{"id":79520,"date":"2016-10-31T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-10-31T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=79520"},"modified":"2016-09-14T19:18:32","modified_gmt":"2016-09-14T18:18:32","slug":"this-week-in-history-100","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2016\/10\/this-week-in-history-100\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62806\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo.jpeg\" alt=\"TWH logo history\" width=\"500\" height=\"276\" \/><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Oct 31- Nov 6<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>QUOTE OF THE WEEK:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyquote.com\/quotes\/quotes\/s\/stevejobs416854.html?src=t_courage\" >\u201cYour time is limited, so don&#8217;t waste it living someone else&#8217;s life. \u00a0Don&#8217;t be trapped by dogma &#8211; which is living with the results of other people&#8217;s thinking. \u00a0Don&#8217;t let the noise of others&#8217; opinions drown out your own inner voice. \u00a0And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.\u201d<\/a><\/em><\/strong> \u2013 Steve Jobs<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>OCTOBER 31<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Today is the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Savings_Day\" >WORLD SAVINGS DAY<\/a>:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virgin_Galactic\" >Virgin Galactic<\/a>\u2018s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SpaceShipTwo\" >SpaceShipTwo<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Virgin_Galactic_crash\" >crashes<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mojave_Desert\" >Mojave Desert<\/a> during a test flight,<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_population\" >global population<\/a> of humans reaches seven billion. This day is now recognized by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a> as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Day_of_Seven_Billion\" >Seven Billion Day<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahathir_bin_Mohamad\" >Mahathir bin Mohamad<\/a> resigns as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia\" >Prime Minister of Malaysia<\/a> and is replaced by Deputy Prime Minister <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi\" >Abdullah Ahmad Badawi<\/a>, marking an end to Mahathir\u2019s 22 years in power.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong>A federal grand jury in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Houston\" >Houston<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas\" >Texas<\/a> indicts former <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enron\" >Enron<\/a> chief financial officer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrew_Fastow\" >Andrew Fastow<\/a> on 78 counts of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wire_fraud\" >wire fraud<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Money_laundering\" >money laundering<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_%28crime%29\" >conspiracy<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Obstruction_of_justice\" >obstruction of justice<\/a> related to the collapse of his ex-employer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Airlines_Flight_006\" >Singapore Airlines Flight 006<\/a> crashes on takeoff in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taipei\" >Taipei<\/a> killing 83 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soyuz_TM-31\" >Soyuz TM-31<\/a> launches, carrying the first resident crew to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Space_Station\" >International Space Station<\/a>. The ISS has been crewed continuously since then.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EgyptAir_Flight_990\" >EgyptAir Flight 990<\/a> crashes into the Atlantic Ocean killing all 217 people on board.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yachtsman\" >Yachtsman<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jesse_Martin\" >Jesse Martin<\/a> returns to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melbourne\" >Melbourne<\/a> after 11 months of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Circumnavigation\" >circumnavigating<\/a> the world, solo, non-stop and unassisted.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq_disarmament_crisis\" >Iraq disarmament crisis<\/a> begins: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a> announces it would no longer cooperate with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a> weapons inspectors.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq_disarmament_timeline_1990%E2%80%932003\" >Iraq disarmament timeline 1990-2003 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>US Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomcentral.com\/the-cold-war.aspx\" >The Cold War \u2013 AtomCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nuclear Weapons and the United States:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/231697.htm\" >Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verifications and Entry into Force of the CTBT \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/rls\/202015.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs \u2013 January 3, 2013 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2014\/04\/28-50-nuclear-facts\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons Today \u2013 April 28, 2014 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2012\/08\/the-future-of-the-us-nuclear-triad\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Michaela Dodge \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/1997_05\/nas\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Policy \u2013 Arms Control Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252183576_The_Future_of_the_U.S._Nuclear_Weapons_Program\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Linton F. Brooks \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/233254.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 Rose Gottemoeller, Under Secretary\u00a0for Arms Control and International Security, \u00a0Dixie State University, St. George, Utah \u2013 October 21, 2014 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archure.net\/liberty\/nukenevada.html\" >NUKE TESTING in NEVADA \u2013 Archure.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cdclv.unlv.edu\/healthnv\/environment.html\" >Environment and the Quality of Life in Nevada \u2013 UNLV.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" ><em>ECONLGOY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH NARRATIVE SUMMARY, KEY WORD INDEX, AND SPECIES LISTS<\/em> \u2013 DOE\/NEV\/11718-594<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osti.gov\/scitech\/biblio\/6458066\" ><em>Nevada Applied Ecology Information Center: a review of technical information support provided to the Nevada Applied Ecology Group<\/em> \u2013 Sci-Tech Connect<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ecologycenter.org\/terrainmagazine\/summer-2002\/sovereignty-at-shoshone-mountain\/\" >\u201c<em>Between 1951 and 1992, the United States bombed its own soil with nuclear weapons \u2014 945 times. All but 17 of those explosions took place on a stretch of basin-and-range desert northwest of Las Vegas called the Nevada Test Site (NTS),\u2026<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Sovereignty at Shoshone Mountain \u2013 EcologyCenter.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/%7Eota\/disk1\/1989\/8909\/8909.PDF\" ><em>The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions<\/em> \u2013 Princeton.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong>Indian Prime Minister <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indira_Gandhi\" >Indira Gandhi<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination_of_Indira_Gandhi\" >assassinated<\/a> by two Sikh security guards. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1984_anti-Sikh_riots\" >Riots break out<\/a> in New Delhi and other cities and nearly 10,000 Sikhs are killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mountjoy_Prison_helicopter_escape\" >Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape<\/a>. Three <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army\" >Provisional Irish Republican Army<\/a> members escape from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mountjoy_Prison\" >Mountjoy Prison<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dublin\" >Dublin<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Ireland\" >Republic of Ireland<\/a> aboard a hijacked helicopter that lands in the exercise yard.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disappearance_of_Patricia_Spencer_and_Pamela_Hobley\" >Disappearance of Patricia Spencer and Pamela Hobley<\/a> occurs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1989 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/October_surprise\" >October surprise<\/a>: Citing progress with the Paris peace talks, US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lyndon_B._Johnson\" >Lyndon B. Johnson<\/a> announces to the nation that he has ordered a complete cessation of \u201call air, naval, and artillery bombardment of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Vietnam\" >North Vietnam<\/a>\u201d effective <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/November_1\" >November 1<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>In the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Stalin\" >Joseph Stalin<\/a>\u2018s body is removed from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lenin%27s_Mausoleum\" >Vladimir Lenin\u2019s Tomb<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1956\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Crisis\" >Suez Crisis<\/a>: The United Kingdom and France begin bombing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Egypt_%281953%E2%80%9358%29\" >Egypt<\/a> to force the reopening of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Canal\" >Suez Canal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Suez Crisis of 1956:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/cold-war\/suez-crisis\" >SUEZ CRISIS \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" >Suez Crisis \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1953-1960\/suez\" >The Suez Crisis 1956 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/americanforeignpolicy.pbworks.com\/w\/page\/12563742\/Suez%20Crisis%2C%201956\" >Suez Crisis, 1956 \u2013 AmericanForeignPolicy.PBWorks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/modern\/suez_01.shtml\" >The Suez Crisis, by Laurie Milner \u2013 History \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reformation.org\/1956-suez-canal-crisis.html\" >The 1956 Suez Canal Crisis!! \u2013 Reformation.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erich_G%C3%B6stl\" >Erich G\u00f6stl<\/a>, a member of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Waffen-SS\" >Waffen-SS<\/a>, is awarded the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross\" >Knight\u2019s Cross of the Iron Cross<\/a>, to recognize extreme battlefield bravery, after losing his face and eyes during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Overlord\" >Battle of Normandy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F4U_Corsair\" >F4U Corsair<\/a> accomplishes the first successful <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radar\" >radar<\/a>-guided interception by a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Navy\" >USN<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >USMC<\/a> aircraft.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The destroyer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Reuben_James_%28DD-245%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Reuben James<\/em><\/a> is torpedoed by a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >German<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U-boat\" >U-boat<\/a> near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iceland\" >Iceland<\/a>, killing more than 100 U.S. Navy sailors. It is the first US Navy vessel sunk by enemy action in WWII.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>After 14 years of work, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mount_Rushmore\" >Mount Rushmore<\/a> is completed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Britain\" >Battle of Britain<\/a> ends: The United Kingdom prevents a possible <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >German<\/a> invasion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Depression\" >Great Depression<\/a>: In an effort to restore investor confidence, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Stock_Exchange\" >New York Stock Exchange<\/a> unveils a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Great Depression:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Great-Depression\" >Great Depression \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.english.illinois.edu\/maps\/depression\/about.htm\" >About the Great Depression \u2013 Illinois.edu<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/GreatDepression.html\" >Great Depression, by Gene Smiley \u2013 Library of Economics and Liberty<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/faculty\/watkins\/dep1929.htm\" >The Great Depression of the 1930s and Its Origins \u2013 SJSU.edu<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/features\/timeline\/rails-timeline\/\" >Timeline of the Great Depression \u2013 AMECRIAN EXPERIENCE \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hyperhistory.com\/online_n2\/connections_n2\/great_depression.html\" >THE TIMELINE OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION \u2013 HyperHistory.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1924\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Savings_Day\" >World Savings Day<\/a> is announced in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milan\" >Milan<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Italy\" >Italy<\/a> by the Members of the Association at the 1st International <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Savings_Bank\" >Savings Bank<\/a> Congress (World Society of Savings Banks).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1923\u00a0 <\/strong>The first of 160 consecutive days of 100\u00b0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fahrenheit\" >Fahrenheit<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marble_Bar,_Western_Australia\" >Marble Bar, Western Australia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1922\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benito_Mussolini\" >Benito Mussolini<\/a> is made <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Italy\" >Prime Minister of Italy<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Benito Mussolini:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/benito-mussolini\" >BENITO MUSSOLINI \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/people\/a\/Mussolini.htm\" >Who Was Benito Mussolini? \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europeanhistory.about.com\/od\/italyandthecitystates\/p\/prmussolini.htm\" >Benito Mussolini \u2013 Summary of Mussolini \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.biography.com\/people\/benito-mussolini-9419443#%21\" >Benito Mussolini (1983-1945) \u2013 Biography.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.comandosupremo.com\/benito-mussolini.html\" >Benito Mussolini \u2013 CommandoSupremo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalhistory.uh.edu\/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&amp;psid=3486\" >\u201c<em>Benito Mussolini\u2019s Italy posed another threat to world peace. Mussolini, Italy\u2019s ruler from 1922 to 1943, promised to restore his country\u2019s martial glory. Surrounded by storm troopers dressed in black shirts, Mussolini delivered impassioned speeches from balconies, while crowds chanted, \u2018Duce! Duce!<\/em>\u2019\u201d \u2013 Italy \u2013 Digital History ID 3486 \u2013 Digital History \u2013 UH.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/9-things-you-may-not-know-about-mussolini\" >9 Things You May Not Know About Mussolini \u2013 HISTORY IN THE HEADLINES \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Timeline \u2013 Mussolini:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historymole.com\/cgi-bin\/main\/results.pl?theme=10025525\" >Timeline \u2013 Benito Mussolini \u2013 HistoryMole.