{"id":63505,"date":"2015-09-14T12:00:49","date_gmt":"2015-09-14T11:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=63505"},"modified":"2015-09-11T11:25:44","modified_gmt":"2015-09-11T10:25:44","slug":"this-week-in-history-41","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/09\/this-week-in-history-41\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62806\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo.jpeg\" alt=\"TWH logo history\" width=\"500\" height=\"276\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Sep 14-20<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>QUOTE OF THE WEEK:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.motivationalquotesabout.com\/quotes\/whatever-you-do-osho.aspx\" >\u201c<em>Whatever you do, do with deep alertness, then even small things become sacred.\u201d<\/em><\/a> &#8211; Osho<\/p>\n<p><strong>SEPTEMBER 14<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Late-2000s_financial_crisis\" >Late-2000s financial crisis<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Rock\" >Northern Rock<\/a> bank experiences the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bank_run\" >bank run<\/a> in the United Kingdom in 150 years.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/topic\/Causes-of-the-late-2000s-financial-crisis\" >Causes of the late 2000s financial crisis \u2013 The Economic Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thehill.com\/social-tags\/late-2000s-financial-crisis\" >Late-2000s financial crisis \u2013 The Hill<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fcic.law.stanford.edu\/report\" >US Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission Report<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stat.unc.edu\/faculty\/cji\/fys\/2012\/Subprime%20mortgage%20crisis.pdf\" >Subprime mortgage crisis \u2013 UNC.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23804080\" >The effect of the late 2000s financial crisis on suicides in Spain:an interrupted time-series analysis. \u2013 NIVgov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/briandomitrovic\/2011\/08\/30\/the-fingerprints-of-2000-01-are-all-over-the-crisis\/\" >The Fingerprints of 2000-01 Are All Over the Crisis \u2013 Forbes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/aboutthefed\/cls-timeline\/timeline\/default.htm\" >The Federal Reserve and the Financial Crisis: Interactive Timeline<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong>In a referendum, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a> approves joining the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union\" >European Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Estonia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Estonia\" >Estonia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/estonia\/\" >Estonia \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/estonia.html\" >Estonia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/estonia\" >Estonia \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/estonia.htm\" >Estonia \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.visitestonia.com\/en\/\" >Visit Estonia \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/about-eu\/countries\/member-countries\/estonia\/index_en.htm\" >Estonia \u2013 European Union \u2013 Europe.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Estonia and the European Union:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonian_European_Union_membership_referendum,_2003\" >Estonian European Union membership referendum, 2003 &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/economy_finance\/euro\/countries\/estonia_en.htm\" >Estonia and the Euro \u2013 European Commission<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theodora.com\/wfbcurrent\/european_union\/index.html\" >European Union \u2013 World Fact Book &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Estonia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Estonia\" >History of Estonia &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.estonica.org\/en\/History\/\" >Estonia \u2013 History \u2013 Encyclopedia about Estonia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/estonia\/history\" >Estonia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li>33<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/estonia-history.html\" >Estonia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Estonia\" >History of Estonia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagopianos.com\/estoniahistory.htm\" >Hi3story of Estonia \u2013 ChicagoPianos.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/estonia\/1.htm\" >History of Estonia \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad01\" >HISTORY OF ESTONIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Estonia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/valitsus.ee\/en\" >Republic of Estonia \u2013 Government<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia\" >Foreign relations of Estonia &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/estonia\/21.htm\" >Foreign Relations \u2013 Estonia \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/europe\/et-forrel.htm\" >Estonia \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/estonia\/ri276\" >Estonia \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.photius.com\/countries\/estonia\/government\/estonia_government_foreign_relations.html\" >Estonia Foreign Relations \u2013 Photius.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/self.gutenberg.org\/articles\/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia\" >FOREIGN RELATIONS OF ESTONIA \u2013 Self.Gutenberg.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/keyword\/estonia-foreign-relations-russia\" >Articles on Foreign Relations with Russia \u2013 The Los Angeles Times<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong>Historic National Prayer Service held at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_National_Cathedral\" >Washington National Cathedral<\/a> for victims of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_11,_2001_attacks\" >September 11 attacks<\/a>. A similar service is held in Canada on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parliament_Hill\" >Parliament Hill<\/a>, the largest vigil ever held in the nation&#8217;s capital.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft\" >Microsoft<\/a> releases <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windows_ME\" >Windows ME<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiribati\" >Kiribati<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nauru\" >Nauru<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tonga\" >Tonga<\/a> join the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Kiribati:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/kiribati.html\" >Kiribati \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=kiribati\">Kiribati \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Kiribati\" >Foreign relations of Kiribati &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Kiribati:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Kiribati\" >History of Kiribati \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/kiribati\/history\" >Kiribati \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kiribatistories.com\/a-brief-history\/\" >A Brief History \u2013 Kiribati \u2013 KiribatiStories.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/kiribati\/history.html\" >History of Kiribati \u2013 MapsOfWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.safaritheglobe.com\/kiribati\/history\/\" >History of Kiribati \u2013 SafariTheGlobe.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nauru:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/nr.html\" >Nauru \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/nauru\" >Nauru \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/nauru.html\" >Nauru \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=nauru\" >Nauru \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/webimage\/countrys\/oceania\/nr.htm\" >Nauru \u2013 WorldAtlas.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Nauru\" >Foreign relations of Nauru &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Nauru:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Nauru\" >History of Nauru \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.janeresture.com\/nauru_history\/index.htm\" >Nauru \u2013 A Short History \u2013 JaneResture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/nauru\/geography-and-history\/\" >Nauru \u2013 Geography and History \u2013 MapsOfWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iexplore.com\/travel-guides\/australia-and-south-pacific\/nauru\/history-and-culture\" >Nauru \u2013 History and Culture \u2013 iExplore.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Tonga:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/tn.html\" >Tonga \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Tonga\" >Tonga \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/tonga.html\" >Tonga \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Tonga\" >Tonga \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Tonga\" >Foreign relations of Tonga &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Tonga:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Tonga\" >History of Tonga \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factrover.com\/history\/Tonga_history.html\" >The History of Tonga \u2013 FactRover.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/tongablog.wordpress.com\/home\/\" >The Kingdom of Tonga \u2013 History \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/To-Z\/Tonga.html\" >Tonga \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bluebananastudios.com\/history-of-tonga\" >Ancient History of Tonga \u2013 BlueBananaStudio.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/timelinesdb.com\/listevents.php?subjid=642&amp;title=Tonga\" >Tonga &#8211; Timelines<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>Telecommunications companies <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MCI_Communications\" >MCI Communications<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WorldCom\" >WorldCom<\/a> complete their $37 billion merger to form <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MCI_WorldCom\" >MCI WorldCom<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>The Constitutional Court of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina\" >Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/a> declares the breakaway <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia\" >Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia<\/a> to be illegal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>President-elect of Lebanon, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bachir_Gemayel\" >Bachir Gemayel<\/a>, is assassinated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Afghanistan\" >Afghan President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nur_Muhammad_Taraki\" >Nur Muhammad Taraki<\/a> is assassinated upon the order of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hafizullah_Amin\" >Hafizullah Amin<\/a>, who becomes the new president.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong>The first American saint, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton\" >Elizabeth Ann Seton<\/a>, is canonized by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_Paul_VI\" >Pope Paul VI<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congo_Crisis\" >Congo Crisis<\/a>: With <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\" >CIA<\/a> help, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mobutu_Sese_Seko\" >Mobutu Sese Seko<\/a> seizes power in a military coup, suspending parliament and the constitution.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OPEC\" >OPEC<\/a>) is founded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong>The Soviet probe <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luna_2\" >Luna 2<\/a><\/em> crashes onto the Moon, becoming the first man-made object to reach it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong>The first two German post-war <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohr_rocket\" >rockets<\/a>, designed by the German engineer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Mohr\" >Ernst Mohr<\/a>, reach the upper atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong>In a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Totskoye_nuclear_exercise\" >top secret nuclear test<\/a>, a Soviet <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-4\" >Tu-4 bomber<\/a> drops a 40 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiloton\" >kiloton<\/a> atomic weapon just north of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Totskoye\" >Totskoye<\/a> village.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sovieteramuseum.com\/?p=1555\" >Red Army. Totskoye range nuclear tests (?)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.neu-samara.de\/index.php?artikel=9&amp;sprache=en\" >Nuclear Test in Totskoye in 1954<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.findlatitudeandlongitude.com\/?loc=Totskoye+range+nuclear+tests%2C+Province+of+Orenburg%2C+Russia&amp;id=45080#.VfBbvJeufX4\" >Totskoye nuclear range tests, Province of Orenburg, Russia (map)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.smashinglists.com\/top-10-secret-nuclear-testing-sites\/\" >Top 10 Secret Nuclear Test Sites in the World<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maastricht\" >Maastricht<\/a> becomes the first Dutch city to be liberated by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >allied forces<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wehrmacht\" >Wehrmacht<\/a> starts a three-day <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viannos_massacres\" >retaliatory<\/a> operation targeting several <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greece\" >Greek<\/a> villages in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viannos\" >Viannos<\/a>, whose death toll would exceeded 500 persons.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ip_massacre\" >Ip massacre<\/a>: The Hungarian Army, supported by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarians_in_Romania\" >local Hungarians<\/a>, kill 158 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romanian<\/a> civilians in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ip,_S%C4%83laj\" >Ip, S\u0103laj<\/a>, a village in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Transylvania\" >Northern Transylvania<\/a>, an act of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethnic_cleansing\" >ethnic cleansing<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The Estonian military boards the Polish submarine <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ORP_Orze%C5%82_%281938%29\" >ORP\u00a0<em>Orze\u0142<\/em><\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tallinn\" >Tallinn<\/a>, sparking a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orze%C5%82_incident\" >diplomatic incident<\/a> that the Soviet Union will later use to justify the annexation of Estonia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1917\u00a0 <\/strong>Russia is officially proclaimed a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic\" >republic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMAS_AE1\" >HMAS AE1<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Australian_Navy\" >Royal Australian Navy<\/a>&#8216;s first submarine, was lost at sea with all hands near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_New_Britain\" >East New Britain<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papua_New_Guinea\" >Papua New Guinea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1901\u00a0 <\/strong>US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_McKinley\" >William McKinley<\/a> dies after an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination_of_William_McKinley\" >assassination<\/a> attempt on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_6\" >September 6<\/a>, and is succeeded by Vice President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theodore_Roosevelt\" >Theodore Roosevelt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1847\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War\" >Mexican\u2013American War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winfield_Scott\" >Winfield Scott<\/a> captures Mexico City.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1846\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jang_Bahadur\" >Jang Bahadur<\/a> and his brothers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kot_massacre\" >massacre<\/a> about 40 members of the Nepalese palace court.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1829\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a> signs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Adrianople_%281829%29\" >Treaty of Adrianople<\/a> with Russia, thus ending the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russo-Turkish_War_%281828%E2%80%9329%29\" >Russo-Turkish War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1812\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleonic_Wars\" >Napoleonic Wars<\/a>: The French <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e\" >Grande Arm\u00e9e<\/a> enters Moscow. The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fire_of_Moscow_%281812%29\" >Fire of Moscow<\/a> begins as soon as Russian troops leave the city.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1808\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finnish_War\" >Finnish War<\/a>: Russians defeat the Swedes in the bloody <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Oravais\" >Battle of Oravais<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1791\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papal_States\" >Papal States<\/a> lose Avignon to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_French_Empire\" >French Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1763\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seneca_people\" >Seneca<\/a> warriors defeat British forces at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Devil%27s_Hole\" >Battle of Devil&#8217;s Hole<\/a> during <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pontiac%27s_War\" >Pontiac&#8217;s War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1752\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Empire\" >British Empire<\/a> adopts the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregorian_calendar\" >Gregorian calendar<\/a>, skipping eleven days (the previous day was September 2).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>SEPTEMBER 15<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bankruptcy_of_Lehman_Brothers\" >Lehman Brothers files for Chapter 1 bankruptcy<\/a>, the largest bankruptcy filing in U.S. history.