{"id":67896,"date":"2015-12-21T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-12-21T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=67896"},"modified":"2015-12-21T04:06:41","modified_gmt":"2015-12-21T04:06:41","slug":"this-week-in-history-55","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/12\/this-week-in-history-55\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo.jpeg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-62806\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62806\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo.jpeg\" alt=\"TWH logo history\" width=\"600\" height=\"331\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Dec 21-27<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>QUOTE OF THE WEEK:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.livinglifefully.com\/slowingdown.htm\" >\u201c<em>Always remember to slow down in life; live, breathe, and learn; take a look around you whenever you have time and never forget everything and every person that has the least place within your heart<\/em>.\u201d<\/a> &#8211; <\/strong>Unattributed<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>DECEMBER 21<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq_War\" >Iraq War<\/a>: A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_attack\" >suicide bomber<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2004_Forward_Operating_Base_Marez_bombing\" >killed 22<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forward_operating_base\" >forward operating base<\/a> next to the main US military airfield at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mosul\" >Mosul<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a>, the single deadliest suicide attack on American soldiers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civil_Guard_%28Spain%29\" >Spanish Civil Guard<\/a> intercepts a van loaded with 950\u00a0kg of explosives that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ETA_%28separatist_group%29\" >ETA<\/a> intended to use to blow up <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torre_Picasso\" >Torre Picasso<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madrid\" >Madrid<\/a>, Spain.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>The city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bethlehem\" >Bethlehem<\/a> passes from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israeli<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_National_Authority\" >Palestinian<\/a> control.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>Mexican volcano <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Popocat%C3%A9petl\" >Popocat\u00e9petl<\/a>, dormant for 47 years, erupts gases and ash.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netherlands\" >Dutch<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10\" >DC-10<\/a>, flight <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martinair_Flight_495\" >Martinair MP 495<\/a>, crashes at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Faro_Airport\" >Faro Airport<\/a>, killing 56.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong>A bomb explodes on board <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pan_Am_Flight_103\" >Pan Am Flight 103<\/a> over <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lockerbie\" >Lockerbie<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dumfries_and_Galloway\" >Dumfries and Galloway<\/a>, Scotland, killing 270.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lancaster_House_Agreement\" >Lancaster House Agreement<\/a>: An independence agreement for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhodesia\" >Rhodesia<\/a> is signed in London by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington\" >Lord Peter Carrington<\/a>, Sir <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ian_Gilmour,_Baron_Gilmour_of_Craigmillar\" >Ian Gilmour<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Mugabe\" >Robert Mugabe<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joshua_Nkomo\" >Joshua Nkomo<\/a>, Bishop <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abel_Muzorewa\" >Abel Muzorewa<\/a> and S.C. Mundawarara.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Lancaster House Agreement:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.zimlii.org\/files\/Zimbabwe_1_Lancaster_House_Agreement_0.pdf\" >Lancaster House Agreement, 21 December 1979 \u2013 ZMLII.org \u2013 pdf<\/a>, <strong><em>or<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rhodesia.nl\/lanc1.html\" >the same text on this site: Rhodesia.nl<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/theotherafrika.com\/2015\/03\/10\/president-mugabe-the-ruling-zanu-pf-and-zimbabwe-remain-short-changed\/\" >LANCASTER HOUSE AGREEMENT OF 1979 \u2013 President Mugabe, The Ruling ZANU-PF And Zimbabwe Remain Short-changed \u2013 March 10, 2015 \u2013 Afrika: The Other Side of the Coin \u2013 TheOtherAfrika.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2002\/jan\/16\/zimbabwe.chrismcgreal\" >The Trail from Lancaster House \u2013 Zimbabwe \u2013 Jan 16, 2002 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/opendocs.ids.ac.uk\/opendocs\/handle\/123456789\/954\" >The Lancaster House Agreement and the post \u2013 independence state in Zimbabwe \u2013 Sibanda, Arnold Elson \u2013 Institute of Development Studies \u2013 IDS.ac.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josiah_Tongogara\" >Josiah Tongogara &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2002\/jan\/16\/zimbabwe.chrismcgreal\" >The trail from Lancaster House \u2013 Wednesday, 16 January 2002 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Rhodesia\/Zimbabwe:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zimbabwe\" >History of Zimbabwe \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Zimbabwe\" >History of Zimbabwe \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/zimbabwe\/history\" >Zimbabwe \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/zimbabwe-country-africa-history.html\" >Zimbabwe \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.howstuffworks.com\/african-history\/history-of-zimbabwe.htm\" >History of Zimbabwe \u2013 HowStuffWorks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsencyclopedia.com\/Africa\/Zimbabwe-HISTORY.html\" >Zimbabwe \u2013 History \u2013 NationsEncyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bulawayo1872.com\/history\/zimhistory.htm\" >The History of Zimbabwe \u2013 Bulawayo1872.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sanweb.lib.msu.edu\/DMC\/African%20Journals\/pdfs\/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe\/vol26n1\/juz026001003.pdf\" >ZIMBABWE: PRE-COLONIAL HISTORY, DEMOGRAPHIC DISASTER AND THE UNIVERSITY, by David Beach \u2013 MSU.edu \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/historical\/DOENV_209_REV15.pdf\" >United States Nuclear Tests \u2013 July 1945 through September 1992 \u2013 US Department of Energy &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomcentral.com\/the-cold-war.aspx\" >The Cold War \u2013 AtomCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archure.net\/liberty\/nukenevada.html\" >NUKE TESTING in NEVADA \u2013 Archure.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Nuclear Weapons and the United States:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/231697.htm\" >Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verifications and Entry into Force of the CTBT \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/rls\/202015.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs &#8211; January 3, 2013 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2014\/04\/28-50-nuclear-facts\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons Today \u2013 April 28, 2014 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2012\/08\/the-future-of-the-us-nuclear-triad\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Michaela Dodge \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/1997_05\/nas\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Policy \u2013 Arms Control Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252183576_The_Future_of_the_U.S._Nuclear_Weapons_Program\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Linton F. Brooks \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/233254.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century &#8211; Rose Gottemoeller, Under Secretary\u00a0for Arms Control and International Security, \u00a0Dixie State University, St. George, Utah &#8211; October 21, 2014 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geneva_Conference_%281973%29\" >Geneva Conference<\/a> on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict\" >Arab\u2013Israeli conflict<\/a> opens.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>UN Security Council Resolutions 338 and 344 of 1973:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ga\/search\/view_doc.asp?symbol=S\/RES\/338%281973%29\" >UN Security Council Resolution <strong>338<\/strong> (1973) of 22 October 1973 \u2013 <strong>S\/RES\/338 (1973)<\/strong><\/a>, <strong><em>or<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/UN\/unres338.html\" >the same resolution on this website: Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geneva_Conference_%281973%29\" >\u201c<em>The <strong>Geneva Conference of 1973<\/strong> was an attempt to negotiate a solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict as envisioned in <strong>United Nations Security Council Resolution 338<\/strong> following the called-for cease-fire to end the Yom Kippur War<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Geneva Conference (1973) &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ga\/search\/view_doc.asp?symbol=S\/RES\/344%281973%29\" >UN Security Council Resolution <strong>344<\/strong> (1973) of 15 December 1973 \u2013 <strong>S\/RES\/344 (1973)<\/strong><\/a>, <strong><em>or<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/UN\/unres344.html\" >the same resolution on this website: Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestinefacts.org\/pf_1967to1991_geneva_1973.php\" >\u201c<em>In December 1973, following the cease-fire of the October 1973 Yom Kippur War, the United States and the Soviet Union invited Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Israel to a peace conference in Geneva, Switzerland on the basis of the UN Security Council\u2019s call for a \u201cjust and durable peace\u201d in <strong>Resolution 338<\/strong>. In recognition and support of this effort, the UN Security Council adopted <strong>UN Security Council Resolution 344<\/strong><\/em>.\u201d \u2013 What Happened to the Geneva Peace Conference in 1973? \u2013 PalestineFacts.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Geneva Peace Conference of 1973:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Peace\/geneva.html\" >The Geneva Peace Conference (December 21, 1973) \u2013 JEWISH VIRTUAL LIBRARY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/knesset.gov.il\/lexicon\/eng\/geneva_eng.htm\" >\u201cThe Geneva Conference was held in December 1973. It was a multinational forum headed by the United States and the Soviet Union, and sponsored by the United Nations, as an attempted summit for peace in the Middle East.\u201d &#8211; Geneva Conference \u2013 Knesset.gov.il<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/doc\/1G2-3424601059.html\" >Geneva Peace Conference (1973): Conference called by the United Nations after the Arab\u2013Israel War of 1973. \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tvnews.vanderbilt.edu\/program.pl?ID=24206\" >Headline: Geneva Peace Conference &#8211; ABC Evening News for Friday, Dec 21, 1973 \u2013 Vanderbilt.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/israeled.org\/geneva-middle-east-peace-conference\/\" >Geneva Middle East Conference \u2013 December 21, 1973 \u2013 Center for Israel Education \u2013 IsraelEd.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jta.org\/1973\/12\/17\/archive\/security-council-resolution-links-un-to-geneva-peace-conference\" >Security Council Resolution Links UN to Geneva Peace Conference \u2013 December 17, 1973 \u2013 JTA,org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Arab-Israeli Conflict:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/issues\/international-conflicts\/arab-israeli-conflict\" >Arab-Israeli Conflict \u2013 The Heritage Foundation \u2013 Heritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.israel-palestina.info\/arab-israeli_conflict-html\/\" >The Arab-Israeli Conflict \u2013 Israel-Palestina.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/arab-israeli-conflict\/\" >Arab-Israel Conflict \u2013 Pertinent Articles \u2013 The Huffington Post \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyteacher.net\/Arab-Israeli_Conflict.htm\" >Arab-Israeli Conflict \u2013 HistoryTeacher.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arabisraeliconflict.info\/arab-israel-facts\/10-facts\" >10 Facts About The Arab-Israel Conflict \u2013 ArabIsraelConflict.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.science.co.il\/arab-israeli-conflict.asp\" >Arab-Israeli Conflict: Basic Facts \u2013 Science.co.il<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jpost.com\/Arab-Israeli-Conflict\" >Arab-Israeli Conflict \u2013 The Jerusalem Post &#8211; JPPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Arab-Israeli Conflict:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict#History\" >History \u2013 Arab-Israeli conflict \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict\" >History of Arab-Israeli conflict \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/news\/world\/mideast\/timeline.htm\" >The Arab-Israeli conflict 1947-present \u2013 USAToday.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mideastweb.org\/briefhistory.htm\" >Israel, Palestine and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict\u00a0 (Arab-Israeli Conflict)\u00a0 &#8211; A brief history &#8211; Part I \u2013 MidEastWeb.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblaze.com\/blog\/2014\/07\/25\/the-one-passage-on-the-history-of-the-arab-israeli-conflict-that-the-mainstream-media-will-never-print\/\" >The one passage on the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict that the mainstream media will never print, by Benjamin Weingarten \u2013 Jul.25, 2014 \u2013 The Blaze \u2013 TheBlaze.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_program\" >Apollo program<\/a>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_8\" >Apollo 8<\/a><\/em> is launched from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kennedy_Space_Center\" >Kennedy Space Center<\/a>, placing its crew on a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moon\" >lunar<\/a> trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a> adopts the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination\" >International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/ProfessionalInterest\/cerd.pdf\" >International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination \u2013 OHCHR.org &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/webtv.un.org\/meetings-events\/watch\/dpi-ngo-briefing-combatting-racism-in-the-21st-century\/4644549413001?page=3\" >DPI \/ NGO Briefing: Combatting Racism in the 21st Century \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.awid.org\/resources\/un-mechanisms-and-caste-discrimination-based-work-and-descent\" >UN mechanism and caste: Discrimination-based work and descent \u2013 9 December 2015 \u2013 Awid.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racism\" >Racism &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>One of the Historical Cases \u2013 Nuremberg Laws of Nazi Germany:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuremberg_Laws\" >Nuremberg Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nuremberg-race-laws-imposed\" >Sep 15 1935 THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Nuremberg race laws imposed \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/nurlaws.html\" >The Nuremberg Laws: Background &amp; Overview \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/worldwar2\/timeline\/nurem-laws.htm\" >The Nuremberg Race Laws \u2013 The History Place \u2013 HistoryPlace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/outreach\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10007695\" >THE NUREMBERG RACE LAWS \u2013 The Holocaust: A Learning Sites for Students<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/1930s\/a\/Nuremberg-Laws.htm\" >The Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>One of the Historical Cases &#8211; Apartheid of South Africa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dev.laptop.org\/pub\/content\/wp\/en\/Apartheid.html\" >History of South Africa in the apartheid era \u2013 Digital Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crime_of_apartheid\" >Crime of apartheid \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/legal.un.org\/avl\/ha\/cspca\/cspca.html\">Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid<br \/>\nNew York, 30 November 1973, lectured by John Dugard \u2013 Audiovisual Library of International Law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/apartheid-supp.html\" >Full text of <em>International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of <\/em>Apartheid, G.A. res. 3068 (XXVIII)), 28 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 30) at 75, U.N. Doc. A\/9030 (1974), 1015 U.N.T.S. 243, entered into force July 18, 1976. \u2013 University of Minnesota Human Rights Library<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em><strong>Zionism and Anti-Semitism:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zionism\" >Zionism \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mideastweb.org\/zionism.htm\" >Zionism \u2013 The Definition and History \u2013 MidEastWeb.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Zionism\" >Zionism \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/zion.html\" >Zionism \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_3379\" >United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a>, <\/em><em><strong>or<\/strong><\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/11\/united-nations-general-assembly-resolution-3379-of-10-nov-1975\/\" >UN General Assembly Resolution 3379 of 10 Nov 1975, by Antonio Rosa &#8211; TMS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.albalagh.net\/current_affairs\/zionism_racism.shtml\" >Why Zionism Is Racism, by Rabee\u2019 Sahyoun \u2013 posted 3 July 2001 \u2013 Alzbalagh.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2003\/11\/05\/zionism-as-racist-ideology\/\" >Zionism as Racist Ideology, by Bill Christison and Kathleen Christison \u2013 November 5, 2003 \u2013 CounterPunch.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/web.inter.nl.net\/users\/Paul.Treanor\/zionism.html\" >Nationalism and Racism \u2013 Zionism = Racism \u2013 Web.Inter.nl.