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.softschools.com\/timelines\/mussolini_timeline\/207\/\" >Mussolini Timeline \u2013 SoftSchools.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/skepticism.org\/timelines\/tag\/people\/benito-mussolini\/order:year\/criteria:4\/tmpl_suffix:_table\/\" >Mussolini Timeline \u2013 Skepticism.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/whenintime.com\/tl\/family\/Benito_Mussolini\/\" >Family of Benito Mussolini \u2013 Timeline \u2013 WhenInTime.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/historic_figures\/mussolini_benito.shtml\" >History \u2013 Benito Mussolini (1983-1945) \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Mussolini\u2019s Doctrine:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldfuturefund.org\/wffmaster\/Reading\/Germany\/mussolini.htm\" >THE DOCTRINE OF FASCISM \u2013 BENITO MUSSOLIN (1932) \u2013 WorldFutureFund.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wwnorton.com\/college\/history\/ralph\/workbook\/ralprs35.htm\" >The Basic Philosophy of Fascism: Benito Mussolini \u2013 Chapter 35 \u2013 WWNorton.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyguide.org\/europe\/duce.html\" >Mussolini, Doctrine of Fascism (1932) \u2013 The History Guide \u2013 HistoryGuide.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hollowverse.com\/benito-mussolini\/\" >The Religion and Political Views of Benito Mussolini \u2013 HallowVerse.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fascism\" >Fascism \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.philosophybasics.com\/branch_fascism.html\" >\u201c<em><strong>Italian Fascism<\/strong><\/em><em> (in Italian, <\/em><strong><em>Fascismo<\/em><\/strong><em>) is the <\/em><strong><em>authoritarian<\/em><\/strong><em> political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of <\/em><strong><em>Benito Mussolini<\/em><\/strong><em> (1883 \u2013 1945). It is the <\/em><strong><em>original model<\/em><\/strong><em> which inspired other Fascist ideologies, and is generally referred to simply as Fascism<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The Basics of Philosophy \u2013 PhilosophyBasics.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/phil-pareto.htm\" >Fascism and Philosophy \u2013 MACRO HISTORY AND THE TIMELINE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kyliemccormick.com\/italianholocaust\/mussolini.htm\" >Mussolini and Jews \u2013 THE ITALIAN HOLOCAUST<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crf-usa.org\/bill-of-rights-in-action\/bria-25-4-mussolini-and-the-rise-of-fascism.html\" >Mussolini and the Rise of Fascism \u2013 CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION \u2013 <em>Bill of Rights in Action \u2013 <\/em>SUMMER 2010 (Volume 25, No. 4)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/greatspeeches.wordpress.com\/category\/twentieth-century-speeches\/benito-mussolini-speeches\/\" >Archive for the Benito Mussolini Speeches\u2019 Category \u2013 HISTORICAL SPEECHES \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: Dissolution of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austro-Hungarian Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Austro-Hungarian (Hapsburg) Empire:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Habsburg_Monarchy\" >Hapsburg Monarchy \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/austro-hungarian-monarchy.html\" >Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary | historical empire, Europe \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.firstprinciplesjournal.com\/print.aspx?article=510\" >The Tragic Death of the Hapsburg Empire, by James Kurth \u2013 FIRST PRINCIPLES \u2013 FirstPrinciplesJournal.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hapsburgs.net\/\" >Hapsburgs \u2013 The House of Hapsburg \u2013 Hapsburgs.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of the Austro-Hungarian (Hapsburg) Empire:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academicroom.com\/topics\/history-austro-hungarian-empire\" >History of Austro-Hungarian Empire \u2013 Academic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=mnx\" >HISTORY OF THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/people\/hapsburg.html\" >Hapsburg \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/candicesiller\/history-austro-hungarian-empire\/\" >History \u2013 Austro-Hungarian Empire \u2013 PINTEREST.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/almanachdegotha.org\/id3.html\" >Empire of Austria-Hungary \u2013 AlmanachDeGotha.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/autocww2.colorado.edu\/%7Etoldy2\/E64ContentFiles\/HistoryOfEurope\/Austria-Hungary.html\" >Austria-Hungary \u2013 Colorado.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/Documents\/in\/Austro-Hungarian_History\" >Austro-Hungarian History \u2013 ACADEMIA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/alphahistory.com\/worldwar1\/austria-hungary\/\" >AUSTRIA-HUNGARY BEFORE WORLD WAR I \u2013 AlphaHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Austro-Hungarian_Monarchy.aspx\" >Austro-Hungarian Monarchy \u2013 THURAYA \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nzhistory.net.nz\/media\/photo\/map-austro-hungarian-empire-1914\" >Map of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1914 \u2013 NZHistory.net.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1917\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Beersheba_%281917%29\" >Battle of Beersheba<\/a>: The \u201clast successful cavalry charge in history\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Battle of Beechsheba of 1917:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/battles_beersheba.html\" >Battle of Beersheba, 31 October 1917 \u2013 HistoryOfWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1917\/10\/31\/battle-of-beersheba\" >Oct 31, 1917 \u2013 Battle of Beersheba \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/third-battle-of-gaza\" >\u201c<em>Early on the morning of October 31, 1917, Allied forces under General Edmund Allenby launch an attack on Turkish positions at Beersheba, in Palestine, beginning the Third Battle of Gaza<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 OCT 31, 1917: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Third Battle of Gaza \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/military.wikia.com\/wiki\/Battle_of_Beersheba_%281917%29\" >Battle of Beersheba \u2013 Military.Wikia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_Battle_of_Gaza\" >\u201c<em>The <\/em><strong><em>Third Battle of Gaza<\/em><\/strong><em> was fought on the night of 1\/2 November 1917 between British and Ottoman forces during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I, and came after the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) victory at the Battle of Beersheba had ended the Stalemate in Southern Palestine<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Third Battle of Gaza \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1876\u00a0 <\/strong>A monster <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyclone\" >cyclone<\/a> ravages India, resulting in over 200,000 deaths.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1863\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maori_Wars\" >Maori Wars<\/a> resume as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Empire\" >British<\/a> forces in New Zealand led by General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duncan_Cameron_%28British_Army_officer%29\" >Duncan Cameron<\/a> begin their <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invasion_of_the_Waikato\" >Invasion of the Waikato<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Maori Wars a.k.a. New Zealand Wars:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand_Wars\" >New Zealand Wars \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.doc.govt.nz\/documents\/conservation\/historic\/by-region\/waikato\/waikato-war-of-1863-64.pdf\" >The Waikato War of 1863-64: A guide to the main events and sites, by Neville Ritchie \u2013 doc.govt.nz \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/users.netconnect.com.au\/%7Eianmac\/waikato.html\" >WAIKATO WAR \u2013 NEW ZEALAND \u2013 VICTORIANS IN THE WAIKATO REGIMENTS \u2013 1863-1864 \u2013 NetConnect.com.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nzetc.victoria.ac.nz\/tm\/scholarly\/tei-BabHauH-t1-front-d9.html\" >Hauhauism: An Episode in the Maori Wars 1863-1866 \u2013 Victoria.ac.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.teara.govt.nz\/en\/search\/teara?keys=waikato+war+1863\" >Waikato War \u2013 The Encyclopedia New Zealand<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>NOVMEBER 01<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Today is the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Vegan_Day\" >WORLD VEGAN DAY<\/a>:<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong>A fuel tank truck <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2012_Riyadh_truck_crash\" >crashes and explodes<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saudi_Arabia\" >Saudi Arabian<\/a> capital <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riyadh\" >Riyadh<\/a> killing 26 people and injuring 135.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbia_and_Montenegro\" >Serbia and Montenegro<\/a> joins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/serbia_montenegro.htm\" >\u201c<em>The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro ended its existence in June 2006 when Montenegro voted, after a referendum in favor of independence, to leave the State Union. Serbia proclaimed its independence on 5 June 2006, as the successor state to the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Serbia and Montenegro \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yugoslavia#Succession.2C_1992.E2.80.932003\" >\u201c<em>Eventually, after the overthrow of Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107 from power as president of the federation in 2000, the country dropped those aspirations, accepted the opinion of the Badinter Arbitration Committee about shared succession, and reapplied for and gained UN membership on 2 November 2000<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Yugoslavia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maastricht_Treaty\" >Maastricht Treaty<\/a> takes effect, formally establishing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union\" >European Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Maastricht Treaty:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/european-union-goes-into-effect\" >NOV 1, 1993: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: European Union goes into effect \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Maastricht-Treaty\" >Maastricht Treaty \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=URISERV:xy0026\" >Treaty of Maastricht on European Union \u2013 Europa.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/eu-law\/decision-making\/treaties\/pdf\/treaty_on_european_union\/treaty_on_european_union_en.pdf\" >Text of the TREATY ON EUROPEAN UNION \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honda\" >Honda<\/a> becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of its factory in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marysville,_Ohio\" >Marysville, Ohio<\/a>. The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honda_Accord\" >Honda Accord<\/a> is the first car produced there.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antigua_and_Barbuda\" >Antigua and Barbuda<\/a> gains independence from the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Antigua and Barbuda:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ac.html\" >ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Antigua%20and%20Barbuda\" >Antigua and Barbuda \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/antigua-and-barbuda.html\" >Antigua and Barbuda \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Antigua-and-Barbuda\" >Antigua and Barbuda \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Antigua and Barbuda:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda\" >Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/caribbean-islands\/99.htm\" >Foreign Relations \u2013 Antigua and Barbuda \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Antigua and Barbuda:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda\" >History of Antigua and Barbuda \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/antigua-barbuda-history.html\" >Antigua and Barbuda \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographia.com\/antigua-barbuda\/Aghis01.htm\" >Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s History and Culture \u2013 Geographia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Antigua and Barbuda:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda\" >Economy of Antigua and Barbuda \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thecommonwealth.org\/our-member-countries\/antigua-and-barbuda\/economy\" >Antigua and Barbuda: Economy \u2013 TheCommonWealth.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/finances.worldbank.org\/en\/countries\/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda\" >Country Summary: Antigua and Barbuda \u2013 World Bank Group Finances<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/antigua-and-barbuda\" >Antigua and Barbuda \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1980\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a> at Krasnoyarsk.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Krasnoyarsk:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/krasnoyarsk-26_nuc.htm\" >\u201c<em>Krasnoyarsk-26, currently Zheleznogorsk, was established in 1950 to produce plutonium for weapons. The facility\u2019s original name was the Combine 815. At present it is known as the Mining and Chemical Combine. Zheleznogorsk is situated in the southern part of Central Siberia on the banks of the Yenissei River<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Krasnoyarsk-26\/Zheleznogorsk \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zheleznogorsk,_Krasnoyarsk_Krai\" >Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/russia\/facility\/icbm\/krasnoyarsk.htm\" >Kranoyarsk [glad kaya] \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nuclear Weapons Tests if the Soviet Union:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1980_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1980 Soviet nuclear tests \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons test of the Soviet Union \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>In Bolivia, Colonel <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alberto_Natusch\" >Alberto Natusch<\/a> executes a bloody <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >coup d\u2019\u00e9tat<\/a> against the constitutional government of Dr. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W%C3%A1lter_Guevara\" >W\u00e1lter Guevara<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>US Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomcentral.com\/the-cold-war.aspx\" >The Cold War \u2013 AtomCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nuclear Weapons and the United States:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/231697.htm\" >Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verifications and Entry into Force of the CTBT \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/rls\/202015.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs \u2013 January 3, 2013 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2014\/04\/28-50-nuclear-facts\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons Today \u2013 April 28, 2014 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2012\/08\/the-future-of-the-us-nuclear-triad\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Michaela Dodge \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/1997_05\/nas\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Policy \u2013 Arms Control Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252183576_The_Future_of_the_U.S._Nuclear_Weapons_Program\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Linton F. Brooks \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/233254.