{"id":64277,"date":"2015-09-28T12:00:45","date_gmt":"2015-09-28T11:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=64277"},"modified":"2015-09-22T17:43:17","modified_gmt":"2015-09-22T16:43:17","slug":"this-week-in-history-43","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/09\/this-week-in-history-43\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62806\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo.jpeg\" alt=\"TWH logo history\" width=\"600\" height=\"331\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Sep 28\u2013Oct 4<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>QUOTE OF THE WEEK:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyquote.com\/quotes\/quotes\/m\/marktwain106287.html\" >\u201cKindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.\u201d<\/a><\/em> \u2013 Mark Twain<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>SEPTEMBER 28<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Hong_Kong_protests\" >Hong Kong protests<\/a>\u00a0: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benny_Tai\" >Benny Tai<\/a> announces that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Occupy_Central_with_Love_and_Peace\" >Occupy Central<\/a> is launched as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong\" >Hong Kong<\/a>&#8216;s government headquarters is being occupied by thousands of protesters. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_Police_Force\" >Hong Kong police<\/a> resort to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tear_gas\" >tear gas<\/a> to disperse protesters but thousands remain.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Hong Kong Occupy Central:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2014\/09\/27\/world\/asia\/hong-kong-five-things\/index.html\" >Hong Kong Occupy Central protests \u2013 September 27, 2014 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/hong-kong-occupy-central-protest-live-stream-2014-least-41-people-injured-78-arrested-1696136\" >Hong Kong Occupy Central Protest Live Stream 2014: At Least 41 People Injured, 78 Arrested, by Maria Voltaggio \u2013 September 28, 2014 \u2013 International Business Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scmp.com\/topics\/occupy-central\" >\u201c<em>Occupy Central is a civil disobedience movement which began in Hong Kong on September 28, 2014<\/em>.\u201d &#8211; Occupy Central | South China Morning Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/10\/12\/hong-kong-police-protester-barricade_n_5974432.html\" >Hong Kong Police Remove Protester Barricades, Occupy Central Says \u2013 Oct 13, 2014 &#8211; Reuters \u2013 HuffigtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Support of China against Pro-Democracy Movement:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/08\/18\/world\/asia\/thousands-protest-an-occupy-movement-in-hong-kong.html?_r=0\" >Thousands in Hong Kong Rally in Support of China \u2013 AUG.17, 2014 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/journal-neo.org\/2014\/10\/01\/hong-kong-s-occupy-central-is-us-backed-sedition\/\" >Hong Kong\u2019s \u201cOccupy Central\u201d is US-backed Sedition \u2013 October 1, 2014 \u2013 Journal-Neo.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somali_Armed_Forces\" >Somali<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia\" >African Union<\/a> forces launch a coordinated <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Kismayo_%282012%29\" >assault<\/a> on the Somali port city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kismayo\" >Kismayo<\/a> to take back the city from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Shabaab_%28militant_group%29\" >al-Shabaab<\/a> militants.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>The military junta leading <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guinea\" >Guinea<\/a>, headed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moussa_Dadis_Camara\" >Captain Moussa Dadis Camara<\/a>, raped, killed, and wounded protesters during <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009_Guinea_protest\" >a protest rally<\/a> in a stadium called <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stade_du_28_Septembre\" >Stade du 28 Septembre<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Aqsa_Intifada\" >Al-Aqsa Intifada<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ariel_Sharon\" >Ariel Sharon<\/a> visits <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Aqsa_Mosque\" >Al-Aqsa Mosque<\/a> known to Jews as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Temple_Mount\" >Temple Mount<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerusalem\" >Jerusalem<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>Former president of Afghanistan <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohammad_Najibullah\" >Mohammad Najibullah<\/a> is tortured and brutally murdered by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taliban\" >Taliban<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>Israeli Prime Minister <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yitzhak_Rabin\" >Yitzhak Rabin<\/a> and PLO Chairman <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yasser_Arafat\" >Yasser Arafat<\/a> sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interim_Agreement_on_the_West_Bank_and_the_Gaza_Strip\" >Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo_II_Accord\" >Oslo II Accord (= Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/israel\/oslo-ii-accords-interim-agreement-west-bank-gaza-strip\/p9676\" >Oslo II Accords (Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) \u2013 Council on Foreign Affairs \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestinefacts.org\/pf_1991to_now_oslo_accords_2.php\" >What was the \u201cOslo II\u201d Interim Agreement in 1995? \u2013 Oslo II Interim Agreement \u2013 PalestineFacts.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/3de5ebbc0.html\" >Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip \u2013 RefWorld.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bob_Denard\" >Bob Denard<\/a> and a group of mercenaries take the islands of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comoros\" >Comoros<\/a> in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Comoros\" >coup<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Special_Commission\" >UN weapons inspectors (= UNSCOM)<\/a> ends 5-day standoff with Iraq.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) to Iraq:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Special_Commission#1991.E2.80.931995\" >UNSCOM in 1991-1995 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/americanbuilt.us\/patriots\/scott-ritter.shtml\" >UNSCOM Weapon\u2019s Inspector Scott Ritter\u2019s website<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/iraq\/iraq-weapons-inspections-1991-1998\/p7705\" >IRAQ: Weapons Inspections: 1991 \u2013 1998 \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/previous-issues-and-debate-on-iraq\/weapons-inspection-program.html\" >Weapons Inspection Program \u2013 Global Policy Forum<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Inspection of Weapons of Mass Destruction and the Iraq War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-politics-10770239\" >Iraq inquiry: Former UN inspector Blix says war illegal \u2013 27 July 2010 &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/armscontrolnow.org\/2013\/03\/05\/the-cost-of-ignoring-un-inspectors-an-unnecessary-war-with-iraq\/\" >The Cost of Ignoring UN Inspectors: An Unnecessary War with Iraq, by Greg Thielmann \u2013 March 5, 2013 \u2013 Arms Control Now \u2013 ArmsControlNow.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/106\/iraq-weapons-inspections-double-standards\" >Iraq Weapons Inspections and Double Standards, by Anup Shah \u2013 Global Issues<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB80\/\" >Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction \u2013 The National Security Archive \u2013 GWU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/gunning\/etc\/arsenal.html\" >Saddam Hussein\u2019s Weapons of Mass Destruction \u2013 FRONTLINE \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/factsheets\/iraqchron\" >Disarming Saddam-A Chronology of Iraq and UN Weapons Inspections From 2002-2003: Factsheets &amp; Briefs \u2013 Arms Control Association \u2013 ArmsControl.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/op-talk.blogs.nytimes.com\/2014\/10\/17\/who-was-right-about-w-m-d-s-in-iraq\/?_r=0\" >Who Was Right About WMDs in Iraq? ,by Hannah Kozlowska \u2013 October 17, 2014 \u2013 The Opinion Pages \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/bush-the-truth-and-iraqs-weapons-of-mass-destruction-letters-to-the-editor-1423868736\" >Bush, the Truth and Iraq\u2019s Weapons of Mass Destruction \u2013 February 13, 2015 \u2013 The Wall Street Journal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2015\/04\/10\/twelve-years-later-u-s-media-still-cant-get-iraqi-wmd-story-right\/\" >TWELVE YEARS LATER, US MEDIA STILL CAN\u2019T GET IRAQ WMD STORY RIGHT, by Jon Schwarz \u2013 April 10, 2015 \u2013 The Intercept<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dailycaller.com\/2015\/05\/18\/stop-it-liberals-bush-didnt-lie-about-iraq-having-wmds\/\" >Stop It, Liberals: Bush Didn\u2019t Lie About Iraq Having WMDs, by Jamie Weinstein \u2013 05\/18\/2015 \u2013 The Daily Caller \u2013 DailyCaller.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1975 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spaghetti_House_siege\" >Spaghetti House siege<\/a>, in which nine people are taken hostage, takes place in London.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ITT_Corporation\" >ITT<\/a> Building in New York City is bombed in protest at ITT&#8217;s alleged involvement in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chilean_coup_of_1973\" >September 11, 1973 coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chile\" >Chile<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom\" >Parliament of the United Kingdom<\/a> passes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Misuse_of_Drugs_Act_1971\" >Misuse of Drugs Act 1971<\/a> banning the medicinal use of cannabis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Egypt\" >Egyptian President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser\" >Gamal Abdel Nasser<\/a> dies of a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Myocardial_infarction\" >heart attack<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cairo\" >Cairo<\/a>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anwar_Sadat\" >Anwar Sadat<\/a> is named as Nasser&#8217;s temporary successor, and will later become the permanent successor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whaam%21\" >Whaam!<\/a><\/em>, now considered <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roy_Lichtenstein\" >Roy Lichtenstein<\/a>&#8216;s most important work, debuted at an exhibition held at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leo_Castelli_Gallery\" >Leo Castelli Gallery<\/a> that lasted until at October 24.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paddington_tram_depot_fire\" >Paddington tram depot fire<\/a> destroys 65 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tram\" >trams<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brisbane\" >Brisbane<\/a>, Australia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_coup\" >military coup<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Damascus\" >Damascus<\/a> effectively ends the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Arab_Republic\" >United Arab Republic<\/a>, the union between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syria\" >Syria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mali\" >Mali<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Senegal\" >Senegal<\/a> join the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Mali:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ciaworldfactbook.us\/africa\/mali.html\" >Mali \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mali\" >Mali \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/mali.html\" >Mali \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.africa.com\/mali\/\" >Mali \u2013 Africa.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographia.com\/mali\/\" >Exploring Mali \u2013 Geographia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13881370\" >Mali country profile \u2013 Overview &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Mali:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Mali\" >Foreign relations of Mali \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2828.htm\" >US Relations with Mali \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/mali\/ri196\" >Mali \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/eeas.europa.eu\/mali\/index_en.htm\" >EU Relations with Mali \u2013 Europa.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.china.org.cn\/english\/features\/focac\/183436.htm\" >Mali and China \u2013 China.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mali%E2%80%93Russia_relations\" >Mali \u2013 Russia relations &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/sid_FCDD90907B2F4172D17553BAC313F95F\/EN\/Aussenpolitik\/Laender\/Laenderinfos\/01-Nodes\/Mali_node.html\" >Mali and Germany \u2013 Federal Foreign Office of Germany<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Mali and the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.int\/mali\/\" >The Permanent Mission of the Republic of Mali to the United Nations, New York<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unog.ch\/unog\/website\/missions.nsf\/%28httpPermanentMissions_en%29\/5C326E8AD68E3269C1256F4100451FEC?OpenDocument\" >Permanent Mission of the Republic of Mali to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ncsp.undp.org\/country\/mali\" >Mali \u2013 National Communications Support Programme (NCSP) &#8211; UNDP<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/Countries\/AFRICARegion\/Pages\/MLIndex.aspx\" >Mali \u2013 UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/childrenandarmedconflict.un.org\/countries\/mali\/\" >Mali \u2013 UN Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>US \u2013 Mali Military Relations\/Cooperation:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2013\/02\/18\/us-mali-rebels-us-idUSBRE91H0Q620130218\" >US could resume direct Mali military aid if elections successful, by Pascal Fletcher \u2013 Mon Feb 18, 2013 \u2013 Reuters.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/news\/will-the-u-s-go-back-to-training-malis-military-20130816\" >Will US Go Back to Training Mali\u2019s Military? , by John Knefel, &#8211; August 16, 2013 \u2013 RollingStone.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bridgesfrombamako.com\/2014\/04\/21\/how-us-military-assistance-failed\/\" >How US military assistance failed in Mali \u2013 April 21, 2014 \u2013 Bridges from Bamaka<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_of_Mali\" >Military of Mali \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Mali:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Mali\" >History of Mali \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsencyclopedia.com\/Africa\/Mali-HISTORY.html\" >Mali \u2013 History \u2013 Nations Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa26\" >HISTORY OF MALI \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/mali\/p\/MaliHist1.htm\" >A Brief History of Mali \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/mali\/history\" >Mali \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mali-historical-empire-Africa\" >Mali \u2013 historical empire, Africa \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/gah\/mali-empire-ca-1200\" >Mali Empire (ca. 1200 &#8211; ) \u2013 BlackPast.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.our-africa.org\/mali\/history-politics\" >Mali \u2013 History &amp; Politics \u2013 Our-Africa.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/mali\/mali-conflict-three-things-know\/p29824\" >Mali Conflict: Three Things to Know \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13881978\" >Mali profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of Mali:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Mali\" >Economy of Mali \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/mali-economy.html\" >Mali \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsencyclopedia.com\/Africa\/Mali-ECONOMY.html\" >Mali \u2013 Economy \u2013 Nations Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.our-africa.org\/mali\/economy-industry\" >Mali \u2013 Economy &amp; Industry \u2013 Our-Africa.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.africaneconomicoutlook.org\/en\/country-notes\/west-africa\/mali\/\" >Mali \u2013 African Economic Outlook<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mali\/overview\" >Mali \u2013 Country Overview \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mali\" >Mali \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/mali\" >Mali \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Senegal:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ciaworldfactbook.us\/node\/257.html\" >Senegal \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Senegal\" >Senegal \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/senegal.html\" >Senegal \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/senegal.htm\" >Senegal \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/Sa-Th\/Senegal.html\" >Culture of Senegal \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-14093674\" >Senegal country profile &#8211; Overview<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Senegal:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Senegal\" >Foreign relations of Senegal \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographyiq.com\/countries\/sg\/Senegal_relations_summary.htm\" >Senegal \u2013 Foreign Relations (Notes) \u2013 Geography IQ<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/row\/R41369.pdf\" >Senegal: Background and the US Relations, by Alexis Arieff, Analyst of African Affairs \u2013 June 20, 2013 \u2013 Congressional Research Service<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Senegal and the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.int\/senegal\/content\/permanent-mission-republic-senegal-united-nations-0\" >The Permanent Mission of the Republic of Senegal to the United Nations, New York<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unog.ch\/unog\/website\/missions.nsf\/%28httpPermanentMissions_en%29\/7185B89AA0755303C1256F4100452050?OpenDocument\" >The Permanent Mission of the Republic of Senegal to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Senegal\" >Senegal \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/Countries\/AFRICARegion\/Pages\/SNIndex.aspx\" >Senegal \u2013 UN Office for High Commissioner for Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ncsp.undp.org\/country\/senegal\" >Senegal \u2013 National Communications Support Programme (NCSP) \u2013 UNDP<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Senegal:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Senegal\" >History of Senegal \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac64\" >HISTORY OF SENEGAL \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.our-africa.org\/senegal\/history-politics\" >Senegal &#8211; History &amp; Politics \u2013 Our-Africa.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/senegal\/history\" >Senegal \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/senegal\/\" >Senegal \u2013 History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/senegal-country-africa-history.html\" >Senegal \u2013 History- Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-14093813\" >Senegal profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of Senegal:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Senegal\" >Economy of Senegal \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/senegal-country-africa-economy.html\" >Senegal \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.our-africa.org\/senegal\/economy-industry\" >Senegal \u2013 Economy &amp; Industry \u2013 Our-Africa.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/senegal\/overview\" >Senegal \u2013 Overview \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/senegal\" >Senegal \u2013 Data &#8211; THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afdb.org\/en\/countries\/west-africa\/senegal\/senegal-economic-outlook\/\" >Senegal Economy Outlook \u2013 AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong>France ratifies a new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_France\" >Constitution of France<\/a>; the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Fifth_Republic\" >French Fifth Republic<\/a> is then formed upon the formal adoption of the new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution\" >constitution<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/October_4\" >October 4<\/a>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guinea\" >Guinea<\/a> rejects the new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution\" >constitution<\/a>, voting for independence instead.