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tabletmag.com\/jewish-news-and-politics\/190139\/is-zionism-racism\" >\u201c<em>Zionism is not about race. It is a nationalism<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 IS ZIONISM RACISM \u2013 Anne Roiphe \u2013 April 13, 2015 \u2013 TabletMag.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/2009\/03\/foxman-is-zionism-racism-you-bet-it-is-all-nationalism-is\" >Is Zionism racist? Foxman: \u2018You bet it is. Every nationalism is\u2019, by Philip Weiss \u2013 March 25, 2009 \u2013 MondoWeiss.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antisemitism\" >Antisemitism \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racial_antisemitism\" >Racial antisemitism &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.europeansociology.org\/research-networks\/rn31-ethnic-relations,-racism-and-antisemitism.html\" >RN31 &#8211; Ethnic Relations, Racism and Antisemitism \u2013 European Sociological Association \u2013 EuropeanSociology.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/antisem.html\" >Anti-Semitism \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/anti-Semitism\" >Anti-Semitism \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/anti-semitism\/\" >Anti-Semitism \u2013 Articles \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.debate.org\/opinions\/is-anti-semitism-racism#!\" >Is anti-semitism racism? \u2013 Debate.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.freerepublic.com\/focus\/f-news\/1771650\/posts\" >Racism and Antisemitism \u2013 Part I, by Reginald Firehammer \u2013 FreeRepublic.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2014\/dec\/02\/antisemitism-is-racism-malky-mackay-david-whelan-mario-balotelli\" >Antisemitism is racism. We need to acknowledge that, by David Baddiel \u2013 December 2, 2014 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em><strong>Anti-Zionism, Anti-Semitism and\/or Anti-Israel? :<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.isreview.org\/issues\/38\/zionism_antisemitism.shtml\" >Zionism and Anti-Semitism: Are Israel\u2019s Critics Anti-Semites? , by Handas Their \u2013 ISR Issue 38 December 2004 &#8211; ISReview.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adl.org\/israel-international\/israel-middle-east\/content\/AG\/inaccuracy-israel-critics-anti-semites.html\" >Response To Common Inaccuracy: Israel Critics are Anti-Semites \u2013 Inaccuracy: Jews unfairly label anyone who criticizes Israel an anti-Semite. \u2013 ADL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/observer.com\/2014\/10\/blurred-lines-anti-semitism-vs-anti-israel\/\" >Blurred Lines: Anti-Semitism vs. Anti-Israel, by Eliana Rudee \u2013 10\/17\/14 \u2013 Observer.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rci.rutgers.edu\/~jussim\/Cohen%20et%20al,%202009,%20with%20supplemental%20materials.pdf\" >Modern Anti-Semitism and Anti-Israel Attitudes, by Florette Cohen, Lee Jussim, Kent D. Harber and Gautam Bhasin \u2013 2009 \u2013 American Psychological Association \u2013 Rutgers.edu &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/Whats-the-difference-between-being-anti-Israel-anti-Zionist-and-anti-semitic-and-how-do-you-know-which-is-which\" >What\u2019s the difference between <strong>being<\/strong> anti-Israel, anti-Zionist and anti-semitic, and how do you know which is which? \u2013 Quora.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/people.opposingviews.com\/difference-between-antisemitism-zionism-7710.html\" >What\u2019s the Difference Between Anti-Semitism &amp; Zionism? \u2013 OpposingViews.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jcpa.org\/phas\/phas-wistrich-f04.htm\" >Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism, by Robert Wistrich \u2013 Jewish Political Studies Review 16:3-4 (Fall 2004) \u2013 JCPA.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rense.com\/general48\/zntiz.htm\" >Anti-Semitism Vs Anti-Zionism: A Practical Manual, by Uri Avnery \u2013 CounterPunch.org \u2013 Rense.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jcpa.org\/phas\/phas-30.htm\" >Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism &#8211; Jews against Israel, by Manfred Gerstendfeld \u2013 1 March 2005 \u2013 JCPA.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/students.washington.edu\/israeluw\/info-anti.html\" >When being anti-Israel is anti-Semitic, by Bernard Pinsky \u2013 Washington.edu<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em><strong>Sports and Racism:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Race_and_sports\" >Race and sports \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/serendip.brynmawr.edu\/local\/scisoc\/sports02\/papers\/aalexander.html\" >Culture, Race, and Gender in Sports, by Alisa Alexander<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/02\/my-tribute-to-serena-williams\/\" >My Tribute to Serena Williams, by Richard Falk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.athleticinsight.com\/Vol9Iss3\/RaceDifference.htm\" >White Americans\u2019 Genetic Explanations for a Perceived Race Difference in Athleticism: The Relation to Prejudice toward and Stereotyping of Blacks, Jane P. Sheldon \u2013 Athletic Insight<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-personal.umich.edu\/%7Ebawa\/race.htm\" >Ethnicity and racism in sports \u2013 personal.umich.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/157150-pumpsie-green-and-red-sox-racism\" >Pumpsie Green and the Boston Red Sox\u2019s Racism \u2013 BleacherReport.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/redsoxareracist.blogspot.com\/\" >The Red Sox: Racist \u2013 RedSoxAreRacist.BlogSpot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.overthemonster.com\/2014\/2\/13\/5407754\/red-sox-yawkey-way-racist-history\" >Yawkey Way and the Red Sox\u2019 Racist History \u2013 OverTheMoster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.opednews.com\/articles\/The-Boston-Red-Sox-Jackie-by-Chris-Lamb-120411-991.html\" >The Boston Red Sox, Jackie Robinson, and a Legacy of Racism \u2013 OpEdNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchomatic.com\/Racism-In-American-Baseball-4135.html\" >Racism in American Baseball \u2013 Rearchomatic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/johnnysbaseball.wordpress.com\/tag\/racism-in-baseball\/\" >Racism in baseball \u2013 Johnny\u2019s baseball blog<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baseball_color_line\" >\u201c<em>The color line in American baseball, until the late 1940s, excluded players of Black African descent from Major League Baseball and its affiliated Minor Leagues<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Baseball color line \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em><strong>Beauty Contest and Racism:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/amex\/missamerica\/peopleevents\/e_inclusion.html\" >\u201c<em>In 1984 Vanessa Williams became the first black Miss America, beginning the year as one of the best Miss Americas ever, in the eyes of many pageant insiders, but ending her reign mid-year amidst scandal<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 People &amp; Events: Breaking the Color Line at the Pageant<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arogundade.com\/vanessa-williams-the-first-black-miss-america-1984.html\" >\u201c<em>AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE BANNED from competing in the white-run beauty pageants of the early twentieth century\u2026But this all changed on September 17, 1983 when Vanessa Lynn Williams, a 20 year-old college student from Millwood, NY, who had recently won the Miss New York crown, made history in becoming the first black Miss America (1984) after securing both the swimsuit and the talent sections of the completion<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Moments in African American in History: Vanessa Williams Is Crowned The First Black Miss America (1984) \u2013 ARODUNDATE.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/10\/18\/world\/lesson-in-politics-for-miss-croatia.html\" >Lesson in Politics For Miss Croatia \u2013 October 18, 1998 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/201369.stm\" >World: Europe Muslim denied Croatian beauty title \u2013 Monday, October 26, 1998 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.chicagotribune.com\/1998-10-27\/news\/9810270050_1_muslim-pageant-title-voting\" >\u201c<em>ZAGREB, CROATIA \u2014 Two weeks after a Muslim was proclaimed Miss Croatia, the jury reversed itself and crowned as a new winner the runner-up, a member of the country\u2019s Roman Catholic majority<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Muslim Stripped Out of Pageant Title \u2013 October 27, 1998 \u2013 ChicagoTribune.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ebaumsworld.com\/video\/watch\/80826340\/\" >White Woman Crowned Queen of All Black College \u2013 \u201c<em>Description: A woman wins a college beauty contest and faces racism from other students because she is white. She writes Obama, asking him to speak on diversity at the school, and that provokes more racism<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 11\/28\/2009 \u2013 eBaumsWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/ryanhatesthis\/a-lot-of-people-are-very-upset-that-an-indian-american-woman#.agw0gp0Pb\" >A Lot Of People Are Very Upset That An Indian-American Woman Won The Miss America Pageant \u201cAnd the Arab wins Miss America, classic.\u201d By Ryan Broderick \u2013 posted on September 16, 2013 \u2013 BuzzFeed.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/09\/16\/showbiz\/miss-america-racist-reactions\/index.html\" >Miss America crowns 1<sup>st<\/sup> winner of Indian decent \u2013 September 17, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/lifestyle\/style\/miss-america-fights-post-pageant-racism-with-a-beauty-queens-poise\/2013\/09\/22\/a90590ac-22f8-11e3-966c-9c4293c47ebe_story.html\" >Miss America Nina Davuluri fights post-pageant racism with a beauty queen\u2019s poise, by Maura Judikis \u2013 September 22, 2013 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/missosology.info\/forum\/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=217348\" >\u201c<em>What can be done to stop racism specially against Black in miss universe, miss world, miss earth and miss international<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Racism in international pageants \u2013 Mon Nov 18, 2013<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20120426-miss-black-france-beauty-contest-raises-eyebrows-questions\" >\u201c<em>A French beauty pageant exclusively for black women will take place for the first time in Paris on Saturday. The event has been endorsed by black associations and the organizer of the traditional Miss France contest, but other are crying foul<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 \u2018Miss Black France\u2019 pageant raises eyebrows \u2013 Updated 2014-04-28 \u2013 France24.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/panteres.com\/2015\/04\/02\/miss-japan-ariana-miyamoto-fight-against-racism\/\" >Miss Japan: Ariana Miyamoto fights against racism \u2013 April 2, 2015 \u2013 Panteres.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gmanetwork.com\/news\/story\/486002\/lifestyle\/mixed-race-miss-japan-fights-for-race-revolution\" >Mixed-race Miss Japan fights for race revolution, by Alastair Himmer \u2013 May 12, 2015 \u2013 GMANetwork.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Is \u201cAmerican Exceptionalism\u201d a National or Political Sense of Racism or Something Else? :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_exceptionalism\" >American exceptionalism \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/American_exceptionalism\" >American exceptionalism \u2013 New World Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digitalcommons.law.yale.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2737&amp;context=fss_papers\" >On American Exceptionalism, by Harold Hongju Koh \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-srv\/style\/longterm\/books\/chap1\/americanexceptionalism.htm\" >American Exceptionalism \u2013 A Double Edged Sword, by Seymour Martin Lipset \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/the-fix\/wp\/2013\/09\/12\/american-exceptionalism-explained\" >American exceptionalism, explained \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.allabouthistory.org\/american-exceptionalism.htm\" >American Exceptionalism \u2013 All About History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Limits-International-Law-Jack-Goldsmith\/dp\/0195168399\/ref=mt_hardcover?_encoding=UTF8&amp;me=\" >Book: <em>The Limits of International Law<\/em>, by Jack L. Goldsmith and Eric A. Posner (2005)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/08\/the-myth-of-american-exceptionalism\/\" >The Myth of American Exceptionalism, by Stephen M. Walt \u2013 TMS \u2013 Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/michael-gene-sullivan\/the-myth-of-american-exce_b_3928673.html\" >The Myth of American Exceptionalism, by Michael Gene Sullivan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/video.mit.edu\/watch\/the-myth-of-american-exceptionalism-9935\/\" >The Myth of American Exceptionalism, lectured by Howard Zinn, MIT Video (1h. 33 min. 02 sec.)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/the-myth-of-american-exceptionalism\/2011\/05\/09\/AF2rm0bG_story.html\" >The myth of American Exceptionalism, by Richard Cohen \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Assault-International-Jens-David-Ohlin\/dp\/0199987408\/ref=sr_1_7_twi_1_har?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1434025716&amp;sr=1-7&amp;keywords=international+law\" >Book: <em>The Assault of International Law<\/em>, by Jens David Ohlin (2015)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Some Other Pertinent Articles from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/\" >Transcend.org\/TMS<\/a>:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/04\/dr-martin-luther-king-jr-why-he-died-why-it-matters\/&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjd25ujvdTJAhUF5A4KHRjACWw4ChAWCBMwBQ&amp;client=internal-uds-cse&amp;usg=AFQjCNHsQfERSCx2DIc33Iq9ysOVMx2cqg\" > Martin Luther King, Jr. \u2013 Why He Died &amp; Why It Matters!<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2010\/06\/amazing-speech-by-iraq-war-veteran-%E2%80%93-discurso-inspirador-de-veterano-da-guerra-do-iraque\/\" >Amazing Speech by Iraq War Veteran<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/07\/hate-crime-racism-on-the-rise-in-southeast-asia\/\" >Hate Crime, <strong>Racism<\/strong> on the Rise in Southeast Asia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2012\/02\/tribalism-racism-and-projection-part-1\/\" >Tribalism, <strong>Racism<\/strong> and Projection (Part 1)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2012\/02\/tribalism-racism-and-projection-part-2\/\" >Tribalism, <strong>Racism<\/strong> and Projection (Part 2)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2011\/03\/subtle-racism-and-unemployment-push-gypsies-into-marginalisation\/\" >Subtle Racism and Unemployment \u201cPush Gypsies into Marginalisation\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2013\/08\/1982-citizenship-law-of-myanmar-and-myanmars-popular-racism\/&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=0ahUKEwis0pHuvNTJAhWC3iwKHVasA2AQFggPMAQ&amp;client=internal-uds-cse&amp;usg=AFQjCNF1v4HfJaavtDj2DoUnoU24BW6cAQ\" >1982 Citizenship Law of Myanmar and Myanmar&#8217;s Popular <strong>Racism<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/09\/japan-still-hobbled-by-racism-and-militarism\/&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=0ahUKEwis0pHuvNTJAhWC3iwKHVasA2AQFggMMAM&amp;client=internal-uds-cse&amp;usg=AFQjCNGNWhF2WQ1ITRdLNPRBAHBhOkdg6Q\" >Japan Still Hobbled by <strong>Racism<\/strong> and Militarism<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/11\/building-a-racially-just-society-psychological-insights\/\" >Building a Racially Just Society: Psychological Insights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/11\/under-israeli-apartheid-palestinians-cannot-ride-israeli-buses\/\" >Under Israeli Apartheid, Palestinians Cannot Ride Israeli Buses<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2011\/02\/ethnicity-and-indigenesettler-conflict\/\" >Ethnicity and Indigene\/Settler Conflict<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/08\/to-go-wide-or-deep-womens-peace-work\/&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=0ahUKEwig-Ya-v9TJAhUECiwKHaoyAoM4KBAWCB0wCA&amp;client=internal-uds-cse&amp;usg=AFQjCNHRjiqqVnYDHJ9ozX65lbqr_jMoGg\" >To Go Wide or Deep \u2013 Women&#8217;s Peace Work<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>The episode of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence\" >intercommunal violence<\/a> called <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloody_Christmas_%281963%29\" >&#8220;Bloody Christmas&#8221;<\/a> begins in Cyprus, ultimately resulting in the displacement of 25,000-30,000 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_Cypriots\" >Turkish Cypriots<\/a> and destruction of more than 100 villages.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Bloody Christmas of 1963 in Cyprus:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/web.deu.edu.tr\/ataturkilkeleri\/ai\/uploaded_files\/file\/dergi_26\/10%20Ulvi%20Keser.pdf\" >BLOODY CHRITSMAS OF 1963 IN THE LIGHT OF AMERICAN DOCUMENTS, by Ulvi Keser \u2013 DEU.edu.tr \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecypriotpuzzle.org\/bloody-christmas-in-cyprus-21-25th-december-1963\/\" >\u201cBloody Christmas\u201d in Cyprus 21-25<sup>th<\/sup> December 1963 \u2013 December 25, 2014 \u2013 TheCyprotPuzzle.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liveleak.com\/\" >Greek Barbarism in Cyprus: Bloody Christmas of 1963 \u2013 LiveLeak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/besparmakblog.blogspot.com\/2013\/12\/bloody-christmas-in-cyprus-21-25th.html\" >\u201cBloody Christmas\u201d in Cyprus 21-25<sup>th<\/sup> December 1963: 50 Years Remembered in \u201cThe Day A Village Died\u201d, by Chris Green \u2013 Thursday, 19 December 2013 &#8211; Be\u015fparmarkBlog<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tvinemedia.blogspot.com\/2014\/12\/we-remember-bloody-christmas-cyprus-21.html\" >We remember: \u2018Bloody Christmas\u2019, Cyprus 21-31 December 1963 \u2013 Sunday, 21 December 2014 \u2013 T- VINE<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rondane_National_Park\" >Rondane National Park<\/a> is established as Norway&#8217;s first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_park\" >national park<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1946_Nankai_earthquake\" >earthquake<\/a> of 8.1 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moment_magnitude_scale\" >M<sub>w<\/sub><\/a> and subsequent <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsunami\" >tsunami<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nankaid%C5%8D\" >Nankaid\u014d<\/a>, Japan, kills over 1,300 people and destroys over 38,000 homes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: A formal treaty of alliance between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thailand\" >Thailand<\/a> and Japan is signed in the presence of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emerald_Buddha\" >Emerald Buddha<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wat_Phra_Kaew\" >Wat Phra Kaew<\/a>, Thailand.