brazzaville\" >Brazzaville<\/a>) becomes independent from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Fourth_Republic\" >France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/aglobalworld.com\/holidays-around-the-world\/congo-republic-independence-day\/\" >Congo Republic Independence Day \u2013 August 15 \u2013 Holidays Around the World &#8211; AGlobalWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/outofdate\/bgn\/congobrazzaville\/131857.htm\" >Congo (Brazzaville) (11\/09) \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.refworld.org\/pdfid\/471338fe0.pdf\" >Country of Origin Information Key Documents \u2013 REPUBLIC OF CONGO \u2013 Home Office<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-14121191\" >Republic of Congo profile \u2013 Overview &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >History of the Republic of Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/republic-of-congo.html\" >Republic of Congo \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/profiles\/congo-%28brazzaville%29.html\" >Republic of the Congo \u2013 US Department of State Background Note \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-rohan.sdsu.edu\/faculty\/rwinslow\/africa\/congo.html\" >Republic of Congo \u2013 Crime and Society<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globaledge.msu.edu\/countries\/republic-of-congo\/history\" >Republic of Congo \u2013 History \u2013 Global Edge &#8211; MSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/countries\/congo-republic\" >Republic of Congo \u2013 Office of the Historian \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfredo_Stroessner\" >Alfredo Stroessner<\/a> begins his dictatorship in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraguay\" >Paraguay<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Paraguay:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Paraguay\" >History of Paraguay \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/paraguay\/2.htm\" >Paraguay \u2013 History \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/paraguay.html\" >Paraguay \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/paraguay-country-south-america-history.html\" >History of Paraguay \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac48\" >HISTORY OF PARAGUAY \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsl.net\/zp5yw\/paraguay.htm\" >PARAGUAY: COUNTRY INFORMATION, A BRIEF HISTORY AND PICTURES \u2013 QSL.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/paraguay\/history\" >Paraguay \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.studylands.com\/guide\/PY-history.htm\" >A Brief History of Paraguay \u2013 StudyLands.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsencyclopedia.com\/Americas\/Paraguay-HISTORY.html\" >Paraguay History \u2013 NationsEncyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Paraguayan_history\" >Timeline of Paraguayan History &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Alfredo Stroessner and His Regime:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/paraguay\/18.htm\" >The Stroessner Regime \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.countriesquest.com\/south_america\/paraguay\/history\/the_stroessner_regime.htm\" >History, The Stroessner Regime \u2013 CountriesQuest.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Alfredo-Stroessner\" >Alfredo Stroessner \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/people\/stroessner-alfredo.html\" >Alfredo Strossner \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.projectparaguay.com\/stroessner.htm\" >Alfredo Stroessner, by David Cheng \u2013 ProjectParaguay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/community.worldheritage.org\/articles\/Alfredo_Stroessner\" >ALFREDO STROESSNER \u2013 WorldHeritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mps.mpsomaha.org\/mnhs\/Drummond\/Dictator%20Genome%20Project\/Database\/Alfredo%20Stroessner.pdf\" >Alfredo Stroessner \u2013 Dictator Genome Project &#8211; Database<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/08\/16\/world\/americas\/16cnd-stroessner.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0\" >\u201c<em> Alfredo Stroessner, the former president of Paraguay whose 35-year hold on power made him South America\u2019s most enduring dictator during the cold war, died today [16 August 2006] in exile in Brazil. He was 93<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Stroessner, Paraguay\u2019s Enduring Dictator, Dies &#8211; The New York Times<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/obituaries\/1526487\/General-Alfredo-Stroessner.html\" >\u201c<em>General Alfredo Stroessner, the former President of Paraguay who died yesterday [16 August 2006] aged 93, was one of the last of Latin American\u2019s old-style military dictators<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 The Telegraph<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea\" >Republic of Korea<\/a> is established south of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/38th_parallel_north\" >38th parallel north<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>The Republic of Korea:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/55a\/index-a.html\" >The History of the Republic of Korea \u2013 World History Archives<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.studylands.com\/guide\/KR-history.htm\" >A Brief History of South Korea \u2013 StudyLands.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/countries\/archives\/korea-south\" >The Republic of Korea \u2013 Office of the Historian \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/southkorea\/p\/South-Korea-Facts-And-History.htm\" >South Korea | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/korea-south.html\" >South Korea \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historysome.blogspot.com\/2012\/08\/republic-of-korea.html\" >Republic of Korea &#8211; The Contemporary History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/south-korea\/history\" >South Korea \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.asianinfo.org\/asianinfo\/korea\/history\/establishment_of_the_republic_of.htm\" >The Establishment of the Republic of Korea \u2013 AsianInfo.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/webimage\/countrys\/asia\/southkorea\/krtimeln.htm\" >South Korea Timeline \u2013 WorldAtlas.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>The 38<sup>th<\/sup> Parallel North:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/photos\/korean-war\/photo1\" >The 38<sup>th<\/sup> Parallel \u2013 Korean War Photo Gallery \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/38th_parallel_north#Korea\" >38<sup>th<\/sup> Parallel North \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/38th-parallel\" >38<sup>th<\/sup> Parallel \u2013 Geopolitics \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.teara.govt.nz\/en\/map\/34516\/korean-peninsula-showing-the-38th-parallel\" >Korean peninsula showing the 38<sup>th<\/sup> parallel \u2013 Story: Asian conflicts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/paralleluniverse38n.blogspot.com\/2009\/09\/why-38th-parallel.html\" >Why the 38<sup>th<\/sup> Parallel? \u2013 ParallelUniverse38N<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/magazine\/article\/0,9171,814499,00.html\" >War: FACTS ABOUT THE 38<sup>TH<\/sup> &#8211; TIME<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.koreanwaronline.com\/history\/oz\/38th.htm\" >THE 38<sup>TH<\/sup> PARALLEL \u2013 (KOREA 1950 \u2013 1953), by Olwyn Green<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.shmoop.com\/causes-of-cold-war\/photo-38th-parallel.html\" >Causes of the Cold War: Photo \u2013 The 38<sup>th<\/sup> Parallel<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/grenstad.blogspot.com\/\" >38<sup>th<\/sup> parallel \u2013 GrenStad.BlogSpot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.citelighter.com\/history\/history\/knowledgecards\/38th-parallel-demilitarized-zone\" >38<sup>th<\/sup> PARALLEL DEMILITALITALIZED ZONE \u2013 CURATED COLLECTIONS OF THE MOST USEFUL FACTS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/38north.org\/\" >38 NORTH \u2013 38north.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>Founder of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah\" >Muhammad Ali Jinnah<\/a> is sworn in as first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governor-General_of_Pakistan\" >Governor-General of Pakistan<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karachi\" >Karachi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Pakistan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Pakistan\" >History of Pakistan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/pakistan.html\" >Pakistan \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/pakistan-history.html\" >Pakistan \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.angelfire.com\/ia\/yasir710\/history\/history.html\" >History of Pakistan \u2013 British Rule and Muslim League \u2013 AngelFire.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pakistan4ever.com\/pakistan_history\/history.php\" >History of Pakistan \u2013 Pakistan4Ever.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/storyofpakistan.com\/\" >Story of Pakistan \u2013 StoryOfPakistan.