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/articles\/economics\/09\/lehman-brothers-collapse.asp\" >Case Study: The Collapse of Lehman Brothers \u2013 Investopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/lehman-brothers-bankruptcy\/\" >Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy \u2013 The Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/2013\/09\/lehman-brothers-bankruptcy-and-the-financial-crisis-lessons-learned\" >Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy and the Financial Crisis: Lessons Learned \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.channel4.com\/news\/articles\/business_money\/who+really+pulled+the+trigger+on+lehman\/3319992.html\" >Who really pulled the trigger on Lehman? \u2013 Channel4.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2000_Summer_Olympics\" >The Games of the XXVII Olympiad<\/a> begin in Sydney, Australia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>With the landmark merger of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WorldCom\" >WorldCom<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MCI_Communications\" >MCI Communications<\/a> completed the day prior, the new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MCI_WorldCom\" >MCI WorldCom<\/a> opens its doors for business.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liechtenstein\" >Liechtenstein<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prince\" >Prince<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hans-Adam_II\" >Hans-Adam II<\/a> disbands <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parliament_of_Liechtenstein\" >Parliament<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>France announces it will send 4,000 troops to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persian_Gulf\" >Persian Gulf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Secretary_of_State\" >United States Secretary of State<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Shultz\" >George Shultz<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Foreign_Minister\" >Soviet Foreign Minister<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eduard_Shevardnadze\" >Eduard Shevardnadze<\/a> sign a treaty to establish centers to reduce the risk of nuclear war.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong><u><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a><\/u> at Eastern Kazakh\/<u><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> <\/u>USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israeli<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premier\" >premier<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Menachem_Begin\" >Menachem Begin<\/a> resigns.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vanuatu\" >Vanuatu<\/a> becomes a member of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vanuatu:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/governmentofvanuatu.gov.vu\/\" >Government of Vanuatu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/webimage\/countrys\/oceania\/vu.htm\" >Vanuatu \u2013 WorldAtlas.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Vanuatu.aspx\" >Vanuatu \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Vanuatu:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Vanuatu\" >History of Vanuatu \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/vanuatu\/history\" >Vanuatu \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/To-Z\/Vanuatu.html\" >Vanuatu \u2013 Culture and History \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/vanuatuinformation.com\/information\/history\/\" >Vanuatu \u2013 History \u2013 VanuatuInformation.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thehavannah.com\/location\/history-of-vanuatu.aspx\" >A Quick History of Vanuatu \u2013 TheHavanah.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/erwin.bernhardt.net.nz\/oceania\/vanuatufacts.html\" >Vanuatu history and facts in brief<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Bull_%28locomotive%29\" >John Bull<\/a> becomes the oldest operable <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steam_locomotive\" >steam locomotive<\/a> in the world when the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smithsonian_Institution\" >Smithsonian Institution<\/a> operates it under its own power outside <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington,_D.C.\" >Washington, D.C.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary\" >Senate Judiciary Committee<\/a> unanimously approves <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor\" >Sandra Day O&#8217;Connor<\/a> to become the first female justice of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States\" >Supreme Court of the United States<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Ali\" >Muhammad Ali<\/a> outpointed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leon_Spinks\" >Leon Spinks<\/a> in a rematch to become the first boxer to win the world heavyweight title three times at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercedes-Benz_Superdome\" >Superdome<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Orleans\" >New Orleans<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong>The French <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Departments_of_France\" >department<\/a> of &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corsica\" >Corse<\/a>&#8221; (the entire island of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corsica\" >Corsica<\/a>) is divided into two: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haute-Corse\" >Haute-Corse<\/a> (Upper Corsica) and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corse-du-Sud\" >Corse-du-Sud<\/a> (Southern Corsica)<\/p>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lyndon_B._Johnson\" >Lyndon B. Johnson<\/a>, responding to a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Whitman\" >sniper attack<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Texas_at_Austin\" >University of Texas at Austin<\/a>, writes a letter to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congress\" >Congress<\/a> urging the enactment of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gun_control\" >gun control<\/a> legislation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> ship <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poltava_%28ship%29\" >Poltava<\/a><\/em> heads toward <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" >Cuba<\/a>, one of the events that sets into motion the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuban_Missile_Crisis\" >Cuban Missile Crisis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikita_Khrushchev\" >Nikita Khrushchev<\/a> becomes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> leader to visit the United States.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/khrushchev-arrives-in-washington\" >Sep 15 1959 \u2013 THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Khrushchev arrives in Washington<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bendbulletin.com\/news\/1432175-151\/khrushchev-visits-the-united-states-in-1959\" >Khrushchev visits the United States in 1959 \u2013 The Bulletin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.upi.com\/Archives\/Audio\/Events-of-1959\/Khrushchev-Visits-the-United-States\/\" >Khrushchev visits the United States \u2013 UPI.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2011\/09\/nikita-khrushchev-visits-the-united-states-sept-15-1959-063520\" >Nikita Khrushchev visits the United States, Sep 15, 1959 \u2013 Politico.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a> cedes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eritrea\" >Eritrea<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethiopia\" >Ethiopia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\" >Korean War<\/a>: United States forces <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Inchon\" >land at Inchon<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.koreanwar60.com\/timeline-korean-war-events\" >TIMELINE OF KOREAN WAR EVENTS \u2013 KoreanWar60.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.softschools.com\/timelines\/korean_war_timeline\/36\/\" >Korean War Timeline \u2013 SoftSchools.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sparknotes.com\/history\/american\/koreanwar\/timeline.html\" >KOREAN WAR (1950-1953) \u2013 TIMELINE \u2013 SparkNotes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F-86_Sabre\" >F-86 Sabre<\/a> sets the world aircraft speed record at 671 miles per hour (1,080\u00a0km\/h).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RCA\" >RCA<\/a> releases the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/12AX7\" >12AX7<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vacuum_tube\" >vacuum tube<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>A hurricane in southern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florida\" >Florida<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Bahamas\" >the Bahamas<\/a> destroys 366 planes and 25 blimps at NAS Richmond.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Peleliu\" >Battle of Peleliu<\/a> begins as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >United States Marine Corps<\/a>&#8216; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1st_Marine_Division_%28United_States%29\" >1st Marine Division<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army\" >United States Army<\/a>&#8216;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/81st_Infantry_Division_%28United_States%29\" >81st Infantry Division<\/a> hit White and Orange beaches under heavy fire from Japanese infantry and artillery.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winston_Churchill\" >Winston Churchill<\/a> meet in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quebec\" >Quebec<\/a> as part of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Quebec_Conference\" >Octagon Conference<\/a> to discuss strategy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: US Navy <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aircraft_carrier\" >aircraft carrier<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Wasp_%28CV-7%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Wasp<\/em><\/a> is sunk by a Japanese torpedo at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guadalcanal\" >Guadalcanal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The climax of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Britain\" >Battle of Britain<\/a>, when the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Air_Force\" >Royal Air Force<\/a> shoots down large numbers of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luftwaffe\" >Luftwaffe<\/a> aircraft.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1935\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany<\/a> adopts a new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_Germany\" >national flag<\/a> bearing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swastika\" >swastika<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/swastika\" >Swastika \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10007453\" >HISTORY OF THE SWASTIKA \u2013 Holocaust Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/cs\/swastika\/a\/swastikahistory.htm\" >The History of Swastika \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.swastika-info.com\/en\/meaning.php\" >General meaning of the Swastika \u2013 Swastika-Info.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ancient-origins.net\/myths-legends\/symbol-swastika-and-its-12000-year-old-history-001312\" >The symbol of the Swastika and its 12,000-year-old history \u2013 Ancient-Origins.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1935\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuremberg_Laws\" >Nuremberg Laws<\/a> deprive <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany\" >German Jews<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Citizenship\" >citizenship<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nuremberg-race-laws-imposed\" >Sep 15 1935 THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Nuremberg race laws imposed \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/nurlaws.html\" >The Nuremberg Laws: Background &amp; Overview \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/worldwar2\/timeline\/nurem-laws.htm\" >The Nuremberg Race Laws \u2013 The History Place \u2013 HistoryPlace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/outreach\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10007695\" >THE NUREMBERG RACE LAWS \u2013 The Holocaust: A Learning Sites for Students<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/1930s\/a\/Nuremberg-Laws.htm\" >The Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tank\" >Tanks<\/a> are used for the first time in battle, at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_Somme\" >Battle of the Somme<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tanks_in_World_War_I\" >Tanks in World War I \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/world-war-one\/the-western-front-in-world-war-one\/tanks-and-world-war-one\/\" >Tanks and World War One \u2013 The History Learning Site \u2013 HistoryLearningSite.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww1facts.net\/the-land-war\/ww1-tanks\/\" >WW1 Tanks \u2013 WW1 Facts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eyewitnesstohistory.com\/tank.htm\" >The Battle Field Debut of the Tank, 1916<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tanks.net\/tank-history\/world-war-one-german-tanks-first-tank-battle.html\" >World War One German Tanks and the First Ever Tank Battle \u2013 Tank.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1894\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Sino-Japanese_War\" >First Sino-Japanese War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_of_Japan\" >Japan<\/a> defeats <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qing_dynasty\" >Qing dynasty<\/a> China in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Pyongyang_%281894%29\" >Battle of Pyongyang<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1873\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franco-Prussian_War\" >Franco-Prussian War<\/a>: The last German troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1835\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Beagle\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Beagle<\/em><\/a>, with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Darwin\" >Charles Darwin<\/a> aboard, reaches the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands\" >Gal\u00e1pagos Islands<\/a>. The ship lands at Chatham or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_Island\" >San Cristobal<\/a>, the easternmost of the archipelago.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1821\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guatemala\" >Guatemala<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Salvador\" >El Salvador<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honduras\" >Honduras<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicaragua\" >Nicaragua<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Costa_Rica\" >Costa Rica<\/a> jointly declare independence from Spain.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1820\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Portugal#Crises_of_the_nineteenth_century\" >Constitutionalist revolution<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lisbon\" >Lisbon<\/a>, Portugal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1816\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Whiting_%281812%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Whiting<\/em><\/a> runs aground on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doom_Bar\" >Doom Bar<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1812\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_1812\" >War of 1812<\/a>: A second supply train sent to relieve <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Fort_Harrison\" >Fort Harrison<\/a> is ambushed in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Fort_Harrison#Attacks_at_the_Narrows\" >Attack at the Narrows<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1812\u00a0 <\/strong>The French army under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon\" >Napoleon<\/a> reaches the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moscow_Kremlin\" >Kremlin<\/a> in Moscow.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1789\u00a0 <\/strong>The United States &#8220;Department of Foreign Affairs&#8221;, established by law in July, is renamed the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_State\" >Department of State<\/a> and given a variety of domestic duties.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1762\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seven_Years%27_War\" >Seven Years&#8217; War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Signal_Hill\" >Battle of Signal Hill<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1616\u00a0 <\/strong>The first non-aristocratic, free public school in Europe is opened in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frascati\" >Frascati<\/a>, Italy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>SEPTEMBER 16<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant\" >Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant<\/a> launches its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Kobane\" >Kobane offensive<\/a> against Syrian\u2013Kurdish forces.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syrian_Kurdish%E2%80%93Islamist_conflict_%282013%E2%80%93present%29\" >Syrian Kurdish\u2013Islamist conflict \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE\" >\u201c<em>The <strong>Siege of Koban\u00ee<\/strong> was launched by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (also known as ISIL, ISIS, or Daesh) militants on 13 September 2014, in order to capture the Koban\u00ee Canton and its main city of Koban\u00ee (also known as Koban\u00ea or Ayn al-Arab) in northern Syria, in the de facto autonomous region of Rojava<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Siege of Koban\u00ee &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ekurd.net\/mismas\/articles\/misc2014\/9\/syriakurd1338.htm\" >\u201c<em>Burkan El-F\u0131rat strikes another blow against IS in Koban\u00ea<\/em>\u201d \u2013 \u201c<em>Arab youths join Syria Kurdish \u2013opposition group<\/em>\u201d \u2013 \u201c<em>Three more villages liberated in Tal Ham\u00ees<\/em>\u201d \u2013 September 16, 2014 &#8211; Syrian Kurdistan News in brief<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercenary\" >Mercenaries<\/a> working for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blackwater_Worldwide\" >Blackwater Worldwide<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blackwater_Baghdad_shootings\" >shoot and kill<\/a> 17 Iraqis in Nisour Square, Baghdad; all criminal charges against them are later dismissed, however they are later tried and convicted of the crime.