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 Rose Gottemoeller, Under Secretary\u00a0for Arms Control and International Security, \u00a0Dixie State University, St. George, Utah \u2013 October 21, 2014 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archure.net\/liberty\/nukenevada.html\" >NUKE TESTING in NEVADA \u2013 Archure.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cdclv.unlv.edu\/healthnv\/environment.html\" >Environment and the Quality of Life in Nevada \u2013 UNLV.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" ><em>ECONLGOY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH NARRATIVE SUMMARY, KEY WORD INDEX, AND SPECIES LISTS<\/em> \u2013 DOE\/NEV\/11718-594<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osti.gov\/scitech\/biblio\/6458066\" ><em>Nevada Applied Ecology Information Center: a review of technical information support provided to the Nevada Applied Ecology Group<\/em> \u2013 Sci-Tech Connect<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ecologycenter.org\/terrainmagazine\/summer-2002\/sovereignty-at-shoshone-mountain\/\" >\u201c<em>Between 1951 and 1992, the United States bombed its own soil with nuclear weapons \u2014 945 times. All but 17 of those explosions took place on a stretch of basin-and-range desert northwest of Las Vegas called the Nevada Test Site (NTS),\u2026<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Sovereignty at Shoshone Mountain \u2013 EcologyCenter.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/%7Eota\/disk1\/1989\/8909\/8909.PDF\" ><em>The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions<\/em> \u2013 Princeton.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watergate_scandal\" >Watergate scandal<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leon_Jaworski\" >Leon Jaworski<\/a> is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Aftermath of Saturday Night Massacre:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saturday_Night_Massacre\" >\u201c<em>The <\/em><strong><em>Saturday Night Massacre<\/em><\/strong><em> was the term given by political commentators to U.S. President Richard Nixon\u2019s executive dismissal of independent special prosecutor Archibald Cox, and the resignations of Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus on October 20, 1973 during the Watergate scandal<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Saturday Night Massacre \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/flahertyluvaralaw.com\/watergate-scandal-40-years-ago-november-1-1973-leon-jaworski-appointed-special-prosecutor\/\" >Watergate Scandal \u2013 40 years ago \u2013 November 1, 1973 Leon Jaworsky Appointed Special Prosecutor, posted by Michael Flarherty \u2013 November 1, 2013<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Saturday Night Massacre:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/ask-history\/what-was-the-saturday-night-massacre\" >What was the Saturday Night Massacre? \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Saturday-Night-Massacre\" >Saturday Night Massacre \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/features\/bonus-video\/presidents-power-nixon2\/\" >The Saturday Night Massacre \u2013 AMERICAN EXPERIENCE \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/learning.blogs.nytimes.com\/2011\/10\/20\/oct-20-1973-pnixon-tries-to-stop-investigation-with-saturday-night-massacre\/?_r=0\" >20, 1973 | Nixon Tries to Stop Investigation \u2013 New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/watergate.info\/tag\/saturday-night-massacre\" >\u201c<em>Archibald Cox, the Watergate Special Prosecutor sacked by President Richard Nixon in the famous \u2018Saturday Night Massacre\u2019 of 1973, has been awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Bill Clinton. The medal was ironically established by Nixon in 1969 to honor exemplary service. Clinton said that \u201cthe greatest title any of us can hold is that of citizen<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Clinton Awards Presidential Medal To Archibald Cox \u2013 Jan 08, 2001 \u2013 Watergate.info<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Watergate Scandal:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watergate_scandal\" >Watergate scandal \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/watergate\" >WATERGATE SCANDAL \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/watergate\/videos\" >WATERGATE SANDAL \u2013 Videos \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/uspolitics.about.com\/od\/presidenc1\/a\/what_watergate.htm\" >What Was The Watergate Scandal? \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/watergate.info\/overview\" >What was Watergate? \u2013 Overview \u2013 Watergate.info<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Watergate-Scandal\" >Watergate scandal \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h1791.html\" >Watergate Scandal \u2013 UNITED STATES HISTORY \u2013 U-S-History.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-srv\/politics\/special\/watergate\/timeline.html\" >THE WATERGATE SCANDAL \u2013 TIMLINE \u2013 The Washington Post \u2013 WashingtonPost.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.authentichistory.com\/1961-1974\/6-nixon\/3-watergate\/timeline\/\" >Watergate Scandal Timeline \u2013 AuthenticHistory.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Watergate Tapes:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/millercenter.org\/presidentialrecordings\/nixon\/watergate-collection\" >Watergate Collection \u2013 Miller Center \u2013 MillerCenter.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/watergate.info\/white-house-tapes\" >Watergate Tapes \u2013 Archived Posts \u2013 Watergate.info<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lib.berkeley.edu\/MRC\/watergate.html\" >Richard M. Nixon \u2013 The Watergate Tapes \u2013 Berkeley.edu<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-srv\/nation\/specials\/watergate\/watergatefront.htm\" >Watergate Tapes Online \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nixon.archives.gov\/forresearchers\/find\/tapes\/watergate\/index.php\" >Watergate-Related Tapes \u2013 For Researchers \u2013 Nixon Presidential Library &amp; Museum \u2013 Nixon.Archives.gov<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nixonlibrary.gov\/virtuallibrary\/tapeexcerpts\/\" >Nixon White House Tapes \u2013 Online \u2013 Virtual Library \u2013 Nixon Presidential Library &amp; Museum<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usgovinfo.about.com\/library\/weekly\/aa081301a.htm\" >Watergate \u201818-Minute Gap\u2019 May be Recovered \u2013 06\/17\/02 \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?85264-1\/nixon-1973-watergate-tapes\" >Nixon 1973 Watergate Tapes \u2013 April 1, 1973 \u2013 C-SPAN<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/08\/21\/politics\/nixon-tapes\/index.html\" >Last batch of Nixon tapes on Watergate released, by Matt Smith \u2013 August 22, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nixontapes.org\/transcripts.html\" >Audio &amp; Transcripts \u2013 NixonTapes.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.discogs.com\/label\/61264-Watergate-Tapes\" >Watergate Tapes \u2013 Discogs.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.watergate.com\/\" >Correcting the Historic Record \u2013 Watergate.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2011\/06\/16\/watergate-tapes-history_n_878498.html\" >Watergate Tape: More Than 18 Minutes Of History Remain A Mystery (VIDEO) \u2013 06\/16\/11 \u2013 Huffington Post<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/videos\/who-erased-18-minutes-of-nixon-watergate-tapes\/\" >Who erased 18 minutes of Nixon Watergate Tapes? \u2013 August 22, 2013 \u2013 CBS News<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1962_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >(atmospheric)<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1962:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1962_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1962 Soviet nuclear tests \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of the nuclear test of the Soviet Union \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovatmtest.html\" >Soviet Atmospheric Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/ussrnuks.shtml\" >USSR Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Database \u2013 Zvis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bigpicture\/2009\/11\/kazakhstans_radioactive_legacy.html\" >Kazakhstan\u2019s radioactive legacy \u2013 Boston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wn.com\/semipalatinsk_test_site\" >\u201cMy home: nuclear base Semipalatinsk \u2013 21\u201d, Episode 02 \u201cMain Testing Field\u201d (Video: 3 min. 14 sec.) \u2013 WN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death In Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/carlwillis.wordpress.com\/2012\/08\/13\/visit-to-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\/\" >Visit to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 SPEICAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/appraisals\/semipalatinsk.asp\" >The Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan \u2013 IAEA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/732\/\" >Semipalatinsk Test Site \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/5988266\/the-tragic-story-of-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\" >The Tragic Story of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, by Vincze Mikl\u00f3s \u2013 io9.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/Sixty_Years_After_First_Soviet_Nuclear_Test_Legacy_Of_Misery_Lives_On\/1809712.html\" >60 Years After First Soviet Nuclear Test, Legacy Of Misery Lives On In Kazakhstan \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 Monday, August 10, 2015 \u2013 RFERL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8236431.stm\" >Soviet nuclear tests leave Kazakh fallout \u2013 Sunday, 6 September 2009 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/story\/2010\/02\/24\/ST2010022403314.html?sid=ST2010022403314\" >In Kazakhstan, the race for uranium goes nuclear, by Philip P. Pan \u2013 Thursday, February 25, 2005 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?17456\" >Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 NuclearNo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/listverse.com\/2012\/05\/15\/top-10-nuclear-test-sites\/\" >Top 10 Nuclear Test Sites, Michael Affleck, May 15, 2012 \u2013 Our World \u2013 ListVerse.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan\/Semipalatinsk:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reference.allrefer.com\/country-guide-study\/kazakhstan\/kazakhstan17.html\" >Kazakstan\/Kazakhstan \u2013 Environmental Problems \u2013 Reference.AllRefer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdfs\/HBWW_EN\/Semipalatinsk_EN_web.pdf\" >\u201cIn Semipalatinsk, the local population was exposed to high levels of radioactivity from nuclear weapon tests for several decades\u2026\u201d \u2013 Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Nuclear test site \u2013 Nuclear-Risk.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalatinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/key-issues\/nuclear-weapons\/issues\/testing\/PDFs\/JC-143920%5B1%5D.pdf\" >Radionuclide Contamination at Kazakhstan\u2019s Semipalatinsk Test Site Implications on Human and Ecological Heath, by T.M. Carlsen, L.E. Peterson, B.A. Ulsh, C.A. Werner, K.L.Purvis, A.C. Sharber<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nukefreetexas.org\/downloads\/plutominum_uranium_semipalatinsk_test_site.pdf\" >Plutonium and Uranium in Human Bones from Areas surrounding the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 NukeFreeTexas.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Asia-South-Central\/2013\/0828\/Secrets-of-Semipalatinsk-How-nuclear-theft-was-averted-in-Central-Asia\" >\u201cTheir research done on sample villages near the test site found cancer mortality rates 2-1\/2 times greater than those in a control village. The agency says some 356,000 people face radiation risk, with 70 percent of those being descendants of exposed villagers\u2026\u201d \u2013 Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cajgh.pitt.edu\/ojs\/index.php\/cajgh\/article\/view\/127\/0\" >Studies of Health Effects from Nuclear Testing near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Kazakhstan, by Bernd Grosche, Tamara Zhunussova, Kazbek Apsalikov, Ausrele Kesminiene<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/wasj\/wasj23%285%2913\/19.pdf\" >Information Report on Biological Studies Conducted At the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 IDOSI.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/articles\/PMC3866702\" >Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in the Semipalatinsk Historical Cohort, 1960 \u2013 1999, and its Relationship to Radiation Exposure \u2013 Europe PubMed Central<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1962_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >(atmospheric)<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1962:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1962_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1962 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of the nuclear test of the Soviet Union \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovatmtest.html\" >Soviet Atmospheric Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/ussrnuks.shtml\" >USSR Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Database \u2013 Zvis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs<\/a> atmospheric nuclear test at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johnston_Atoll\" >Johnston Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Nuclear Tests by the United States:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomcentral.com\/the-cold-war.aspx\" >The Cold War \u2013 AtomCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Argus\" >Operation Argus \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Almanac\/Testing.shtml\" >Nuclear Test Sites \u2013 AtomicArchive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/nuclear\/nv209nar.pdf\" >United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 Through September 1992 \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Atmospheric\/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High-altitude_nuclear_explosion\" >Atmospheric nuclear explosion \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/hane.html\" >High-altitude nuclear explosions, by Wm Robert Johnston \u2013 JohnstonsArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/history-of-nuclear-testing\/types-of-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >\u201c<em>Atmospheric testing refers to explosions which take place in the atmosphere<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 TYPES OF NUCLEA WEAPONS TESTS \u2013 CTBTO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Johnston Atoll:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Johnston-Atoll\" >Johnston Atoll \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cma.army.mil\/fndocumentviewer.aspx?docid=003673775\" >An Ecological Assessment of Johnston Atoll \u2013 Army.mil<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Various Weapons Tests and Storage at Johnston Atoll, and Permanent Contamination:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/johnston_atoll.htm\" >Johnston Atoll, and Kalama Atoll \u2013 WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/app.nimia.com\/video\/188781\/south-pacific-nuclear-tests-on-johnston-island-i-6\" >South Pacific tests on Johnston Island in 1951 \u2013 NIMIA.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nova.edu\/ncri\/11icrs\/proceedings\/files\/m23-13.pdf\" >Contaminants in Fishes from Johnston Atoll, by L. Kerr Lobel and P.S. Lobel \u2013 Boston University, Department of Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/home.earthlink.net\/%7Erobertbfish\/id19.html\" >\u201c<em>During the Cold War era, the US Air Force used JI <\/em>[Johnston Island]<em> to support several highly classified missions. In the early 1960\u2019s, it was involved with Operation Dominic, which tested a primitive anti-ballistic missile system as well as the impact of EMP on military command and control systems<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Johnstone Island, by Bob Fish \u2013 EarthLink.