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong>First flight of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Junkers_Ju_88\" >Junkers Ju 88<\/a> multi-role combat aircraft.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1923\u00a0 <\/strong>United Kingdom and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nepal\" >Nepal<\/a> formally signed an agreement of friendship, called the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nepal%E2%80%93Britain_Treaty_of_1923\" >Nepal\u2013Britain Treaty of 1923<\/a>, which superseded the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Sugauli\" >Treaty of Sugauli<\/a> signed in 1816.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Nepal-Britain Relations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nepal\/71.htm\" >\u201c<em>Nepalese-British relations spanned more than two centuries and generally were friendly and mutually rewarding. Since the Treaty of Sagauli of 1816, when Britain began recruiting Gurkha troops, the British have had continuous official representation in Kathmandu<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 <strong>Nepal<\/strong> \u2013 Britain \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nepembassy.org.uk\/nepal_britain_relations.php\" >Nepal Britain Relations \u2013 Embassy of Nepal, UK &#8211; NepEmbassy.org.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.country-data.com\/cgi-bin\/query\/r-9165.html\" >Nepal \u2013 Relations with Britain \u2013 Country-Data.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britainnepalmedicaltrust.org.uk\/docs\/Annual_Report_2014.pdf\" >200 Years of Britain-Nepal Relations \u2013 Britain-Nepal Medical Trust \u2013 Annual Report 2014 &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/speeches\/two-hundred-years-of-nepal-britain-relations-a-way-forward\" >Two Hundred Years of Nepal-Britain Relations: A Way Forward \u2013 speech by British Ambassador to Nepal, Andy Sparkers CMG \u2013 delivered 15 September 2013 \u2013 published 25 September 2013 \u2013 gov.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Nepal:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Nepal\" >History of Nepal &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/nepal-history.html\" >Nepal \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/nepal\/history\" >Nepal \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bharatonline.com\/nepal\/history.html\" >History of Nepal \u2013 Bharatonline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hikenepal.com\/nepal\/history.php\" >History of Nepal \u2013 HikeNepal.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nepal.com\/history\/\" >Discover the History of Nepal \u2013 Nepal.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nepalhomepage.com\/general\/history\" >A Brief History of Nepal \u2013 NepalHomePage.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thamel.com\/htms\/history.htm\" >History of Nepal \u2013 Thamel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-south-asia-12499391\" >Nepal profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1907\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chilean_Army\" >Chilean Army<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_School_massacre\" >commits a massacre<\/a> of at least 2,000 striking <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sodium_nitrate\" >saltpeter<\/a> miners in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iquique\" >Iquique<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chile\" >Chile<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>1907 Santa Mar\u00eda de Iquique Massacre:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/libcom.org\/forums\/history\/chile-1907-santa-mar%C3%AD-de-iquique-massacre-11122007\" >Chile: 1907 Santa Mar\u00eda de Iquique Massacre \u2013 org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onthisdeity.com\/21st-december-1907-%E2%80%93-the-santa-maria-school-massacre\/\" >21<sup>ST<\/sup> DECEMBER 1907: THE SANTA MARIA SCHOOL MASSACRE \u2013 OnThisDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/885560\/Historiography_and_Memory_the_1907_Massacre_of_Nitrate_Workers_and_their_Families_at_Escuela_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_in_Iquique_Chile\" >Historiography and Memory: the 1907 Massacre of Nitrate Workers and their Families at Escuela Santa Mar\u00eda in Inquique, Chile, posted by R. Green Rioja \u2013 Academia.edu \u2013 downloadable<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archive.worldhistoria.com\/santa-maria-school-massacre_topic21812.html\" >Santa Maria School Massacre \u2013 WorldHistoria.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onwar.com\/aced\/chrono\/c1900s\/yr00\/fchile1907.htm\" >THE INQUIQUE MASSACRE IN CHILE 1907 \u2013 OnWar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1879\u00a0 <\/strong>World premi\u00e8re of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henrik_Ibsen\" >Henrik Ibsen<\/a>&#8216;s <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Doll%27s_House\" >A Doll&#8217;s House<\/a><\/em> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Danish_Theatre\" >Royal Theatre<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copenhagen\" >Copenhagen<\/a>, Denmark.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1844\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rochdale_Society_of_Equitable_Pioneers\" >Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers<\/a> commences business at its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cooperative\" >cooperative<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rochdale\" >Rochdale<\/a>, England, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_cooperative_movement\" >starting the Cooperative movement<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1832\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egyptian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_%281831%E2%80%9333%29\" >Egyptian\u2013Ottoman War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egyptian<\/a> forces decisively defeat <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman<\/a> troops at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Konya\" >Battle of Konya<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1620\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plymouth_Colony\" >Plymouth Colony<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Bradford_%28Plymouth_Colony_governor%29\" >William Bradford<\/a> and the <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mayflower\" >Mayflower<\/a><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pilgrim_Fathers\" >Pilgrims<\/a> land on what is now known as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plymouth_Rock\" >Plymouth Rock<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plymouth,_Massachusetts\" >Plymouth, Massachusetts<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1598\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Curalaba\" >Battle of Curalaba<\/a>: The revolting <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mapuche\" >Mapuche<\/a>, led by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cacique\" >cacique<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pelantaro\" >Pelentaru<\/a>, inflict a major defeat on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_Empire\" >Spanish<\/a> troops in southern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Captaincy_General_of_Chile\" >Chile<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>DECMEBER 22<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Don%27t_Ask,_Don%27t_Tell_Repeal_Act_of_2010\" >repeal<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell\" >Don&#8217;t ask, don&#8217;t tell<\/a> policy, the 17-year-old policy banning homosexuals serving openly in the United States military, is signed into law by President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama\" >Barack Obama<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong>An ash dike <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingston_Fossil_Plant_coal_fly_ash_slurry_spill\" >ruptured<\/a> at a solid waste containment area in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roane_County,_Tennessee\" >Roane County, Tennessee<\/a>, releasing 1.1\u00a0billion US gallons (4,200,000\u00a0m<sup>3<\/sup>) of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coal\" >coal<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fly_ash\" >fly ash<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slurry\" >slurry<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burhanuddin_Rabbani\" >Burhanuddin Rabbani<\/a>, political leader of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Alliance\" >Northern Alliance<\/a>, hands over power in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a> to the interim government headed by President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamid_Karzai\" >Hamid Karzai<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hussein_Farrah_Aidid\" >Hussein Farrah Aidid<\/a> relinquishes the disputed title of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Somalia\" >President of Somalia<\/a> by signing the Cairo Declaration, in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cairo\" >Cairo<\/a>, Egypt. It is the first major step towards reconciliation in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somalia\" >Somalia<\/a> since 1991.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acteal_massacre\" >Acteal massacre<\/a>: Attendees at a prayer meeting of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catholic_Church\" >Roman Catholic<\/a> activists for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\" >indigenous<\/a> causes in the small village of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acteal\" >Acteal<\/a> in the Mexican state of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chiapas\" >Chiapas<\/a> are <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/massacre\" >massacred<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paramilitary\" >paramilitary<\/a> forces.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Acteal Massacre of 1997:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/acteal97.com\/\" >1997 Acteal Massacre \u2013 Acteal97.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB283\/index.htm\" >Breaking the Silence &#8211; <strong>The Mexican Army and the 1997 Acteal Massacre \u2013 <\/strong>The National Security Archive \u2013 GWU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lasabejas.org\/acteal\" >\u201c<em>The Acteal Massacre was a massacre of 45 people attending a prayer meeting of Roman Catholic indigenous townspeople, including a number of children and pregnant women, who were members of the pacifist group Las Abejas (&#8220;The Bees&#8221;), in the small village of Acteal in the municipality of Chenalh\u00f3, in the Mexican state of Chiapas. It was carried out on December 22, 1997 by unknown paramilitary forces<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 ACTEAL \u2013 LAS ABEJAS \u2013 LasAbejas.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/109450\" >\u201c<em>FOUR years ago this week, an armed band of masked Indians sprang out of the jungles of Chiapas in southern Mexico to launch the Zapatist uprising. Some 145 lives were lost, on one side or the other, during attacks on army outposts and police stations<\/em>.\u201d &#8211; Massacre in Mexico \u2013 Jan 1<sup>st<\/sup> 1998 \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dwkcommentaries.com\/tag\/acteal-massacre\/\" >Tag: Acteal Massacre &#8211; US Court of Appeal Affirms Dismissal of Compliant against Former Mexican President \u2013 DWKCommentaries.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archives_of_Terror\" >Archives of Terror<\/a> are discovered.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Archives of Terror:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/todayinhistory.tumblr.com\/post\/14608155794\/december-22nd-1992-the-archives-of-terror-are\" >December 22nd 1992: The Archives of Terror are discovered \u2013 THIS DAY IN HISTORY \u2013 TUMBRL.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/education.nationalgeographic.org\/thisday\/dec22\/archives-terror-discovered\/\" >\u201c<em>On December 22, 1992, files documenting the fates of thousands of Latin American dissidents were discovered at a police station in Asuncion, Paraguay. The files reported details of \u201cOperation Condor\u2026.The so-called \u201cArchives of Terror\u201d document assassinations, kidnappings, torture, secret imprisonments, and surveillance programs Dimed to eliminate political opposition<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 1992: Archives of Terror Discovered \u2013 NationalGeographic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aladin0.wrlc.org\/gsdl\/collect\/terror\/terror_e.shtml\" >\u201c<em>Discovered in 1992 in Paraguay, the holdings of the Archive and Documentation Center for the Defense of Human Rights (CDyA) have been described as &#8220;five tons of reports and photos detail[ing] the arrest, interrogation and disappearance of thousands of political prisoners during General [Alfredo] Stroessner&#8217;s 35-year dictatorship.&#8221; The first repository of its kind ever discovered in Latin America, the full Archive contains internal records produced by the Paraguayan security forces during the Stroessner regime, which was in power from 1954 to 1989. <strong>Paraguayans call it the \u2018Archive of Terror.\u2019<\/strong><\/em>\u201d \u2013 About This Collection &#8211; ALADIN<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>Armed opposition groups launch a military coup against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Georgia\" >President of Georgia<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia\" >Zviad Gamsakhurdia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croatian_Parliament\" >Croatian Parliament<\/a> adopts the current <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Croatia\" >Constitution of Croatia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>Final independence of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marshall_Islands\" >Marshall Islands<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federated_States_of_Micronesia\" >Federated States of Micronesia<\/a> after termination of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council\" >trusteeship<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>Berlin&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brandenburg_Gate\" >Brandenburg Gate<\/a> re-opens after nearly 30 years, effectively ending the division of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East<\/a> and West Germany.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communism\" >Communist<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Romania\" >President of Romania<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu\" >Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu<\/a> is overthrown by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ion_Iliescu\" >Ion Iliescu<\/a> after days of bloody confrontations. The deposed dictator and his wife flee <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bucharest\" >Bucharest<\/a> with a helicopter as protesters erupt in cheers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zimbabwe\" >Zimbabwe<\/a>, the political parties <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union\" >ZANU<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zimbabwe_African_People%27s_Union\" >ZAPU<\/a> reach an agreement that ends the violence in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matabeleland\" >Matabeleland<\/a> region known as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gukurahundi\" >Gukurahundi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Zimbabwe:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zimbabwe\" >History of Zimbabwe \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Zimbabwe\" >History of Zimbabwe \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/zimbabwe\/history\" >Zimbabwe \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/zimbabwe-country-africa-history.html\" >Zimbabwe \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.howstuffworks.com\/african-history\/history-of-zimbabwe.htm\" >History of Zimbabwe \u2013 HowStuffWorks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsencyclopedia.com\/Africa\/Zimbabwe-HISTORY.html\" >Zimbabwe \u2013 History \u2013 NationsEncyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bulawayo1872.com\/history\/zimhistory.htm\" >The History of Zimbabwe \u2013 Bulawayo1872.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sanweb.lib.msu.edu\/DMC\/African%20Journals\/pdfs\/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe\/vol26n1\/juz026001003.pdf\" >ZIMBABWE: PRE-COLONIAL HISTORY, DEMOGRAPHIC DISASTER AND THE UNIVERSITY, by David Beach \u2013 MSU.edu \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>The pivotal Third Plenum of the 11th National Congress of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Party_of_China\" >Communist Party of China<\/a> is held in Beijing, with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deng_Xiaoping\" >Deng Xiaoping<\/a> reversing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mao_Zedong\" >Mao<\/a>-era policies to pursue a program for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_economic_reform\" >Chinese economic reform<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong>The house of former British Prime Minister <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_Heath\" >Edward Heath<\/a> is attacked by members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army\" >Provisional IRA<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grande_Comore\" >Grande Comore<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anjouan\" >Anjouan<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moh%C3%A9li\" >Moh\u00e9li<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comorian_independence_referendum,_1974\" >vote<\/a> to become the independent nation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comoros\" >Comoros<\/a>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mayotte\" >Mayotte<\/a> remains under French administration.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atyrau\" >Atyrau<\/a> (Kazakhstan), Russia.