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/pakistan\/p\/PakistanProf.htm\" >Pakistan | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/infopak.gov.pk\/History.aspx\" >Pakistan \u2013 History \u2013 Chronical Order \u2013 Government of Pakistan \u2013 Ministry of Information, Broadcasting &amp; National Heritage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/No-Sa\/Pakistan.html\" >Culture of Pakistan \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.personal.kent.edu\/~rmuhamma\/Personal\/Pakistan\/PakHistory\/timeLinePak.htm\" >Quick History of Pakistan \u2013 Kent.edu<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Muhammad Ali Jinnah:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.biography.com\/people\/muhammad-ali-jinnah-9354710\" >Muhammad Ali Jinnah \u2013 Biography.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/historic_figures\/jinnah_mohammad_ali.shtml\" >History \u2013 Muhammad Ali Jinnah \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Muhammad_Jinnah\" >Muhammad Jinnah \u2013 New World Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/pakistan\/fl\/Muhammad-Ali-Jinnah.htm\" >Muhammad Ali Jinnah \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohammed-Ali-Jinnah\" >Muhammed Ali Jinnah \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jinnah_family\" >Jinnah family &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India\" >India<\/a> gains <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_independence_movement\" >Independence<\/a> from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Empire\" >British<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Raj\" >Indian Empire<\/a> after near 190 years of Crown rule and joins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commonwealth_of_Nations\" >Commonwealth of Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Independence of India:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_independence_movement\" >Indian independence movement \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Independence_Day_%28India%29\" >Independence Day of India, August 15 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.timeanddate.com\/holidays\/india\/independence-day\" >Independence Day in India \u2013 TimeAndDate.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.culturalindia.net\/indian-history\/modern-history\/indian-independence.html\" >Indian Independence \u2013 Cultural India<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/india-and-pakistan-win-independence\" >India and Pakistan win independence\u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thenagain.info\/WebChron\/India\/IndiaInd.html\" >India\u2019s Independence from Britain \u2013 ThenAgain.info<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of India:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_India\" >History of India &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyindia.org\/\" >History of India \u2013 HistoryIndia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/history\/\" >History of India \u2013 MapsOfIndia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographia.com\/india\/india02.htm\" >India \u2013 Geographia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gktoday.in\/history-of-india\/\" >History of India \u2013 General Studies Manual for UPSC and State Public Services Examination 2014<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sscnet.ucla.edu\/southasia\/History\/mainhist.html\" >Manas \u2013 History and Politics of India \u2013 UCLA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>India\u2019s Independence, Nonviolence Movement, and Gandhi:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_independence_movement\" >Indian independence movement &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historytoday.com\/benjamin-zachariah\/gandhi-non-violence-and-indian-independence\" >Gandhi, Non-violence and Indian Independence \u2013 History Today<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/suite.io\/ashley-anderson\/52kf28n\" >Mahatma Gandhi, Satyagraha, and Indian Independence, Ashley Anderson<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/news\/2014\/october\/gandhi-peace-movements-10-29-2014.html\" >Gandhi\u2019s nonviolent approach offers lessons for peace movements, Sanford scholar says \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.stackexchange.com\/questions\/3000\/what-was-the-first-successful-non-violent-independence-movement\" >What was the first successful non violence independence movement? \u2013 History Beta \u2013 StackExchange.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahatma_Gandhi\" >Mahatma Gandhi \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.info-sikh.com\/PagePeace1.html\" >ORIGINS OF NON-VIOLENCE MOVEMENT IN INDIA, by Alice Basarke + additional information \u2013 Info-Sikh.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wmich.edu\/dialogues\/themes\/indiagandhi.html\" >Colonial India, Gandhi, and Eventual Independence \u2013 WMich.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.quora.com\/Should-Indias-independence-be-credited-to-violence-or-non-violence\" >Should India independence be credited to violence or nonviolence? \u2013 Quora.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2003\/02\/08\/nonviolence-its-histories-and-myths\/\" >Nonviolence, Histories, and Myths, by Michael Neumann \u2013 Counterpunch.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thatfatguy.hubpages.com\/hub\/Non-violence-over-Violence\" >Choosing Non-violence Over Violence: A Struggle for Independence \u2013 HubPages.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mkgandhi.org\/g_relevance\/chap16.htm\" >The Impact of Gandhi on the US Peace Movement \u2013 MKGandhi.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.findingdulcinea.com\/news\/on-this-day\/July-August-08\/On-this-Day--India-Gains-Independence-from-Britain.html\" >On This Day: India gains independence from Britain \u2013 FindingDulcinea.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/msjworldciv2honors.wikispaces.com\/Indian+Independence+Movement+-+Gandhi+and+the++Salt+March\" >Indian Independence Movement \u2013 Gandhi and the Salt March \u2013 WikiSpaces.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/teachindiaproject.org\/Mahatma_Gandhi_Lesson_Plan.htm\" >Mahatma Gandhi &#8211; Teach India Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/iqlearnonline.org\/mod\/resource\/view.php?id=3798\" >Gandhi and the Non-violent Protest Movement in India Lesson Plan \u2013 IQLearnOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cpp.edu\/~ahimsacenter\/k12\/documents\/Benskin_ArtOfNonviolence.pdf\" >TEACHER WORKSHOP \u2013 The Art of Nonviolence: Martin Luther King, Jr., Gandhi, and Concepts of Nonviolence in Indian Art<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.utexas.edu\/cola\/insts\/southasia\/_files\/pdf\/outreach\/LP_salt_protest.pdf\" >Women in Indian Independence Movement \u2013 the Salt Protest of 1930<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.teachwithmovies.org\/set-up-the-sub\/sus-wrld-hist-nonviol-india-force-more-powerful.html\" >SEU-UP-SUB \u2013 DEFYING THE CROWN \u2013 INDIA 1930 USING A SNIPPET FROM \u201cA FORCE MORE POWERFUL\u201d \u2013 TeachWithMovies.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mohandasgadhi.altervista.org\/blog\/struggle-for-indian-independence-1915-47\/\" >Struggle for Indian Independence (1915 \u2013 47) \u2013 AlterVista.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aforcemorepowerful.org\/films\/afmp\/stories\/india.php\" >India \u2013 Defying the Crown \u2013 A FORCE MORE POWERFUL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/ReligiousStudies\/chernus\/4800\/NonviolenceBook\/Gandhi.htm\" >Chapter 7 \u2013 Mahatma Gandhi \u2013 Colorado.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gandhiserve.org\/activities\/research\/oral_history.html\" >Oral History on India\u2019s Independence Movement \u2013 GandhiServe.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spiritus-temporis.com\/indian-independence-movement\/\" >Indian independence movement \u2013 Spiritus-Temporis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.susmitkumar.net\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=100&amp;Itemid=86\" >Hitler, NOT Gandhi, Should Be Given Credit for the Independence of India 1947, by Susmit Kumar \u2013 SusmitKumar.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kyokipress.com\/wings\/surrender.html\" >Japanese Emperor, Hirohito, broadcasts to the Japanese public<\/a>, at noon Japan Time, that his government accepted the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potsdam_Declaration\" >Potsdam Declaration<\/a>, which means <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surrender_of_Japan\" >Japan\u2019s unconditional surrender<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allied Powers<\/a>. The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/exhibits\/featured_documents\/japanese_surrender_document\/\" >Japanese representatives sign the Instrument of Surrender on September 2, 1945<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Japan\u2019s Surrender:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/japans-surrender-made-public\" >Japan\u2019s surrender made public Aug. 14, 1945 (= Aug. 15, 1945 Japan Time) \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/emersonkent.com\/speeches\/surrender_hirohito.htm\" >Japanese Emperor\u2019s surrender speech in the English translation, recorded on 14 August 1945, broadcasted on 15 August 1945 &#8211; .EmersonKent.