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dodlegacy.org\/Legacy\/project\/productdocs\/2008%20Lobels%20ch%2017_sm_b884f77c-3e42-4ea2-ab14-26e9772bd358.pdf\" >Aspects of the Biology and Geomorphology of Johnston and Wake Atolls, Pacific Ocean, by Philp S. Lobel and Lisa Kerr Lobel \u2013 DODLegacy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.parsons.com\/Media%20Library\/0903_CSDP.pdf\" >\u201c<em>Construction began on a Parsons-designed prototype full-scale chemical weapons incinerator at Johnston Island in the South Pacific Ocean<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program (CSDP) \u2013 Parsons.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2003\/01\/27\/us\/radioactive-dump-on-pacific-wildlife-refuge-raises-liability-concerns.html\" >\u201c<em>In the 1950\u2019s and 60\u2019s, the United States Air Force conducted 12 test launchings of nuclear missiles on tiny Johnston Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. In 1962, two of the shots were aborted and the missiles exploded over the runway, drenching the area in radioactive contaminants<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Radioactive Dump on Pacific Wildlife Refuge Raises Liability Concerns, by Katharine Q. Seelye \u2013 January 27, 2003 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/afspacemuseum.org\/johnston\/\" >Johnston Island \u2013 Air Force Space &amp; Missile Museum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/biologywriter.com\/backgrounder\/bioterror\/bioterror4\/\" >\u201c<em>At sunset one quiet July day an armada of ships was positioned in the ocean waters around Johnston Atoll, upwind from a line of barges with hundreds of cages containing Rhesus monkeys on their decks (figure 4)<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Bio Terror 4 \u2013 BiologyWriter \u2013 BiologyWriter.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/print_um.html\" >Johnston Atoll: \u201c<em>The site was used for high-altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s. Until late in 2000 the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Munitions destruction, cleanup, and closure of the facility were completed by May 2005<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 THE UNITED STATES PACIFIC ISLAND WILD LIFE REFUGES \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nautilus.org\/apsnet\/cleaning-up-johnston-atoll\/\" >Cleaning up Johnston Atoll \u2013 Nautilus Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ajw.asahi.com\/article\/forum\/security_and_territorial_issues\/japan_us\/AJ201503270059\" >South Pacific islands fell victim to tragedy of nuclear tests \u2013 March 27, 2015 \u2013 The Asahi Shimbun<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.war-stories.com\/ws-ao-johnston-island-1-1972.htm\" >AGENT ORANGE \u2013 Johnston Island, AFB \u2013 War-Stories.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.truth-out.org\/news\/item\/16945-deny-deny-until-all-the-veterans-die-pentagon-investigation-into-agent-orange-on-okinawa\" >\u201c<em>Another issue addressed by the investigation was a 2003 U.S. Army report \u2013 titled \u201cAn Ecological Assessment of Johnston Atoll\u201d \u2013 which stated that 25,000 barrels of Agent Orange had been on Okinawa prior to 1972<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Deny, Deny Until All the Veterans Die\u201d \u2013 Pentagon Investigation into Agent Orange in Okinawa \u2013 Truth-Out.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.guamagentorange.info\/yahoo_site_admin\/assets\/docs\/AgentOrange-JI.133194419.pdf\" >Summary Document: Agent Orange at Johnston Island \u2013 GuamAgentOrange.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.skyscanner.net\/news\/14-worlds-most-amazing-abandoned-airports\" >Johnston Atoll Airport, USA \u2013 <em>14 of the world\u2019s most amazing abandoned airports<\/em> \u2013 SkyScanner.net<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.guamagentorange.info\/yahoo_site_admin\/assets\/docs\/Johnston_Atoll_History.261114404.pdf\" >HISTORY OF JOHNSTON ATOLL \u2013 GuamAgentOrange.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/johns.htm\" >Case Name: Johnston Atoll Chemical Waste \u2013 Chemical Weapons Disposal Dispute \u2013 TED Case Study<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.urbanghostsmedia.com\/2010\/04\/isolated-and-abandoned-military-airbase-johnston-atoll\/\" >Johnstone Atoll: An Isolated and Abandoned Military Air Base in the Mid Pacific Ocean \u2013 8 April 2010 \u2013 UrganGhostsMedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thelivingmoon.com\/45jack_files\/03files\/Johnston_Atoll.html\" >Secret Bases \u2013 Johnston Atoll \u2013 TheLivingMoon.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jason-stevens.com\/2010\/07\/the-forgotten-island-of-johnston-atoll\/\" >The Forgotten Atoll of Johnston Atoll \u2013 Jason-Sevens.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/johnstonmemories.com\/\" >History of Johnston Island \u2013 Johnston Memories<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nuclear Weapons and the United States:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/231697.htm\" >Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verifications and Entry into Force of the CTBT \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/rls\/202015.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs \u2013 January 3, 2013 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2014\/04\/28-50-nuclear-facts\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons Today \u2013 April 28, 2014 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2012\/08\/the-future-of-the-us-nuclear-triad\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Michaela Dodge \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/1997_05\/nas\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Policy \u2013 Arms Control Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252183576_The_Future_of_the_U.S._Nuclear_Weapons_Program\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Linton F. Brooks \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/233254.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 Rose Gottemoeller, Under Secretary\u00a0for Arms Control and International Security, \u00a0Dixie State University, St. George, Utah \u2013 October 21, 2014 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1963_South_Vietnamese_coup\" >1963 South Vietnamese coup<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>1963 South Vietnamese Coup:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.freerepublic.com\/focus\/f-news\/3086310\/posts\" >TODAY IN HISTORY: JFK AND THE COUP IN VIETNAM NOVEMBER 1 AND 2, 1963 \u2013 FreeRepublic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/vietnam-war\/vietnam-war-history\" >VIETNAM WAR HISTORY \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Viet Nam War and Pertinent Events:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalhistory.uh.edu\/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&amp;psid=3470\" >Chronology of Viet Nam War and Pertinent Events \u2013 Digital History \u2013 DigitalHistory.UH.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/unitedstates\/vietnam\/index-1965.html\" >The Vietnam War \u2013 The Jungle War 1965 \u2013 1968 \u2013 The History Place \u2013 HistoryPlace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atvaudio.com\/ata_vietnamwar.php\" >The VIETNAM WAR: US Involvement &amp; Escalation \u2013 ARCHIVAL TELEVISION AUDIO Inc. \u2013 RESEARCH REPORT \u2013 PART ONE \u2013 April 23, 1961 \u2013 May 27, 1968 \u2013 ATVAudio.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.english.illinois.edu\/maps\/vietnam\/anderson.htm\" >The Diplomatic Course of the Vietnam War, by David L Anderson \u2013 Illinois.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h1888.html\" >America\u2019s Vietnam War in Indochina \u2013 U-S-History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/historicaldocuments\/frus1964-68v07\/sources\" >Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964-1968, Volume VII, Vietnam, September 1968-January 1969 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.allempires.com\/article\/index.php?q=britain_tet_offensive\" >Britain and the Tet Offensive 1967-1968: A \u2018Turning Point\u2019 in British Foreign Policy? \u2013 All Empires \u2013 AllEmpires.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arecibo_Observatory\" >Arecibo Observatory<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arecibo,_Puerto_Rico\" >Arecibo<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puerto_Rico\" >Puerto Rico<\/a>, with the largest <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radio_telescope\" >radio telescope<\/a> ever constructed, officially opens.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>Fifty thousand women in 60 cities participate in the inaugural <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women_Strike_for_Peace\" >Women Strike for Peace<\/a> (WSP) against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_proliferation\" >nuclear proliferation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>While campaigning for President of the United States, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_F._Kennedy\" >John F Kennedy<\/a> announces his idea of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace_Corps\" >Peace Corps<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rwanda\" >Rwanda<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hutu\" >Hutu<\/a> politician <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominique_Mbonyumutwa\" >Dominique Mbonyumutwa<\/a> is beaten up by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tutsi\" >Tutsi<\/a> forces, leading to a period of violence known as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wind_of_destruction\" >wind of destruction<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1958_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >(atmospheric).<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1958:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1958_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1958 Soviet nuclear weapons test \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovatmtest.html\" >Soviet Atmospheric Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/ussrnuks.shtml\" >USSR Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Database \u2013 Zvis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong>The bombing of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Airlines_Flight_629\" >United Airlines Flight 629<\/a> occurs near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Longmont,_Colorado\" >Longmont, Colorado<\/a>, killing all 39 passengers and five crew members aboard the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Douglas_DC-6\" >Douglas DC-6<\/a>B airliner.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Liberation_Front_%28Algeria%29\" >Front de Lib\u00e9ration Nationale<\/a> fires the first shots of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algerian_War_of_Independence\" >Algerian War of Independence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Algerian War (of Independence):<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Algerian-War\" >Algerian War \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historytoday.com\/martin-evans\/french-resistance-and-algerian-war\" >French Resistance and Algerian War \u2013 HistoryToday.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch23algeria.htm\" >Algeria and War, 1954-1962 \u2013 FSMITHA.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/uahsibhistory.wikispaces.com\/Algerian+War+of+Independence\" >Algerian War of Independence, by Nellie Sanderson, Izzy Esler, and Laura Kington \u2013 UahsibHistory.WikiSpaces.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2006\/11\/a-chronology-of-the-algerian-war-of-independence\/305277\/\" >Chronology of the Algerian War of Independence \u2013 TheAtlantic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/war\/algeria.htm\" >Algerian National Liberation (1954-1962) \u2013 GlobalSecurity.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/matrix.msu.edu\/hst\/fisher\/HST150\/unit10\/mod\/algerian_war.html\" >Algerian War for Independence \u2013 MSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/algeria\/l\/Bl-Algeria-War-Independence-Timeline-1.htm\" >Timeline of the Algerian War of Independence \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Algeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Algeria\" >History of Algeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/algeria-history.html\" >Algeria \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.algeria.com\/history\/\" >A Synopsis of Algeria\u2019s History \u2013 Algeria.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/algeria\/history\" >Algeria \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Algeria-history.htm\" >History of Algeria \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac92\" >HISTORY OF ALGERIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algerian_War\" >Algerian War (of Independence) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algerian_Civil_War\" >Algerian Civil War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/A-Bo\/Algeria.html\" >Culture of Algeria \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Culture_of_Algeria\" >Culture of Algeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/xwm8sqvusu1n\/effects-of-the-algerian-war\/\" >Effects of French-Algerian War 1954-1962 \u2013 Prezi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/algeria\/l\/Bl-Algeria-Timeline-1.htm\" >Algeria Timeline \u2013 Part I: Prehistory to Colonization<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Algeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ciaworldfactbook.us\/africa\/algeria.html\" >Algeria \u2013 The World Factbook \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Algeria\" >Algeria \u2013 Data \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Algeria\" >Algeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/algeria.html\" >Algeria \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/algeria\/\" >Algeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-14118852\" >Algeria country profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Algeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Algeria\" >Foreign relations of Algeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/algeria\/ri354\" >Algeria \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/8005.htm\" >US Relations with Algeria \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/algeria\/forrel.htm\" >Algeria \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arso.org\/Algerian_Foreign_Policy.doc\" >Some elements about the Algerian Foreign Policy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctc.usma.edu\/posts\/algerian-foreign-policy-in-the-context-of-the-arab-spring\" >ALGERIAN FOREIGN POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ARAB SPRING, by Anouar Boukhars \u2013 January 14, 2013 \u2013 USMA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/country-facts.com\/en\/country\/africa\/35-algeria\/69-algeria-foreign-relations-a-military.pdf\" >Algeria \u2013 Foreign Relations &amp; Military \u2013 Country-Facts.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Algeria and the United Nations:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.int\/algeria\/\" >Permanent Mission of Algeria to the United Nations, New York<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/embassy-finder.com\/algeria_in_geneva_switzerland\" >Permanent Mission to the United Nations of Algeria in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Algeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Algeria\" >Economy of Algeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/algeria-economy.html\" >Algeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.algeria.com\/economy\/\" >Algeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 Algeria.