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1971_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1971 Soviet nuclear tests \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/66\/3\/20.extract\" >Peaceful Nuclear Explosions in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia, by Kazuya Fujita \u2013 GeoScienceWorld.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cultural_Revolution\" >Cultural Revolution<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Daily\" >People&#8217;s Daily<\/a> posted the instructions of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mao_Zedong\" >Mao Zedong<\/a> that it is &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sent-down_youth\" >The intellectual youth<\/a> must go to the country, and will be educated from living in rural poverty.&#8221;(<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Down_to_the_Countryside_Movement\" >Down to the Countryside Movement<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Cultural Revolution:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/cultural-revolution\" >CULTURAL REVOLUTION \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.oxy.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&amp;context=decalages\" >On the Cultural Revolution \u2013 Anonymous tr. Jason E. Smith [Attributed to Louis Althusser \u2013 February 2010 \u2013 D\u00e9calages \u2013 Volume 1, Issue 1 \u2013 OXY.edu &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/modernchina\/f\/What-Was-The-Cultural-Revolution.htm\" >What Was the Cultural Revolution? \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Cultural-Revolution\" >Cultural Revolution \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chaos.umd.edu\/history\/prc3.html\" >The Cultural Revolution Decade, 1966-76 \u2013 The People\u2019s Republic of China: III \u2013 UMD.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/chinaciv\/graph\/9wenge.htm\" >Cultural Revolution \u2013 Washington.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/cultural-revolution.html\" >Cultural Revolution \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980\/china-1900-to-1976\/the-cultural-revolution\/\" >The Cultural Revolution \u2013 HistoryLearningSite.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/iis-db.stanford.edu\/docs\/115\/CRintro.pdf\" >Introduction to the Cultural Revolution \u2013 SPICE DIGEST \u2013 Stanford.edu &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/faculty\/watkins\/cultrev.htm\" >The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China, 1966-1976 \u2013 SJSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.socialismtoday.org\/118\/revolution.html\" >1968: year of revolution \u2013 SocialismToday.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/links.org.au\/node\/1326\" >China: Youth and the Cultural Revolution \u2013 LINKS \u2013 LINKS.org.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ljhammond.com\/essays\/my-youth.htm\" >My Youth in China, by Yafei Hu \u2013 LJHammond.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Up to the Mountains and Down to the Countryside Movement:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/chineseposters.net\/themes\/up-to-the-mountains.php\" >Up to the mountains, down to the village (1968) \u2013 ChinesePosters.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.uptothemountain.com\/index.html\" >UP TO THE MOUNTAIN DOWN TO THE VILLAGE \u2013 Chris Billing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sent-down_youth\" >Sent-down youth &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/~richards\/my_papers\/khalturin_NZ_1-42%20.pdf\" >A Review of the Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955 \u2013 1990, by Vitaly I. Khalturin, Tatyana G. Rautian, Paul G. Richards, and William S. Leith \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/historical\/DOENV_209_REV15.pdf\" >United States Nuclear Tests \u2013 July 1945 through September 1992 \u2013 US Department of Energy &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomcentral.com\/the-cold-war.aspx\" >The Cold War \u2013 AtomCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archure.net\/liberty\/nukenevada.html\" >NUKE TESTING in NEVADA \u2013 Archure.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Nuclear Weapons and the United States:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/231697.htm\" >Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verifications and Entry into Force of the CTBT \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/rls\/202015.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs &#8211; January 3, 2013 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2014\/04\/28-50-nuclear-facts\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons Today \u2013 April 28, 2014 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2012\/08\/the-future-of-the-us-nuclear-triad\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Michaela Dodge \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/1997_05\/nas\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Policy \u2013 Arms Control Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252183576_The_Future_of_the_U.S._Nuclear_Weapons_Program\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Linton F. Brooks \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/233254.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century &#8211; Rose Gottemoeller, Under Secretary\u00a0for Arms Control and International Security, \u00a0Dixie State University, St. George, Utah &#8211; October 21, 2014 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1956\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colo_%28gorilla%29\" >Colo<\/a>, the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gorilla\" >gorilla<\/a> to be bred in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Captivity_%28animal%29\" >captivity<\/a>, is born at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus_Zoo_and_Aquarium\" >Columbus Zoo and Aquarium<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ohio\" >Ohio<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1951\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Selangor_Labour_Party\" >Selangor Labour Party<\/a> is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Selangor\" >Selangor<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federation_of_Malaya\" >Malaya<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constituent_assembly\" >Constituent Assembly<\/a> of Italy approves the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Italy\" >Constitution of Italy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_People%27s_Army\" >Vietnam People&#8217;s Army<\/a> is formed to resist Japanese occupation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indochina\" >Indochina<\/a>, now <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\" >Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_Bulge\" >Battle of the Bulge<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >German<\/a> troops demand the surrender of United States troops at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bastogne\" >Bastogne<\/a>, Belgium, prompting the famous one word reply by General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthony_McAuliffe\" >Anthony McAuliffe<\/a>: &#8220;Nuts!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Battle of the Bulge:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/battle-of-the-bulge\" >BATTLE OF THE BULGE \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/worldwarii\/p\/bulge.htm\" >World War II: Battle of the Bulge \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historynet.com\/battle-of-the-bulge\" >Battle of the Bulge \u2013 HistoryNet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.army.mil\/botb\/\" >Battle of the Bulge \u2013 Army.mil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h1753.html\" >Battle of the Bulge \u2013 U-S-History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10006178\" >BATTLE OF THE BULGE \u2013 USHMM.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/films\/bulge\/\" >BATTLE OF THE BULGE \u2013 AMERICAN EXPERIENCE \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.army.mil\/books\/wwii\/7-8\/7-8_CONT.HTM\" >Book on the website: THE ARDENNES: BATTLE OF THE BULGE, by Hugh M. Cole \u2013 Army.mil<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler\" >Adolf Hitler<\/a> signs the order to develop the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V-2_rocket\" >V-2 rocket<\/a> as a weapon.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>V-2 Rocket:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/artillerysiegeweapons\/p\/v2rocket.htm\" >World War II: V-2 Rocket \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geog.ucsb.edu\/~jeff\/115a\/history\/v2.html\" >V-1 &amp; V-2 German Rockets \u2013 UCSB.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ethw.org\/V1_and_V2_Rockets\" >V-1 &amp; V-2 Rockets \u2013 Engineering and Technology History Wiki \u2013 ETHW.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V-2_rocket_facilities_of_World_War_II\" >V-2 rocket facilities of World War II \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stelzriede.com\/ms\/html\/sub\/marshwvr.htm\" >The V Rockets \u2013 Stelzriede.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hitlernews.cloudworth.com\/v2-rocket-von-braun.php\" >V2 Rocket \u2013 World War II in the News \u2013 Cloudworth.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/worldwar2\/timeline\/v1.htm\" >\u201c<em>The &#8216;V&#8217; came from the German word Vergeltungswaffen, meaning weapons of reprisal. The V-1 was developed by German scientists at the Peenem\u00fcnde research facility on the Baltic Sea, under the direction of Wernher von Braun and Walter Dornberger\u2026 By September of 1944, however, the Nazis introduced the <strong>V-2<\/strong> rocket, a liquid-fueled rocket that traveled at supersonic speeds as high as 50 miles, then hurtled down toward its target at a speed of nearly 4,000 miles per hour, smashing its 2,000 pound high explosive warhead into the ground without warning. Unlike the V-1, the <strong>V-2<\/strong> rockets could not be intercepted. Over a thousand were fired at London<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 History Place \u2013 World War II in Europe \u2013 HistoryPlace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Himar%C3%AB\" >Himar\u00eb<\/a> is captured by the Greek army.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong>Indian <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islam\" >Muslims<\/a> observe a &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Day_of_Deliverance_%28India%29\" >Day of Deliverance<\/a>&#8221; to celebrate the resignations of members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_National_Congress\" >Indian National Congress<\/a> over their not having been consulted over the decision to enter <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a> with the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1937\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lincoln_Tunnel\" >Lincoln Tunnel<\/a> opens to traffic in New York City.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GOELRO_plan\" >GOELRO economic development plan<\/a> is adopted by the 8th <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congress_of_Soviets\" >Congress of Soviets of the Russian SFSR<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1891\u00a0 <\/strong>Asteroid <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/323_Brucia\" >323 Brucia<\/a> becomes the first asteroid discovered using photography.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>DECEMBER 23<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>An agreement is made for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Nepal\" >Kingdom of Nepal<\/a> to be abolished and the country to become a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_republic\" >federal republic<\/a> with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Nepal\" >Prime Minister<\/a> becoming head of state.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Slovenia\" >History of Slovenia<\/a>: In a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovenian_independence_referendum,_1990\" >referendum<\/a>, 88.5% of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovenia\" >Slovenia<\/a>&#8216;s overall electorate vote for independence from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yugoslavia\" >Yugoslavia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Independence Movement of Slovenia in 1990:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1990\/12\/23\/world\/slovenes-to-vote-on-independence.html\" >SLOVENES TO VOTE ON INDEPENDENCE, by Brenda Fowler \u2013 December 23, 1990 \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovenian_independence_referendum,_1990\" >Slovenian independence referendum, 1990 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.on-the-matrix.com\/europe\/Slovenia.asp\" >\u201c<em>When the former Yugoslavia started to come unglued in the early 1990s, Slovenia was the first one out the door. They hit the ground running and have never looked back<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Slovenia \u2013 On the Matrix \u2013 On-The-Matrix.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Slovenia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/si.html\" >Slovenia \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Slovenia\" >Slovenia \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Slovenia\" >Slovenia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/slovenia.html\" >Slovenia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/slovenia.htm\" >Slovenia \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-17846376\" >Slovenia country profile \u2013 Overview &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Slovenia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Slovenia\" >Foreign relations of Slovenia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mzz.gov.si\/en\" >SLOVENIA: MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/europe\/si-forrel.htm\" >Slovenia \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovenia%E2%80%93United_States_relations\" >Slovenia-United States relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/self.gutenberg.org\/article\/WHEBN0000027347\/Foreign%20relations%20of%20Slovenia\" >FOREIGN RELATIONS OF SLOVENIA \u2013 Self.Gutenberg.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/keyword\/slovenia-foreign-relations-europe\" >News Articles on the foreign relations of Slovenia \u2013 Los Angeles Times \u2013 LATimes.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Slovenia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Slovenia\" >History of Slovenia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slovenia.si\/slovenia\/history\/\" >Slovenia \u2013 History \u2013 Slovenia.si<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/slovenia\/history\" >Slovenia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.destination360.com\/europe\/slovenia\/history\" >History of Slovenia \u2013 Destination360.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www2.arnes.si\/~krsrd1\/conference\/Speeches\/Granda_a_brief_history_of_slovenia.htm\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF SLOVENIA, by Stane Granda \u2013 Arnes.si<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Slovenian_history\" >Timeline of Slovenian history \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-17847681\" >Slovenia profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of Slovenia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Slovenia\" >Economy of Slovenia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/finances.worldbank.org\/en\/countries\/Slovenia\" >Slovenia \u2013 Country Summary &#8211; WORLD BANK<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/slovenia\" >Slovenia \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/slovenia\" >Slovenia \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slovenia.si\/business\/\" >Slovenia \u2013 Business \u2013 Slovenia.si<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Yugoslavia and Its Break-up:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/hi\/english\/static\/map\/yugoslavia\/\" >\u201c<em>The shape of Yugoslavia has changed profoundly since its creation in 1945<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Yugoslavia &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yugoslavia\" >Yugoslavia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.religioustolerance.org\/yugo_his.htm\" >A brief History of Yugoslavia \u2013 ReligiousTorrelance.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/yugoslavia-history.html\" >Yugoslavia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europeanhistory.about.com\/od\/thebalkansandturkey\/a\/Yugoslavia.htm\" >Yugoslavia, by Robert Wilde \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/geography.about.com\/od\/politicalgeography\/a\/fmryugoslavia.htm\" >The former Yugoslavia \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/didyouknow.org\/history\/yugoslavia\/\" >History of Yugoslavia \u2013 DidYouKnow.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fcnl.org\/resources\/newsletter\/jul99\/a_brief_history_of_yugoslavia\/\" >A Brief History of Yugoslavia \u2013 Friends Commission on National Legislation \u2013 FCNL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1989-1992\/breakup-yugoslavia\" >The Breakup of Yugoslavia 1990-1992 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN: US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Constitutions of the Federal People\u2019s Republic of Yugoslavia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1946_Yugoslav_Constitution\" >1947 Constitution of Yugoslavia (Constitution of the Federal People\u2019s Republic of Yugoslavia of 1947) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1953_Yugoslav_Constitution\" >1953 Constitution of Yugoslavia (Constitution of the Federal People\u2019s Republic of Yugoslavia of 1953) &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia\" >Chronology \u2013 Constitution of Yugoslavia &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency\" >United States Environmental Protection Agency<\/a> announces it has identified dangerous levels of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dioxins_and_dioxin-like_compounds\" >dioxin<\/a> in the soil of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Times_Beach,_Missouri\" >Times Beach, Missouri<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_war_in_Afghanistan\" >Soviet war in Afghanistan<\/a>: Soviet Union forces occupy <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kabul\" >Kabul<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghan<\/a> capital.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Soviet-Afghan War 1979 \u2013 1989:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War\" >Soviet-Afghan War &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Afghan-War\" >\u201c<em>Afghan War, in the history of Afghanistan, the internal conflict (1978\u201392) between anticommunist Muslim guerrillas and the Afghan communist government (aided in 1979\u201389 by Soviet troops)<\/em>.