{"id":68177,"date":"2015-12-28T12:00:07","date_gmt":"2015-12-28T12:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=68177"},"modified":"2015-12-27T18:20:03","modified_gmt":"2015-12-27T18:20:03","slug":"this-week-in-history-56","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/12\/this-week-in-history-56\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo.jpeg\"  rel=\"attachment wp-att-62806\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62806\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo.jpeg\" alt=\"TWH logo history\" width=\"600\" height=\"331\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Dec 28\u2013Jan 3<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>QUOTE OF THE WEEK:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyquote.com\/quotes\/quotes\/g\/georgesant139175.html\" >\u201c<em>Each religion, by the help of more or less myth, which it takes more or less seriously, proposes some method of fortifying the human soul and enabling it to make its peace with its destiny<\/em>.\u201d<\/a> \u2013 George Santayana<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>DECEMBER 28<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia_AirAsia_Flight_8501\" >Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501<\/a> crashes into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karimata_Strait\" >Karimata Strait<\/a> en route from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juanda_International_Airport\" >Surabaya<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Changi_Airport\" >Singapore<\/a>, killing all 162 people aboard.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roboski_airstrike\" >Roboski airstrike<\/a>: Turkish warplanes bomb 34 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kurdish_people\" >Kurds<\/a> of Turkish nationality in the district of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uludere\" >Uludere<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arab_Spring\" >Arab Spring<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010%E2%80%9312_Algerian_protests\" >Popular protests<\/a> begin in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algeria\" >Algeria<\/a> against the government.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Arab Spring:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/guides.library.cornell.edu\/arab_spring\" >Arab Spring: A Research &amp; Study Guide \u2013 Cornell University Library \u2013 Cornell.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/arab-spring.html\" >Arab Spring \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/middleeast.about.com\/od\/humanrightsdemocracy\/a\/Definition-Of-The-Arab-Spring.htm\" >Definition of the Arab Spring \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2011\/12\/17\/143897126\/the-arab-spring-a-year-of-revolution\" >The Arab Spring: A Year of Revolution \u2013 NPR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Arab-Spring\" >Arab Spring \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2014\/jan\/16\/leader-2-arab-spring-tunisia-egypt\" >The Arab Spring, made in Tunisia, broken in Egypt \u2013 January 16, 2014 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-30003865\" >Who are the winners and losers of the Arab Spring? \u2013 12 November 2014 &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.almanar.com.lb\/english\/adetails.php?eid=45439&amp;cid=31&amp;fromval=1\" >The Arab Spring: The Root Causes? , by Hamze Abbas Jamoul \u2013 Almanar.com.lb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/interactive\/2011\/mar\/22\/middle-east-protest-interactive-timeline\" >Arab spring: an interactive timeline of Middle East protests \u2013 March 22, 2011 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2012\/01\/02\/144489844\/timeline-the-major-events-of-the-arab-spring\" >Timeline: The Major Events in the Arab Spring \u2013 NPR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Arab_Spring\" >Timeline of the Arab Spring &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Arab Spring in Algeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fpif.org\/algeria_and_the_arab_spring\/\" >Algeria and the Arab Spring \u2013 Foreign Policy in Focus \u2013 FPIF.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010%E2%80%9312_Algerian_protests\" >2010-12 Algerian protest \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/Is%20Algeria%20the%20Odd%20One%20Out%20in%20the%20Arab%20Spring?\">Is Algeria the Odd One Out in the Arab Spring? \u2013 August 21, 2013 &#8211; The Northern Africa Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/leaders\/21600984-even-if-arab-spring-has-sorely-disappointed-dictators-even-benevolent-ones-are-not\" >\u201c<em>Even if the Arab spring has sorely disappointed, dictators, even benevolent ones, are not the answer<\/em>\u201d \u2013 The Lesson of Algeria \u2013 Apr 19<sup>th<\/sup>, 2014 \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asithappens.spaces.wooster.edu\/arab-spring-in-algeria\/\" >Arab Spring in Algeria \u2013 February 20, 2014 \u2013 Wooster.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rabah-ghezali\/why-has-the-arab-spring-n_b_844182.html\" >Why Has the Arab Spring Not Spread in Algeria? , by Rabah Ghezali \u2013 04\/-0\/2011 \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bloombergview.com\/articles\/2014-04-14\/algeria-s-forecast-arab-spring\" >Algeria\u2019s Forecast: Arab Spring, by Noah Feldman \u2013 Apr 14, 2014 \u2013 BoombergView.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctc.usma.edu\/posts\/algerian-foreign-policy-in-the-context-of-the-arab-spring\" >Algerian Foreign Policy in the Context of the Arab Spring, by Anauar Boukhars \u2013 January 14, 2014 \u2013 USMA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-algeria-arabspring-islamist-idUSTRE77H2LE20110818\" >Algeria \u201cnot immune to Arab spring revolt\u201d, by Lamine Chikhi \u2013 Thu Aug 18, 2011 \u2013 Reuters.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/programmes\/insidestory\/2012\/05\/201251465357500445.html\" >Is Algeria immune to the \u2018Arab Spring\u2019? \u2013 14 May 2012 \u2013 Aljazeera.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/publications\/issue-briefs\/no-arab-spring-for-algeria\" >No Arab Spring for Algeria \u2013 May 29, 2014 \u2013 Atlantic Council \u2013 AtlanticCouncil.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/login?auth=0&amp;type=summary&amp;url=\/journals\/journal_of_democracy\/v024\/24.3.volpi.html\" >Algeria vs. the Arab Spring, by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Volpi \u2013 JHU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Algeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ciaworldfactbook.us\/africa\/algeria.html\" >Algeria \u2013 The World Factbook \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Algeria\" >Algeria \u2013 Data \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Algeria\" >Algeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/algeria.html\" >Algeria \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/algeria\/\" >Algeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-14118852\" >Algeria country profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Algeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Algeria\" >History of Algeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/algeria-history.html\" >Algeria \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.algeria.com\/history\/\" >A Synopsis of Algeria\u2019s History \u2013 Algeria.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/algeria\/history\" >Algeria \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Algeria-history.htm\" >History of Algeria \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac92\" >HISTORY OF ALGERIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algerian_War\" >Algerian War (of Independence) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algerian_Civil_War\" >Algerian Civil War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/A-Bo\/Algeria.html\" >Culture of Algeria \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Culture_of_Algeria\" >Culture of Algeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/algeria\/l\/Bl-Algeria-Timeline-1.htm\" >Algeria Timeline \u2013 Part I: Prehistory to Colonization<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Algeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Algeria\" >Economy of Algeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/algeria-economy.html\" >Algeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.algeria.com\/economy\/\" >Algeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 Algeria.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/algeria\" >Algeria \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/algeria\/overview\" >Algeria \u2013 Overview \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/algeria\" >Algeria \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Algeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Algeria\" >Foreign relations of Algeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/algeria\/ri354\" >Algeria \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/8005.htm\" >US Relations with Algeria \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/algeria\/forrel.htm\" >Algeria \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arso.org\/Algerian_Foreign_Policy.doc\" >Some elements about the Algerian Foreign Policy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctc.usma.edu\/posts\/algerian-foreign-policy-in-the-context-of-the-arab-spring\" >ALGERIAN FOREIGN POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ARAB SPRING, by Anouar Boukhars \u2013 January 14, 2013 \u2013 USMA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/country-facts.com\/en\/country\/africa\/35-algeria\/69-algeria-foreign-relations-a-military.pdf\" >Algeria \u2013 Foreign Relations &amp; Military \u2013 Country-Facts.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Algeria and the United Nations:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.int\/algeria\/\" >Permanent Mission of Algeria to the United Nations, New York<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/embassy-finder.com\/algeria_in_geneva_switzerland\" >Permanent Mission to the United Nations of Algeria in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009_Karachi_bombing\" >Forty-three people die in a suicide bombing<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karachi\" >Karachi<\/a>, Pakistan, where <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shia_Islam\" >Shia<\/a> Muslims are observing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Day_of_Ashura\" >Day of Ashura<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_in_Somalia_%282006%E2%80%9309%29\" >War in Somalia<\/a>: The militaries of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somalia\" >Somalia<\/a>&#8216;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transitional_Federal_Parliament\" >Transitional Federal Government<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethiopia\" >Ethiopian<\/a> troops <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fall_of_Mogadishu\" >capture Mogadishu<\/a> unopposed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong>US retail giant <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montgomery_Ward\" >Montgomery Ward<\/a> announces it is going out of business after 128 years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1988 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1985 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endangered_Species_Act\" >Endangered Species Act<\/a> is passed in the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1988 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Il-sung\" >Kim Il-sung<\/a>, already <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Premiers_of_North_Korea\" >Prime Minister of North Korea<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Secretary_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea\" >First Secretary of the Workers&#8217; Party of Korea<\/a>, becomes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_North_Korea\" >President of North Korea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1988 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High-altitude_nuclear_explosion\" >atmospheric nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a>, USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovatmtest.html\" >Soviet Atmospheric Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/ussrnuks.shtml\" >USSR Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Database \u2013 Zvis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1956\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chin_Peng\" >Chin Peng<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Marshall_%28Singaporean_politician%29\" >David Marshall<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman\" >Tunku Abdul Rahman<\/a> meet in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baling\" >Baling<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federation_of_Malaya\" >Malaya<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baling_Talks\" >try and resolve<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malayan_Emergency\" >Malayan Emergency<\/a> situation.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Malayan Emergency:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Malayan-Emergency\" >\u201c<strong><em>Malayan Emergency,<\/em><\/strong><em>(1948\u201360), period of unrest following the creation of the Federation of Malaya (precursor of Malaysia) in 1948<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Malayan Emergency \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/wars_malaya.html\" >\u201c<em>Malaya in 1947 was made up of various ethnic groups; to understand many aspects of the emergency it is helpful to understand the background of these groups<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The Malayan Emergency \u2013 HistoryOfWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.awm.gov.au\/atwar\/malayan-emergency\/\" >Malayan Emergency 1950-60 \u2013 AUSTRALIAN WAR MEMORIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nam.ac.uk\/exhibitions\/online-exhibitions\/malayan-emergency\" >THE MALAYAN EMERGENCY \u2013 National Army Museum \u2013 NAM.ac.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historywarsweapons.com\/malayan-emergency\/\" >\u201c<em>The Malayan Emergency was an ideological armed conflict which was fought between a communist insurgent army of Malaya and the Commonwealth armed forces, from 1948 to 1960. The guerrilla army which started the war against the colonial government was the Malayan Communist Party\u2019s military arm, which was called Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA).<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Malayan Emergency \u2013 HistoryWarsWeapons.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pressurepointdefensivetactics.com\/malayan-emergency\/\" >Malayan Emergency \u2013 PressurePointDefensiveTactics.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/se-asia.commemoration.gov.au\/background-to-malayan-emergency\/causes-and-description.php\" >THE MALAYAN EMERGENCY (1948-60): Background \u2013 Commemoration.gov.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nzhistory.net.nz\/war\/the-malayan-emergency\" >MALAYAN EMERGENCY \u2013 NZHistory.net.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britishpathe.com\/video\/malayan-emergency\" >Malayan Emergency (1950-1959): Video (7 min. 13 sec.): British Path\u00e9 \u2013 BritishPathe.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/search\/malayan+emergency\" >MALAYAN EMERGENCY \u2013 Tumblr.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Malaysia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.malaysiahistory.net\/\" >Malaysia History \u2013 MalaysiaHistory.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Malaysia\" >History of Malaysia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/malaysia-history.html\" >Malaysia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/malaysia\/history\" >Malaysia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/malaysia\/p\/malaysiaprof.htm\" >Malaysia | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.2malaysia.com\/history.htm\" >MALAYSIA HISTORY \u2013 2Malaysia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Malaysia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/malaysia.htm\" >Malaysia \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 The World Bank<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 Data \u2013 The World Bank<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/topics\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographia.com\/malaysia\/\" >Malaysia \u2013 Geographia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tourism.gov.my\/en\/intl\" >Malaysia \u2013 Official Website of Tourism<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: After eight days of brutal <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urban_warfare\" >house-to-house fighting<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Ortona\" >Battle of Ortona<\/a> concludes with the victory of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1st_Canadian_Infantry_Division\" >1st Canadian Infantry Division<\/a> over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1st_Parachute_Division_%28Germany%29\" >German 1st Parachute Division<\/a> and the capture of the Italian town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ortona\" >Ortona<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Battle of Ortona:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/world-war-2.wikia.com\/wiki\/Battle_of_Ortona\" >Battle of Ortona \u2013 Wikia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/canadiansoldiers.com\/history\/battlehonours\/italiancampaign\/ortona.htm\" >Ortona \u2013 CanadianSoldiers.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/battle-of-ortona\/\" >Battle of Ortona \u2013 CanadianEncyclopedia.ca<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.flamesofwar.com\/hobby.aspx?art_id=251\" >The Battle for Ortona \u2013 FlamesOfWar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/battleofortona.weebly.com\/\" >BATTLE OF ORTONA \u2013 HOME \u2013 CAUSES \u2013 COMPONENTS \u2013 CONSEQUENCES \u2013 CANDA\u2019S ROLE \u2013 PRIMARY DOCUMENT ANALYSIS \u2013 Weebly.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hfdgames.com\/ortona.html\" >CHRISTMAS IN HELL \u2013 The Battle of Ortona: December 22-29, 1943 \u2013 HFDgames.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.warhistoryonline.com\/war-articles\/canada-war-battle-ortona-2.html\" >\u201c<em>For the Canadians, Ortona was the bloodiest battle of the Italian Campaign to date. The once pisturesque ancient village on the Adriatic coast has been reduce to rubble. Canadian and German troops clash daily, in bitter, house-to-house fighting. Snipers, booby traps and land mines were a constant threat as every building gained brought about a terrible cost in blood<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Canada at War: The Battle of Ortona \u2013 WarHistoryOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ortonabattle.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/what-happened-during-battle-of-ortona_3283.html\" >The Battle Of Ortona \u2013 BlogSpot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Anthropoid\" >Operation Anthropoid<\/a>, the plot to assassinate high-ranking <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazism\" >Nazi<\/a> officer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reinhard_Heydrich\" >Reinhard Heydrich<\/a>, commences.