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camorra\" >Camorra<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organized_crime\" >organized crime boss<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paolo_Di_Lauro\" >Paolo Di Lauro<\/a> is arrested in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naples\" >Naples, Italy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>The British government lifts the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1988%E2%80%9394_British_broadcasting_voice_restrictions\" >broadcasting ban<\/a> imposed against members of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinn_F%C3%A9in\" >Sinn F\u00e9in<\/a> and Irish paramilitary groups in 1988.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Wednesday\" >Black Wednesday<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pound_sterling\" >pound<\/a> is forced out of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanism\" >European Exchange Rate Mechanism<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Speculation\" >currency speculators<\/a> and is forced to devalue against the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_mark\" >German mark<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>The trial of the deposed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama\" >Panamanian<\/a> dictator <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manuel_Noriega\" >Manuel Noriega<\/a> ends in the United States with a 40-year sentence for drug trafficking and money laundering.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>The railroad between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\" >People&#8217;s Republic of China<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazakhstan\" >Kazakhstan<\/a> is completed at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dostyk\" >Dostyk<\/a>, adding a sizable link to the concept of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurasian_Land_Bridge\" >Eurasian Land Bridge<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montreal_Protocol\" >Montreal Protocol<\/a> is signed to protect the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ozone_layer\" >ozone layer<\/a> from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ozone_depletion\" >depletion<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1982_Lebanon_war\" >1982 Lebanon war<\/a>: the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sabra_and_Shatila_massacre\" >Sabra and Shatila massacre<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanon\" >Lebanon<\/a> takes place.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines\" >Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<\/a> join the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1979_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >Donesk, Ukraine, USSR<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shavarsh_Karapetyan\" >Shavarsh Karapetyan<\/a> saves 20 people from the trolleybus that had fallen into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yerevan\" >Yerevan<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reservoir\" >reservoir<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong>The first prototype of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikoyan_MiG-31\" >Mikoyan MiG-31<\/a> interceptor makes its maiden flight.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Verde_Islands\" >Cape Verde Islands<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozambique\" >Mozambique<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe\" >S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe<\/a> join the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papua_New_Guinea\" >Papua New Guinea<\/a> gains independence from Australia.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Papua New Guinea:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/pp.html\" >Papua New Guinea \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Papua-New-Guinea\" >Papua New Guinea \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/papua-new-guinea.html\" >Papua New Guinea \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ethnologue.com\/country\/PG\" >Papua New Guinea \u2013 Ethnologue.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia%E2%80%93Papua_New_Guinea_relations\" >Australia-Papua New Guinea relations &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pg.undp.org\/content\/papua_new_guinea\/en\/home.html\" >Papua New Guinea &#8211; UNDP<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Papua New Guinea:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Papua_New_Guinea\" >History of Papua New Guinea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/papua-new-guinea-history.html\" >Papua New Guinea \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/papua-new-guinea\/history\" >Papua New Guinea \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.papuanewguinea.net\/History.html\" >Papua New Guinea \u2013 A Brief History \u2013 PapuaNewGuinea.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thecommonwealth.org\/our-member-countries\/papua-new-guinea\/history\" >Papua New Guinea \u2013 History \u2013 TheCommonWealth.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographia.com\/papua-newguinea\/papuahistory.htm\" >Papua New Guinea \u2013 History and People \u2013 Geographia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.janesoceania.com\/png_earlyhistory\/index.htm\" >PAPUA NEW GUINEA \u2013 EARLY HISTORY \u2013 JanesOceanea.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/00223344.2015.1060925?journalCode=cjph20#.VfFN9peufX4\" >The Rimbunan Hijau Group in the Forests of Papua New Guinea, by Jennifer Gabriel &amp; Michael Wood \u2013 Volume 50, Issue 3, 2015 \u2013 <em>The Journal of Pacific History<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_Hussein\" >King Hussein<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jordan\" >Jordan<\/a> declares military rule following the hijacking of four civilian airliners by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine\" >Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine<\/a> (PFLP). This results in the formation of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_September_Organization\" >Black September<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_people\" >Palestinian<\/a> paramilitary unit.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Jordan in September 1970:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_September_in_Jordan\" >Black September in Jordan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/middleeast.about.com\/od\/jordan\/a\/jordan-black-september.htm\" >\u201cBlack September\u201d: The Jordanian-PLO Civil War of 1970 \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kinghussein.gov.jo\/his_periods5.html\" >The Conflict of 1970 \u2013 HISTORY \u2013 JORDAN \u2013 KingHussein.gov.jo<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Jordan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/jordan\/\" >Jordan \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/jo.html\" >Jordan \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/middleeast.about.com\/od\/jordan\/p\/me071114.htm\" >Jordan: Country Profile \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Jordan\" >Foreign relations of Jordan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kinghussein.gov.jo\/f_affairs.html\" >Jordan \u2013 Foreign Affairs \u2013 King Hussein<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/jordan\/1993-12-01\/jordan-doomed\" >Is Jordan Doomed? By Lawrence Tal, &#8211; December 1993 Issue &#8211; Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Jordan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Jordan\" >History of Jordan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Jordan\" >History of Jordan \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/jordan-country-asia-history.html\" >Jordan \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/jordan\/history\" >Jordan \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/philologos.org\/bpr\/files\/misc_studies\/ms043b.htm\" >Background History of Jordan \u2013 Philologos.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-14636713\" >Jordan profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia\" >Malaysia<\/a> is formed from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federation_of_Malaya\" >Federation of Malaya<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore\" >Singapore<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Borneo\" >North Borneo<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sabah\" >Sabah<\/a>) and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak\" >Sarawak<\/a>. However, Singapore soon leaves this new country.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Malaysia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Malaysia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/malaysia.htm\" >Malaysia \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 The World Bank<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 Data \u2013 The World Bank<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/topics\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographia.com\/malaysia\/\" >Malaysia \u2013 Geographia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tourism.gov.my\/en\/intl\" >Malaysia \u2013 Official Website of Tourism<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Malaysia\" >Foreign relations of Malaysia &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Malaysia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>History of Malaysia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.malaysiahistory.net\/\" >Malaysia History \u2013 MalaysiaHistory.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Malaysia\" >History of Malaysia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/malaysia-history.html\" >Malaysia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/malaysia\/history\" >Malaysia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/malaysia\/p\/malaysiaprof.htm\" >Malaysia | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.2malaysia.com\/history.htm\" >MALAYSIA HISTORY \u2013 2Malaysia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><em>For more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1962<\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong>The first successful <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Photocopier\" >photocopier<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xerox_914\" >Xerox 914<\/a>, is introduced in a demonstration on live television from New York City.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Navy\" >Soviet Navy<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zulu-class_submarine\" >Zulu-class submarine<\/a> becomes the first submarine to launch a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ballistic_missile\" >ballistic missile<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong>The military coup to unseat President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_Per%C3%B3n\" >Juan Per\u00f3n<\/a> of Argentina is launched at midnight.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The surrender of the Japanese troops in Hong Kong is accepted by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Navy\" >Royal Navy<\/a> Admiral Sir <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cecil_Harcourt\" >Cecil Harcourt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allied_invasion_of_Italy\" >Allied invasion of Italy<\/a> concludes when <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinrich_von_Vietinghoff\" >Heinrich von Vietinghoff<\/a>, commander of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/10th_Army_%28Wehrmacht%29\" >German Tenth Army<\/a>, orders his troops to withdraw from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salerno\" >Salerno<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Concerned that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rez%C4%81_Sh%C4%81h\" >Reza Shah Pahlavi<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shah_of_Iran\" >Shah of Iran<\/a>, was about to ally his petroleum-rich empire with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany<\/a>, the United Kingdom and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran\" >invade Iran<\/a> in late August and force the Shah to abdicate in favor of his son, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi\" >Mohammad Reza Pahlavi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Italy\" >Italian<\/a> troops <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_invasion_of_Egypt\" >conquer Sidi Barrani<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wall_Street_bombing\" >Wall Street bombing<\/a>: A bomb in a horse wagon explodes in front of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/23_Wall_Street\" >J. P. Morgan building<\/a> in New York City killing 38 and injuring 400.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1919\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Legion\" >American Legion<\/a> is incorporated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1908\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Motors_Corporation\" >General Motors Corporation<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1880\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Cornell_Daily_Sun\" >The Cornell Daily Sun<\/a><\/em> prints its first issue in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ithaca,_New_York\" >Ithaca, New York<\/a>. The <em>Sun<\/em> is the nation&#8217;s oldest, continuously-independent college daily.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1863\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_College\" >Robert College<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Istanbul\" >Istanbul<\/a>&#8211;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a>, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_Robert\" >Christopher Robert<\/a>, an American philanthropist.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1812\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fire_of_Moscow_%281812%29\" >Fire of Moscow<\/a> begins shortly after midnight and destroys three quarters of the city days later.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1810\u00a0 <\/strong>With the <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grito_de_Dolores\" >Grito de Dolores<\/a>,<\/em> Father <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miguel_Hidalgo\" >Miguel Hidalgo<\/a> begins <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexican_War_of_Independence\" >Mexico&#8217;s fight for independence from Spain<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1795\u00a0 <\/strong>The first occupation by United Kingdom of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Colony\" >Cape Colony<\/a>, South Africa with the Battle of Hout Bay, after successive victories at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Muizenberg\" >Battle of Muizenberg<\/a> and Wynberg, after <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_V,_Prince_of_Orange\" >William V<\/a> requested protection against revolutionary France&#8217;s occupation of the Netherlands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>SEPTEMBER 17<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Occupy_Wall_Street\" >Occupy Wall Street<\/a> movement begins in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zuccotti_Park\" >Zuccotti Park<\/a>, New York City.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/organizations\/o\/occupy_wall_street\/index.html\" >Occupy Movement (Occupy Wall Street) \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nycga.net\/wp-signup.php?new=nycga.cc\" >OCCUPY WALL STREET \u2013 NYC GENERAL ASSEMBLY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/occupywallst.org\">Occupy Wall Street | NYC Protest for World Revolution<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/occupywallstreet.net\">Occupy Wall Street<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.occupytogether.org\/\" >Occupy Together | Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.adbusters.org\/campaigns\/occupywallstreet\" >OCCUPY WALL STREET \u2013 Adbusters.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>An audio tape of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferenc_Gyurcs%C3%A1ny%27s_speech_in_Balaton%C5%91sz%C3%B6d_in_May_2006\" >a private speech<\/a> by Hungarian Prime Minister <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferenc_Gyurcs%C3%A1ny\" >Ferenc Gyurcs\u00e1ny<\/a> is leaked to the public, in which he confessed that his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Socialist_Party\" >Hungarian Socialist Party<\/a> had lied to win the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_parliamentary_election,_2006\" >2006 election<\/a>, sparking <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_protests_in_Hungary\" >widespread protests<\/a> across the country.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fourpeaked_Mountain\" >Fourpeaked Mountain<\/a> in Alaska erupts, marking the first eruption for the long-dormant volcano in at least 10,000 years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Stock_Exchange\" >New York Stock Exchange<\/a> reopens for trading after the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_11_attacks\" >September 11 attacks<\/a>, the longest closure since the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Depression\" >Great Depression<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iranian_Kurdistan\" >Iranian Kurdish<\/a> leader and his two joiners are <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mykonos_restaurant_assassinations\" >assassinated by political militants<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin\" >Berlin, Germany<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>The first version of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linux\" >Linux<\/a> kernel (0.01) is released to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet\" >Internet<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea\" >North Korea<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea\" >South Korea<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvia\" >Latvia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lithuania\" >Lithuania<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marshall_Islands\" >Marshall Islands<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federated_States_of_Micronesia\" >Micronesia<\/a> join the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1984_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >Kemorovo, Russia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vanessa_L._Williams\" >Vanessa Williams<\/a> becomes the first black <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miss_America\" >Miss America<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vanessa Williams:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/amex\/missamerica\/peopleevents\/e_inclusion.html\" >\u201c<em>In 1984 Vanessa Williams became the first black Miss America, beginning the year as one of the best Miss Americas ever, in the eyes of many pageant insiders, but ending her reign mid-year amidst scandal<\/em>.