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Guinea#Independence_.281958.29\" >On October 2, 1958, Guinea declares its independence from France<\/a>.<em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/guinea-country-africa-history.html\" >\u201cUnder Tour\u00e9&#8217;s leadership, Guinea became the only colony to vote against the constitution of the French Community in 1958 and to opt for complete independence, which was achieved on Oct. 2, 1958. France retaliated by severing relations and withdrawing all financial and technical aid.\u201d \u2013 Guinea \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>French Constitution of 1958:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Constitution-of-1958\" >Constitution of 1958 \u2013 French History \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thisnation.com\/library\/france.html\" >Text of the English translation of the French Constitution of 1958 and its Amendments \u2013 ThisNation.com<\/a>, <strong><em>or<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr\/conseil-constitutionnel\/english\/constitution\/constitution-of-4-october-1958.25742.html\" >Constitution of 4 October 1958<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Guinean Constitutional Referendum on 28 September 1958:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guinean_constitutional_referendum,_1958\" >Guinean constitutional referendum, 1958 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/books\/9780821442562\" >\u201c<em>In September 1958, the French territory of Guinea claimed its independence. In a defiant \u201cNo\u201d to France, the Guinean people, through a popular referen-dum, decisively rejected a constitution that would have relegated their country to junior partnership in a new French Community<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Introduction &#8211; <em>Cold War and Decolonization in Guinea, 1946-1958<\/em>, by Elizabeth Schmidt \u2013 JHU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1951\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBS\" >CBS<\/a> makes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Color_television\" >color televisions<\/a> available for sale to the general public, but the product is discontinued less than a month later.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia<\/a> joins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Indonesia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factbook.org\/factbook\/id.shtml\" >Indonesia \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK &#8211; CIA<\/a>, <strong><em>or<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.net\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 Country Studies \u2013 The World Fact Book<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/indonesia\/\" >Indonesia \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/indonesia.html\" >Indonesia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Indonesia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Indonesia\" >Foreign relations of Indonesia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eastasiaforum.org\/2014\/02\/04\/indonesias-foreign-relations-policy-shaped-by-the-ideal-of-dynamic-equilibrium\/\" >Indonesia\u2019s foreign relations: policy shamed by the ideal of \u2018dynamic equilibrium\u2019, by Dewi Fortuna Anwar \u2013 4 February 2014 \u2013 EAST ASIA FORUM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/indonesia\/indonesian-foreign-policy\/p31071\" >Indonesian Foreign Policy \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_%28Indonesia%29\" >Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia) &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Indonesia and the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia_and_the_United_Nations\" >Indonesia and the United Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.or.id\/en\/\" >Indonesia and the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.id.undp.org\/\" >UNDP Indonesia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/indonesiamission-ny.org\/pages\/HOME\" >Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations, New York<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mission-indonesia.org\/\" >Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations, WTO, and Other International Organizations in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Indonesia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Indonesia\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/indonesia\/3.htm\" >Indonesia \u2013 History \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indo.com\/indonesia\/history.html\" >History \u2013 BALI &amp; INDONESIA \u2013 Indo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.asianinfo.org\/asianinfo\/indonesia\/pro-history.htm\" >Indonesia\u2019s History and Background \u2013 AsianInfo.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/indonesia.html\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF INDONESIA \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/indonesia\/history\" >Indonesia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Indonesia-history.htm\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Indonesia\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/indonesia-history.html\" >Indonesia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indonesiapoint.com\/history-of-indonesia.html\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 IndonesiaPoint.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thejakartapost.com\/resources\/indonesian_history\" >Indonesian History \u2013 TheJakartaPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Indonesian_history\" >Timeline of Indonesian history \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-pacific-15114517\" >Indonesia country profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of Indonesia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Indonesia\" >Economy of Indonesia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/indonesia-economy.html\" >Indonesia \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indonesiapoint.com\/business-and-economy-indonesia.html\" >Business &amp; Economy of Indonesia \u2013 IndonesiaPoint.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adb.org\/countries\/indonesia\/economy\" >Indonesia \u2013 Economy \u2013 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Army\" >Soviet Army<\/a> troops liberate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klooga_concentration_camp\" >Klooga concentration camp<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klooga\" >Klooga<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drama_Uprising\" >Drama Uprising<\/a> against the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgaria\" >Bulgarian<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axis_occupation_of_Greece\" >occupation<\/a> in northern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greece\" >Greece<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw\" >Warsaw<\/a> surrenders to Nazi Germany during World War II.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Treaty_of_Friendship,_Cooperation_and_Demarcation\" >agree<\/a> on a division of Poland after their invasion during <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Invasion of Poland in September 1939:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Occupation_of_Poland_%281939%E2%80%9345%29\" >Occupation of Poland (1939-1945) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Administrative_division_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II\" >Administrative division of Poland during World War II \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2days.com\/nazis-soviets-divide-poland-3.html\" >NAZIS, SOVIET DIVIDE POLAND \u2013 WW2Days.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/worldwarii\/a\/nonaggression.htm\" >The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, by Jennifer Rosenberg \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/info-poland.buffalo.edu\/web\/history\/WWII\/1939\/link.shtml\" >German Invasion of Poland &#8211; September 1939 \u2013 Buffalo.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/msuweb.montclair.edu\/~furrg\/research\/mlg09\/did_ussr_invade_poland.html\" >Did the Soviet Union Invade Poland in September 1939? NO! \u2013 Montclair.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwar2movietimeline.com\/topics\/soviet-invasion-of-poland\/\" >Soviet Invasion of Poland \u2013 World War II Movie Timeline<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thestar.com\/news\/world\/2014\/09\/01\/how_the_1939_soviet_invasion_sealed_polands_fate_in_wwii_and_changed_the_world_forever.html\" >How the 1939 Soviet invasion sealed Poland\u2019s fate in WWII \u2013 and changed the world forever \u2013 World \u2013 TheStar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.secondworldwarhistory.com\/invasion-of-poland.asp\" >Invasion of Poland \u2013 Timeline \u2013 SecondWorldWar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Holocaust and the Invasion of Poland in 1939:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10005070\" >INVASION OF POLAND FALL 1939 &#8211; Holocaust Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theholocaustexplained.org\/ks4\/the-nazi-impact-on-europe\/nazi-occupation-case-studies\/poland\/#.Vf7j-JeufX4\" >\u201c<em>The German Army attacked Poland on 1 September 1939. Poland was defeated by the 28 September 1939. The Polish government fled to France, then, in May 1940, to London, after the German invasion of France<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 German Invasion \u2013 The Holocaust Explained<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1928\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Fleming\" >Sir Alexander Fleming<\/a> notices a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bacterium\" >bacteria<\/a>-killing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mold\" >mold<\/a> growing in his laboratory, discovering what later became known as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penicillin\" >penicillin<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1928\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom\" >U.K. Parliament<\/a> passes the Dangerous Drugs Act outlawing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cannabis_%28drug%29\" >cannabis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1924\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_aerial_circumnavigation\" >First round-the-world<\/a> flight completed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1919\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Omaha_Race_Riot_of_1919\" >Race riots<\/a> begin in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Omaha,_Nebraska\" >Omaha, Nebraska<\/a>, US.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fifth_Battle_of_Ypres\" >Fifth Battle of Ypres<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1912\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ulster_Covenant\" >Ulster Covenant<\/a> is signed by half a million Ulster Protestants in opposition to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_Irish_Home_Rule_Bill\" >Third Irish Home Rule Bill<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1901\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War\" >Philippine\u2013American War<\/a>: Filipino guerrillas kill more than forty American soldiers while losing 28 of their own, in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balangiga_massacre\" >surprise attack<\/a> in the town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balangiga,_Eastern_Samar\" >Balangiga<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samar_Island\" >Samar Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1889\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures\" >General Conference on Weights and Measures<\/a> (CGPM) defines the length of a meter as the distance between two lines on a standard bar of an alloy of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Platinum\" >platinum<\/a> with ten percent <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iridium\" >iridium<\/a>, measured at the melting point of ice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1885\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riot\" >Riots<\/a> break out in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montreal\" >Montreal<\/a> to protest against compulsory <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smallpox\" >smallpox<\/a> vaccination.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1871\u00a0 <\/strong>Brazilian Parliament passes the Law of the Free Womb, granting freedom to all new children born to slaves, the first major step in the eradication of slavery in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brazil\" >Brazil<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>SEPTEMBER 29<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>Over 42 people are <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gujba_college_massacre\" >killed<\/a> by members of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boko_Haram\" >Boko Haram<\/a> at the College of Agriculture in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gujba\" >Gujba<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009_Samoa_earthquake\" >8.0 magnitude earthquake<\/a> near the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samoan_Islands\" >Samoan Islands<\/a> causes a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsunami\" >tsunami<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong>Following the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bankruptcy\" >bankruptcies<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lehman_Brothers\" >Lehman Brothers<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_Mutual\" >Washington Mutual<\/a>, The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average\" >Dow Jones Industrial Average<\/a> falls 777.68 points, the largest single-day point loss in its history.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sellafield\" >Calder Hall<\/a>, the world&#8217;s first commercial nuclear power station, is demolished in a controlled explosion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gol_Transportes_A%C3%A9reos_Flight_1907\" >Gol Transportes A\u00e9reos Flight 1907<\/a> collides in mid-air with an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embraer_Legacy_600\" >Embraer Legacy 600<\/a> business jet near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peixoto_de_Azevedo\" >Peixoto de Azevedo<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mato_Grosso\" >Mato Grosso<\/a>, Brazil, killing 154 total people, and triggering a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006%E2%80%932007_Brazilian_aviation_crisis\" >Brazilian aviation crisis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burt_Rutan\" >Burt Rutan<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ansari_X_Prize\" >Ansari X Prize<\/a> entry <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SpaceShipOne\" >SpaceShipOne<\/a><\/em> performs a successful spaceflight, the first of two required to win the prize.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asteroid\" >asteroid<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/4179_Toutatis\" >4179 Toutatis<\/a> passes within four lunar distances of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earth\" >Earth<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Navy\" >United States Navy<\/a> disbands Fighter Squadron 84 (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VF-84\" >VF-84<\/a>), nicknamed the &#8220;Jolly Rogers&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ulysses_%28spacecraft%29\" >US space probe Ulysses<\/a> completes 2nd passage behind Sun.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Space Probe:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_probe\" >Space probe \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/science\/space-probe.html\" >Space probe \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historicspacecraft.com\/Probes_Outer_Planets.html\" >Space Probes to the Outer Planet \u2013 Historic Spacecraft<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/my.execpc.com\/~culp\/space\/timeline.html\" >Time Line of Space Exploration<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Ulysses Space Probe:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Ulysses-space-probe\" >Ulysses \u2013 European-United States space probe \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.esa.int\/Our_Activities\/Space_Science\/Ulysses_overview\" >ULYSSES OVERVIEW \u2013 ESA.int<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.esa.int\/Our_Activities\/Space_Science\/Ulysses_factsheet\" >ULYSSES FACTSHEET \u2013 ESA.int<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/missions\/ulysses\/indepth\" >Missions &#8211; Ulysses: In Depth &#8211; NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.universe-galaxies-stars.com\/Ulysses_probe.html\" >\u201c<strong><em>Ulysses space probe<\/em><\/strong><em> is a robotic space probe designed to study the Sun at all latitudes. The Ulysses space probe is named for the Latin translation of &#8220;Odysseus&#8221;, was launched in October 1990 from the Space Shuttle Discovery (mission STS-41) as a joint venture of NASA and the European Space Agency<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Universe-Galexies-Stars.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/science\/space\/solarsystem\/space_missions\/ulysses_%28spacecraft%29\" >\u201c<em>The first probe to fly over the Sun&#8217;s poles was the joint European-US Ulysses, launched aboard the space shuttle in 1990<\/em>.\u201d &#8211; Ulysses &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>Brazilian President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fernando_Collor_de_Mello\" >Fernando Collor de Mello<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impeachment\" >impeached<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>Military coup in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haiti\" >Haiti<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1991_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >1991 Haitian coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Military Coup in Haiti, 1991\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ushaititext.wikispaces.com\/1991+Aristide+and+Coup\" >1991 Aristide and Coup \u2013 USHaiti Text<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wsws.org\/en\/articles\/2004\/03\/hait-m01.html\" >The Overthrow of Haiti\u2019s Aristide: a coup made in the USA \u2013 WSWS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hartford-hwp.com\/archives\/43a\/245.html\" >Tenth Anniversary of the 1991 coup d\u2019\u00e9tat; President Aristide denounces \u201ceconomic terrorism,\u201d \u2013 Haiti \u2013 Progres, This Week in Haiti, Vol. 19, no. 29, 3-9 October 2001<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Haiti\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ha.html\" >Haiti \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/haiti\/\" >Haiti \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Haiti\" >Haiti \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/haiti.html\" >Haiti \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/haiti.htm\" >Haiti \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/haiti\/haiti-current-upheaval\/p7819\" >HAITI \u2013 Current Upheaval \u2013 March 2, 2004 &#8211; Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Haiti\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Haiti\" >Foreign relations of Haiti &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/haiti\/80.htm\" >FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 HAITI \u2013 CountryStudes.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/1982.htm\" >US Relations with Haiti \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/haiti\/ri335\" >Haiti \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Haiti\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Haiti\" >History of Haiti \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.travelinghaiti.com\/history.asp\" >The History of Haiti \u2013 TravelingHaiti.