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Operation Anthropoid:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.army.cz\/images\/id_7001_8000\/7419\/assassination-en.pdf\" >ASSASSINATION: OPERATION ANTHROPOID 1941-1942, by Michal BURIAN, Ale\u0161 KN\u00cd\u017dEK, Ji\u0159\u00ed RAJLICH, Eduard STEHL\u00cdK \u2013 PRAGUE 2002 \u2013 Army.cz \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ww2inprague.com\/operatin-anthropoid\" >Operation Anthropoid \u2013 WW2InPrague.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.holocaustresearchproject.org\/nazioccupation\/heydrichkilling.html\" >The Assassination of Reinhard Heydrich \u2013 HolocaustResearchProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heydrich1942.com\/\" >\u201c<em>Operation Anthropoid was the code name for the plan to assassinate Nazi Obergruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich in 1942.\u00a0Many called Heydrich The Hangman of Prague.\u00a0Others called him The Blonde Beast. Heydrich had been installed as Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, with his office being based at the Hradcany Castle in Prague. Two soldiers from the Czechoslovak Army based in Britain were assigned to Operation Anthropoid.<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Heydrich1942.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historywarsweapons.com\/operation-anthropoid\/\" >Operation Anthropoid \u2013 HistoryWarsWeapons.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.militaryhistorytours.co.uk\/tours\/third-reich\/operation-anthropoid-prague-heydrich\/\" >OPERATION ANTHROPOID \u2013 MilitaryHistoryTours.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/search\/operation%20anthropoid\" >OPERATION ANTHROPOID \u2013 Tumbrl.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constance_Markievicz\" >Constance Markievicz<\/a>, while detained in Holloway prison, became the first woman to be elected <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Member_of_Parliament#United_Kingdom\" >MP<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom\" >British House of Commons<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1908\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1908_Messina_earthquake\" >earthquake of magnitude 7.2<\/a> rocks <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messina\" >Messina, Sicily<\/a>, Italy killing over 75,000.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1895\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen\" >Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen<\/a> publishes a paper detailing his discovery of a new type of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radiation\" >radiation<\/a>, which later will be known as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X-ray\" >x-rays<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1885\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_National_Congress\" >Indian National Congress<\/a>, a political party of India is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombay_Presidency\" >Bombay Presidency<\/a>, British India.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1867\u00a0 <\/strong>United States claims <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Midway_Atoll\" >Midway Atoll<\/a>, the first territory annexed outside Continental limits.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/events\/1836\/december_28_1836_50515.html\" >1836<\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spiritus-temporis.com\/1836\/\" >Spain recognizes the independence of Mexico<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>History of Mexico:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Mexico\" >History of Mexico \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Mexico\" >History of Mexico \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/mexico\" >MEXICO \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa79\" >HISTORY OF MEXICO \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.destination360.com\/north-america\/mexico\/history\" >Mexican History \u2013 Destination360.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mexperience.com\/lifestyle\/history-of-mexico\/\" >History of Mexico \u2013 Mexperience.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mexicanhistory.org\/\" >Mexican History \u2013 MexicanHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.facts-about-mexico.com\/history-of-mexico.html\" >The History of Mexico \u2013 Facts-About-Mexico.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ueinternational.org\/Mexico_info\/Mexico_history.php\" >A Brief History of Mexico \u2013 UEInternational.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Independence of Mexico from Spain:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Some sources show different dates when Mexico gained its independence. For instance, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gospain.about.com\/od\/factsaboutspain\/f\/mexico_independence.htm\" >About.com shows September 27, 1821<\/a>, while <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/spain-accepts-mexican-independence\" >History.com indicates \u201cSpain accepts Mexican independence\u201d on August 24, 1821<\/a>. TWH (This Week in History) takes the date Wikipedia shows, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_attempts_to_reconquer_Mexico#Battle_of_Tampico\" >December 28, 1836, as mentioned below<\/a>. Both <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/events\/1836\/december_28_1836_50515.html\" >Brainy History<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spiritus-temporis.com\/1836\/\" >Spiritus-Temporis<\/a> also indicate \u201cDecember 28, 1836\u201d. Note that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.presidiolabahia.org\/mex_ind.htm\" >Mexico\u2019s Independence Day as a national day is September 16<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_attempts_to_reconquer_Mexico#Battle_of_Tampico\" >\u201c<em>Finally On December 28, 1836, Spain recognized the independence of Mexico under the Santa Mar\u00eda\u2013Calatrava Treaty, signed in Madrid by the Mexican Commissioner Miguel Santa Mar\u00eda and the Spanish state minister Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Calatrava<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Battle of Tamprico &#8211; Spanish attempts to reconquer Mexico \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/chnm.gmu.edu\/declaration\/vazquez.html\" >The Mexican Declaration of Independence, by Josefina Zoraida V\u00e1zquez \u2013 GMU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mexperience.com\/lifestyle\/history-of-mexico\/independence-from-spain\/\" >Independence from Spain \u2013 Mexperience.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tamu.edu\/faculty\/ccbn\/dewitt\/mexicanrev.htm\" >Mexican Independence \u2013 TAMU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.studymode.com\/essays\/Mexican-Independence-From-Spain-163844.html\" >Mexican Independence from Spain \u2013 StudyMode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Mexican_Empire\" >Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexican_War_of_Independence\" >Mexican War of Independence \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/mexican-war-of-independence-begins\" >SEP 16,1810: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Mexican War of Independence begins \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/tshaonline.org\/handbook\/online\/articles\/qdmcg\" >MEXICAN WAR OF INDPENDENCE \u2013 TSHAOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.donquijote.org\/culture\/mexico\/history\/mexican-independence\" >\u201c<em>The Mexican war of Independence began in 1810, when the nontraditional Father Miguel Hidalgo (1753-1811), a Creole priest known for gambling, having children out of wedlock, and tirelessly working with indigenous and mestizo communities to achieve economic sustainability, called for revolution in the town of Dolores on September 16<sup>th<\/sup><\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Mexican War of Independence \u2013 Donquijote.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1836\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Australia\" >South Australia<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adelaide\" >Adelaide<\/a> are founded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1835\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osceola\" >Osceola<\/a> leads his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seminole\" >Seminole<\/a> warriors in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florida\" >Florida<\/a> into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Seminole_War\" >Second Seminole War<\/a> against the United States Army.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1824\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bathurst_War\" >Bathurst War<\/a> comes to an end with the surrender of the Wiradjuri.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DECEMBER 29<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_2013_Volgograd_bombings\" >suicide bomb attack<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volgograd_railway_station\" >Volgograd-1 railway station<\/a> in the southern Russian city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volgograd\" >Volgograd<\/a> kills at least 18 people and wounds 40 others.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>UK settles its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-American_loan\" >Anglo-American loan<\/a>, post-WWII loan debt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong>The last known speaker of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Akkala_Sami_language\" >Akkala Sami<\/a> dies, rendering the language extinct.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>Leaders of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khmer_Rouge\" >Khmer Rouge<\/a> apologize for the 1970s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genocide\" >genocide<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodia\" >Cambodia<\/a> that claimed over one million lives.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong>Hong Kong begins to kill all the nation&#8217;s 1.25 million chickens to stop the spread of a potentially deadly <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Influenza\" >influenza<\/a> strain.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guatemala\" >Guatemala<\/a> and leaders of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guatemalan_National_Revolutionary_Unity\" >Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity<\/a> sign a peace accord ending a 36-year <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guatemalan_Civil_War\" >civil war<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Guatemala:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/gt.html\" >GUATEMALA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Guatemala\" >Guatemala \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Guatemala\" >Guatemala \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/guatemala.html\" >Guatemala \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19635877\" >Guatemala country profile \u2013 Overview &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Guatemala:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Guatemala\" >Foreign relations of Guatemala \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/guatemala\/ri333\" >Guatemala \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2045.htm\" >US Relations With Guatemala \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/historicaldocuments\/frus1952-54Guat\/d33\" >Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952-1954 Retrospective Volume, Guatemala, Document 33 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Guatemala:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Guatemala\" >History of Guatemala \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac12\" >HISTORY OF GUATEMALA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/guatemala\/history\" >Guatemala \u2013 History \u2013 LonleyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsencyclopedia.com\/Americas\/Guatemala-HISTORY.html\" >Guatemala \u2013 History \u2013 NationsEncyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.travelingguatemala.com\/history.htm\" >Guatemala history \u2013 TravelingGuatemala.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19636725\" >Guatemala profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Economy of Guatemala:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Guatemala\" >Economy of Guatemala \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/guatemala\" >Guatemala \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/guatemala\" >Guatemala \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/guatemala\" >Guatemala \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fernando_Collor_de_Mello\" >Fernando Collor de Mello<\/a>, president of Brazil, tries to resign amidst corruption charges, but is then impeached.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>Riots break-out after Hong Kong decides to forcibly repatriate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\" >Vietnamese<\/a> refugees.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>US announces withdrawal from UNESCO.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Withdrawal of the United States from UNESCO:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/1983\/1229\/122919.html\" >Dissatisfied with UNESCO, US gives notice of withdrawal, by Danial Southerland \u2013 December 29, 1983 \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor \u2013 CSMonitor.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1983\/12\/30\/world\/us-is-quitting-unesco-affirms-backing-for-un.html\" >US IS QUITTING UNESCO, AFFIRMS BACKING FOR UN, by Bernard Gwertzman \u2013 December 30, 1983 \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/1984\/12\/unesco-time-to-leave\" >\u201c<em>In December 1983, the United States served notice on the United Nations Educational, scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) that it intended to leave that organization at the end of 1984. The time to implement that decision has now come<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 UNESCO \u2013 Time To Leave \u2013 12\/10\/84 68 \u2013 Heritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20692815?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\" >THE UNITED STATES WITHDRAWAL FROM UNESCO \u2013 American Society of International Law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1984\/12\/20\/world\/text-of-statement-by-us-on-its-withdrawal-from-unesco.html\" >TEXT OF STATEMENT BY US ON ITS WITHDRAWAL FROM UNESCO \u2013 December 20, 1984 \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregory_J._Newell\" >\u201c<em>In 1983 through 1985, Newell criticized UNESCO for inefficient managing of funds and becoming unduly politicized, backing liberation groups such as the Palestine Liberation Organization and attacking press freedoms\u2026. Newell said the US would rejoin UNESCO if it returns to its original purpose. President Reagan agreed and the U.S. pulled out of UNESCO in 1985 (to return later under George W. Bush)<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Gregory J. Newell &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong>A bomb <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LaGuardia_Airport#Accidents_and_incidents\" >explodes<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LaGuardia_Airport\" >LaGuardia Airport<\/a> in New York City, killing 11 people and injuring 74.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_Air_Lines_Flight_401\" >Eastern Air Lines Flight 401<\/a> (a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lockheed_L-1011_TriStar\" >Lockheed L-1011 TriStar<\/a>) crashes on approach to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miami_International_Airport\" >Miami International Airport<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florida\" >Florida<\/a>, killing 101.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong>Physicist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Feynman\" >Richard Feynman<\/a> gives a speech entitled &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/There%27s_Plenty_of_Room_at_the_Bottom\" >There&#8217;s Plenty of Room at the Bottom<\/a>&#8220;, which is regarded as the birth of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanotechnology\" >nanotechnology<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KC2XAK\" >KC2XAK<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bridgeport,_Connecticut\" >Bridgeport, Connecticut<\/a> becomes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ultra_high_frequency\" >Ultra high frequency<\/a> (UHF) television station to operate a daily schedule.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: In the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Great_Fire_of_London\" >Second Great Fire of London<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luftwaffe\" >Luftwaffe<\/a> fire-bombs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London\" >London, England<\/a>, UK, killing almost 200 civilians.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1937\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Free_State\" >Irish Free State<\/a> is replaced by a new state called <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Ireland\" >Ireland<\/a> with the adoption of a new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Ireland\" >constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1934\u00a0 <\/strong>Japan renounces the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_Naval_Treaty\" >Washington Naval Treaty<\/a> of 1922 and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London_Naval_Treaty\" >London Naval Treaty<\/a> of 1930.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Naval Disarmament Treaties:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pwencycl.kgbudge.com\/N\/a\/Naval_Disarmament_Treaties.htm\" >Naval Disarmament Treaties \u2013 The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pediaview.com\/openpedia\/Washington_Naval_Treaty\" >Washington Naval Treaty \u2013 PediaView.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1921-1936\/naval-conference\" >The Washington Naval Conference, 1921-1922 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/totallyhistory.com\/washington-naval-conference\/\" >Washington Naval Conference \u2013 TotallyHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/naval-arms-control-1935.htm\" >London Naval Conference (December 1935- March 1936) \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/search\/london%20naval%20treaty\" >London naval treaty \u2013 Tumblr.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/japan\/31.htm\" >Diplomacy \u2013 Japan \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwar1atsea.net\/WW2MiscPreWar.htm\" >Timeline \u2013 Political and Naval 1919\/1921 \u2013 1939<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Washington Naval Treaty of 1922:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/pha\/pre-war\/1922\/nav_lim.html\" >Treaty Between the United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy, and Japan, Signed at Washington, February 6, 1922<\/a>, <strong><em>or <\/em><\/strong><em>the same text on this site:<\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2ships.com\/documents\/doc0003-wash1922.shtml\" >THE 1922 WASHINGTON NAVAL TREATY \u2013 WW2Ships.