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hosted.ap.org\/dynamic\/stories\/A\/AS_JAPAN_WWII_HIROHITO_SPEECH?SITE=AP&amp;SECTION=HOME&amp;TEMPLATE=DEFAULT\" >\u201c<em>On the eve of the announcement, Hirohito <\/em>[Japanese Emperor] <em>met with top government officials to approve Japan&#8217;s surrender inside a bunker dug at the palace compound. Amid fear of violent protest by army officials refusing to end the war, the recording of Hirohito&#8217;s announcement was made secretly. NHK <\/em>[Japan Broadcasting Corporation = Japanese national broadcasting company] <em>technicians were quietly called in for the recording. At almost midnight, Hirohito appeared in his formal military uniform, and read the statement into the microphone, twice. A group of young army officers stormed into the palace in a failed attempt to steal the records and block the surrender speech<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 ORGINAL SOUND OF JAPAN EMPEROR\u2019S WAR END SPEECH RELEASED, Mari Yamaguchi \u2013 August 1, 2015 &#8211; ASSOCIATED PRESS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/stream.movies99.us\/play.php?movie=0062041\" >Movie, <em>Japan\u2019s Longest Day<\/em>, which depicts the background situation of the broadcast of the Japanese Emperor\u2019s surrender speech.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/august\/15\/newsid_3581000\/3581971.stm\" >Allied nations celebrate the VJ Day \u2013 On This Day 15 August &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victory_over_Japan_Day\" >Victory over Japan Day &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surrender_of_Japan\" >Surrender of Japan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mei1940.org\/offer-of-surrender-from-japanese-government-10-augustus-1945\/\" >\u201c<em>August 10, 1945 \u2013 Sir I have the honor to inform you \u2026.The Japanese Government are ready to accept the terms enumerated in the joint declaration which was issued at Potsdam on July 26th, 1945, by the heads of the Governments of the United States, Great Britain, and China, and later subscribed to by the Soviet Government, with the understanding that the said declaration does not comprise any demand which prejudices the prerogatives of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler<\/em>\u2026\u201d &#8211; OFFER OF SURRENDER FROM JAPANESE GOVERNMENT 10 AUGUST 1945<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2db.com\/battle_spec.php?battle_id=13\" >Japan\u2019s surrender 14 Aug 1945 \u2013 2 Sep 1945, by C. Peter Chen \u2013 World War Database<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch23ja7.htm\" >\u201c<em>Finally Emperor Hirohito initiated an end to war. He accepted the terms of the Potsdam Proclamation and, on August 15, at noon, he spoke for the first time on the radio<\/em>.\u201d Emperor Hirohito Speaks to His Nation \u2013 MACROHISTORY AND WORLD TIMELINE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/learning\/general\/onthisday\/big\/0814.html\" >JAPAN SURRENDERS, END OF WAR! \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usacac.army.mil\/cac2\/CGSC\/CARL\/download\/csipubs\/UnconditionalSurrenderDemobilizationAtomicBomb_Pearlman.pdf\" >Unconditional Surrender, Demobilization, and the Atomic Bomb, by Michael D. Pearlman<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/pha\/policy\/1945\/450729a.html\" >THE JAPANESE SURRENDER DOCUMENTS \u2013 WWII \u2013 iBiblio.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/english.cri.cn\/12394\/2015\/07\/26\/4061s888909.htm\" >Japanese Defense Policies Questioned on Potsdam Anniversary \u2013 CRI.cn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>What Made the Japanese Government Decide to Surrender? The Atomic Bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or Something Else? :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dmarkthomas.com\/japanese-government-surrendered\/\" >Why the Japanese government surrendered, by Mark Thomas \u2013 October 27, 2014 \u2013 DmarkThomas.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.quora.com\/Why-did-Japan-surrender-in-WWII\" >Why Did Japan Surrender? \u2013 Quora.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bostonglobe\/ideas\/articles\/2011\/08\/07\/why_did_japan_surrender\/\" >Why did Japan surrender \u2013 Boston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/boingboing.net\/2014\/09\/29\/stealing-japans-wwii-surrend.html\" >Stealing Japan\u2019s WWII surrender statement, by Dan Lewis \u2013 BoingBoing.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historynewsnetwork.org\/article\/12947\" >Why Did the Japanese Delay Surrendering? , by Herbert P. Bix \u2013 HistoryNewsnetwork.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/warincontext.org\/2013\/05\/31\/stalin-not-the-bomb-made-japan-surrender-ending-ww2\/\" >Stalin \u2013 not the Bomb \u2013 made Japan surrender, ending WW2 \u2013 WarInContext.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2013\/05\/30\/the-bomb-didnt-beat-japan-stalin-did\/\" >Argument: The Bomb Didn\u2019t Beat Japan\u2026Stalin Did \u2013 Have 70 years of nuclear policy based on a lie? \u2013 May 30, 2013 &#8211; ForeignPolicy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fpp.co.uk\/History\/Churchill\/Japan_surrender_attempts\/MS.html\" >\u201c<em>FORMARLY SECRET FILES in London and Washington reveal that Japan was trying to surrender, and had put out the most serious message, three weeks before the atomic bombs were dropped; and that Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill, and other Allied leaders were aware of this<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 \u201cRelease when Ready\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/csis.org\/blog\/how-influential-were-atomic-bombings-hiroshima-and-nagasaki-japanese-decision-surrender\" >\u201c<em>Contrary to the common perception that the two atomic bomb attacks in August 1945 forced the Japanese to surrender and prevented a costly American invasion, in Wilson\u2019s opinion, a close reading of what primary source documentation is available regarding the Japanese leadership\u2019s thinking at the time suggests that the bombings had little effect.<\/em>\u201d \u2013 How Influential Were the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on the Japanese Decision to Surrender? ,by Oliver Bloom \u2013 Center for Strategic &amp; International Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ia.ucsb.edu\/93106_archived\/2005\/May02\/researcher.html\" >Researcher: US Atomic Bomb Not Main Cause of Japan\u2019s Surrender, by Bill Schlotter \u2013 May 2, 2005 &#8211; UCSB.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/library\/correspondence\/togo-sato\/corr_togo-sato.htm\" >\u201c<em>Very Secret &#8211; Urgent 890. Re my telegram No. 884 &#8211; The foreign and domestic situation for the Empire is very serious, and even the termination of the war is now being considered privately. Therefore the conversations mentioned in my telegram No. 852 are not being limited solely to the objective of closer relations between Japan and the U.S.S.R.,<\/em>\u2026\u201d &#8211; The Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs (Togo) to the Japanese Ambassador to the Soviet Union (Sato) &#8211; [Translation] [Tokyo,] July 11, 1945&#8211;3 p.m. \u2013 NuclearFiles.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/2010\/08\/14\/historians-soviet-offensive-key-japans-wwii-surrender-eclipsed-bombs\/\" >Historians: Soviet offensive, key to Japan\u2019s WWII surrender, was eclipsed by A-bombs \u2013 August 14, 2010 &#8211; Fox News<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.americanthinker.com\/articles\/2008\/08\/hiroshima_hoax_japans_wllingne.html\" >Hiroshima Hoax: Japan\u2019s \u2018Willingness to Surrender Before the Bomb \u2013 by D.M. Giangreco \u2013 AmericanThinker.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ronanshonorsushistoryii.mrsronansclasses.com\/Mrs._Ronans_Honors_U.S._History_II\/The_Decision_to_Use_the_Bomb.html\" >The Decision to Use the Bomb \u2013 MrsRonansClass.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/alsos.wlu.edu\/information.aspx?id=1412\" >The Rhetoric of &#8220;Unconditional Surrender&#8221; and the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb, by James W. Hikins \u2013 ALSOS.WLU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/csis.org\/blog\/how-influential-were-atomic-bombings-hiroshima-and-nagasaki-japanese-decision-surrender\" >How Influential Were the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on the Japanese Decision to Surrender? \u2013 June 30, 2010 \u2013 Center for Strategic &amp; International Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/japanfocus.org\/-Tsuyoshi-Hasegawa\/2501\/article.html\" >The Atomic Bombs and the Soviet Invasion: What Drove Japan\u2019s Decision to Surrender?, by Tsuyoshi Hasegawa \u2013 JapanFocus.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/feature\/second-world-war\/was-us-justified-dropping-atomic-bombs-hiroshima-and-nagasaki-during-second\" >Was the US justified in dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during the Second World War? You debate \u2013 HistoryExtra.