{"id":62470,"date":"2015-08-17T12:00:02","date_gmt":"2015-08-17T11:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=62470"},"modified":"2015-08-15T16:20:27","modified_gmt":"2015-08-15T15:20:27","slug":"this-week-in-history-37","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/08\/this-week-in-history-37\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>August 17-23<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>QUOTE OF THE WEEK:<\/strong><br \/>\n<em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyquote.com\/quotes\/quotes\/d\/daghammars100818.html\" >\u201cNever measure the height of a mountain until you have reached the top. Then you will see how low it was.\u201d<\/a><\/em> \u2013 Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld<\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 17<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong>Over 500 bombs are <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2005_Bangladesh_bombings\" >set off by terrorists<\/a> at 300 locations in 63 out of the 64 districts of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangladesh\" >Bangladesh<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2005\/WORLD\/asiapcf\/08\/17\/bangladesh.blasts\/\" >Bomb blasts shake Bangladesh \u2013 CNN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/south_asia\/4158478.stm\" >Bombs explode across Bangladesh &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/almanac.afpc.org\/Bangladesh\" >Bangladesh \u2013 The American Foreign Council\u2019s WORLD ALMANAC OF ISLAMISM<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Terrorism and Islam? :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terrorism\" >Terrorism &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aleteia.org\/en\/world\/article\/isis-and-the-future-of-terrorism-5830089816145920\" >ISIS and the Future of Terrorism \u2013 Aleteia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISIL_beheading_incidents\" >ISIL beheading incidents \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/organizations\/a\/al_qaeda\/index.html\" >Al Qaeda \u2013 CHRONOLOGY OF COVERAGE \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KptAIZh2Gew&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (0 min. 53 sec.): \u201cWe Helped Created ISIS\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WnLvzV9xAHA&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (1 min. 23 sec.): Hilary Clinton: \u2018We Created al-Qaeda\u2019<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SOGK57xs5Ro&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube vided (2 min. 29 sec.): US Senators: We\u2019ve funding ISIS all the time.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LAFHOHIiFZA&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (6 min. 43 sec.): Wesley Clarke Told The Truth<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/06\/this-week-in-history-30\/\" >For more relevant information on ISIS\/ISIL and Al Qaeda, visit JUNE 29, 2014 of the This Week in History.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/islam.uga.edu\/jihad.html\" >Jihad, War, Terrorism, and Peace in Islam \u2013 UGA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.alislam.org\/library\/books\/mna\/chapter_9.html\" >CHAPTER NINE: Islamic Terrorism? \u2013 AlIslam.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/target\/etc\/modern.html\" >The Evolution of Islamic Terrorism \u2013 An Overview \u2013 FRONTLINE \u2013 PBC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.loonwatch.com\/2010\/01\/not-all-terrorists-are-muslims\/\" >\u201c<em>But perception is not reality.\u00a0 The data simply does not support such a hasty conclusion.\u00a0 On the FBI\u2019s official website, there exists a chronological list of all terrorist attacks committed on U.S. soil from the year 1980 all the way to 2005\u2026..According to this data, there were more Jewish acts of terrorism within the United States than Islamic (7% vs 6%).\u201d<\/em> \u2013 All Terrorists are Muslims, Except the 94% that Aren\u2019t \u2013 LoonWatch.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2010\/US\/01\/06\/muslim.radicalization.study\/\" >Study: Threat of Muslim-American terrorism in US exaggerated \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dukespace.lib.duke.edu\/dspace\/handle\/10161\/7538\" >Anti-Terror Lessons of Muslim-Americans, by DH Schanzer, Charles Kurzman, and Ebrahim Moosa \u2013 Duke University Libraries<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/discover.islamway.net\/articles.php?article_id=47\" >What does Islam say about terrorism? \u2013 IslamWay.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Religious Terrorism:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religious_terrorism\" >Religious terrorism \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/1449729\/Violent_Terrorism_in_the_Name_of_Religion\" >Violent Terrorism in the Name of Religion \u2013 Academia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/terrorism.about.com\/od\/politicalislamterrorism\/tp\/Religious-terrorism.htm\" ><em>Buddhism and Terrorism; Christianity and Terrorism; Hinduism and Terrorism; Islam and Terrorism; Judaism and Terrorism<\/em> \u2013 Religious Terrorism \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jewish_religious_terrorism\" >Jewish religious terrorism \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.columbian.com\/news\/2015\/aug\/02\/israel-vows-crackdown-jewish-terrorism\/\" >Israel vows crackdown \u2018Jewish terrorism\u2019 \u2013 Columbian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.israelnationalnews.com\/News\/News.aspx\/198917#.Vb9mZfmufX4\" >Sharked: Jewish Terrorism Worse than Arab Terrorism, by Shlomo Pitrikovsky \u2013 IsraelNationalNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/victoriajackson.com\/10661\/christian-terrorists-vs-muslim-terrorists\" >Christian Terrorists vs Muslim Terrorists, by Victoria Jackson \u2013 March 5, 2014 \u2013 VictoriaJackson.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thinkprogress.org\/justice\/2014\/12\/04\/3599271\/austin-shooter-christian-extremism\/\" >\u201c<em>But there is a long history of terrorist attacks resembling McQuilliams\u2019 rampage across Austin \u2014 where violence is carried out in the name of Christianity \u2014 in the United States and abroad<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 The Christian Terrorist Movement No One Wants To Talk About, by Jack Jenkins \u2013 December 4, 2014 \u2013 ThinkProgress.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jewish_religious_terrorism#After_the_creation_of_Israel\" >\u201c<em>According to a study by the political scientist Noemi Gal-Or, since the creation of Israel, Jewish terrorism has been assessed as &#8220;far less significant&#8221; than Arab terrorism<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Jewish religious terrorism &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/world.time.com\/2013\/06\/20\/extremist-buddhist-monks-fight-oppression-with-violence\/\" >Straying from the Middle Way: Extremist Buddhist Monks Target Religious Minorities, by Hannah Beech \u2013 June 20, 2013 &#8211; TIME<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldaffairsjournal.org\/article\/terror-burma-buddhists-vs-muslims\" >Terror in Burma: Buddhists vs. Muslims, by Peter A. Coclanis \u2013 World Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhist_Terrorism#Myanmar\" >\u201c<em>Myanmar had become a strong hold of Buddhist aggression and such acts are spurred by hardline nationalistic monks. The oldest militant organisation active in the region is Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA), headed by a Buddhist monk U Thuzana, since 1992. In the recent years the monks, and the terrorist acts, are associated with the nationalist 969 Movement particularly in Myanmar and neighboring nations<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Buddhist terrorism &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saffron_terror\" >\u201c<em>Saffron terror<\/em><em> is a used to describe acts of violence motivated by Hindu nationalism<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Saffron terror \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u2018<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/Hindu-terror-coined-by-UPA-weakened-Indias-stand-on-terrorism-Rajnath-Singh\/articleshow\/48294135.cms\" >Hindu terror\u2019, coined by UPA, weakened India\u2019s stand on terrorism: Rajnath Singh \u2013 IndiaTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tax-increase.beforeitsnews.com\/eu\/2015\/08\/hindu-terrorism-2587294.html\" >Hindu Terrorism \u2013 BEFORE IT\u2019S NEWS.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong>The first forced <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan\" >evacuation<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Settler\" >settlers<\/a>, as part of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan\" >Israel&#8217;s unilateral disengagement plan<\/a>, starts.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arij.org\/atlas40\/chapter4.2.html\" >\u201c<em>On August 17, 2005<strong>,<\/strong> the first forced evacuation of settlers, as part of the &#8216;disengagement&#8217;, started. About 14,000 Israeli soldiers and police personal prepared to forcibly evacuate settlers<\/em>,\u2026\u201d \u2013 40 Years Of Israeli Occupation 1967 \u2013 2007 \u2013 ARIJ.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wcl.american.edu\/hrbrief\/13\/israeli.pdf\" >Israel\u2019s Disengagement Plan: Unilateralism in the Face of Multilateral Agreements, by Brandon Hollinder \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.il\/mfa\/foreignpolicy\/peace\/guide\/pages\/israeli%20disengagement%20plan%2020-jan-2005.aspx\" >Israel\u2019s Disengagement Plan \u2013 Selected Documents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/behind-israels-disengagement\/\" >Behind Israel\u2019s \u2018Disengagement\u2019 \u2013 CBS News<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adl.org\/israel-international\/israel-middle-east\/content\/AG\/disengagement.html\" >Disengagement \u2013 ADL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Assembly_of_Serbia\" >National Assembly of Serbia<\/a> unanimously adopts new state symbols for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbia\" >Serbia<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bo%C5%BEe_pravde\" >Bo\u017ee pravde<\/a> becomes the new anthem and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia\" >coat of arms<\/a> is adopted for the whole country.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>A 7.4-magnitude <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1999_%C4%B0zmit_earthquake\" >earthquake<\/a> strikes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0zmit\" >\u0130zmit<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a>, killing more than 17,000 and injuring 44,000.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Pakistan\" >President of Pakistan<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq\" >Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambassadors_of_the_United_States\" >U.S. Ambassador<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arnold_Lewis_Raphel\" >Arnold Raphel<\/a> are killed in a plane crash.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compact_Disc\" >Compact Discs<\/a> (CDs) are released to the public in Germany.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Double_Eagle_II\" >Double Eagle II<\/a><\/em> becomes first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balloon_%28aircraft%29\" >balloon<\/a> to cross the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantic_Ocean\" >Atlantic Ocean<\/a> when it lands in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miserey\" >Miserey<\/a>, France near Paris, 137 hours after leaving <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Presque_Isle,_Maine\" >Presque Isle, Maine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>The Soviet icebreaker <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arktika_%28icebreaker%29\" >Arktika<\/a><\/em> becomes the first surface ship to reach the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Pole\" >North Pole<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venera\" >Venera<\/a> program: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venera_7\" >Venera 7<\/a><\/em> launched. It will later become the first spacecraft to successfully transmit data from the surface of another <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Planet\" >planet<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venus\" >Venus<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East German<\/a> border guards <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Peter_Fechter\" >kill Peter Fechter<\/a>, 18, as he attempts to cross the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin_Wall\" >Berlin Wall<\/a> into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Berlin\" >West Berlin<\/a> becoming one of the first victims of the wall.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/cold-war\/berlin-wall\" >THE BERLIN WALL \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/coldwa1\/a\/berlinwall.htm\" >The Berlin Wall \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.berlinwall.com\/\" >Berlin Wall \u2013 BerlinWall.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.berlin.de\/mauer\/gedenkstaetten\/berliner_mauer\/index.en.php\" >Berlin Memorial \u2013 Berlin.de<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.berlin.de\/mauer\/zahlen_fakten\/index.en.html\" >Berlin Wall \u2013 Facts and Figures \u2013 Berlin.de<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_deaths_at_the_Berlin_Wall\" >List of deaths at the Berlin Wall \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/revealed-tragic-victims-of-the-berlin-wall-411504.html\" >Revealed: Tragic death of the Berlin Wall, by Tony Paterson \u2013 The Independent<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Decolonization\" >Decolonization<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gabon\" >Gabon<\/a> gains independence from France.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Gabon\" >History of Gabon \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/gabon-history.html\" >Gabon \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/gabon\/history\" >Gabon \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad37\" >History of Gabon \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/Cr-Ga\/Gabon.html\" >Culture of Gabon \u2013 CultureWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldtravelguide.net\/gabon\/history-language-culture\" >Gabon History, Language and Culture \u2013 WorldTravelGuide.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quake_Lake\" >Quake Lake<\/a> is formed by the magnitude 7.5 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1959_Hebgen_Lake_earthquake\" >1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake<\/a> near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hebgen_Lake\" >Hebgen Lake<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montana\" >Montana<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.westyellowstonetraveler.com\/features\/quake.shtml\" >West Yellowstone Quake Lake \u2013 Traveler.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/visitmt.com\/listings\/general\/lake\/quake-lake.html\" >QUAKE LAKE \u2013 MONTANA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.seis.utah.edu\/lqthreat\/nehrp_htm\/1959hebg\/1959he1.shtml\" >SUMMARY OF HEBGEN LAKE 1959 EARTHQUAKE \u2013 Utah.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pioneer_0\" >Pioneer 0<\/a><\/em>, America&#8217;s first attempt at lunar orbit, is launched using the first Thor-Able rocket and fails. Notable as one of the first attempted launches beyond <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earth\" >Earth<\/a> orbit by any country.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Substance_dependence\" >Addiction<\/a>: First meeting of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Narcotics_Anonymous\" >Narcotics Anonymous<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_California\" >Southern California<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hill_303_massacre\" >Hill 303 massacre<\/a>: American POWs are shot to death by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_People%27s_Army\" >North Korean Army<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.koreanwaronline.com\/arms\/hill303.htm\" >Hill 303 at Waegwan \u2013 KoreanWarOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.koreanwar-educator.org\/topics\/casualties\/casualties_303_massacre.htm\" >Hill 303 Massacre \u2013 Korean War Casualty Information \u2013 KoreanWar-Educator.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/magazine\/article\/0,9171,813074,00.html\" >Massacre at Hill 303 \u2013 TIME<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/milpas.cc\/rifles\/ZFiles\/Korean%20War%20Weapons\/History\/Hill%20303%20NK%20Murder%20of%20Prisoners.htm\" >Hill 303 Massacre \u2013 MILPAS.cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Kic3SrQBbfI\" >YouTube (2 min 37 sec.): All about &#8211; Hill 303 massacre<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radcliffe_Line\" >Radcliffe Line<\/a>, the border between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominion_of_India\" >Dominion of India<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominion_of_Pakistan\" >Dominion of Pakistan<\/a> is revealed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sukarno\" >Sukarno<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohammad_Hatta\" >Mohammad Hatta<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence\" >proclaim the independence<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia<\/a>, igniting the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesian_National_Revolution\" >Indonesian National Revolution<\/a> against the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_Empire\" >Dutch Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>History of Indonesia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Indonesia\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/indonesia\/history\" >Indonesia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indo.com\/indonesia\/history.html\" >BALI &amp; INDONESIA \u2013 Indo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/indonesia\/p\/indonesiaprof.htm\" >Indonesia | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.asianinfo.org\/asianinfo\/indonesia\/pro-history.htm\" >Indonesia\u2019s History and Background \u2013 AsianInfo.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/indonesia.html\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF INDONESIA \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Indonesian_history\" >Timeline of Indonesian History \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Indonesia-history.htm\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/indonesia.html\" >Indonesia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>The National Revolution:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/indonesia\/16.htm\" >The National Revolution, 1945 \u2013 1950 \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wars.findthedata.com\/l\/143\/Indonesian-National-Revolution\" >Indonesian National Revolution \u2013 FindTheData.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/whythiswar.com\/indonesian-national-revolution.html\" >Indonesian National Revolution \u2013 WhyThisWar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Indonesian_National_Revolution\" >Timeline of the Indonesian National Revolution &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1943<\/strong>\u00a0 World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quebec_Conference,_1943\" >First Qu\u00e9bec Conference<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winston_Churchill\" >Winston Churchill<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King\" >William Lyon Mackenzie King<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Air_Force\" >Royal Air Force<\/a> begins <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Hydra_%281943%29\" >Operation Hydra<\/a>, the first air raid of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Crossbow\" >Operation Crossbow<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II\" >strategic bombing campaign<\/a> against Germany&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V-weapons\" >V-weapon program<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army_Europe\" >U.S. Seventh Army<\/a> under General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_S._Patton\" >George S. Patton<\/a> arrives in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messina\" >Messina<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italy\" >Italy<\/a>, followed several hours later by the British 8th Army under Field Marshal <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bernard_Montgomery,_1st_Viscount_Montgomery_of_Alamein\" >Bernard Montgomery<\/a>, thus completing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allied<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily\" >conquest of Sicily<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The U.S. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eighth_Air_Force\" >Eighth Air Force<\/a> suffers the loss of 60 bombers on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schweinfurt%E2%80%93Regensburg_mission\" >Schweinfurt\u2013Regensburg mission<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >US Marines<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Makin_Island_raid\" >raid<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_of_Japan\" >Japanese<\/a>-held Pacific island of Makin (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Butaritari\" >Butaritari<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: Soviet Army left <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikolaev_%28Ukraine%29\" >Nikolaev<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Krivoi_Rog\" >Krivoi Rog<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bolshevik\" >Bolshevik<\/a> revolutionary leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moisei_Uritsky\" >Moisei Uritsky<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination\" >assassinated<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1915\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Jews\" >Jewish American<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leo_Frank\" >Leo Frank<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lynching\" >lynched<\/a> for the alleged murder of a 13-year-old girl in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marietta,_Georgia\" >Marietta, Georgia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Stallup%C3%B6nen\" >Battle of Stallup\u00f6nen<\/a> \u2013 The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >German<\/a> army of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_officer\" >General<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hermann_von_Fran%C3%A7ois\" >Hermann von Fran\u00e7ois<\/a> defeats the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russian<\/a> force commanded by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_von_Rennenkampf\" >Paul von Rennenkampf<\/a> near modern-day <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nesterov\" >Nesterov<\/a>, Russia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1866\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden\" >Grand Duchy of Baden<\/a> announces her withdrawal from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Confederation\" >German Confederation<\/a> and signs a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg\" >treaty of peace and alliance<\/a> with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prussia\" >Prussia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1862\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Indian_Wars\" >American Indian Wars<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dakota_War_of_1862\" >Dakota War of 1862<\/a> begins in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minnesota\" >Minnesota<\/a> as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lakota_people\" >Lakota<\/a> warriors attack white settlements along the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minnesota_River\" >Minnesota River<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1798\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\" >Vietnamese<\/a> Roman Catholics report a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marian_apparition\" >Marian apparition<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Tr%E1%BB%8B\" >Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb<\/a>, an event which is called <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lady_of_La_Vang\" >Lady of La Vang<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1771\u00a0 <\/strong>Edinburgh botanist James Robertson makes the first recorded ascent of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ben_Nevis\" >Ben Nevis<\/a> in Scotland<\/p>\n<p><strong>1717 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austro-Turkish_War_of_1716%E2%80%9318\" >Austro-Turkish War of 1716\u201318<\/a>: The month-long <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Belgrade_%281717%29\" >Siege of Belgrade<\/a> ends with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prince_Eugene_of_Savoy\" >Prince Eugene of Savoy<\/a>&#8216;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Habsburg_Monarchy\" >Austrian<\/a> troops capturing the city from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 18<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong>President of Pakistan <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pervez_Musharraf\" >Pervez Musharraf<\/a> resigns under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Movement_to_impeach_Pervez_Musharraf\" >threat of impeachment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2005_Java%E2%80%93Bali_blackout\" >massive power blackout<\/a> hits the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" >Indonesian<\/a> island of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Java\" >Java<\/a>, affecting almost 100 million people, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_major_power_outages#Largest\" >one of the largest and most widespread<\/a> power outages in history.