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/algeria\" >Algeria \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/algeria\/overview\" >Algeria \u2013 Overview \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/algeria\" >Algeria \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andhra_Pradesh\" >Andhra Pradesh<\/a> attains statehood, with Kurnool as its capital.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Ivy\" >Operation Ivy<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> successfully detonates the first large <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydrogen_bomb\" >hydrogen bomb<\/a>, codenamed \u201cMike\u201d [\u201cM\u201d for megaton], in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eniwetok\" >Eniwetok<\/a> atoll, located in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marshall_Islands\" >Marshall Islands<\/a> in the central Pacific Ocean. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>First Hydrogen Bomb on November 1, 1952:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/united-states-tests-first-hydrogen-bomb\" >NOV 1, 1952: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: United States tests first hydrogen bomb \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/air-boyne.com\/the-first-hydrogen-bomb-dropped-1-november-1952\/\" >The First Hydrogen Bomb Dropped 1 November 1952 \u2013 Air-Boyne.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wagingpeace.org\/tag\/enewetak-atoll\/\" >Un-Remembered Origin of \u201cNuclear Holocaust\u201d: World\u2019s First Thermonuclear Explosion of Nov. 1, 1952, by Beverly Keever \u2013 WagingPeace.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_6hLfqll_A0\" >YouTube video (1 min. 15 sec.): Hydrogen Bomb test at Enewetak Atoll November 1, 1952<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uNEYmhhdxcQ&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (2 min. 24 sec.): HD Let\u2019s return to Enewetak Atoll explosion aftermath<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/iconicphotos.wordpress.com\/2009\/11\/17\/atomic-test-on-the-enewetak-atoll\/\" >\u201c<em>Between July 1945 and November 1962 the United States conducted at least 216 atmospheric and underwater nuclear tests<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Atomic Test on the Enewetak Atoll \u2013 Iconic Photos \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermonuclear_weapon\" >Thermonuclear weapon \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/hydrogen-bomb.html\" >Hydrogen Bomb \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Operation Ivy:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/Ivy.html\" >Operation Ivy \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivy_Mike\" >Ivy Mike \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bendbulletin.com\/news\/1387261-151\/us-explodes-first-hydrogen-bomb-ivy-mike-in\" >US explodes first hydrogen bomb \u2018Ivy Mike,\u2019 in 1952 \u2013 The Bulletin<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Enewetak (Eniwetok) Atoll:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Enewetak\" >Enewetak \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/enewetak.html\" >Enewetak \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/marshall.csu.edu.au\/Marshalls\/html\/atolls\/enewetak.html\" >Marshall Islands Atoll Information: Enewetak Atoll \u2013 Marshalls \u2013 CSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/referenceworkentry\/10.1007\/978-90-481-2639-2_76\" >Enewetal Atoll, Marshall Islands, by James E. Maragos \u2013 Springer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.underwaterkwaj.com\/enew\/Enewetak1.htm\" >Enewetak Atoll \u2013 Underwaterkwaj.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Proving_Grounds\" >\u201c<em>The <\/em><strong><em>Pacific Proving Grounds<\/em><\/strong><em> was the name used to describe a number of sites in the Marshall Islands and a few other sites in the Pacific Ocean, used by the United States to conduct nuclear testing at various times between 1946 and 1962<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Pacific Proving Grounds \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/videos\/remember-enewetak\/\" >Remember Enewetak CBS News video (17 min.) \u2013 CBSNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Environmental and Health Issues, and the Enewetak Atoll:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclear-news.net\/2013\/06\/27\/enewetak-coral-atoll-transformed-by-us-atomic-bomb-testing\/\" >Enewetak coral atoll transformed by US atomic bombing testing \u2013 June 25, 2013 \u2013 Nuclear-News.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/marshallislands.llnl.gov\/enewetak.php\" >\u201c<em>After an initial series of nuclear tests on Bikini Atoll in 1946, local inhabitants of Enewetak Atoll were relocated to \u2026. Operation Ivy, in 1952, set the stage for the first test of a large thermonuclear device. The Mike thermonuclear blast of 31 October of 1952 had an explosive yield of 10.4 Mt (USDOE, 2000) vaporizing the island of Elugelab and leaving behind a deep crater about 1 km in diameter<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Enewetak \u2013 MARSHALL ISLANDS DOSE ASSESSMENT &amp; RADIOECOLOGY PROGRAM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dtra.mil\/Home\/NuclearTestPersonnelReview\/EnewetakAtollCleanupDocuments.aspx\" >ENEWETAK ATOLL CLEANUP DOCUMENTS \u2013 Defense Threat Reduction Agency \u2013 DTRA.mil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomiccleanupvets.com\/\" >\u201c<em>We are but a few of the Survivors of the 1977-1980 Enewetak Atoll Atomic Debris Cleanup Mission in the Marshall Islands. Our main focus is to help each other with information and moral support during challenging times<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Atomic Cleanup Vets \u2013 Enewetak Atoll Atomic Debris Cleanup Mission Survivors<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.utaot.com\/2013\/01\/25\/the-nuclear-trash-can-of-the-pacific-on-enewetak-atoll\/\" >\u201c<em>What you see on the pictures below is a massive concrete lid to a 107 m diameter nuclear waste trash can on a beautiful island in the middle of the Pacific ocean<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Enewetak Atoll \u2013 Nuclear trash can of the Pacific \u2013 UTAOT.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicveteran.info\/\" >\u201c<em>If you or a family member have had internal cancer or leukemia within the last fifty years (even if family member is deceased) or if you get cancer and were physically present at either the Nevada test site \/ Mercury Nevada, Trinity test site \/ Los Alamos New Mexico. South Pacific \/ Marshall Islands Bikini Atoll Enewetak Atoll Johnston Atoll or Christmas Island<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Atomic Veterans National Cancer Benefits Center: Bikini Atoll \u2013 Christmas Island \u2013 Enewetak Atoll \u2013 Johnston Atoll \u2013 Nevada Test Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zNzZKgMyIb0&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (12 min. 49 sec.): Enewetak Cleanup 1976 Defense Nuclear Agency; Pacific Atoll Nuclear Test Cleanup<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Atmospheric\/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High-altitude_nuclear_explosion\" >Atmospheric nuclear explosion \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/hane.html\" >High-altitude nuclear explosions, by Wm Robert Johnston \u2013 JohnstonsArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/history-of-nuclear-testing\/types-of-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >\u201c<em>Atmospheric testing refers to explosions which take place in the atmosphere<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 TYPES OF NUCLEA WEAPONS TESTS \u2013 CTBTO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nuclear Weapons and the United States:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/231697.htm\" >Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verifications and Entry into Force of the CTBT \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/rls\/202015.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs \u2013 January 3, 2013 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2014\/04\/28-50-nuclear-facts\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons Today \u2013 April 28, 2014 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2012\/08\/the-future-of-the-us-nuclear-triad\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Michaela Dodge \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/1997_05\/nas\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Policy \u2013 Arms Control Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252183576_The_Future_of_the_U.S._Nuclear_Weapons_Program\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Linton F. Brooks \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/233254.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 Rose Gottemoeller, Under Secretary\u00a0for Arms Control and International Security, \u00a0Dixie State University, St. George, Utah \u2013 October 21, 2014 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1951\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Buster%E2%80%93Jangle\" >Operation Buster\u2013Jangle<\/a>: Six thousand five hundred American soldiers are exposed to \u2018Desert Rock\u2019 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atom_bomb\" >atomic explosions<\/a> for training purposes in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada\" >Nevada<\/a>. Participation is not voluntary.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1951\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1977 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1950 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_Pius_XII\" >Pope Pius XII<\/a> claims <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papal_infallibility\" >papal infallibility<\/a> when he formally <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dogmatic_definition\" >defines the dogma<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assumption_of_Mary\" >Assumption of Mary<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puerto_Rico\" >Puerto Rican<\/a> nationalists <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Griselio_Torresola\" >Griselio Torresola<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oscar_Collazo\" >Oscar Collazo<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Truman_assassination_attempt\" >attempt to assassinate<\/a> US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_S._Truman\" >Harry S Truman<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blair_House\" >Blair House<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Athenagoras_I_of_Constantinople\" >Athenagoras I<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople\" >Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople<\/a> is enthroned.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>Off southern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manchuria\" >Manchuria<\/a>, 6,000 people die as a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_China_%281912%E2%80%9349%29\" >Chinese<\/a> merchant ship explodes and sinks.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1946 <\/strong>Karol Wojtyla, the future <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_John_Paul_II\" >Pope John Paul II<\/a>, is ordained to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Priesthood\" >priesthood<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Krak%C3%B3w\" >Krak\u00f3w<\/a>\u2018s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archbishop\" >archbishop<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adam_Sapieha\" >Adam Sapieha<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Karol Wojtyla or Pope John Paul II:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cbn.com\/spirituallife\/ChurchAndMinistry\/KarolWojtylaPopeJohnPaulTimeline.aspx\" >Karol Wojtyla (John Paul II) Timeline \u2013 CBN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Early_life_of_Pope_John_Paul_II\" >Early life of John Paul II \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vatican.va\/jubilee_2000\/magazine\/documents\/ju_mag_01111997_p-46_en.html\" >THE ROOTS OF ANTI-JUDAISM IN THE CHRISTIAN ENVIRONMENT \u2013 THE JEWISH \u201cROOTS\u201d OF KAROL WOJTYLA- Vatican.va<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.polishamericancenter.org\/PopeHistory.htm\" >\u201c<em>On October l6, 1978, the world community was stunned when the Roman Catholic Church\u2019s College of Cardinals elected a Polish Cardinal to become the 264th successor to St. Peter. Karol Cardinal Wojtyla was the first non-Italian Pope chosen for over 400 years and the first Polish Pope ever elected<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Pope John Paul II \u2013 PolishAmericanCenter.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ewtn.com\/library\/Theology\/WOJTLAHV.HTM\" >THE TRUTH OF THE ENCYCLICAL \u201cHUMANAE VITAE\u201d Cardinal Karol Wojtyla \u2013 EWTN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hanskoechler.com\/koechler-wojtyla-SaintJosephCollege-March2006-V5.pdf\" >Korol Wojty\u0142a\u2019s Notion of the Irreducible in Man and the Quest for a Just World Order, by Hans K\u00f6chler \u2013 HansKoechler.com \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usccb.org\/about\/divine-worship\/liturgical-calendar\/saint-john-paul-ii.cfm\" >OPTIONAL MEMORIAL OF SAINT JOHN PAUL II \u2013 UNITED STATES CONFERENCES OF CATHOLIC BISHOPS<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" >Australia<\/a> joins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Australia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/as.html\" >AUSTRALIA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Australia\" >Australia \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Australia\" >Australia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/australia.html\" >Australia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/australia.htm\" >Australia \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-15674351\" >Australia country profile \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Australia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Australia\" >Foreign relations of Australia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/dfat.gov.au\" >Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Australia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/australia\/ri219\" >Australia \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2698.htm\" >US Relations with Australia \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lowyinstitute.org\/issues\/china-australia-relations\" >CHINA-AUSTRALIAN RELATIONS \u2013 Lowy Institute \u2013 LowyInstitute.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mea.gov.in\/Portal\/ForeignRelation\/India-Australia_Relations.pdf\" >India-Australia Relations \u2013 MEA.gov.in \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.australiaforeignrelations.org.au\/\" >HISTORIALS OF AUSTRALIAN FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 AustraliaForeignRelations.org.