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ihr.org\/jhr\/v16\/v16n3p-4_Weber.html\" >Was Hiroshima Necessary? \u2013 Why the Atomic Bombings Could Have Been Avoided? ,by Mark Weber \u2013 INSTITUTE FOR HISTORIC REVIEW<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.doug-long.com\/stimsonx.htm\" >HENRY STIMPSON\u2019S DIARY AND PAPERS Part 10 \u2013 Aug.10 thru Sept.21, 1945 \u2013 Doug-Long.com<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.doug-long.com\/stimson.htm\" >Henry Stimpson\u2019s diary and papers Part 1<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.larouchepub.com\/other\/1999\/rosenblatt_stimson_2611.html\" >\u201c<em>Before the bombing of Hiroshima, on Aug. 6, 1945, the U.S. expectation had been that the Japanese commanders would be compelled, by force of the circumstances within the main islands of Japan, to bend to the Emperor&#8217;s will and accept terms of surrender during no later than the autumn. Indeed, already on July 13, 1945, Japan&#8217;s diplomats had again placed the case before the Soviet government in Moscow\u2026There was no reason for U.S.&#8211;or Japanese&#8211;lives to be wasted in an invasion of the main islands of Japan\u2026Nonetheless, back in Washington, Secretary of War Henry Stimson, by early May now in virtually complete control of the new President Harry Truman, was orchestrating what he intended should become the nuclear-terror bombing of Japan<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 How Henry Stimson bombed Hiroshima, and Nagasaki too, by Stu Rosenblatt \u2013 March 12, 1999 &#8211; Executive Intelligence Review<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonsblog.com\/2012\/10\/the-real-reason-america-used-nuclear-weapons-against-japan-to-contain-russian-ambitions.html\" >The REAL Reason America Used Nuclear Weapons Against Japan (It Was Not To End the War Or Save Lives) \u2013 WashingtonsBlog.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Hirohito (Japanese Emperor), and World War II in the Asia-Pacific Theater:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1989\/01\/22\/world\/post-hirohito-japan-debates-his-war-role.html\" >\u201c<em>Slowly, tentatively, Japan is beginning to confront a once-taboo subject &#8211; whether Emperor Hirohito bears any responsibility for World War II. Scholars are issuing statements calling for historical debate on his wartime role<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Post-Hirohito, Japan Debates His War Role, by Susan Chira \u2013 January 22, 1989, The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/10\/15\/opinion\/norihiro-kato-daring-to-ask-hirohito-about-his-role-in-WW2.html?_r=0\" >Daring to Ask Hirohito About His Role in WWII, by Norihiro Kato, The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/japanfocus.org\/site\/view\/2741\" >War Responsibility and Historical Memory: Hirohito\u2019s Apparition, by Herbert P. Bix<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pacificwar.org.au\/JapWarCrimes\/USWarCrime_Coverup.html\" >HOW THE UNITED STATES PROTECTED JAPANESE WAR CRIMINALS\u00a0 AND FACILITATED JAPAN&#8217;S DENIAL OF WAR GUILT AND WAR CRIMES \u2013 PacificWar.org.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/r.search.yahoo.com\/_ylt=AwrBT8UdP7pVXZ8AJ29XNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTEyaWthazI1BGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjA3NTZfMQRzZWMDc3I-\/RV=2\/RE=1438298013\/RO=10\/RU=http%3a%2f%2fwww.virginiareviewofasianstudies.com%2fwp-content%2fuploads%2f2012%2f06%2f7.-Yagami-Hirohito.doc\/RK=0\/RS=_.G8xCC_hEZMER7UyuesBthI2B4-\" >The Role of Emperor Hirohito in the Pacific War 1941 \u2013 1945: The Views of the Revisionists, by Kazuo Yagami<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hope-of-israel.org\/hirohito.htm\" >Hirohito, Mastermind of Japanese Involvement in WWII, by Joseph Huang \u2013 Hope-of-Israel.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2014\/09\/09\/national\/official-record-shows-pain-hirohito-war\/#.VboLFNAVLsZ\" >Official record shows pain of Emperor Hirohito about war \u2013 September 9, 2014 &#8211; The Japan Times<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>World War II in the Asia-Pacific Theater:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/unitedstates\/pacificwar\/timeline.htm\" >Timeline of Events 1941 \u2013 1945 \u2013 HistoryPlace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sp.uconn.edu\/~wwwcoh\/TIMELINE.HTM#1945\" >Timeline of Selected Events \u2013 Voices from the Second World War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.secondworldwarhistory.com\/japan-ww2-events-timeline.asp\" >Empire of Japan WW2 \u2013 Timeline, by Dan Alex<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2history.com\/japan\" >Japan in World War2 \u2013 WW2History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thefullwiki.org\/List_of_Japanese_government_and_military_commanders_of_World_War_II\" >List of Japanese government and military commanders of World War II: Wikis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.quora.com\/Did-Japan-really-think-they-could-beat-the-US-in-WWII\" >Did Japan really think that they could beat the US in WWII? \u2013 Quora.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rense.com\/general72\/jee.htm\" >Whitewashing Hiroshima \u2013 The Uncritical Glorification Of American Militarism, by Gary G. Kohls \u2013 Japan Tried to Surrender After Midway, by J Bruce Campbell<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1945-1952\/japan-reconstruction\" >Milestones 1945 \u2013 52 \u2013 Occupation and Reconstruction of Japan, 1945 \u2013 1952 \u2013 Office of the Historian \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/afe.easia.columbia.edu\/special\/japan_1900_power.htm\" >Japan\u2019s Quest for Power and World War II in Asia \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_of_Japan\" >Empire of Japan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/afe.easia.columbia.edu\/main_pop\/kpct\/kp_koreaimperialism.htm\" >Korea as a Colony of Japan, 1910 \u2013 1945 \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/taiwandocuments.org\/japansurrender.htm\" >The Surrender of Japanese Forces in China, Indonesia, and Formosa \u2013 TaiwanDocuments.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/afp-veterans-gather-as-taiwan-marks-japans-wwii-defeat-2015-7\" >Veterans gather as Taiwan marks Japan\u2019s WWII defeat \u2013 July 4, 2015 \u2013 Business Insider<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Impacts and\/or After-effects of Japan\u2019s Surrender:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2014\/08\/14\/national\/history\/surrender-lasting-impact-many-japanese-wars-end\/#.VbeONPmufX5\" >Surrender had lasting impact on many Japanese after war\u2019s end \u2013 August 14, 2014 \u2013 The Japan Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.phoenixbonsai.com\/BigPicture\/PostWarJapan.html\" >SOME OF THE SERIOUS CONDITIONS OF JAPAN AFTER WORLD WAR II, complied by Robert J. Baran<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yale.edu\/lawweb\/avalon\/un\/unchart.htm#art107\" >Articles 107<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yale.edu\/lawweb\/avalon\/un\/unchart.htm#art53\" >53<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Charter\" >Charter of the United Nations<\/a>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yale.edu\/lawweb\/avalon\/un\/unchart.htm\" >All the Articles of the Charter of the United Nations \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Dragoon\" >Operation Dragoon<\/a>: Allied forces land in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_France\" >southern France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Pedestal\" >Operation Pedestal<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SS_Ohio\" >SS\u00a0<em>Ohio<\/em><\/a> reaches the island of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malta\" >Malta<\/a> barely afloat carrying vital fuel supplies for the island&#8217;s defenses.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>Corporal <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josef_Jakobs\" >Josef Jakobs<\/a> is executed by firing squad at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tower_of_London\" >Tower of London<\/a> at 07:12, making him the last person to be executed at the Tower for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Espionage\" >espionage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Italy\" >Italian<\/a> submarine torpedoes and sinks the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_cruiser_Elli_%281912%29\" >Greek cruiser <em>Elli<\/em><\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tinos\" >Tinos<\/a> harbor during peacetime, marking the most serious Italian provocation prior to the outbreak of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greco-Italian_War\" >Greco-Italian War<\/a> in October.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1935\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Will_Rogers\" >Will Rogers<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wiley_Post\" >Wiley Post<\/a> are killed after their aircraft develops engine problems during takeoff in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barrow,_Alaska\" >Barrow, Alaska<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War\" >Polish\u2013Soviet War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Warsaw_%281920%29\" >Battle of Warsaw<\/a>, so-called Miracle at the Vistula.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1915\u00a0 <\/strong>A story in <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_World\" >New York World<\/a><\/em> newspaper reveals that the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Empire\" >Imperial German government<\/a> had purchased excess <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phenol\" >phenol<\/a> from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Edison\" >Thomas Edison<\/a> that could be used to make explosives for the war effort and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Phenol_Plot\" >diverted it<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bayer\" >Bayer<\/a> for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aspirin\" >aspirin<\/a> production.