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Haiti-history.htm\" >History of Haiti \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/haiti-history.html\" >Haiti \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/frontlineworld\/rough\/2007\/12\/haiti_belos_sonlinks.html\" >Haiti\u2019s History \u2013 FRONTLINE WORLD &#8211; PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.language-works.com\/Haiti\/history.htm\" >Haiti: A Brief History \u2013 Language-Work.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/faculty\/watkins\/haiti.htm\" >Political and Economic History of Haiti \u2013 San Jos\u00e9 State University Department of Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy<\/em><\/strong><strong><em> of Haiti\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Haiti\" >Economy of Haiti \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/haiti-economy.html\" >Haiti \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/haiti\" >Haiti \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/haiti\" >Haiti \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>The YF-22, which would later become the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F-22_Raptor\" >F-22 Raptor<\/a>, flies for the first time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>Construction of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_National_Cathedral\" >Washington National Cathedral<\/a> is completed.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cathedral.org\/\" >Washington National Cathedral \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/rr\/main\/religion\/cath.html\" >Washington National Cathedral Archives \u2013 Main Reading Room \u2013 The Library of Congress<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/nr\/travel\/wash\/dc5.htm\" >National Cathedral, WASHINGTON, D.C. \u2013 A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonian.com\/articles\/arts-events\/mysteries-of-the-washington-national-cathedral\/\" >Mysteries of the National Cathedral, by Graham Meyer \u2013 September 1, 2007 \u2013 Washington.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1988\/press.html\" >UN peacekeeping forces win Nobel Peace prize<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Peacekeeping, and the UN Peacekeeping:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peacekeeping\" >Peacekeeping &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_peacekeeping\" >United Nations peacekeeping \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/operations\/peacekeeping.shtml\" >What is peacekeeping? \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/\" >United Nations peacekeeping \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Department_of_Peacekeeping_Operations\" >Department of Peacekeeping Operations &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/about\/dpko\/\" >Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) \u2013 United Nations Peacekeeping<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/conflict\/peace\/treatment\/peacemkg.htm\" >Web links on Peacekeeping \u2013 Peacekeeping \u2013 International Online Training Program on Intractable Conflict \u2013 Colorado.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>UN Peacekeeping Forces and the Nobel Peace Prize 1988:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1988\/09\/30\/world\/un-peacekeeping-forces-named-winner-of-the-nobel-peace-prize.html\" >\u201c<em>OSLO, Sept. 29\u2014 The United Nations peacekeeping forces, which for 40 years have been deployed to reduce tensions in the world&#8217;s trouble spots, were named here today as the 1988 winner of the Nobel Peace Prize<\/em>.\u201d &#8211; UN Peacekeeping Forces Named Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, by Sheila Rule \u2013 September 30, 1988 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1988\/\" >The Nobel Peace Prize 1988<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/aboutun\/nobelprize\/1988\/index.shtml\" >United Nations and the Nobel Peace Prize<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of the UN Peacekeeping:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping\" >History of the United Nations peacekeeping \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1988\/un-history.html\" >United Nations Peacekeeping Forces \u2013 History \u2013 NobelPrize.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nobelpeacekeepers.tripod.com\/id4.html\" >History of the UN Peacekeeping \u2013 Tripod.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un-museum.ru\/history\/index-e.htm\" >Museum of Peacekeeping Operations \u2013 UN-Museum.ru<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Various Problems, the Past and Present, relating to the UN Peacekeeping Operations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/issues\/\" >Peacekeeping issues \u2013 \u201c<em>Peacekeeping operates within a changing physical, social, economic and political environment. We need to be flexible to address a changing set of issues<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/06\/11\/opinion\/11iht-edced.t.html\" >Look at the Benefits and Cost of the UN Peacekeeping, by Cedric Thornberry \u2013 June 11, 1998 \u2013 Opinion \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sam.gov.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/EmelOsmanCavusoglu.pdf\" >CHALLENGES TO [THE] UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA \u2013 December 1999 \u2013 February 2000 \u2013 Volume IV, No. 4 \u2013 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.lib.unb.ca\/index.php\/jcs\/article\/view\/4334\/4970\" >Blue Helmets From the South: Accounting for the Participation of Weaker States in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, by Andrew Blum \u2013 Spring 2000 \u2013 The Journal of Conflict Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.beyondintractability.org\/essay\/peacekeeping\/\" >Peacekeeping, by Julian Ouellet \u2013 Conflict Management Program at SAIS \u2013 September 2003 \u2013 Beyond Intractability<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ipu.org\/splz-e\/unga04\/peacekeeping.pdf\" >The Challenges of the Peacekeeping in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 19-20 October 2004 \u2013 2004 PARLIAMENTARY HEARING AT THE UNITED NATIONS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/2007\/02\/time-for-a-new-united-nations-peacekeeping-organization\" >Time for a New United Nations Peacekeeping Organization, by Brett D. Schaefer \u2013 February 13, 2007 \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/en\/publication-type\/commentary\/grignon-kroslak-the-problem-with-peacekeeping.aspx\" >The Problem with Peacekeeping, by Fran\u00e7ois Grignon and Daniela Kroslak \u2013 14 April 2008 \u2013 CrisisGroup.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/angola\/peacekeeping-successes-and-failures-africa\" >Peacekeeping successes and failures in Africa \u2013 29 April 2009 \u2013 ReliefWeb.int<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/p\/io\/rm\/2009\/126740.htm\" >Confronting New Challenges Facing the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations \u2013 Testimony: Susan E. Rice &#8211; Permanent Representative\u00a0to the United Nations\u00a0Opening Statement to the House Foreign Affairs Committee Washington, DC &#8211; July 29, 2009 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/1194136\/Critical_Analysis_of_United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Missions_in_Africa\" >Critical Analysis of the United Nations Peacekeeping Missions in Africa, by John Rabougi Ahere \u2013 R50\/75472\/2009<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toglobalist.org\/2012\/12\/the-challenges-of-un-peacekeeping-in-darfur\/\" >The Challenges of UN Peacekeeping in Darfur, by Sarah Mahmood \u2013 December 17, 2012 \u2013 The OXONIAN Globalist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/issues\/children\/\" >Children in Conflict \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/article\/avoiding-scourge-war-challenges-united-nations-peacekeeping\" >Avoiding the Scourge of War: The Challenges of the United Nations Peacekeeping, by Donald A. Hempson III \u2013 October 2011 \u2013 OSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2011\/02\/united-nations-urgent-problems-that-need-congressional-action\" >United Nations: Problems That Need Congressional Action, by Brett D. Schaefer \u2013 February 3, 2011 \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.idppcenter.com\/UN_Peacekeeping_Failures.pdf\" >UN Peacekeeping: Few Successes, Many Failures, Inherent Flaws, by Thomas W. Jacobson \u2013 March-April 2012 \u2013 International Diplomacy &amp; Public Policy Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thenewamerican.com\/world-news\/africa\/item\/16746-un-peacekeeping-troops-face-scandals-on-sex-crimes-corruption\" >UN Peacekeeping Troops Face Scandals on Sex Crimes, Corruption, by Alex Newman \u2013 Tuesday, 15 October 2013 \u2013 The New American<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unmultimedia.org\/radio\/english\/2013\/06\/secretary-general-highlights-three-major-challenges-facing-peacekeeping\/\" >Secretary-General highlights three major challenges facing peacekeeping \u2013 19 Jun 2013 \u2013 UNMultiMedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Relevant Reports on the UN Peacekeeping Operations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unrol.org\/files\/A_47_277.pdf\" >An Agenda for Peace: Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping \u2013 Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to the statement adopted by the Summit Meeting of the Security Council on 31 January 1992 \u2013 A\/47\/277 \u2013 S\/24111 \u2013 17 June 1992<\/a>, <em>or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/peacekeeping\/report-un-secretary-general-agenda-peace\/p23439\" >the same report, published on the website of Council on Foreign Relations<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ga\/search\/view_doc.asp?symbol=A\/55\/305\" >The Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations, a.k.a. the \u201c<strong><em>Brahimi Report<\/em><\/strong>\u201d \u2013 A\/55\/305 \u2013 S\/2000\/809<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>UN Peacekeeping Trainings, and Other Peace-related Learning Programs:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usaraf.army.mil\/documents_pdf\/READING_ROOM\/UNpeacekeepingTngMan.pdf\" >UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING TRAINING MANUAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unitar.org\/ptp\/\" >Peacekeeping Training Programme \u2013 UNITAR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.peaceopstraining.org\/\" >Peace Operations Training Institute: Expand your knowledge of UN peacekeeping and related subjects<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.peaceopstraining.org\/courses\/\" >Peacekeeper Training Courses &#8211; Peace Operations Training Institute<\/a>, <strong><em>and\/or<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cdn.peaceopstraining.org\/2013\/course_catalogue_2013.pdf\" >Peace Operations Training Institute: Study peace and humanitarian relief any place, any time<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.peaceopstraining.org\/cotipso\/\" >Certificate of Training in United Nations Peace Support Operations (COTIPSO) \u2013 Peace Operations Training Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unitar.org\/event\/elearning\" >UNITAR E-Learning Programs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.elearning.upeace.org\/certificates.cfm\" >University for Peace (of the United Nations) \u2013 UNPEACE ONLINE PROGRAMS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tpu\/\" >TRANSCEND Peace University Online Programs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle\" >Space Shuttle<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\" >NASA<\/a> launches <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/STS-26\" >STS-26<\/a>, the return to flight mission, after the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster\" >Space Shuttle <em>Challenger<\/em> disaster<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong>USSR releases US journalist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicholas_Daniloff\" >Nicholas Daniloff<\/a> confined on spy charges.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/national\/articles\/2008\/05\/16\/nicholas-daniloffs-exclusive-story-thirteen-days\" >Nicholas Daniloff\u2019s Exclusive Story; Thirteen Days in a KGB Prison \u2013 May 16, 2008 &#8211; USNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1986\/09\/09\/world\/man-in-the-news-the-bolsheviks-prisoner-nicholas-daniloff.html\" >MAN IN THE NEWS; THE BOLSHEVIKS\u2019 PRISONER: NICHOLOAS DANILOFF \u2013 September 9, 1986 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1986\/09\/30\/world\/the-daniloff-affair-4-tense-weeks.html\" >The Daniloff Affair: 4 Tense Weeks \u2013 September 30, 1986 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/1988-09-21\/news\/vw-2214_1_nicholas-daniloff\" >Back From the Cold War : Reporter Nick Daniloff Says His KGB Arrest Probably Wouldn\u2019t Happen Under <em>Glasonost <\/em>, by Elizabeth Mehren \u2013 September 21, 1988 \u2013 Los Angeles Times \u2013 LATimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_Tylenol_murders\" >Chicago Tylenol murders<\/a> begin when the first of seven individuals dies in metropolitan Chicago.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_John_Paul_II\" >Pope John Paul II<\/a> becomes the first pope to visit <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Ireland\" >Ireland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/~richards\/my_papers\/khalturin_NZ_1-42%20.pdf\" >A Review of the Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955 \u2013 1990, by Vitaly I. Khalturin, Tatyana G. Rautian, Paul G. Richards, and William S. Leith \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WGPR\" >WGPR<\/a> in Detroit, Michigan, becomes the world&#8217;s first black-owned-and-operated television station.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Japan_relations\" >China\u2013Japan relations<\/a>: Japan establishes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diplomatic_relations\" >diplomatic relations<\/a> with the People&#8217;s Republic of China after breaking official ties with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_China\" >Republic of China<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oman\" >Oman<\/a> joins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arab_League\" >Arab League<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Arab League:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Arab-League\" >Arab League \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/arab-league.html\" >Arab League \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/geography.about.com\/od\/middleeastmaps\/a\/The-Arab-League.htm\" >The Arab League \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arableagueonline.org\/\" >ARAB LEAGUE ONLINE \u2013 AN INDEPENDENT VIEW OF THE ARAB WORLD<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/arab-league\/p25967\" >The Arab League \u2013 Council of Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arableague.org\/\" >Arab League \u2013 ArabLeague.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Member_states_of_the_Arab_League\" >Member states of the Arab League \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Oman:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/mu.html\" >Oman \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Oman\" >Oman \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/oman.html\" >Oman \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/persian-gulf-states\/45.htm\" >Oman \u2013 Persian Gulf States \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-14654150\" >Oman \u2013 Country profile \u2013 Overview &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Oman:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Oman\" >Foreign relations of Oman \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/persian-gulf-states\/67.htm\" >Oman \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 Persian Gulf States \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/self.gutenberg.org\/articles\/Foreign_relations_of_Oman\" >FOREIGN RELATINS OF OMAN \u2013 Self.Gutenberg.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_briefs\/RB2501\/index1.html\" >Oman: A Unique Foreign Policy \u2013 Rand.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Oman:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Oman\" >History of Oman \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad54\" >HISTORY OF OMAN \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/oman\/history\" >Oman \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/omansultanate.com\/history.htm\" >SULTANATE of OMAN \u2013 OmanSultanate.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.omaninfo.com\/oman\/history.asp\" >The history of Oman \u2013 OmanInfo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-14654492\" >Oman profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of Oman:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Oman\" >Economy of Oman \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/omansultanate.com\/economy.htm\" >Oman Sultanate Economy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.meepas.com\/Omanemergingeconomy.htm\" >Oman \u2013 The Arab World\u2019s Emerging Economy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/finances.worldbank.org\/en\/countries\/Oman\" >Country Summary: Oman \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/oman\" >Oman \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>The second period of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Vatican_Council\" >Second Vatican Council<\/a> opens.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alouette_1\" >Alouette 1<\/a>,<\/em> the first Canadian <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satellite\" >satellite<\/a>, is launched.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikita_Khrushchev\" >Nikita Khrushchev<\/a>, leader of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>, disrupts a meeting of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_General_Assembly\" >United Nations General Assembly<\/a> with a number of angry outbursts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong>Twenty MCi (740 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Petabecquerel\" >petabecquerels<\/a>) of radioactive material is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kyshtym_disaster\" >released<\/a> in an explosion at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mayak\" >Mayak<\/a> nuclear plant at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chelyabinsk\" >Chelyabinsk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong>The convention establishing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CERN\" >CERN<\/a> (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) is signed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong>US government gives France $385 million for combat in Indo-China.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mtholyoke.edu\/acad\/intrel\/pentagon\/pent9.htm\" >The Pentagon Papers \u2013 Gravel Edition \u2013 AID FOR FRANCE IN INDOCHINA 1950-1953<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_foreign_aid#Usage_of_Money_for_Support\" >United States foreign aid &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Party_of_China\" >Communist Party of China<\/a> writes the Common Programme for the future People&#8217;s Republic of China.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>Soviet troops invade Yugoslavia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Holocaust\" >Holocaust<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiev\" >Kiev<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>: German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Einsatzgruppe_C\" >Einsatzgruppe C<\/a> begins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Babyn_Yar\" >Babi Yar<\/a> massacre, according to the Einsatzgruppen operational situation report.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>Two <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_Anson\" >Avro Ansons<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/No._2_Service_Flying_Training_School_RAAF\" >No. 2 Service Flying Training School RAAF<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1940_Brocklesby_mid-air_collision\" >collide in mid-air<\/a> over <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brocklesby,_New_South_Wales\" >Brocklesby, New South Wales<\/a>, Australia, remain locked together after colliding, and then land safely.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich_Agreement\" >Munich Agreement<\/a>: Germany is given permission from France, Italy, and Great Britain to seize the territory of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudetenland\" >Sudetenland<\/a>, Czechoslovakia. The meeting takes place in Munich, and leaders from neither the Soviet Union nor Czechoslovakia attend.