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1989 <\/strong>Leading presidential hopeful <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luis_Carlos_Gal%C3%A1n\" >Luis Carlos Gal\u00e1n<\/a> is assassinated near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bogot%C3%A1\" >Bogot\u00e1<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombia\" >Colombia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hurricane_Alicia\" >Hurricane Alicia<\/a> hits the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas\" >Texas<\/a> coast, killing 22 people and causing over US$1 billion in damage (1983 dollars).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steve_Biko\" >Steve Biko<\/a> is arrested at a police roadblock under the Terrorism Act No 83 of 1967 in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_William%27s_Town\" >King William&#8217;s Town<\/a>, South Africa. He later dies from injuries sustained during this arrest bringing attention to South Africa&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid\" >apartheid<\/a> policies.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Apartheid in South Africa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/apartheid\" >APARTHIED \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-cs-students.stanford.edu\/~cale\/cs201\/apartheid.hist.html\" >The History of Apartheid in South Africa \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.south-africa-tours-and-travel.com\/apartheid.html\" >Brief History of Apartheid in South Africa \u2013 South-Africa-Tours-and-Travel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/web.stanford.edu\/~jbaugh\/saw\/Ajani_Apartheid.html\" >Timeline of Apartheid \u2013 Global Perspectives of Human Langue \u2013 The South African Context \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Steve Biko:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/37448.stm\" >Background \u2013 Steve Biko: Martyr of the anti-apartheid movement \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/originalpeople.org\/google-publishes-online-archive-of-south-african-anti-apartheid-activist-steve-biko-35-yrs-after-his-murder-2\/\" >Steve Biko \u2013 OriginalPeople.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/infed.org\/mobi\/steve-biko-and-informal-and-community-education\/\" >Steve Biko and informal and community education \u2013 Infed.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.colorlines.com\/articles\/legacy-steve-bikos-fight-against-south-african-apartheid\" >The Legacy of Steve Biko\u2019s Fight Against South African Apartheid \u2013 ColorLines.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong>In the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone\" >Korean Demilitarized Zone<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panmunjom\" >Panmunjom<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axe_murder_incident\" >Axe murder incident<\/a> results in the death of two US soldiers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1971 <\/strong>Vietnam War: Australia and New Zealand decide to withdraw their troops from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\" >Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_history_of_Australia_during_the_Vietnam_War\" >Military history of Australia during the Vietnam War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >New Zealand in the Vietnam War &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>Vietnam War: the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Long_Tan\" >Battle of Long Tan<\/a> ensues after a patrol from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/6th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment\" >6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment<\/a> clashes with a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viet_Cong\" >Viet Cong<\/a> force in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Tuy_Province\" >Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Tuy Province<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Starlite\" >Operation Starlite<\/a> begins \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >United States Marines<\/a> destroy a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viet_Cong\" >Viet Cong<\/a> stronghold on the Van Tuong peninsula in the first major American ground battle of the war.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/marines-launch-operation-starlite\" >Marines launch Operation Starlite \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/vietnamwarera.com\/post\/45029378259\" >Operation Starlite \u2013 VietnamWarEra.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.buffgrunt.com\/library\/stories\/chulai.html\" >The Battle of Chu Lai \u2013 Buffgrunt.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.operationstarlite.com\/story_nickname.html\" >OPERATION STARLITE \u2013 (Transcribed from AP article, Sept. 1965 by Kilo Co.3\/3 L\/Cpl Ed Nicholls) &#8211; Leathernecks in Vietnam Earn Right to World War II Nickname, by Paul Dean -OperationStarlite.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nsa.gov\/public_info\/_files\/cryptologic_spectrum\/operation_starlight.pdf\" >Operation Starlight \u2013 A SIGINT Success Story \u2013 PDF<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_%281954%E2%80%9368%29\" >American civil rights movement<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Meredith\" >James Meredith<\/a> becomes the first black person to graduate from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Mississippi\" >University of Mississippi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julien_Lahaut\" >Julien Lahaut<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chairman\" >chairman<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Party_of_Belgium\" >Communist Party of Belgium<\/a> is assassinated by far-right elements.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sukarno\" >Sukarno<\/a> takes office as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Presidents_of_Indonesia\" >first president of Indonesia<\/a>, following the country&#8217;s declaration of independence the previous day.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thousand_Islands_Bridge\" >Thousand Islands Bridge<\/a>, connecting New York, United States with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ontario\" >Ontario<\/a>, Canada over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_Lawrence_River\" >Saint Lawrence River<\/a>, is dedicated by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >U.S. President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution\" >Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution<\/a> is ratified, guaranteeing women&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suffrage\" >suffrage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1917\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Thessaloniki_Fire_of_1917\" >Great Fire<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thessaloniki\" >Thessaloniki<\/a>, Greece destroys 32% of the city leaving 70,000 individuals homeless.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1903\u00a0 <\/strong>German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Engineer\" >engineer<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Jatho\" >Karl Jatho<\/a> allegedly flies his self-made, motored gliding <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airplane\" >airplane<\/a> four months before the first flight of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wright_brothers\" >Wright brothers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1891\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1891_Martinique_hurricane\" >Major hurricane<\/a> strikes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martinique\" >Martinique<\/a>, leaving 700 dead.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1877\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asaph_Hall\" >Asaph Hall<\/a> discovers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars\" >Martian<\/a> moon <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phobos_%28moon%29\" >Phobos<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1870\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franco-Prussian_War\" >Franco-Prussian War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Gravelotte\" >Battle of Gravelotte<\/a> is fought.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1868\u00a0 <\/strong>French <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astronomy\" >astronomer<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Janssen\" >Pierre Janssen<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries\" >discovers<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helium\" >helium<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1843\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camila_O%27Gorman\" >Camila O&#8217;Gorman<\/a> and Ladislao Gutierrez are executed on the orders of Argentine dictator <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas\" >Juan Manuel de Rosas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1838\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Exploring_Expedition\" >Wilkes Expedition<\/a>, which would explore the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puget_Sound\" >Puget Sound<\/a> and Antarctica, weighs anchor at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hampton_Roads\" >Hampton Roads<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1783\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1783_Great_Meteor\" >huge fireball meteor<\/a> is seen across Great Britain as it passes over the east coast.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 19<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq_War\" >Operation Iraqi Freedom<\/a> ends, with the last of the United States <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brigade\" >brigade<\/a> combat teams crossing the border to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuwait\" >Kuwait<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq_War\" >Iraq War &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/ops\/iraqi_freedom-intro.htm\" >Operation Iraqi Freedom \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afhso.af.mil\/topics\/factsheets\/factsheet.asp?id=18635\" >Factsheets: OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM \u2013 Air Force Support Historical Division \u2013 AF.mil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blackfive.net\/main\/2010\/08\/the-end-of-oif.html\" >The End of OIF \u2013 BLACKFIVE.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.plunderbund.com\/2010\/08\/18\/2709-days-later-operation-iraqi-freedom-ends\/\" >2,709 days later, Operation Iraqi Freedom ends \u2013 Plunderbund.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/airforcepundit.blogspot.com\/2010\/08\/operation-iraqi-freedom-ends-as-last.html\" >Operation Iraq Freedom ends as last combat soldiers leave Baghdad \u2013 The Air Force Pundit<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/10\/30\/world\/meast\/operation-iraqi-freedom-and-operation-new-dawn-fast-facts\/index.html\" >\u201c<em>August 19, 2010 &#8211; The last U.S. combat brigade leaves Iraq. 52,000 U.S. troops remain in the country<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 <strong>Timeline:<\/strong> Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn Fast Facts \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/the-press-office\/2010\/08\/31\/remarks-president-address-nation-end-combat-operations-iraq\" >Remarks by the President in Address to the Nation on the End of Combat Operation in Iraq \u2013 8:00 p.m. EDT, August 31, 2010 &#8211; WhiteHouse.gov<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.americanrhetoric.com\/speeches\/wariniraq\/barackobamairaqendofcombatops.htm\" >Barack Obama: Address to the Nation on the End of the Operation Iraqi Freedom \u2013 AmericanRhetoric.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/19_August_2009_Baghdad_bombings\" >series of bombings<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baghdad\" >Baghdad<\/a>, Iraq, kills 101 and injures 565 others.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2013 The first-ever joint military exercise between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russia<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\" >China<\/a>, called <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace_Mission_2005\" >Peace Mission 2005<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong>A suicide attack on a bus in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerusalem\" >Jerusalem<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a>, planned by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamas\" >Hamas<\/a>, kills 23 Israelis, seven of them children, in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shmuel_HaNavi_bus_bombing\" >Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canal_Hotel_bombing\" >car-bomb attack<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a> headquarters in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a> kills the agency&#8217;s top envoy <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%A9rgio_Vieira_de_Mello\" >S\u00e9rgio Vieira de Mello<\/a> and 21 other employees.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khankala_Mi-26_crash\" >Khankala Mi-26 crash<\/a>: A Russian <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mil_Mi-26\" >Mil Mi-26<\/a> helicopter carrying troops is hit by a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chechens\" >Chechen<\/a> missile outside <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grozny\" >Grozny<\/a>, killing 118 soldiers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgrade\" >Belgrade<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbia_and_Montenegro\" >Yugoslavia<\/a>, tens of thousands of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbia\" >Serbians<\/a> rally to demand the resignation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro\" >Federal Republic of Yugoslavia President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87\" >Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crown_Heights_riot\" >Crown Heights riot<\/a>: Black groups target <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hasidic_Judaism\" >Hasidic Jews<\/a> on the streets of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn\" >Crown Heights<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City\" >New York, New York<\/a> for three days, after two black children were hit by a car driven by a Hasidic man.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >Dissolution of the Soviet Union<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt\" >August Coup<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >Soviet President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikhail_Gorbachev\" >Mikhail Gorbachev<\/a> is placed under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_arrest\" >house arrest<\/a> while on holiday in the town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foros,_Ukraine\" >Foros, Ukraine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>Several hundred <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East Germans<\/a> cross the frontier between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungary\" >Hungary<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria\" >Austria<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pan-European_Picnic\" >Pan-European Picnic<\/a>, part of the events that began the process of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin_Wall#The_Fall\" >Fall of the Berlin Wall<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radio_Caroline\" >Radio Caroline<\/a>, the offshore pirate station in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Sea\" >North Sea<\/a>, is raided by British and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netherlands\" >Dutch<\/a> governments.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fact-index.com\/r\/ra\/radio_caroline.html\" >Radio Caroline \u2013 Fact-Index.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/User:Manstaruk\/Sandbox2#1989_Joint_Anglo-Dutch_Raid\" >1989 Joint Anglo-Dutch Raid<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Poland\" >Polish president<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wojciech_Jaruzelski\" >Wojciech Jaruzelski<\/a> nominates <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solidarity_%28Polish_trade_union%29\" >Solidarity<\/a> activist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki\" >Tadeusz Mazowiecki<\/a> to be the first non-<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communism\" >communist<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_minister\" >prime minister<\/a> in 42 years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungerford_massacre\" >Hungerford massacre<\/a>: In the United Kingdom, Michael Ryan kills sixteen people with a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semi-automatic_rifle\" >semi-automatic rifle<\/a> and then commits <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide\" >suicide<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_%281981%29\" >Gulf of Sidra Incident<\/a>: United States fighters intercept and shoot down two <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libyan_Air_Force_%281951%E2%80%932011%29\" >Libyan<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sukhoi_Su-17\" >Sukhoi Su-22<\/a> fighter jets over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_of_Sidra\" >Gulf of Sidra<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saudia_Flight_163\" >Saudia Flight 163<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lockheed_L-1011_TriStar\" >Lockheed L-1011 TriStar<\/a> burns after making an emergency landing at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_Khalid_International_Airport\" >King Khalid International Airport<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riyadh\" >Riyadh<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saudi_Arabia\" >Saudi Arabia<\/a>, killing 301 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cinema_Rex_fire\" >Cinema Rex fire<\/a> provoked more of 400 deaths.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sary_Shagan\" >Sary Shagan<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/682\/\" >Sary-Shagan \u2013 NTI<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.astronautix.com\/sites\/sarhagan.htm\" >Sary Shagan \u2013 Encyclopedia Astronautica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/spp\/starwars\/program\/soviet\/sary_1.htm\" >Sary Shagan \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/self.gutenberg.org\/articles\/Sary_Shagan\" >SARY SHAGAN \u2013 Self-Gutemberg.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/aboutkazakhstan.com\/blog\/army\/missile-firing-at-sary-shagan-testing-ground\/\" >Missile firing at Sary Shagan test ground \u2013 AboutKazakhstan.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Japan\" >Japanese prime minister<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D\" >Eisaku Sat\u014d<\/a> becomes the first post-World War II sitting <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_minister\" >prime minister<\/a> to visit <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okinawa_Prefecture\" >Okinawa Prefecture<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Eisaku Sato:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1974\/sato-facts.html\" >Eisaku Sato \u2013 NobelPrize.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/people\/sato-eisaku.html\" >Eisaku Sato \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Eisaku Sato and Okinawa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ajw.asahi.com\/article\/behind_news\/politics\/AJ201501160043\" >Diplomatic documents show US wanted to change Sato\u2019s speeches in Okinawa visit in 1965 January &#8211; 16, 2015 \u2013 Asahi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2015\/01\/15\/national\/politics-diplomacy\/u-s-pressed-sato-soften-1965-okinawa-speech-praise-troops-role\/#.VcjOPvmufX4\" >US pressed Sato to soften 1965 Okinawa speech, praise troops\u2019 role \u2013 January 15, 2015 &#8211; The Japan Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ajw.asahi.com\/article\/behind_news\/social_affairs\/AJ201506230039\" >MEMORIAL DAY: Okinawa stuck with US bases more than40 years after reversion despite local opposition \u2013 June 23, 2015 \u2013 Asahi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1971_Okinawa_Reversion_Agreement\" >1971 Okinawa Reversion Agreement \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Japan\u2019s Non-Nuclear Weapons Policy:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" s_non-nuclear_weapons_policy\">Japan\u2019s non-nuclear weapons policy \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Three_Non-Nuclear_Principles\" >Three Non-Nuclear Principles \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_nuclear_weapon_program#De_facto_nuclear_state\" >De facto nuclear state<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_nuclear_weapon_program\" >Japanese nuclear weapon program &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB22\/\" >Rewriting Japanese History: Article reveals new information about US nukes in \u201cnon-nuclear\u201d Japan during the 1950s and 1960s \u2013 Washington, D.C., December 13, 1999 \u2013 GWU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/country-profiles\/japan\/nuclear\/\" >Nuclear \u2013 Japan \u2013 Country Profiles \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/04\/14\/opinion\/kato-ambiguities-of-japans-nuclear-policy.html?_r=0\" >Ambiguities of Japan\u2019s Nuclear Policy, by Norihiro Kato \u2013 April 13, 2013 \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nautilus.org\/apsnet\/japans-nuclear-policy-between-non-nuclear-identity-and-us-extended-deterrence\/\" >Japan\u2019s Nuclear Policy: Between Non-nuclear Identity and US Extended Deterrence \u2013 Nautilus Institute \u2013 Nautilus.