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: Beginning of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Cer\" >Battle of Cer<\/a>, the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_I\" >Allied<\/a> victory of World War I.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1st_Army_%28Russian_Empire%29\" >First Russian Army<\/a>, led by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_von_Rennenkampf\" >Paul von Rennenkampf<\/a>, enters <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Prussia\" >East Prussia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama_Canal\" >Panama Canal<\/a> opens to traffic with the transit of the cargo ship <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SS_Ancon_%281901%29\" >SS\u00a0<em>Ancon<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eclipse.co.uk\/~sl5763\/panama.htm\" >The Panama Canal \u2013 Eclipse.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Panama_Canal\" >History of the Panama Canal \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.latinamericanstudies.org\/canal\/canal-history.htm\" >Brief History of Panama Canal \u2013 LatinAmericanStudies.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/geography.about.com\/od\/specificplacesofinterest\/a\/panamacanal.htm\" >Panama Canal \u2013 Panama Canal Was completed in 1914 \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushistory.org\/us\/44g.asp\" >The Panama Canal \u2013 US History \u2013 USHistory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1899-1913\/panama-canal\" >Building the Panama Canal 1903 \u2013 1914 \u2013 Office of the Historian \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/videos\/panama-canal-locks\" >Panama Canal Locks \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/7-fascinating-facts-about-the-panama-canal\" >7 Fascinating Facts About the Panama Canal \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/canalmuseum.com\/\" >Online Panama Canal History Museum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thefreeresource.com\/panama-canal-facts-history-when-it-was-built-its-expansion-and-resources\/\" >Panama Canal: Facts, History, and Resources \u2013 TheFreeResource.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab28\" >History of Panama \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.princess.com\/learn\/cruise-destinations\/panama-canal-cruises\/history\/\" >PANAMA CANAL HISTORY \u2013 Princess.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/features\/timeline\/panama\/\" >Timeline \u2013 Creating the [Panama] Canal \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1907\u00a0 <\/strong>Ordination in Constantinople of Fr. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raphael_Morgan\" >Raphael Morgan<\/a>, the first African-American <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_Orthodox_Church\" >Orthodox<\/a> priest, &#8220;Priest-Apostolic&#8221; to America and the West Indies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1893\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ibadan\" >Ibadan<\/a> area becomes a British <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protectorate\" >Protectorate<\/a> after a treaty signed by Fijabi, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olubadan\" >Baale of Ibadan<\/a> with the British acting Governor of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lagos_Colony\" >Lagos<\/a>, George C. Denton.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nairaland.com\/1409406\/history-ibadan-pix-old-ibadan\" >History of Ibadan \u2013 Nairaland.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Ibadan\" >Ibadan \u2013 Nigeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/ibadan.html\" >Ibadan \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ibadanlanda.org\/Olubadan.html\" >Olubadan \u2013 IbadanLanda.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/macosconsultancy.com\/Ibadan%20metropolitan.html\" >IBADAN METROPOLITAN AREA AND THE CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, by Tamori M.A.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.world66.com\/africa\/nigeria\/ibadan\/history\" >History in Ibadan \u2013 World66.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1869\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_Meiji_Japan\" >Meiji government<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a> establishes six new ministries, including one for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shinto\" >Shinto<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meiji_period\" >The Meiji period &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shinbutsu_bunri\" >Shinbutsu bunri \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2007\/09\/04\/reference\/japans-shinto-buddhist-religious-medley\/#.Vbo0NfmufX5\" >Japan\u2019s Shinto-Buddhist religious medley, by Eric Prideaux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_Shinto\" >State Shinto &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.faithology.com\/history\/the-emergence-of-the-state-shinto-denomination\" >The Emergence of the State Shinto Domination \u2013 Faithology.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp\/nfile\/2286\" >The Establishment of Shrine Shinto in Meiji Japan, by Wilbur M. Fridell<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japan-guide.com\/e\/e2130.html\" >The Meiji Period (1968 \u2013 1912) \u2013 Japan-Guide.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/afe.easia.columbia.edu\/special\/japan_1750_meiji.htm\" >The Meiji Restoration and Modernization \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onmarkproductions.com\/html\/shinto.shtml\" >SHINT\u014c GUIDEBOOK \u2013 OnMarkProductions.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japanspecialist.co.uk\/travel-tips\/shinto-buddhism\/\" >Shinto &amp; Buddhism \u2013 JapanSpecialit.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1863\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombardment_of_Kagoshima\" >Anglo-Satsuma War<\/a> begins between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satsuma_Domain\" >Satsuma Domain<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >United Kingdom<\/a> (Traditional <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_calendar\" >Japanese date<\/a>: July 2, 1863).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1843\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Peace\" >Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honolulu\" >Honolulu, Hawaii<\/a> is dedicated. Now the cathedral of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu\" >Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu<\/a>, it is the oldest <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catholic_Church\" >Roman Catholic<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cathedral\" >cathedral<\/a> in continuous use in the United States.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1824\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette\" >Marquis de Lafayette<\/a>, the last surviving French general of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Revolutionary_War\" >American Revolutionary War<\/a>, arrives in New York and begins a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Visit_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_to_the_United_States\" >tour of 24 states<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1812\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_1812\" >War of 1812<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Fort_Dearborn\" >Battle of Fort Dearborn<\/a> is fought between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> troops and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potawatomi\" >Potawatomi<\/a> at what is now <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago\" >Chicago, Illinois<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1760\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seven_Years%27_War\" >Seven Years&#8217; War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Liegnitz_%281760%29\" >Battle of Liegnitz<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frederick_the_Great\" >Frederick the Great<\/a>&#8216;s victory over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austrians\" >Austrians<\/a> under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Gideon_von_Laudon\" >Ernst Gideon von Laudon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1695\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_France\" >French<\/a> forces end the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombardment_of_Brussels\" >bombardment of Brussels<\/a>, leaving a third of the buildings in the city in ruins.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>AUGUST 16<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>The ferry <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MV_St._Thomas_Aquinas\" ><em>St. Thomas Aquinas<\/em><\/a> collides with a cargo ship and sinks at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cebu\" >Cebu<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a>, killing 61 people and 59 others missing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2012<\/strong>\u00a0 The US State Department states the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/16th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement#Attendance_of_Ban_Ki-Moon\" >UN Secretary-General&#8217;s decision to attend the 120-member Non-Aligned Movement summit<\/a> is &#8216;strange&#8217; and &#8216;not a good signal&#8217;.