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>See also<\/em> \u201c<strong>SEPTEMBER 30, <\/strong><strong>1938<\/strong> At 2:00 am, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >Britain<\/a>, France, Germany and Italy sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich_Agreement\" >Munich Agreement<\/a>, allowing Germany to occupy the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudetenland\" >Sudetenland<\/a> region of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czechoslovakia\" >Czechoslovakia<\/a>\u201d, <strong><em>and<\/em><\/strong> \u201c<strong>OCTOBER 1,<\/strong> <strong>1938 <\/strong>Germany annexes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudetenland\" >Sudetenland<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2db.com\/battle_spec.php?battle_id=87\" >Munich Conference and the Annexation of Sudetenland \u2013 29 September 1938 \u2013 10 October 1938, by C Peter Chen \u2013 World War II Database \u2013 WW2DB.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1932\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chaco_War\" >Chaco War<\/a>: Last day of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Boquer%C3%B3n\" >Battle of Boquer\u00f3n<\/a> between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paraguay\" >Paraguay<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bolivia\" >Bolivia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1923\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Mandate_for_Palestine_%28legal_instrument%29\" >British Mandate for Palestine<\/a> takes effect, creating <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mandatory_Palestine\" >Mandatory Palestine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_St._Quentin_Canal\" >Battle of St. Quentin Canal<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hindenburg_Line\" >Hindenburg Line<\/a> is broken by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_I\" >Allied<\/a> forces. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgaria\" >Bulgaria<\/a> signs an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armistice\" >armistice<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong>Italy declares <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italo-Turkish_War\" >war<\/a> on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1907\u00a0 <\/strong>The cornerstone is laid at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_National_Cathedral\" >Washington National Cathedral<\/a> in the U.S. capital.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1885\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blackpool_tramway\" >practical public electric<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tram\" >tramway<\/a> in the world is opened in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blackpool\" >Blackpool<\/a>, England.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1864\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Civil_War\" >American Civil War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Chaffin%27s_Farm\" >Battle of Chaffin&#8217;s Farm<\/a> is fought.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1850\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roman_Catholic\" >Roman Catholic<\/a> hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_Pius_IX\" >Pope Pius IX<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1848\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_P%C3%A1kozd\" >Battle of P\u00e1kozd<\/a>: Stalemate between Hungarian and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croatia\" >Croatian<\/a> forces at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P%C3%A1kozd\" >P\u00e1kozd<\/a>; the first battle of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848\" >Hungarian Revolution of 1848<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1798\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1st_United_States_Congress\" >1st United States Congress<\/a> adjourns.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1789\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_War\" >United States Department of War<\/a> first establishes a regular <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army\" >army<\/a> with a strength of several hundred men.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>SEPTEMBER 30<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009_Sumatra_earthquakes\" >2009 Sumatra earthquakes<\/a> occur, killing over 1,115 people.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy\" >controversial drawings of Muhammad<\/a> are printed in the Danish newspaper <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jyllands-Posten\" >Jyllands-Posten<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AIM-54_Phoenix\" >AIM-54 Phoenix<\/a>, the primary missile for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F-14_Tomcat\" >F-14 Tomcat<\/a>, is retired from service. Almost two years later, the Tomcat is retired.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>The first images of a live <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giant_squid\" >giant squid<\/a> in its natural habitat are taken 600 miles south of Tokyo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>Japan&#8217;s second-worst nuclear accident at a uranium reprocessing facility in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%C5%8Dkai,_Ibaraki\" >T\u014dkai-mura<\/a>, northeast of Tokyo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congress\" >United States Congress<\/a> passes an Amendment that bans the possession of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Firearm\" >firearms<\/a> for people who were convicted of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domestic_violence\" >domestic violence<\/a>, even <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Misdemeanor\" >misdemeanor<\/a> level.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong>An earthquake hits India&#8217;s Latur and Osmanabad district of Marathwada (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aurangabad_district,_Maharashtra\" >Aurangabad<\/a> division) in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maharashtra\" >Maharashtra<\/a> state leaving tens of thousands of people dead and many more homeless.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/14th_Dalai_Lama\" >Dalai Lama<\/a> unveils the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_Tribute_to_Human_Rights\" >Canadian Tribute to Human Rights<\/a> in Canada&#8217;s capital city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottawa\" >Ottawa<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mordechai_Vanunu\" >Mordechai Vanunu<\/a>, who revealed details of Israel&#8217;s covert nuclear program to British media, is kidnapped in Rome, Italy by the Israeli <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mossad\" >Mossad<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyanide\" >Cyanide<\/a>-laced <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tylenol_%28brand%29\" >Tylenol<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_Tylenol_murders\" >kills six people<\/a> in the Chicago area. Seven are killed in all.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethernet\" >Ethernet<\/a> specifications are published by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xerox\" >Xerox<\/a> working with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intel\" >Intel<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_Equipment_Corporation\" >Digital Equipment Corporation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/~richards\/my_papers\/khalturin_NZ_1-42%20.pdf\" >A Review of the Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955 \u2013 1990, by Vitaly I. Khalturin, Tatyana G. Rautian, Paul G. Richards, and William S. Leith \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>Because of US budget cuts and dwindling power reserves, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo\" >Apollo<\/a> program&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ALSEP\" >ALSEP<\/a> experiment packages left on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moon\" >Moon<\/a> are shut down.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hughes_Helicopters\" >Hughes<\/a> (later <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McDonnell_Douglas\" >McDonnell Douglas<\/a>, now <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing\" >Boeing<\/a>) <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AH-64_Apache\" >AH-64 Apache<\/a> makes its first flight.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roberto_Clemente\" >Roberto Clemente<\/a> records the 3,000th and final hit of his career.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jordan\" >Jordan<\/a> makes a deal with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine\" >Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine<\/a> (PFLP) for the release of the remaining hostages from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dawson%27s_Field_hijackings\" >Dawson&#8217;s Field hijackings<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>The British <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protectorate\" >protectorate<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bechuanaland_Protectorate\" >Bechuanaland<\/a> declares its independence, and becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Botswana\" >Republic of Botswana<\/a>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seretse_Khama\" >Seretse Khama<\/a> takes office as the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heads_of_state_of_Botswana\" >President<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/30_September_Movement\" >30 September Movement<\/a> attempts a <em>coup<\/em> against the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" >Indonesian<\/a> government, which is crushed by the military under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suharto\" >Suharto<\/a> and leads to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesian_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366\" >a mass anti-communist purge<\/a>, with over 500,000 people killed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Meredith\" >James Meredith<\/a> enters the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Mississippi\" >University of Mississippi<\/a>, defying <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racial_segregation\" >segregation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexican-American\" >Mexican-American<\/a> labor leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%A9sar_Ch%C3%A1vez\" >C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez<\/a> founds the National Farm Workers Association, which later becomes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Farm_Workers\" >United Farm Workers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/~richards\/my_papers\/khalturin_NZ_1-42%20.pdf\" >A Review of the Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955 \u2013 1990, by Vitaly I. Khalturin, Tatyana G. Rautian, Paul G. Richards, and William S. Leith \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong>Film star <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Dean\" >James Dean<\/a> dies in a road accident aged 24.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong>The US Navy submarine <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Nautilus_%28SSN-571%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Nautilus<\/em><\/a> is commissioned as the world&#8217;s first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_reactor\" >nuclear reactor<\/a> powered vessel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin_Airlift\" >Berlin Airlift<\/a> ends.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yemen\" >Yemen<\/a> join the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy\" >United States Merchant Marine Academy<\/a> (USMMA) at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kings_Point,_New_York\" >Kings Point, New York<\/a> was dedicated by President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Holocaust\" >Holocaust<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiev\" >Kiev<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine\" >Ukraine<\/a>: German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Einsatzgruppe_C\" >Einsatzgruppe C<\/a> complete <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Babi_Yar\" >Babi Yar<\/a> massacre.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong>General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski\" >W\u0142adys\u0142aw Sikorski<\/a> becomes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commander-in-chief\" >commander-in-chief<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poland\" >Polish Government<\/a> in exile.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/League_of_Nations\" >League of Nations<\/a> unanimously outlaws &#8220;intentional bombings of civilian populations&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong>At 2:00 am, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >Britain<\/a>, France, Germany and Italy sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich_Agreement\" >Munich Agreement<\/a>, allowing Germany to occupy the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudetenland\" >Sudetenland<\/a> region of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czechoslovakia\" >Czechoslovakia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>See also<\/em> \u201c<strong>SEPTEMBER 29, <\/strong><strong>1938 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich_Agreement\" >Munich Agreement<\/a>: Germany is given permission from France, Italy, and Great Britain to seize the territory of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudetenland\" >Sudetenland<\/a>, Czechoslovakia. The meeting takes place in Munich, and leaders from neither the Soviet Union nor Czechoslovakia attend\u201d, <strong><em>and<\/em><\/strong> \u201c<strong>OCTOBER 1, <\/strong><strong>1938 <\/strong>Germany annexes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudetenland\" >Sudetenland<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/airminded.org\/archives\/sudeten-crisis\/\" >The Sudeten crisis, 1938 \u2013 AirMinded.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/world-war-two\/resistance-movements\/czechoslovakia-resistance\/\" >Czechoslovakia resistance \u2013 HistoryLearningSite.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/userpages.umbc.edu\/~nmiller\/POLI388\/SUMMARIES\/STUART.htm\" >\u201c<em>The Munich Crisis was one of the many waypoints along the road to World War II. This Crisis began when Nazi Germany demanded the annexation of the Sudetenland, the Czech territory bordering Germany<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Executive Summary: The Munich Crisis \u2013 UMBC.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/dr-charles-g-cogan\/crimea-sudetenland_b_4892893.html\" >The Current Crisis: It Takes Me Back to the Sudetenland, 1938, by Dr. Charles G. Cogan \u2013 posted 03\/04\/2014; updated 05\/04\/2014 \u2013 The World Post \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/topics\/sudetenland\" >Sudetenland Timeline \u2013 Sep 30 1938 \u2013 Munich Agreement \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1935\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hoover_Dam\" >Hoover Dam<\/a>, astride the border between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._state\" >US states<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arizona\" >Arizona<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada\" >Nevada<\/a>, is dedicated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1931 <\/strong>Start of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voortrekkers_%28youth_organisation%29\" >&#8220;Die Voortrekkers&#8221;<\/a> youth movement for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afrikaner\" >Afrikaners<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloemfontein\" >Bloemfontein<\/a>, South Africa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Babe_Ruth\" >Babe Ruth<\/a> becomes the first baseball player to hit 60 home runs in a season.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1915\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbian_Army\" >Serbian Army<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Private_%28rank%29\" >private<\/a> becomes the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-aircraft_warfare\" >ground-to-air<\/a> fire.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1907\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McKinley_National_Memorial\" >McKinley National Memorial<\/a>, the final resting place of assassinated U.S. President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_McKinley\" >William McKinley<\/a> and his family, is dedicated in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canton,_Ohio\" >Canton, Ohio<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Galician_Academy\" >Royal Galician Academy<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galician_language\" >Galician language<\/a>&#8216;s biggest linguistic authority, starts working in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Havana\" >Havana<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1903\u00a0 <\/strong>The new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gresham%27s_School\" >Gresham&#8217;s School<\/a> is officially opened by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evelyn_Wood_%28British_Army_officer%29\" >Field Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1895\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madagascar\" >Madagascar<\/a> becomes a French protectorate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1888\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jack_the_Ripper\" >Jack the Ripper<\/a> kills his third and fourth victims, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elizabeth_Stride\" >Elizabeth Stride<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catherine_Eddowes\" >Catherine Eddowes<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1882\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Edison\" >Thomas Edison<\/a>&#8216;s first commercial <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydroelectric\" >hydroelectric<\/a> power plant (later known as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vulcan_Street_Plant\" >Appleton Edison Light Company<\/a>) begins operation on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fox_River_%28Wisconsin%29\" >Fox River<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Appleton,_Wisconsin\" >Appleton<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wisconsin\" >Wisconsin<\/a>, United States.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1813\u00a0 <\/strong>Battle of B\u00e1rbula: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar\" >Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar<\/a> defeats <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Santiago_Bobadilla\" >Santiago Bobadilla<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1791\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Constituent_Assembly\" >National Constituent Assembly<\/a> in Paris is dissolved; Parisians hail <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maximilien_Robespierre\" >Maximilien Robespierre<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_P%C3%A9tion\" >J\u00e9r\u00f4me P\u00e9tion<\/a> as &#8220;incorruptible patriots&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1791\u00a0 <\/strong>The first performance of <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Magic_Flute\" >The Magic Flute<\/a><\/em>, the last opera by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart\" >Mozart<\/a> to make its debut, took place at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freihaus-Theater_auf_der_Wieden\" >Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vienna\" >Vienna<\/a>, Austria.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1744\u00a0 <\/strong>France and Spain defeat the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Sardinia\" >Kingdom of Sardinia<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Madonna_dell%27Olmo\" >Battle of Madonna dell&#8217;Olmo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>OCTOBER 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_government_of_the_United_States\" >US federal government<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_federal_government_shutdown_of_2013\" >shuts down<\/a> non-essential services after it is unable to pass a budget measure.