\u201d &#8211; People &amp; Events: Breaking the Color Line at the Pageant<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arogundade.com\/vanessa-williams-the-first-black-miss-america-1984.html\" >\u201c<em>AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE BANNED from competing in the white-run beauty pageants of the early twentieth century\u2026But this all changed on September 17, 1983 when Vanessa Lynn Williams, a 20 year-old college student from Millwood, NY, who had recently won the Miss New York crown, made history in becoming the first black Miss America (1984) after securing both the swimsuit and the talent sections of the completion<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Moments in African American in History: Vanessa Williams Is Crowned The First Black Miss America (1984) \u2013 ARODUNDATE.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Beauty Contest and Racism:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/10\/18\/world\/lesson-in-politics-for-miss-croatia.html\" >Lesson in Politics For Miss Croatia \u2013 October 18, 1998 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/201369.stm\" >World: Europe Muslim denied Croatian beauty title \u2013 Monday, October 26, 1998 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.chicagotribune.com\/1998-10-27\/news\/9810270050_1_muslim-pageant-title-voting\" >\u201c<em>ZAGREB, CROATIA \u2014 Two weeks after a Muslim was proclaimed Miss Croatia, the jury reversed itself and crowned as a new winner the runner-up, a member of the country&#8217;s Roman Catholic majority<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Muslim Stripped Out of Pageant Title \u2013 October 27, 1998 \u2013 ChicagoTribune.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ebaumsworld.com\/video\/watch\/80826340\/\" >White Woman Crowned Queen of All Black College \u2013 \u201c<em>Description: A woman wins a college beauty contest and faces racism from other students because she is white. She writes Obama, asking him to speak on diversity at the school, and that provokes more racism<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 11\/28\/2009 \u2013 eBaumsWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/ryanhatesthis\/a-lot-of-people-are-very-upset-that-an-indian-american-woman#.agw0gp0Pb\" >A Lot Of People Are Very Upset That An Indian-American Woman Won The Miss America Pageant \u201cAnd the Arab wins Miss America, classic.\u201d By Ryan Broderick \u2013 posted on September 16, 2013 \u2013 BuzzFeed.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/09\/16\/showbiz\/miss-america-racist-reactions\/index.html\" >Miss America crowns 1<sup>st<\/sup> winner of Indian decent \u2013 September 17, 2013 &#8211; CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/lifestyle\/style\/miss-america-fights-post-pageant-racism-with-a-beauty-queens-poise\/2013\/09\/22\/a90590ac-22f8-11e3-966c-9c4293c47ebe_story.html\" >Miss America Nina Davuluri fights post-pageant racism with a beauty queen\u2019s poise, by Maura Judikis \u2013 September 22, 2013 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/missosology.info\/forum\/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=217348\" >\u201c<em>What can be done to stop racism specially against Black in miss universe, miss world, miss earth and miss international<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Racism in international pageants \u2013 Mon Nov 18, 2013<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20120426-miss-black-france-beauty-contest-raises-eyebrows-questions\" >\u201c<em>A French beauty pageant exclusively for black women will take place for the first time in Paris on Saturday. The event has been endorsed by black associations and the organizer of the traditional Miss France contest, but other are crying foul<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 \u2018Miss Black France\u2019 pageant raises eyebrows \u2013 Updated 2014-04-28 \u2013 France24.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/panteres.com\/2015\/04\/02\/miss-japan-ariana-miyamoto-fight-against-racism\/\" >Miss Japan: Ariana Miyamoto fights against racism \u2013 April 2, 2015 \u2013 Panteres.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gmanetwork.com\/news\/story\/486002\/lifestyle\/mixed-race-miss-japan-fights-for-race-revolution\" >Mixed-race Miss Japan fights for race revolution, by Alastair Himmer \u2013 May 12, 2015 \u2013 GMANetwork.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>American Anthropological Association\u2019s Statement on \u201cRace\u201d and Relevant Issues:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aaanet.org\/stmts\/racepp.htm\" >American Anthropological Association\u2019s Statement on \u201cRace\u201d (May 17, 1998)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.antropologi.info\/blog\/anthropology\/2010\/an-african-ethnography-of-american-anthropology\" >\u201c<em>Why does anthropology tend to focus on \u201cexotic others&#8221;? Why this obsession with Africa? How come calls by well-known anthropologists such as Paul Rabinow to \u201canthropologize the West seemed to have not brought forth much fruit? How racist is American anthropology?<\/em>\u201d \u2013 How racist American anthropology? \u2013 26\/12\/10 \u2013 Antropologi.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.understandingrace.org\/resources\/pdf\/annotated_bibliography.pdf\" >RACE Project BIBLIOGRAPHY \u2013 February 2007<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/american-anthropological-association\/on-ending-racial-profilin_b_1429625.html\" >On Ending Racial Profiling in America, by Jason Silverstein \u2013 posted 4\/12\/2012; updated 6\/17\/12 &#8211; HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong>Former <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicaraguan\" >Nicaraguan<\/a> President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle\" >Anastasio Somoza Debayle<\/a> is killed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asunci%C3%B3n\" >Asunci\u00f3n<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraguay\" >Paraguay<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong>After weeks of strikes at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lenin_Shipyard\" >Lenin Shipyard<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gda%C5%84sk\" >Gda\u0144sk<\/a>, Poland, the nationwide independent trade union <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solidarity_%28Polish_trade_union%29\" >Solidarity<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camp_David_Accords_%281978%29\" >Camp David Accords<\/a> are signed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle\" >Space Shuttle<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise\" >Enterprise<\/a>, is unveiled by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\" >NASA<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangladesh\" >Bangladesh<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grenada\" >Grenada<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guinea-Bissau\" >Guinea-Bissau<\/a> join the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Chawinda\" >Battle of Chawinda<\/a> is fought between Pakistan and India.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>The world&#8217;s first retractable-dome stadium, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civic_Arena_%28Pittsburgh%29\" >Civic Arena<\/a>, opens in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pittsburgh\" >Pittsburgh<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pennsylvania\" >Pennsylvania<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia\" >Malaysia<\/a> joins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Malaysia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/malaysia.htm\" >Malaysia \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 The World Bank<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 Data \u2013 The World Bank<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/topics\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographia.com\/malaysia\/\" >Malaysia \u2013 Geographia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tourism.gov.my\/en\/intl\" >Malaysia \u2013 Official Website of Tourism<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Malaysia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.malaysiahistory.net\/\" >Malaysia History \u2013 MalaysiaHistory.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Malaysia\" >History of Malaysia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/malaysia-history.html\" >Malaysia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/malaysia\/history\" >Malaysia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/malaysia\/p\/malaysiaprof.htm\" >Malaysia | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.2malaysia.com\/history.htm\" >MALAYSIA HISTORY \u2013 2Malaysia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nizam_of_Hyderabad\" >Nizam of Hyderabad<\/a> surrenders his sovereignty over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyderabad_State\" >Hyderabad State<\/a> and joins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Union\" >Indian Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lehi_%28group%29\" >Lehi<\/a> (also known as the Stern gang) assassinates Count <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Folke_Bernadotte\" >Folke Bernadotte<\/a>, who was appointed by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a> to mediate between the Arab nations and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Soviet troops launch the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tallinn_Offensive\" >Tallinn Offensive<\/a> against Germany and pro independence Estonian units.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allied<\/a> Airborne troops parachute into the Netherlands as the &#8220;Market&#8221; half of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Market_Garden\" >Operation Market Garden<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The Russian city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bryansk\" >Bryansk<\/a> is liberated from Germans.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Soviet forces enter <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teheran\" >Teheran<\/a> marking the end of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran\" >Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: A decree of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> State Committee of Defense, restoring <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vsevobuch\" >Vsevobuch<\/a> in the face of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Patriotic_War\" >Great Patriotic War<\/a>, is issued.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Following the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >German<\/a> defeat in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Britain\" >Battle of Britain<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler\" >Hitler<\/a> postpones <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Sea_Lion\" >Operation Sea Lion<\/a> indefinitely.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: A German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U-boat\" >U-boat<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_submarine_U-29_%281936%29\" ><em>U 29<\/em><\/a> sinks the British aircraft carrier <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Courageous_%2850%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Courageous<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> joins <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany<\/a>&#8216;s invasion of Poland during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invasion_of_Poland_%281939%29\" >Polish Defensive War<\/a> of 1939.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1932\u00a0 <\/strong>A speech by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laureano_G%C3%B3mez\" >Laureano G\u00f3mez<\/a> leads to the escalation of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leticia_Incident\" >Leticia Incident<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1930\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ararat_rebellion\" >Ararat rebellion<\/a> is suppressed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1924\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Church_of_Central_Africa,_Presbyterian\" >Church of Central Africa, Presbyterian<\/a> is formed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1924\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Border_Defence_Corps\" >Border Defence Corps<\/a> is established in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Polish_Republic\" >Second Polish Republic<\/a> for the defence of the eastern border against armed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> raids and local bandits.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manfred_von_Richthofen\" >Manfred von Richthofen<\/a> (&#8220;The Red Baron&#8221;), a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flying_ace\" >flying ace<\/a> of the German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luftwaffe\" >Luftstreitkr\u00e4fte<\/a>, wins his first aerial combat near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambrai\" >Cambrai<\/a>, France.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>:The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Race_to_the_Sea\" >Race to the Sea<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1908\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wright_Model_A\" >Wright Flyer<\/a> flown by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orville_Wright\" >Orville Wright<\/a>, with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lieutenant\" >Lieutenant<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Selfridge\" >Thomas Selfridge<\/a> as passenger, crashes, killing Selfridge. He becomes the first airplane fatality.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1901\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Elands_River_%281901%29\" >Battle of Elands River<\/a> is fought.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1901\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Blood_River_Poort\" >Battle of Blood River Poort<\/a> is fought.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1900\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War\" >Philippine\u2013American War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filipino_people\" >Filipinos<\/a> under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_Cailles\" >Juan Cailles<\/a> defeat <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >Americans<\/a> under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colonel_%28United_States%29\" >Colonel<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benjamin_F._Cheatham\" >Benjamin F. Cheatham<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mabitac\" >Mabitac<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1894\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Yalu_River_%281894%29\" >Battle of Yalu River<\/a>, the largest naval engagement of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Sino-Japanese_War\" >First Sino-Japanese War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1861\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Pav%C3%B3n\" >Battle of Pav\u00f3n<\/a> is fought.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1849\u00a0 <\/strong>American <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States\" >abolitionist<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harriet_Tubman\" >Harriet Tubman<\/a> escapes from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slavery\" >slavery<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1814\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Scott_Key\" >Francis Scott Key<\/a> finishes his poem &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Defence_of_Fort_McHenry\" >Defence of Fort McHenry<\/a>&#8220;, later to be the lyrics of &#8220;The Star-Spangled Banner&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1813\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Battle_of_Kulm\" >Second Battle of Kulm<\/a> is fought.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1809\u00a0 <\/strong>Peace between Sweden and Russia in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finnish_War\" >Finnish War<\/a>. The territory to become Finland is ceded to Russia by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Fredrikshamn\" >Treaty of Fredrikshamn<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1794\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Peyrestortes\" >Battle of Peyrestortes<\/a> is fought.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1798\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Peyrestortes\" >Battle of Peyrestortes<\/a> is fought.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1787\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Constitution\" >United States Constitution<\/a> is signed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philadelphia\" >Philadelphia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1778\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Fort_Pitt_%281778%29\" >Treaty of Fort Pitt<\/a> is signed. It is the first formal treaty between the United States and a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States\" >Native American<\/a> tribe (the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lenape\" >Lenape<\/a> or Delaware Indians).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>SEPTERMBER 18<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scotland\" >Scotland<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scottish_independence_referendum,_2014\" >votes against<\/a> independence from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >United Kingdom<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Scotland:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Scotland\" >Scotland \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/scotland.html\" >Scotland \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/webimage\/countrys\/europe\/uks.htm\" >Scotland \u2013 WorldAtlas.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.visitscotland.com\/about\/\" >About Scotland \u2013 VisitScoltand.