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-Aligned_Movement\" >Non-Aligned Movement \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/treaties-and-regimes\/non-aligned-movement-nam\/\" >Non-Aligned Movement \u2013 (NAM) \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/nonaligned-movement.html\" >Nonaligned Movement \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indepthnews.info\/index.php\/global-issues\/1120-non-aligned-nations-face-new-challenges\" >\u201c<em>UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon&#8217;s decision to attend the sixteenth summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM16) in Tehran from August 26 to 31follows the precedent set by his predecessors and reaffirms the interlinked relationship between the UN and NAM<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 NON-ALIGNED NATIONS FACE NEW CHALLENGES, Ernest Corea \u2013 IndeapthNews.info<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Police_Service\" >South African police<\/a> fatally shoot 34 miners and wound 78 more during an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marikana_miners%27_strike\" >industrial dispute<\/a> near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rustenburg\" >Rustenburg<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar_flare\" >solar flare<\/a> from the Sun creates a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geomagnetic_storm\" >geomagnetic storm<\/a> that affects micro chips, leading to a halt of all trading on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toronto_Stock_Exchange\" >Toronto&#8217;s stock market<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Solar Flares and Humans:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailysheeple.com\/solar-flare-warning-15-chance-of-x-flares-during-the-next-24-hours_022013\" >\u201c<em>In August of that year <\/em>[1989]<em>, another solar flare was responsible for causing a halt to the Toronto Stock exchange<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Solar Flare Warning: 15% change of X flares during the next 24 hours \u2013 The Daily Sheeple<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.solarstorms.org\/SWChapter6.html\" >\u201c..<em>1989 a series of powerful solar flares &#8230; the Toronto Stock Exchange closed unexpectedly<\/em> &#8230;\u201d They Call Them \u2018Satellite Anomalies\u2019 \u2013 Space Weather<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov\/sftheory\/spaceweather.htm\" >Space Weather: What impact do solar flares have in human activities? \u2013 NASA.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thehealersjournal.com\/2013\/09\/25\/effects-of-solar-flares-on-human-behavoir\/\" >How Solar Activity and Changes in Earth\u2019s Magnetic Field Affect Human Consciousness and Health \u2013 TheHealersJournal.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/themindunleashed.org\/2013\/07\/how-solar-flares-directly-effect-human.html\" >How solar flares directly affect human consciousness \u2013 TheMindUnleased.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.commdiginews.com\/health-science\/health\/the-impact-of-solar-flares-on-the-human-mood-and-psyche-25963\/\" >The impact of solar flares on the human mood and psyche \u2013 CommDigiNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.carliniinstitute.com\/how_solar_flares_are_affecing_us\" >How solar flares are affecting us \u2013 Carlini Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/preventdisease.com\/news\/11\/022811_solar_activity_consciousness.shtml\" >How solar activity is influencing human consciousness \u2013 PreventDisease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.messagetoeagle.com\/sunactivityhealth.php#.Vbz7CfmufX4\" >How Solar Flares Affect Human Health &#8211; Our Mind And Body \u2013 MessagetoEagle.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project \u2013 UNLV<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ntsi131.nci.nih.gov\/fallout\/Chapter2.pdf\" >History of the Nevada Test Site and Nuclear Testing Background<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fourmilab.ch\/etexts\/www\/atomic_tests_nevada\/\" >ATOMIC TEST EFFECTS IN THE NEVADA TEST SITE REGION \u2013 UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION, JANURARY 1955<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt\" >1972\u00a0 In an unsuccessful coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat attempt<\/a><\/strong>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Moroccan_Air_Force\" >Royal Moroccan Air Force<\/a> fires upon <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hassan_II_of_Morocco\" >Hassan II of Morocco<\/a>&#8216;s plane while he is traveling back to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rabat\" >Rabat<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Morocco\" >History of Morocco \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac97\" >History of Morocco \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/morocco-country-africa-history.html\" >Morocco \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/glossarym\/g\/defMorocco.htm\" >A Brief History of Morocco \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/moroccan-king-survives-attack-by-own-air-force\" >Moroccan king survives attack by own air force \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/middleeast.about.com\/od\/thisdayinmideasthistory\/ig\/August-14-August-20-in-Mideast\/King-Hassan-Assassination.htm\" >August 16, 1972: Airborne Assassination Attempt on Morocco\u2019s King \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalatinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/732\/\" >Semipalatinsk Test Site \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/appraisals\/semipalatinsk.asp\" >The Semipalatinsk Test Site \u2013 IAEA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/prosites-kazakhembus.homestead.com\/nuc_h.html\" >SEMIPALATINSK: NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE OF KAZAKHSTAN \u2013 HomeStead.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/JC-143920.pdf\" >Radionuclide Contamination at Kazakhstan\u2019s Semipalatinsk Test Site: Implications of Human and Ecological Health, by M. Carlsen, L.E. Peterson, B.A. Ulsh, C.A. Werner, K.L., and Purvis, A.C. Sharber<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.world-education-center.org\/index.php\/paas\/article\/viewArticle\/2522\" >Problems of protection of citizens\u2019 rights in the Republic of Kazakhstan, living in areas of ecological disaster, by Nazugl Mukasheva<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>Vietnam War: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee\" >House Un-American Activities Committee<\/a> begins investigations of Americans who have aided the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viet_Cong\" >Viet Cong<\/a>. The committee intends to introduce legislation making these activities illegal. Anti-war demonstrators disrupt the meeting and 50 people are arrested.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/congress-investigates-antiwar-demonstrators\" >Congress investigate antiwar demonstrators \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com\/House+Un+-American+Activities+Committee\" >House Un-American Activities Committee \u2013 TheFreeDictionary.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aavw.org\/protest\/subversive_huac_abstract05_excerpt.html\" >House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) \u2013 AAVW.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: A <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat<\/a><\/em> replaces <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_V%C4%83n_Minh\" >D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Minh<\/a> with General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Kh%C3%A1nh\" >Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u00e1nh<\/a> as President of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>. A new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution\" >constitution<\/a> is established with aid from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_United_States\" >US Embassy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1964_South_Vietnamese_coup\" >1964 South Vietnamese coup &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Covert_United_States_foreign_regime_change_actions#South_Vietnam_1963\" >United States foreign regime change actions \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/lhccshtd.org\/LHCCSHTD_LS\/QLVNCH\/LVH\/LHCCSHTD_LS_QLVNCH_LVH_LesssonFromTheVietNamWar_2012JUN07.htm\" >LESSONS FROM THE VIET NAM WAR<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong>Eight years after the remaining <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_India\" >French India<\/a> territories were handed to India, the ratifications of the treaty are exchanged to make the transfer official.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/french-india.html\" >French India \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_people_in_India\" >French people in India \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/french-and-indian-war\" >FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/french-and-indian-war\/videos\" >FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR Videos \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushistory.org\/Declaration\/related\/frin.htm\" >The French &amp; Indian War \u2013 USHistory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa48\" >HISTORY OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/etc.usf.edu\/maps\/pages\/700\/786\/786.htm\" >British Colonies After the French and Indian War \u2013 USF.