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_debt-ceiling_crisis_of_2013\" >United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2013 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/archives\/2014\/jan\/09\/financial-crisis-why-no-executive-prosecutions\/\" >The Financial Crisis: Why Have No High-Level Executives Been Prosecuted? ,by Jed S. Rakoff \u2013 January 6, 2014 issue &#8211; The New York Review of Books \u2013 NYBooks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palau\" >Palau<\/a> gains independence from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council\" >trusteeship<\/a> administered by the United States of America).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Dubrovnik\" >Siege of Dubrovnik<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1889\u00a0 <\/strong>Denmark introduces the world&#8217;s first legal modern same-sex <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civil_union\" >civil union<\/a> called &#8220;registered partnership&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1987_Whittier_Narrows_earthquake\" >Whittier Narrows earthquake<\/a> shakes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Gabriel_Valley\" >San Gabriel Valley<\/a>, registering as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richter_magnitude_scale\" >magnitude<\/a> 5.9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli_Air_Force\" >Israeli Air Force<\/a> bombs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestine_Liberation_Organization\" >Palestine Liberation Organization<\/a> Headquarters in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunis\" >Tunis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sony\" >Sony<\/a> launches the first consumer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compact_disc\" >compact disc<\/a> player (model <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sony_CDP-101\" >CDP-101<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helmut_Kohl\" >Helmut Kohl<\/a> replaces <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helmut_Schmidt\" >Helmut Schmidt<\/a> as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chancellor_of_Germany_%28Federal_Republic%29\" >Chancellor of Germany<\/a> through a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constructive_vote_of_no_confidence\" >constructive vote of no confidence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>USSR performs underground nuclear test.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/~richards\/my_papers\/khalturin_NZ_1-42%20.pdf\" >A Review of the Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955 \u2013 1990, by Vitaly I. Khalturin, Tatyana G. Rautian, Paul G. Richards, and William S. Leith \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>The United States returns sovereignty of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama_Canal\" >Panama Canal<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama\" >Panama<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_John_Paul_II\" >Pope John Paul II<\/a> begins his first pastoral visit to the United States.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voltaic_Revolutionary_Communist_Party\" >Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuvalu\" >Tuvalu<\/a> gains independence from the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thrilla_in_Manila\" >Thrilla in Manila<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Ali\" >Muhammad Ali<\/a> defeats <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joe_Frazier\" >Joe Frazier<\/a> in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boxing\" >boxing<\/a> match in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manila\" >Manila<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seychelles\" >Seychelles<\/a> gain internal self-government. The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ellice_Islands\" >Ellice Islands<\/a> split from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gilbert_Islands\" >Gilbert Islands<\/a> and take the name Tuvalu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Seychelles:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ciaworldfactbook.us\/africa\/seychelles.html\" >Seychelles \u2013 The World Factbook &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Seychelles\" >Seychelles \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/seychelles.html\" >Seychelles \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/seychelles.htm\" >Seychelles \u2013 NationsOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Seychelles:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Seychelles\" >Foreign relations of Seychelles \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/seychelles\/30.htm\" >FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 Seychelles \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/6268.htm\" >US Relations With Seychelles \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Seychelles:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Seychelles\" >History of Seychelles \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/seychelles-history.html\" >Seychelles \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/seychelles\/p\/SeychellesHist1.htm\" >A Brief History of Seychelles \u2013 Part 1 \u2013 About.com<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/seychelles\/p\/SeychellesHist2.htm\" >Part 2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.seychelles.org\/seychelles-info\/history-seychelles\" >The History of The Seychelles \u2013 Seychelles.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of Seychelles:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Seychelles\" >Economy of Seychelles \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/seychelles\" >Seychelles \u2013 The Heritage Foundation \u2013 Heritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/seychelles\" >Seychelles \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/seychelles\" >Seychelles \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong>The first brain-scan using <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X-ray_computed_tomography\" >x-ray computed tomography<\/a> (CT or CAT scan) is performed at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atkinson_Morley_Hospital\" >Atkinson Morley Hospital<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wimbledon,_London\" >Wimbledon, London<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Concorde\" >Concorde<\/a> breaks the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sound_barrier\" >sound barrier<\/a> for the first time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guyana\" >Guyanese<\/a> government takes over the British Guiana Broadcasting Service (BGBS).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong>General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suharto\" >Suharto<\/a> puts down an apparent coup attempt by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/30_September_Movement\" >30 September Movement<\/a> in Indonesia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong>Japanese <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shinkansen\" >Shinkansen<\/a><\/em> (&#8220;bullet trains&#8221;) begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osaka\" >Osaka<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%C5%8Dkaid%C5%8D_Shinkansen\" >Tokaid\u014d Shinkansen \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ethw.org\/Milestones:Tokaido_Shinkansen_%28Bullet_Train%29,_1964\" >Milestones: Tokaido Shinkansen (Bullet Train), 1964<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.railway-technology.com\/projects\/shinkansen\" >Shinkansen, Japan \u2013 Railway-Technology.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/english.kyodonews.jp\/photos\/2015\/08\/368627.html\" >Shinkansen bullet train in 1964, photograph<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_Speech_Movement\" >Free Speech Movement<\/a> is launched on the campus of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_California,_Berkeley\" >University of California, Berkeley<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong>UN gives Netherlands control of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Guinea\" >New Guinea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>United Nations Security Force (UNSF) and United Nations Temporary Security Authority (UNTEA):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/missions\/past\/unsfbackgr.html\" >West New Guinea \u2013 UNSF: Background \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Agreement\" >New York Agreement &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>New Guinea:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/New-Guinea\" >New Guinea \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/New_Guinea\" >New Guinea \u2013 New World Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of New Guinea:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.howstuffworks.com\/asian-history\/history-of-new-guinea.htm\" >History of New Guinea \u2013 HowStuffWorks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/vanderheijden.org\/ng\/history.html\" >History of Netherlands New Guinea<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>The United States <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Defense_Intelligence_Agency\" >Defense Intelligence Agency<\/a> (DIA) is formed, becoming the country&#8217;s first centralized military espionage organization.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria<\/a> gains independence from the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Nigeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ni.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/\" >Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/nigeria.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nigeriaworld.com\/\" >Nigeria \u2013 NigeriaWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/topics\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Nigeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Nigeria\" >Foreign relations of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/80.htm\" >Foreign Relations of Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/democratization\/nigeria\/p30819\" >Nigeria \u2013 Council of Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2836.htm\" >US Relations with Nigeria \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Nigeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Nigeria\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Nigeria\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/nigeria-history.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad41\" >HISTORY OF NIGERIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123independenceday.com\/nigeria\/history.html\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 123IndependenceDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/3.htm\" >History \u2013 Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.glpinc.org\/Classroom%20Activities\/Nigeria%20Articles\/Nigeria-history%20since%201960.htm\" >History of Nigeria since 1960 \u2013 GLPINC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nigeriaembassyusa.org\/index.php?page=nigeria-past-present-and-future\" >NIGERIA \u2013 PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE \u2013 NigeriaEmbassyUSA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Nigerian_history\" >Timeline of Nigerian history \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13951696\" >Nigeria profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/nigeria\/history\" >Nigeria \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of Nigeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Nigeria\" >Economy of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/52.htm\" >Nigeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/nigeria-economy.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123independenceday.com\/nigeria\/economy.html\" >Economy of Nigeria \u2013 123IndependenceDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afdb.org\/en\/countries\/west-africa\/nigeria\/nigeria-economic-outlook\/\" >Nigeria Economic Outlook \u2013 AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\" >NASA<\/a> is created to replace <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics\" >NACA<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong>First appearance of <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/In_God_we_trust\" >In God we trust<\/a><\/em> on US paper currency.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\" >People&#8217;s Republic of China<\/a> is established and declared by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mao_Zedong\" >Mao Zedong<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Mao Zedong:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mao-Zedong\" >Mao Zedong \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.biography.com\/people\/mao-tse-tung-9398142\" >Mao Tse-tung \u2013 Biography.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/people\/mao-zedong.html\" >Mao Zedong \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/historic_figures\/mao_zedong.shtml\" >Mao Zedong (1893-1976) \u2013 History &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>China:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ciaworldfactbook.us\/asia\/china.html\" >China \u2013 The World Factbook \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\" >China \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/china.html\" >China \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factmonster.com\/ipka\/A0107411.html\" >China \u2013 FactMonster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of China:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_China\" >Foreign relations of China &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/afe.easia.columbia.edu\/special\/china_1950_foreign_policy.htm\" >China\u2019s Foreign Policy: The Historical Challenge and the Current Challenge \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/china\/ri225\" >China \u2013 Council of Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fmprc.gov.cn\/eng\" >Ministry of Foreign Affairs of People\u2019s Republic of China<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/china\/us-relations-china-1949---present\/p17698\" >US-China Relations \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of China:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chaos.umd.edu\/history\/welcome.html\" >History of China \u2013 UMD.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Chinese_history\" >Timeline of Chinese history &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scholastic.com\/browse\/article.jsp?id=3749762\" >China: A Basic Timeline \u2013 Scholatic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/afe.easia.columbia.edu\/timelines\/china_modern_timeline.htm\" >Introduction to China\u2019s Modern History \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.quatr.us\/china\/history\/\" >Chinese History \u2013 Quatr.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-pacific-13017882\" >China profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of China:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_China\" >Economy of China \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/china-economy.html\" >China \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/china\" >China \u2013 The Heritage Foundation \u2013 Heritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinatravel.com\/facts\/china-economy.htm\" >China Economy \u2013 ChinaTravel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\" >China \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/china\" >China \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>US control of Haitian customs &amp; governmental revenue ends.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Haiti, and the United States:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Haiti\" >History of Haiti \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Haiti\" >History of Haiti \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/haiti-history.html\" >Haiti \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab41\" >HISTORY OF HAITI \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Haiti-history.htm\" >History of Haiti \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scholastic.com\/browse\/article.jsp?id=3753349\" >History of Haiti \u2013 Scholastic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haiti%E2%80%93United_States_relations\" >Haiti-United States relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1784-1800\/haitian-rev\" >The United States and the Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804 \u2013 Office of the Historian \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti\" >United States occupation of Haiti &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/travelinghaiti.com\/history_of_haiti\/united_states_occupation.asp\" >THE UNITED STATES OCCUPATION 1915-1935 \u2013 TravelingHaiti.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/haiti\/80.htm\" >HAITI \u2013 FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.socialstudiesforkids.com\/articles\/ushistory\/haitianrevolution1.htm\" >How Haiti Saved the United States<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/haiti\/corruption.htm\" >Haiti \u2013 Corruption \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/vjw\/haiti.html\" >Haiti \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Haitian_history\" >Timeline of Haitian history \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19548814\" >Haiti profile &#8211; Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_F-86_Sabre\" >North American F-86 Sabre<\/a> flies for the first time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mensa_International\" >Mensa International<\/a> is founded in the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daegu_October_Incident\" >Daegu October Incident<\/a> occurs in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army_Military_Government_in_Korea\" >Allied occupied Korea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazism\" >Nazi<\/a> leaders are sentenced at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuremberg_trials\" >Nuremberg trials<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naples\" >Naples<\/a> falls to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allied<\/a> soldiers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>First flight of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bell_Aircraft\" >Bell<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/XP-59\" >XP-59<\/a> &#8220;Aircomet&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Grouper_%28SS-214%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Grouper<\/em><\/a> torpedoes <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lisbon_Maru\" >Lisbon Maru<\/a><\/em> not knowing she is carrying British <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prisoner_of_war\" >PoWs<\/a> from Hong Kong<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pennsylvania_Turnpike\" >Pennsylvania Turnpike<\/a>, often considered the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superhighway\" >superhighway<\/a> in the United States, opens to traffic.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong>After a one-month <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Warsaw_%281939%29\" >Siege of Warsaw<\/a>, hostile Nazi forces enter the city.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong>Germany annexes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudetenland\" >Sudetenland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>See also<\/em> \u201c<strong>SEPTEMBER 30, <\/strong><strong>1938<\/strong> At 2:00 am, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >Britain<\/a>, France, Germany and Italy sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich_Agreement\" >Munich Agreement<\/a>, allowing Germany to occupy the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudetenland\" >Sudetenland<\/a> region of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czechoslovakia\" >Czechoslovakia<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/worldwarii\/p\/World-War-Ii-Munich-Agreement.htm\" >World War II: Munich Agreement \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munich_Agreement\" >Munich Agreement \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Munich-Agreement\" >Munich Agreement \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/2WWmunich.htm\" >Munich Agreement \u2013 Spartacus Educational<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francisco_Franco\" >Francisco Franco<\/a> is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1931\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spain\" >Spain<\/a> adopted <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women%27s_suffrage\" >women&#8217;s suffrage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1928\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> introduces its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_five-year_plan_%28Soviet_Union%29\" >First five-year plan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>Sir <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Percy_Cox\" >Percy Cox<\/a> lands in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basra\" >Basra<\/a> to assume his responsibilities as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High_Commissioner\" >High Commissioner<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arab\" >Arab<\/a> forces under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T._E._Lawrence\" >T. E. Lawrence<\/a>, also known as &#8220;Lawrence of Arabia&#8221;, capture <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Damascus\" >Damascus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1910\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles_Times_bombing\" >Los Angeles Times bombing<\/a>: A large bomb destroys the <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles_Times\" >Los Angeles Times<\/a><\/em> building in downtown <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles\" >Los Angeles<\/a>, killing 21.