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History, Culture, and Tradition of Scotland:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Scotland\" >History of Scotland \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/scotland-history.html\" >Scotland \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage-of-scotland.com\/hist.htm\" >The History of Scotland \u2013 Heritage-of-Scotland.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scotland.com\/culture\/history\/\" >History of Scotland \u2013 Scotland.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/scotland\/history\/\" >SCOTLAND\u2019S HISTORY &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.visitscotland.com\/about\/history\/\" >Scottish history \u2013 VisitScotland.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.educationscotland.gov.uk\/scotlandshistory\/index.asp\" >Scotland\u2019s History \u2013 Education Scotland<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Scotland\" >Kingdom of Scotland \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scotland.org\/about-scotland\/scottish-culture-and-traditions\/\" >Scottish culture and traditions \u2013 Scotland.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/Sa-Th\/Scotland.html\" >Scotland \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Independence Movement of Scotland:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scottish_independence\" >Scottish independence \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/uknews\/scotland\/scottish-politics\/9007120\/Scottish-independence-a-history-of-Anglo-Scottish-rivalry.html\" >Scottish independence: a history of Anglo-Scottish rivalry \u2013 11 Jan 2012 \u2013 Telegraph.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/politics\/scottish-independence-essential-guide\" >Scottish independence: the essential guide \u2013 Tuesday, 23 April 2013 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldaffairsjournal.org\/article\/scotland%E2%80%99s-independence-bid-history-prospects-challenges\" >Scotland\u2019s Independence Bid: History, Prospects, Challenges, by Rolland Flamini \u2013 May\/June 2013 \u2013 WorldAffairsJournal.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/uk.reuters.com\/article\/2014\/02\/04\/uk-scotland-independence-history-idUKBREA131C120140204\" >Timeline \u2013 History of Scotland\u2019s bid for independence \u2013 Tue Feb 4, 2014 \u2013 Reuters.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2014\/02\/04\/us-scotland-independence-history-idUSBREA131BT20140204\" >History of Scotland\u2019s bids for independence \u2013 Tue Feb 4, 2014 \u2013 Reuters.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.freemovement.org.uk\/free-movement-and-scottish-independence\/\" >Free Movement and Scottish Independence \u2013 25 AUGUST 2014 \u2013 FreeMovement.org.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/09\/10\/upshot\/why-does-scotland-want-independence-its-culture-vs-economics.html?_r=0\" >Why Does Scotland Want Independence? It\u2019s Culture vs. Economics, by Neil Irwin \u2013 SEPT.9, 2014 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-26550736\" >Scottish independence: What\u2019s going on in Scotland? By Andrew Black \u2013 9 September 2014 &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.complex.com\/pop-culture\/2014\/09\/scottish-independence\" >What the Hell Is Happening With Scottish Independence? By Ewen Hosie \u2013 SEP 10, 2014 \u2013 Complex.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/9\/9\/6119079\/what-you-need-to-know-about-scottish-independence-scotland-referendum\" >8 questions about Scottish independence you were too embarrassed to ask; updated by Amanda Taub on September 9, 2014 \u2013 Vox.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-29151322\" >Scottish independence: Salmond says Scotland is \u2018on cusp of making history\u2019 \u2013 12 September 2014 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/special-features\/2014\/09\/140912-scotland-united-kingdom-independence-referendum-culture\/\" >Why Scotland Might Break Away From the United Kingdom, by Simon Worrall \u2013 September 12, 2014 \u2013 NationalGeographic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cygnus_Orb-D1\" >Cygnus Orb-D1<\/a> is launched into space.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2011_Sikkim_earthquake\" >2011 Sikkim earthquake<\/a> was felt across northeastern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and southern Tibet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>The 72-year run of the soap opera <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Guiding_Light\" >The Guiding Light<\/a><\/em> ends as its final episode is broadcast.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bhikkhu\" >Buddhist monks<\/a> join anti-government protesters in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Myanmar\" >Myanmar<\/a>, starting what some call the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2007_Burmese_anti-government_protests\" >Saffron Revolution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pervez_Musharraf\" >Pervez Musharraf<\/a> announces that he will step down as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Army\" >army<\/a> chief and restore civilian rule to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a>, but only after he is re-elected president.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong>First <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2001_anthrax_attacks\" >mailing of anthrax letters<\/a> from Trenton, New Jersey in the 2001 anthrax attacks.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/anthraxattackof2001.weebly.com\/\" >The Anthrax Attack of 2001 \u2013 AnthraxAttackOf2001.Weebly.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/terrorism\/anthrax.html\" >Review of Fall 2001 Anthrax Bioattacks \u2013 complied by Wm. Robert Johnston \u2013 JohnstonsArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ph.ucla.edu\/epi\/bioter\/detect\/antdetect_intro.html\" >AMERICAN ANTHRAX OUTBREAK OF 2001 \u2013 UCLA School of Public<\/a>; <strong><em>and the same website,<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ph.ucla.edu\/epi\/bioter\/detect\/antdetect_letters_a.htm\" >EXPOSURE LETTERS &#8211; FOUR LETTERS FOUND<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/weapons-of-mass-destruction\/anthrax-letters\/p9555\" >The Anthrax Letters \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/13229-anthrax-attacks-2001-genetics-110314.html\" >Anthrax in 2001 Letters Was Traced to Maryland by Generic Mutations, by Jennifer Welsh | March 14, 2011 \u2013 Live Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2010\/02\/19\/AR2010021902369.html\" >FBI investigation of 2001 anthrax attacks concluded; US releases details, by Joby Warrick \u2013 Saturday, February 20, 2010 \u2013 WashingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2011\/02\/15\/93170200\/timeline-how-the-anthrax-terror-unfolded\" >Timeline: How The Anthrax Terror Unfolded \u2013 February 15, 2011 \u2013 NPR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.anthraxattacks.net\/\" >The Anthrax Mystery: Solved and other investigations, &#8211; The Missiles at the Ground Zero, by Robert Pate \u2013 14<sup>th<\/sup> July 2009 \u2013 AnthraxAttacks.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historycommons.org\/timeline.jsp?anthraxattacks_other=anthraxattacks_anthrax_letters___hoax_letters&amp;timeline=anthraxattacks\" >2001 Anthrax Attacks \u2013 HistoryCommons.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ICANN\" >ICANN<\/a> is formed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icann.org\/\" >ICANN \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Qaeda\" >Al-Qaeda<\/a> carried out a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mostar_car_bombing\" >terrorist attack<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mostar\" >Mostar<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina\" >Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>An explosion rocks <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giant_Mine\" >Giant Mine<\/a> at the height of a labor dispute, killing nine replacement workers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yugoslavia\" >Yugoslavia<\/a> begins a naval blockade of seven <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adriatic\" >Adriatic<\/a> port cities.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Naval Blockade in the Adriatic Sea Area in 1991:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/1991-09-18\/news\/mn-2252_1_yugoslav-cease-fire\" >Yugoslav Cease-Fire Signed but New Fighting Imperils Accord \u2013 September 18, 1991 \u2013 Los Angeles Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1991\/09\/18\/world\/capital-of-croatia-under-attack-as-yugoslav-accord-breaks-down.html\" >Capital of Croatia Under Attack As Yugoslav Accord Breaks Down, by John Tagliabue \u2013 September 18, 1991 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.baltimoresun.com\/1991-09-18\/news\/1991261011_1_yugoslavia-yugoslav-army-army-barracks\" >Attack on Croatian capital follows signing of truce Zagreb is pounded by planes, artillery \u2013 September 18, 1991 \u2013 THE BALTIMORE SUN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/naval-relics.weebly.com\/adriatic-sea-naval-warfare.html\" >ADRIATIC SEA WARFARE \u2013 Weebly.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_Dalmatian_Channels\" >Battle of the Dalmatic Channels &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Dubrovnik\" >Siege of Dubrovnik \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/soi.journals.yorku.ca\/index.php\/soi\/article\/view\/8001\/7151\" >Reckoning: The 1991 Siege of Dubrovnik and the Consequences of the War for Peace\u201d ,by Sardja Pavlovic \u2013 Yorku.ca<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>War in the Balkans in the 1990s\/Yugoslav War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia\" >Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/12438889\/War_in_the_Balkans_-_Richard_C._Hall_Editor\" >War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iacenter.org\/folder02\/hidden_em.htm\" >The Breakup of Yugoslavia, by Evangelos Mahairas<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digitalcommons.law.uga.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1558&amp;context=gjicl\" >YUGOSLAVIAN CONSTITUTIONAL QUESTIONS: SELF-DETERMINATION AND SECESSION OF MEMBER REPUBLICS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/staff.lib.msu.edu\/sowards\/balkan\/lect25.htm\" >Twenty-Five Lectures on Modern Balkan History \u2013 Lecture 25: The Yugoslav Civil War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stewwebb.com\/2013\/09\/27\/the-evisceration-of-yugoslavia-part-1-bnl-yugo-and-eagleburger\/\" >The Evisceration of Yugoslavia, Part 1: BNL, Yugo, and Eagleburger, by Dean Henderson \u2013 StewWebb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liechtenstein\" >Liechtenstein<\/a> becomes a member of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Liechtenstein:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ls.html\" >LIECHTENSTEIN \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Liechtenstein\" >Liechtenstein \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/liechtenstein.html\" >Liechtenstein \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ezilon.com\/about-liechtenstein.htm\" >LIECHTENSTEIN \u2013 ABOUT LIECHTENSTEIN \u2013 Elizon.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liechtenstein.li\/en\" >The Principality of Liechtenstein \u2013 Liechtenstein.li<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Liechtenstein\" >Economy of Liechtenstein &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/liechtenstein.htm\" >Liechtenstein \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tourismus.li\/en\/about-Liechtenstein\/information-about-Liechtenstein.html\" >Information about Liechtenstein \u2013 ToursimUs.li<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History and Culture of Liechtenstein:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liechtensteinusa.org\/index.php?page=history\" >History \u2013 EMBASSY OF THE PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN, WASHINGTON, D.C.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Liechtenstein\" >History of Liechtenstein \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/liechtenstein-history.html\" >Liechtenstein \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/liechtenstein\/history\" >Liechtenstein \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.safaritheglobe.com\/liechtenstein\/history\/\" >History of Liechtenstein \u2013 SafariTheGlobe.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.europe-today.com\/liechtenstein\/liechtenstein-history.html\" >THE HISTORY OF LIECHTENSTEIN \u2013 LIECHTENSTEIN TODAY \u2013 Europe-Today.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsencyclopedia.com\/Europe\/Liechtenstein-HISTORY.html\" >Liechtenstein \u2013 History \u2013 NationEncyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/suite.io\/christopher-eger\/63d27m\" >Military History of Liechtenstein<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/1066106.stm\" >Timeline: Liechtenstein \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong>End of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/8888_Uprising\" >pro-democracy uprisings<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Myanmar\" >Myanmar<\/a> after a bloody <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_coup\" >military coup<\/a> by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_Law_and_Order_Restoration_Council\" >State Law and Order Restoration Council<\/a>. Thousands, mostly <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monk\" >monks<\/a> and civilians (primarily students), are killed by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Myanmar_Armed_Forces\" >Tatmadaw<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Myanmar:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theodora.com\/wfbcurrent\/burma\/index.html\" >MYANMAR \u2013 COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Myanmar\" >Myanmar \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/myanmar.html\" >Myanmar \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.myanmar.com\/\" >Latest Myanmar News<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/news\/international\/countriesandterritories\/myanmar\/index.html\" >Myanmar \u2013 CHRONOLOGY OF COVERAGE \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Myanmar:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/journalism.berkeley.edu\/projects\/burma\/history.html\" >A Brief History of Burma, by Thomas R. Lansner \u2013 Berkeley.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Myanmar\" >History of Myanmar \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.myanmarburma.com\/article\/835\/a-brief-history-of-myanmar-burma\" >A Brief History of Myanmar (Burma) \u2013 MyanmarBurma.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfob.org\/HistoryofBurma\/historyOfBurma.shtml\" >History of Burma \u2013 CFOB.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-pacific-12992883\" >Myanmar profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Pro-Democracy Uprising, Ethnic Cleansing and Other Pertinent Issues:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.news.va\/en\/news\/myanmar-remembers-1988-pro-democracy-uprising\" >Myanmar remembers 1988 pro-democracy uprising \u2013 2013-08-08 Vatican Radio<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfordburmaalliance.org\/1988-uprising--1990-elections.html\" >1988 Uprising and 1990 Election \u2013 Oxford Burma Alliance<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.burmalibrary.org\/KN\/asa160101990en-full-red.pdf\" >MYANMAR IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST\u2019 Prisoners of conscience, torture, summary trials under martial law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2013\/08\/06\/burma-justice-1988-massacres\" >Burma: Justice for 1988 Massacre \u2013 August 6, 2013 \u2013 Human Rights Watch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ndtv.com\/world-news\/student-leader-in-1988-myanmar-pro-democracy-protests-joins-aung-san-suu-kyi-to-contest-polls-783011\" >Student Leader in 1988 Myanmar Pro-Democracy Protests Joins Aung San Suu Kyi to Contest Polls \u2013 Updated: July 19, 2015 \u2013 NDTV.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/news\/world\/2008-08-12-2105069515_x.htm\" >Myanmar police arrest opposition party executive \u2013 8\/12\/2008 \u2013 USAToday.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newrepublic.com\/article\/116335\/burma-massacre-muslims-ethnic-cleansing-has-just-escalated\" >Ethnic Cleansing Just Went to Bad to Worse, by Graeme Wood \u2013 January 24, 2014 \u2013 NewRepublic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/search\/?q=myanmar+ethnnic+cleansing\" >TMS Archive on Myanmar ethnic cleansing<\/a> <strong><em>and\/or<\/em><\/strong> on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/search\/?q=myanmar+ethnnic+cleansing\" >Myanmar pro-democracy movement<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>Christian <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Militia\" >militia<\/a> begin killing six-hundred <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinians\" >Palestinians<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanon\" >Lebanon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_Civil_War\" >Lebanese War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sabra_and_Shatila_massacre\" >Sabra and Shatila massacre \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.defenddemocracy.org\/media-hit\/lebanons-militia-wars1\/\" >Lebanon\u2019s Militia Wars \u2013 DefendDemocracy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.endtheoccupation.org\/article.php?id=197\" >What was the 1982 Lebanon war all about? What was Ariel Sharon&#8217;s role? \u2013 EndTheOccupation.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-14649284\" >Lebanon profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.absoluteastronomy.com\/timeline\/Lebanon\" >Lebanon \u2013 Timeline \u2013 AbsoluteAstronomy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assembl%C3%A9e_Nationale\" >Assembl\u00e9e Nationale<\/a> votes to abolish <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_punishment_in_France\" >capital punishment in France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voyager_I\" >Voyager I<\/a> takes first photograph of the Earth and the Moon together.