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2015\/03\/13\/national\/politics-diplomacy\/because-of-u-s-nuclear-umbrella-japan-not-to-support-austrian-document-seeking-atomic-weapons-ban\/#.VcyRkZeufX4\" >\u201c<em>Japan does not plan to support a document circulated among U.N. members that calls for a ban on nuclear weapons, after the United States, its security ally and provider of nuclear deterrence, urged it not to<\/em>,\u2026\u201d \u2013 Because of US nuclear umbrella, Japan not to support Australian document seeking atomic weapons ban \u2013 March 13, 2015 &#8211; The Japan Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japantoday.com\/category\/politics\/view\/abe-renews-pledge-of-nuclear-weapons-free-japan\" >Abe renews pledge of nuclear weapons free Japan \u2013 August 10, 2015 \u2013 JapanToday.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>A Secret Nuclear Weapons Agreement between the United States and Japan, signed by the President of the United States (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a>) and the Prime Minister of Japan (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1974\/\" >Eisaku Sato = a Nobel Peace Prize Laureate<\/a>):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=124567404\" >Japan Confirms Secret Nuclear Pacts With US, by Anthony Kuhn \u2013 March 11, 2010 \u2013 NPR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomwaffena-z.info\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdf\/nixon_sato.pdf\" >Text of Secret Agreement \u2013 TOP SECRET \u2013 AGREED MINUT TO JOINT COMMUNIQUE OF UNITED STATES PRESIDENT NIXON AND JAPANESE PRIME MINISTER SATO ISSUED ON NOVEMBER 21, 1969<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/index.php?l=en&amp;art=16985\" >Secret nuclear deal between Tokyo and Washington \u2013 November 27, 2009 \u2013 AsiaNews.it<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/lewis.armscontrolwonk.com\/archive\/2660\/more-on-us-japan-secret-agreements\" >More on US-Japan \u201cSecret Agreements\u201d, by Jefferey \u2013 ArmsControlWork.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.converge.org.nz\/pma\/ngus.htm\">US Violated Nuclear Arms Pledge in Japan, Records Show<br \/>\nBy JUDITH MILLER \u2013 The New York Times December 12, 1999 \u2013 Converge.org.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.defencetalk.com\/japan-us-secret-nuclear-deal-discovered-reports-23504\/\" >Japan-US secret nuclear deal discovered: reports \u2013 DefenceTalk.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2010\/jan\/17\/world\/la-fg-japan-secret-deal17-2010jan17\" >Japan\u2019s secret pact with US spurs debate &#8211; LATimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2009\/12\/23\/national\/paper-on-secret-nuke-pact-kept-by-sato-family\/#.VcjPR_mufX4\" >Paper on secret nuke pact kept by Sato family \u2013 December 23, 2009 \u2013 The Japan Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/secret-us-japan-nuke-deal-reportedly-held-by-former-pms-family\/\" >Secret US-Japan Nuke Deal Reportedly Held by Former PM\u2019s Family &#8211; NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japan-press.co.jp\/modules\/news\/index.php?id=7556\" >Former US senior gov\u2019t official: secret nuclear pacts on Okinawa are still valid \u2013 September 22, 2014 \u2013 Japan Press Weekly<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Okinawa and Nuclear Weapons:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okinawa_Reversion_Agreement\" >1971 Okinawa Reversion Agreement &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japanfocus.org\/-Steve-Rabson\/3884\/article.html\" >Okinawa\u2019s Henoko was a \u201cstorage location\u201d for nuclear weapons: published accounts, by Steve Rabson \u2013 JapanFocus.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/japan\/okinawa\/okinawa.htm\" >REVELATIONS IN NEWLY RELEASED DOCUMENTS ABOUT US NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND OKINAWA FUEL NHK DOUMENTARY \u2013 May 14, 1997 \u2013 GWU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/factsanddetails.com\/japan\/cat22\/sub148\/item817.html\" >\u201c<em>There are 58,500 Americans working for the American military in Japan (2003). These include 14,000 sailors whose home ports are in Japan and 28,900 servicemen in Okinawa<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 AMERICAN MILITARY IN OKINAWA AND JAPAN \u2013 FACS AND DETAILS \u2013 FactsAndDetails.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/oldsite.nautilus.org\/archives\/library\/security\/papers\/Nuclear-Umbrella-1.html\" >Hans Kristensen <em>Japan Under the US Nuclear Umbrella <\/em>\u2013 Nuclear Policy &#8211; Nautilus.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tacmissileers.org\/okinawas-first-nuclear-missile-men-break-silence\/\" >Okinawa\u2019s first nuclear men break silence \u2013 TAC Missileers \u2013 TACMissileers.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/1989-05-09\/news\/mn-3000_1_nuclear-weapons-nuclear-reactors-william-m-arkin\" >H Bomb Lost at Sea in \u201965 Off Okinawa, US Admits \u2013 May 09, 1989 \u2013 Los Angeles Times \u2013 latimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stripes.com\/news\/okinawa-group-asks-u-n-to-inspect-u-s-bases-1.2884\" >Okinawa group asks UN to inspect US bases, by David Allen \u2013 March 17, 2003 &#8211; Stars and Stripes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/english.ryukyushimpo.jp\/2011\/08\/29\/2584\/\" >Archival papers suggests US military carried out nuclear weapon drill in Okinawa during 1960s, by Kenyu Uchima and Wakako Oshiro of <em>Ryukyu Shimpo<\/em>, August 18, 2011<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/life\/2012\/07\/08\/general\/okinawa-nuclear-weapons-and-japans-special-psychological-problem\/#.Vcy7p5eufX4\" >Okinawa, nuclear weapons and \u2018Japan\u2019s special psychological problem\u2019, by Jon Mitchell \u2013 July 8, 2012 \u2013 The Japan Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japanfocus.org\/-Steve-Rabson\/3294\/article.html\" >\u201cSecret\u201d 1965 Memo Reveals Plans to Keep US bases and Nuclear Weapons Options in Okinawa After Reversion, by Steve Rabson \u2013 JapanFocus.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tokyoprogressive.org\/en\/content\/japan-focus-okinawa-nuclear-weapons\" >Japan Focus: Okinawa, Nuclear Weapons \u2013 TokyoProgressive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japan-press.co.jp\/modules\/news\/index.php?id=1381\" >Japan supported US nuclear training in Okinawa \u2013 December 23, 2010<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Removal of nuclear weapons from Okinawa delayed its reversion to Japan \u2013 December 23, 2011 \u2013 Ryukyu Shimpo<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ussbennington.blogspot.com\/2013\/08\/nuclear-weapons-were-stored-at-camp.html\" >Nuclear Weapons Were Stored At Camp Schwab Henoko Okinawa \u2013 August 3, 2013 \u2013 USS BENNINGTON \u2013 PG4<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>A Huge Explosion Sound Heard and a Huge Mushroom Cloud Witnessed near Kum\u00e9 Island, Okinawa, on May 21, 2014. An Explosion of an Underwater Volcano in the Region, an Explosion of a Nuclear Device, or Something Else? :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thefreedomreport.us\/japan-large-mushroom-cloud-near-kume-island\/\" >Japan: Large Mushroom Cloud Near Kume Island<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WnHKafwnK0I\" >YouTube video (1 min.00 sec.): Mushroom Cloud Reported Over Kume Island, Japan<\/a>, <strong><em>or<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rMnQD2P2rWQ&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (42 sec.): Mushroom cloud, Kume, Okinawa, Japan<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Okinawa and Agent Orange:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>For more relevant information on <strong>Agent Orange<\/strong>, visit <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/08\/this-week-in-history-36\/\" >This Week in History, the date of AUGUST 10, 1961: First use in Vietnam War of the Agent Orange by the US Army.<\/a><\/strong>, <strong>and\/or<\/strong> the <\/em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/search\/?q=agent+orange\" >TMS Archive Search<\/a><\/strong><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/amy-chavez\/okinawa-agent-orange_b_1607593.html\" >\u201c<em>Growing evidence indicates that during the U.S. occupation of Okinawa from 1945 to 1972, the U.S. violated a treaty to not store herbicides within Japan&#8217;s political boundaries<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Growing Evidence of Agent Orange in Japan, by Amy Chavez \u2013 June 27, 2012 \u2013 HuffigtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stripes.com\/news\/japan-finds-traces-of-us-herbicides-on-okinawa-1.232287\" >Japan finds traces of US herbicides on Okinawa, by Travis J. Tritten and Chiyomi Sumida \u2013 July 26, 2013 \u2013 Stars and Stripes \u2013 Stripes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.veteranstoday.com\/2011\/09\/24\/agent-orange-okinawa\/\" >AGENT ORANGE: Okinawa, by Bob Hanafin \u2013 September 24, 2011 \u2013 VeteransToday.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japanfocus.org\/-Jon-Mitchell\/3652\/article.html\" >Agent Orange in Okinawa \u2013 New Evidence, by Jon Mitchell \u2013 JapanFocus.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jonmitchellinjapan.com\/agent-orange-on-okinawa.html\" >Agent Orange on Okinawa \u2013 JonMitchellInJapan.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fpif.org\/agent_orange_on_okinawa_the_smoking_gun\/\" >\u201c<em>A recently discovered U.S. army report puts lie to the Pentagon\u2019s denials that it exposed soldiers and civilians to Agent Orange on Okinawa<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The Agent Orange on Okinawa: The Smoking Gun, by Jon Mitchell \u2013 FPIF.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationofchange.org\/us-veteran-exposes-pentagon-s-denials-agent-orange-use-okinawa-1336665501\" >\u201c<em>Thousands of barrels of Agent Orange were unloaded on Okinawa Island and stored at the port of Naha, and at the U.S. military&#8217;s Kadena and Camp Schwab bases between 1965 and 1966, an American veteran who served in Okinawa claims<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 US Veteran Exposes Pentagon\u2019s Denial of Agent Orange Use on Okinawa, by Jon Mitchell \u2013 NationOfChange.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/community\/2014\/03\/17\/issues\/ailing-u-s-veteran-wins-payout-over-agent-orange-exposure-in-okinawa\/#.Vcyhr5eufX4\" >Ailing US veteran wins payout over Agent Orange exposure in Okinawa, by Jon Mitchell \u2013 March 17, 2014 \u2013 The Japan Times<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>US Biological Weapon Experiments in Okinawa<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.news.com.au\/world\/report-us-army-tested-biological-weapons-in-okinawa-japan-in-1960s\/story-fndir2ev-1226800227868\" >Report: US army tested biological weapons in Okinawa, Japan in 1960 \u2013 January 12, 2014 &#8211; News.com.au<\/a> <strong><em>or<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2014\/01\/12\/national\/u-s-army-tested-biological-weapons-in-okinawa\/#.VczGDJeufX4\" >US Army tested biological weapons in Okinawa: Rice fungus released in at least two sites in early 1960s, documents show \u2013 January 12, 2014 \u2013 The Japan Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldheritage.org\/articles\/Project_112\" >PROEJCT 112 \u2013 WorldHeritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=znx7x7Qep6k\" >YouTube video (3 min. 08 sec.): US biological weapons tested in Okinawa in 60s<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_112#Inclusion_of_Extracontinental_Site_2.2C_Okinawa\" >Inclusion of Extracontinental Site 2, Okinawa<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_112\" >Project 112 &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_SHAD\" >Project SHAD &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.opsecnews.com\/project-112shad-biological-and-chemical-testing-on-us-military\/\" >Project 112\/SHAD \u2013 Biological and Chemical Testing on Human Beings \u2013 OpsecNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.health.mil\/Military-Health-Topics\/Health-Readiness\/Environmental-Exposures\/Project-112-SHAD\" >Project 112\/SHAD \u2013 Health.mil<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Okinawa Travel Guide:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gojapan.about.com\/cs\/okinawatravel\/a\/okinawa.htm\" >Guide to Okinawa, by Shizuko Mishima \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikivoyage.org\/wiki\/Okinawa\" >Okinawa \u2013 WikiVoyage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tripadvisor.com\/Tourism-g298225-Okinawa_Okinawa_Prefecture_Kyushu_Okinawa-Vacations.html\" >Trip Adviser &#8211; Okinawa &#8211; Japan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.virtualtourist.com\/travel\/Asia\/Japan\/Okinawa\/TravelGuide-Okinawa.html\" >Okinawa Travel Guide \u2013 VirtualTourist.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Okinawa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands\" >History of the Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.okinawan-shorinryu.com\/okinawa\/history.html\" >A Brief History of Okinawa \u2013 Okinawan-Shorinryu.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rca.open.ed.jp\/web_e\/history\/\" >History of Okinawa \u2013 RCA.Open.ed.jp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/okinawa.com\/research\/history\/background-and-history\" >Background and History \u2013 Okinawa.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Okinawa and World War II:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/okinawa.com\/research\/history\/background-and-history\" >BATTLE OF OKINAWA \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Okinawa\" >Battle of Okinawa &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2015\/03\/12\/travel\/okinawa-world-war-ii-travel\/index.html\" >Battlefield\u2019s and bunkers: Exploring Okinawa\u2019s World War II history &#8211; CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/worldwarii\/p\/battle-of-okinawa.htm\" >World War II: Battle of Okinawa \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.militaryhistoryonline.com\/wwii\/okinawa\/default.aspx\" >Battle of Okinawa, by Laura Lacey \u2013 MilitaryHitoryOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/world-war-two\/the-pacific-war-1941-to-1945\/the-battle-of-okinawa\/\" >Battle of Okinawa \u2013 The History Learning Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.army.mil\/books\/wwii\/okinawa\/\" >OKINAWA: THE LAST BATTLE \u2013 Center of Military History, United States Army \u2013 Army.mil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.navy.mil\/research\/histories\/oral-histories\/wwii\/battle-of-okinawa.html\" >Oral History \u2013 Battle for Okinawa \u2013 24 March \u2013 30 June 1945 \u2013 Naval History and Heritage Command<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.warhistoryonline.com\/war-articles\/memories-from-battle-of-okinawa-operation-iceberg.html\" >Memories of Battle of Okinawa \u2013 \u2018Operation Iceberg\u2019 \u2013 WarHistoryOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aropeintheopensea.com\/\" >Okinawa \u2013 A Rope in the Open Sea<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>US Occupation of Okinawa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.army.mil\/documents\/8-5\/8-5.htm\" >Chronology of Occupation \u2013 15 August 1945 \u2013 30 March 1946<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/hyperwar\/USMC\/V\/index.html\" >Volume V: Victory and Occupation \u2013 History of US Marine Corps<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.h-net.org\/reviews\/showpdf.php?id=5278\" >Okinawa prefecture under American occupation \u2013 H-net.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usmilitaryinokinawa.blogspot.com\/2009\/05\/impact-of-ww-ii.html\" >US Military Occupation in Okinawa \u2013 USMilitaryInOkinawa.Blogspot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>The Origin or One of the Main Origins of the Presence of the United States Military in Okinawa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.pref.okinawa.jp\/collection\/images\/Emperor%27s%20message.pdf\" >\u201c<em>Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers Diplomatic Section: 20 September, 1947 \u2013 Memorandum for General MacArthur: Mr. Hidenari Terasaki, an adviser to the Emperor, called by appointment for the purpose of conveying to me the Emperor\u2019s ideas concerning the future of Okinawa. Mr. Terasaki stated that the Emperor hopes that the United States will continue the military occupation of Okinawa and other islands of the Ryukyus.<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Emperor of Japan\u2019s Opinion Concerning the Future of the Ryukyu Islands<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The same document, as mentioned above, is posted also on other websites, <em>in the digitalized format<\/em>, which are, for instance, among others, as follows: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japanupdate.com\/2014\/08\/shinto-abe-the-tenno-message-and-the-third-alternative-for-our-okinawa-ocean\/\" >The Origins of the Bilateral Okinawa Problem: Okinawa in Postwar US-Japan<strong> &#8211; <\/strong>Sebald\u2019s Memorandum to Douglas MacArthur, SCAP<\/a> <strong><em>and<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/d.hatena.ne.jp\/ironsand\/20061231\/p7\" >&#8220;Emperor of Japan&#8217;s Opinion Concerning the Future of the Ryukyu Islands&#8221; Tokyo, September 22, 1947 [with the Japanese translation]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/faroutliers.blogspot.com\/2005\/09\/attitudes-toward-okinawa-in-japan-1945.html\" >\u201c<em>On September 20, 1947, Hirohito conveyed to MacArthur&#8217;s political adviser, William J. Sebald, his position on the future of Okinawa. Acting through Terasaki, his interpreter and frequent liaison with high GHQ officials, the emperor requested that, in view of the worsening confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States, the American military occupation of Okinawa and other islands in the Ryukyu chain continue for ninety-nine years. Hirohito knew MacArthur&#8217;s latest views on the status of Okinawa when he made this offer<\/em>.\u201d &#8211; Attitude toward Okinawa in Japan, 1945 \u2013 1947<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>The Presence of the United States Military in Okinawa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japanfocus.org\/-Yoshida-Kensei\/2857\/article.html\" >US Bases, Japan and the Reality of Okinawa as a Military Colony, by Kensei Yoshida \u2013 JapanFocus.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japanfocus.org\/-Steve-Rabson\/2667\/article.html\" >Okinawan Perspectives on Japan\u2019s Imperial Institution, by Steve Rabson \u2013 JapanFocus.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Forces_Japan#U.S._presence_on_Okinawa\" >US presence in Okinawa \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army_Air_Forces_in_Okinawa\" >United States Army Air Forces in Okinawa &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okinawa_Prefecture#United_States_military_installations\" >United States military installations in Okinawa &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kadena_Air_Base\" >Kadena Air Base in Okinawa &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kadena.af.mil\/\" >Kadena Air Base &#8211; Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Futenma\" >Marine Corps Air Station Futenma in Okinawa \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201c<strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.maplandia.com\/japan\/airports\/okinawa-naha-air-force-base-airport\/\" >Naha Air Base<\/a><\/em><\/strong><em> (<\/em><em>\u90a3\u8987\u57fa\u5730<\/em> <em>Naha Kichi<\/em><em><sup><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Installing_Japanese_character_sets\" ><strong>?<\/strong><\/a><\/sup><\/em><em>), formally known as the K\u014dk\u016b Jieitai Naha Kichi (<\/em><em>\u822a\u7a7a\u81ea\u885b\u968a\u90a3\u8987\u57fa\u5730<\/em><em><sup><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Installing_Japanese_character_sets\" ><strong>?<\/strong><\/a><\/sup><\/em><em>), is an air base of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force formerly under control of the United States Air Force<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naha_Air_Base\" >Naha Air Base in Okinawa &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naha\" >Naha, the capital city of Okinawa Prefecture &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.svsarah.com\/Non-Sailing\/ewOkinawaNahaAB.htm\" >Naha AB, Okinawa \u2013 SVSARAH.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okinawa_Prefecture#1945.E2.80.931965\" >Okinawa since 1945 &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pref.okinawa.jp\/site\/chijiko\/kichitai\/documents\/us%20military%20base%20issues%20in%20okinawa.pdf\" >Military Base Issues in Okinawa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp\/user\/yamataka\/CPG-Okinawa.pdf\" >Militarization and Demilitarization in Okinawa: As a Geostrategic \u201ckeystone\u201d under the Japan-US Alliance \u2013 August 10 -12, 2013<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.asia-pacificresearch.com\/u-s-veterans-reveal-1962-nuclear-close-call-dodged-in-okinawa\/5440068\" >S. Veterans Reveal 1962 Nuclear Close Call Dodged in Okinawa \u2013 31 March 2015 &#8211; Asia-PacificResearch.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japanfocus.org\/-Gavan-McCormack\/3532\/article.html\" >Deception and Diplomacy: The US, Japan, and Okinawa, by Gavan McCormack \u2013 JapanFocus.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tofugu.com\/2015\/02\/11\/japans-sacrificial-lamb-okinawa-military-base-controversy\/\" >Japan\u2019s Sacrificial Lamb \u2013 The Okinawa Military Base Controversy \u2013 Tofugu.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S.%E2%80%93Japan_Status_of_Forces_Agreement\" >US-Japan Status of Forces Agreement &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/documents\/organization\/108914.pdf\" >Full text of the US-Japan Status of Forces Agreement<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tokyoprogressive.org\/content\/us-japan-status-forces-agreement-and-okinawan-anger\" >The US-Japan Status of Forces Agreement and Okinawan Anger \u2013 TokyoProgressive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eastasiaforum.org\/2015\/04\/30\/why-us-military-bases-divide-okinawa-and-mainland-japan\/\" >Why US military base divide Okinawa and mainland Japan, by Shino Hateruma<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/okinawa-institute.com\/en\/node\/32\" >US Military Base Map in Okinawa \u2013 Okinawa-Institute.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usmclife.com\/bases\/okinawa-japan\/\" >Okinawa Japan Marine Corps Bases \u2013 USMCLife.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rt.com\/op-edge\/206495-okinawa-us-military-base-onaga\/\" >\u2018Okinawans sick and tired of US military presence\u2019 \u2013 RT.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/2014\/1\/16\/okinawas_revolt_decades_of_rape_environmental\" >Okinawa\u2019s Revolt: Decades of Rape, Environmental Harm by US Military Spur Residents to Rise Up \u2013 Thursday, January 16, 2014 \u2013 DemocracyNow.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theecologist.org\/News\/news_analysis\/2974437\/70_years_after_hiroshima_okinawas_long_resistance_to_us_military_occupation.html\" >70 years after Hiroshima, Okinawa\u2019s long resistance to US military occupation \u2013 6 August 2015 \u2013 The Ecologist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/dougbandow\/2014\/11\/26\/u-s-filled-okinawa-with-bases-and-japan-kept-them-there-okinawans-again-say-no\/\" >US Filled Okinawa With Bases And Japan Kept Them There: Okinawans Again Say No \u2013 Forbes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syncom_3\" >Syncom 3<\/a>, the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geostationary_orbit\" >geostationary communication satellite<\/a>, was launched.