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>London Naval Treaty of 1930:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.microworks.net\/pacific\/road_to_war\/london_treaty.htm\" >International Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament of 1933<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1930\u00a0 <\/strong>Sir <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Iqbal\" >Muhammad Iqbal<\/a>&#8216;s presidential address in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allahabad\" >Allahabad<\/a> introduces the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Two-nation_theory\" >two-nation theory<\/a> and outlines a vision for the creation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Portrait_of_the_Artist_as_a_Young_Man\" >A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man<\/a><\/em>, the first novel by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Joyce\" >James Joyce<\/a>, was first published as a book by an American publishing house B. W. Huebschis after it had been serialized in <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Egoist_%28periodical%29\" >The Egoist<\/a><\/em> (1914\u201315).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sun_Yat-sen\" >Sun Yat-sen<\/a> becomes the provisional President of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_China_%281912%E2%80%9349%29\" >Republic of China<\/a>; he formally takes office on January 1, 1912.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mongolia\" >Mongolia<\/a> gains independence from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qing_dynasty\" >Qing dynasty<\/a>, enthroning <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bogd_Khan\" >9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu<\/a> as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khagan_of_Mongolia\" >Khagan of Mongolia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1895\u00a0 <\/strong>The botched <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jameson_Raid\" >Jameson Raid<\/a> began in Johannesburg.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1890\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wounded_Knee_Massacre\" >Wounded Knee Massacre<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pine_Ridge_Indian_Reservation\" >Pine Ridge Indian Reservation<\/a>, 300 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lakota_people\" >Lakota<\/a> killed by the United States <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7th_Cavalry_Regiment\" >7th Cavalry Regiment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1874\u00a0 <\/strong>The military coup of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez-Campos_y_Ant%C3%B3n\" >Gen. Martinez Campos<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sagunto\" >Sagunto<\/a> ends the failed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Spanish_Republic\" >First Spanish Republic<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfonso_XII_of_Spain\" >Prince Alfonso<\/a> is proclaimed King of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spain\" >Spain<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1860\u00a0 <\/strong>The first British seagoing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ironclad_warship\" >ironclad warship<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Warrior_%281860%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Warrior<\/em><\/a> is launched.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1851\u00a0 <\/strong>The first American <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YMCA\" >YMCA<\/a> opens in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boston\" >Boston, Massachusetts<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1835\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_New_Echota\" >Treaty of New Echota<\/a> is signed, ceding all the lands of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cherokee\" >Cherokee<\/a> east of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mississippi_River\" >Mississippi River<\/a> to the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DECEMBER 30<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>More than 100 people are killed when anti-government forces <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_2013_Kinshasa_attacks\" >attack<\/a> key buildings in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kinshasa\" >Kinshasa<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>Owing to a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samoa_Time_Zone\" >change of time zone<\/a> the day is skipped in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samoa\" >Samoa<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tokelau\" >Tokelau<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>A suicide bomber <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camp_Chapman_attack\" >kills<\/a> nine people at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forward_Operating_Base_Chapman\" >Forward Operating Base Chapman<\/a>, a key facility of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\" >Central Intelligence Agency<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>A segment of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lanzhou%E2%80%93Zhengzhou%E2%80%93Changsha_pipeline\" >Lanzhou\u2013Zhengzhou\u2013Changsha pipeline<\/a> ruptures in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shaanxi\" >Shaanxi<\/a>, China, and approximately 150,000\u00a0l (40,000\u00a0US\u00a0gal) of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diesel_fuel\" >diesel oil<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_River_oil_spill\" >flows down<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wei_River\" >Wei River<\/a> before finally reaching the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_River\" >Yellow River<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>Former <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Iraq\" >President of Iraq<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saddam_Hussein\" >Saddam Hussein<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein\" >is executed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>The Indonesian passenger ferry <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MV_Senopati_Nusantara\" >MV\u00a0<em>Senopati Nusantara<\/em><\/a> sinks in a storm, resulting in at least 400 deaths.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>A fire in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rep%C3%BAblica_Croma%C3%B1%C3%B3n_nightclub_fire\" >Rep\u00fablica Cromagnon nightclub<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires\" >Buenos Aires<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentina\" >Argentina<\/a> kills 194.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rizal_Day_bombings\" >Rizal Day bombings<\/a>: A series of bombs explode in various places in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metro_Manila\" >Metro Manila<\/a>, Philippines within a period of a few hours, killing 22 and injuring about a hundred.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong>In the worst incident in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algeria\" >Algeria<\/a>&#8216;s insurgency, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilaya_of_Relizane_massacres_of_30_December_1997\" >Wilaya of Relizane massacres<\/a>, 400 people from four villages are killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>Proposed budget cuts by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benjamin_Netanyahu\" >Benjamin Netanyahu<\/a> spark protests from 250,000 workers who shut down services across <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>In the Indian state of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assam\" >Assam<\/a>, a passenger train is bombed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bodo_people\" >Bodo<\/a> separatists, killing 26.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_See\" >Vatican City<\/a> establish <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diplomatic_recognition\" >diplomatic relations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Israel-Vatican Relations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.il\/mfa\/foreignpolicy\/bilateral\/pages\/israel-vatican_diplomatic_relations.aspx\" >Israel-Vatican Diplomatic Relations \u2013 Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/jcpa.org\/article\/israels-relations-with-the-vatican\/\" >Israel\u2019s Relations with the Vatican, by Aharon Lopez \u2013 March 1, 1999 \u2013 Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/vaticanholy-see\/vatican-israel-relations\/p19344\" >Vatican-Israel Relations \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_See%E2%80%93Israel_relations\" >Holy See-Israel relations &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rabbidavidrosen.net\/\" >VATICAN-ISRAEL RELATIONS: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE, by David Rosen<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The United States halts heavy bombing of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Vietnam\" >North Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1972_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >1972 in the Vietnam War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vietnamgear.com\/war1971.aspx\" >Vietnam War Timeline: 1971-1972 \u2013 VietnamWarGear.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1976 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferdinand_Marcos\" >Ferdinand Marcos<\/a> becomes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_Philippines\" >President of the Philippines<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guatemalan_Air_Force\" >Guatemalan Air Force<\/a> sinks several Mexican fishing boats alleged to have breached maritime borders, killing three and sparking <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexico-Guatemala_conflict\" >international tension<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_I_of_Romania\" >Michael I of Romania<\/a> is forced to abdicate by the Soviet Union-backed Communist government of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romania<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_II_of_Greece\" >George II of Greece<\/a> declares a regency, leaving the throne vacant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subhas_Chandra_Bose\" >Subhas Chandra Bose<\/a> raises the flag of Indian independence at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Port_Blair\" >Port Blair<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1922\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Union of Soviet Socialist Republics<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_on_the_Creation_of_the_USSR\" >is formed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong>The last <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronation_of_the_Hungarian_monarch\" >coronation in Hungary<\/a> is performed for King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_I_of_Austria\" >Charles IV<\/a> and Queen <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zita_of_Bourbon-Parma\" >Zita<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All-India_Muslim_League\" >All-India Muslim League<\/a> is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dhaka\" >Dacca<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Bengal\" >East Bengal<\/a>, British India. It went on to lay the foundations of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1905\u00a0 <\/strong>Former <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Idaho\" >Idaho<\/a> Governor <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Steunenberg\" >Frank Steunenberg<\/a> is assassinated at the front gate of his home in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caldwell,_Idaho\" >Caldwell<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1903\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iroquois_Theatre_fire\" >A fire at the Iroquois Theater<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago\" >Chicago, Illinois<\/a> kills at least 605.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1897\u00a0 <\/strong>The British <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colony_of_Natal\" >Colony of Natal<\/a> annexes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zulu_Kingdom\" >Zululand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1896\u00a0 <\/strong>Filipino patriot and reform advocate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal\" >Jos\u00e9 Rizal<\/a> is executed by a Spanish <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Execution_by_firing_squad\" >firing squad<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manila\" >Manila<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1825\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_St._Louis#1825_-_Shawnee\" >Treaty of St. Louis<\/a> between the United States and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shawnee\" >Shawnee<\/a> Nation is proclaimed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1813\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_1812\" >War of 1812<\/a>: British soldiers burn <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buffalo,_New_York\" >Buffalo, New York<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1702\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Anne%27s_War\" >Queen Anne&#8217;s War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Moore_%28South_Carolina_politician%29\" >James Moore<\/a>, Governor of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Province_of_Carolina\" >Province of Carolina<\/a>, abandons the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_St._Augustine_%281702%29\" >Siege of St. Augustine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1460\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wars_of_the_Roses\" >Wars of the Roses<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Wakefield\" >Battle of Wakefield<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1419\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hundred_Years%27_War_%281415%E2%80%9353%29\" >Hundred Years&#8217; War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_La_Rochelle_%281419%29\" >Battle of La Rochelle<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1066\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1066_Granada_massacre\" >Granada massacre<\/a>: A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islam\" >Muslim<\/a> mob storms the royal palace in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Granada\" >Granada<\/a>, crucifies <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jews\" >Jewish<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vizier\" >vizier<\/a> Joseph ibn Naghrela and massacres most of the Jewish population of the city.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DECEMBER 31<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\" >NASA<\/a> succeeds in putting the first of two <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gravity_Recovery_and_Interior_Laboratory\" >Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satellite\" >satellites<\/a> in orbit around the Moon.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>Both a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_moon\" >blue moon<\/a> and a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_2009_lunar_eclipse\" >lunar eclipse<\/a> occur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>The official opening of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taipei_101\" >Taipei 101<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_the_world\" >tallest<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skyscraper\" >skyscraper<\/a> at that time in the world, standing at a height of 509 metres (1,670\u00a0ft).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Airlines_Flight_814\" >Indian Airlines Flight 814<\/a> hijacking ended after seven days with the release of 190 survivors at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kandahar_Airport\" >Kandahar Airport<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>The United States Government hands control of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama_Canal\" >Panama Canal<\/a> (as well all the adjacent land to the canal known as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama_Canal_Zone\" >Panama Canal Zone<\/a>) to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama\" >Panama<\/a>. This act complied with the signing of the 1977 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties\" >Torrijos\u2013Carter Treaties<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>First <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Russia\" >President of Russia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Yeltsin\" >Boris Yeltsin<\/a>, resigns from office, leaving <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Russia\" >Prime Minister<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Putin\" >Vladimir Putin<\/a> as the acting President and successor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanism\" >European Exchange Rate Mechanism<\/a> freezes the values of the legacy currencies in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurozone\" >Eurozone<\/a>, and establishes the value of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euro\" >euro<\/a> currency.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Chechen_War\" >First Chechen War<\/a>: Russian army began a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Grozny_%281994%E2%80%9395%29\" >New Year&#8217;s storming<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grozny\" >Grozny<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>This date is skipped altogether in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiribati\" >Kiribati<\/a> as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phoenix_Islands\" >Phoenix Islands<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Line_Islands\" >Line Islands<\/a> change time zones from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UTC%E2%88%9211:00\" >UTC\u221211:00<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UTC%2B13:00\" >UTC+13:00<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UTC%E2%88%9210:00\" >UTC\u221210:00<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UTC%2B14:00\" >UTC+14:00<\/a>, respectively.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czechoslovakia\" >Czechoslovakia<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia\" >peacefully dissolved<\/a> in what is dubbed by media as the <em>Velvet Divorce<\/em>, resulting in the creation of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czech_Republic\" >Czech Republic<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovakia\" >Slovakia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>All official <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> institutions have ceased operations by this date and the Soviet Union is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >officially dissolved<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong>US leaves UNESCO.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Withdrawal of the United States from UNESCO:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/1984\/12\/unesco-time-to-leave\" >\u201c<em>In December 1983, the United States served notice on the United Nations Educational, scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) that it intended to leave that organization at the end of 1984. The time to implement that decision has now come<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 UNESCO \u2013 Time To Leave \u2013 12\/10\/84 68 \u2013 Heritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1984\/12\/20\/world\/text-of-statement-by-us-on-its-withdrawal-from-unesco.html\" >TEXT OF STATEMENT BY US ON ITS WITHDRAWAL FROM UNESCO \u2013 December 20, 1984 \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20692815?