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1908\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ford_Motor_Company\" >Ford<\/a> puts the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ford_Model_T\" >Model T<\/a> car on the market at a price of US$825.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1905\u00a0 <\/strong>Franti\u0161ek Pavl\u00edk is killed in a demonstration in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prague\" >Prague<\/a>, inspiring <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek\" >Leo\u0161 Jan\u00e1\u010dek<\/a> to the piano composition <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1._X._1905\" >1. X. 1905<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>YouTube videos of the piano composition 1. X. 1905:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jW5fRySjgq4\" >(1)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GaFwrivnHDs\" >(2)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Lhxq5G1sEYk\" >(3)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=u1ufRd1Eaw4\" >(4)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vienna_University_of_Economics_and_Business_Administration\" >Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration<\/a> is founded under the name <em>k.u.k. Exportakademie<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1891\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California\" >California<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stanford_University\" >Stanford University<\/a> opens its doors.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1890\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yosemite_National_Park\" >Yosemite National Park<\/a> is established by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congress\" >U.S. Congress<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1887\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balochistan\" >Balochistan<\/a> is conquered by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Empire\" >British Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1880\u00a0 <\/strong>First electric lamp factory is opened by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Edison\" >Thomas Edison<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1854\u00a0 <\/strong>The watch company founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1850\" >1850<\/a> in Roxbury by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aaron_Lufkin_Dennison\" >Aaron Lufkin Dennison<\/a> relocates to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Waltham,_Massachusetts\" >Waltham, Massachusetts<\/a>, to become the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Waltham_Watch_Company\" >Waltham Watch Company<\/a>, a pioneer in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_system_of_watch_manufacturing\" >American system of watch manufacturing<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1847\u00a0 <\/strong>German inventor and industrialist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Werner_von_Siemens\" >Werner von Siemens<\/a> founds <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siemens_AG\" >Siemens AG<\/a> &amp; Halske.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1829\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_College\" >South African College<\/a> is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Town\" >Cape Town<\/a>, South Africa; it will later separate into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Cape_Town\" >University of Cape Town<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_College_Schools\" >South African College Schools<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1827\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russo-Persian_War_%281826%E2%80%9328%29\" >Russo-Persian War<\/a>: The Russian army under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Paskevich\" >Ivan Paskevich<\/a> storms <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yerevan\" >Yerevan<\/a>, ending a millennium of Muslim domination in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armenia\" >Armenia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1814\u00a0 <\/strong>Opening of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congress_of_Vienna\" >Congress of Vienna<\/a>, intended to redraw Europe&#8217;s political map after the defeat of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napol%C3%A9on\" >Napol\u00e9on<\/a> the previous spring.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>OCTOBER 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roh_Moo-hyun\" >Roh Moo-hyun<\/a> of South Korea walks across the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_Demarcation_Line\" >Military Demarcation Line<\/a> into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea\" >North Korea<\/a> on his way to the second <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inter-Korean_Summit\" >Inter-Korean Summit<\/a> with North Korean leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Jong-il\" >Kim Jong-il<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO\" >NATO<\/a> backs U.S. military strikes following <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/9\/11\" >9\/11<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amsterdam_Treaty\" >Amsterdam Treaty<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union\" >European Union<\/a> is signed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freedom_of_Information_Act_%28United_States%29\" >Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments<\/a> are signed by US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Clinton\" >Bill Clinton<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carandiru_massacre\" >Carandiru massacre<\/a> takes place after a riot in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carandiru_Penitentiary\" >Carandiru Penitentiary<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%A3o_Paulo\" >S\u00e3o Paulo<\/a>, Brazil.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Myers_%28politician%29\" >Michael Myers<\/a> becomes the first member of either chamber of Congress to be <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Expulsion_from_the_United_States_Congress\" >expelled<\/a> since the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Civil_War\" >Civil War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_John_Paul_II\" >Pope John Paul II<\/a> denounces all forms of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Concentration_camp\" >concentration camps<\/a> and torture while speaking at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.N.\" >U.N.<\/a> in New York City.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >underground nuclear test<\/a> at Amchitka Island Aleutians.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Weapons Testing:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >Underground nuclear weapons testing \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.earthmagazine.org\/article\/satellites-can-detect-underground-nuclear-explosions\" >Satellite can detect underground nuclear explosions \u2013 EarthMagazine.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests\" >List of nuclear weapons tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Nuclear Weapons Testing at Amchitka Island:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/military.wikia.com\/wiki\/Amchitka\" >Amchitka \u2013 Military \u2013 Wikia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/arcticcircle.uconn.edu\/SEEJ\/amchitka\/\" >Cannikin Atomic Test at Amchitka Island, Alaska &#8211; The Untold Story<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ims.uaf.edu\/research\/johnson\/amchitka\/history.html\" >Amchitka Island and Nuclear Weapons Testing \u2013 UAF.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dec.alaska.gov\/air\/am\/rad\/amchitka.htm\" >Former Amchitka Underground Test Site \u2013 Environmental Radiation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everything2.com\/title\/Amchitka+Nuclear+Tests\" >Amchitka Nuclear Tests \u2013 Everything2.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/en\/about\/history\/amchitka-hunter\/\" >Amchitka &#8211; the founding voyage \u2013 GreemPeace.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/americablog.com\/2013\/01\/video-of-underground-nuclear-test-that-led-to-the-creation-of-greenpeace.html\" >Video of underground nuclear test that led to the creation of Greenpeace \u2013 AmericaBlog.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/Canadians%20campaign%20against%20nuclear%20testing%20on%20Amchitka%20Island%20(Don\u2019t%20Make%20a%20Wave),%201969-1971\">Canadians campaign against nuclear testing on Amchitka Island (Don\u2019t Make a Wave), 1969-1971 \u2013 Swarthmore.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osti.gov\/scitech\/biblio\/758915\" >Amchitka Island, Alaska, special sampling project 1997 \u2013 SciTech Connect \u2013 Osti.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/249097799_Amchitka_and_the_Bomb_Nuclear_Testing_in_Alaska\" >Amchitka and the Bomb: Nuclear Testing in Alaska, by Douglas Dasher \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ualberta.ca\/~unsworth\/UA-classes\/210\/notes210\/C\/210C2.5-2008.pdf\" >Nuclear explosions &#8211; C2.5 Seismic detection \u2013 <em>Geophysics 210 October 2008<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong>A peaceful student demonstration in Mexico City culminates in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tlatelolco_massacre\" >Tlatelolco massacre<\/a> by the order of the president, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustavo_D%C3%ADaz_Ordaz\" >Gustavo D\u00edaz Ordaz<\/a>, to the soldiers of killing unarmed students, hiding the event from the public eye. The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1968_Summer_Olympics\" >1968 Summer Olympics<\/a>, hosted in Mexico City, started ten days after the massacre.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thurgood_Marshall\" >Thurgood Marshall<\/a> is sworn in as the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African-American\" >African-American<\/a> justice of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States\" >United States Supreme Court<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/~richards\/my_papers\/khalturin_NZ_1-42%20.pdf\" >A Review of the Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955 \u2013 1990, by Vitaly I. Khalturin, Tatyana G. Rautian, Paul G. Richards, and William S. Leith \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guinea\" >Guinea<\/a> declares its independence from France.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Guinea:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ciaworldfactbook.us\/africa\/guinea.html\" >Guinea \u2013 The World Factbook &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Guinea\" >Guinea \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/guinea.html\" >Guinea \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/guinea.htm\" >Republic of Guinea | R\u00e9publique de Guinee \u2013 NationsOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/webimage\/countrys\/africa\/gn.htm\" >Guinea \u2013 WorldAtlas.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13442051\" >Guinea profile \u2013 Overview &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Independence of Guinea:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guinean_constitutional_referendum,_1958\" >Guinean constitutional referendum, 1958 &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/the-cold-war-comes-to-africa-as-guinea-gains-its-independence\" >Oct 02, 1958 THIS DAY IN HISTORY: The Cold War comes to Africa, as Guinea gains its independence \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/aglobalworld.com\/holidays-around-the-world\/guinea-independence-day\/\" >GUINEA INDEPENDENCE DAY: OCTOBER 2 \u2013 AGlobalWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/books\/9780821442562\" >\u201c<em>In September 1958, the French territory of Guinea claimed its independence. In a defiant \u201cNo\u201d to France, the Guinean people, through a popular referen-dum, decisively rejected a constitution that would have relegated their country to junior partnership in a new French Community<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Introduction &#8211; <em>Cold War and Decolonization in Guinea, 1946-1958<\/em>, by Elizabeth Schmidt \u2013 JHU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/tspace.library.utoronto.ca\/bitstream\/1807\/19287\/1\/MacDonald_Mairi_S_200911_PhD_Thesis.pdf\" >THE CHALLENGE OF GUIENEAN INDEPENDENCE 1958-1971, by Mairi Stewart MacDonald \u2013 Utoronto.ca<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Guinea:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Guinea\" >Foreign relations of Guinea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/historicaldocuments\/frus1958-60v14\/ch6\" >Guinea and the United States: US Recognition of Guinea; US Relations With Guinea; President Tour\u00e9\u2019s Visit to the United States \u2013 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958-1960, Africa, Volume XIV \u2013 Office of the Historian \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/guinea\/ri188\" >Guinea \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/eeas.europa.eu\/guinea\/index_en.htm\" >EU Relations with Guinea \u2013 Europa.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Guinea:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Guinea\" >History of Guinea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Guinea\" >\u201c<strong><em>French Guinea<\/em><\/strong><em> (French: Guin\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise) was a French colonial possession in West Africa. Its borders, while changed over time, were in 1958 those of the independent nation of Guinea<\/em>.\u201d &#8211; French Guinea &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/guinea\/p\/GuineaHist1.htm\" >A Brief History of Guinea \u2013 Part 1 \u2013 About.com<\/a>, <strong><em>and<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/guinea\/p\/GuineaHist2.htm\" >Part 2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad15\" >HISTORY OF GUINEA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/guinea-country-africa-history.html\" >Guinea \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/guinea\/history\" >Guinea \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13443183\" >Guinea profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of Guinea:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Guinea\" >Economy of Guinea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/guinea\" >Guinea \u2013 Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/guinea\" >Guinea \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/guinea\" >Guinea \u2013 Data &#8211; THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Human Rights Issues of Guinea:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights_in_Guinea\" >Human rights in Guinea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/africa\/guinea\" >Guinea \u2013 Human Rights Watch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/our-work\/countries\/africa\/guinea\" >Guinea Human Rights \u2013 Amnesty International<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/countries\/AfricaRegion\/Pages\/GNIndex.aspx\" >Guinea \u2013 UN Office for High Commissioner for Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.claiminghumanrights.org\/guinea.html\" >\u201c<em>The Republic of Guinea is a member of the United Nations and the African Union. It has ratified many UN Human Rights Conventions (compare list on the right) and thus has made binding international commitments to adhere to the standards laid down in these universal human rights documents<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Claiming Human Rights \u2013 in Guinea \u2013 ClaimingHumanRights.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>For some more relevant information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1961\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: German troops end the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw_Uprising\" >Warsaw Uprising<\/a>, by killing 250,000 people.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Warsaw Uprising:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/warsaw-uprising-ends\" >OCT 2, 1944: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Warsaw uprising ends \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/info-poland.buffalo.edu\/classroom\/pajak.html\" >The Warsaw Uprising: August 1, 1944 \u2013 October 2, 1944, by Lukasz Pajewski \u2013 Buffalo.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Warsaw-Uprising\" >\u201c<em>Warsaw Uprising (August-October 1944), insurrection in Warsaw during World War II by which Poles unsuccessfully tried to oust the German army and seize control of the city before it was occupied by the advancing Soviet army<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/august-1-1944-the-warsaw-uprising\/\" >August 1, 1944: The Warsaw uprising: \u201cThe democratic and progressive character of this struggle is testimony to the spirit prevailing in Poland today.\u201d By Richard Kreitner \u2013 The Nation \u2013 TheNation.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/info-poland.buffalo.edu\/web\/history\/WWII\/powstanie\/link.shtml\" >Warsaw Uprising \u2013 1944 \u2013 Baffalo.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.local-life.com\/warsaw\/articles\/warsaw-1944-uprising\" >\u201c<em>In the two month struggle 18,000 Home Army soldiers died and 12,000 were wounded with the survivors either sent to German POW camps or managing to go into hiding. A staggering 250,000 civilians were killed during the Uprising<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Warsaw Rises! \u2013 Local Life \u2013 Local-Life.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/warsawuprising.com\/\" >WARSAW UPRISING \u2013 WarsawUprising.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/warsawrising-thefilm.com\/\" >WARSAW UPRISING \u2013 THE FILM &#8211; 87 MINUTES OF TRUTH \u2013 WarsawRising-TheFilm.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.warsawuprising.com\/timeline.htm\" >Timeline \u2013 WARSAW UPRSING AUGUST 1 \u2013 OCTOBER 2, 1944 \u2013 WarsawUprising.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Ocean Liner <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RMS_Queen_Mary\" >RMS\u00a0<em>Queen Mary<\/em><\/a> accidentally rams and sinks her own escort ship, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Curacoa_%28D41%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Curacoa<\/em><\/a>, off the coast of Ireland.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Typhoon\" >Operation Typhoon<\/a>, Germany begins an all-out offensive against Moscow.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1937\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominican_Republic\" >Dominican Republic<\/a> strongman <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rafael_Trujillo\" >Rafael Trujillo<\/a> orders the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parsley_Massacre\" >execution of the Haitian population<\/a> living within the borderlands; approximately 20,000 are killed over the next five days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1928\u00a0 <\/strong>The &#8220;Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God&#8221;, commonly known as <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Opus_Dei\" >Opus Dei<\/a><\/em>, is founded by Saint <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josemar%C3%ADa_Escriv%C3%A1\" >Josemar\u00eda Escriv\u00e1<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1925\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Logie_Baird\" >John Logie Baird<\/a> performs the first test of a working <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Television\" >television<\/a> system.