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patty_Hearst\" >Patty Hearst<\/a> is arrested after a year on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FBI_Most_Wanted_List\" >FBI Most Wanted List<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Bahamas\" >The Bahamas<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East Germany<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Germany\" >West Germany<\/a> are admitted to the United Nations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Vietnamese_Army\" >North Vietnamese Army<\/a> begins infiltration of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burundi\" >Burundi<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jamaica\" >Jamaica<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rwanda\" >Rwanda<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trinidad_and_Tobago\" >Trinidad and Tobago<\/a> are admitted to the United Nations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><em>For more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><em>For more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>UN <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secretary-General\" >Secretary-General<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld\" >Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld<\/a> dies in a plane crash while attempting to negotiate peace in the war-torn <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katanga_Province\" >Katanga<\/a> region of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/07\/dag-hammarskjold-29-july-1905-18-september-1961-crisis-manager-and-longer-range-world-community-builder\/\" >Dag Hammarskjold (29 Jul 1905 \u2013 18 Sep 1961): Crisis Manager and Longer-Range World Community Builder, by Ren\u00e9 Wadlow<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2010\/10\/the-un-peace-and-peace-education\/\" >\u201c<em>Let me start celebrating the greatest UN secretary general of them all, Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld.\u00a0 From a country with a century of neutrality after three centuries of the sweet-sour taste of big power status.\u00a0 Knowledgeable, wise, spiritual, attached to something out there, Sanskrit <\/em>tat tvam asi<em>, all-embracing, beyond religions. Capable of promoting resolutions serving as precedents for future resolutions, making Chapter 6, or \u201c6 1\/2\u201d, peacekeeping, a reality<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The UN, Peace, and Peace Education, by Johan Galtung \u2013 25 Oct 2010 &#8211; TMS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fidel_Castro\" >Fidel Castro<\/a> arrives in New York City as the head of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" >Cuban<\/a> delegation to the United Nations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vanguard_3\" >Vanguard 3<\/a> is launched into Earth orbit.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Margaret_Chase_Smith\" >Margaret Chase Smith<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maine\" >Maine<\/a> becomes the first woman elected to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate\" >United States Senate<\/a> without completing another <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Senator\" >senator<\/a>&#8216;s term, when she defeats <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Party_of_the_United_States\" >Democratic<\/a> opponent Adrian Scolten.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist\" >Communist<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madiun\" >Madiun<\/a> uprising in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_Indies\" >Dutch Indies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Polo\" >Operation Polo<\/a> is terminated after the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Army\" >Indian Army<\/a> accepts the surrender of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nizam\" >Nizam<\/a>&#8216;s Army.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Security_Council\" >National Security Council<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\" >Central Intelligence Agency<\/a> are established in the United States under the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Security_Act_of_1947\" >National Security Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Defense\" >US Department of Defense (DOD)<\/a> is formed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>US Department of Defense (DOD):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dod.gov\/pubs\/dod101\" >US Department of State \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/defense-united-states-department-of-creation.html\" >US Department of Defense \u2013 Creation \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/US-Department-of-Defense\" >US Department of Defense \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/agency\/dod\/intro.htm\" >US Department of Defense \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.allgov.com\/departments\/department-of-defense?detailsDepartmentID=569\" >Department of Defense \u2013 AllGov.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of the Department of Defense:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spiritus-temporis.com\/united-states-department-of-defense\/history.html\" >United States Department of Defense \u2013 Spiritus-Temporis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/govinfo.library.unt.edu\/npr\/library\/status\/mission\/mdod.htm\" >Department of Defense \u2013 1994 \u2013 UNT.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historycommons.org\/entity.jsp?entity=us_department_of_defense\" >Profile: US Department of Defense \u2013 HistoryCommons.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/research\/guide-fed-records\/groups\/330.html\" >Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense \u2013 Archives.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Air_Force\" >United States Air Force<\/a> becomes an independent branch of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_armed_forces\" >United States armed forces<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>US Air Force:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.af.mil\/\" >US Air Force \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/air-force-united-states-department-the.html\" >US Department of Air Force \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afpc.af.mil\/shared\/media\/document\/AFD-140814-096.pdf\" >DEPARTMENT OF AIR FORCE \u2013 Air Force Personnel Center<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of the US Air Force:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_United_States_Air_Force\" >History of the United States Air Force \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.airforce.com\/learn-about\/history\/\" >History \u2013 AirForce.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.military.com\/join-armed-forces\/us-air-force-overview.html\" >The History and Role of the Air Force \u2013 Military.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Douglas_MacArthur\" >Douglas MacArthur<\/a> moves his command headquarters to Tokyo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The British <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Submarine\" >submarine<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Tradewind_%28P329%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Tradewind<\/em><\/a> torpedoes <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jun%27y%C5%8D_Maru\" >Jun&#8217;y\u014d Maru<\/a><\/em>, 5,600 killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler\" >Adolf Hitler<\/a> orders the deportation of Danish Jews.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The Jews of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minsk\" >Minsk<\/a> are massacred at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sobibor_extermination_camp\" >Sobib\u00f3r<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>The British liner <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SS_City_of_Benares\" >SS\u00a0<em>City of Benares<\/em><\/a> is sunk by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_submarine_U-48_%281939%29\" >German submarine U-48<\/a>; those killed include 77 child refugees.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi\" >Nazi<\/a> propaganda broadcaster known as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lord_Haw-Haw\" >Lord Haw-Haw<\/a> begins transmitting.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Polish_Republic\" >Polish<\/a> government of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ignacy_Mo%C5%9Bcicki\" >Ignacy Mo\u015bcicki<\/a> flees to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Romania\" >Romania<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1934\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USSR\" >USSR<\/a> is admitted to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/League_of_Nations\" >League of Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>League of Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indiana.edu\/~league\/nationalmember.htm\" >NATIONAL MEMBERSHIP OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS \u2013 Indiana.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Member_states_of_the_League_of_Nations\" >Member states of the League of Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/geography.about.com\/od\/politicalgeography\/a\/The-League-Of-Nations.htm\" >The League of Nations \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/leagcov.asp\" >The Covenant of the League of Nations \u2013 Avalon Project \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a>, <strong><em>or <\/em><\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/3dd8b9854.html\" >THE CONVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS \u2013 RefWorld.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/league-nations-members.html\" >League of Nations \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ox.libguides.com\/lnstruc\" >Structure of the League of Nations \u2013 Oxford LibGuides<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldatwar.net\/timeline\/other\/league18-46.html\" >League of Nations Chronology, collected by Philipp J. Strollo \u2013 THE WORLD AT WAR<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>USSR and the League of Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.prlib.ru\/en-us\/History\/Pages\/Item.aspx?itemid=666\" >USSR joins the League of Nations \u2013 18 September 1934 \u2013 Presidential Library \u2013 PrLib.ru<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/history\/etol\/newspape\/ni\/vol01\/no01\/editors2.htm\" >The Soviets and the League of Nations \u2013 The New International, July 1934<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/ussr-expelled-from-the-league-of-nations\" >Dec 14 1939 THIS DAY IN HISTORY \u2013 USSR expelled from the League of Nations \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/League_of_Nations\" _expulsion_of_the_USSR\">League of Nations\u2019 expulsion of the USSR &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1931\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mukden_Incident\" >Mukden Incident<\/a> gives Japan the pretext to invade and occupy <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manchuria\" >Manchuria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Mukden-Incident\" >Mukden Incident &#8211; Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1921-1936\/mukden-incident\" >The Mukden Incident of 1931 and the Stimson Doctrine \u2013 Office of the Historian \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1931\/9\/18\/mukden-incident\" >Sep 18 1931 Mukden Incident \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h1507.html\" >Mukden Incident \u2013 U-S-History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/manchurian-incident.html\" >Manchurian Incident \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria\" >Japanese invasion of Manchuria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.republicanchina.org\/ManchuriaIncident.pdf\" >Manchurian Incident, by Ah Xiang \u2013 In Commemoration of China\u2019s 15-Year War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2timelines.com\/japan\/incidents\/31mukdenincident.htm\" >Manchurian Incident Timeline \u2013 September 1931 \u2013 January 1932<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1928\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_de_la_Cierva\" >Juan de la Cierva<\/a> makes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Autogyro\" >autogyro<\/a> crossing of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/English_Channel\" >English Channel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbia_Broadcasting_System\" >Columbia Broadcasting System<\/a> goes on the air.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1922\u00a0 <\/strong>Hungary is admitted to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/League_of_Nations\" >League of Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>For some more information on the League of Nations, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1934\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>The USSR is admitted to the League of Nations\u201d, <em>as mentioned above<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/hungary\/\" >Hungary \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Hungary#Between_the_two_world_wars_.281918.E2.80.931941.29\" >Between two world wars (1918-48) \u2013 History of Hungary \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a>, <strong><em>or<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungary_between_the_World_Wars\" >Hungary between the Two World Wars &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Hungarian_Army\" >Royal Hungarian Army \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_people\" >Hungarians \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hunmagyar.org\/tor\/trianon.htm\" >HUNGARIAN HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY \u2013 Hunmagyar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1919\u00a0 <\/strong>The Netherlands gives women the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women%27s_suffrage\" >right to vote<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/famousdaily.com\/history\/netherlands-women-right-vote.html\" >Netherlands grants women\u2019s suffrage, by Gary Satanovsky \u2013 FamousDaily.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historynet.com\/womens-suffrage-movement\" >WOMEN\u2019S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT \u2013 Historynet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/teacher.scholastic.com\/activities\/suffrage\/history.htm\" >Women\u2019s Suffrage \u2013 HISTORY OF WOMEN\u2019S SUFFRAGE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/ipa\/A0931343.html\" >Timeline of Women\u2019s Suffrage Granted, by Country \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/womenshistory.about.com\/od\/suffrage\/a\/intl_timeline.htm\" >International Woman Suffrage Timeline \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Feminism_in_the_Netherlands#1917_to_1960\" >\u201c<em>Women won the right to stand for an election as a candidate in 1917. They gained full suffrage in 1919. This was relatively early compared to most other European nations; only Finland and Sweden had given women the vote earlier<\/em>.<sup>\u201d <\/sup>\u2013 Feminism in the Netherlands &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scholastic.com\/browse\/article.jsp?id=3753790\" >Women\u2019s Rights Movement \u2013 Scholatic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: South African troops land in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_South_West_Africa\" >German South West Africa<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Home_Rule_Act_1914\" >Irish Home Rule Act<\/a> becomes law, but is delayed until after <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong>Russian Premier <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pyotr_Stolypin\" >Pyotr Stolypin<\/a> is shot at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiev_Opera_House\" >Kiev Opera House<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1910\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amsterdam\" >Amsterdam<\/a>, 25,000 demonstrate for general <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suffrage\" >suffrage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Typhoon\" >typhoon<\/a> with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsunami\" >tsunami<\/a> kills an estimated 10,000 people in Hong Kong.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fashoda_Incident\" >Fashoda Incident<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener\" >Lord Kitchener&#8217;s<\/a> ships reach <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fashoda\" >Fashoda<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudan\" >Sudan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1895\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_David_Palmer\" >Daniel David Palmer<\/a> gives the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chiropractic\" >chiropractic<\/a> adjustment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1895\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Booker_T._Washington\" >Booker T. Washington<\/a> delivers the &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlanta_compromise\" >Atlanta compromise<\/a>&#8221; address.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1882\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Stock_Exchange\" >Pacific Stock Exchange<\/a> opens.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1873\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panic_of_1873\" >Panic of 1873<\/a>: The U.S. bank <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jay_Cooke_%26_Company\" >Jay Cooke &amp; Company<\/a> declares <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bankruptcy\" >bankruptcy<\/a>, triggering a series of bank failures.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1850\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congress\" >U.S. Congress<\/a> passes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1850\" >Fugitive Slave Act of 1850<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1833\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Corn_Law_League\" >Anti-Corn Law League<\/a> is established by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Cobden\" >Richard Cobden<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1812\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fire_of_Moscow_%281812%29\" >The 1812 Fire of Moscow<\/a> dies down after destroying more than three-quarters of the city. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon\" >Napoleon<\/a> returns from the Petrovsky Palace to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moscow_Kremlin\" >Moscow Kremlin<\/a>, spared from the fire.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1810\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_Junta_of_Chile_%281810%29\" >First Government Junta<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chile\" >Chile<\/a>. Though supposed to rule only in the absence of the king, it is in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and is commemorated as such.