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\" >THE UNITED STATES WITHDRAWAL FROM UNESCO \u2013 American Society of International Law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregory_J._Newell\" >\u201c<em>In 1983 through 1985, Newell criticized UNESCO for inefficient managing of funds and becoming unduly politicized, backing liberation groups such as the Palestine Liberation Organization and attacking press freedoms\u2026. Newell said the US would rejoin UNESCO if it returns to its original purpose. President Reagan agreed and the U.S. pulled out of UNESCO in 1985 (to return later under George W. Bush)<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Gregory J. Newell &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria<\/a> a coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat led by Major General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammadu_Buhari\" >Muhammadu Buhari<\/a> ends the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Nigerian_Republic\" >Second Nigerian Republic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Coup d\u2019\u00e9tat of 1983:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onwar.com\/aced\/chrono\/c1900s\/yr80\/fnigeria1983.htm\" >COUP IN NIGERIA 1983 \u2013 OnWar.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/war\/nigeria2.htm\" >1983 Coup \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-africa-11405111\" >Nigeria\u2019s coup in 1983 &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/info-naija.blogspot.com\/2009\/03\/history-of-coup-detat-in-nigeria.html\" >HISTORY OF COUP D\u2019ETAT IN NIGERIA<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Nigeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Nigeria\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Nigeria\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/nigeria-history.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad41\" >HISTORY OF NIGERIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123independenceday.com\/nigeria\/history.html\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 123IndependenceDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/3.htm\" >History \u2013 Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.glpinc.org\/Classroom%20Activities\/Nigeria%20Articles\/Nigeria-history%20since%201960.htm\" >History of Nigeria since 1960 \u2013 GLPINC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nigeriaembassyusa.org\/index.php?page=nigeria-past-present-and-future\" >NIGERIA \u2013 PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE \u2013 NigeriaEmbassyUSA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Nigerian_history\" >Timeline of Nigerian history \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13951696\" >Nigeria profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/nigeria\/history\" >Nigeria \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nigeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ni.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crname=Nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Data \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/\" >Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/nigeria.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nigeriaworld.com\/\" >Nigeria \u2013 NigeriaWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/topics\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Nigeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Nigeria\" >Economy of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/52.htm\" >Nigeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/nigeria-economy.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123independenceday.com\/nigeria\/economy.html\" >Economy of Nigeria \u2013 123IndependenceDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AT%26T_Corporation\" >AT&amp;T<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bell_System\" >Bell System<\/a> is broken up by the United States Government.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghana\" >Ghana<\/a> removes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ghana\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hilla_Limann\" >Hilla Limann<\/a>&#8216;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_National_Party_%28Ghana%29\" >PNP<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Limann_government\" >government<\/a> and replaces it with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provisional_National_Defence_Council\" >Provisional National Defence Council<\/a> led by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_lieutenant\" >Flight lieutenant<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerry_Rawlings\" >Jerry Rawlings<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Coup in Ghana of 1981:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Coup-of-1981\" >Coup of 1981 \u2013 History of Ghana \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.country-data.com\/cgi-bin\/query\/r-5334.html\" >Ghana: The 1981 Coup and the Second Rawlings Government \u2013 Country-Data.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.upi.com\/Archives\/1981\/12\/31\/Coup-in-Ghana\/4076378622800\/\" >Coup in Ghana \u2013 Dec.31, 1981 \u2013 UPI Archive<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_International_Party\" >Youth International Party<\/a>, popularly known as the &#8220;Yippies&#8221;, is founded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-B%C3%A9del_Bokassa\" >Jean-B\u00e9del Bokassa<\/a>, leader of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_African_Republic\" >Central African Republic<\/a> army, and his military officers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint-Sylvestre_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >begins a coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat<\/a> against the government of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Central_African_Republic_and_Central_African_Empire\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Dacko\" >David Dacko<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raidi%C3%B3_Teilif%C3%ADs_%C3%89ireann\" >RT\u00c9<\/a>, Ireland&#8217;s state broadcaster, launches its first national television service.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farthing_%28British_coin%29\" >farthing coin<\/a> ceases to be <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Legal_tender\" >legal tender<\/a> in the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Motors\" >General Motors<\/a> becomes the first U.S. corporation to make over US$1 billion in a year.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1951\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marshall_Plan\" >Marshall Plan<\/a> expires after distributing more than US$13.3 billion in foreign aid to rebuild Europe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_S._Truman\" >Harry S Truman<\/a> officially proclaims the end of hostilities in World War II.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Nordwind\" >Operation Nordwind<\/a>, the last major German offensive on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Front_%28World_War_II%29\" >Western Front<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: Hungary declares war on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1923\u00a0 <\/strong>The chimes of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Ben\" >Big Ben<\/a> are broadcast on radio for the first time by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC\" >BBC<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1909\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan_Bridge\" >Manhattan Bridge<\/a> opens.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1907\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Year%27s_Eve\" >New Year&#8217;s Eve<\/a> celebration is held in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Times_Square\" >Times Square<\/a> (then known as Longacre Square) in New York, New York.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozaffar_ad-Din_Shah_Qajar\" >Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar<\/a> signs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persian_Constitution_of_1906\" >Persian Constitution of 1906<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1879\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Edison\" >Thomas Edison<\/a> demonstrates <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incandescent_light_bulb\" >incandescent lighting<\/a> to the public for the first time, in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edison,_New_Jersey\" >Menlo Park, New Jersey<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1878\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Benz\" >Karl Benz<\/a>, working in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mannheim\" >Mannheim<\/a>, Germany, filed for a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patent\" >patent<\/a> on his first reliable <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Two-stroke_engine\" >two-stroke gas engine<\/a>, and he was granted the patent in 1879.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1857\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Victoria\" >Queen Victoria<\/a> chooses <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottawa\" >Ottawa<\/a>, then a small <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Logging\" >logging<\/a> town, as the capital of Canada.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>JANUARY 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Today is the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Year\" s_Day\">NEW YEAR\u2019S DAY<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregorian_calendar\" >Gregorian calendar<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2015\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lithuania\" >Lithuania<\/a> becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lithuania_and_the_euro\" >19th member<\/a> of the Eurozone.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2015\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurasian_Economic_Union\" >Eurasian Economic Union<\/a> comes into effect, creating a political and economic union between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belarus\" >Belarus<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armenia\" >Armenia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazakhstan\" >Kazakhstan<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kyrgyzstan\" >Kyrgyzstan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong>Asteroid <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_AA\" >2014 AA<\/a> impacts the Earth over the Atlantic Ocean.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvia\" >Latvia<\/a> becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvian_euro_coins\" >18th member<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurozone\" >Eurozone<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>At least 60 people are killed and 200 injured in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2013_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny_stampede\" >stampede<\/a> after celebrations at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stade_F%C3%A9lix_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny\" >F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny Stadium<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abidjan\" >Abidjan<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivory_Coast\" >Ivory Coast<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moldova\" >Moldovan<\/a> civilian is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2012_Moldova_security_zone_incident\" >fatally wounded<\/a> by a Russian peacekeeper in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transnistria\" >Transnistrian<\/a> security zone, leading to demonstrations against Russia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a> becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonian_euro_coins\" >17th member<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurozone\" >Eurozone<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Estonia and the European Union:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonian_European_Union_membership_referendum,_2003\" >Estonian European Union membership referendum, 2003 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/economy_finance\/euro\/countries\/estonia_en.htm\" >Estonia and the Euro \u2013 European Commission<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theodora.com\/wfbcurrent\/european_union\/index.html\" >European Union \u2013 World Fact Book \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Euro Zone (Eurozone):<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.investorwords.com\/5555\/Eurozone.html\" >What is Eurozone? \u2013 InvestorWords.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.differencebetween.com\/difference-between-eurozone-and-vs-eu\/\" >Difference between Eurozone and EU \u2013 DifferenceBetween.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/subjects\/euro-zone\" >Euro Zone \u2013 Reuters.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/euro\/intro\/html\/map.en.html\" >Eurozone \u2013 European Central Bank<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enlargement_of_the_eurozone\" >Enlargement of the eurozone &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Estonia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Estonia\" >Estonia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/estonia\/\" >Estonia \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/estonia.html\" >Estonia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/estonia\" >Estonia \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/estonia.htm\" >Estonia \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.visitestonia.com\/en\/\" >Visit Estonia \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/about-eu\/countries\/member-countries\/estonia\/index_en.htm\" >Estonia \u2013 European Union \u2013 Europe.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Estonia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Estonia\" >History of Estonia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.estonica.org\/en\/History\/\" >Estonia \u2013 History \u2013 Encyclopedia about Estonia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/estonia\/history\" >Estonia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/estonia-history.html\" >Estonia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Estonia\" >History of Estonia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagopianos.com\/estoniahistory.htm\" >Hi3story of Estonia \u2013 ChicagoPianos.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/estonia\/1.htm\" >History of Estonia \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad01\" >HISTORY OF ESTONIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Estonia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/valitsus.ee\/en\" >Republic of Estonia \u2013 Government<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia\" >Foreign relations of Estonia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/estonia\/21.htm\" >Foreign Relations \u2013 Estonia \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/europe\/et-forrel.htm\" >Estonia \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/estonia\/ri276\" >Estonia \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.photius.com\/countries\/estonia\/government\/estonia_government_foreign_relations.html\" >Estonia Foreign Relations \u2013 Photius.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/self.gutenberg.org\/articles\/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia\" >FOREIGN RELATIONS OF ESTONIA \u2013 Self.Gutenberg.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/keyword\/estonia-foreign-relations-russia\" >Articles on Foreign Relations with Russia \u2013 The Los Angeles Times<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Administrative_divisions_of_Greece\" >Kallikratis plan<\/a> becomes the new administrative system of Greece.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>A bomb <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2011_Alexandria_bombing\" >explodes<\/a> as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copts\" >Coptic Christians<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandria\" >Alexandria<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a>, leave a new year service, killing 23 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong>A suicide car bomber <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010_Lakki_Marwat_suicide_bombing\" >detonates at a volleyball tournament<\/a> in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan, killing 105 and injuring 100 more.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovakia\" >Slovakia<\/a> joins the Eurozone.<\/p>\n<p><em>For some more pertinent web links on the Eurozone, see <\/em><em>\u201c<\/em><strong>2011 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a> becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonian_euro_coins\" >17th member<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurozone\" >Eurozone<\/a>\u201d, <em>mentioned above<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyprus\" >Cyprus<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malta\" >Malta<\/a> join the Eurozone.<\/p>\n<p><em>For some more pertinent web links on the Eurozone, see <\/em><em>\u201c<\/em><strong>2011 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a> becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonian_euro_coins\" >17th member<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurozone\" >Eurozone<\/a>\u201d, <em>mentioned above<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adam_Air_Flight_574\" >Adam Air Flight 574<\/a> disappears over <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia<\/a> with 102 people on board.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgaria\" >Bulgaria<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romania<\/a> officially join the European Union. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovenia\" >Slovenia<\/a> joins <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurozone\" >Eurozone<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>For some more pertinent web links on the Eurozone, see <\/em><em>\u201c<\/em><strong>2011 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a> becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonian_euro_coins\" >17th member<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurozone\" >Eurozone<\/a>\u201d, <em>mentioned above<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>In a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motion_of_no_confidence\" >vote of confidence<\/a>, General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pervez_Musharraf\" >Pervez Musharraf<\/a> wins 658 out of 1,170 votes in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electoral_College_%28Pakistan%29\" >Electoral College of Pakistan<\/a>, and according to Article 41(8) of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Pakistan\" >Constitution of Pakistan<\/a>, is &#8220;deemed to be elected&#8221; to the office of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Pakistan\" >President<\/a> until October 2007.