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_spacecraft_called_Sputnik\" >Sputnik program<\/a>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korabl-Sputnik_2\" >Korabl-Sputnik 2<\/a><\/em>: The Soviet Union launches the satellite with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dog\" >dogs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_space_dogs#Belka_and_Strelka\" >Belka and Strelka<\/a>, 40 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mouse\" >mice<\/a>, two <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rat\" >rats<\/a> and a variety of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plant\" >plants<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>Cold War: In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moscow\" >Moscow<\/a>, Russia, Soviet Union, downed American <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lockheed_U-2\" >U-2<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviator\" >pilot<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Gary_Powers\" >Francis Gary Powers<\/a> is sentenced to ten years imprisonment by the Soviet Union for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Espionage\" >espionage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cold_War\" >Cold War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\" >CIA<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secret_Intelligence_Service\" >MI6<\/a> help to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >overthrow<\/a> the government of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohammad_Mosaddegh\" >Mohammad Mosaddegh<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iran<\/a> and reinstate the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shah\" >Shah<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi\" >Mohammad Reza Pahlavi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.payvand.com\/news\/11\/jan\/1022.html\" >Iranian People\u2019s Struggle for Freedom, the 1953 MI6 \u2013 ICA, Coup in Iran, by Abbas Sadeghian, Ph.D. \u2013 PAYVAND.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB28\/\" >The Secret CIA History of the Iran Coup, 1953, edited by Malcolm Byrne \u2013 GWU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.informationclearinghouse.info\/article34090.htm\" >Our Man in Iran: How the CIA and MI6 Installed the Shah, by Leon Hadar \u2013 February 25, 2013 \u2013 InformationClearingHouse.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/aug\/19\/cia-admits-role-1953-iranian-coup\" >CIA admits 1953 Iranian coup \u2013 Monday 19 August 2013 &#8211; TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rt.com\/usa\/iran-coup-cia-operation-647\/\" >CIA finally admits masterminded Iran\u2019s 1953 coup \u2013 19 Aug, 2013 \u2013 RT.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-23762970\" >CIA documents acknowledge its role in Iran\u2019s 1953 coup \u2013 20 August 2013 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liveleak.com\/view?i=47d_1245744383&amp;comments=1\" >CIA\/MI6\/ Coup of Iran 1953 \u2013 LiveLeak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_Revolution\" >August Revolution<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viet_Minh\" >Viet Minh<\/a> led by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ho_Chi_Minh\" >Ho Chi Minh<\/a> take power in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanoi\" >Hanoi<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\" >Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberation_of_Paris\" >Liberation of Paris<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris\" >Paris<\/a>, France rises against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >German<\/a> occupation with the help of Allied troops.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dieppe_Raid\" >Operation Jubilee<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2nd_Canadian_Infantry_Division\" >2nd Canadian Infantry Division<\/a> leads an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amphibious_warfare\" >amphibious assault<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >allied forces<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dieppe,_Seine-Maritime\" >Dieppe, Seine-Maritime<\/a>, France and fails, many Canadians are killed or captured. The operation was intended to develop and try new amphibious landing tactics for the coming full invasion in Normandy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>First flight of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_B-25_Mitchell\" >B-25 Mitchell<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medium_bomber\" >medium bomber<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1934\u00a0 <\/strong>The creation of the position <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F%C3%BChrer\" >F\u00fchrer<\/a> is approved by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >German<\/a> electorate with 89.9% of the popular vote.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sergius_I_of_Moscow\" >Metropolitan Sergius<\/a> proclaims the declaration of loyalty of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Orthodox_Church\" >Russian Orthodox Church<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1919\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a> gains full independence from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >United Kingdom<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Afghanistan\" >History of Afghanistan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/afghanistan-history.html\" >Afghanistan \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad09\" >HISTORY OF AFGHANISTN \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghan-web.com\/history\/\" >Afghanistan \u2013 History \u2013 Afghanistan Online &#8211; Afghan-Web.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/updates\/asia-jan-june11-timeline-afghanistan\/\" >A Historical Timeline of Afghanistan \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Independence of Afghanistan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghan_Independence_Day\" >Afghan Independence Day \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1919\/8\/19\/afghanistan-gains-independence-from-the-united-kingdom\" >Aug 19, 1919: Afghanistan Gains Independence from the United Kingdom \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War\" >Third Anglo-Afghan War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/uca.edu\/politicalscience\/dadm-project\/asiapacific-region\/afghanistan-1919-present\/\" > Afghanistan (1919-present) \u2013 UCA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman%E2%80%93Bulgarian_alliance\" >The Ottoman-Bulgarian alliance<\/a> is signed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sofia\" >Sofia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1862\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Indian_Wars\" >American Indian Wars<\/a>: During an uprising in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minnesota\" >Minnesota<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lakota_people\" >Lakota<\/a> warriors decide not to attack heavily-defended <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fort_Ridgely\" >Fort Ridgely<\/a> and instead turn to the settlement of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Ulm,_Minnesota\" >New Ulm<\/a>, killing white settlers along the way.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1861\u00a0 <\/strong>First ascent of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weisshorn\" >Weisshorn<\/a>, fifth highest summit in the Alps.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1854\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sioux_Wars\" >First Sioux War<\/a> begins when <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army\" >United States Army<\/a> soldiers kill <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lakota_people\" >Lakota<\/a> chief <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conquering_Bear\" >Conquering Bear<\/a> and in return are <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grattan_massacre\" >massacred<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1848\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_Gold_Rush\" >California Gold Rush<\/a>: The <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Herald\" >New York Herald<\/a><\/em> breaks the news to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Coast_of_the_United_States\" >East Coast of the United States<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gold_rush\" >gold rush<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California\" >California<\/a> (although the rush started in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/January\" >January<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>California Gold Rush, and Native Americans:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kawvalley.k12.ks.us\/schools\/rjh\/marneyg\/03-04_Plains-Projects\/Gray_04_goldrush.htm\" >EFFECTS OF THE CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH \u2026ON THE NATIVE AMERICANS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/amex\/goldrush\/sfeature\/natives.html\" >THE GOLD RUSH \u2013 Native Americans and the Gold Rush \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/amex\/goldrush\/sfeature\/natives_03.html\" >THE GOLD RUSH \u2013 Laws against Native Americans \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bradybunchhomeschool.blogspot.com\/2015\/08\/manifest-destiny-native-americans-and.html\" >The California Gold Rush and Forty-Niners and Native Americans \u2013 Manifest, Destiny, Native Americans, and the Mexican War<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.calliope.org\/gold\/gold2.html\" >The Gold Rushes of North America (1884 \u2013 1900) \u2013 Calliope.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/8-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-california-gold-rush\" >8 Things You May Not Know About the California Gold Rush \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ucrtoday.ucr.edu\/25475\" >Genocide of California Indians Examined: 7 conference will focus on the deaths of 100,000 Native Americans during Gold Rush era \u2013 UCR.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pe.com\/articles\/california-753757-genocide-indians.html\" >\u201c<em>Tens of thousands of Native Americans in California were murdered in the mid-1800s or died of disease, malnutrition or overwork. On that historians agree. But was it genocide?<\/em>\u201d \u2013 EDUCATION: Did Native Americans\u2019 deaths add up to genocide? \u2013 PE.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/explore.museumca.org\/goldrush\/silver-native.html\" >\u201cThe <em>effect of the Gold Rush and its aftermath is impossible to ignore: the state&#8217;s Indian population declined from an estimated 150,000 in 1845 to less than 30,000 in 1870. Historians estimate that as much as 60 percent of this decline was due to syphilis, cholera, measles, smallpox, and other acute and epidemic diseases<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Silver &amp; Gold \u2013 Native Californian \u2013 MuseumCa.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1813\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gervasio_Antonio_de_Posadas\" >Gervasio Antonio de Posadas<\/a> joins <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentina\" >Argentina<\/a>&#8216;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Triumvirate_%28Argentina%29\" >Second Triumvirate<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1812\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_1812\" >War of 1812<\/a>: American frigate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Constitution\" >USS\u00a0<em>Constitution<\/em><\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Constitution_vs_HMS_Guerriere\" >defeats<\/a> the British frigate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Guerriere_%281806%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Guerriere<\/em><\/a> off the coast of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nova_Scotia\" >Nova Scotia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canada<\/a> earning the nickname &#8220;Old Ironsides&#8221;.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Origins_of_the_War_of_1812\" >Origins of the War of 1812 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ussconstitutionmuseum.org\/about-us\/bicentennial\/short-history-1812\/\" >USS Constitution and the War of 1812 \u2013 Short History of the War of 1812 \u2013 USS Constitution Museum<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/war-of-1812\" >WAR OF 1812 \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/warof1812\/tp\/war-of-1812-overview.htm\" >The War of 1812_101: An Overview \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wned\/war-of-1812\/essays\/american-perspective\/\" >An American Perspective of the War of 1812, by Donald Heckey \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/War-of-1812\" >War of 1812 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/research\/military\/war-of-1812\/index.html\" >Military Resources: War of 1812 \u2013Military Records &#8211; National Archives<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/rr\/program\/bib\/1812\/\" >The War of 1812, complied by Kenneth Drexler \u2013 Web Guides \u2013 The Library of Congress<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1772\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustav_III_of_Sweden\" >Gustav III of Sweden<\/a> stages a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat<\/a>, in which he assumes power and enacts a new constitution that divides power between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riksdag_of_the_Estates\" >Riksdag<\/a> and the King.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1759\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Lagos\" >Battle of Lagos<\/a> Naval battle during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seven_Years%27_War\" >Seven Years&#8217; War<\/a> between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain\" >Great Britain<\/a> and France.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 20<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong>A group of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraqis<\/a> opposed to the regime of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saddam_Hussein\" >Saddam Hussein<\/a> take over the Iraqi <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diplomatic_mission\" >Embassy<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin\" >Berlin<\/a>, Germany for five hours before releasing their hostages and surrendering.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings\" >U.S. embassy bombings<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> launches <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cruise_missile_strikes_on_Afghanistan_and_Sudan_%28August_1998%29\" >cruise missile attacks<\/a> against alleged <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Qaeda\" >al-Qaeda<\/a> camps in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a> and a suspected chemical plant in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudan\" >Sudan<\/a> in retaliation for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_7\" >August 7<\/a> bombings of American embassies in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenya\" >Kenya<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tanzania\" >Tanzania<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_Canada\" >Supreme Court of Canada<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reference_re_Secession_of_Quebec\" >rules<\/a> that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quebec\" >Quebec<\/a> cannot legally secede from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canada<\/a> without the federal government&#8217;s approval.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quebec_sovereignty_movement\" >Quebec sovereignty movement \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.k12studycanada.org\/files\/History%20of%20Quebec%20Sovereignty.pdf\" >History of the Sovereignty Movement in Qu\u00e9bec, by Nadine Fabbi and Henry M. Jackson<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.ca\/news\/quebec-secession\/\" >Quebec secession news archives \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/history\/the-historical-background-of-quebec-history-essay.php\" >The Historical Background of Quebec \u2013 UKEssays.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/9837636\/Language_Identity_and_Secession_A_Case_Study_of_Quebec_in_Canada\" >Language, Identity, and Secession: A Case Study of Quebec in Canada \u2013 Academia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Souhane_massacre\" >Souhane massacre<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algeria\" >Algeria<\/a>; over 60 people are killed and 15 kidnapped.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993<\/strong>\u00a0 After rounds of secret negotiations in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norway\" >Norway<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo_Accords\" >Oslo Accords<\/a> are signed, followed by a public ceremony in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington,_D.C.\" >Washington, D.C.<\/a> the following month.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usforeignpolicy.about.com\/od\/middleeast\/a\/What-Were-The-Oslo-Accords.htm\" >What Were the Oslo Accords? \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestinefacts.org\/pf_1991to_now_oslo_accords.php\" >Details of the Oslo Accords \u2013 PalestineFacts.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/america.aljazeera.com\/articles\/2013\/9\/13\/oslo-accords-explained.html\" >Oslo explained \u2013 ALJAZEELA.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/oslo\/negotiations\/\" >THE NEGOTIATIONS \u2013 OSLO ACCORD &#8211; PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3064378,00.html\" >The Oslo Accords \u2013 YNetNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a>, annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940, issues a decision on the re-establishment of independence on the basis of historical continuity of its pre-World War II statehood.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>History of Estonia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Estonia\" >History of Estonia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.visitestonia.com\/en\/about-estonia\/estonian-culture\/estonian-history-a-timeline-of-key-events\" >Estonian History \u2013 VisitEstonia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.estonica.org\/en\/History\/\" >Estonia \u2013 History &#8211; Estonia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/estonia.eu\/about-estonia\/history\/estonias-history.html\" >Estonia\u2019s History \u2013 Chronology \u2013 Estonia.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/estonia-history.html\" >Estonia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/estonia\/history\" >History \u2013 Estonia \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>The Annexation of Estonia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_%281940%29\" >Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/estonia.eu\/about-estonia\/history\/soviet-deportations-from-estonia-in-1940s.html\" >Soviet deportation from Estonia in 1940 \u2013 Estonia.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/econc10.bu.edu\/economic_systems\/NatIdentity\/FSU\/Baltics\/Estonia\/estonia_wwii.htm\" >Estonia during World War II, by Erin Hubbard \u2013 BU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.quazoo.com\/q\/Occupation_and_annexation_of_the_Baltic_states_by_the_Soviet_Union_%281940%29\" >Occupation and annexation of the Baltic states by the Soviet Union (1940) \u2013 Quazoo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Europe\/2014\/0403\/Could-Estonia-be-the-next-target-of-Russian-annexation\" >Could Estonia be the next target of Russian annexation? \u2013 April 3, 2014 \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Europe\/2014\/0321\/Moscow-rattles-Estonia-with-talk-of-concern-for-its-Russian-population\" >Moscow rattles Estonia with talk of \u2018concern\u2019 for its Russian population \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >Dissolution of the Soviet Union<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt\" >August Coup<\/a>: More than 100,000 people rally outside the Soviet Union&#8217;s parliament building protesting the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >coup<\/a> aiming to depose <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikhail_Gorbachev\" >Mikhail Gorbachev<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Troubles\" >The Troubles<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ballygawley_bus_bombing\" >Eight British soldiers are killed and 28 wounded<\/a> when their bus is hit by an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army\" >IRA<\/a> roadside bomb in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ballygawley,_County_Tyrone\" >Ballygawley<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/County_Tyrone\" >County Tyrone<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War\" >Iran\u2013Iraq War<\/a>: A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ceasefire\" >ceasefire<\/a> is agreed after almost eight years of war.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/iran-iraq-war\" >IRAN \u2013 IRAQ WAR \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/war\/iran-iraq.htm\" >Iran \u2013 Iraq War (1980 \u2013 1988) \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Iran-Iraq-War\" >Iran \u2013 Iraq War \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Iran-Iraq_War\" >Iran \u2013 Iraq War \u2013 New World Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1988\/08\/21\/world\/cease-fire-takes-effect-in-8-year-iran-iraq-war.html\" >Ceasefire Takes Effect 8-Year Iran-Iraq War \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1988\/8\/20\/iran-and-iraq-declare-cease-fire\" >Iran and Iraq Declare Cease-Fire \u2013WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.courant.com\/courant-250\/moments-in-history\/hc-this-day-in-history-365-pictures-247-photo.html\" > 20, 1988: Iran Iraq War Ends \u2013 Courant.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/missions\/past\/uniimogbackgr.html\" >Iran \u2013 Iraq \u2013 Background &#8211; UNIIMOG<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wars.findthedata.com\/l\/65\/Iran-Iraq-War\" >Iran\u2013Iraq War \u2013 FindData.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peru\" >Peru<\/a> becomes a member of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berne_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works\" >Berne Convention<\/a> copyright treaty.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong>UN Security Council condemns (14-0, US abstains) Israeli declaration that all of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Positions_on_Jerusalem\" >Jersualem<\/a> is its capital.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.christianzionism.org\/biblesays\/sizer05.pdf\" >The Battle for Jerusalem: The Eternal Capital of Jews? \u2013 ChristianZionism.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/History\/Jerusalem.html\" >Jerusalem \u2013 An Introduction, by Mitchell Bard \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voyager_program\" >Voyager Program<\/a>: NASA launches the <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voyager_2\" >Voyager 2<\/a><\/em> spacecraft.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viking_program\" >Viking Program<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\" >NASA<\/a> launches the <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viking_1\" >Viking 1<\/a><\/em> planetary probe toward <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars\" >Mars<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong>Soviet Union-dominated <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw_Pact\" >Warsaw Pact<\/a> troops invade <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czechoslovakia\" >Czechoslovakia<\/a>, crushing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prague_Spring\" >Prague Spring<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/prague-spring-begins-in-czechoslovakia\" >Prague Spring begins in Czechoslovakia \u2013 January 5, 1968 \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/soviets-invade-czechoslovakia\" >Soviet invades Czechoslovakia \u2013 August 20, 1968 \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pastdaily.com\/2013\/08\/20\/the-ominous-rumble-of-tanks-the-end-of-prague-spring-august-20-1968\/\" >The Ominous Rumble of Tanks \u2013 The End of Prague Spring \u2013 August 20, 1968 \u2013 PastDaily.