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1759\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seven_Years%27_War\" >Seven Years&#8217; War<\/a>: The British capture <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quebec_City\" >Quebec City<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1739\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Belgrade\" >Treaty of Belgrade<\/a> is signed, ceding <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgrade\" >Belgrade<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1635\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor\" >Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II of Austria<\/a> declares war on France.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>SEPTEMBER 19<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong>The leaking oil well in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill\" ><em>Deepwater Horizon<\/em> oil spill<\/a> is sealed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rucool.marine.rutgers.edu\/deepwater\/2010\/09\/\" >BP finally seals leaking Gulf of Mexico oil well \u2013 September 19<sup>th<\/sup>, 2010 \u2013 Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Deepwater-Horizon-oil-spill-of-2010\" >Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010, by Richard Pallardy \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/It's%20About%20Time:%20Leaking%20BP%20Oil%20Well%20Finally%20Plugged\">It\u2019s About Time: Leaking BP Oil Well Finally Plugged, by Christopher Steele, September 22, 2010 \u2013 Opinion \u2013 NeonTommy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eoearth.org\/view\/article\/161185\/\" >Deep Water Horizon oil, by Cutler J. Cleveland \u2013 The Encyclopedia of EARTH<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/Environment\/2012\/1019\/Mystery-in-Gulf-of-Mexico-Why-is-oil-leaking-from-Deepwater-disaster-site\" >Mystery in Gulf of Mexico: Why is oil leaking from Deepwater disaster site? ,by Mark Guarino \u2013 October 19, 2012 \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor \u2013 CSMonitor.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thailand\" >Thai<\/a> military <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >stages a coup<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangkok\" >Bangkok<\/a>. The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Thailand\" >Constitution<\/a> is and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martial_law\" >martial law<\/a> is declared.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_reactions_to_the_2006_Thai_coup_d\" %C3%A9tat\">International reactions to the 2006 Thai coup d\u2019\u00e9tat \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldlibrary.org\/articles\/2006_Thailand_coup_d\" %C3%A9tat\">2006 THAILAND COUP D\u2019\u00c9TAT \u2013 World Public Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_consequences_of_the_2006_Thai_coup_d\" %C3%A9tat\">Economic consequences of the 2006 Thailand coup d\u2019\u00e9tat &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guelb_El-Kebir_massacre\" >Guelb El-Kebir massacre<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algeria\" >Algeria<\/a> where 53 people are killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%96tzi_the_Iceman\" >\u00d6tzi the Iceman<\/a> is discovered by German tourists.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terrorist\" >terrorist<\/a> bomb explodes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UTA_Flight_772\" >UTA Flight 772<\/a> in mid-air above the T\u00f9n\u00f9r\u00f9 Desert, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Niger\" >Niger<\/a>, killing 171.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis\" >Saint Kitts and Nevis<\/a> gains its independence.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Saint Kitts and Nevis:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/sc.html\" >Saint Kitts and Nevis \u2013 The World Factbook &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thecommonwealth.org\/our-member-countries\/st-kitts-and-nevis\" >St Kitts and Nevis \u2013 The Commonwealth \u2013 TheCommonwealth.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/st-kitts-and-nevis.html\" > Kitts and Nevis \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis\" >Saint Kitts and Nevis \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Saint Kitts and Nevis:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis\" >History of Saint Kitts and Nevis \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stkittstourism.kn\/love-st-kitts-culture-history.php\" > Kitts \u2013 Culture &amp; History \u2013 StKittsToursim.kn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographia.com\/stkitts-nevis\/skhist01.htm\" >History &amp; Culture \u2013 St. Kitts and Nevis \u2013 Geographia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/No-Sa\/Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis.html\" >Saint Kitts and Nevis \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldtravelguide.net\/st-kitts-and-nevis\/history-language-culture\" >St Kitts and Nevis History, Language and Culture \u2013 History of St Kitts and Nevis \u2013 WorldTravelGuide.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sknvibes.com\/islandfacts\/sitepage.cfm?p=163\" >History of St. Kitts Carnival, by NOVELETTE MORTON-HANLEY \u2013 SKNVibs.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scott_Fahlman\" >Scott Fahlman<\/a> posts the first documented <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emoticon\" >emoticons<\/a>\u00a0:-) and\u00a0:-( on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carnegie_Mellon_University\" >Carnegie Mellon University<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulletin_Board_System\" >Bulletin Board System<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solomon_Islands\" >Solomon Islands<\/a> join the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Solomon Islands:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/\" >Solomon Islands \u2013 World Factbook &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Solomon-Islands\" >Solomon Islands \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/solomon-islands.html\" >Solomon Islands \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/solomon-islands\" >Solomon Islands \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsencyclopedia.com\/economies\/Asia-and-the-Pacific\/Solomon-Islands.html\" >Solomon Islands \u2013 NationsEncyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History and Culture of the Solomon Islands:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.safaritheglobe.com\/solomon-islands\/history\/\" >History of the Solomon Islands \u2013 SafariTheGlobe.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thecommonwealth.org\/our-member-countries\/solomon-islands\/history\" >Solomon Islands: History \u2013 The Common Wealth \u2013 TheCommonWelath.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/solomon-islands-history.html\" >Solomon Islands \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldtravelguide.net\/solomon-islands\/history-language-culture\" >Solomon Islands, History, Language and Culture: History of Solomon Islands \u2013 WorldTravelGuide.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/solo\/hd_solo.htm\" >The Solomon Islands \u2013 Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History \u2013 THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong>Two <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Iranian_Air_Force\" >Imperial Iranian Air Force<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F-4_Phantom_II\" >F-4 Phantom II<\/a> jets fly out to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1976_Tehran_UFO_incident\" >investigate an unidentified flying object<\/a> when both independently lose instrumentation and communications as they approach, only to have them restored upon withdrawal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parcel_bomb\" >parcel bomb<\/a> sent to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israeli<\/a> Embassy in London kills one <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diplomat\" >diplomat<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montagnard_%28Vietnam%29\" >Montagnard<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ARVN\" >troops of South Vietnam<\/a> revolt against the rule of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Kh%C3%A1nh\" >Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u00e1nh<\/a>, killing 70 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamese_people\" >ethnic Vietnamese<\/a> soldiers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kostas_Georgakis\" >Kostas Georgakis<\/a>, a Greek student of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geology\" >geology<\/a>, sets himself ablaze in Matteotti Square in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genoa\" >Genoa<\/a>, Italy, as a protest against the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974\" >dictatorial regime<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georgios_Papadopoulos\" >Georgios Papadopoulos<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glastonbury_Festival\" >Glastonbury Festival<\/a> is held at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Eavis\" >Michael Eavis<\/a>&#8216;s farm in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glastonbury\" >Glastonbury<\/a>, United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikita_Khrushchev\" >Nikita Khrushchev<\/a> is barred from visiting <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disneyland\" >Disneyland<\/a> due to security concerns.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong>First American underground <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_testing\" >nuclear bomb test<\/a> (part of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Plumbbob\" >Operation Plumbbob<\/a>).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nevada-is-site-of-first-ever-underground-nuclear-explosion\" >Nevada is site of first-ever underground nuclear explosion \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/history-of-nuclear-testing\/types-of-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >\u201c<em>Underground testing: Underground testing means that nuclear explosions are detonated at varying depths under the surface of the earth. These comprised the majority (i.e. about\u00a0 75%) of all nuclear explosions detonated during the Cold War (1945\u20131989); that is, over 800 of all tests conducted by the United States and nearly 500 of all tests conducted by the Soviet Union<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 TYPES OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTS &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >Underground Nuclear Testing &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Boigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 &#8211; CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/underground-nuclear-testing-nevada-test-site\" >Underground Nuclear Testing at the Nevada Site \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osti.gov\/accomplishments\/documents\/individualPage\/ACC0207\/20.pdf\" >\u201c<em>On September 19, 1957, the Laboratory detonated the first contained underground nuclear explosion. Rainier was fired beneath a high mesa at the northwest corner of the Nevada Test Site, which later became known as Rainier Mesa<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The First Underground Nuclear Test<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=S1f6vbiuUt0\" >YouTube video (18 sec.): Underground Nuclear Test<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong>The United States bars <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charlie_Chaplin\" >Charlie Chaplin<\/a> from re-entering the country after a trip to England.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Council_of_Europe\" >Council of Europe<\/a> is founded following a speech by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winston_Churchill\" >Winston Churchill<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Zurich\" >University of Zurich<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/aei.pitt.edu\/14362\/\" >Winston Churchill\u2019s speech [on a Council of Europe]. Zurich, 19 September 1946<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/about-eu\/eu-history\/founding-fathers\/pdf\/winston_churchill_en.pdf\" >Winston Churchill: Calling for a United States of Europe<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/eu-rope.ideasoneurope.eu\/2013\/11\/10\/winston-churchill-a-founder-of-the-european-union\/\" >Winston Churchill: A founder of the European Union, by Jon Danzig<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_of_Europe\" >United States of Europe &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/\" >Council of Europe \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe\" >Member states of the Council of Europe \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Council-of-Europe\" >Council of Europe \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lord_Haw-Haw\" >Lord Haw-Haw<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Joyce\" >William Joyce<\/a>) is sentenced to death in London.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_H%C3%BCrtgen_Forest\" >Battle of H\u00fcrtgen Forest<\/a> between United States and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moscow_Armistice\" >Armistice<\/a> between Finland and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> is signed. (End of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Continuation_War\" >Continuation War<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Witold_Pilecki\" >Witold Pilecki<\/a> is voluntarily captured and sent to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auschwitz\" >Auschwitz<\/a> in order to smuggle out information and start a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jewish_resistance_under_Nazi_rule#In_concentration_camps\" >resistance<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_K%C4%99pa_Oksywska\" >Battle of K\u0119pa Oksywska<\/a> concludes, with Polish losses reaching roughly 14% of all the forces engaged.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1934\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bruno_Hauptmann\" >Bruno Hauptmann<\/a> is arrested for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lindbergh_kidnapping\" >kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh, Jr.<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong>During the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_African_Campaign_of_World_War_I\" >East African Campaign of World War I<\/a>, colonial armed forces of the Belgian Congo (Force Publique) under the command of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Tombeur\" >General Charles Tombeur<\/a> captured the town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tabora\" >Tabora<\/a> after heavy fighting.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1893\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women%27s_suffrage\" >Women&#8217;s suffrage<\/a>: In New Zealand, the Electoral Act of 1893 is consented to by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governor\" >governor<\/a> giving all women in New Zealand the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Right_to_vote\" >right to vote<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1881\u00a0 <\/strong>U.S. President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_A._Garfield\" >James A. Garfield<\/a> dies of wounds suffered in a July 2 shooting. Vice President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chester_A._Arthur\" >Chester A. Arthur<\/a>, becomes President upon Garfield&#8217;s death.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1870\u00a0 <\/strong>Having invaded the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papal_States\" >Papal States<\/a> a week earlier, the Italian Army lays siege to Rome, entering the city the next day, after which the Pope described himself as a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prisoner_in_the_Vatican\" >Prisoner in the Vatican<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1870\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franco-Prussian_War\" >Franco-Prussian War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Paris_%281870%E2%80%9371%29\" >Siege of Paris<\/a> begins, which will result on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/January_28\" >January 28<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1871\" >1871<\/a> in the surrender of Paris and a decisive <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Prussia\" >Prussian<\/a> victory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1868\u00a0 <\/strong>Spanish revolution: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glorious_Revolution_%28Spain%29\" >La Gloriosa<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1846\u00a0 <\/strong>Two French shepherd children, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A9lanie_Calvat\" >M\u00e9lanie Calvat<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maximin_Giraud\" >Maximin Giraud<\/a>, experience a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marian_apparition\" >Marian apparition<\/a> on a mountaintop near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Salette,_Is%C3%A8re\" >La Salette<\/a>, France, now known as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Our_Lady_of_La_Salette\" >Our Lady of La Salette<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1799\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Revolutionary_Wars\" >French Revolutionary Wars<\/a>: French-Dutch victory against the Russians and British in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Bergen_%281799%29\" >Battle of Bergen<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1796\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Washington%27s_Farewell_Address\" >George Washington&#8217;s Farewell Address<\/a> is printed across America as an open letter to the public.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>SEPETEMBER 20<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>The United States military ends its &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell\" >don&#8217;t ask, don&#8217;t tell<\/a>&#8221; policy, allowing gay men and women to serve openly for the first time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dump_truck\" >dump truck<\/a> full of explosives <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamabad_Marriott_Hotel_bombing\" >detonates<\/a> in front of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marriott_International\" >Marriott<\/a> hotel in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamabad\" >Islamabad<\/a>, Pakistan, killing 54 people and injuring 266 others.