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_on_Open_Skies\" >Open Skies<\/a> mutual <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surveillance\" >surveillance<\/a> treaty, initially signed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1992\" >1992<\/a>, officially comes into force.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan\" >Taiwan<\/a> officially joins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Organization\" >World Trade Organization<\/a>, as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Taipei\" >Chinese Taipei<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong>Euro banknotes and coins become legal tender in twelve of the European Union&#8217;s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Member_state_of_the_European_Union\" >member states<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euro\" >Euro<\/a> currency is introduced in 11 countries &#8211; members of the European Union (with the exception of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Central_Bank\" >European Central Bank<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>Russia begins to circulate new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_ruble\" >rubles<\/a> to stem <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inflation\" >inflation<\/a> and promote confidence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghana\" >Ghanaian<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diplomacy\" >diplomat<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kofi_Annan\" >Kofi Annan<\/a> is appointed Secretary-General of the United Nations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Zaire<\/a> officially joins the World Trade Organization.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/cg.html\" >CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/democratic-republic-of-congo.html\" >Congo, Democratic Republic of the \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13283212\" >Democratic Republic of Congo country profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/87\/the-democratic-republic-of-congo\" >Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 GlobalIssues.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/congo-democratic-republic-of\/ri179\" >Congo, Democratic Republic of the, &#8211; Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2823.htm\" >US Relations With the Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/EN\/Aussenpolitik\/Laender\/Laenderinfos\/01-Nodes\/KongoDemokratischeRepublik_node.html\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Federal Foreign Office \u2013 Germany \u2013 Arswaertiges-Amt.de<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Democratic Republic of the Congo and the World Trade Organization:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/thewto_e\/countries_e\/democratic_republique_congo_e.htm\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo and the WTO \u2013 WTO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>World Trade Organization:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/docs_e\/legal_e\/04-wto.pdf\" >Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) \u2013 WTO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wto.org\/\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Organization\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/World_Trade_Organization.aspx\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/World-Trade-Organization\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/world-trade-organization.html\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/country_profiles\/2429503.stm\" >Profile: World Trade Organization \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/world-trade-organization\/\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 News Archive \u2013 The Huffington Post \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/drc\" >Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/congo-dem-rep\" >Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/democraticrepubliccongo\" >Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/congo-democratic-republic-the-economy.html\" >Congo, Democratic Republic of the \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Portal: Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.our-africa.org\/democratic-republic-of-congo\/history-politics\" >DP Congo \u2013 History &amp; Politics \u2013 Our Africa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/congo-democratic-republic-the-history.html\" >Congo, Democratic Republic of the, &#8211; History &#8211; Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/1120825.stm\" >DP Congo\u2019s troubled history &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13286306\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>Cura\u00e7ao gains limited self-government, though it remains within free association with the Netherlands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Draupner_wave\" >Draupner wave<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Sea\" >North Sea<\/a> in Norway is detected, confirming the existence of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rogue_wave\" >freak waves<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>The <em>Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe<\/em> becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe\" >Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osce.org\/\" >OSCE Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osce.org\/who\" >Who we are \u2013 OSCE Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osce.org\/who\/87\" >History \u2013 OSCE \u2013 OSCE Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/osce\" >YouTube (1 min. 42 sec.): OSCE<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>Sweden, Austria, and Finland are admitted into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union\" >European Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Organization\" >World Trade Organization<\/a> goes into effect.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>World Trade Organization (WTO):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/docs_e\/legal_e\/04-wto.pdf\" >Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) \u2013 WTO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wto.org\/\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Organization\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/World_Trade_Organization.aspx\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/World-Trade-Organization\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/world-trade-organization.html\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/country_profiles\/2429503.stm\" >Profile: World Trade Organization \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/world-trade-organization\/\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 News Archive \u2013 The Huffington Post \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Globalization:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/np\/exr\/key\/global.htm\" >Globalization \u2013 International Monetary Fund \u2013 IMF.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Globalization\" >Globalization \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/geography.about.com\/od\/globalproblemsandissues\/a\/globalization.htm\" >Globalization \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalization101.org\/what-is-globalization\/\" >What Is Globalization? \u2013 Globalization101.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/globalization.html\" >Globalization \u2013 Global Policy Forum \u2013 GlobalPolicy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/oasam\/programs\/history\/herman\/reports\/futurework\/conference\/trends\/trendsVI.htm\" >Globalization \u2013 Trends and Challenges of Work in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 United States Department of Labor<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/g\/globalization.asp\" >GLOBALIZATION \u2013 Investopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/globalization\/\" >Globalization \u2013 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy \u2013 Sandford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cgdev.org\/topics\/globalization\" >Globalization \u2013 Center for Global Development \u2013 CGDev.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/infed.org\/mobi\/globalization-theory-and-experience\/\" >Globalization: theory and experience \u2013 Infed.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sociology.emory.edu\/faculty\/globalization\/\" >The Globalization Website \u2013 Emory.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/yaleglobal.yale.edu\/globalization\" >Globalization \u2013 Yale Global Online \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Globalization:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_globalization\" >History of Globalization \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/yaleglobal.yale.edu\/about\/history.jsp\" >The History of Globalization \u2013 Yale Global Online \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economic-geography.org\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=94:history-of-globalization&amp;catid=98:inf&amp;Itemid=85\" >History of Globalization \u2013 Economic-Geography.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/connection.ebscohost.com\/businessfinances\/globalization\/history-globalization\" >History of Globalization \u2013 EbscoHost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/freeexchange\/2013\/09\/economic-history-1\" >When did globalization start? \u2013 Sep 23<sup>rd<\/sup> 2013 \u2013 The Economist \u2013 Economist.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.upenn.edu\/%7Edludden\/global1.htm\" >Globalization Since the Fourteenth Century \u2013 UPenn.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/rr\/business\/BERA\/issue1\/history.html\" >History of Globalization \u2013 LOC.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/larchi\/history-of-globalisation\" >Globalization \u2013 SlideShare.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>The End of Globalization? :<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thefinancialist.com\/the-end-of-globalization\/\" >The End of Globalization? \u2013 October 5, 2015 \u2013 TheFinacialist.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/the-end-of-globalization\/2015\/09\/20\/b48b9f60-5e2f-11e5-9757-e49273f05f65_story.html\" >The End of Globalization \u2013 September 20, 2015 \u2013 The Washington Post \u2013 WashingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/2014\/09\/article55336298\/opinion-the-end-of-globalization\" >Opinion: The End of Globalization? ,by Hussein Shobokshi \u2013 Sunday, 7 Sep. 2014 \u2013 AAWSAT.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/international\/world\/west-wing-the-end-of-globalization-a-522628.html\" >The End of Globalization and End of the Looming Tech Trade War, by John Butler \u2013 May 29, 2014 \u2013 FinancialSense.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldpoliticsblog.wordpress.com\/tag\/end-of-globalization\/\" >The End of Globalization? \u2013 January 11, 2014 \u2013 World Politics News Review \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com\/2014\/01\/04\/have-we-reached-the-end-of-globalization\/\" >Have we reached the end of globalization? \u2013 January 4<sup>th<\/sup>, 2014 \u2013 CNN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pjmedia.com\/richardfernandez\/2013\/04\/07\/the-end-of-globalization\/\" >The End of Globalization, by Richard Fernandez \u2013 April 8, 2013 \u2013 PJMedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thefiscaltimes.com\/Articles\/2013\/02\/28\/Is-This-the-End-of-Globalization\" >Is This the End of Globalization? \u2013 February 28, 2013 \u2013 TheFiscalTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/end-free-trade-globalization\/\" >The End of Free-Trade Globalization, by William Greider \u2013 November 4, 2010 \u2013 TheNation.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/yaleglobal.yale.edu\/content\/end-globalization-0\" >The End of Globalization, by Gabor Steingart \u2013 12 December 2007 \u2013 Yale Global Online \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/yaleglobal.yale.edu\/content\/end-globalization\" >Is This the End of Globalization? ,by Heather Stewart \u2013 10 March 2006 \u2013 Global Online \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.utne.com\/community\/the-end-of-globalization.aspx\" >The End of Globalization? , by Michael Shuman \u2013 July\/August 2002 \u2013 UTNE.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement\" >North American Free Trade Agreement<\/a> comes into effect.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/export.gov\/FTA\/index.asp\" >North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/ipa\/A0104566.html\" >North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/North-American-Free-Trade-Agreement\" >North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/law.duke.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/lib\/nafta.pdf\" >NAFTA \u2013 J. MICHAEL GOODSON LAW LIBRARY \u2013 DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW \u2013 Research Guides \u2013 Duke.edu \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Some Relevant Issues on NAFTA:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/scholarship.law.berkeley.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1318&amp;context=bjil\" >Toward a History of NAFTA\u2019s Chapter Eleven, by Jennifer Heidl \u2013 2006 \u2013 Berkeley Journal of International Law \u2013 Volume 24 | Issue 2 \u2013 Article 11 \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/1993\/11\/em371-the-north-american-free-trade-agreement\" >The North American Free Trade Agreement: Ronald Reagan\u2019s Vision Realized, by Michael G. Wilson \u2013 Heritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.umich.edu\/%7Eac213\/student_projects07\/global\/nafta.html\" >NAFTA Overview and Its Effect on Undocumented Immigration \u2013 The Immigration Debate \u2013 UMICH.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/understandingrace.org\/history\/gov\/nafta.html\" >\u201c<em>In 1992, Congress passed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) intended to create a free-trade bloc among the U.S., Canada and Mexico. However, the agreement raised concerns in the U.S. about immigration from south of the border. The 1996 Welfare Reform bill included anti-immigrant and other measures that eliminated many social services for undocumented immigrants. In 2001, the U.S. government initiated a series of immigration policies under the Patriot Act that were designed to thwart terrorism after the 9\/11 attacks<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 NAFTA, the Patriot Act and the New Immigration Backlash \u2013 Government 1990s-2000s \u2013 UnderstandingRace.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ups.com\/content\/us\/en\/shipping\/international\/documents\/intl_forms\/nafta_origin.html\" >NAFTA Certificate of Origin \u2013 UPS.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Pros and Cons of NAFTA:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/occupytheory.org\/list-of-pros-and-cons-of-nafta\/\" >List of Pros and Cons of NAFTA \u2013 28 December 2014 \u2013 OCCUPY THEORY \u2013 OccupyTheory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/resources.alibaba.com\/topic\/274928\/NAFTA_Pros_and_Cons_.htm\" >NAFTA Pros and Cons \u2013 Alibaba.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/b\/2008\/04\/24\/nafta-pros-and-cons.htm\" >NAFTA Pros and Cons \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/financial-edge\/1212\/pros-and-cons-of-nafta.aspx\" >Pros And Cons Of NAFTA, by Amy Fontinelle | December 16, 2012 \u2013 INVESTOPEDIA \u2013 Investopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/nafta-pros-cons-3840.html\" >NAFTA Pros and Cons \u2013 Small Business \u2013 Chron.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/apecsec.org\/nafta-pros-and-cons\/\" >NAFTA Pros and Cons \u2013 ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMICS BLOG \u2013 APECSEC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nafta.weebly.com\/procon.html\" >NAFTA\u2019s Pros and Cons \u2013 Weebly.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/sanantonio\/print-edition\/2012\/09\/21\/nafta-pros-cons.html\" >NAFTA Pros &amp; Cons \u2013 Sep 21, 2012 \u2013 SAN ANTONIO BUSINESS JOURNAL \u2013 BizJournal.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.thomasnet.com\/IMT\/2004\/01\/20\/the_pros_and_co_1\" >The Pros and Cons of NAFTA, by Katrina C Arabe \u2013 January 20, 2004 \u2013 INDUSTRY NEWS \u2013 ThomasNet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usliberals.about.com\/od\/theeconomyjobs\/i\/FreeTradeAgmts_2.htm\" >NAFTA: Unfilled Promises and a Giant Sucking Sound \u2013 Pros and Cons of Free Trade Agreements, by Deborah White \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.studymode.com\/essays\/Pros-And-Cons-Of-Nafta-525034.html\" >Pros and Cons of NAFTA \u2013 StudyMode.com \u2013 downloadable<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/od\/tradepolicy\/p\/NAFTA_Advantage.htm\" >Advantages of NAFTA \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/od\/tradepolicy\/p\/NAFTA_Problems.htm\" >Disadvantages of NAFTA \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of NAFTA:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/od\/tradepolicy\/p\/NAFTA_History.htm\" >History of NAFTA \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofthings.com\/history-of-nafta\" >History of NAFTA \u2013 History of Things \u2013 HistoryOfThings.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historycentral.com\/documents\/Clinton\/SigningNaFTA.html\" >REMARKS BY PRESIDENT CLINTON, PRESIDENT BUSH, PRESIDENT CARTER, PRESIDENT FORD, AND VICE PRESIDENT GORE IN SIGNING OF NAFTA SIDE AGREEMENTS \u2013 For Immediate Release September 14, 1993 \u2013 Office of the Press Secretary \u2013 THE WHITE HOUSE \u2013 HistoryCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nafta-signed-into-law\" >DEC 08 1993: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: NAFTA signed into law \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/timelinesdb.com\/listevents.php?subjid=963&amp;title=NAFTA\" >Timelines \u2013 NAFTA \u2013 TimelinseDB.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zapatista_Army_of_National_Liberation\" >Zapatista Army of National Liberation<\/a> initiates twelve days of armed conflict in the Mexican state of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chiapas\" >Chiapas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong>A single market within the European Community is introduced.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia\" >Dissolution of Czechoslovakia<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czechoslovakia\" >Czechoslovakia<\/a> is divided into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovakia\" >Slovakia<\/a> and the Czech Republic.