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1814\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Rancagua\" >Battle of Rancagua<\/a>: Spanish <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royalist_%28Spanish_American_Independence%29\" >Royalists<\/a> troops under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mariano_Osorio\" >Mariano Osorio<\/a> defeats rebel <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chile\" >Chilean<\/a> forces of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bernardo_O%27Higgins\" >Bernardo O&#8217;Higgins<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Carrera\" >Jos\u00e9 Miguel Carrera<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>OCTOBER 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Gambia\" >The Gambia<\/a> withdraws from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commonwealth_of_Nations\" >Commonwealth of Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>The Gambia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ciaworldfactbook.us\/africa\/gambia.html\" >The Gambia \u2013 The World Factbook &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gambia.gm\/\" >Republic of the Gambia \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/The-Gambia\" >The Gambia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/gambia.html\" >Gambia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13376517\" >The Gambia country profile \u2013 Overview &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of the Gambia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_the_Gambia\" >Foreign relations of the Gambia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201311061106.html\" >Gambia: Foreign Relations \u2013 AllAfrica.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/self.gutenberg.org\/articles\/Foreign_relations_of_Gambia\" >FOREIGN RELATIONS OF GAMBIA \u2013 Self.Gutenberg.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/5459.htm\" >US Relations With The Gambia \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of the Gambia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Gambia\" >History of the Gambia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/history.html\" >History of The Gambia \u2013 AccessGambia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/the-gambia\/history\" >The Gambia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gambia.co.uk\/history\" >The Gambia \u2013 History \u2013 Gambia.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad47\" >HISTORY OF THE GMBIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/resourcepage.gambia.dk\/history.htm\" >History of The Gambia \u2013 ResourcePage.Gambia.DK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/gambia.html\" >A SHORT HISTORY OF THE GAMBIA \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/gambia-the-country-africa-history.html\" >The Gambia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/guinea\/l\/bl-The-Gambia-Timeline.htm\" >The Gambia Timeline \u2013 Prehistory to Present Day \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13380407\" >The Gambia profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of the Gambia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_the_Gambia\" >Economy of the Gambia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/gambia\" >The Gambia \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/economic-profile.html\" >Economy of Gambia \u2013 AccessGambia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countryeconomy.com\/countries\/gambia\" >The Gambia \u2013 CountryEconomy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afdb.org\/en\/countries\/west-africa\/gambia\/gambia-economic-outlook\/\" >Gambia Economic Outlook \u2013 AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/gambia\" >The Gambia \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/gambia\" >The Gambia \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>At least 134 migrants are killed when their boat <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2013_Mediterranean_Sea_migrant_shipwreck\" >sinks<\/a> near the Italian island of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lampedusa\" >Lampedusa<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>The presidents of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Azerbaijan\" >Azerbaijan<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazakhstan\" >Kazakhstan<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kyrgyzstan\" >Kyrgyzstan<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a> sign the Nakhchivan Agreement on the Establishment of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkic_Council\" >Turkic Council<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008\" >Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008<\/a> for the U.S. financial system is signed by President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_W._Bush\" >George W. Bush<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/O._J._Simpson\" >O J Simpson<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/O._J._Simpson_murder_case\" >acquitted<\/a> of the murders of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicole_Brown_Simpson\" >Nicole Brown Simpson<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Goldman\" >Ronald Goldman<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Mogadishu_%281993%29\" >Battle of Mogadishu<\/a>: A firefight occurs during a failed attempt to capture key officials of warlord <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohamed_Farrah_Aidid\" >Mohamed Farrah Aidid<\/a>&#8216;s organisation in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mogadishu,_Somalia\" >Mogadishu, Somalia<\/a>, costing the lives of 18 American soldiers, and over 350 Somalis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_reunification\" >German reunification<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >German Democratic Republic<\/a> ceases to exist and its territory becomes part of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >Federal Republic of Germany<\/a>. East German citizens became part of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Community\" >European Community<\/a>, which later became the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union\" >European Union<\/a>. Now celebrated as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Unity_Day\" >German Unity Day<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>German Reunification:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/east-and-west-germany-reunite-after-45-years\" >OCT 3, 1990: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: East and West Germany unite after 45 years \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1990\/10\/3\/reunification-of-germany\" >OCT 3 1990 &#8211; Reunification of Germany \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/German-reunification\" >German unification \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de\/en\/history\/main-content-03\/1990-reunification.html\" >Unification \u2013 Facts about Germany<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/icv.vlada.cz\/en\/tema\/reunification-of-germany-3-october-1990-77010\/\" >Unification of Germany 3 October 1990 \u2013 Vlada.cz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.timeanddate.com\/holidays\/germany\/german-unity-day\" >Day of German Unity in Germany \u2013 TimeAndDate.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.reuters.com\/global\/2010\/09\/29\/the-dark-side-of-german-reunification\/\" >The dark side of German unification, by Erick Kirschbaum \u2013 September 29, 2010 \u2013 Reuters<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.levyinstitute.org\/pubs\/hili67a.pdf\" >The Economic Consequences of German Unification: The Impact of Misguided Macroeconomic Policies, by J\u00f6rg Bibow \u2013 No. 67A, 2001 \u2013 Public Policy Brief Highlights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questia.com\/library\/history\/european-history\/germany\/germany-since-1945\/german-unification-1990\" >List of some books on German unification of 1990<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/eastgermany.info\/GermanReunification.htm\" >German Reunification \u2013 Foreign Reservations about German Reunification \u2013 High Cost of Reunification \u2013 EastGermany.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/diplomacy.state.gov\/berlinwall\/www\/exhibitions\/germany-east-and-west-unite.html\" >Germany: East and West Unite \u2013 US Diplomacy Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/Documents\/in\/German_Unification_1989-1990\" >German Unification 1989-1990 \u2013 Academia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/diplomacy.state.gov\/berlinwall\/www\/archive\/index.html\" >Articles and other relevant materials on Germany in the post-World War II \u2013 US Diplomacy Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.english-online.at\/current_affairs\/german-reunification\/reunited-germany-20-years-later.htm\" >German Reunification 20 Years Later<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/faculty\/watkins\/germanunif.htm\" >The Economics of the Unification of Germany \u2013 SJSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Germany:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/gm.html\" >Germany \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/germany\/\" >Germany \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >Germany \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Germany\" >Germany \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/germany.html\" >Germany \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.germany.travel\/en\/travel-information\/germany-at-a-glance\/germany-at-a-glance.html?utm_source=bing&amp;utm_medium=cpc&amp;utm_term=Germany&amp;utm_content=8520527451-20601799177&amp;utm_campaign=AN:GNTO|PB:M|TT:SN|CD:Locations|CS:Country\" >Germany at a glance: a brief summary of important facts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.germany.info\/\" >Welcome to Germany.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/places\/germany\" >Germany &#8211; REUTERS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Germany:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Germany\" >Foreign relations of Germany \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/germanysara.weebly.com\/foreign-relations.html\" >Germany \u2013 foreign relation \u2013 Weebly.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/3997.htm\" >US Relations with Germany \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usforeignpolicy.about.com\/od\/countryprofil2\/p\/usgermany.htm\" >The Relationship of the United States with Germany \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/foreign-relations-of-germany-diplomatic-missions-contributions-alliances.html\" >Foreign Relations of Germany: Diplomatic Missions, Contributions &amp; Alliances \u2013 Study.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/germany\/ri281\" >Germany \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.photius.com\/countries\/germany\/government\/germany_government_foreign_relations.html\" >Germany Foreign Relations \u2013 Photius.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.german-foreign-policy.com\/en\/news\/\" >GERMAN-FOREIGN-POLICY \u2013 German-Foreign-Policy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.germany.info\/Vertretung\/usa\/en\/06__Foreign__Policy__State\/00\/__Home.html\" >Foreign Policy &amp; State \u2013 Germany.info<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Germany:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Germany\" >History of Germany \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/motherearthtravel.com\/history\/germany\/\" >History of Germany \u2013 MotherEarthTravel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Germany\" >History of Germany \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/germany-history.html\" >Germany \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac62\" >HISTORY OF GERAMNY \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Germany-history.htm\" >Outline of Germany\u2019s History \u2013 NationslOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.germanculture.com.ua\/library\/history\/bl_german_history.htm\" >German HISTORY \u2013 All Facts and Events \u2013 GermanCulture.com.ua<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.justgermany.org\/germany-history.asp\" >GERMANY HISTORY \u2013 GERAMNY TRAVEL \u2013 JustGermany.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.musicillustratedmagazine.com\/q\/Foreign_relations_of_East_Germany\" >Foreign relations of East Germany \u2013 MusicIllustratedMagazine.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><u><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10005203\" >German Foreign Policy 1933-1945 \u2013 Holocaust Encyclopedia<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theholocaustexplained.org\/ks3\/the-nazi-rise-to-power\/economic-issues\/1919-1933-an-economic-overview\/#.VgAVu5eufX4\" >1919-1933: an economic review \u2013 THE HOLOCAUSE EXPLAINED \u2013 TheHolocaustExplained.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><u><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.german-way.com\/history-and-culture\/germany\/history-of-germany\/\" >History of Germany \u2013 Germany is Younger Than You Think \u2013 The German Way &amp; More \u2013 German-Way.com<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/faculty\/watkins\/germany.htm\" >THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF GERMANY \u2013 SJSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/Ge-It\/Germany.html\" >Germany \u2013 Culture \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/webimage\/countrys\/europe\/germany\/detimeln.htm\" >Germany Timeline \u2013 WorldAtlas.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_German_history\" >Timeline of German History \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-17301646\" >Germany profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of Germany:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/germany\" >Germany \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/germany\" >Germany \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Germany\" >Economy of Germany \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/germany\" >Germany \u2013 Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/germany-economy.html\" >Germany \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/od\/worldeconomy\/p\/Germany.htm\" >Germany\u2019s Economy \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/country.eiu.com\/Germany\" >Germany \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/faculty\/watkins\/germany.htm\" >THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF GERMANY \u2013 SJSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationmaster.com\/country-info\/profiles\/Germany\/Economy\" >Germany Economy Stats \u2013 NationMaster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TASCC\" >TASCC<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superconducting\" >superconducting<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyclotron\" >cyclotron<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chalk_River_Laboratories\" >Chalk River Laboratories<\/a>, is officially opened.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis\" >Space Shuttle Atlantis<\/a> makes its maiden flight. (Mission <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/STS-51-J\" >STS-51-J<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1981_Irish_hunger_strike\" >hunger strike<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army\" >Provisional Irish Republican Army<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_National_Liberation_Army\" >Irish National Liberation Army<\/a> prisoners at the Maze Prison in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland\" >Northern Ireland<\/a> ends after seven months and ten deaths.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/day\/october\/3?p=2\" >1972<\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>For some more relevant information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1987\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a>\u201d, <em>as mentioned above.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1963_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >A violent coup in Honduras<\/a> pre-empts the October 13 election, ends a period of reform, and begins two decades of military rule.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_Mercury\" >Project Mercury<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercury-Atlas_8\" >Sigma 7<\/a> is launched from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Canaveral\" >Cape Canaveral<\/a>, with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astronaut\" >astronaut<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wally_Schirra\" >Wally Schirra<\/a> aboard, for a six-orbit, nine-hour flight.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong>The United Kingdom <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Hurricane\" >successfully tests<\/a> a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapon\" >nuclear weapon<\/a> at the Montebello Islands in Western Australia. The United Kingdom becomes the world&#8217;s third nuclear power.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>First British Nuclear Test<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/specials\/testing-times\/3-october-1952-first-british-nuclear-test\/\" >3 OCTOBER 1952 &#8211; FIRST BRITISH NUCLEAR TEST &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Nuclear Weapons and the United Kingdom:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-kingdomsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >UNITED KINGDOM\u2019S NUCLEAR TESTING PROGRAMME &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dr.abdulqadeer.8m.net\/uk.htm\" >British Nuclear Programmes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digplanet.com\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_Kingdom\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the United Kingdom<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_Kingdom\" >Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/country-profiles\/united-kingdom\/\" >United Kingdom \u2013 Overview \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Uk\/UKTesting.html\" >Britain\u2019s Nuclear Weapons &#8211; British Nuclear Testing \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Uk\/UKFacility.html\" >Britain\u2019s Nuclear Weapons \u2013 British Nuclear Facilities \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/atomicarchive.com\/History\/coldwar\/page10.shtml\" >Cold War: A Brief History \u2013 Britain Goes Nuclear \u2013 AtomicArchive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/r.search.yahoo.com\/_ylt=A0LEV1BROvxV8IMAHepXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTEyNGV1YzFmBGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjAwNDBfMQRzZWMDc3I-\/RV=2\/RE=1442622162\/RO=10\/RU=http%3a%2f%2fresearchbriefings.files.parliament.uk%2fdocuments%2fRP95-101%2fRP95-101.pdf\/RK=0\/RS=JySMZqPAVzW.FIOk5jRLkvvS5jo-\" >The United Kingdom and Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Research Paper 95\/101 \u2013 13 October 1995<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/\" >A Guided to Nuclear Weapons \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\" >Korean War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Battle_of_Maryang_San\" >First Battle of Maryang San<\/a>, primarily pitting Australian and British forces against communist China, begins.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WERD_%28defunct%29\" >WERD<\/a>, the first black-owned radio station in the United States, opens in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlanta\" >Atlanta<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spaceflight\" >Spaceflight<\/a>: The first successful launch of a V-2 \/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V-2_rocket\" >A4-rocket<\/a> from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Test_Stand_VII\" >Test Stand VII<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peenem%C3%BCnde\" >Peenem\u00fcnde<\/a>, Germany. It is the first man-made object to reach space.