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>Between 15,000 and 20,000 protesters marched on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jena,_Louisiana\" >Jena, Louisiana<\/a>, in support of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jena_Six\" >six black youths<\/a> who had been convicted of assaulting a white classmate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2003_Maldives_civil_unrest\" >Maldives civil unrest<\/a>: the death of prisoner <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hassan_Evan_Naseem\" >Hassan Evan Naseem<\/a> sparks a day of rioting in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mal%C3%A9\" >Mal\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong>In an address to a joint session of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congress\" >Congress<\/a> and the American people, U.S. President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_W._Bush\" >George W. Bush<\/a> declares a &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_on_Terror\" >War on Terror<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong>The United Kingdom&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MI6\" >MI6<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secret_Intelligence_Service\" >Secret Intelligence Service<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SIS_Building\" >building<\/a> is attacked by individuals using a Russian-built <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RPG-22\" >RPG-22<\/a> anti-tank missile. The perpetrators remain unidentified.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Ossetia\" >South Ossetia<\/a> declares its independence from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georgia_%28country%29\" >Georgia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>South Ossetia and the South Ossetia War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/South-Ossetia\" >South Ossetia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russo-Georgian_War\" >Russo-Georgian War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bigpicture\/2008\/08\/war_in_south_ossetia.html\" >War in South Ossetia \u2013 The Big Picture \u2013 Boston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2009\/oct\/01\/russia-georgia-south-ossetia\" >War in South Ossetia: Georgia started it \u2013 Thursday, 1 October 2009 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/russiasperiphery.blogs.wm.edu\/transcaucasia\/south-ossetia\/\" >Russia\u2019s Periphery \u2013 SOUTH OSSETIA, by H. Joseph Ware<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.valuewalk.com\/2015\/07\/russia-redraws-georgia-south-ossetia-border\/\" >Russia Redraws Georgia-South Ossetia Border \u2013 July 16, 2015 \u2013 ValueWalk.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2014\/03\/20\/how-people-in-south-ossetia-abkhazia-and-transnistria-feel-about-annexation-by-russia\" >How people in South Ossetia, Abkhazia and Transnistria feel about annexation by Russia, by Gerald Toal and John O\u2019Loughlin \u2013 March 20, 2014 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-18269210\" >South Ossetia profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1991%E2%80%931992_South_Ossetia_War\" >1991-92 South Ossetia War &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/ossetia.htm\" >South Ossetian Separatism in Georgia, by Rebecca Ratliff \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of South Ossetia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/republic-of-south-ossetia.com\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=55&amp;Itemid=55\" >Republic of South Ossetia \u2013 History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.realmagick.com\/south-ossetia-history\/\" >South Ossetia History \u2013 RealMagick.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Ossetia\" >History of the Jews in South Ossetia &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong>A suicide bomber in a car attacks the U.S. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embassy\" >embassy<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beirut\" >Beirut<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanon\" >Lebanon<\/a>, killing twenty-two people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>A <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat<\/a><\/em> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_African_Empire\" >Central African Empire<\/a> overthrows Emperor <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-B%C3%A9del_Bokassa\" >Bokasa I<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Socialist_Republic_of_Vietnam\" >Socialist Republic of Vietnam<\/a> is admitted to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vietnam:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/vietnam\/\" >Vietnam \u2013 CoutryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Vietnam\" >Vietnam \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Vietnam\" >Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vietnamlaws.com\/freelaws\/Constitution92.pdf\" >1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Socialist Republic of Vietnam<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Vietnam:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Vietnam\" >History of Vietnam \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/vietventures.com\/Vietnam\/history_vietnam.asp\" >BRIEF HISTORY OF VIETNAM \u2013 VietVentures.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/countries\/vietnam\" >A Guide to the United States\u2019 History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Vietnam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/vietnam-war\/vietnam-war-history\" >VIETNAM WAR HISTORY \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/vietnamwar\/a\/vietnamwar.htm\" >Vietnam War, by Jennifer Rosenberg \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syria\" >Syrian<\/a> tanks roll into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jordan\" >Jordan<\/a> in response to continued fighting between Jordan and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fedayeen\" >fedayeen<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Meredith\" >James Meredith<\/a>, an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_American\" >African American<\/a>, is temporarily barred from entering the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Mississippi\" >University of Mississippi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/~richards\/my_papers\/khalturin_NZ_1-42%20.pdf\" >A Review of the Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955 \u2013 1990, by Vitaly I. Khalturin, Tatyana G. Rautian, Paul G. Richards, and William S. Leith \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>Greek general <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantinos_Dovas\" >Konstantinos Dovas<\/a> becomes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Greece\" >Prime Minister of Greece<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>UN General Assembly admit 13 African countries &amp; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyprus\" >Cyprus<\/a> (96 nations).<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>African Countries and Their Independence:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1960_in_Africa\" >\u201c<em>20 September \u2013 Dahomey, Upper Volta, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville), Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville), C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire, Gabon, Madagascar, Niger, Somalia, Togo, Mali and Senegal obtain membership in the United Nations<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 1960s in Africa \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Decolonization_of_Africa\" >Decolonization of Africa &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1945-1952\/asia-and-africa\" >Decolonization of Asia and Africa, 1945-1960 \u2013 Office of the Historian \u2013 US Department of Office<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/empathosnationenterprises.com\/Consulate\/EN-Library\/Black-Studies\/afindep.html\" >African National Independence \u2013 Color map of national independece<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gmanetwork.com\/news\/story\/191880\/news\/world\/africa-marks-1960-when-1-3-gained-independence\" >Africa marks 1960, when 1\/3 gained independence, by Donna Bryson \u2013 May 26, 2010 \u2013 GMANetwork.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japanafricanet.com\/directory\/presidents\/africanindependence.html\" >List of all African countries and their Independence Days, colonial names and former colonizers. \u2013 AFRICAN COUNTRIES\u2019 INDEPENDENCE DAYS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/library\/timelines\/blIndependenceTime.htm\" >A Chronological List of Independence Dates for Arica \u2013 African History<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Cyprus:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/cyprus\/\" >Cyprus \u2013 CountriesStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/sc\/repertoire\/96-99\/Chapter%208\/Europe\/96_99_8_European_26_Cyprus.pdf\" > The situation of Cyprus \u2013 Decision on 28 June 1996 (3675<sup>th<\/sup> meeting): resolution 1062 (1996) \u2013 Europe &#8211; Chapter VIII. Consideration of questions under the responsibility of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cyprusnet.com\/content.php?article_id=2883&amp;subject=standalone\" >Cyprus and the United Nations \u2013 Cyprusnet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cyprusun.org\/\" >Permanent Mission of the Republic of Cyprus to the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Cyprus:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heureka.clara.net\/cyprus\/history.htm\" >The History of Cyprus in 90 Centuries<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Cyprus\" >History of Cyprus \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.windowoncyprus.com\/history_of_cyprus.htm\" >The History of Cyprus \u2013 Window on Cyprus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.whatson-northcyprus.com\/history\/british.htm\" >A brief History Cyprus \u2013 British Period (1878 \u2013 1960)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldtravelguide.net\/cyprus\/history-language-culture\" >Cyprus History, Culture and Language \u2013 WorldTravelGuide.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cyprus-conflict.net\/turkey-greece%20history.html\" >Turkey and Greece: A History of Colliding<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><em>For more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Holocaust\" >Holocaust<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Letychiv\" >Letychiv<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine\" >Ukraine<\/a>. In the course of two days the German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schutzstaffel\" >SS<\/a> murders at least 3,000 Jews.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Holocaust_in_Ukraine\" >Holocaust in Ukraine \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/judaica\/ejud_0002_0012_0_12189.html\" >LETICHEV \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org\/ukraine\/letichev.html\" >LETICHEV \u2013 International Jewish Cemetery Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/collections.yadvashem.org\/photosarchive\/en-us\/37671.html\" >Yad Vashem Photo Archive <strong>\u00bb <\/strong>Letichev, Ukraine<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yadvashem.org\/untoldstories\/database\/index.asp?cid=744\" >\u201c<em>Jews settled in Letichev (formerly Leshin) in the late 16th century\u2026 In September 1942 over 1,500 Jews from the larger ghetto were murdered by an SS murder squad outside the town near Zaletichevka village<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Letichev \u2013 THE UNTOLD STORIES<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thenewamerican.com\/culture\/history\/item\/4656-holodomor-the-secret-holocaust-in-ukraine\" >Holodomor: The Secret Holocaust in Ukraine \u2013 TheNewAmercian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1930\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church\" >Syro-Malankara Catholic Church<\/a> is formed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archbishop\" >Archbishop<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mar_Ivanios\" >Mar Ivanios<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>Foundation of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_Legion\" >Spanish Legion<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1909\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom\" >Parliament of the United Kingdom<\/a> passes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Africa_Act_1909\" >South Africa Act 1909<\/a>, creating the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Union_of_South_Africa\" >Union of South Africa<\/a> from the British Colonies of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Colony\" >Cape of Good Hope<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colony_of_Natal\" >Natal<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orange_River_Colony\" >Orange River Colony<\/a>, and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transvaal_Colony\" >Transvaal Colony<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1893\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Duryea\" >Charles Duryea<\/a> and his brother road-test the first American-made <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gasoline\" >gasoline<\/a>-powered <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automobile\" >automobile<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1871\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bishop\" >Bishop<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Coleridge_Patteson\" >John Coleridge Patteson<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martyr\" >martyred<\/a> on the island of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nukapu\" >Nukapu<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polynesian_outlier\" >Polynesian outlier<\/a> island now in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Temotu_Province\" >Temotu Province<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solomon_Islands\" >Solomon Islands<\/a>. He is the first bishop of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melanesia\" >Melanesia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1857\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857\" >Indian Rebellion of 1857<\/a> ends with the recapture of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Delhi\" >Delhi<\/a> by troops loyal to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_India_Company\" >East India Company<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1854\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Alma\" >Battle of Alma<\/a>: British and French troops defeat Russians in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crimea\" >Crimea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1848\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science\" >American Association for the Advancement of Science<\/a> is created.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1835\u00a0 <\/strong>Ragamuffin rebels capture <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Porto_Alegre\" >Porto Alegre<\/a>, then capital of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_of_Brazil\" >Brazilian imperial<\/a> province of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rio_Grande_do_Sul\" >Rio Grande do Sul<\/a>, triggering the start of ten-year-long <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ragamuffin_War\" >Ragamuffin War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1792 <\/strong>French troops stop allied invasion of France, during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_the_First_Coalition\" >War of the First Coalition<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Valmy\" >Valmy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1737\u00a0 <\/strong>The finish of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walking_Purchase\" >Walking Purchase<\/a> which forces the cession of 1.2 million acres (4,860\u00a0km\u00b2) of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lenape-Delaware\" >Lenape-Delaware<\/a> tribal land to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pennsylvania_Colony\" >Pennsylvania Colony<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1697\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Ryswick\" >Treaty of Ryswick<\/a> is signed by France, England, Spain, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_Roman_Empire\" >Holy Roman Empire<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_Republic\" >Dutch Republic<\/a> ending the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nine_Years%27_War\" >Nine Years&#8217; War<\/a> (1688\u201397).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>____________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.\u00a0 His interest and\/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project\/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental\/ecological issues, audio\/visual documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment<\/em><\/a><em>, he is currently compiling <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/category\/history\/\" >This Week in History<\/a> <em>on <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/\" >TMS<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(<em>Sources and references:<\/em><\/strong><em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_14\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_14<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to _20; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/day\/september\/14\" >http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/day\/september\/14<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to september\/20; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/september_14.html\" >http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/september_14.html<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to _20.html; and other pertinent websites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<\/em><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and\/or documents.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about \u201cpeace\u201d, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external\/outer peace and internal\/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and\/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address \u201cpeace\u201d through peace journalism.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sep 14-20 &#8211; QUOTE OF THE WEEK: \u201cWhatever you do, do with deep alertness, then even small things become sacred.\u201d &#8211; Osho<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63505"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63505\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}