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>The Russian Federation is formally established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Dinkins\" >David Dinkins<\/a> is sworn in as New York City&#8217;s first black mayor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montreal_Protocol\" >Montreal Protocol<\/a> comes into force, stopping the use of chemicals contributing to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ozone_depletion\" >ozone depletion<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Montreal Protocol:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ozone.unep.org\/pdfs\/Montreal-Protocol2000.pdf\" >Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer as either adjusted or amended in London 1990, Copenhagen 1992, Vienna 1995, Montreal 1997, Beijing 1999 &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Montreal-Protocol\" >Montreal Protocol \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/weather.about.com\/od\/ozoneinformation\/a\/montrealbasic.htm\" >What Is the Montreal Protocol? \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/ozone\/downloads\/MP20_Backgrounder.pdf\" >Montreal Protocol \u2013 Backgrounder \u2013 EPA.gov &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/scorecard.goodguide.com\/chemical-groups\/one-list.tcl?short_list_name=ods\" >Ozone Depleting Substance List (Montreal Protocol) \u2013 Scorecard.GoodGuide.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America\" >Evangelical Lutheran Church in America<\/a> comes into existence, creating the largest <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lutheranism\" >Lutheran<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religious_denomination\" >denomination<\/a> in the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Value-added_tax\" >value-added tax<\/a> is introduced in Greece for the first time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong>Spain and Portugal are admitted into the European Community.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aruba\" >Aruba<\/a> becomes independent of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cura%C3%A7ao\" >Cura\u00e7ao<\/a>, though it remains in free association with the Netherlands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong>The first British mobile phone call is made by Michael Harrison to his father Sir Ernest Harrison, chairman of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vodafone\" >Vodafone<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brunei\" >Brunei<\/a> becomes independent of the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong>The original <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AT%26T_Corporation\" >American Telephone &amp; Telegraph Company<\/a> is divested of its 22 Bell System companies as a result of the settlement of the 1974 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Justice\" >United States Department of Justice<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Competition_law\" >antitrust<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breakup_of_the_Bell_System\" >suit against AT&amp;T<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ARPANET\" >ARPANET<\/a> officially changes to using the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet_Protocol\" >Internet Protocol<\/a>, creating the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet\" >Internet<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peru\" >Peruvian<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Javier_P%C3%A9rez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar\" >Javier P\u00e9rez de Cu\u00e9llar<\/a> becomes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_America\" >Latin American<\/a> to hold the title of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations\" >Secretary-General of the United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palau\" >Palau<\/a> achieves self-government though it is not independent from the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong>Greece is admitted into the European Community.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2013 Formal <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diplomacy\" >diplomatic relations<\/a> are established between China and the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>The Constitution of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Mariana_Islands\" >Northern Mariana Islands<\/a> becomes effective.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_India_Flight_855\" >Air India Flight 855<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing_747\" >Boeing 747<\/a> crashes into the sea, due to instrument failure and pilot disorientation, off the coast of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mumbai\" >Bombay, India<\/a>, killing 213.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charter_77\" >Charter 77<\/a> published its first document.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>Denmark, the United Kingdom, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Ireland\" >Ireland<\/a> are admitted into the European Economic Community.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unix_time\" >Unix time<\/a> begins at 00:00:00 UTC\/GMT.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>After a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >coup<\/a>, Colonel <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-B%C3%A9del_Bokassa\" >Jean-B\u00e9del Bokassa<\/a> assumes power as president of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_African_Republic\" >Central African Republic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Democratic_Party_of_Afghanistan\" >People&#8217;s Democratic Party of Afghanistan<\/a> is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kabul\" >Kabul<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>History of Afghanistan:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Afghanistan\" >History of Afghanistan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/afghanistan-history.html\" >Afghanistan \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghangovernment.com\/briefhistory.htm\" >A Brief History of Afghanistan: By Adam Ritscher \u2013 AfghanGovernment.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad09\" >HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/afghanistan\/history\" >Afghanistan \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/afghanista1\/p\/ProfAfghanistan.htm\" >Afghanistan | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/updates\/asia-jan-june11-timeline-afghanistan\/\" >A Historical Timeline of Afghanistan \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghan-web.com\/history\/chron\/index.html\" >Chronological History of Afghanistan \u2013 Afghan-Web.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-south-asia-12024253\" >Afghanistan profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Afghanistan:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/af.html\" >AFGHANISTAN \u2013 WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/afghanistan.html\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Afghanistan and the United Nations:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/news\/dh\/latest\/afghan\/un-afghan-history.shtml\" >Afghanistan &amp; the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghanistan-un.org\/\" >Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the United Nations in New York<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mission-afghanistan.ch\/Mission\/index.php\" >Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Afghanistan:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Afghanistan\" >Economy of Afghanistan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adb.org\/countries\/afghanistan\/economy\" >Afghanistan: Economy \u2013 Asian Development Bank \u2013 ADB.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/afghanistan-economy.html\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghanistans.com\/Information\/Economy\/default.htm\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Economy \u2013 Afghanistan\u2019s Economy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Afghanistan:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Afghanistan\" >Foreign relations of Afghanistan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/afghanistan\/ri218\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mfa.gov.af\/en\/page\/3883\" >Ministry of Foreign Affairs \u2013 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usip.org\/publications\/2015\/03\/04\/neutrality-in-afghanistan-s-foreign-policy\" >Neutrality in Afghanistan\u2019s Foreign Policy \u2013 United States Institute of Peace \u2013 USIP.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations\" >Afghanistan-United States relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/5380.htm\" >US Relations With Afghanistan \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/programs\/foreign-policy\/afghanistan-index\" >Afghanistan Index \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/afghanistan.htm\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Country Profile \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-south-asia-12011352\" >Afghanistan country profile \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Russia_relations\" >\u201c<em>The Soviets began a major economic assistance program in Afghanistan in the 1950s. Between 1954 and 1978, Afghanistan received more than $1 billion in Soviet aid, including substantial military assistance. In 1973, the two countries announced a $200-million assistance agreement on gas and oil development, trade, transport, irrigation, and factory construction. Following the 1979 invasion, the Soviets augmented their large aid commitments to shore up the Afghan economy and rebuild the Afghan military. They provided the Karmal regime an unprecedented $800 million. The Soviet Union supported the Najibullah regime even after the withdrawal of Soviet troops in February 1989<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Afghanistan-Russia relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academicroom.com\/article\/soviet-afghan-relations-cooperation-occupation\" >Soviet-Afghanistan Relations from Cooperation to Occupation, by Alam Payind \u2013 AcademcRoom.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghanchamber.com\/about\/FOREIGNRELATIONS.htm\" >Foreign Relations \u2013 Afghanistan \u2013 AfghanistanChamber.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sothebys.com\/en\/auctions\/ecatalogue\/2013\/travel-atlases-maps-natural-history-l13401\/lot.206.html\" >Afghanistan-Soviet relations \u2013 Sothebys.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland\" >Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland<\/a> is divided into the independent republics of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zambia\" >Zambia<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malawi\" >Malawi<\/a>, and the British-controlled <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhodesia\" >Rhodesia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Navy_SEALs\" >United States Navy SEALs<\/a> established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Samoa\" >Western Samoa<\/a> achieves independence from New Zealand; its name is changed to the Independent State of Western Samoa.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Samoa:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ws.html\" >SAMOA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Samoa\" >Western Samoa \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.samoagovt.ws\/\" >Government of Samoa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/samoa.html\" >Samoa \u2013 Infopleasec.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/samoa.htm\" >Samoa \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Samoa.aspx\" >Samoa \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Samoa-island-nation-Pacific-Ocean\" >Samoa \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factmonster.com\/country\/samoa.html\" >Samoa \u2013 FactMonster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/No-Sa\/Samoa.html\" >Samoa \u2013 Culture \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-15655855\" >Samoa country profile \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Samoa:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Samoa\" >Foreign relations of Western Samoa \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mfat.gov.ws\/\" >Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Samoa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographyiq.com\/countries\/ws\/Samoa_relations_summary.htm\" >Samoa Foreign Relations \u2013 GeopraphyIQ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/1842.htm\" >US Relations With Samoa \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Western Samoa and the United Nations:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.int\/samoa\/\" >Permanent Mission of the Independent State of Samoa to the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Samoa:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Samoa\" >History of Samoa \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.samoa.travel\/page\/history-of-samoa\" >History of Samoa \u2013 Samoa.travel<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.polynesia.com\/polynesian_culture\/samoa\/history-and-discovery.html\" >Samoa \u2013 History \u2013 Polynesia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/live.isitesoftware.co.nz\/samoa2012\/abriefhistoryofsamoa\/\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF SAMOA \u2013 IsiteSoftware.co.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-15673462\" >Samoa profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Samoa:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Samoa\" >Economy of Samoa \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/pacificislands\" >Pacific Islands (including Samoa) \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/samoa\" >Samoa \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/samoa\" >Samoa \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERIGATE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adb.org\/countries\/samoa\/economy\" >Samoa: Economy \u2013 ASIA DEVELOPMENT BANK \u2013 ADB.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cameroon\" >Cameroon<\/a> achieves independence from France and the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fulgencio_Batista\" >Fulgencio Batista<\/a>, dictator of Cuba, is overthrown by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fidel_Castro\" >Fidel Castro<\/a>&#8216;s forces during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuban_Revolution\" >Cuban Revolution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Economic_Community\" >European Economic Community<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/about-eu\/eu-history\/1945-1959\/index_en.htm\" >The History of the European Union 1945 \u2013 1959 \u2013 Europa.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/about-eu\/eu-history\/index_en.htm\" >The History of the European Union \u2013 Europa.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_European_Union\" >History of the European Union &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Republican_Army_%281922%E2%80%9369%29\" >Irish Republican Army<\/a> (IRA) unit attacks <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brookeborough\" >Brookeborough<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary\" >RUC<\/a> barracks during <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Border_Campaign_%28Irish_Republican_Army%29\" >Operation Harvest<\/a>; two IRA volunteers killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1956\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudan\" >Sudan<\/a> achieves independence from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a> and the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Sudan:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/su.html\" >SUDAN \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Sudan\" >Sudan \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Sudan\" >Sudan \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/sudan.html\" >Sudan \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-14094995\" >Sudan country profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/sudan.htm\" >Sudan \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Sudan#Independence_.282011.29\" >South Sudan and independence from Sudan in 2011 \u2013 South Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Sudan:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Sudan\" >Foreign relations of Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/sudan\/ri369\" >Sudan \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/5424.htm\" >US Relations with Sudan \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/sudan\/forrel.htm\" >Sudan \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People\" >China-Sudan relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/foreignpolicy.com\/tag\/sudan\" >Sudan | Foreign Policy \u2013 ForeignPolicy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_South_Sudan\" >Foreign relations of South Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.southsudaninfo.com\/Foreign_Relations_of_South_Sudan\" >Foreign Relations of South Sudan \u2013 SouthSudanInfo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Sudan and the United Nations:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.int\/sudan\/\" >Permanent Mission of the Republic of the Sudan to the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unog.ch\/unog\/website\/missions.nsf\/%28httpPermanentMissions_en%29\/40CBDE5BDBB517E6C1256F4100452066?OpenDocument\" >Permanent Mission of Sudan to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Human Rights in Sudan:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights_in_Sudan\" >Human rights in Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/africa\/sudan\" >Sudan \u2013 Human Rights Watch \u2013 HRW.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/africa\/south-sudan\" >South Sudan \u2013 Human Rights Watch \u2013 HRW.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/our-work\/countries\/africa\/sudan\" >Sudan Human Rights \u2013 Amnesty International \u2013 AmnestyUSA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/countries\/AfricaRegion\/Pages\/SDIndex.aspx\" >Sudan \u2013 UN High Commissioner for Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Sudan:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Sudan\" >History of Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/sudan\/\" >Sudan \u2013 History \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa86\" >HISTORY OF THE SUDAN \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sudanembassy.org\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=32&amp;Itemid=48\" >History Of Sudan \u2013 Embassy of the Republic of the Sudan, Washington DC \u2013 SudanEmbassy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.waterforsouthsudan.org\/brief-history-of-south-sudan\" >A brief history of modern Sudan and South Sudan \u2013 WaterForSouthSudan.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/sudan\/p\/SudanHist1.htm\" >A Brief History of Sudan \u2013 Part 1 \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sudan.net\/history.php\" >Sudan: Historical Perspective \u2013 Sudan.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-14095300\" >Sudan profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Sudan:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Sudan\" >Economy of Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/sudan\" >SUDAN \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/sudan\" >Sudan \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/sudan\" >Sudan \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/country.eiu.com\/Sudan\" >Sudan \u2013 The Economist \u2013 EIU.