\u201d &#8211; Afghan War (1978-1992) \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Soviet-invasion-of-Afghanistan\" >Soviet invasion of Afghanistan: 1979 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/afghanistan-war.html\" >Afghanistan War \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fact-index.com\/s\/so\/soviet_invasion_of_afghanistan.html\" >Soviet invasion of Afghanistan \u2013 Fact-Index.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/afghanistan\/29.htm\" >COMMUNISM, REBELLIION, AND SOVIET INTERVENTION \u2013 Afghanistan &#8211; CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/u__-nvho8zdx\/the-soviet-afghan-war\/\" >The Soviet-Afghan war \u2013 Prezi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oocities.org\/h_marroquin\/Soviet-Afghanistan.html\" >AFGHANISTAN; IN DEFESE OF SOVIET MILITARY ACTION \u2013 OOCities.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.e-ir.info\/2010\/01\/03\/the-soviet-union%E2%80%99s-last-war\/\" >Why Did the Soviet Union Invade Afghanistan? , by Daryl Morini \u2013 Jan 3, 2010 \u2013 E-INTERNATIONAL RELATION STUDIES \u2013 E-IR.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.alternativeinsight.com\/Afghan_War.html\" >The Origins of the Soviet-Afghan War \u2013 AlternativeInsight.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historyofrussia.org\/russian-invasion-of-afghanistan\/\" >RUSSIAN INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN, by Andy Young \u2013 HISTORY OF RUSSIA \u2013 HistoryOfRussia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/updates\/asia-july-dec06-soviet_10-10\/\" >The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan \u2013 PBS News Hour \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thewashingtonreview.org\/articles\/the-kremlin-and-kabul-the-1979-soviet-invasion-of-afghanistan-in-retrospect.html\" >The Kremlin and Kabul: The 1979 Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in Retrospect, by Charles J Sullivan \u2013 September 2011 \u2013 TheWashingtonReview.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.guidetorussia.com\/russia-afghanistan.asp\" >SOVIET INVASTION OF AFGHANISTAN \u2013 GuideToRussia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghan-web.com\/history\/chron\/index4.html\" >Chronological History of Afghanistan \u2013 Afghan-web.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong>The 16 survivors of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1972_Andes_flight_disaster\" >Andes flight disaster<\/a> are rescued after 73 days, having survived by cannibalism.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1972_Nicaragua_earthquake\" >earthquake of 6.5 magnitude<\/a> strikes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicaragua\" >Nicaraguan<\/a> capital of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Managua\" >Managua<\/a> killing more than 10,000.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/a> officially becomes a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Single-party_state\" >single-party state<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Democratic Republic of Congo:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ciaworldfactbook.us\/africa\/democratic-republic-of-the-congo.html\" >CONGO, Democratic Republic of the \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/democratic-republic-of-congo.html\" >Congo, Democratic Republic of the, &#8211; Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/87\/the-democratic-republic-of-congo\" >Democratic Republic of Congo by Anup Shah \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13283212\" >Democratic Republic of Congo country profile \u2013 Overview &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad34\" >THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/democratic-republic-of-congo\/history\" >Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/worldatwar.net\/chandelle\/v2\/v2n3\/congo.html\" >Heart of Darkness: the Tragedy of the Congo, 1960-67 \u2013 WorldAtWar.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13286306\" >Democratic Republic of Congo profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Human Rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/Countries\/AfricaRegion\/Pages\/CDIndex.aspx\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Human Rights \u2013 Office of the High Commissioner \u2013 OHCHR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/africa\/democratic-republic-congo\" >Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 Human Rights Watch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/our-work\/countries\/africa\/democratic-republic-of-congo\" >Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 Human Rights \u2013 Amnesty International<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/drc\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/congo-dem-rep\" >Congo, Dem. Rep. \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/congo-democratic-republic-the-economy.html\" >Congo, Democratic Republic of the, &#8211; Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/democraticrepubliccongo\" >Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.our-africa.org\/democratic-republic-of-congo\/economy-industry\" >DP Congo \u2013 Economy and Industry \u2013 Our Africa \u2013 Our-Africa.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factts.com\/poorest-country\/\" >\u201c<em>Democratic Republic of the Congo is the world\u2019s poorest country\u00a0according to the data gathered by the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and CIA World Factbook. The wealth of a country is measured by GDP per capita<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Democratic Republic of the Congo is the world poorest country. &#8211; May 10, 2012 \u2013 Factbook &#8211; Factts.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a> at Mangystau, Kazakhstan.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1970_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1970 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Mangystau:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mangystau_Region\" >Mangystau Region \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/aboutkazakhstan.com\/mangystau-oblast\" >Mangystau (Mangistau) oblast, Kazakhstan \u2013 AboutKazakhstan.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING &#8211; CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_tenants_in_One_World_Trade_Center\" >North Tower<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Center_%281973%E2%80%932001%29\" >World Trade Center<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan\" >Manhattan<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City\" >New York, New York<\/a> is topped out at 1,368 feet (417\u00a0m), making it the tallest building in the world.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong>The 82 sailors from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Pueblo_%28AGER-2%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Pueblo<\/em><\/a> are released after eleven months of internment in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea\" >North Korea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong>Dedication of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tokyo_Tower\" >Tokyo Tower<\/a>, the world&#8217;s highest self-supporting iron tower.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong>First successful <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kidney_transplantation\" >kidney transplant<\/a> is performed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J._Hartwell_Harrison\" >J. Hartwell Harrison<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Murray\" >Joseph Murray<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>Seven <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_of_Japan\" >Japanese<\/a> convicted of war crimes by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East\" >International Military Tribunal for the Far East<\/a> are executed at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sugamo_Prison\" >Sugamo Prison<\/a> in Tokyo, Japan.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transistor\" >transistor<\/a> is first demonstrated at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bell_Labs\" >Bell Laboratories<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: After <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Wake_Island\" >15 days of fighting<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Japanese_Army\" >Imperial Japanese Army<\/a> occupies <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wake_Island\" >Wake Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_submarine_Papanikolis_%28Y-2%29\" >Greek submarine Papanikolis (Y-2)<\/a> sinks the Italian motor ship <em>Antonietta<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong>Discovery of the first modern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coelacanth\" >coelacanth<\/a> in South Africa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombia\" >Colombia<\/a> becomes a signatory to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires_Convention\" >Buenos Aires<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copyright\" >copyright<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty\" >treaty<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1921\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Visva-Bharati_University\" >Visva-Bharati University<\/a> is inaugurated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1919\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sex_Disqualification_%28Removal%29_Act_1919\" >Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919<\/a> becomes law in the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Magdhaba\" >Battle of Magdhaba<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_I\" >Allied<\/a> forces defeat <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Turkish<\/a> forces in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a>&#8216;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinai_Peninsula\" >Sinai Peninsula<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: Australian and New Zealand troops arrive in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cairo\" >Cairo<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve_Act\" >Federal Reserve Act<\/a> is signed into law by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Woodrow_Wilson\" >Woodrow Wilson<\/a>, creating the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Reserve_System\" >Federal Reserve System<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1893\u00a0 <\/strong>The opera <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hansel_and_Gretel_%28opera%29\" >Hansel and Gretel<\/a><\/em> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Engelbert_Humperdinck_%28composer%29\" >Engelbert Humperdinck<\/a> is first performed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1876\u00a0 <\/strong>First day of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constantinople_Conference\" >Constantinople Conference<\/a> which resulted in agreement for political reforms in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balkans\" >Balkans<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1823\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Visit_from_St._Nicholas\" >A Visit from St. Nicholas<\/a><\/em>, also known as <em>The Night Before Christmas<\/em>, is published anonymously.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1793\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Savenay\" >Battle of Savenay<\/a>: a decisive defeat of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_of_Bourbon\" >royalist<\/a> counter-revolutionaries in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e\" >War in the Vend\u00e9e<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Revolution\" >French Revolution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>DECEMBER 24<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army\" >Lord&#8217;s Resistance Army<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uganda\" >Ugandan<\/a> rebel group, begins a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2008_Christmas_massacres\" >series of attacks<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/a>, massacring more than 400.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chad%E2%80%93Sudan_relations\" >Chad\u2013Sudan relations<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chad\" >Chad<\/a> declares a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_war\" >state of war<\/a> against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudan\" >Sudan<\/a> following a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_18\" >December 18<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Adr%C3%A9\" >attack on Adr\u00e9<\/a>, which left about 100 people dead.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong>The Spanish police thwart an attempt by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ETA_%28separatist_group%29\" >ETA<\/a> to detonate 50\u00a0kg of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Explosive_material\" >explosives<\/a> at 3:55\u00a0p.m. inside <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madrid\" >Madrid<\/a>&#8216;s busy <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madrid_Chamart%C3%ADn_railway_station\" >Chamart\u00edn Station<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Airlines_Flight_814\" >Indian Airlines Flight 814<\/a> hijacked in Indian airspace between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kathmandu\" >Kathmandu<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nepal\" >Nepal<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Delhi\" >Delhi<\/a>, India; aircraft eventually landed at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kandahar\" >Kandahar<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>. Ordeal ended on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_31\" >December 31<\/a> with the release of 190 survivors (one passenger killed).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sid_El-Antri_massacre\" >Sid El-Antri massacre<\/a> (or Sidi Lamri) in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algeria\" >Algeria<\/a> kills 50\u2013100 people.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1994 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_France_Flight_8969\" >Air France Flight 8969<\/a> is hijacked on the ground at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Houari_Boumediene_Airport\" >Houari Boumediene Airport<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algiers,_Algeria\" >Algiers, Algeria<\/a>. Over the course of three days three passengers are killed, as are all four terrorists.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong>Witnesses report the first of several sightings of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rendlesham_Forest_incident\" >unexplained lights<\/a> near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RAF_Woodbridge\" >RAF Woodbridge<\/a>, in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rendlesham_Forest\" >Rendlesham Forest<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suffolk\" >Suffolk<\/a>, England, United Kingdom, an incident called &#8220;Britain&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roswell_UFO_incident\" >Roswell<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>The first European <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ariane_%28rocket_family%29\" >Ariane<\/a> rocket is launched.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/District_of_Columbia_Home_Rule_Act\" >District of Columbia Home Rule Act<\/a> is passed, allowing residents of Washington, D.C. to elect their own local government.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong>Nigerian troops capture <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Umuahia\" >Umuahia<\/a>, the last <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biafra\" >Biafran<\/a> capital before its dissolution became <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Owerri\" >Owerri<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong>The oil company <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phillips_Petroleum\" >Phillips Petroleum<\/a> made the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oil\" >oil<\/a> discovery in the Norwegian sector of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Sea\" >North Sea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_program\" >Apollo program<\/a>: The crew of <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_8\" >Apollo 8<\/a><\/em> enters into orbit around the Moon, becoming the first humans to do so. They performed ten lunar orbits and broadcast live TV pictures.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadair_CL-44\" >Canadair CL-44<\/a> chartered by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Armed_Forces\" >United States military<\/a> crashes into a small village in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>, killing 129.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viet_Cong\" >Viet Cong<\/a> operatives <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing\" >bomb the Brinks Hotel<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ho_Chi_Minh_City\" >Saigon<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a> to demonstrate they can strike an American installation in the heavily guarded capital.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/~richards\/my_papers\/khalturin_NZ_1-42%20.pdf\" >A Review of the Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955 \u2013 1990, by Vitaly I. Khalturin, Tatyana G. Rautian, Paul G. Richards, and William S. Leith \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1951\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libya\" >Libya<\/a> becomes independent from Italy. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Idris_of_Libya\" >Idris I<\/a> is proclaimed King of Libya.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Libya:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Libya\" >History of Libya \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa83\" >HISTORY OF LIBYA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/libyaweb.com\/History.html\" >THE HISTORY OF LYBIA \u2013 LibyaWeb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/libya\/3.htm\" >Libya \u2013 History \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/libya-history.html\" >Libya \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/libya\/23.htm\" >Libya \u2013 WORLD WAR II AND INDPENDENCE \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2db.com\/country\/Libya\" >Libya \u2013 World War II Database, by C Peter Chen \u2013 WW2DB.