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/august\/21\/newsid_2781000\/2781867.stm\" >1968: Russia brings winter to Prague Spring \u2013 21 August 1968 \u2013 BBC<\/a> [<em>Soviet invaded Czechoslovakia on 20 August 1968, and it is considered that Prague Spring ended on 21 August 1968<\/em>.]<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia\" >Warsaw Pact of invasion of Czechoslovakia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1961-1968\/soviet-invasion-czechoslavkia\" >Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia \u2013 Milestone \u2013 Office of the Historian \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novaonline.nvcc.edu\/eli\/evans\/his135\/Events\/Czech68.htm\" >1968 CZECH INVASION \u2013 NVCC.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NS_Savannah\" >NS <em>Savannah<\/em><\/a>, the world&#8217;s first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_marine_propulsion\" >nuclear-powered<\/a> civilian ship, embarks on its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maiden_voyage\" >maiden voyage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-28439159\" >The ship that totally failed to change the world &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.physicscentral.com\/explore\/multimedia\/podcast.cfm?uid=20140528103829\" >The World\u2019s First Nuclear-Powered Ship &#8211; Podcast \u2013 PhysicsCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicengines.com\/Ship_paper.html\" >Nuclear Power for Commercial Ships, by Rodney M. Adams \u2013 AtomicEngines.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.radiationworks.com\/nuclearships.htm\" >Nuclear Powered Surface Ships of the World \u2013 RadiationWorks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Senegal\" >Senegal<\/a> breaks from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mali_Federation\" >Mali Federation<\/a>, declaring its independence.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Senegal\" >History of Senegal \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac64\" >HISTORY OF SENEGAL \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/senegal-country-africa-history.html\" >Senegal \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/senegal\/history\" >Senegal \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.our-africa.org\/senegal\/history-politics\" >Senegal &#8211; History &amp; Politics \u2013 Our Africa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.discoversenegal.com\/History.html\" >An Abbreviated History of Senegal \u2013 DiscoverSenegal.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wn.com\/independence_of_senegal\" >Independence of Senegal \u2013 WN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morocco\" >Morocco<\/a>, a force of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berber_people\" >Berbers<\/a> from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlas_Mountains\" >Atlas Mountains<\/a> region of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algeria\" >Algeria<\/a> raid two rural settlements and kill 77 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >French<\/a> nationals.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong>USSR publicly acknowledges hydrogen bomb test detonation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archive.wired.com\/science\/discoveries\/news\/2007\/08\/dayintech_0820\" > 20, 1953: Soviets Say, \u2018We\u2019ve Got the H-Bomb, Too\u2019 \u2013 Wired.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >The Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailykos.com\/story\/2014\/05\/29\/1298292\/-H-Bomb-The-Design-of-Thermonuclear-Weapons\" >H-Bomb: The Design of the Thermonuclear Weapons \u2013 DailyKos.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/hydrogen-bomb.html\" >Hydrogen Bomb \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aip.org\/history\/sakharov\/hbomb.htm\" >THE HYDROGEN BOMB: 1950 \u2013 1956 \u2013 AIP.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >THE SOVIET UNION\u2019S NUCLEAR TESTING PROGRAMME \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-4-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR WEAPON TESTING BY THE SOVIET UNION &#8211; CITBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scribd.com\/doc\/22070\/Hydrogen-Bomb-H-BOMB#scribd\" >Hydrogen Bomb \u2013 Srcibd.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/opinion\/articles\/2015\/08\/07\/hiroshima-nagasaki-and-how-the-h-bomb-split-the-manhattan-project-team\" >Splitting the Atomic Scientists \u2013 How the question of building the hydrogen bomb the split the Manhattan Project scientific consensus, by Michael Hiltzik \u2013 USNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\" >Korean War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Taegu\" >repel<\/a> an offensive by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea\" >North Korean<\/a> divisions attempting to cross the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nakdonggang\" >Naktong River<\/a> and assault the city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daegu\" >Taegu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Romania\" >Battle of Romania<\/a> begins with a major <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> offensive.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KLB_Club\" >168 captured allied airmen<\/a>, including <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phil_Lamason\" >Phil Lamason<\/a>, accused by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gestapo\" >Gestapo<\/a> of being &#8220;terror fliers&#8221;, arrive at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buchenwald_concentration_camp\" >Buchenwald concentration camp<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom\" >British Prime Minister<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winston_Churchill\" >Winston Churchill<\/a> makes the fourth of his famous wartime speeches, containing the line &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Never_was_so_much_owed_by_so_many_to_so_few\" >Never was so much owed by so many to so few<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/churchill-society-london.org.uk\/thefew.html\" >Churchill\u2019s speech to the House of Commons \u2013 August 20, 1940 \u2013 The Churchill Society<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thefifthandfinalname.com\/grandfather-sir-winston-churchill\/famous-speeches-winston-churchill\/\" >The Famous Speeches of Winston Churchill \u2013 TheFifthAndTheFinalName.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexico_City\" >Mexico City<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexico\" >Mexico<\/a> exiled Russian revolutionary <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leon_Trotsky\" >Leon Trotsky<\/a> is fatally wounded with an ice axe by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ram%C3%B3n_Mercader\" >Ram\u00f3n Mercader<\/a>. He dies the next day.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Assassination_of_Trotsky\" >The Assassination of Leon Trotsky \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/1940s\/qt\/trotskydeath.htm\" >Leon Trotsky Assassinated \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/trotsky-assassinated-in-mexico\" >Trotsky assassinated in Mexico \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.banderasnews.com\/0705\/entbk-leontrotsky.htm\" >Stalin\u2019s Assassination of Leon Trotsky \u2013 BandersNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.socialismtoday.org\/49\/assassination.html\" >The Assassination of Trotsky \u2013 StalinismToday.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >German<\/a> forces occupy <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brussels\" >Brussels<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1882\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky\" >Tchaikovsky<\/a>&#8216;s <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1812_Overture\" >1812 Overture<\/a><\/em> debuts in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moscow\" >Moscow<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/classicalmusic.about.com\/od\/romanticperiod\/qt\/Tchaikovskys-1812-Overture.htm\" >History of Tchaikovsky\u2019s 1812 Overture \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VbxgYlcNxE8\" >YouTube video music (15 min. 08 sec.): Tchaikovsky\u2019s 1812 Overture (Full with Cannons)<\/a>, or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=N0cpKzDoOdA&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video music (14 min. 59 sec.): 1812 Overture &#8211; Tchaikovsky (Full)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1866\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrew_Johnson\" >Andrew Johnson<\/a> formally declares the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Civil_War\" >American Civil War<\/a> over.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1858\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Darwin\" >Charles Darwin<\/a> first publishes his theory of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evolution\" >evolution<\/a> through <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natural_selection\" >natural selection<\/a> in <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/journalofproceed03linn\" >The Journal of the Proceedings<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linnean_Society_of_London\" >Linnean Society of London<\/a><\/em>, alongside <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfred_Russel_Wallace\" >Alfred Russel Wallace<\/a>&#8216;s same theory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 21<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2013 <\/strong>Hundreds of people are reported killed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2013_Ghouta_attacks\" >chemical attacks<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghouta\" >Ghouta<\/a> region of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syria\" >Syria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/middleeast\/2013\/08\/201382163812810810.html\" >Hundred reported killed in Syria gas attack \u2013 ALJAZEERA.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/aug\/21\/syria-crisis-rebels-claim-hundreds-killed-government-chemical-weapons-attack-live\" >Syria crisis: Rebels claim hundreds killed in government chemical weapons attack Wednesday 21 August \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/world.time.com\/2013\/08\/21\/syrian-opposition-says-deadly-chemical-attack-kills-hundreds-in-damascus\/\" >Syrian Opposition Says Deadly Chemical Attack Kills Hundreds in Damascus \u2013 TIME<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2013\/08\/21\/syria-witnesses-describe-alleged-chemical-attacks\" >Syria: Witnesses Describe Alleged Chemical Attacks \u2013 Government Should Give UN Investigators Immediate Access \u2013 Human Rights Watch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.opcw.org\/chemical-weapons-convention\/\" >Chemical Weapons Convention &#8211; ORGANISATION FOR THE PROHIBITION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/WMD\/Chemical\/\" >CHEMICAL WEAPONS \u2013 United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement\" >Red Cross<\/a> announces that a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Famine\" >famine<\/a> is striking <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tajikistan\" >Tajikistan<\/a>, and calls for international financial aid for Tajikistan and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uzbekistan\" >Uzbekistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO\" >NATO<\/a> decides to send a peace-keeping force to the former <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia\" >Yugoslav<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Macedonia\" >Republic of Macedonia<\/a> to implement the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/fyrom\/tfh\/home.htm\" >Operation Essential Harvest, officially launched on August 22, 2001, and effectively started on August 27, 2001<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Essential_Harvest\" >Operation Essential Harvest \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tech.mit.edu\/V121\/N31\/NATO_copy.31w.html\" >NATO Oks Macedonia Mission \u2018Operation Essential Harvest\u2019 to Disarm Albanian, by Keith B. Richburg \u2013 August 22, 2001 \u2013 MIT.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/1473637\/The_Theory_And_Practice_Of_Preventive_Diplomacy_The_Case_Of_Preventive_Deployment_In_Macedonia\" >The Theory And Practice Of Preventive Diplomacy: The Case Of Preventive Deployment in Macedonia \u2013 Academia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cato.org\/publications\/commentary\/intervention-protection\" >Intervention Protection, by Gary Dempsey \u2013 CATO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/733330\" >\u201c<em>Even if a 3,500-strong NATO peacekeeping force is successfully deployed and relieves Macedonia&#8217;s ethnic-Albanian rebels of some of their weapons\u2014as is foreseen by a plan known as Operational Essential Harvest\u2014there is enough hatred, mistrust and opportunism in the country to keep tensions strained, and guns sputtering, for a long time to come<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Macedonia: War or Peace \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.orlandosentinel.com\/2001-08-16\/news\/0108160108_1_macedonia-nato-troops\" >Macedonia Awaits NATO Troops, by Donald G. McNeil \u2013 August 16, 2001 \u2013 Orlando Sentinel<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\" >NASA<\/a> loses contact with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars_Observer\" >Mars Observer<\/a> spacecraft.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Mars:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars\" >Mars &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mars.nasa.gov\/allaboutmars\/facts\/\" >MARS FACTS &#8211; NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/msl\/news\/msl20130312.html#.VcdRlvmufX4\" >NASA Rover Finds Conditions Once Suited for Ancient Life on Mars \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/news\/news.php?release=2014-065\" >NASA Scientists Find Evidence of Water in Meteorite, Reviving Debate Over Life on Mars &#8211; NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Ancient Civilization on Mars? :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.i4u.com\/2015\/06\/92604\/pyramid-found-mars-built-ancient-civilization\" >PYRAMID FOUND ON MARS BUILT BY AN ANCIENT CIVILIZATOIN? \u2013 I4U.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ireport.cnn.com\/docs\/DOC-65548\" >MARS civilization proof #2 \u2013 CNN i Report<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.inquisitr.com\/2198275\/pyramid-on-mars-proof-of-alien-civilization\/\" >Pyramid On Mars: Proof On Ancient Civilization? \u2013 Inquisitr.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.marsruins.com\/ThePyramidsofMars\/ThePyramidsofMars.htm\" >The Pyramids of Mars: Civilization Evidence 99#d \u2013 MarsRuins.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.starpulse.com\/news\/index.php\/2015\/06\/21\/nasas-curiosity-rover-snaps-pyramid-fo\" >NASA\u2019s Curiosity Rover Snaps Pyramid On Mars, Is This Proof of An Early Civilization? \u2013 StarPulse.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/weeklyworldnews.com\/aliens\/8218\/mars-traded-with-ancient-egypt\/\" >MARS TRADED ANCIENT EGYPT \u2013 WeeklyWorldNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bgr.com\/2015\/06\/24\/life-on-mars-pyramid-rock\/\" >Morons Believe This Pyramid-Shaped Rock Proves There\u2019s Life on Mars, by Brad Reed \u2013 BGR.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mars-earth.com\/cydonia_eygpt\/\" >THE MARS-EARTH CONNECTION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cydonia_%28region_of_Mars%29\" >Cydonia (region of Mars) &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nuclear War on Mars? :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.inquisitr.com\/1625693\/physicist-claims-evidence-ancient-nuclear-explosions-ended-life-on-mars\/\" >Physicist Claims Evidence Ancient Nuclear Explosions Ended Life On Mars \u2013 Inquisitr.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/sciencetech\/article-2843871\/Ancient-Martian-civilisation-wiped-nuclear-bomb-wielding-aliens-attack-Earth-claims-physicist.html\" >Ancient Martian civilization was wiped out by nuclear bomb-wielding aliens \u2013 and they could attack Earth next, claims physicist \u2013 DailyMail.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ancientnuclearwar.com\/\" >Presenting The First Global Nuclear War And a coverup of HISTORICAL Proportions! \u2013 AncientNuclearWar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt\" >Coup attempt<\/a> against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikhail_Gorbachev\" >Mikhail Gorbachev<\/a> collapses.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvia\" >Latvia<\/a> declares renewal of its full independence after the occupation of Soviet Union.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>History of Latvia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Latvia\" >History of Latvia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Latvia\" >History of Latvia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/latvia\/history\" >Latvia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/latvia.html\" >Latvia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.latvia.travel\/en\/article\/history-and-culture\" >Latvia \u2013 History and Culture<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/latvia\/2.htm\" >Latvia \u2013 Independence 1918 \u2013 1940 \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvian_War_of_Independence\" >Latvian War of Independence &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Independence of Latvia in 1991:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.officeholidays.com\/countries\/latvia\/independence_day.php\" >Independence Day of Latvia \u2013 November 18 \u2013 OfficeHolidays.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hngn.com\/articles\/105588\/20150701\/baltic-independence-russia-reviews-1991-decision-recognize-estonia-latvia-lithuanias.htm\" >\u201c<em>The Russian Prosecutor General&#8217;s office has said that it is reviewing the legality of three Baltic States&#8217; independent from the Soviet Union\u2026.\u2019Legally, the decision to recognize the independence of the Baltic States is defective due to the fact that it was taken by an unconstitutional body,\u2019 \u00a0the source said<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Baltic Independence: Russian Reviews 1991 Decision To Recognize Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania\u2019s Independence, by Som Patidar \u2013 July 1, 2015 \u2013 HNGN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Independence of a State in International Law:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sovereign_state#Constitutive_theory\" >Constitutive theory \u2013 Sovereign state \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sovereign_state#Declarative_theory\" >Declarative theory \u2013 Sovereign state \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sovereign_state#State_practice\" >State practice \u2013 Sovereign state &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sovereign_state#De_facto_and_de_jure_states\" >De facto and de jure states \u2013 Sovereign state &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sovereign_state#De_facto_and_de_jure_states\" >Sovereign state \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montevideo_Convention\" >\u201c<em>The <\/em>[Montevideo]<em> Convention <\/em>[= Convention on Rights and Duties of States] <em>codified the declarative theory of statehood as accepted as part of customary international la<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Montevideo Convention \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Montevideo-Convention\" >Montevideo Convention \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Full text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/intam03.asp\" >Convention on Rights and Duties of States \u2013 Avalon Project \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a>; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/sovereignty\/montevideo-convention-rights-duties-states\/p15897\" >Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States \u2013 CFR.org<\/a>; <strong>or<\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jus.uio.no\/english\/services\/library\/treaties\/01\/1-02\/rights-duties-states.xml\" >Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States \u2013 UIO.no<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3491637?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\" >The Declaration of Independence and International Law, by David Armitage \u2013 JSTRO.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ejil.org\/pdfs\/9\/3\/664.pdf\" >The Admission of New States to the International Community, by Christian Hillgruber<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/fichasmarra.wordpress.com\/2010\/03\/04\/recognition-of-states-and-governments-in-international-law\/\" >RECOGNIATION OF STATES AND GOVDERNMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW, by Manoel Giffoni \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenewinternationallaw.wordpress.com\/2012\/05\/02\/what-makes-a-state\/\" >What Makes a State? \u2013 The New International Law -WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carbon_dioxide\" >Carbon dioxide gas<\/a> erupts from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volcano\" >volcanic<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lake_Nyos\" >Lake Nyos<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cameroon\" >Cameroon<\/a>, killing up to 1,800 people within a 20-kilometer range.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>Philippine opposition leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benigno_Aquino,_Jr.\" >Benigno Aquino, Jr.<\/a> is assassinated at the Manila International Airport (now renamed <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ninoy_Aquino_International_Airport\" >Ninoy Aquino International Airport<\/a><\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1982_Lebanon_War\" >1982\u00a0 Lebanese Civil War<\/a><\/strong>: The first troops of a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Multinational_Force_in_Lebanon\" >multinational force<\/a> lands in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beirut\" >Beirut<\/a> to oversee the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestine_Liberation_Organization\" >Palestine Liberation Organization<\/a>&#8216;s withdrawal from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanon\" >Lebanon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liberty05.com\/civilwar\/civi2.html\" >Lebanese Civil War 1982 &#8211; Liberty05.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-14649284\" >Lebanon profile &#8211; Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/History\/Lebanon_War.html\" >First Lebanon War (1982 \u2013 1985) Background &amp; Overview \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.beirut.com\/l\/26080\" >Lebanese Civil War: Flash Back to 1982 \u2013 Beirut.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>Soviet dancer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Godunov\" >Alexander Godunov<\/a> defects to the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axe_murder_incident#Operation_Paul_Bunyan\" >Operation Paul Bunyan<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panmunjom\" >Panmunjom<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea\" >South Korea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong>US <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory\" >orbiting astronomy observatory<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov\/docs\/copernicus\/copernicus.html\" >Copernicus<\/a> launched.