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/sudan-economy.html\" >Sudan \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_South_Sudan\" >Economy of South Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBC\" >NBC<\/a> makes the first coast-to-coast <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NTSC\" >NTSC<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Color_television\" >color broadcast<\/a> when it telecast the Tournament of Roses Parade, with public demonstrations given across the United States on prototype color receivers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong>Standard practice uses this day as the origin of the age scale <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Before_Present\" >Before Present<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a> cease-fire takes effect in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kashmir\" >Kashmir<\/a> from one minute before midnight. War between India and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a> stops accordingly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Italy\" >Constitution of Italy<\/a> comes into force.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>The American and British occupation zones in Germany, after World War II, merge to form the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizone\" >Bizone<\/a>, which later (with the French zone) became part of West Germany.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The German <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luftwaffe\" >Luftwaffe<\/a><\/em> launches <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Bodenplatte\" >Operation Bodenplatte<\/a><\/em>, a massive, but failed attempt to knock out <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allied<\/a> air power in northern Europe in a single blow.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: In retaliation for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malmedy_massacre\" >Malmedy massacre<\/a>, US troops massacre 30 SS prisoners at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chenogne_massacre\" >Chenogne<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Declaration_by_United_Nations\" >Declaration by United Nations<\/a> is signed by twenty-six nations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1934\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany<\/a> passes the &#8220;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_eugenics\" >Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1928\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Bazhanov\" >Boris Bazhanov<\/a> defects through <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iran<\/a>. He is the only assistant of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Stalin\" >Joseph Stalin<\/a>&#8216;s secretariat to have <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_Bloc_emigration_and_defection\" >defected from the Eastern Bloc<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a> adopts the Gregorian calendar: December 18, 1926 (Julian), is immediately followed by January 1, 1927 (Gregorian).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cristero_War\" >Cristero War<\/a> begins in Mexico.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belorussian_Communist_Organisation\" >Belorussian Communist Organisation<\/a> is founded as a separate party.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong>German troops abandon <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yaound%C3%A9\" >Yaound\u00e9<\/a> and their <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cameroon\" >Kamerun<\/a> colony to British forces and begin the long march to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_Guinea\" >Spanish Guinea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Board_of_Film_Classification\" >British Board of Censors<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1912\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_China_%281912%E2%80%9349%29\" >Republic of China<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Territory\" >Northern Territory<\/a> is separated from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Australia\" >South Australia<\/a> and transferred to Commonwealth control.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1909\u00a0 <\/strong>Drilling begins on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lakeview_Gusher\" >Lakeview Gusher<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_India\" >British India<\/a> officially adopts <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Standard_Time\" >Indian Standard Time<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1901 <\/strong>The British colonies of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_South_Wales\" >New South Wales<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queensland\" >Queensland<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victoria_%28Australia%29\" >Victoria<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Australia\" >South Australia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tasmania\" >Tasmania<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Australia\" >Western Australia<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federation_of_Australia\" >federate<\/a> as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" >Commonwealth of Australia<\/a>; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edmund_Barton\" >Edmund Barton<\/a> is appointed the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Australia\" >Prime Minister<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1901\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria<\/a> becomes a British protectorate.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>British Protectorate:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protectorate\" >Protectorate &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Protectorate-English-government\" >Protectorate \u2013 British government \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/protectorate-english-history.html\" >Protectorate (in English history) \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.whatpassport.com\/countries\/British-Protectorates\" >British Protectorates \u2013 WhatPassport.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nigeria and the British Protectorate:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colonial_Nigeria\" >Colonial Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dcstamps.com\/?p=164\" >Southern Nigeria Protectorate (1900-1914) \u2013 DCStamps,com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate\" >Northern Nigeria Protectorate &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Nigeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Nigeria\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Nigeria\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/nigeria-history.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad41\" >HISTORY OF NIGERIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123independenceday.com\/nigeria\/history.html\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 123IndependenceDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/3.htm\" >History \u2013 Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.glpinc.org\/Classroom%20Activities\/Nigeria%20Articles\/Nigeria-history%20since%201960.htm\" >History of Nigeria since 1960 \u2013 GLPINC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nigeriaembassyusa.org\/index.php?page=nigeria-past-present-and-future\" >NIGERIA \u2013 PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE \u2013 NigeriaEmbassyUSA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Nigerian_history\" >Timeline of Nigerian history \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13951696\" >Nigeria profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/nigeria\/history\" >Nigeria \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nigeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ni.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/\" >Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/nigeria.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nigeriaworld.com\/\" >Nigeria \u2013 NigeriaWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/topics\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Nigeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Nigeria\" >Foreign relations of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/80.htm\" >Foreign Relations of Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/democratization\/nigeria\/p30819\" >Nigeria \u2013 Council of Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2836.htm\" >US Relations with Nigeria \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nigeria and the United Nations:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria_and_the_United_Nations\" >Nigeria and the United Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nigeriaunmission.org\/\" >PERMANENT MISSION OF NIGERIA TO THE UNITED NATIONS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nigerian-mission.ch\/\" >Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations, Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ng.undp.org\/\" >United Nations Development Programme \u2013 Nigeria<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unodc.org\/nigeria\/\" >United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime \u2013 Nigeria<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unep.org\/disastersandconflicts\/CountryOperations\/Nigeria\/tabid\/54124\/Default.aspx\" >United Nations Environmental Programme \u2013 Nigeria<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/en\/unesco\/worldwide\/africa\/nigeria\/\" >UNESCO: Building peace in the minds of men and women \u2013 Nigeria<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Human Rights in Nigeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/1995\/Nigeria.htm\" >Nigeria \u2013 THE OGONI CRISIS \u2013 July 1995 \u2013 Human Rights Watch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/Countries\/AFRICARegion\/Pages\/NGIndex.aspx\" >Nigeria \u2013 UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights_in_Nigeria\" >Human rights in Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/our-work\/countries\/africa\/nigeria\" >Nigeria Human Rights \u2013 Amnesty International<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/africa\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Human Rights Watch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.derechos.org\/human-rights\/afr\/nigeria\/\" >Human Rights in Nigeria \u2013 Derechos.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/friendsofhumanity.ch\/training-on-women-rights-in-rural-communities-in-nigeria\/\" >Women Rights in Nigeria \u2013 Friends of Humanity \u2013 FriendsOfHumanity.ch<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Nigeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Nigeria\" >Economy of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/52.htm\" >Nigeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/nigeria-economy.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123independenceday.com\/nigeria\/economy.html\" >Economy of Nigeria \u2013 123IndependenceDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afdb.org\/en\/countries\/west-africa\/nigeria\/nigeria-economic-outlook\/\" >Nigeria Economic Outlook \u2013 AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1899\u00a0 <\/strong>Spanish rule ends in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" >Cuba<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>History of Cuba:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Cuba\" >History of Cuba \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.countriesquest.com\/caribbean\/cuba\/history\/spanish_rule\/colonization.htm\" >Spanish Rule, Colonization \u2013 CountriesQuest.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cubahistory.org\/en\/spanish-settlement.html\" >Spanish Settlement \u2013 CubaHistory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/socyberty.com\/history\/cuban-life-during-spanish-colonial-rule\/\" >Cuban Life During Spanish Colonial Rule \u2013 Socyberty.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Cuba-history.htm\" >History of Cuba \u2013 NationalOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofcuba.com\/cuba.htm\" >500 YEARS OF CUBAN HISTORY \u2013 HistoryOfCuba.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/cuba-history.html\" >Cuba \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19576144\" >Cuba profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1890\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eritrea\" >Eritrea<\/a> is consolidated into a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colony\" >colony<\/a> by the Italian government.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Eritrea and Its History:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eritrea\" >Eritrea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geography_of_Eritrea\" >Geography of Eritrea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Politics_of_Eritrea\" >Politics of Eritrea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religion_in_Eritrea\" >Religion of Eritrea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/eritrea.html\" >Eritrea \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Eritrea\" >Eritrea \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Eritrea\" >History of Eritrea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/eritrea\/p\/EritreaHist1.htm\" >A Brief History of Eritrea Part 1 \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad18\" >HISTORY OF ERITREA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eritreadaily.net\/Menu\/History.htm\" >Brief geo-political history of Eritrea \u2013 EritreaDaily.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13349395\" >Eritrea profile: Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Eritrean War of Independence:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Eritrean_War_of_Independence\" >Eritrean War of Independence \u2013 New World Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.self.gutenberg.org\/articles\/eritrean_war_of_independence\" >ERITREAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE \u2013 Gutenberg.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dissidentvoice.org\/2014\/12\/eritreas-struggle-for-independence\/\" >Eritrea\u2019s Struggle for Independence, by Andre Vltchek \u2013 December 14, 2014 \u2013 DissidentVoice.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1885\u00a0 <\/strong>Twenty-five nations adopt <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sandford_Fleming\" >Sandford Fleming<\/a>&#8216;s proposal for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard_time\" >standard time<\/a> (and also, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_zone\" >time zones<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>1880\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferdinand_de_Lesseps\" >Ferdinand de Lesseps<\/a> begins French construction of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama_Canal\" >Panama Canal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1877\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Victoria\" >Queen Victoria<\/a> of the United Kingdom is proclaimed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empress_of_India\" >Empress of India<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1873\u00a0 <\/strong>Japan begins using the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregorian_calendar\" >Gregorian calendar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1861\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz\" >Porfirio D\u00edaz<\/a> conquers Mexico City, Mexico.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1833\u00a0 <\/strong>The United Kingdom claims sovereignty over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Falkland_Islands\" >Falkland Islands<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1822\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_Constitution_of_1822\" >Greek Constitution of 1822<\/a> is adopted by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_National_Assembly_at_Epidaurus\" >First National Assembly at Epidaurus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1808\u00a0 <\/strong>The importation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slavery\" >slaves<\/a> into the United States is banned.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1806\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Republican_Calendar\" >French Republican Calendar<\/a> is abolished.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1804\u00a0 <\/strong>French rule ends in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haiti\" >Haiti<\/a>. Haiti becomes the first black republic and second independent country in North America after the United States<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>JANUARY 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama\" >Barack Obama<\/a> signs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Taxpayer_Relief_Act_of_2012\" >American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/January_2011_Baghdad_shootings\" >January 2011 Baghdad shootings<\/a> take place.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sago_Mine_disaster\" >explosion<\/a> in a coal mine in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sago,_West_Virginia\" >Sago, West Virginia<\/a> traps and kills 12 miners, while leaving one miner in critical condition.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stardust_%28spacecraft%29\" >Stardust<\/a><\/em> successfully flies past <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comet\" >Comet<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/81P\/Wild\" >Wild 2<\/a>, collecting samples that are returned to Earth.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_blizzard_of_1999\" >brutal snowstorm<\/a> smashes into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Midwestern_United_States\" >Midwestern United States<\/a>, causing 14 inches (359\u00a0mm) of snow in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milwaukee\" >Milwaukee, Wisconsin<\/a>, and 19 inches (487\u00a0mm) in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago\" >Chicago<\/a>, where temperatures plunge to -13\u00a0\u00b0F (-25\u00a0\u00b0C); 68 deaths are reported.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War\" >Sri Lankan Civil War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka_Navy\" >Sri Lanka Navy<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jaffna_lagoon_massacre\" >kill<\/a> 35-100 civilians on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jaffna_Lagoon\" >Jaffna Lagoon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>Leaders of armed opposition declare the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Georgia\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia\" >Zviad Gamsakhurdia<\/a> deposed during a military coup in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georgia_%28country%29\" >Georgia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong>Bangladeshi Marxist leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siraj_Sikder\" >Siraj Sikder<\/a> is arrested and dies while in police custody.