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13755445\" >Libya profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of Libya:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Libya\" >Economy of Libya \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/libya\" >LIBYA \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/libya\" >Libya \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/libya\" >Libya \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/libya-economy.html\" >Libya \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afdb.org\/en\/countries\/north-africa\/libya\/libya-economic-outlook\/\" >Libya Economic Outlook\u2013 AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: US General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dwight_D._Eisenhower\" >Dwight D. Eisenhower<\/a> is named <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Allied_Commander\" >Supreme Allied Commander<\/a> for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invasion_of_Normandy\" >Invasion of Normandy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: French monarchist, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fernand_Bonnier_de_La_Chapelle\" >Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle<\/a>, assassinates <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vichy\" >Vichy<\/a> French Admiral <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan\" >Fran\u00e7ois Darlan<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algiers\" >Algiers<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algeria\" >Algeria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuching\" >Kuching<\/a> is conquered by Japanese forces.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_Pius_XII\" >Pope Pius XII<\/a> makes a Christmas Eve appeal for peace.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1929\u00a0 <\/strong>Assassination attempt on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentina\" >Argentine<\/a> President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hip%C3%B3lito_Yrigoyen\" >Hip\u00f3lito Yrigoyen<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1924\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albania\" >Albania<\/a> becomes a republic.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Albania:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Albania\" >History of Albania \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Albania\" >History of Albania \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/motherearthtravel.com\/albania\/history-9.htm\" >History of Albania \u2013 MotherEarthTravel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/People\/History_of_Albania\" >History of Albania \u2013 Academia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-17681099\" >Albania profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wn.com\/history_of_albania\" >Illyrian people \u2013 History of Albania \u2013 WN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/albanianhistory.net\/\" >Texts and Documents of Albanian History \u2013 AlbanianHistory.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christmas_truce\" >Christmas truce<\/a>&#8221; begins.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radio\" >Radio<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reginald_Fessenden\" >Reginald Fessenden<\/a> transmits the first radio broadcast; consisting of a poetry reading, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Violin\" >violin<\/a> solo, and a speech.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1871\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aida\" >Aida<\/a> opens in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cairo\" >Cairo<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1865\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ku_Klux_Klan\" >Ku Klux Klan<\/a> is formed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>DECEMBER 25<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>Cassini orbiter releases <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huygens_%28spacecraft%29\" >Huygens probe<\/a> which successfully landed on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saturn\" >Saturn<\/a>&#8216;s moon <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Titan_%28moon%29\" >Titan<\/a> on January 14, 2005.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2003 <\/strong>The ill-fated <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beagle_2\" >Beagle 2<\/a><\/em> probe, released from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars_Express\" >Mars Express<\/a> spacecraft on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_19\" >December 19<\/a>, disappears shortly before its scheduled landing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong>Russian President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Putin\" >Vladimir Putin<\/a> signs a bill into law that officially establishes a new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Anthem_of_Russia\" >National Anthem of Russia<\/a>, with music adopted from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Anthem_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >anthem of the Soviet Union<\/a> that was composed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Vasilyevich_Alexandrov\" >Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikhail_Gorbachev\" >Mikhail Gorbachev<\/a> resigns as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >General Secretary<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> (the union itself is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >dissolved<\/a> the next day). <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine\" >Ukraine<\/a>&#8216;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukrainian_independence_referendum,_1991\" >referendum<\/a> is finalized and Ukraine officially leaves the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>Deposed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Romania\" >President of Romania<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu\" >Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu<\/a> and his wife, First-Deputy Prime-Minister <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elena_Ceau%C8%99escu\" >Elena Ceau\u0219escu<\/a> are condemned to death and executed after a summary trial.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>Israeli Prime Minister <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Menachem_Begin\" >Menachem Begin<\/a> meets in Egypt with its president <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anwar_Sadat\" >Anwar Sadat<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kilvenmani_massacre\" >Kilvenmani massacre<\/a>, 44 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dalit\" >Dalits<\/a> (untouchables) burnt to death in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kizhavenmani\" >Kizhavenmani<\/a> village, Tamil Nadu, a retaliation for a campaign for higher wages by Dalit laborers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_program\" >Apollo program<\/a>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_8\" >Apollo 8<\/a><\/em> performs the very first successful <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trans-Earth_injection\" >Trans-Earth injection<\/a> (TEI) maneuver, sending the crew and spacecraft on a trajectory back to Earth from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lunar_orbit\" >Lunar orbit<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yemen\" >Yemeni<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nasserist_Unionist_People%27s_Organisation\" >Nasserist Unionist People&#8217;s Organisation<\/a> is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ta%27izz\" >Ta&#8217;izz<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>Turkish Cypriot <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bayrak\" >Bayrak<\/a> Radio begins transmitting in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyprus\" >Cyprus<\/a> after Turkish Cypriots are forcibly excluded from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation\" >Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> as its final above-ground nuclear test at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR, in anticipation of the 1963 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Partial_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty\" >Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia &#8211; 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/~richards\/my_papers\/khalturin_NZ_1-42%20.pdf\" >A Review of the Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955 \u2013 1990, by Vitaly I. Khalturin, Tatyana G. Rautian, Paul G. Richards, and William S. Leith \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China\" >Constitution of the Republic of China<\/a> goes into effect.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>The first in Europe artificial, self-sustaining <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_chain_reaction\" >nuclear chain reaction<\/a> is initiated within <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F-1_%28nuclear_reactor%29\" >F-1 nuclear reactor<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>Admiral <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89mile_Muselier\" >\u00c9mile Muselier<\/a> seizes the archipelago of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon\" >Saint Pierre and Miquelon<\/a>, which become the first part of France to be liberated by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_French_Forces\" >Free French Forces<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Hong_Kong\" >Battle of Hong Kong<\/a> ends, beginning the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong\" >Japanese occupation of Hong Kong<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>Admiral <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chester_W._Nimitz\" >Chester W. Nimitz<\/a> arrives at Pearl Harbor to assume command of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Pacific_Fleet\" >US Pacific Fleet<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1932\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1932_Changma_earthquake\" >earthquake of magnitude 7.6<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gansu\" >Gansu<\/a>, China kills 275 people.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng\" >Vietnamese Nationalist Party<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christmas_truce\" >series of unofficial truces<\/a> occur across the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Front_%28World_War_I%29\" >Western Front<\/a> to celebrate Christmas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>DECEMBER 26<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>China <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High-speed_rail_in_China\" >opens<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_high-speed_rail_lines\" >world&#8217;s longest<\/a> high-speed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beijing%E2%80%93Guangzhou%E2%80%93Shenzhen%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_High-Speed_Railway\" >rail route<\/a>, which links <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beijing\" >Beijing<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guangzhou\" >Guangzhou<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pipeline_transport#For_oil_or_natural_gas\" >oil pipeline<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lagos\" >Lagos<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_Abule_Egba_pipeline_explosion\" >explodes<\/a>, killing at least 260.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orange_Revolution\" >Orange Revolution<\/a>: The final <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukrainian_presidential_election,_2004\" >run-off election<\/a> in Ukraine is held under heavy international scrutiny.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami\" >earthquake of magnitude 9.3<\/a> creates a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsunami\" >tsunami<\/a> causing devastation in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lanka<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India\" >India<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thailand\" >Thailand<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia\" >Malaysia<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maldives\" >Maldives<\/a> and many other areas around the rim of the Indian Ocean, killing over 230,000.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2003_Bam_earthquake\" >An earthquake of magnitude 6.6<\/a> devastates southeast <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iranian<\/a> city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bam,_Iran\" >Bam<\/a>, killing tens of thousands and destroying the citadel of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arg-%C3%A9_Bam\" >Arg-\u00e9 Bam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a> announces its intention to fire upon US and British warplanes that patrol the northern and southern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraqi_no-fly_zones\" >no-fly zones<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soufri%C3%A8re_Hills\" >Soufri\u00e8re Hills<\/a> volcano on the island of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montserrat\" >Montserrat<\/a> explodes, creating a small <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsunami\" >tsunami<\/a> offshore.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>Start of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1996%E2%80%9397_strikes_in_South_Korea\" >largest strike in South Korean history<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>Four <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armed_Islamic_Group_of_Algeria\" >Armed Islamic Group<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aircraft_hijacking\" >hijackers<\/a> seize control of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_France_Flight_8969\" >Air France Flight 8969<\/a>. When the plane lands at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marseille\" >Marseille<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Gendarmerie\" >French Gendarmerie<\/a> assault team boards the aircraft and kills the hijackers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union<\/a> meets and formally dissolves the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" ><em>For some more pertinent information, see, <\/em>\u201c<strong>1983 <\/strong>USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_%28magazine%29\" >Time<\/a>&#8216;s<\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_Person_of_the_Year\" >Man of the Year<\/a> is for the first time a non-human, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Personal_computer\" >personal computer<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" ><em>For some more pertinent information, see, <\/em>\u201c<strong>1983 <\/strong>USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist%29\" >Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist\u2013Leninist)<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: As part of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Linebacker_II\" >Operation Linebacker II<\/a>, 120 American <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress\" >B-52 Stratofortress<\/a> bombers attacked <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanoi\" >Hanoi<\/a>, including 78 launched from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andersen_Air_Force_Base\" >Andersen Air Force Base<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guam\" >Guam<\/a>, the largest single combat launch in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strategic_Air_Command\" >Strategic Air Command<\/a> history.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Vietnam War in 1972:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1972_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >1972 in the Vietnam War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vietnamgear.com\/war1971.aspx\" >Vietnam War Timeline: 1971-1972 \u2013 VietnamGear.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.upi.com\/Archives\/Audio\/Events-of-1972\/Vietnam-War-and-Deaths\/\" >1972 YEAR IN REVIEW \u2013 Vietnam War and Deaths \u2013 UPI.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.army.mil\/books\/DAHSUM\/1972\/ch03.htm\" >III The War in Vietnam \u2013 Operations \u2013 [1972] \u2013 Army.mil<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kwanzaa\" >Kwanzaa<\/a> is celebrated by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maulana_Karenga\" >Maulana Karenga<\/a>, the chair of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Africana_studies\" >Black Studies<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_State_University,_Long_Beach\" >California State University, Long Beach<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>Cardinal <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%B3zsef_Mindszenty\" >J\u00f3zsef Mindszenty<\/a> is arrested in Hungary and accused of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treason\" >treason<\/a> and conspiracy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1944 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_S._Patton\" >George S Patton<\/a>&#8216;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army_Central\" >Third Army<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Bastogne\" >breaks the encirclement<\/a> of surrounded U.S. forces at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bastogne\" >Bastogne<\/a>, Belgium.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: German warship <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_battleship_Scharnhorst\" >Scharnhorst<\/a><\/em> is sunk off of Norway&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Cape,_Norway\" >North Cape<\/a> after a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_North_Cape\" >battle against major Royal Navy forces<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >US President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a> signs a bill establishing the fourth Thursday in November as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thanksgiving_%28United_States%29\" >Thanksgiving Day<\/a> in the United States.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1925\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a> adopts the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregorian_calendar\" >Gregorian calendar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marie_Curie\" >Marie<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Curie\" >Pierre Curie<\/a> announce the isolation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radium\" >radium<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1883\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harbour_Grace\" >Harbour Grace<\/a> Affray between Irish Catholics and Protestant <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orange_Order\" >Orangemen<\/a> causes five deaths in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newfoundland_Colony\" >Newfoundland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1862\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dakota_War_of_1862#Execution\" >largest mass-hanging in U.S. history<\/a> took place in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mankato,_Minnesota\" >Mankato, Minnesota<\/a>, 38 Native Americans died.