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/austria.embassy.gov.au\/vien\/relations.html\" >Australia\u2019s International Relations \u2013 Embassy.gov.au<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Australia and the United Nations:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia_and_the_United_Nations\" >Australia and the United Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dfat.gov.au\/about-us\/our-locations\/missions\/Pages\/australian-permanent-missions-to-the-united-nations.aspx\" >Australian Permanent Missions to the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Australia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Australia\" >History of Australia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.australia.com\/en\/facts\/history.html\" >AUSTRALIA\u2019S HISTORY \u2013 Australia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.about-australia.com\/facts\/australia-history\/\" >Australia History \u2013 About-Australia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/australianaustralia.com\/page\/History\/238\" >History \u2013 Australian History \u2013 VISA SOLUTION LLC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-15675556\" >Australia profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Australia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Australia\" >Economy of Australia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/finances.worldbank.org\/en\/countries\/Australia\" >Country Summary \u2013 Australia \u2013 World Bank Group Finances<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/australia\" >Australia \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/australia\" >Australia \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>The official <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea\" >North Korean<\/a> newspaper, <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rodong_Sinmun\" >Rodong Sinmun<\/a><\/em>, is first published under the name <em>Chongro<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Units of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Army\" >British Army<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Walcheren_Island\" >land<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walcheren\" >Walcheren<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netherlands\" >Netherlands<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: In support of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bougainville_Campaign\" >landings<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bougainville_Island\" >Bougainville<\/a>, US <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aircraft_carrier\" >aircraft carrier<\/a> forces <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombing_of_Rabaul_%28November_1943%29\" >attack<\/a> the huge <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japanese<\/a> base at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rabaul\" >Rabaul<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: In the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Empress_Augusta_Bay\" >Battle of Empress Augusta Bay<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >United States Marines<\/a>, the 3rd Marine Division, land on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bougainville_Island\" >Bougainville<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solomon_Islands\" >Solomon Islands<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matanikau_Offensive\" >Matanikau Offensive<\/a> begins during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guadalcanal_Campaign\" >Guadalcanal Campaign<\/a> and ends three days later with an American victory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>American photographer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ansel_Adams\" >Ansel Adams<\/a> takes a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moonrise,_Hernandez,_New_Mexico\" >picture of a moonrise<\/a> over the town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hernandez,_New_Mexico\" >Hernandez, New Mexico<\/a> that would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rabbit\" >rabbit<\/a> born after <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artificial_insemination\" >artificial insemination<\/a> is exhibited to the world.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seabiscuit\" >Seabiscuit<\/a> defeats <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_Admiral\" >War Admiral<\/a> in an upset victory during a match race deemed \u201cthe match of the century\u201d in horse racing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1937\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stalinism\" >Stalinists<\/a> execute Pastor <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Paul_Hamberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" >Paul Hamberg<\/a> and seven members of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic\" >Azerbaijan\u2019s<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lutheran\" >Lutheran<\/a> community.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1928\u00a0 <\/strong>The <em>Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_alphabet\" >Turkish Alphabet<\/a><\/em>, replacing the version of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arabic_alphabet\" >Arabic alphabet<\/a> previously used with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_alphabet\" >Latin alphabet<\/a>, comes into force in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1922\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abolition_of_the_Ottoman_Sultanate\" >Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate<\/a>: The last sultan of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mehmed_VI\" >Mehmed VI<\/a>, abdicates.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Ottoman Empire and World War I:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Defeat_and_dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire\" >Defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I\" >Middle Eastern theater of World War I \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyguy.com\/fall_of_the_ottoman_empire.htm#.ViprgyuufX4\" >The Fall of the Ottoman Empire \u2013 HistoryGuy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nzhistory.net.nz\/war\/ottoman-empire\/collapse\" >The Ottoman Empire \u2013 page 9 \u2013 Collapse of the Ottoman Empire1918-1920 \u2013 NZHistory.net.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of the Ottoman Empire:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire\" >History of the Ottoman Empire \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/ottoman-empire-history.html\" >Ottoman Empire \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a> <em><strong>or<\/strong><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/ottoman-empire.html\" >Ottoman Empire \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.umich.edu\/%7Eturkish\/links\/ottemp_brhist.html\" >A Brief History of Ottoman Empire \u2013 UMICH.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theottomans.org\/english\/history\/index.asp\" >History \u2013 The Ottomans \u2013 TheOttomans.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/religion\/religions\/islam\/history\/ottomanempire_1.shtml\" >Ottoman Empire (1301-1922) \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.turizm.net\/turkey\/history\/ottoman3.html\" >THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE \u2013 1600 \u2013 1023 \u2013 Turizm.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/geography.about.com\/od\/historyofgeography\/a\/The-Ottoman-Empire.htm\" >The Ottoman Empire \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong>The short-lived <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Banat_Republic\" >Banat Republic<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong>Western <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine\" >Ukraine<\/a> gains its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Independence\" >independence<\/a> from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austro-Hungarian_Empire\" >Austro-Hungarian Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>History of Ukraine:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Ukraine\" >Western Ukraine \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Ukraine\" >History of Ukraine \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2014\/02\/140224-ukraine-protests-president-ousted-history-geography-background\/\" >Behind the Headlines: History and Geography Help Explain Ukraine Crisis, by Eve Conant \u2013 NationalGeographic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ukrainetrek.com\/western-district\" >Western Ukraine \u2013 UkraineTrek.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brama.com\/ukraine\/history\/century20.html\" >BRAMA \u2013 History of Ukraine \u2013 20<sup>th<\/sup> Century \u2013 Chronologically Synchronized Tables \u2013 BRAMA.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/To-Z\/Ukraine.html\" >Ukraine \u2013 Culture \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.summer.harvard.edu\/blog-news-events\/conflict-ukraine-historical-perspective\" >The Conflict in Ukraine \u2013 a Historical Perspective, by Lauren McLaughlin \u2013 Harvard.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ukraine.uazone.net\/history.html\" >Ukraine History \u2013 Chronological Table \u2013 UAZone.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malbone_Street_Wreck\" >Malbone Street Wreck<\/a>: The worst <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rapid_transit\" >rapid transit<\/a> accident in US history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brooklyn\" >Brooklyn<\/a>, New York City, with at least 102 deaths.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pavel_Milyukov\" >Pavel Milyukov<\/a> delivers in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_Duma\" >State Duma<\/a> the famous \u201cstupidity or treason\u201d speech, precipitating the downfall of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_St%C3%BCrmer\" >Boris St\u00fcrmer<\/a> government.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1915\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parris_Island\" >Parris Island<\/a> is officially designated a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >United States Marine Corps<\/a> Recruit Depot.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Australian_Imperial_Force\" >Australian Imperial Force<\/a> (AIF) departed by ship in a single convoy from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albany,_Western_Australia\" >Albany, Western Australia<\/a> bound for Egypt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The first British <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Navy\" >Royal Navy<\/a> defeat of the war with Germany, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Coronel\" >Battle of Coronel<\/a>, is fought off of the western coast of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chile\" >Chile<\/a>, in the Pacific, with the loss of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Good_Hope_%281901%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Good Hope<\/em><\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Monmouth_%281901%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Monmouth<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong>The first dropping of a bomb from an aircraft in combat, during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italo-Turkish_War\" >Italo-Turkish War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1901\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sigma_Phi_Epsilon\" >Sigma Phi Epsilon<\/a>, the largest national male collegiate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fraternities_and_sororities\" >fraternity<\/a>, is established at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Richmond\" >Richmond College<\/a>, in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richmond,_Virginia\" >Richmond, Virginia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1897\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Library_of_Congress\" >Library of Congress<\/a> building opens its doors to the public. The Library had been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the U.S. Capitol.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1894\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicholas_II_of_Russia\" >Nicholas II<\/a> becomes the new (and last) <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Empire\" >Tsar of Russia<\/a> after his father, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_III_of_Russia\" >Alexander III<\/a>, dies.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Nicholas II:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Nicholas-II-tsar-of-Russia\" >Nicholas II \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/people\/a\/Nicholas-II.htm\" >Nicholas II \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/people\/nicholas-ii-czar-russia.html\" >Nicholas II \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Nicholas_II_%28Russia%29.aspx\" >Nicholas II (Russia) \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/russiapedia.rt.com\/prominent-russians\/the-romanov-dynasty\/nicholas-ii\/\" >Prominent Russians: Nicholas II \u2013 RUSSIAPEDIA.RT.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/military.wikia.com\/wiki\/Nicholas_II_of_Russia\" >Nicholas II of Russia \u2013 Military.Wikia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/FWWtsar.htm\" >Tsar Nicholas II \u2013 Spartacus-Educational.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyinanhour.com\/2012\/05\/18\/tsar-nicholas-ii-summary\/\" >Tar Nicholas II \u2013 a summary \u2013 History in an hour \u2013 HistoryInAnHour.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www2.sptimes.com\/Treasures\/TC.2.3.19.html\" >NICHOLAS II (NIKOLAI ALEXANDROVICH) \u2013 1968-1918 \u2013 EMPEROR OF ALL RUSSIA 1894-1917 \u2013 St. Petersburg Times \u2013 SPTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>NOVEMBER 02<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Today is the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/events\/journalists\/\" >INTERNATIONAL DAY TO END IMPUNITY FOR CRIMES AGAINST JOURNALISTS<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ga\/search\/view_doc.asp?symbol=A\/RES\/68\/163\" >A\/RES\/68\/163<\/a>):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Wagah_border_suicide_attack\" >A suicide attack<\/a> killed 60 at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wagah\" >Wagah<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>50,000\u2013100,000 people <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2007_Georgian_demonstrations\" >demonstrate against the Georgian government<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tbilisi\" >Tbilisi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Democracy and Georgia (country):<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2007_in_Georgia_%28country%29\" >2007 in Georgia (country) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democracy_Index\" >Democracy Index \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/Issues\/RuleOfLaw\/Pages\/Democracy.aspx\" >Rule of Law \u2013 Democracy and Human Rights \u2013 UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/countries\/ENACARegion\/Pages\/GEIndex.aspx\" >the Human Rights of Georgia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.humanrights.ge\/admin\/editor\/uploads\/pdf\/Annual%20Report%20HRIDC%202008.pdf\" >George: Flickering Beacon of Democracy \u2013 Human Rights in Georgia in 2007, by Human Rights Centre (HRIDC) \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Georgia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Georgia_%28country%29\" >History of Georgia (country) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/georgia\/\" >Georgia \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ggdavid.tripod.com\/georgia\/history.htm\" >History of Georgia \u2013 ABOUT GEORGIA \u2013 Tripod.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/georgia\/history\" >Georgia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/georgia-country-asia-history.html\" >Georgia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ourgeorgiahistory.com\/\" >Our Georgia History \u2013 OurGeorgiaHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/Ge-It\/Georgia.html\" >Georgia \u2013 Culture and History \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia\" >Democratic Republic of Georgia (May 1918 \u2013 February 1921 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-17303471\" >Georgia profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Georgia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/gg.html\" >GEORGIA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Georgia\" >Georgia \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Georgia\" >Georgia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/georgia.html\" >Georgia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-17301647\" >Georgia country profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Georgia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Georgia\" >Foreign relations of Georgia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/5253.htm\" >US Relations with Georgia \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/georgia\/ri280\" >Georgia \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/relations-between-turkey-and-georgia.en.mfa\" >Relations between Turkey and Georgia \u2013 REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Georgia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Georgia_%28country%29\" >Economy of Georgia (country) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/georgia\/overview\" >Georgia \u2013 Overview \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/georgia\" >Georgia \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adb.org\/countries\/georgia\/economy\" >Georgia \u2013 Economy \u2013 Asian Development Bank \u2013 ADB.