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong>United States President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a> signs a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Maximum_Speed_Law#Enactment\" >bill<\/a> lowering the maximum US <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Speed_limit\" >speed limit<\/a> to 55 MPH in order to conserve <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gasoline\" >gasoline<\/a> during an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OPEC\" >OPEC<\/a> embargo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Reagan\" >Ronald Reagan<\/a> sworn in as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governor_of_California\" >Governor of California<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viet_Cong\" >Viet Cong<\/a> wins its first major victory in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Ap_Bac\" >Battle of Ap Bac<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1963_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >1963 in the Vietnam War &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/time.com\/3881225\/vietnam-1963-life-magazine-color-photos-from-a-deepening-conflict\/\" >America in Vietnam, 1963: Deeper into War \u2013 TIME \u2013 LIFE \u2013 Time.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?316196-1\/vietnam-1963\" >Vietnam 1963 \u2013 C-SPAN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vietnamgear.com\/war1963.aspx\" >Vietnam War 1963 \u2013 1964 \u2013 VietnamGear.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.authentichistory.com\/1961-1974\/4-vietnam\/1-overview\/3-1955-1963\/\" >Vietnam War Overview Part 3: 1955-1963 \u2013 AuthenticHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_warfare_in_South_Vietnam,_1963%E2%80%9369\" >Join Warfare of South Vietnam, 1963-69 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Battle of Ap Bac:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/viet-cong-are-successful-at-ap-bac\" >JAN 2, 1963: THIS DAY IN HISTORY &#8211; Viet Con are successful at Ap Bac \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1963\/1\/2\/battle-of-ap-bac\" >Jan 2 1963 \u2013 Battle of Ap Bac \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historynet.com\/the-battle-at-ap-bac-changed-americas-view-of-the-vietnam-war.htm\" >The Battle at Ap Bac Changed American\u2019s View of the Vietnam War \u2013 HistoryNet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/parallelnarratives.com\/vietnam-battle-of-ap-bac-january-2-1963\/\" >Vietnam: Kennedy, Diem and the Battle of Ap Bac, January 2, 1963 \u2013 ParallelNarratives.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historywarsweapons.com\/battle-of-ap-bac\/\" >Battel of Ap Bac \u2013 HistoryWarsWeapons.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.emersonkent.com\/map_archive\/battle_of_ap_bac_1963.htm\" >Battle of Ap Bac \u2013 EmersonKent.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/imgur.com\/gallery\/BdBMx\" >The battle of Ap Bac, South Vietnam, 1963 \u2013 Imgur.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/vietnamwarproject1961-1969.wikispaces.com\/Battle+of+Ap+Bac\" >Battle of Ap Bac \u2013 WikiSpaces.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/namfacts.tripod.com\/id3.html\" >\u201c<em>On January 2, 1963, the Army of the Republic of Vietnam 7th Division was ordered to destroy a Viet Cong in the Hamlet (AP) of Tan Thoi. The plan was for Army of the Republic of Vietnam infantry to be landed by helicopter to the north of the hamlet<\/em>\u2026\u201d &#8211; Battle at the Hamlet of Ap Bac &#8211; January 2, 1963 \u2013 Tripod.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luna_1\" >Luna 1<\/a><\/em>, the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon and to orbit the Sun, is launched by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama\" >Panamanian<\/a> president <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Rem%C3%B3n_Cantera\" >Jos\u00e9 Antonio Rem\u00f3n Cantera<\/a> is assassinated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luis_Mu%C3%B1oz_Mar%C3%ADn\" >Luis Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn<\/a> becomes the first democratically elected <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governor_of_Puerto_Rico\" >Governor of Puerto Rico<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuremberg\" >Nuremberg<\/a>, Germany (in German, N\u00fcrnberg) is severely bombed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allied<\/a> forces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manila\" >Manila<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a> is captured by Japanese forces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>he <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation\" >Federal Bureau of Investigation<\/a> (FBI) convicts 33 members of a German spy ring headed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fritz_Joubert_Duquesne\" >Fritz Joubert Duquesne<\/a> in the largest espionage case in United States history\u2014the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duquesne_Spy_Ring\" >Duquesne Spy Ring<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II\" >German bombing<\/a> severely damages the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Llandaff_Cathedral\" >Llandaff Cathedral<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cardiff\" >Cardiff<\/a>, Wales, United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1935\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Hauptmann\" >Bruno Hauptmann<\/a> goes on trial for the murder of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lindbergh_kidnapping\" >Charles Lindbergh, Jr.<\/a>, infant son of aviator <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Lindbergh\" >Charles Lindbergh<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong>Angered by the anti-clerical provisions of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Mexico\" >Mexican Constitution of 1917<\/a>, Catholic rebels in Mexico <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cristero_War\" >rebelled<\/a> against the government.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Palmer_Raid\" >second Palmer Raid<\/a> takes place with another 6,000 suspected communists and anarchists arrested and held without trial. These raids take place in several US cities.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1905\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russo-Japanese_War\" >Russo-Japanese War<\/a>: The Russian garrison surrenders at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%BCshunkou_District\" >Port Arthur<\/a>, China.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1900\u00a0 <\/strong>American statesman and diplomat <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Hay\" >John Hay<\/a> announces the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Door_Policy\" >Open Door Policy<\/a> to promote trade with China.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1871\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amadeo_I_of_Spain\" >Amadeus I<\/a> becomes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monarchy_of_Spain\" >King of Spain<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1865\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uruguayan_War\" >Uruguayan War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Paysand%C3%BA\" >Siege of Paysand\u00fa<\/a> ends as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_of_Brazil\" >Brazilian<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29\" >Coloradans<\/a> capture <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paysand%C3%BA\" >Paysand\u00fa<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uruguay\" >Uruguay<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1860\u00a0 <\/strong>The discovery of the planet <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vulcan_%28hypothetical_planet%29\" >Vulcan<\/a> is announced at a meeting of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Academy_of_Sciences\" >French Academy of Sciences<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris\" >Paris, France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1833\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reassertion_of_British_sovereignty_over_the_Falkland_Islands_%281833%29\" >Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1819\u00a0 <\/strong>The British <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Institution_of_Civil_Engineers\" >Institution of Civil Engineers<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1791\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Bottom_massacre\" >Big Bottom massacre<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ohio_Country\" >Ohio Country<\/a>, marking the beginning of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northwest_Indian_War\" >Northwest Indian War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>JANUARY 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2015\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boko_Haram\" >Boko Haram<\/a> militants <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2015_Baga_massacre\" >raze<\/a> the entire town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baga,_Nigeria\" >Baga<\/a> in north-east <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria<\/a>, with as many as 2,000 people having been killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flash_Airlines_Flight_604\" >Flash Airlines Flight 604<\/a> crashes into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Sea\" >Red Sea<\/a>, resulting in 148 deaths, making it the deadliest aviation accident in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egyptian<\/a> history.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong>Israeli forces seize the Palestinian freighter <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karine_A_Affair\" >Karine A<\/a><\/em> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Sea\" >Red Sea<\/a>, finding 50 tons of weapons.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a> detains, and later expels, 14 members of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Concerned_Christians\" >Concerned Christians<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>The <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars_Polar_Lander\" >Mars Polar Lander<\/a><\/em> is launched.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong>China announces it will spend US$27.7 billion to fight <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erosion\" >erosion<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pollution\" >pollution<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yangtze\" >Yangtze<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_River\" >Yellow River<\/a> valleys.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motorola_StarTAC\" >Motorola StarTAC<\/a>, the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flip_%28form%29\" >flip phone<\/a> and one of the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mobile_phone\" >mobile phones<\/a> to gain widespread consumer adoption, goes on sale.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>More than seven million people from the former <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid\" >apartheid<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bantustan\" >Homelands<\/a> receive South African citizenship.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong>In Moscow, Russia, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_H._W._Bush\" >George Bush<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Yeltsin\" >Boris Yeltsin<\/a> sign the second <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/START_II\" >Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty<\/a> (START).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>Former leader of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama\" >Panama<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manuel_Noriega\" >Manuel Noriega<\/a> surrenders to American forces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apple_Inc.\" >Apple Computer<\/a> is incorporated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights\" >International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights<\/a> comes into effect.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/CESCR.aspx\" >International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights \u2013 OHCHR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_John_XXIII\" >Pope John XXIII<\/a> excommunicates <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fidel_Castro\" >Fidel Castro<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/the-american-catholic.com\/2014\/01\/03\/01031962-pope-john-xxiii-excommunicated-fidel-castro\/\" >01\/03\/1962: Pope John XXIII excommunicated Fidel Castro \u2013 The American Catholic<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/cold-war\/fidel-castro\" >FIDEL CASTRO \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/cu.html\" >CUBA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>A protest by agricultural workers in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baixa_de_Cassanje\" >Baixa de Cassanje<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_Angola\" >Portuguese Angola<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baixa_de_Cassanje_revolt\" >turns into a revolt<\/a>, opening the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Angolan_War_of_Independence\" >Angolan War of Independence<\/a>, the first of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_Colonial_War\" >Portuguese Colonial Wars<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>A core explosion and meltdown at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SL-1\" >SL-1<\/a>, a government-run reactor near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Idaho_Falls,_Idaho\" >Idaho Falls, Idaho<\/a>, kills three workers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>The United States severs diplomatic relations with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" >Cuba<\/a> over the latter&#8217;s nationalization of American assets.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong>Separatists in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maldives\" >Maldives<\/a> declare the establishment of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Suvadive_Republic\" >United Suvadive Republic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamilton_Watch_Company\" >Hamilton Watch Company<\/a> introduces the first electric <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watch\" >watch<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas\" >Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_bank\" >central bank<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a>, is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>Proceedings of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congress\" >US Congress<\/a> are televised for the first time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Admiral <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chester_W._Nimitz\" >Chester W Nimitz<\/a> is placed in command of all <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Navy\" >US Naval forces<\/a> in preparation for planned assaults against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iwo_Jima\" >Iwo Jima<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okinawa_Prefecture\" >Okinawa<\/a> in Japan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/March_of_Dimes\" >March of Dimes<\/a> is established by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1932\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martial_law\" >Martial law<\/a> is declared in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honduras\" >Honduras<\/a> to stop a revolt by banana workers fired by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Fruit_Company\" >United Fruit Company<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1925\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benito_Mussolini\" >Benito Mussolini<\/a> announces he is taking dictatorial powers over Italy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1919\u00a0 <\/strong>At the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919\" >Paris Peace Conference<\/a>, Emir <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Faisal_I_of_Iraq\" >Faisal I of Iraq<\/a> signs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Faisal%E2%80%93Weizmann_Agreement\" >an agreement<\/a> with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zionism\" >Zionist<\/a> leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chaim_Weizmann\" >Chaim Weizmann<\/a> on the development of a Jewish homeland in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mandatory_Palestine\" >Palestine<\/a> and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1911_Kebin_earthquake\" >earthquake of magnitude 7.7<\/a> destroys the city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Almaty\" >Almaty<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Turkestan\" >Russian Turkestan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1888\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Refracting_telescope\" >refracting telescope<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lick_Observatory\" >Lick Observatory<\/a>, measuring 91\u00a0cm in diameter, is used for the first time. It was the largest <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telescope\" >telescope<\/a> in the world at the time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1885\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-French_War\" >Sino-French War<\/a>: Beginning of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_N%C3%BAi_Bop\" >Battle of N\u00fai Bop<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>______________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.\u00a0 His interest and\/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project\/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental\/ecological issues, visual\/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment<\/em><\/a><em>, he is currently compiling <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/category\/history\/\" >This Week in History<\/a> <em>on <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/\" >TMS<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(<em>Sources and references:<\/em><\/strong><em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/december_28\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/december_28<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to_january_3; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/events\/december\/28\" >http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/events\/december\/28<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to january\/3; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/december_28.html\" >http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/december_28.html<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to January_3.html; and other pertinent web sites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<\/em><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and\/or documents.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about \u201cpeace\u201d, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external\/outer peace and internal\/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and\/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address \u201cpeace\u201d through peace journalism.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dec 28\u2013Jan 3 QUOTE OF THE WEEK: \u201cEach religion, by the help of more or less myth, which it takes more or less seriously, proposes some method of fortifying the human soul and enabling it to make its peace with its destiny.\u201d \u2013 George Santayana<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68177"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68177\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}