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/u-s-history\/textbooks\/boundless-u-s-history-textbook\/the-expansion-and-crises-of-the-colonies-1650-1750-4\/the-colonial-wars-49\/the-french-and-indian-war-303-9654\/\" >The French and Indian War was fought between the colonies of Great Britain and New France, supported by military troops from Europe. \u2013 Boundless.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.studymode.com\/essays\/French-And-Indian-War-And-It%27s-65673.html\" >French and Indian War and Its Effect on British-Colonial Relations \u2013 StudyMode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VJ31VuyTWB4\" >YouTube video (3 min. 53 sec.): History Brief: The French and Indian War<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyprus\" >Cyprus<\/a> gains its independence from the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/cyprus.html\" >Cyprus \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/cyprus\/3.htm\" >History \u2013 Cyprus \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Cyprus\" >History of Cyprus \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Cyprus\" >History of Cyprus \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Cyprus_since_1878\" >History of Cyprus since 1878 &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/cyprus\/history\" >History \u2013 Cyprus \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.agiasofia.com\/cyprus.html\" >CYPRUS HISTOY \u2013 AgiaSofia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyprus%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations\" >Cyprus and the United Kingdom relations &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Hyderabad_Trade_Union_Congress\" >All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress<\/a> is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secunderabad\" >Secunderabad<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Direct_Action_Day\" >Mass riots<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kolkata\" >Kolkata<\/a> begin, in which more than 4,000 would be killed in 72 hours.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/massviolence.org\/The-Calcutta-Riots-of-1946\" >The Calcutta Riots of 1946 \u2013 Case Study \u2013 Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/jyotibasumemoirs.wordpress.com\/2009\/04\/02\/chapter-vii-the-riots-of-1946\/\" >CHAPTER VII: The Riots of 1946 \u2013 JOTI BASU MEMOIRS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oldindianphotos.in\/2011\/01\/calcutta-communal-riot-or-great.html\" >Calcutta Communal Riot or Great Calcutta Killings \u2013 August 1946 \u2013 OldIndianPhotos.in<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oldindianphotos.in\/2011\/01\/life-during-calcutta-kolkata-communal.html\" >Life During Calcutta (Kolkata) Communal Riot \u2013 August 1946 (Part 1) \u2013 OldIndianPhotos.in<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>The National Representatives&#8217; Congress, the precursor of the current <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam\" >National Assembly of Vietnam<\/a>, convenes in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C6%A1n_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng\" >S\u01a1n D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puyi\" >Puyi<\/a>, the last Chinese emperor and ruler of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manchukuo\" >Manchukuo<\/a>, is captured by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> troops.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination\" >assassination<\/a> attempt is made on Japan&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_minister\" >prime minister<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kantar%C5%8D_Suzuki\" >Kantar\u014d Suzuki<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2db.com\/person_bio.php?person_id=292\" >Kantaro Suzuki \u2013 World War II Database<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2db.com\/person_bio.php?person_id=292\" >Kantaro Suzuki (1867 \u2013 1948) &#8211; The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/2WWsuzuki.htm\" >Kantaro Suzuki \u2013 Spartacas-Educational.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The two-person crew of the U.S. naval blimp L-8 disappears without a trace on a routine anti-submarine patrol over the Pacific Ocean. The blimp drifts without her crew and crash-lands in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daly_City,_California\" >Daly City, California<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1929\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1929_Palestine_riots\" >1929 Palestine riots<\/a> break out in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mandatory_Palestine\" >Mandatory Palestine<\/a> between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_Arabs\" >Palestinian Arabs<\/a> and Jews and continue until the end of the month. In total, 133 Jews and 116 Arabs are killed.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestinefacts.org\/pf_mandate_riots_1929.php\" >Palestine Arab Riots 1929 \u2013 PalestineFacts.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.zionism-israel.com\/Palestine_Massacre_riots_of_1929.htm\" >The Palestine Riots and Massacres of 1929 \u2013 Zioism-Israel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyillustratedmagazine.com\/q\/1929_Palestine_riots\" >1929 Palestine riots \u2013 HistoryIllustratedMagazine.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldlibrary.org\/articles\/1929_Palestine_riots\" >1929 PALESTINE RIOTS \u2013 WorldPublicLibrary.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digplanet.com\/wiki\/1929_Safed_riots\" >The 1929 Safed Riots \u2013 DigPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/domino.un.org\/unispal.nsf\/0\/5f21f8a1ca578a57052566120067f658?OpenDocument\" >LEAGUE OF NATIONS \u2013 PERMANENT MANDATED COMMISSION \u2013 MINUTES OF SEVENTEENTH (EXTRAORDINARY) SESSION, Held at Geneva from June 3<sup>rd<\/sup> to 21<sup>st<\/sup>, 1930 &#8211; Policy of the British Government in Palestine : Supplementary Statement by the Accredited Representative of the Mandatory Power.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1923\u00a0 <\/strong>The United Kingdom gives the name &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ross_Dependency\" >Ross Dependency<\/a>&#8221; to part of its claimed Antarctic territory and makes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governor_General_of_New_Zealand\" >Governor General<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominion_of_New_Zealand\" >Dominion of New Zealand<\/a> its administrator.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War\" >Polish\u2013Soviet War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Radzymin_%281920%29\" >Battle of Radzymin<\/a> concludes; the Soviet <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Army\" >Red Army<\/a> is forced to turn away from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw\" >Warsaw<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historynet.com\/polish-soviet-war-battle-of-warsaw.htm\" >Polish \u2013 Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw \u2013 HistoryNet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/warfarehistorian.blogspot.com\/2013\/09\/polish-soviet-war-1919-1920-part-i.html\" >Polish \u2013 Soviet War 1919 \u2013 1920 \u2013 Warfare Historian Blog<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Russo-Polish-War-1919-1920\" >Russo \u2013 Polish War 1919 \u2013 1920 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>The congress of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Party_of_Bukhara\" >Communist Party of Bukhara<\/a> opens. The congress would call for armed revolution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ray_Chapman\" >Ray Chapman<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cleveland_Indians\" >Cleveland Indians<\/a> is hit on the head by a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fastball\" >fastball<\/a> thrown by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carl_Mays\" >Carl Mays<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Yankees\" >New York Yankees<\/a>, and dies early the next day. Chapman was the second player to die from injuries sustained in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Major_League_Baseball\" >Major League Baseball<\/a> game, the first being <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doc_Powers\" >Doc Powers<\/a> in 1909.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Lake_Baikal\" >Battle of Lake Baikal<\/a> was fought between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czechoslovak_legion\" >Czechoslovak legion<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Army\" >Red Army<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong>T\u014dhoku Imperial University of Japan (modern day <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tohoku.ac.jp\/en\/\" >Tohoku University<\/a>) becomes the first university in Japan to admit female students.