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/georgia\" >Georgia \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/economy.ge\/en\/home\" >Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/us\/georgia-state-united-states-economy.html\" >Georgia \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Expedition_1\" >first resident crew<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISS\" >ISS<\/a> docked with their <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soyuz_TM-31\" >Soyuz TM-31<\/a> spacecraft.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morris_worm\" >Morris worm<\/a>, the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet\" >Internet<\/a>-distributed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computer_worm\" >computer worm<\/a> to gain significant mainstream media attention, is launched from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology\" >MIT<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_punishment\" >Capital punishment<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Velma_Barfield\" >Velma Barfield<\/a> becomes the first woman executed in the United States since <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1962\" >1962<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Reagan\" >Ronald Reagan<\/a> signs a bill creating <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr._Day\" >Martin Luther King, Jr. Day<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Martin Luther King, Jr. Day:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day\" >Martin Luther King, Jr. Day &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Martin Luther King, Jr.:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1964\/king-bio.html\" >Martin Luther King, Jr. \u2013 Nobelprize.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1964\/12\/10\/martin-luther-king-jr-awarded-the-nobel-peace-prize\" >Dec 10 1964: Martin Luther King, Jr. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1964\/king-lecture.html\" >Martin Luther King, Jr. Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1964 \u2013 Nobelprize.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2014\/dec\/02\/martin-luther-king-in-london-1964-reflections-on-a-landmark-visit\" >Martin Luther King in London, 1964: reflection on the landmark visit, by Hugh Muir \u2013 Tuesday 2 December 2014 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/king-wins-nobel-peace-prize\" >OCT 14, 1964: ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY: King wins Nobel Prize<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YHyKNJTVuh4\" >YouTube video (59 min. 05 sec.): Martin Luther King December 7, 1964<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/learning\/general\/onthisday\/big\/1014.html#article\" >\u201c<em>The 35-year-old civil rights leader is the youngest winner of the prize that Dr. Alfred Nobel instituted since the first was awarded in 1901. The prize honors acts \u2018for the furtherance of brotherhood among men and to the abolishment or reduction of standing armies and for the extension of these purposes<\/em>.\u2019\u201d \u2013 Martin Luther King Wins The Nobel Prize for Peace \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vaview.vt.edu\/resources\/pdf\/publications\/MLK%20Timeline.pdf\" >MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. TIMELINE \u2013 VT.edu \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >(underground)<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>US Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomcentral.com\/the-cold-war.aspx\" >The Cold War \u2013 AtomCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nuclear Weapons and the United States:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/231697.htm\" >Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verifications and Entry into Force of the CTBT \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/rls\/202015.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs \u2013 January 3, 2013 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2014\/04\/28-50-nuclear-facts\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons Today \u2013 April 28, 2014 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2012\/08\/the-future-of-the-us-nuclear-triad\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Michaela Dodge \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/1997_05\/nas\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Policy \u2013 Arms Control Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252183576_The_Future_of_the_U.S._Nuclear_Weapons_Program\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Linton F. Brooks \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/233254.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 Rose Gottemoeller, Under Secretary\u00a0for Arms Control and International Security, \u00a0Dixie State University, St. George, Utah \u2013 October 21, 2014 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archure.net\/liberty\/nukenevada.html\" >NUKE TESTING in NEVADA \u2013 Archure.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cdclv.unlv.edu\/healthnv\/environment.html\" >Environment and the Quality of Life in Nevada \u2013 UNLV.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" ><em>ECONLGOY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH NARRATIVE SUMMARY, KEY WORD INDEX, AND SPECIES LISTS<\/em> \u2013 DOE\/NEV\/11718-594<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osti.gov\/scitech\/biblio\/6458066\" ><em>Nevada Applied Ecology Information Center: a review of technical information support provided to the Nevada Applied Ecology Group<\/em> \u2013 Sci-Tech Connect<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ecologycenter.org\/terrainmagazine\/summer-2002\/sovereignty-at-shoshone-mountain\/\" >\u201c<em>Between 1951 and 1992, the United States bombed its own soil with nuclear weapons \u2014 945 times. All but 17 of those explosions took place on a stretch of basin-and-range desert northwest of Las Vegas called the Nevada Test Site (NTS),\u2026<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Sovereignty at Shoshone Mountain \u2013 EcologyCenter.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/%7Eota\/disk1\/1989\/8909\/8909.PDF\" ><em>The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions<\/em> \u2013 Princeton.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1974_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >(underground)<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1974<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1974_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1974 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Party_of_India_%28Marxist%29\" >Communist Party of India (Marxist)<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Party_of_India\" >Communist Party of India<\/a> form a \u2018United Front\u2019 in the state of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tripura\" >Tripura<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1972:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1972_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1972 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bigpicture\/2009\/11\/kazakhstans_radioactive_legacy.html\" >Kazakhstan\u2019s radioactive legacy \u2013 Boston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wn.com\/semipalatinsk_test_site\" >\u201cMy home: nuclear base Semipalatinsk \u2013 21\u201d, Episode 02 \u201cMain Testing Field\u201d (Video: 3 min. 14 sec.) \u2013 WN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death In Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/carlwillis.wordpress.com\/2012\/08\/13\/visit-to-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\/\" >Visit to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 SPEICAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/appraisals\/semipalatinsk.asp\" >The Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan \u2013 IAEA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/732\/\" >Semipalatinsk Test Site \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/5988266\/the-tragic-story-of-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\" >The Tragic Story of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, by Vincze Mikl\u00f3s \u2013 io9.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/Sixty_Years_After_First_Soviet_Nuclear_Test_Legacy_Of_Misery_Lives_On\/1809712.html\" >60 Years After First Soviet Nuclear Test, Legacy Of Misery Lives On In Kazakhstan \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 Monday, August 10, 2015 \u2013 RFERL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8236431.stm\" >Soviet nuclear tests leave Kazakh fallout \u2013 Sunday, 6 September 2009 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/story\/2010\/02\/24\/ST2010022403314.html?sid=ST2010022403314\" >In Kazakhstan, the race for uranium goes nuclear, by Philip P. Pan \u2013 Thursday, February 25, 2005 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?17456\" >Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 NuclearNo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/listverse.com\/2012\/05\/15\/top-10-nuclear-test-sites\/\" >Top 10 Nuclear Test Sites, Michael Affleck, May 15, 2012 \u2013 Our World \u2013 ListVerse.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan\/Semipalatinsk:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reference.allrefer.com\/country-guide-study\/kazakhstan\/kazakhstan17.html\" >Kazakstan\/Kazakhstan \u2013 Environmental Problems \u2013 Reference.AllRefer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdfs\/HBWW_EN\/Semipalatinsk_EN_web.pdf\" >\u201cIn Semipalatinsk, the local population was exposed to high levels of radioactivity from nuclear weapon tests for several decades\u2026\u201d \u2013 Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Nuclear test site \u2013 Nuclear-Risk.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalatinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/key-issues\/nuclear-weapons\/issues\/testing\/PDFs\/JC-143920%5B1%5D.pdf\" >Radionuclide Contamination at Kazakhstan\u2019s Semipalatinsk Test Site Implications on Human and Ecological Heath, by T.M. Carlsen, L.E. Peterson, B.A. Ulsh, C.A. Werner, K.L.Purvis, A.C. Sharber<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nukefreetexas.org\/downloads\/plutominum_uranium_semipalatinsk_test_site.pdf\" >Plutonium and Uranium in Human Bones from Areas surrounding the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 NukeFreeTexas.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Asia-South-Central\/2013\/0828\/Secrets-of-Semipalatinsk-How-nuclear-theft-was-averted-in-Central-Asia\" >\u201cTheir research done on sample villages near the test site found cancer mortality rates 2-1\/2 times greater than those in a control village. The agency says some 356,000 people face radiation risk, with 70 percent of those being descendants of exposed villagers\u2026\u201d \u2013 Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cajgh.pitt.edu\/ojs\/index.php\/cajgh\/article\/view\/127\/0\" >Studies of Health Effects from Nuclear Testing near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Kazakhstan, by Bernd Grosche, Tamara Zhunussova, Kazbek Apsalikov, Ausrele Kesminiene<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/wasj\/wasj23%285%2913\/19.pdf\" >Information Report on Biological Studies Conducted At the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 IDOSI.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/articles\/PMC3866702\" >Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in the Semipalatinsk Historical Cohort, 1960 \u2013 1999, and its Relationship to Radiation Exposure \u2013 Europe PubMed Central<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lyndon_B._Johnson\" >Lyndon B. Johnson<\/a> and \u201cThe Wise Men\u201d conclude that the American people should be given more optimistic reports on the progress of the war.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vietnam War in 1967:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1967_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >1967 Vietnam War &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>\u201cWise Men\u201d on the Vietnam War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/johnson-meets-with-the-wise-men\" >NOV 2, 1967: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Jonson meets the \u201cWise Men\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geni.com\/projects\/The-Wise-Men\/10384\" >\u201c<em>On November 1 and 2, 1967, President Johnson brought together: Dean Acheson, George Ball, General Omar Bradley, McGeorge Bundy, Clark Clifford, Arthur Dean, Douglas Dillon, Justice Abe Fortas, Averell Harriman, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., Robert Murphy and General Maxwell Taylor<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The Wise Men \u2013 Geni.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.english.illinois.edu\/maps\/vietnam\/anderson.htm\" >The Military and Diplomatic Course of the Vietnam War, by David L Anderson \u2013 Illinois.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuban_Adjustment_Act\" >Cuban Adjustment Act<\/a> comes into force, allowing 123,000 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" >Cubans<\/a> the opportunity to apply for permanent residence in the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norman_Morrison\" >Norman Morrison<\/a>, a 31-year-old <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quaker\" >Quaker<\/a>, sets himself on fire in front of the river entrance to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Pentagon\" >the Pentagon<\/a> to protest the use of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napalm\" >napalm<\/a> in the Vietnam war.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong>King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saud_of_Saudi_Arabia\" >Saud of Saudi Arabia<\/a> is deposed by a family <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup\" >coup<\/a>, and replaced by his half-brother <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia\" >Faisal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Royal Family Coup of Saudi Arabia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historytoday.com\/richard-cavendish\/new-king-saudi-arabia\" >A New King in Saud Arabia \u2013 Faisal al Saud became ruler on November 2<sup>nd<\/sup>, 1964 \u2013 HistoryToday.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historychannel.com.au\/classroom\/day-in-history\/914\/royal-family-coup-in-saudi-arabia\" >This Day in History: November 2, 1964: Royal Family Coup in Saudi Arabia \u2013 HistoryChannel.com.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Saudi_Arabia#Modern_history\" >Modern history \u2013 History of Saudi Arabia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnamese<\/a> President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arrest_and_assassination_of_Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Di%E1%BB%87m\" >Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m is assassinated<\/a> following a military <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup\" >coup<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ngo-Dinh-Diem\" >Ngo Dinh Diem \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_1964_South_Vietnamese_coup_attempt\" >September 1964 South Vietnam coup attempt \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historynet.com\/the-assassination-of-ngo-dinh-diem.htm\" >The Assassination of Ng Dinh Diem \u2013 06\/12\/2006 \u2013 HistoryNet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ngothelinh.tripod.com\/NgoDinhDiem.html\" >The Republic of Vietnam \u2013 President Ngo Dinh Diem \u2013 tripod.