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong>A bomb exploded in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberal_Party_%28Philippines%29\" >Liberal Party<\/a> campaign rally in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plaza_Miranda_bombing\" >Plaza Miranda<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manila\" >Manila<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a> with several anti-<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferdinand_Marcos\" >Marcos<\/a> political candidates injured.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" >Australian<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denis_Michael_Rohan\" >Denis Michael Rohan<\/a>, sets the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Aqsa_Mosque\" >Al-Aqsa Mosque<\/a> on fire, a major catalyst of the formation of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation\" >Organisation of Islamic Cooperation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Anderson,_Jr.\" >James Anderson, Jr.<\/a> posthumously receives the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medal_of_Honor\" >Medal of Honor<\/a> to be awarded to an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_American\" >African American<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >U.S. Marine<\/a>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Anderson,_Jr.\" >James Anderson, Jr.<\/a> posthumously receives the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medal_of_Honor\" >Medal of Honor<\/a> to be awarded to an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_American\" >African American<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >U.S. Marine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu\" >Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu<\/a>, leader of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Romania\" >Communist Romania<\/a>, publicly condemns the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> led <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia\" >Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia<\/a>, encouraging the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romanians\" >Romanian<\/a> population to arm itself against possible Soviet reprisals.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X%C3%A1_L%E1%BB%A3i_Pagoda_raids\" >X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Pagoda raids<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Vietnam_Special_Forces\" >Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces<\/a> loyal to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ngo_Dinh_Nhu\" >Ngo Dinh Nhu<\/a>, brother of President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ngo_Dinh_Diem\" >Ngo Dinh Diem<\/a>, vandalizes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhism\" >Buddhist<\/a> pagodas across the country, arresting thousands and leaving an estimated hundreds dead.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >United States President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dwight_D._Eisenhower\" >Dwight D. Eisenhower<\/a> signs an executive order proclaiming <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawaii\" >Hawaii<\/a> the 50th state of the union. Hawaii&#8217;s admission is currently commemorated by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawaii_Admission_Day\" >Hawaii Admission Day<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> successfully conducts a long-range test flight of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R-7_Semyorka\" >R-7 Semyorka<\/a>, the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile\" >intercontinental ballistic missile<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.prlib.ru\/en-us\/History\/Pages\/Item.aspx?itemid=645\" >The first Soviet Intercontinental Ballistic rocket R-7 launched \u2013 21 August 1957 \u2013 Presidential Library \u2013 PrLib.ru<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spacewar.com\/reports\/R_7_Intercontinental_Ballistic_Missile_999.html\" >R-7 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile \u2013 SpaceWar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/ICBM\" >ICBM \u2013 Encyclopedia Brintannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lockheedmartin.com\/us\/products\/intercontinental-ballistic-missile--icbm-.html\" >Intercontinental Ballistic Missile \u2013 LockheedMartin.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/mimi\/learn\/historyculture\/intercontinental-ballistic-missiles.htm\" >Intercontinental Ballistic Missles \u2013 National Park Service<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.space.com\/19601-how-intercontinental-ballistic-missiles-work-infographic.html\" >How Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Work (Infographic) \u2013 Space.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/intro\/missile\/icbm.htm\" >Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>Physicist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_K._Daghlian,_Jr.\" >Harry K. Daghlian, Jr.<\/a> is fatally irradiated in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Criticality_accident\" >criticality accident<\/a> during an experiment with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demon_core\" >Demon core<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory\" >Los Alamos National Laboratory<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canadian<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poland\" >Polish<\/a> units <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Tractable\" >capture<\/a> the strategically important town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Falaise,_Calvados\" >Falaise, Calvados<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference\" >Dumbarton Oaks Conference<\/a>, prelude to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>, begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Dumbarton Oaks:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/aboutun\/history\/dumbarton_yalta.shtml\" >Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta \u2013 History of the United Nations \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/pha\/policy\/1944\/441007a.html\" >DUMBARTON OAKS \u2013 iBIBLIO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unmultimedia.org\/oralhistory\/category\/un-1944-dumbarton-oaks-conference\/\" >Category Archives: UN 1944 Dumbarton Oaks Conference \u2013 Joseph Jonson \u2013 Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld Library &#8211; UNMultiMedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>For the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/aboutun\/history\/index.shtml\" >history of the United Nations<\/a> and its relevant subjects, visit also<\/em> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/06\/this-week-in-history-29\/\" ><strong>JUNE 26, 1945:<\/strong> The United Nations Charter is signed in San Francisco in <strong>This Week in History<\/strong><\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_United_Nations\" >History of the United Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/aboutun\/history\/index.shtml\" >History of the United Nations \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/unu.edu\/search\/history+of+the+united+nations\" >History of the United Nations \u2013 Search Results \u2013 United Nations University<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/united-nations-history.html\" >United Nations \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Book: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.doaks.org\/resources\/publications\/books-in-print\/dumbarton-oaks-conversations-1944-a-1994\" >Dumbarton Oaks Conversations and the United Nations, 1944 \u2013 1994 \u2013 DOAKS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guadalcanal_Campaign\" >Guadalcanal Campaign<\/a>: American forces defeat an attack by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Japanese_Army\" >Imperial Japanese Army<\/a> soldiers in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_Tenaru\" >Battle of the Tenaru<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The flag of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany<\/a> is installed atop the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mount_Elbrus\" >Mount Elbrus<\/a>, the highest peak of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caucasus_Mountains\" >Caucasus<\/a> mountain range.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Battle_of_the_Somme_%281918%29\" >Second Battle of the Somme<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Charleroi\" >Battle of Charleroi<\/a>, a successful German attack across the River <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sambre\" >Sambre<\/a> which pre-empted a French offensive in the same area.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong>The <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mona_Lisa\" >Mona Lisa<\/a><\/em> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Art_theft\" >stolen<\/a> by a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre\" >Louvre<\/a> employee.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1901 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Secretariat_of_National_Trade_Union_Centres\" >International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres<\/a> is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copenhagen\" >Copenhagen<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1897\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oldsmobile\" >Oldsmobile<\/a>, a brand of American automobiles, is founded.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.glorene.com\/auto\/main\/features\/wwii\/oldsinwar1.htm\" >Oldsmobile\u2019s Role during World War II \u2013 Glorene.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usautoindustryworldwartwo.com\/General%20Motors\/Olds.htm\" >Oldsmobile in World War II \u2013 USAutoIndustryWorldWarTwo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.outrightolds.com\/index.php\/story-of-olds\/company-history\" >Oldsmobile Company History \u2013 OutRightOlds.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1888\u00a0 <\/strong>The first successful <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adding_machine\" >adding machine<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> is patented by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Seward_Burroughs_I\" >William Seward Burroughs<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1883\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1883_Rochester_tornado\" >An F5 tornado<\/a> strikes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rochester,_Minnesota\" >Rochester, Minnesota<\/a>, leading to the creation of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mayo_Clinic\" >Mayo Clinic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1879\u00a0 <\/strong>The Virgin Mary, along with St. Joseph and St. John the Evangelist, reportedly <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marian_apparition\" >appears<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knock_Shrine\" >Knock Shrine<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knock,_County_Mayo\" >Knock, County Mayo<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ireland\" >Ireland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.knock-shrine.ie\/\" >Knock Shrine \u2013 Official Website<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.knockshrine.ie\/history\/\" >its History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marian_apparition\" >Marian apparition \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.all-about-the-virgin-mary.com\/apparitions.html\" >Marian Apparitions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/chickgeek.org\/marian-apparitions\/\" >Marian Apparitions Around the World \u2013 Chickgeek.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/radionational\/programs\/encounter\/4812020\" >Why millions of Muslims seeing the Mother Mary \u2013 ABC.net.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/orthodoxinfo.com\/inquirers\/marian_apparitions.aspx\" >Marian Apparitions: Divine Intervention or Delusion? ,by Miriam Lambouras \u2013 OrthdoxInfo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.topsecretwriters.com\/2014\/12\/reported-marian-apparitions-still-happening-around-world\/\" >Reported Marian Apparitions Are Still Happening Around the World \u2013 TopSecretWriters.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1863\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lawrence,_Kansas\" >Lawrence, Kansas<\/a> is destroyed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confederate_States_of_America\" >Confederate<\/a> guerrillas <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quantrill%27s_Raiders\" >Quantrill&#8217;s Raiders<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lawrence_Massacre\" >Lawrence Massacre<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1852\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tlingit_people\" >Tlingit Indians<\/a> destroy <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fort_Selkirk,_Yukon\" >Fort Selkirk, Yukon<\/a> Territory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1831\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nat_Turner\" >Nat Turner<\/a> leads <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion\" >black slaves and free blacks in a rebellion<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/newsone.com\/2031906\/nat-turner-rebellion-1831\/\" >Nat Turner Led Southampton Slave Rebellion On This Day In 1831 \u2013 NewsOne.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.africanamericanhistoryonline.com\/natturner.php\" >Nat Turner \u2013 AfricanAmericanHistoryOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.learnnc.org\/lp\/editions\/nchist-newnation\/4574\" >1. Nat Turner\u2019s Rebellion, by L. Maren Wood, and David Walbert \u2013 LearnNC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/11\/11\/this-day-in-history-nat-turner_n_4255253.html\" >\u201c<em>He led the uprising on August 21st 1831, and successfully hid in the woods for six weeks. Turner believed he was chosen by God to relieve slaves from bondage<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 This Day [November 11] in History: Nat Turner Was Killed After Leading a Slave Revolt \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/natturner\/slave_rebellions.html\" >Slave Rebellions Timeline \u2013 Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property &#8211; PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/black-history\/slavery-iv-slave-rebellions\" >SLAVE REBELLIONS \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1821\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jarvis_Island\" >Jarvis Island<\/a> is discovered by the crew of the ship, <em>Eliza Frances<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Jarvis-Island\" >Jarvis Island \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jarvisisland.info\/history.html\" >History of Jarvis Island \u2013 JarvisIsland.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/refuges\/profiles\/index.cfm?id=12513\" >Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge \u2013 Jarvis Island<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2012\/aug\/15\/tiny-pacific-island-ocean-health-index\" >Tiny Pacific island tops world ocean health index Wednesday, 12 August 2012 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1808\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Vimeiro\" >Battle of Vimeiro<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland\" >British<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_people\" >Portuguese<\/a> forces led by General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington\" >Arthur Wellesley<\/a> defeat <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Armed_Forces\" >French<\/a> force under Major-General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Andoche_Junot\" >Jean-Andoche Junot<\/a> near the village of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vimeiro\" >Vimeiro<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portugal\" >Portugal<\/a>, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peninsular_War\" >Peninsular War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1772\u00a0 <\/strong>King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustav_III_of_Sweden\" >Gustav III<\/a> completes his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat<\/a> by adopting a new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swedish_Constitution_of_1772\" >Constitution<\/a>, ending <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Age_of_Liberty\" >half a century of parliamentary rule<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sweden\" >Sweden<\/a> and installing himself as an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enlightened_absolutism\" >enlightened despot<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1770\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Cook\" >James Cook<\/a> formally claims eastern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" >Australia<\/a> for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain\" >Great Britain<\/a>, naming it <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_South_Wales\" >New South Wales<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.doryanthes.info\/pdf\/Cook%20Endeavour%20Journal%20Eastern%20Australia%201770%5B1%5D.pdf\" >James Cook on the east coast of Australia 1770<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/on-this-day\/august-21-1770-ce-james-cook-declares-eastern-australia-for-great-britain\" >August 21, 1770 CE \u2013 James Cook Declares Eastern Australia for Great Britain \u2013 MapOfWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gutenberg.net.au\/pages\/cook.html\" >\u201c<em>Captain James Cook, discoverer of the east coast of Australia, was one of England&#8217;s ablest navigators and an astronomer of note. Captain James Cook, discoverer of the east coast of Australia, was one of England&#8217;s ablest navigators and an astronomer of note<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 James Cook (1728 \u2013 1779) \u2013 Gutenberg.net.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.australia.gov.au\/about-australia\/australian-story\/european-discovery-and-colonisation\" >European discovery and colonisation of Australia \u2013 Australia.gov.au<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 22<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2012_Tana_River_District_clashes\" >Ethnic clashes<\/a> over <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grazing_rights\" >grazing rights<\/a> for cattle in Kenya&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tana_River_District\" >Tana River District<\/a> result in more than 52 deaths.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Storm_botnet\" >Storm botnet<\/a>, a botnet created by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Storm_Worm\" >Storm Worm<\/a>, sends out a record 57 million e-mails in one day.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pulkovo_Aviation_Enterprise_Flight_612\" >Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 612<\/a> crashes near the Russian border over eastern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine\" >Ukraine<\/a>, killing all 170 people on board.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>Versions of <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Scream\" >The Scream<\/a><\/em> and <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madonna_%28Edvard_Munch%29\" >Madonna<\/a><\/em>, two paintings by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edvard_Munch\" >Edvard Munch<\/a>, are stolen at gunpoint from a museum in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo\" >Oslo<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norway\" >Norway<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Clinton\" >Bill Clinton<\/a> signs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Personal_Responsibility_and_Work_Opportunity_Act\" >welfare reform<\/a> into law, representing major shift in US welfare policy<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>The <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front\" >Sandinista National Liberation Front<\/a><\/em> (FLSN) occupies national palace in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicaragua\" >Nicaragua<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jorian.com\/san.html\" >The Impact of the Sandinistas of Nicaragua, by Jorian Polis Schutz \u2013 ROUGH DRAFT \u2013 Jorian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.absoluteastronomy.com\/timeline\/Nicaragua\" >Nicaragua Timeline \u2013 AbsoluteAstronomy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Nicaragua\" >History of Nicaragua \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nicaragua\/3.htm\" >Nicaragua \u2013 History \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/nicaragua.html\" >Nicaragua \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/worldfacts.us\/Nicaragua.htm\" >Facts About Nicaragua \u2013 WorldFacts.us<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congress_of_Chile\" >Congress of Chile<\/a> votes in favour of a resolution condemning President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salvador_Allende\" >Salvador Allende<\/a>&#8216;s government and demands him to resign or else be unseated through force and new elections be called. The first demand is executed eighteen days later in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27etat\" >a bloody coup d&#8217;etat<\/a>, commencing 17 years of military rule.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhodesia\" >Rhodesia<\/a> is expelled by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Olympic_Committee\" >IOC<\/a> for its racist policies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J._Edgar_Hoover\" >J. Edgar Hoover<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_N._Mitchell\" >John Mitchell<\/a> announce the arrest of 20 of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Camden_28\" >the Camden 28<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>Labor movements <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Farm_Workers\" >NFWA<\/a> and AWOC merge to become the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1966\/8\/22\/the-united-farm-workers-organizing-committee-ufwoc-is-formed\" >United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC)<\/a>, predecessor of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Farm_Workers\" >United Farm Workers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ufw.org\/_page.php?menu=research&amp;inc=history\/03.html\" >United Farm Workers (UFW) \u2013 Official Website<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.laits.utexas.edu\/jaime\/cwp2\/ccg\/historyofufw.html\" >History of the UFW \u2013 Utexas.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>American <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_A._Walker\" >Joe Walker<\/a> in an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_X-15\" >X-15<\/a> test plane reaches an altitude of 106\u00a0km (66\u00a0mi).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dfrc.nasa.gov\/Gallery\/Photo\/X-15\/HTML\/E-6682.html\" >X-15 #2 with test pilot Joe Walker \u2013 DFRC.NASA.gov<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/dryden\/multimedia\/imagegallery\/X-15\/E-6682.html\" >X-15 Pilot Joe Walker \u2013 NASA.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong>An attempt to assassinate French <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President\" >president<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_de_Gaulle\" >Charles de Gaulle<\/a> fails.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/citroen-helps-de-gaulle-survive-assassination-attempt\" >Citroen helps De Gaulle survive assassination attempt \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/jfkplusfifty.wordpress.com\/2011\/08\/23\/de-gaulle-survives-assassination-attempt\/\" >DE GAULLE SURVIVES ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/113011581\" >Infamous Assassinations\u00a0: The Attempts on President DeGaulle (PERMINDEX) \u2013 VIMEO.