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tohoku_University#History\" >\u201c<em>From its start, it has advocated &#8220;Open-door&#8221; policies\u2014it was the first university in Japan to accept female students and foreign students<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 History &#8211; Tohoku University &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Higher_education_in_Japan\" >Higher education in Japan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0889158303000042\" >Women\u2019s higher education in Japan: Family background, economic factors, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Law \u2013 ScienceDirect.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ideas.time.com\/2013\/09\/27\/whats-holding-japanese-women-back\/\" >What\u2019s Holding Japanese Women Back \u2013 27 September 2013 \u2013 TIME<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/yaleglobal.yale.edu\/content\/women-more-educated-men-still-paid-less-men\" >Women More Educated Than Men But Still Paid Less \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong>An estimated <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1906_Valpara%C3%ADso_earthquake\" >8.2 M<sub>W<\/sub> earthquake<\/a> hits <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valpara%C3%ADso\" >Valpara\u00edso<\/a>, Chile, killing 3,886 people.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1900\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Elands_River_%281900%29\" >Battle of Elands River<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Boer_War\" >Second Boer War<\/a> ends after a 13-day siege is lifted by the British. The battle had begun when a force of between 2,000 and 3,000 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boer\" >Boers<\/a> had surrounded a force of 500 Australians, Rhodesians, Canadians and British soldiers at a supply dump at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elands_River\" >Brakfontein Drift<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.marico.co.za\/Elandsriver\/\" >The Anglo Boer War Centenary Commemoration \u2013 The Siege of the Elands River Staging Post: 4 \u2013 16 August 1900<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1896\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Keish\" >Skookum Jim Mason<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Carmack\" >George Carmack<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dawson_Charlie\" >Dawson Charlie<\/a> discover gold in a tributary of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klondike_River\" >Klondike River<\/a> in Canada, setting off the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klondike_Gold_Rush\" >Klondike Gold Rush<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1891\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basilica_of_San_Sebastian,_Manila\" >Basilica of San Sebastian<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manila\" >Manila<\/a>, the first all-steel church in Asia, is officially inaugurated and blessed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1870\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franco-Prussian_War\" >Franco-Prussian War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Mars-la-Tour\" >Battle of Mars-la-Tour<\/a> is fought, resulting in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Prussia\" >Prussian<\/a> victory.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1869\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Acosta_%C3%91u\" >Battle of Acosta \u00d1u<\/a>: A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraguay\" >Paraguayan<\/a> battalion made up of children is massacred by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brazilian_Army\" >Brazilian Army<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraguayan_War\" >Paraguayan War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1863\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominican_Restoration_War\" >Dominican Restoration War<\/a> begins when <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregorio_Luper%C3%B3n\" >Gregorio Luper\u00f3n<\/a> raises the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic\" >Dominican flag<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Santo_Domingo\" >Santo Domingo<\/a> after Spain had recolonized the country.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1859\u00a0 <\/strong>The Tuscan National Assembly formally deposes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_of_Lorraine\" >House of Habsburg-Lorraine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1858\u00a0 <\/strong>US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Buchanan\" >James Buchanan<\/a> inaugurates the new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable\" >transatlantic telegraph cable<\/a> by exchanging greetings with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Victoria\" >Queen Victoria<\/a> of the United Kingdom. However, a weak signal forces a shutdown of the service in a few weeks.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1841\u00a0 <\/strong>US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Tyler\" >John Tyler<\/a> vetoes a bill which called for the re-establishment of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Bank_of_the_United_States\" >Second Bank of the United States<\/a>. Enraged <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whig_Party_%28United_States%29\" >Whig Party<\/a> members riot outside the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House\" >White House<\/a> in the most violent demonstration on White House grounds in U.S. history.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1819\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peterloo_Massacre\" >Peterloo Massacre<\/a>: Seventeen people die and over 600 are injured in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cavalry\" >cavalry<\/a> charges at a public meeting at St. Peter&#8217;s Field, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manchester\" >Manchester<\/a>, England.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1812\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_1812\" >War of 1812<\/a>: American General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Hull\" >William Hull<\/a> surrenders <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fort_Shelby_%28Michigan%29\" >Fort Detroit<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Detroit\" >without a fight<\/a> to the British Army.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1793\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Revolution\" >French Revolution<\/a>: A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lev%C3%A9e_en_masse\" >lev\u00e9e en masse<\/a> is decreed by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Convention\" >National Convention<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1792\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maximilien_de_Robespierre\" >Maximilien de Robespierre<\/a> presents the petition of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris_Commune_%28French_Revolution%29\" >Commune of Paris<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Legislative_Assembly_%28France%29\" >Legislative Assembly<\/a>, which demanded the formation of a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revolutionary_Tribunal\" >revolutionary tribunal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>______________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.\u00a0 His interest and\/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project\/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental\/ecological issues, audio\/visual documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment<\/em><\/a><em>, he is currently compiling <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/category\/history\/\" >This Week in History<\/a> <em>on <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/\" >TMS<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>(<em>Sources and references:<\/em><\/strong><em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_10\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_10<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to August_16; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/day\/august\/10\" >http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/day\/august\/10<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to august\/16; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/august_10.html\" >http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/august_10.html<\/a> to august_16.html; and other pertinent web sites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<\/em><strong>) <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and\/or documents.<\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about \u201cpeace\u201d, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external\/outer peace and internal\/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and\/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address \u201cpeace\u201d through peace journalism.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>August 10-16 &#8211; QUOTE OF THE WEEK: \u201cBe happy for this moment.  This moment is your life.\u201d \u2013 Omar Khayyam<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62085","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62085","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62085"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62085\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62085"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62085"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}