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1935\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Italo-Abyssinian_War\" >Second Italo-Abyssinian War<\/a>: Italy <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/De_Bono%27s_invasion_of_Abyssinia\" >invades<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethiopia\" >Ethiopia<\/a> under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emilio_De_Bono\" >General de Bono<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1932\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a> gains independence from the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1930\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Socialist_Labour_Party_in_Poland_%E2%80%93_Left\" >German Socialist Labour Party in Poland \u2013 Left<\/a> is founded following a split in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Socialist_Labour_Party_in_Poland\" >DSAP<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA\" >\u0141\u00f3d\u017a<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1929\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Serbs,_Croats_and_Slovenes\" >Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes<\/a> is renamed to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia\" >Kingdom of Yugoslavia<\/a>, &#8220;Land of the South Slavs&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1912\u00a0 <\/strong>US forces defeat Nicaraguan rebels under the command of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benjam%C3%ADn_Zeled%C3%B3n\" >Benjam\u00edn Zeled\u00f3n<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Coyotepe_Hill\" >Battle of Coyotepe Hill<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1873\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kintpuash\" >Captain Jack<\/a> and companions are hanged for their part in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modoc_War\" >Modoc War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1849\u00a0 <\/strong>American author <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edgar_Allan_Poe\" >Edgar Allan Poe<\/a> is found delirious in a gutter in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baltimore\" >Baltimore<\/a> under mysterious circumstances; it is the last time he is seen in public before his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Edgar_Allan_Poe\" >death<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1835\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Staedtler\" >Staedtler<\/a> company is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuremberg\" >Nuremberg<\/a>, Germany.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1778\u00a0 <\/strong>Captain <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Cook\" >James Cook<\/a> anchors in Alaska.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1739\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Ni%C5%A1_%281739%29\" >Treaty of Ni\u0161<\/a> is signed by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a> and Russia at the end of the Russian\u2013Turkish War, 1736\u201339.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>OCTOBER 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ajka_alumina_plant_accident\" >Ajka plant accident<\/a> in western Hungary releases about a million cubic metres (35 million cubic feet) of liquid <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_mud\" >alumina sludge<\/a>. Nine people are killed and 122 injured, and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marcal\" >Marcal<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Danube\" >Danube<\/a> rivers are severely contaminated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SpaceShipOne\" >SpaceShipOne<\/a><\/em> wins <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ansari_X_Prize\" >Ansari X Prize<\/a> for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Private_spaceflight\" >private spaceflight<\/a>, by being the first private craft to fly into space.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maxim_restaurant_suicide_bombing\" >Maxim restaurant suicide bombing<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haifa\" >Haifa<\/a>, Israel: Twenty-one Israelis, Jews and Arabs, are killed, and 51 others wounded.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siberia_Airlines_Flight_1812\" >Siberia Airlines Flight 1812<\/a>: a Sibir Airlines <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-154\" >Tupolev Tu-154<\/a> crashes into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Sea\" >Black Sea<\/a> after being struck by an errant Ukrainian <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SA-5_Gammon\" >S-200<\/a> missile. Seventy-eight people are killed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO\" >NATO<\/a> confirms invocation of Article 5 of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Atlantic_Treaty\" >North Atlantic Treaty<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/official_texts_17120.htm\" >Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty<\/a>: \u201c<em>The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natolive\/official_texts_16937.htm\" >Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations<\/a>, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area<\/em>.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><em>See<\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/documents\/charter\/chapter7.shtml\" >Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations on the UN website<\/a>, <strong><em>or<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chapter_VII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter#Article_51\" >Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1997_Loomis_Fargo_Robbery_in_North_Carolina\" >second largest cash robbery<\/a> in U.S. history occurs at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charlotte,_North_Carolina\" >Charlotte, North Carolina<\/a> office of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wells_Fargo\" >Loomis, Fargo and Company<\/a>. A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation\" >Federal Bureau of Investigation<\/a> investigation eventually results in 24 convictions and the recovery of approximately 95% of the $17.3 million stolen cash.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_constitutional_crisis_of_1993\" >Russian Constitutional Crisis<\/a>: In Moscow, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tank\" >tanks<\/a> bombard the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_of_Russia\" >White House<\/a>, a government building that housed the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_Duma\" >Russian parliament<\/a>, while demonstrators against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Russia\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Yeltsin\" >Boris Yeltsin<\/a> rally outside.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rome_General_Peace_Accords\" >Rome General Peace Accords<\/a> ends a 16-year <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civil_war\" >civil war<\/a> in Mozambique.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocol_on_Environmental_Protection_to_the_Antarctic_Treaty\" >Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty<\/a> is opened for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Signature\" >signature<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_Software_Foundation\" >Free Software Foundation<\/a> is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Massachusetts\" >Massachusetts<\/a>, United States.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Noble\" >Richard Noble<\/a> sets a new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land_speed_record\" >land speed record<\/a> of 633.468 miles per hour (1,019.468\u00a0km\/h), driving <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thrust2\" >Thrust2<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Rock_Desert\" >Black Rock Desert<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada\" >Nevada<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong>Official launch of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/InterCity_125\" >InterCity 125<\/a> high speed train.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong>Founding of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Democracy_%28Greece%29\" >New Democracy<\/a> party in Greece.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>For some more relevant information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1979\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a>\u201d, <em>mentioned above<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Omar_Ali_Saifuddien_III\" >Omar Ali Saifuddien III<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brunei\" >Brunei<\/a> abdicates in favour of his son, His Majesty Sultan <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hassanal_Bolkiah\" >Hassanal Bolkiah<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basutoland\" >Basutoland<\/a> becomes independent from the United Kingdom and is renamed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lesotho\" >Lesotho<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_Paul_VI\" >Pope Paul VI<\/a> arrives in New York, the first Pope to visit the United States of America and the Western hemisphere.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hurricane_Flora\" >Hurricane Flora<\/a>, kills 6,000 in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" >Cuba<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haiti\" >Haiti<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/~richards\/my_papers\/khalturin_NZ_1-42%20.pdf\" >A Review of the Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955 \u2013 1990, by Vitaly I. Khalturin, Tatyana G. Rautian, Paul G. Richards, and William S. Leith \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Fifth_Republic\" >Fifth Republic<\/a> of France is established.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_Arrow\" >Avro Arrow<\/a> roll-out ceremony at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_Canada\" >Avro Canada<\/a> plant in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malton,_Ontario\" >Malton, Ontario<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Race\" >Space Race<\/a>: Launch of <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sputnik_1\" >Sputnik 1<\/a><\/em>, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong>United Nations&#8217; permanent NYC headquarters is dedicated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Headquarters of the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations\" >Headquarters of the United Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/John-D-Rockefeller-Jr\" >\u201c<em>After the war, he donated land for the United Nations headquarters, a gift that figured prominently in the decision to locate the world organization in the United States<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 John D. Rockefeller, Jr. \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/americanprofile.com\/articles\/john-d-rockefeller-jr-donated-land-for-united-nations-headquarters\/\" >\u201c<em>The United Nations headquarters in New York City sits on 16 acres of land purchased with an $8 million donation made in 1946 by John D. Rockefeller Jr<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 John D. Rockefeller Donated Land for United Nations Headquarters &#8211; AmericanProfile.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/decad036.asp\" >Text of the<em> Agreement Between the United Nations and the United States Regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, Signed June 26, 1947, and Approved by the General Assembly October 31, 1947<\/em> \u2013 Avalon Project \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nyc-architecture.com\/MID\/MID001.htm\" >United Nations Headquarters<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.histecon.magd.cam.ac.uk\/internationalhistory\/architecture.htm\" >Architectural visions of the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/visit.un.org\/\" >WELCOME TO THE UNITED NATIONS: TOUR THE INTERNATIONAL UN HEADQUARTERS \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: U.S. captures the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solomon_Islands\" >Solomon Islands<\/a> from the Japanese.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>Meeting between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler\" >Adolf Hitler<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benito_Mussolini\" >Benito Mussolini<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brenner_Pass\" >Brenner Pass<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong>n the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_End_of_London\" >East End of London<\/a>, marches staged by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Union_of_Fascists\" >British fascists<\/a> and various anti-fascist organizations result in violent clashes between them in what becomes known as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Cable_Street\" >Battle of Cable Street<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gutzon_Borglum\" >Gutzon Borglum<\/a> begins sculpting <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mount_Rushmore\" >Mount Rushmore<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1917\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Broodseinde\" >Battle of Broodseinde<\/a> fought between the British and German armies in Flanders.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1883\u00a0 <\/strong>First run of the <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orient_Express\" >Orient Express<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.alibris.com\/The-Orient-Express-The-History-of-the-Orient-Express-Service-from-1883-to-1950-Anthony-Burton\/book\/4895001\" >The Orient Express: The History of the Orient Express from 1883-1950, by Anthony Burton \u2013 Albris.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.seat61.com\/OrientExpress.htm#.VgBWE5eufX4\" >The truth behind the legend\u2026 The Orient Express\u2026- Seat61.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Orient-Express\" >Orient-Express \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/travel\/journeysbyrail\/9815164\/The-Orient-Express-Great-Train-Journeys.html\" >The Orient-Express: Great Train Journeys \u2013 Telegraph.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/travel\/article-2547362\/Orient-Express-train-Paris-Istanbul-relaunched-French-rail-firm-SNCF.html\" >\u201c<em>These two fabled words are most commonly associated with the train that ran from Paris to Istanbul between 1883 and 1977<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Orient Express train from Paris to Istanbul to be launched by French rail firm SNCF, by Chris Leadbeater \u2013 Published 28 January 2014; updated 29 January 2014 \u2013 DailyMail.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1853\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crimean_War\" >Crimean War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a> declares war on Russia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Crimean War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Crimean-War\" >Crimean War \u2013 Eurasian history [1853-1856] \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/crimean-war.html\" >Crimean War \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/wars_crimean.html\" >Crimean War, 1853-1856 \u2013 HistoryOfWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/victorians\/crimea_01.shtml\" >Crimean War \u2013 History \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/primaryfacts.com\/467\/facts-about-the-crimean-war\/\" >Facts About the Crimean War \u2013 PrimaryFacts.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.victorianweb.org\/history\/crimea\/chron.html\" >Chronology of the Crimean War \u2013 VictorianWeb.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/timesearch\/default.asp?conid=static_timeline&amp;timelineid=315&amp;page=1&amp;keywords=Crimean%20War%20timeline\" >Crimean War timeline \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Ottoman Empire:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Ottoman-Empire\" >Ottoman Empire \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.turizm.net\/turkey\/history\/ottoman3.html\" >The Ottoman Empire 1600-1923 \u2013 Turizm.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/geography.about.com\/od\/historyofgeography\/a\/The-Ottoman-Empire.htm\" >The Ottoman Empire \u2013 About.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/ottoman-empire-history.html\" >Ottoman Empire \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theottomans.org\/english\/index.asp\" >THE OTTOMANS \u2013 TheOttomans.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/religion\/religions\/islam\/history\/ottomanempire_1.shtml\" >Ottoman Empire (1301 \u2013 1922) \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire\" >History of the Ottoman Empire &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Ottoman_Empire\" >Timeline of the Ottoman Empire \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/topics\/ottoman-empire\" >Ottoman Empire timeline \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1830\u00a0 <\/strong>Creation of the Kingdom of Belgium after separation from the Netherlands.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/belgium-history.html\" >Belgium \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.belgium.be\/en\/about_belgium\/country\/history\/before_1830\/dutch_period\/\" >The Dutch period (1815- 1830) \u2013 Belgium.be<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.belgium.be\/en\/about_belgium\/country\/history\/belgium_from_1830\/\" >Belgium\u2019s Independence (1830-present time) \u2013 Belgium.be<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/famousdaily.com\/history\/kingdom-of-belgium-treaty-of-london.html\" >Kingdom of Belgium is established under the Treaty of London. By Charles-Feigelstock \u2013 FamousDaily.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forumfed.org\/libdocs\/Global_Dialogue\/Book_1\/BK1-C02-be-Deschouwer-en.pdf\" >Kingdom of Belgium, by Kris Deshouner \u2013 ForumFed.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1824\u00a0 <\/strong>Mexico adopts a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1824_Constitution_of_Mexico\" >new constitution<\/a> and becomes a federal republic.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1795\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon\" >Napoleon Bonaparte<\/a> first rises to national prominence with a &#8220;Whiff of Grapeshot&#8221;, using cannon to suppress armed counter-revolutionary rioters threatening the French Legislature (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Convention\" >National Convention<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>______________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.\u00a0 His interest and\/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project\/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental\/ecological issues, audio\/visual documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment<\/em><\/a><em>, he is currently compiling <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/category\/history\/\" >This Week in History<\/a> <em>on <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/\" >TMS<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>(<em>Sources and references:<\/em><\/strong><em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_28\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_28<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0to _October4; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/day\/september\/28\" >http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/day\/september\/28<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to october\/4; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/september_28.html\" >http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/september_28.html<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to _october_4.html; and other pertinent websites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<\/em><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and\/or documents.<\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about \u201cpeace\u201d, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external\/outer peace and internal\/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and\/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address \u201cpeace\u201d through peace journalism.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sep 28\u2013Oct 4  QUOTE OF THE WEEK: \u201cKindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.\u201d \u2013 Mark Twain<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64277"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64277\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}