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ida_Siekmann\" >Ida Siekmann<\/a> dies attempting to cross the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin_Wall\" >Berlin Wall<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/cold-war\/berlin-wall\" >BERLIN WALL \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historytoday.com\/frederick-taylor\/berlin-wall-secret-history\" >The Berlin Wall: A Secret History \u2013 HistoryToday.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.local-life.com\/berlin\/articles\/wall\" >The Berlin Wall \u2013 Local-Life.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailysoft.com\/berlinwall\/history\/\" >BERLIN WALL ONLINE \u2013 DaiySoft.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/places\/berlin_wall\" >The Berlin Crisis and the construction of the Berlin Wall \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2009\/oct\/27\/berlin-wall-short-history\" >A Berlin Wall: a short history \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.the-berlin-wall.com\/\" >History of the Berlin Wall \u2013 The-Berlin-Wall.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailysoft.com\/berlinwall\/\" >Chronical of the Berlin Wall \u2013 BERLIN WALL ONLINE \u2013 DailySoft.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penal_colony\" >penal colony<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Devil%27s_Island\" >Devil&#8217;s Island<\/a> is permanently closed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Althea_Gibson\" >Althea Gibson<\/a> becomes the first black <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Competition\" >competitor<\/a> in international <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tennis\" >tennis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1949_Queen_Charlotte_Islands_earthquake\" >Queen Charlotte earthquake<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canada<\/a>&#8216;s largest earthquake since the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1700_Cascadia_earthquake\" >1700 Cascadia earthquake<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holocaust_of_Kedros\" >Holocaust of Kedros<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crete\" >Crete<\/a> by German forces<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romania<\/a> is captured by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brazil\" >Brazil<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vargas_Era\" >declares war<\/a> on Germany and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italy\" >Italy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Troop\" >troops<\/a> reach <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_Petersburg\" >Leningrad<\/a>, leading to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Leningrad\" >siege of Leningrad<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1932\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC\" >BBC<\/a> first experiments with television broadcasting. (See also <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_BBC#1930s\" >Timeline of the BBC<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>1922\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Collins_%28Irish_leader%29\" >Michael Collins<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commander-in-chief\" >Commander-in-chief<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Free_State\" >Irish Free State<\/a> Army, is shot dead during an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Republican_Army_%281922%E2%80%931969%29\" >Anti-Treaty<\/a> ambush at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%A9al_na_Bl%C3%A1th\" >B\u00e9al na Bl\u00e1th<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/County_Cork\" >County Cork<\/a>, during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Civil_War\" >Irish Civil War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1910\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korea\" >Korea<\/a> is annexed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a> with the signing of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910\" >Japan\u2013Korea Treaty of 1910<\/a>, beginning a period of Japanese rule of Korea that lasted until the end of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1902\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cadillac\" >Cadillac<\/a> Motor Company is founded.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/07\/20\/automobiles\/collectibles\/this-1918-cadillac-type-57-served-in-world-war-i.html?_r=0\" >This 1918 Cadillac Type 57 Served in World War I \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gmauthority.com\/blog\/2014\/07\/1918-cadillac-type-57-is-a-world-war-i-survivor\/\" >1918 Cadillac Type 57 Is A World War I Survivor \u2013 GMAuthority.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usautoindustryworldwartwo.com\/General%20Motors\/cadillac.htm\" >Cadillac in World War II \u2013USAutoIndustryWorldWarTwo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cadillacforums.com\/cadillac-history.html\" >Cadillac History \u2013 CadillacForums.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1864\u00a0 <\/strong>Twelve <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nation\" >nations<\/a> sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Geneva_Convention\" >First Geneva Convention<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geneva_Conventions\" >Geneva Conventions &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Geneva-Conventions\" >Geneva Conventions \u2013 1864 \u2013 1977 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rocketswag.com\/travel\/europe\/switzerland\/geneva\/Geneva-Convention-And-The-Rules-Of-War.html\" >Geneva Convention And The Rules Of Law \u2013 RocketsWag.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/people.howstuffworks.com\/rules-of-war1.htm\" >How the Rules of War Work \u2013 HowStuffWorks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/moyers\/journal\/05292009\/profile3.html\" >History of the Geneva Conventions \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1849 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airstrike\" >air raid<\/a> in history. Austria launches pilotless balloons against the city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venice\" >Venice<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aerial_bomb#Early_bombs\" >\u201c<em>The first bombs delivered to their targets by air were launched on unmanned balloons, carrying a single bomb, by the Austrians against Venice in 1849<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Aerial Bomb &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/smartfootball.com\/offense\/the-air-raid-offense-history-evolution-weirdness-from-mumme-to-leach-to-franklin-to-holgorsen-and-beyond#sthash.4Ets94yp.dpbs\" >The Air Raid Offence: History, Evolution, Weirdness \u2013 SmallFootball.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rafmuseum.org.uk\/research\/online-exhibitions\/history-of-the-battle-of-britain\/air-raid-shelter-protection.aspx\" >Air Raid Shelter Protection \u2013 RAFMuseum.org.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1831\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion\" >Nat Turner&#8217;s slave rebellion<\/a> commences just after midnight in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southampton_County,_Virginia\" >Southampton County, Virginia<\/a>, leading to the deaths of more than 50 whites and several hundred <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_American\" >African Americans<\/a> who are killed in retaliation for the uprising.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 23<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2013_Palmasola_prison_riot\" >riot<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palmasola\" >Palmasola<\/a> prison complex in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra\" >Santa Cruz<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bolivia\" >Bolivia<\/a>, kills 31 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>Libyan leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muammar_Gaddafi\" >Muammar Gaddafi<\/a> is overthrown after the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Transitional_Council\" >National Transitional Council<\/a> forces take control of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bab_al-Azizia\" >Bab al-Azizia<\/a> compound during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2011_Libyan_civil_war\" >2011 Libyan civil war<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Muammar Gaddafi:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/biography\/var\/muammargaddafi.html\" >Muammar Gaddafi \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.biography.com\/people\/muammar-al-qaddafi-39014\" >Muammar Gaddafi \u2013 Biography \u2013 Biography.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/biography\/Qaddafi.html\" >Muammar Gaddafi \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-12688033\" >The Muammar Gaddafi Story \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2011\/oct\/20\/muammar-gaddafi-timeline\" >Muammar Gaddafi Timeline \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usernetsite.com\/society\/muammar-abu-minyar-al-gaddafi.php\" >Muammar Minyar al-Gaddafi \u2013 UserNetSite.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topinfopost.com\/2013\/06\/01\/the-story-of-muammar-gaddafi\" >The Story of Muammar Gaddafi \u2013 TIPInfoPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/batr.org\/reactionary\/030611.html\" >Is Gaddafi an Oil Robber Baron? \u2013 BATRO.org<\/a>r<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hollowverse.com\/muammar-gaddafi\/\" >The religion and political view of Muammar Gaddafi \u2013 Hollowverse.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_International_Theory\" >\u201c<em>The Third International Theory, also known as the Third Universal Theory (Arabic: <\/em>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<em>\u200e) refers to the style of government proposed by Col. Muammar Gaddafi in the early 1970s\u2026.<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Third International Theory &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Libya:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Libya\" >History of Libya \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldrover.com\/history\/libya_history.html\" >History of Libya \u2013 WorldRover.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/libya.html\" >Libya \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Libya under Gaddafi:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi\" >History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi\" >Foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.celebrityillustratedmagazine.com\/q\/Politics_of_Libya_under_Gaddafi\" >Politics of Libya under Gaddafi \u2013 CelebrityIllustratedMagazine.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cjpmo.org\/DisplayDocument.aspx?DocumentID=1557\" >Factsheet: Libya\u2019s Muammar Gaddafi \u2013 CJPME.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ireport.cnn.com\/docs\/DOC-884508\" >Facts about Libya under Gaddafi that you probably did not know about! \u2013 CNN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/qaddafi-leads-coup-in-libya\" >Gaddafi leads coup in Libya on September 1, 1969 \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Libya and Oil:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rigsworld.com\/libya-oil.php\" >\u201c<em>Libya has the largest proven oil reserves in Africa<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 RigsWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oil_reserves_in_Libya\" >\u201c<em>Oil reserves in Libya<\/em><em> are the largest in Africa and among the ten largest globally\u2026..<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Oil reserves in Libya \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rigsworld.com\/libya-oil.php\" >Libya facts and figures \u2013 OPEC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Oil_Corporation\" >\u201c<em>The National Oil Corporation (NOC) is the national oil company of Libya. It dominates Libya&#8217;s oil industry, along with a number of smaller subsidiaries, which combined account for around 70% the country&#8217;s oil output<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 National Oil Corporation &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2011\/02\/22\/us-libya-usa-oilcompanies-idUSTRE71L5Y820110222\" >Factbox: US oil companies\u2019 interests in Libya \u2013 Reuters.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/libya-all-about-oil-818\/\" >Libya: So, it was all about oil after all! \u2013 RT.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/orientalreview.org\/2011\/03\/05\/the-united-states-will-take-libya%E2%80%99s-oil-and-gas-by-force\/\" >The United States Will Take Libya\u2019s Oil and Gas by Force \u2013 Sat. Mar 5, 2011 \u2013 OrientalReview.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/economy\/conflict-in-libya-us-oil-companies-sit-on-sidelines-as-gaddafi-maintains-hold\/2011\/06\/03\/AGJq2QPH_story.html\" >Conflict in Libya: US oil companies sit on sidelines as Gaddafi maintains hold \u2013 June 10, 2011 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.marketplace.org\/topics\/military-intervention-libya\/oils-role-libyan-conflict\" >Oil\u2019s role in the Libyan conflict \u2013 MarketPlace.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mcclatchydc.com\/news\/nation-world\/national\/article24617986.html\" >\u201c<em>The divide between Europe and the United States over how best to end the regime of Libyan strongman Moammar Gadhafi isn&#8217;t just about military matters. It also involves oil<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Europe doesn\u2019t hit oil companies in Libya as hard as the US does \u2013 McClatchyDC.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sourcewatch.org\/index.php?title=Libyan_oil_industry\" >Libyan oil industry \u2013 SourceWatch.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/dailychart\/2011\/02\/libyan_oil\" >Which countries depend most on Libyan oil? &#8211; Relying on Libya \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/libya\/united-states-should-keep-out-libya\/p24325\" >The United States Should Keep Out of Libya, by Richard N. Haas \u2013 March 8, 2011 \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/us-lba.org\/\" >\u201c<em>About Us: <\/em><em>The U.S.-Libya Business Association (USLBA) is the only member-based U.S. trade association focusing solely on the United States and Libya<\/em>.\u201d The US-Libya Business Association \u2013 USLBA \u2013 US-LBA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Libyan Civil War of 2011:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_2011_Libyan_Civil_War\" >Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fpc.state.gov\/documents\/organization\/157348.pdf\" >Libya: Background and the US Relations, by Christopher M. Blanchard, and Jim Zanotti \u2013 February 18, 2011 \u2013 Congressional Research Service<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2014\/08\/01\/the-united-states-nato-and-the-destruction-of-libya\/\" >The United States, NATO and the Destruction of Libya, by Horace G. Campbell \u2013 August 1, 2014 \u2013 CounterPunch.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.outsidethebeltway.com\/what-is-the-united-states-doing-in-libya\/\" >What is the United States Doing in Libya?, by James Joyner \u2013 Saturday, March 19, 2011 \u2013 OutsideTheBeltway.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/war\/libya-civil-war.htm\" >Libya Civil War (2011) \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liveleak.com\/c\/2011_Libyan_civil_war\" >2011 Libyan civil war \u2013 LiveLeak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/09\/20\/world\/libya-civil-war-fast-facts\/index.html\" >2011 Libya Civil War Fast Facts \u2013 CNN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/793\/libya\" >Crisis in Libya \u2013 GlobalIssues.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onwar.com\/aced\/chrono\/c2000s\/yr10\/libyancivilwar2011.htm\" >Libyan Civil War 2011 \u2013 OnWar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/topic\/unrest-conflicts-war\/demonstration\/2011-libyan-civil-war-EVGAP00004-topic.html\" >2011 Libyan Civil War \u2013 ChicagoTribune.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/jurist.org\/feature\/featured\/libya-conflict\/\" >The Libya Conflict \u2013 Jurist.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/libya-civil-war\/\" >Libya Civil War \u2013 News Archives \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2011\/09\/08\/libya-war-died_n_953456.html\" >Libya: Estimated 30,000 Died In War; 4,000 Still Missing \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>A magnitude 5.8 (class: moderate) <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2011_Virginia_earthquake\" >earthquake<\/a> occurs in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virginia\" >Virginia<\/a>. Damage occurs to monuments and structures in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_D.C.\" >Washington D.C.<\/a> and the resulted damage is estimated at $200\u00a0million\u2013$300\u00a0million USD.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manila_hostage_crisis\" >Manila hostage crisis<\/a>, in which eight hostages were killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>The skeletal remains of Russia&#8217;s last royal family members <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexei_Nikolaevich,_Tsarevich_of_Russia\" >Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia<\/a>, and his sister <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_Russia\" >Grand Duchess Anastasia<\/a> are discovered near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yekaterinburg\" >Yekaterinburg<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2007\/aug\/25\/russia.lukeharding\" >Bones found by Russian builder finally solve riddle of the missing Romanovs \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/scienceblogs.com\/intersection\/2009\/03\/11\/romanov-mystery-solved-remains\/\" >Romanov Mystery Solved: Remains Of Anastasia And Alexei Identified, by Sheril R. Kirshenbaum, March 11, 2009 \u2013 The Intersection \u2013 ScienceBlogs.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natascha_Kampusch\" >Natascha Kampusch<\/a>, who had been abducted at the age of ten, escapes from her captor <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolfgang_Priklopil\" >Wolfgang Priklopil<\/a>, after eight years of captivity.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2609821\/Austrian-kidnap-victim-Natascha-Kampusch-recluse-contact-horror-scenario.html\" >\u201dNatascha Kampusch, who was held prisoner in an Austrian cellar for eight years, has finally revealed the extent of her abuse at the hands of her kidnapper.\u201d \u2013 DailyMail<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globantihumantraffickwatch.blogspot.com\/2013\/06\/the-case-of-natascha-kampusch-part-3.html\" >Human Trafficking: The Case of Natascha Kampusch &#8211; Global Human Trafficking Watch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_trafficking\" >Human trafficking \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/humantrafficking.org\/\" >Human Trafficking \u2013 HumanTrafficking.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unodc.org\/unodc\/en\/human-trafficking\/what-is-human-trafficking.html\" >What Is Human Trafficking \u2013 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_Air_Flight_072\" >Gulf Air Flight 072<\/a> crashes into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persian_Gulf\" >Persian Gulf<\/a> near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manama,_Bahrain\" >Manama, Bahrain<\/a>, killing 143.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osama_bin_Laden\" >Osama bin Laden<\/a> issues message entitled &#8216;A declaration of war against the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >Americans<\/a> occupying the land of the two holy places.&#8217;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/updates\/military-july-dec96-fatwa_1996\/\" >Bin Laden\u2019s Fatwa, by NEWS DESK, August 23, 1996 \u2013 PBS NEWSHOUR \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Blotter\/osama-bin-laden-video-terror-threats-warns-capitalization\/story?id=14507258\" >Osama bin Laden\u2019s Last Message to America: Beware Capitalism? \u2013 ABCNews.go.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/terrorist-leaders\/messages-interviews-osama-bin-laden\/p25267\" >Messages and Interviews of Osama bin Laden \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2002\/nov\/24\/theobserver\" >Full text: bin Laden\u2019s \u2018letter to America\u2019 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mprofaca.cro.net\/binladen_transcript.html\" >Full English transcript of Usama bin Laden\u2019s speech in a videotape sent to Aljazeera \u2013 As published by Aljazeera, Monday 01 November 2004 \u2013 MPROFACA.cro.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eugene_Bullard\" >Eugene Bullard<\/a>, the only black pilot in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>, is posthumously commissioned as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Lieutenant\" >Second Lieutenant<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Air_Force\" >United States Air Force<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_history_of_African_Americans\" >Military history of African Americans \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/airforcelive.dodlive.mil\/2013\/02\/african-american-history-month-african-americans-in-leadership\/\" >AFRICAN-AMERICAN AIR FORCE LEADERSHIP \u2013 THE OFFICIAL BLOG OF THE US AIR FORCE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.defense.gov\/home\/features\/2007\/BlackHistoryMonth\/Timeline.html\" >AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE MILTARY \u2013 United States Department of Defense<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationalww2museum.org\/learn\/education\/for-students\/ww2-history\/at-a-glance\/tuskegee-airmen.pdf\" >THE TUSKEGEE AIRMAN \u2013 The African American Pilots of WWII<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.445aw.afrc.af.mil\/news\/story.asp?id=123438437\" >Air Force celebrates African American History Month \u2013 445<sup>th<\/sup> Airlift Wing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tuskegeeairmen.org\/\" >\u201c<em>\u2019Tuskegee Airmen\u2019 refers to the men and women, African-Americans and Caucasians, who were involved in the so-called &#8220;Tuskegee Experience&#8221;, the Army Air Corps program to train African Americans to fly and maintain combat aircraft.<\/em>\u201d &#8211; TUSKEGEE AIRMEN INC.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/opb\/historydetectives\/feature\/african-americans-in-combat\/\" >African Americans in Combat \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong>The <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galileo_%28spacecraft%29\" >Galileo<\/a><\/em> spacecraft discovers a moon, later named <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/solarviews.com\/eng\/ida.htm\" >Dactyl<\/a>, around <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/243_Ida\" >243 Ida<\/a>, the first known <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asteroid_moon\" >asteroid moon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/neo.jpl.nasa.gov\/images\/ida.html\" >IMAGES OF ASTEROIDS IDA AND DACTYL \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/galileo\/gallery\/top10science-3.cfm\" >The Asteroid 243 Ida and Its Moon Dactyl \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.astronet.ru\/db\/xware\/msg\/apod\/2002-06-30\" >Ida and Dactyl: Asteroid and Moon \u2013 Atronet.ru<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tim_Berners-Lee\" >Tim Berners-Lee<\/a> opens the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WWW\" >WWW<\/a>, World Wide Web to new users.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web\" >History of World Wide Web \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/webfoundation.org\/about\/vision\/history-of-the-web\/\" >History of the Web \u2013 WebFoundation.