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1846\u00a0 <\/strong>Trapped in snow in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sierra_Nevada_%28U.S.%29\" >Sierra Nevadas<\/a> and without food, members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donner_Party\" >Donner Party<\/a> resort to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cannibalism\" >cannibalism<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1825\u00a0 <\/strong>Advocates of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberalism\" >liberalism<\/a> in Russia rise up against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicholas_I_of_Russia\" >Czar Nicholas I<\/a> and are put down in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Decembrist_revolt\" >Decembrist revolt<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_Petersburg\" >Saint Petersburg<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1811\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richmond_Theatre_fire\" >theater fire<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richmond,_Virginia\" >Richmond, Virginia<\/a> kills the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governor_of_Virginia\" >Governor of Virginia<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_William_Smith_%28politician%29\" >George William Smith<\/a> and the president of the First National Bank of Virginia <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abraham_B._Venable\" >Abraham B. Venable<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1806\u00a0 <\/strong>Battles of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Pu%C5%82tusk\" >Pultusk<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Golymin\" >Golymin<\/a>: Russian forces hold <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_French_Empire\" >French<\/a> forces under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon\" >Napoleon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1805\u00a0 <\/strong>Austria and France sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace_of_Pressburg_%281805%29\" >Treaty of Pressburg<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1799\u00a0 <\/strong>Four thousand people attend <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Washington\" >George Washington<\/a>&#8216;s funeral where <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Lee_III\" >Henry Lee III<\/a> declares him as &#8220;first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1793 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Battle_of_Wissembourg_%281793%29\" >Second Battle of Wissembourg<\/a>: France defeat Austria.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>DECEMBER 27<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009%E2%80%9310_Iranian_election_protests\" >Iranian election protests<\/a>: On the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Day_of_Ashura\" >Day of Ashura<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tehran\" >Tehran<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iran<\/a>, government security forces <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashura_protests\" >fire upon<\/a> demonstrators.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaza_War_%282008%E2%80%9309%29\" >Operation Cast Lead<\/a>: Israel launches 3-week operation on Gaza.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>Riots erupt in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mombasa\" >Mombasa<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenya\" >Kenya<\/a>, after <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mwai_Kibaki\" >Mwai Kibaki<\/a> is declared the winner of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenyan_presidential_election,_2007\" >presidential election<\/a>, triggering a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2007%E2%80%9308_Kenyan_crisis\" >political, economic, and humanitarian crisis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>Former Pakistani <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_minister\" >prime minister<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benazir_Bhutto\" >Benazir Bhutto<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination_of_Benazir_Bhutto\" >is assassinated<\/a> in a shooting incident.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radiation\" >Radiation<\/a> from an explosion on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnetar\" >magnetar<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SGR_1806-20\" >SGR 1806-20<\/a> reaches Earth. It is the brightest <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extrasolar\" >extrasolar<\/a> event known to have been witnessed on the planet.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2002_Grozny_truck_bombing\" >Two truck bombs<\/a> kill 72 and wound 200 at the pro-Moscow headquarters of the Chechen government in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grozny\" >Grozny<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chechnya\" >Chechnya<\/a>, Russia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong>China is granted <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Permanent_normal_trade_relations\" >permanent normal trade relations<\/a> with the United States.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taliban\" >Taliban<\/a> forces retake the strategic <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagram_Airfield\" >Bagram Airfield<\/a> which solidifies their buffer zone around <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kabul\" >Kabul<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taliban\" >Taliban<\/a> forces retake the strategic <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagram_Airfield\" >Bagram Airfield<\/a> which solidifies their buffer zone around <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kabul\" >Kabul<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romanian_Revolution\" >Romanian Revolution<\/a> concludes, as the last minor street confrontations and stray shootings abruptly end in the country&#8217;s capital, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bucharest\" >Bucharest<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_people\" >Palestinian<\/a> guerrillas <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rome_and_Vienna_airport_attacks\" >kill eighteen people<\/a> inside the airports of Rome, Italy, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vienna\" >Vienna<\/a>, Austria.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rome_and_Vienna_airport_attacks\" >\u201c<em>The <strong>Rome and Vienna airport attacks<\/strong> were two major terrorist attacks carried out on 27 December 1985. Seven Arab terrorists attacked two airports in Rome, Italy, and Vienna, Austria with assault rifles and hand grenades<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Rome and Vienna airport attacks &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jpost.com\/Features\/In-Thespotlight\/Timeline-Attacks-on-Jewish-targets-Israelis-abroad\" >\u201c<strong><em>December 27, 1985 <\/em><\/strong><em>&#8211; Guerrillas of Abu Nidal&#8217;s Fatah Revolutionary Council attack El Al counters at Rome and Vienna airports simultaneously, killing 19 people.\u201d<\/em> \u2013 Timeline: Attacks on Jewish targets, Israelis abroad \u2013 The Jerusalem Post \u2013 07\/19\/2012 \u2013 Jpost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1988\/02\/13\/world\/palestinian-gets-30-years-for-rome-airport-attack.html\" >Palestinian Gets 30 Years for Rome Airport Attack \u2013 Feb. 12, 1988 \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_John_Paul_II\" >Pope John Paul II<\/a> visits <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mehmet_Ali_A%C4%9Fca\" >Mehmet Ali A\u011fca<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rebibbia\" >Rebibbia<\/a>&#8216;s prison and personally forgives him for the 1981 attack on him in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Peter%27s_Square\" >St. Peter&#8217;s Square<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>For some more pertinent information, see \u201c<\/em><strong>1987 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR,<em>\u201d mentioned above.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>The Soviet Union <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_war_in_Afghanistan\" >invades<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan\" >Democratic Republic of Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>Spain <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_transition_to_democracy\" >becomes a democracy<\/a> after 40 years of fascist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dictatorship\" >dictatorship<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>For some more pertinent information, see \u201c<\/em><strong>1987 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR,<em>\u201d mentioned above.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_program\" >Apollo program<\/a>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_8\" >Apollo 8<\/a><\/em> splashes down in the Pacific Ocean, ending the first orbital manned mission to the Moon.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong>China detonates its first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/596_%28nuclear_test%29\" >nuclear weapon<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lop_Nur#Lop_Nur_Nuclear_Weapons_Test_Base\" >Lop Nor (Lop Nur)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Lop Nor Nuclear Weapons Test Site:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/710\/\" >Lop Nor Nuclear Weapons Test Base \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/china\/facility\/lop_nor.htm\" >\u201c<em>US satellite intelligence imagery of 6-9 August 1964 showed that the previously suspect facility near Lop Nor in Sinkiang was almost certainly a nuclear testing site<\/em>.\u201d &#8211; Base 21 Lop Nor \u2013 FAS.org<\/a>, <strong><em>or<\/em><\/strong><em> the same aticle on the website of<\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/china\/lop_nor.htm\" >org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/lop-nor.html\" >\u201c<em>Between 1964 and 1996, the People\u2019s Republic of China conducted 45 nuclear tests in Lop Nor, a lake region in the Western province of Xinjiang<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Lop Nor, China \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.drben.net\/ChinaReport\/Xinjiang_Uyghur_AR\/Bayin_Gholin\/Lop_Nor-Lop_Nuur-History.html\" >History of Lop Nor \u2013 The Shihezi Report<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/~felixw\/research\/LopNor.html\" >Nuclear Explosion Location at the Lop Nor test site, China<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>China\u2019s Nuclear Weapon Programs:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_China\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of China &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/specials\/testing-times\/16-october-1964-first-chinese-nuclear-test\/\" >16 OCTOBER 1964 \u2013 FIRST CHINESE NUCLEAR TEST \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction\" >China and weapons of mass destruction \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/country-profiles\/china\/\" >China \u2013 Overview \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/key-issues\/nuclear-weapons\/issues\/proliferation\/china\/index.htm\" >China \u2013 NuclearFiles.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB26\/index.html\" >The Chinese Nuclear Weapons Program: Problems of Intelligence Collection and Analysis, 1964-1972\u2013 edited by William Burr &#8211; \u2013 published March 30, 2000 \u2013 GWU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/China\/ChinaArsenal.html\" >China\u2019s Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Present Capabilities \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/efogg\/Public\/chinanuclear.pdf\" >The China\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Program and its Threat to the United States and Her Allies, by Erik Fogg \u2013 December 6, 2006 \u2013 MIT.edu &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/project2049.net\/half_lives_china_nuclear_warhead_program.pdf\" >\u201c<em>As such, the People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC) is improving its nuclear deterrent to undermine the coercive effects of other countries nuclear weapons. The People\u2019s Liberation Army\u2019s (PLA) Second Artillery Force is building a next generation intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), and the PLA Navy is gradually working toward the goal of fielding nuclear submarines capable of launching a new submarine launched ballistic missile (SLBM)<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 HALVE LIVES: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT CHINA\u2019S NUCLEAR WARHEAD LIFE EXTENSION AND SAFETY PROGRAM \u2013 Project 2049 Institute \u2013 June 29, 2013 &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/china\/nuke\/index.html\" >\u201c<em>The first Chinese nuclear test was conducted at Lop Nor on 16 October 1964 (CHIC 1). It was a tower shot involving a fission device with a yield of 25 kilotons. Uranium 235 was used as the nuclear fuel, which indicates Beijing&#8217;s choice of the path of creating high-yield nuclear weapons right away<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Nuclear Weapons \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearweaponarchive.org\/China\/ChinaTesting.html\" >China\u2019s Nuclear Weapons \u2013 China\u2019s Nuclear Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/world-nuclear.org\/info\/Country-Profiles\/Countries-A-F\/China--Nuclear-Power\/\" >Nuclear Power in China \u2013 WORLD NUCLEAR ASSOCIATION \u2013 World-Nuclear.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/soviet_policies_twrds_chinas_nuclear_weapons_prgm_1.pdf\" >THE NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION INTERNATIOAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES \u2013 Between Aid and Restriction: Changing Soviet Policies toward China\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Program: 1954-1960, by Zhihua Shen and Yafeng Xia \u2013 NPIHP Working Paper #2 \u2013 May 2012 \u2013 WilsonCenter.org &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2013-06-02\/china-nuclear-weapons-stock-grows-as-india-matches-pakistan-rise\" >China Nuclear Stockpile as India Matches Pakistan Rise, by Robert Wall \u2013 June 3, 2013 \u2013 Bloomberg.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/feature\/should-america-fear-chinas-nuclear-weapons-11046\" >Should America Fear China\u2019s Nuclear Weapons? ,by Robert Farley \u2013 August 10, 2014 \u2013 The National Interest \u2013 NationalInterest.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cave_of_Swallows\" >Cave of Swallows<\/a>, the largest known cave shaft in the world, is discovered in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aquism%C3%B3n\" >Aquism\u00f3n<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD\" >San Luis Potos\u00ed<\/a>, Mexico.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/events\/1961\/december_27_1961_124812.html\" >1961 Belgium and Congo resume diplomatic relations<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Belgian Congo:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgian_Congo\" >Belgian Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Belgian-Congo\" >Belgian Congo \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congo_Crisis\" >Congo Crisis &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thirdworldtraveler.com\/Blum\/Congo_KH.html\" >The Congo 1960-1964 \u2013 THE THIRD WORLD TRAVELER \u2013 TheThirdWorldTraveler.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/gah\/congo-civil-war-1960-1964\" >Congo Civil War 1960-1964 \u2013 BlackPast.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ultimatehistoryproject.com\/belgian-congo.html\" >\u201c<em>Of all African nations, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has had an especially tumultuous post-colonial experience.\u00a0 Formerly a Belgian colony, the DRC still faces violence in the eastern portion of the country as well as political, economic, and social instability throughout. There are many historical reasons for the DRC\u2019s instability but Belgian colonial education policies are a key cause of this instability<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Belgian Congo \u2013 Belgian Colonial Education Policy: A Poor Foundation for Stability \u2013 UltimateHistoryProject.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mercenary-wars.net\/congo\/\" >SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE: MERCENARY WARS \u2013 Congo 1960\/68 &#8211; Timeline and Archives of Pertinent Articles \u2013 MercenaryWars.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/frances-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >France performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/frnuks.shtml\" >Reggane<\/a>, Algeria.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>French Nuclear Tests in Reggane, Algeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reggane_series,_French_nuclear_tests\" >Reggane series, French nuclear tests \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/frnuks.shtml\" >Nuclear Weapons &#8211; French Atmospheric Nuclear Test Database \u2013 ZVIS.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/reggane.html\" >Reggane, Algeria \u2013 Nuclear weapons test site \u2013 The Nuclear Chain \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/forum.e-dz.com\/topic\/4636-reggane-france-tests-its-nuclear-bomb\/\" >Reggane, France Tests Its Nuclear Bomb \u2013 E-DZ Community \u2013 E-DZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerboise_Bleue\" >\u201c<strong><em>Gerboise Bleue<\/em><\/strong><em> (&#8220;blue jerboa&#8221;) was the name of the first French nuclear test. It was an atomic bomb detonated near Reggane, in the middle of the Algerian Sahara desert\u2026<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Gerboise Bleue &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/secretdefense.blogs.liberation.fr\/2010\/02\/13\/il-y-a-cinquante-ans-la-france-realisait-son-premier-essai-nucleaire\/\" >Il y a cinquante ans, la France r\u00e9alisait son premier essai nucl\u00e9aire \u2013 Jean-Dominique Merchet &#8211; 13 f\u00e9vrier 2010 &#8211; Lib\u00e9ration<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dark-tourism.com\/index.php\/algeria\/15-countries\/individual-chapters\/256-in-ekker-and-reggane\" >\u201c<em>The two nuclear testing grounds that France used in the Sahara desert in Algeria for its first atomic bombs in the 1960s. The very first of France&#8217;s A-bombs, code-named Gerboise Bleue, was detonated at the CSEM, Centre Saharien d&#8217;Exp\u00e9rimentations Militaires (&#8216;Saharan Military Experiments Center&#8217;), near <strong>Reggane<\/strong> on 13 February 1960 \u2013 right in the middle of the Algerian War (cf. Algiers \u2013 war museum). It was followed by another four atmospheric tests at the site. After Algeria gained its independence in 1962, France still carried on nuclear testing in the Algerian desert (under some kind of a special agreement), but moved to a different site near <strong>In Ekker<\/strong>, where testing recommenced underground<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 IN EKKER AND REGGANE \u2013 Dark-Tourism.