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/websearch.about.com\/od\/searchingtheweb\/a\/webhistory.htm\" >The History of the Web, by Wendy Boswell \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nethistory.info\/History%20of%20the%20Internet\/web.html\" >History of the World Wide Web \u2013 NetHistory.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/webdesign.tutsplus.com\/articles\/a-brief-history-of-the-world-wide-web--webdesign-8710\" >A Brief History of the World Wide Web, by Aaron Lumsden \u2013 Web Design<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.whoishostingthis.com\/resources\/history-of-web\/\" >History of WWW \u2013 WhoIsHostingThis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2014\/03\/11\/world-wide-web-timeline\/\" >World Wide Web Timeline \u2013 PewInternet.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Germany\" >West Germany<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East Germany<\/a> announce that they will reunite on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/October_3\" >October 3<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_reunification\" >German unification \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/German-reunification\" >German unification 1990 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de\/en\/history\/main-content-03\/1990-reunification.html\" >Facts about Germany \u2013 History \u2013 Unification<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questia.com\/library\/history\/european-history\/germany\/germany-since-1945\/german-unification-1990\" >German unification (1990): Selected full-text books and articles \u2013 Questia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.coldwar.org\/articles\/90s\/reunification_of_germany.asp\" >UNIFICATION OF GERMANY \u2013 ColdWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armenia\" >Armenia<\/a> declares its independence from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Armenia\" >History of Armenia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hayastan.com\/armenia\/history\/\" >HISTORY OF ARMENIA \u2013 Hayastan.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.welcomearmenia.com\/armenia\/armenian_history\" >Armenian History \u2013 WelcomeArmenia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/armenia-country-asia-history.html\" >Armenia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.advantour.com\/armenia\/history.htm\" >Historical development of Armenia \u2013 AvanTour.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Independence of Armenia in 1990:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/armenia\/18.htm\" >Independence of Armenia \u2013 CoutryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gov.am\/en\/independence\/\" >Armenian Declaration of Independence \u2013 The Government of the Republic of Armenia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armeniapedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Armenian_History\" >Soviet Armenian History \u2013 Armeniapedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hayastan.com\/armenia\/history\/armenia\/index13.php\" >ARMENIA \u2013 INDEPENDENCE (FROM 1990) \u2013 Hayastan.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saddam_Hussein\" >Saddam Hussein<\/a> appears on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraqi<\/a> state television with a number of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_world\" >Western<\/a> &#8220;guests&#8221; (actually hostages) to try to prevent the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_War\" >Gulf War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1990\/8\/23\/saddam-hussein-appears-on-iraqi-state-television-with-western-hostages\" >Aug 23, 1990 &#8211; Saddam Hussein Appears on Iraqi State Television with Western Hostages \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>One thousand six hundred forty-five <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" >Australian<\/a> domestic airline pilots resign after the airlines threaten to fire them and sue them over a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1989_Australian_pilots%27_strike\" >dispute<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vision.net.au\/~apaterson\/aviation\/pd89_document.htm\" >A PILOTS PERSPECTIVE OF THE AUATRALIAN PILOTS DISPUTE OF 1989, by Alex Paterson \u2013 Vision.net.au<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singing_Revolution\" >Singing Revolution<\/a>: Two million people from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvia\" >Latvia<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lithuania\" >Lithuania<\/a> stand on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vilnius\" >Vilnius<\/a>&#8211;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tallinn\" >Tallinn<\/a> road, holding hands (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baltic_Way\" >Baltic Way<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hans_Tiedge\" >Hans Tiedge<\/a>, top <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Counter-spy\" >counter-spy<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Germany\" >West Germany<\/a>, defects to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East Germany<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bachir_Gemayel\" >Bachir Gemayel<\/a> is elected Lebanese President amidst the raging civil war.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/appraisals\/semipalatinsk.asp\" >The Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan \u2013 IAEA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/732\/\" >Semipalatinsk Test Site \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/5988266\/the-tragic-story-of-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\" >The Tragic Story of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, by Vincze Mikl\u00f3s \u2013 io9.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/Sixty_Years_After_First_Soviet_Nuclear_Test_Legacy_Of_Misery_Lives_On\/1809712.html\" >60 Years After First Soviet Nuclear Test, Legacy Of Misery Lives On In Kazakhstan \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 Monday, August 10, 2015 \u2013 RFERL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8236431.stm\" >Soviet nuclear tests leave Kazakh fallout \u2013 Sunday, 6 September 2009 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/story\/2010\/02\/24\/ST2010022403314.html?sid=ST2010022403314\" >In Kazakhstan, the race for uranium goes nuclear, by Philip P. Pan \u2013 Thursday, February 25, 2005 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?17456\" >Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 NuclearNo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/listverse.com\/2012\/05\/15\/top-10-nuclear-test-sites\/\" >Top 10 Nuclear Test Sites, Michael Affleck, May 15, 2012 \u2013 Our World \u2013 ListVerse.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gossamer_Condor\" >Gossamer Condor<\/a> wins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kremer_prize\" >Kremer prize<\/a> for human powered flight.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >The Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norrmalmstorg_robbery\" >bank robbery gone wrong<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stockholm\" >Stockholm<\/a>, Sweden, turns into a hostage crisis; over the next five days the hostages begin to sympathize with their captors, leading to the term &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stockholm_syndrome\" >Stockholm syndrome<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1970 <\/strong>Organized by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexican_American\" >Mexican American<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trade_union\" >labor union<\/a> leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%A9sar_Ch%C3%A1vez\" >C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salad_Bowl_strike\" >Salad Bowl strike<\/a>, the largest farm worker <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strike_action\" >strike<\/a> in U.S. history, begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lunar_Orbiter_1\" >Lunar Orbiter 1<\/a> takes the first photograph of Earth from orbit around the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moon\" >Moon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Civil_War\" >Chinese Civil War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Taiwan_Strait_crisis\" >Second Taiwan Strait crisis<\/a> begins with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Liberation_Army\" >People&#8217;s Liberation Army<\/a>&#8216;s bombardment of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quemoy\" >Quemoy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong>First flight of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules\" >C-130 Hercules<\/a> transport aircraft.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Council_of_Churches\" >World Council of Churches<\/a> is formed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ordinance_No._46\" >Ordinance No. 46<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Control_Commission_for_Germany:_British_Element&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" >British Military Government<\/a> constitutes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >German<\/a> <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/States_of_Germany\" >L\u00e4nder<\/a><\/em> (states) of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_of_Hanover\" >Hanover<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schleswig-Holstein\" >Schleswig-Holstein<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War_%281945%29\" >Soviet\u2013Japanese War<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Stalin\" >Joseph Stalin<\/a> ordered conveying a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Japanese_Army\" >Japanese army<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prisoner_of_war\" >prisoner of war<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>. (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union\" >Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union<\/a>)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/End_of_World_War_II_in_the_Pacific\" >End of World War II in Asia &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2db.com\/battle_spec.php?battle_id=167\" >Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation \u2013 9 Aug \u2013 2 Aug 1945, by C. Peter Chen \u2013 World War II Database<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freckleton_Air_Disaster\" >Freckleton Air Disaster<\/a> \u2013 A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army_Air_Forces\" >United States Army Air Forces<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B-24_Liberator\" >B-24 Liberator<\/a> bomber crashes into a school in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freckleton\" >Freckleton<\/a>, England killing 61 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_of_Romania\" >King Michael of Romania<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_Michael%27s_Coup\" >dismisses<\/a> the pro-<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazism\" >Nazi<\/a> government of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ion_Antonescu\" >Marshal Antonescu<\/a>, who is arrested. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romania<\/a> switches sides from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axis_powers_of_World_War_II\" >Axis<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marseille\" >Marseille<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberation_of_Marseille\" >liberated<\/a> by the Allies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kharkov\" >Kharkov<\/a> is liberated as a result of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Kursk\" >Battle of Kursk<\/a> (aka \u201c<em>Operation Citadel<\/em>\u201d or \u201c<em>Operation Zitadelle<\/em>\u201d).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/olive-drab.com\/od_history_ww2_ops_battles_1943kursk.php\" >Battle of Kursk: 1943 \u2013 Olive-Drab<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/battleofkursk.org\/Battle-of-Kursk-Facts.html\" >Battle of Kursk Facts \u2013 BattleOfKursk.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/war.by-airforce.com\/articles\/Kursk-1943.html\" >The Battle of Kursk \u2013 By-AirForce.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.operationcitadel.com\/\" >Operation Citadel \u2013 OperationCitadel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.2worldwar2.com\/kursk.htm\" >The Battle of Kursk \u2013 The greatest tank battle of World War II \u2013 The last German offensive in the East \u2013 2WorldWar2.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Beginning of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Stalingrad\" >Battle of Stalingrad<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Note that some websites indicate \u201cJuly 17\u201das the date of the commencement of the Battle of Stalingrad while others indicate \u201cJune\u201d or simply \u201cthe summer of 1942\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/battle-of-stalingrad\" >BATTLE OF STANLINGRAD \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/ww2\/Stalingrad.html\" >The Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942 \u2013 February 2, 1943) \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liveleak.com\/view?i=f29_1377217020\" >August 23, 1942 The Battle of Stalingrad Begins \u2013 LiveLeak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/totallyhistory.com\/battle-of-stalingrad\/\" >Battle of Stalingrad \u2013 Date: August 23, 1942 \u2013 February 2, 1943 \u2013 TotallyHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/battles_stalingrad.html\" >The Caucasus Campaign and the Battle for Stalingrad June 1942 \u2013 February 1943 \u2013 HistoryOfWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.militaryhistoryonline.com\/wwii\/stalingrad\/default.aspx\" >Battle of Stalingrad, by Mike Joder \u2013 MilitaryHistoryOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.columbia.edu\/~lnp3\/mydocs\/culture\/Battle_of_Stalingrad.htm\" >The Battle of Stalingrad in Film and History, by Louis Proyect \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> sign a non-aggression treaty, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact\" >Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact<\/a>. In a secret addition to the pact, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baltic_states\" >Baltic states<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finland\" >Finland<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Romania\" >Romania<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Polish_Republic\" >Poland<\/a> are divided between the two nations.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/german-soviet-nonaggression-pact\" >GERMAN-SOVIET NONAGGRESSION PACT \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/worldwarii\/a\/nonaggression.htm\" >The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sputniknews.com\/zinovyev_club\/20150429\/1021531319.html\" >Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact, or Tracking Down Nazi Accomplices \u2013 Zinoviev Club \u2013 Sputnik News<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2history.com\/key_moments\/Eastern\/Nazi_Soviet_non_aggression_pact\" >Nazi\/Soviet Non-aggression pact \u2013 WW2History.com<\/a> [<em>This website indicates the date of \u201c24<sup>th<\/sup> August\u201d 1939<\/em>.]<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/nonagres.asp\" >Text of the <em>Treaty of Nonaggression Between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic<\/em> \u2013 Avalon Project \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-aggression_pact\" >Non-aggression pact &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1929\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1929_Hebron_massacre\" >Hebron Massacre<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1929_Palestine_riots\" >1929 Palestine riots<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_people\" >Arab<\/a> attack on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jewish\" >Jewish<\/a> community in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hebron\" >Hebron<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Mandate_of_Palestine\" >British Mandate of Palestine<\/a>, continuing until the next day, resulted in the death of 65-68 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jew\" >Jews<\/a> and the remaining Jews being forced to leave the city.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong>Italian Anarchists <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sacco_and_Vanzetti\" >Sacco and Vanzetti<\/a> are executed after a lengthy, controversial trial.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Sacco-Vanzetti-case\" >Sacco-Vanzetti Case \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.writing.upenn.edu\/~afilreis\/88\/sacvan.html\" >SACCO-VANZETTI CASE \u2013 UPENN.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalhistory.uh.edu\/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&amp;psid=3387\" >Sacco and Vanzetti \u2013 Digital History \u2013 UH.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.english.illinois.edu\/maps\/poets\/m_r\/millay\/sacco.htm\" >About Sacco-Vanzetti Case, by Nunzio Pernicone \u2013 Illionis.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/richardrepp.com\/research\/Exemplary%20Practices\/Hononegah\/Sacco_Vanzetti\/Sacco_and_Vanzetti.htm\" >The Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti \u2013 RichardRepp.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h1397.html\" >Sacco and Vanzetti Case \u2013 Unite States History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/law2.umkc.edu\/faculty\/projects\/ftrials\/SaccoV\/s&amp;vevidence.html\" >Summary of Evidence in the Sacco &amp; Vanzetti Case \u2013 UMKC.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1923\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Captain_%28United_States_O-3%29\" >Captain<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lowell_Smith\" >Lowell Smith<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lieutenant\" >Lieutenant<\/a> John P. Richter performed the first mid-<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_refueling\" >air refueling<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/De_Havilland_DH-4B\" >De Havilland DH-4B<\/a>, setting an endurance flight record of 37 hours.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1921\u00a0 <\/strong>British <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R38_class_airship\" >airship R-38<\/a> experiences structural failure over <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingston_upon_Hull\" >Hull<\/a> in England and crashes in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humber\" >Humber<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estuary\" >estuary<\/a>. Of her 49 British and American training crew, only four survive.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Mons\" >Battle of Mons<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Army\" >British Army<\/a> begins withdrawal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a> declares war on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >Germany<\/a> and bombs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qingdao\" >Qingdao<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beiyang_Government\" >China<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1896\u00a0 <\/strong>Officially recognized date of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cry_of_Pugad_Lawin\" >Cry of Pugad Lawin<\/a>, the start of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippine_Revolution\" >Philippine Revolution<\/a> is made in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pugad_Lawin\" >Pugad Lawin<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quezon_City\" >Quezon City<\/a>), in the province of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manila\" >Manila<\/a> (actual date and location is disputed).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1866\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austro-Prussian_War\" >Austro-Prussian War<\/a> ends with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Prague_%281866%29\" >Treaty of Prague<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1864\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Union_Navy\" >Union Navy<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Fort_Morgan\" >captures<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fort_Morgan_%28Alabama%29\" >Fort Morgan<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alabama\" >Alabama<\/a>, thus breaking <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confederate_States_of_America\" >Confederate<\/a> dominance of all ports on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_of_Mexico\" >Gulf of Mexico<\/a> except <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galveston,_Texas\" >Galveston, Texas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1839\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >United Kingdom<\/a> captures <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong\" >Hong Kong<\/a> as a base as it prepares for war with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qing_Dynasty\" >Qing China<\/a>. The ensuing 3-year conflict will later be known as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Opium_War\" >First Opium War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1813\u00a0 <\/strong>At the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Grossbeeren\" >Battle of Grossbeeren<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Old_Prussians\" >Prussians<\/a> under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Freiherr_von_B%C3%BClow\" >Von B\u00fclow<\/a> repulse the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >French<\/a> army.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1799\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon\" >Napoleon I of France<\/a> leaves <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a> for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a> en route to seizing power.<\/p>\n<p><strong>______________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.\u00a0 His interest and\/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project\/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental\/ecological issues, audio\/visual documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment<\/em><\/a><em>, he is currently compiling <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/category\/history\/\" >This Week in History<\/a> <em>on <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/\" >TMS<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(<em>Sources and references:<\/em><\/strong><em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_17\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_17<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0to August_23; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/day\/august\/17\" >http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/day\/august\/17<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0to august\/23; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/august_17.html\" >http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/august_17.html<\/a> to august_23.html; and other pertinent websites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<\/em><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and\/or documents.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about \u201cpeace\u201d, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external\/outer peace and internal\/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and\/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address \u201cpeace\u201d through peace journalism.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>August 17-23 &#8211; QUOTE OF THE WEEK: \u201cNever measure the height of a mountain until you have reached the top.  Then you will see how low it was.\u201d \u2013 Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62470"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62470\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}