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Some Pertinent YouTube Videos:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fFf0ZSpTR6U&amp;index=2&amp;list=PLYk2KDpzKVbVHTuoTS5keP6OzrGXtGvJV\" >(0:54 sec.): French Nuclear Test in Reggane \/ Algeria \u2013 View on Google Satellite \/ edited by Hakim Tabi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8ExXXinuFc0\" >(2 min. 21 sec.) L\u2019abominable crime nucl\u00e9aire fran\u00e7ais de Reggane en Alg\u00e9rie<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZZ0udF-zokM\" >(2 min. 48 sec.)\u00a0: Essais nucl\u00e9aires fran\u00e7ais en Alg\u00e9rie\u00a0: Graves r\u00e9percussions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=82QYuYgkygA\" >(10 min. 38 sec.): La Bombe Nucl\u00e9aire: Images d\u00e9classifi\u00e9es Full HD<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qeJbnMmtmT8\" >(1 h. 33 min. 23 sec.)\u00a0: Algerie\u00a0: Nucl\u00e9aire Alg\u00e9rien, nouvelles r\u00e9velations explosives\u00a0!<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Pertinent Reports:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.assemblee-nationale.fr\/rap-oecst\/essais_nucleaires\/i3571.asp\" >RAPPORT SUR LES INCIDENCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES ET SANITAIRES DES ESSAIS NUCLEAIRES EFFECTUES PAR LA FRANCE ENTRE 1960 ET 1996 ET ELEMENTS DE COMPARAISON AVEC LES ESSAIS DES AUTRES PUISSANCES NUCLEAIRES &#8211; Par M. Christian BATAILLE, D\u00e9put\u00e9 Et M. Henri REVOL, S\u00e9nateur &#8211; OFFICE PARLEMENTAIRE D&#8217;\u00c9VALUATION DES CHOIX SCIENTIFIQUES ET TECHNOLOGIQUES<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.senat.fr\/rap\/o97-179\/o97-1799.html\" >Chapitre II \u2013 LES PREMIERS ESSAIS FRAN\u00c7AIS AU SAHARA\u00a0: 1960-1966 \u2013 Bienvenue au S\u00e9nat \u2013 Senat.fr<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Radiation Contaminations in Reggane:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdfs\/HBWW_EN\/reggane_EN_web.pdf\" >\u201c<em>The French army conducted four atmospheric nuclear tests near Reggane, Algeria in 1960 and 1961, contaminating the Sahara desert with plutonium, exposing soldiers, workers and local Tuareg to radioactive fallout, and causing long-term health effects like cancer, infertility and genetic mutations<\/em>\u201d &#8211; Reggane, Algeria: Nuclear weapons test site &#8211; Nuclear-Risks.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/america.aljazeera.com\/articles\/2015\/3\/1\/algerians-suffering-from-french-atomic-legacy-55-years-after-nuclear-tests.html\" >Algerians suffering from French atomic legacy, 55 years after nuke tests, by Johnny Magdaleno \u2013 March 1, 2015 \u2013 Aljazeera America \u2013 Aljazeera.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.breakingthenuclearchain.org\/ippnw-poster-exhibition\/-\/asset_publisher\/r9B7\/content\/reggane-algeria-nuclear\" >Reggane, Algeria nuclear weapons test site \u2013 Breaking the Nuclear Chain \u2013 BreakingTheNuclearChina.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.earthisland.org\/yggdrasil\/algeria.pdf\" >The Aftermath of French Nuclear Testing in Algeria \u2013 EarthIsLand.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ennaharonline.com\/en\/news\/3241.atom\" >Algeria: radioactive waste of French nuclear testing in the open air \u2013 27 February, 2010 \u2013 Ennahar Online \u2013 EnnaharOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/ozatp-algeria-france-nuclear-idAFJOE6230HA20100304\" >French nuclear tests in Algeria leave toxic legacy \u2013 Thu Mar 4, 2010 \u2013 Reuters.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>France\u2019s Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/France\/FranceOrigin.html\" >France\u2019s Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Origin of the Force de Frappe<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/France\/FranceArsenalDev.html\" >France\u2019s Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Development of the Nuclear Arsenal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/france\/nuke.htm\" >France \u2013 Weapons of Mass Destruction \u2013 Nuclear Weapons \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Almanac\/Testing.shtml\" >Nuclear Test Sites \u2013 AtomicArchive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20140214-map-shows-huge-radiation-spread-french-saharan-nuclear-tests\/\" >Declassified files expose lies of French nuclear tests \u2013 France24.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/english.ohmynews.com\/articleview\/article_view.asp?menu=&amp;no=325785&amp;rel_no=1&amp;back_url=\" >History of French Nuclear Tests in the Pacific \u2013 Part I<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/english.ohmynews.com\/articleview\/article_view.asp?menu=&amp;no=327255&amp;rel_no=1&amp;back_url=\" >Part II<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/english.ohmynews.com\/articleview\/article_view.asp?no=339393&amp;rel_no=1\" >Part III<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/jul\/03\/french-nuclear-tests-polynesia-declassified\" >French nuclear tests \u2018showered vast area of Polynesia with radioactivity \u2013 3 July 2013 \u2013 The Guardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HdC1SaOATjs\" >YouTube video (16 min. 27 sec.): Nuclear Mentality &#8211; France<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_France\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of France \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesian_National_Revolution\" >Indonesian National Revolution<\/a>: The Netherlands officially recognizes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" >Indonesian<\/a> independence. End of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_East_Indies\" >Dutch East Indies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Indonesia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Indonesia\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/indonesia\/3.htm\" >Indonesia \u2013 History \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indo.com\/indonesia\/history.html\" >History \u2013 BALI &amp; INDONESIA \u2013 Indo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.asianinfo.org\/asianinfo\/indonesia\/pro-history.htm\" >Indonesia\u2019s History and Background \u2013 AsianInfo.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/indonesia.html\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF INDONESIA \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/indonesia\/history\" >Indonesia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Indonesia-history.htm\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Indonesia\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/indonesia-history.html\" >Indonesia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indonesiapoint.com\/history-of-indonesia.html\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 IndonesiaPoint.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thejakartapost.com\/resources\/indonesian_history\" >Indonesian History \u2013 TheJakartaPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Indonesian_history\" >Timeline of Indonesian history \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-pacific-15114517\" >Indonesia country profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Indonesia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factbook.org\/factbook\/id.shtml\" >Indonesia \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK &#8211; CIA<\/a>, <strong><em>or<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.net\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 Country Studies \u2013 The World Fact Book<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 Data \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/indonesia\/\" >Indonesia \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/indonesia.html\" >Indonesia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Indonesia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Indonesia\" >Foreign relations of Indonesia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eastasiaforum.org\/2014\/02\/04\/indonesias-foreign-relations-policy-shaped-by-the-ideal-of-dynamic-equilibrium\/\" >Indonesia\u2019s foreign relations: policy shamed by the ideal of \u2018dynamic equilibrium\u2019, by Dewi Fortuna Anwar \u2013 4 February 2014 \u2013 EAST ASIA FORUM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/indonesia\/indonesian-foreign-policy\/p31071\" >Indonesian Foreign Policy \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_%28Indonesia%29\" >Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia) &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Indonesia and the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia_and_the_United_Nations\" >Indonesia and the United Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.or.id\/en\/\" >Indonesia and the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.id.undp.org\/\" >UNDP Indonesia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/indonesiamission-ny.org\/pages\/HOME\" >Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations, New York<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mission-indonesia.org\/\" >Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations, WTO, and Other International Organizations in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Economy of Indonesia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Indonesia\" >Economy of Indonesia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/indonesia-economy.html\" >Indonesia \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indonesiapoint.com\/business-and-economy-indonesia.html\" >Business &amp; Economy of Indonesia \u2013 IndonesiaPoint.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adb.org\/countries\/indonesia\/economy\" >Indonesia \u2013 Economy \u2013 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Bank\" >World Bank<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Monetary_Fund\" >International Monetary Fund<\/a> are created with the signing of an agreement by 29 nations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>World Bank and the IMF:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/\" >World Bank Group \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/index.htm\" >International Monetary Fund Home Page<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/np\/exr\/facts\/imfwb.htm\" >Factsheet: The World Bank and the IMF \u2013 IMF.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/exrp\/differ\/differ.htm\" >The World Bank and the IMF: How Do They Differ? , by David D. Driscoll \u2013 IFM.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Problems of the World Bank and the IMF:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalexchange.org\/resources\/wbimf\/reform\" >Why the World Bank Must Be Reformed and How Can We Do It \u2013 GlobalExchange.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/04\/09\/opinion\/how-to-fix-the-world-bank.html?_r=0\" >How to Fix the World Bank, by Thomas J. Bollyky \u2013 April 8, 2012 \u2013 The New York Times &#8211; NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brettonwoodsproject.org\/\" >CRITICAL VOICES ON THE WORLD BANK AND THE IMF \u2013 Breton Woods Project \u2013 BretonWoodsProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/economics\/operational-problems-of-the-world-bank-and-imf-economics-essay.php\" >Operational Problems of the World Bank and the IMF: Economic Essay \u2013 UKEssays.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/15034376\/A_PROJECT_OF_THE_WORLD_BANK_OR_IMF_THAT_CREATED_PROBLEMS_FOR_THE_NATIONS_THAT_RECEIVED_ITS_ASSISTANCE\" >A PROJECT OF THE WORLD BANK OR IMF THAT CREATED PROBLEMS FOR THE NATIONS THAT RECEIVED ITS ASSISTANCE? , posted by Martin Nwadiugwu &#8211; downloadable<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Union_of_Pioneers_of_Yugoslavia\" >Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winter_War\" >Winter War<\/a>: Finland holds off a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> attack in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Kelja\" >Battle of Kelja<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erzincan\" >Erzincan<\/a>, Turkey, is hit by an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1939_Erzincan_earthquake\" >earthquake<\/a>, killing 30,000.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1929\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >Soviet General Secretary<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Stalin\" >Joseph Stalin<\/a> orders the &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dekulakization\" >liquidation of the kulaks as a class<\/a>&#8220;, ostensibly as an effort to spread socialism to the countryside.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greater_Poland_Uprising_%281918%E2%80%9319%29\" >Great Poland Uprising<\/a> against the Germans begins.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>History of Poland:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Poland\" >History of Poland &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Poland_%281916%E2%80%9318%29\" >Kingdom of Poland (1916-1918) &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab01\" >HISTORY OF POLAND \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/poland\/history\" >Poland \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Poland\" >History of Poland \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/poland\/\" >Poland \u2013 HISTORY \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/poland.html\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF POLAND \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/vjw\/Poland.html\" >Poland \u2013 The Virtual Jewish World \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rootsweb.ancestry.com\/~polwgw\/history.html\" >Timeline of Polish History \u2013 Roots Web \u2013 Ancestry.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/info-poland.buffalo.edu\/classroom\/maps\/task4.html\" >Historical Maps of Poland \u2013 Buffalo.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-17754512\" >Poland country profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>Second Poland Republic:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.traveltopoland.com\/en\/history\/second-polish-republic.html?start=1\" >Second Polish Republic (1918-1939) &#8211; From democracy to authoritarian government \u2013 TravelToPoland.com<\/a>, <strong><em>and<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.traveltopoland.com\/history\/second-polish-republic.html?aohc=&amp;pm=%3DY7p6W6y%2Fbe9kvv5x7ut&amp;h=3a50911aa9f1a3494d90651e2748edbccf2bbc90&amp;k=563348d39c1582218340.3251003&amp;ban=2218340&amp;zp=http%3A%2F%2Fzt1.zeroredirect1.com%2Fzcvisitor%2F77765fa2-7ef2-11e5-b59d-12fd62ce8bad&amp;time=1446201555\" >Second Polish Republic (1918-1939) \u2013 TravelToPoland.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/subtitle.clubfilm.ir\/index.php?q=uggcf%3A%2F%2Fra.jvxvcrqvn.bet%2Fjvxv%2FCevzr_Zvavfgre_bs_Cbynaq#Second_Republic\" >Second Republic \u2013 History of Poland (1918-1939) \u2013 ClubFilm.ir<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1831\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Darwin\" >Charles Darwin<\/a> embarks on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_voyage_of_HMS_Beagle\" >his journey<\/a> aboard the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Beagle\" >HMS <em>Beagle<\/em><\/a>, during which he will begin to formulate the theory of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evolution\" >evolution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1703\u00a0 <\/strong>Portugal and England sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Methuen_Treaty\" >Methuen Treaty<\/a> which gives preference to Portuguese imported <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wine\" >wines<\/a> into England.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1657\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flushing_Remonstrance\" >Flushing Remonstrance<\/a> is signed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>______________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.\u00a0 His interest and\/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project\/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental\/ecological issues, visual\/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment<\/em><\/a><em>, he is currently compiling <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/category\/history\/\" >This Week in History<\/a> <em>on <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/\" >TMS<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>(<em>Sources and references:<\/em><\/strong><em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/december_21\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/december_21<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to_december_27; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/events\/december\/21\" >http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/events\/december\/21<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to december\/27; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/december_21.html\" >http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/december_21.html<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to December_27.html; and other pertinent web sites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<\/em><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and\/or documents.<\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about \u201cpeace\u201d, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external\/outer peace and internal\/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and\/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address \u201cpeace\u201d through peace journalism.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dec 21-27 QUOTE OF THE WEEK: \u201cAlways remember to slow down in life; live, breathe, and learn; take a look around you whenever you have time and never forget everything and every person that has the least place within your heart.\u201d &#8212; Unattributed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67896"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67896\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}