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/VNngo.htm\" >Ngo Dinh Diem \u2013 Spartacus-Educational.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Levelland_UFO_Case\" >Levelland UFO Case<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Levelland,_Texas\" >Levelland, Texas<\/a>, generates national publicity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong>The Constituent Assembly of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a> names the country The Islamic Republic of Pakistan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1951\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\" >Korean War<\/a>: A small platoon of 28 Canadian soldiers defend a vital area against an entire battalion of 800 Chinese troops in the Battle of the Song-gok Spur. The engagement lasts into the early hours of November 3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch%E2%80%93Indonesian_Round_Table_Conference\" >Dutch\u2013Indonesian Round Table Conference<\/a> ends with the Netherlands agreeing to transfer sovereignty of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_East_Indies\" >Dutch East Indies<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_of_Indonesia\" >United States of Indonesia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California\" >California<\/a>, designer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Howard_Hughes\" >Howard Hughes<\/a> performs the maiden (and only) flight of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spruce_Goose\" >Spruce Goose<\/a> or H-4 The Hercules; the largest fixed-wing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aircraft\" >aircraft<\/a> ever built.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>Auschwitz begins gassing inmates.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Gas Chamber at Auschwitz:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/augas.html\" >Auschwitz and Birkenau: Crematoria &amp; Gas Chambers \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.deathcamps.org\/gas_chambers\/gas_chambers_auschwitz.html\" >The Seven Gas Chambers at Auschwitz \u2013 deathcamps.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/world\/auschwitz-survivor-gena-turgel-walked-out-gas-chamber-alive-n293496\" >Auschwitz Survivor Gena Turgel Walked Out of Gas Chamber Alive, by Bill Kelly \u2013 Jan 26, 2015 \u2013 nbcnews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.holocaustresearchproject.org\/othercamps\/auschwitzgaschambers.html\" >Auschwitz Concentration Camp \u2013 The Gas Chambers and Crematoria \u2013 Mass Extermination \u2013 holocaustresearchproject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scrapbookpages.com\/Sachsenhausen\/ConcentrationCamp\/GasChamber.html\" >Gas Chamber at Station Z execution site \u2013 scrapbookpages.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liveleak.com\/view?i=956_1178307255\" >Auschwitz Gas Chamber \u2013 Live Leak \u2013 liveleak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WkMT2h-IJzY\" >YouTube video (1 min. 23 sec.): Auschwitz Concentration Camp Gas Chamber<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fpp.co.uk\/Auschwitz\/stories\/Pelt_sources\/Buchenwald_Report_extract.html\" >\u201c<em>ON MAY 20, 1944, I arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau as a fourteen-year old from the camp at Theresienstadt. The crematorium greeted us with its horrible tongues of flame coming out of its smokestacks<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The Buchenwald Report \u2013 David A. Hackett \u2013 fpp.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>The Holocaust and the Auschwitz:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10005189\" >Holocaust Encyclopedia: Auschwitz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/holocaust\/a\/auschwitz.htm\" >Auschwitz Concentration and Death Camp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/auschwitz.org\/en\/\" >Auschwitz and Birkenau Memorial and Museum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=449ZOWbUkf0\" >YouTube video: Auschwitz: Drone video of Nazi Concentration Camp (2 min. 29 sec.)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/autoc.html\" >Concentration Camps: Auschwitz-Birkenau \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/jan\/27\/auschwitz-short-history-liberation-concentration-camp-holocaust\" >Auschwitz: a short history of the largest mass murder site in human history \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/auschwitz.dk\/Auschwitz.htm\" >GATE TO HELL: AUSCHWITZ \u2013 Auschwitz.dk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10005189\" >AUSCHWTIZ \u2013 Holoccaust Encyclopedia \u2013 USHMM.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/auschwitz\" >AUSCHWITZ \u2013 HISTORY \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/auschwitz.org\/en\/\" >AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU MEMORIAL AND MUSEUM \u2013 Auschwitz.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2db.com\/battle_spec.php?battle_id=136\" >Discovery of Concentration Camps and the Holocaust, by C. Peter Chen \u2013 World War II Database \u2013 WW2DB.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>Jewish ghetto of Riga, Latvia, is destroyed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Riga Ghetto:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riga_Ghetto\" >Riga Ghetto \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.deathcamps.org\/occupation\/riga%20ghetto.html\" >Riga Ghetto \u2013 DeathCamps.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/vjw\/Riga.html\" >Riga, Latvia \u2013 Virtual Jewish World \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latvia\" >History of Jews in Latvia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: First day of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Elaia%E2%80%93Kalamas\" >Battle of Elaia\u2013Kalamas<\/a> between the Greeks and the Italians.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Battle of Elaia-Kalamas of 1940:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/aaminis.myfastforum.org\/archive\/battle-of-elaia-kalamas-greece-28-october-8-november-1940__o_t__t_12936.html\" >Battle of Elaia \u2013 Kalamas (Greece, 28 October-8 November, 1940) \u2013 MyFastForum.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Elaia%E2%80%93Kalamas\" >\u201c<em>The <\/em><strong><em>Battle of Elaia\u2013Kalamas<\/em><\/strong><em> (Greek: \u039c\u03ac\u03c7\u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2-\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac) took place in Epirus from 2\u20138 November 1940. The battle was fought between the Greeks and the Italians during the initial stage of the Greco-Italian War. The Italian Army, deployed on the Greek-Albanian border, launched a major offensive against Greece on 28 October 1940<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Battle of Elaia-Kalamas \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2daybyday.blogspot.com\/2013\/11\/the-battle-of-elaia-kalamas-begins-1940.html\" >The Battle of Elaia-Kalamas begins \u2013 1940 \u2013 WW2DayByDay<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Broadcasting_Corporation\" >British Broadcasting Corporation<\/a> initiates the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_Television_Service\" >BBC Television Service<\/a>, the world\u2019s first regular, \u201chigh-definition\u201d (then defined as at least 200 lines) service. Renamed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_One\" >BBC1<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1964\" >1964<\/a>, the channel still runs to this day.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation\" >Canadian Broadcasting Corporation<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1930\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haile_Selassie\" >Haile Selassie<\/a> is crowned emperor of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethiopia\" >Ethiopia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>In the United States, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KDKA_%28AM%29\" >KDKA<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania\" >Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania<\/a> starts broadcasting as the first commercial <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radio_station\" >radio station<\/a>. The first broadcast is the result of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_presidential_election,_1920\" >United States presidential election, 1920<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1917\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_Revolutionary_Committee\" >Military Revolutionary Committee<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Petrograd_Soviet\" >Petrograd Soviet<\/a>, in charge of preparation and carrying out the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Revolution\" >Russian Revolution<\/a>, holds its first meeting.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1917\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balfour_Declaration\" >Balfour Declaration<\/a> proclaims British support for the \u201cestablishment in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestine_%28region%29\" >Palestine<\/a> of a national home for the Jewish people\u201d with the clear understanding \u201cthat nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Balfour Declaration:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/the-balfour-declaration\" >NOV 2, 1917: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: The Balfour Declaration \u2013 Histoy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/BehindTheBalfourDeclaration-BritainsGreatWarPledgeToRothschild_491\/BehindTheBalfourDeclaration_BritainsGreatWarPledgeToLordRothschild_djvu.txt\" >Full text of the Balfour Declaration \u2013 Archive.org<\/a>, <em><strong>or<\/strong><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/balfour.asp\" >the same text of this Avalon Project site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1917\/11\/2\/balfour-declaration\" >NOV 2, 1917: Balfour Declaration \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/cs\/holocaust\/p\/balfourdeclare.htm\" >Balfour Declaration \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zionism-israel.com\/Balfour_Declaration_1917.htm\" >The Balfour Declaration \u2013 November 2, 1917 \u2013 Zionism-Israel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/History\/baltoc.html\" >Pre-State Israel: The Balfour Declaration (November 1917) \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jcpa.org\/text\/israel-rights\/kiyum-gilbert.pdf\" >\u201cAN OVERWHELMINGLY JEWISH STATE\u201d \u2013 FROM THE BALFOUR DECLARATION TO THE PALESTINE MANDATE, by Martin Gilbert \u2013 ISRAEL\u2019S RIGHTS as a Nation-State in International Diplomacy \u2013 Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestinefacts.org\/pf_ww1_balfour.php\" >The Balfour Declaration \u2013 PalestineFacts.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Balfour-Declaration\" >Balfour Declaration \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History and Background of the Balfour Declaration:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ihr.org\/jhr\/v06\/v06p389_John.html\" >Behind the Balfour Declaration: Britain Great War Pledge To Lord Rothschild, by Robert John \u2013 IHR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.counter-currents.com\/2014\/06\/background-to-treason-the-balfour-declaration\/\" >Background to Treason: The Balfour Declaration, by Willian Pierce \u2013 Counter-Currents.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/r.search.yahoo.com\/_ylt=A0LEVzDMvzBWAEIA.kBXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTEzNzluNTRuBGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwM2BHZ0aWQDQjExNjBGXzEEc2VjA3Ny\/RV=2\/RE=1446064204\/RO=10\/RU=http%3a%2f%2famericandeception.com%2findex.php%3faction%3ddownloadpdf%26photo%3dPDFsml_AD2%2fThe_Great_Betrayal-Stephen_Wise-Jacob_De_Haas-1930-310pgs-REL-POL.sml.pdf%26id%3d491\/RK=0\/RS=bObsWBQvvqbwl9uMrGoZLEHENAA-\" >THE GREAT BETRAYAL \u2013 American Deception, by STEPHEN S WISE AND JACOB DE HAAS \u2013 1930 \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ifamericansknew.org\/us_ints\/amery.html\" >\u201c<em>The drafter of the Balfour Declaration was a secret Zionist in what historian William Rubinstein states was \u2018probably the most remarkable example of concealment of identity in twentieth-century British political history<\/em>\u2019\u201d \u2013 THE SECRET OF LEOPOLD AMERY \u2013 IF AMERICANS KNEW \u2013 IfAmericansKnew.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mideastweb.org\/britzion.htm\" >British Support for Jewish Restoration \u2013 MideastWeb.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zionism-israel.com\/Balfour_Introduction_to_Zionism.htm\" >Lord Arthur Balfour on Zionism \u2013 Zionism-Israel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mideastweb.org\/napoleon1799.htm\" >\u201c<em>Hasten !, Now is the moment, which may not return for thousands of years, to claim the restoration of civic rights among the population of the universe which had been shamefully withheld from you for thousands of years, your political existence as a nation among the nations<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Napoleon Bonaparte\u2019s Letter to the Jews \u2013 April 20, 1799 \u2013 MideastWeb.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/opinion\/should-britain-apologize-for-the-balfour-declaration.premium-1.518145\" >\u201c<em>Rather than a colonist\u2019s love song to Zionism, as some pro-Palestinian U.K. campaigners now claim, the Balfour Declaration of 1917 was based on miscalculations, anti-Semitism and propaganda \u2013 and set in train a war that is yet to end<\/em>. \u201d \u2013 Should Britain Apologize for the Balfour Declaration?, by James Renton \u2013 Apr 29, 2013 \u2013 Haaretz.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/jewwatch.com\/jew-references-balfour.html\" >The Balfour Declaration: <em>\u201cNothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine\u201d \u2013 <\/em>THE BALFOUR DECLARATION ABOVE PROTECTED NON-JEWS BUT ISRAEL MURDERS THEIR CHILDREN ON A DAILY BASIS \u2013 JewWatch.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/jesus-is-savior.com\/False%20Religions\/Illuminati\/world_war_one.htm\" ><em>\u201cA further purpose of the WWI was to cause the destruction of the Ottoman Empire, in order to free the land of Palestine from its grasp, leading to the creation of the Zionist state of Israel. After Prime Minister of England, Lord Asquith, was deposed in 1916, because he had opposed Zionist interests. David Lloyd George, whose career was made as a lawyer for the World Zionist Organization, as well as Winston Churchill and Arthur Balfour of the Round Table, were placed in power<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Arthur Balfour \u2013 The Fall of the Ottoman Empire \u2013 World War One and the Illuminati \u2013 Jesus-Is-Savior.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forthepeaceofjerusalem.com\/the-balfour-decleration.html\" >The Balfour Declaration \u2013 Background: World War 1 \u2013 \u201cPray for the Peace of Jerusalem\u2026\u201d \u2013 Psalm 122:6 \u2013 ForThePeaceOfJerusalem.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/johnmccarthy90066.tripod.com\/id825.html\" >The Hidden History of the Balfour Declaration, by John Cornelius \u2013 John McCarthy \u2013 Tripod.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balfour_Declaration#Background\" >Background \u2013 Balfour Declaration (of 1917) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/lareviewofbooks.org\/essay\/wasnt-just-european-war-wwi-arabia\/\" >It Wasn\u2019t Just a European War: WWI in Arabia, by Shehryar Fazli \u2013 April 20<sup>th<\/sup>, 2014 \u2013 LAReviewOfBook.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.realjewnews.com\/?p=189\" >Jews Blackmailed Wilson into WWI \u2013 RealJewsNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questia.com\/magazine\/1P3-509432271\/the-origin-of-the-palestine-israel-conflict\" >The Origin of the Palestine-Israel Conflict, by H. Richard \u2013 MAGAZINE ARTICLE \u2013 <em>Washington Report on Middle East Affairs<\/em> \u2013 Questia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/desip.igc.org\/OriginsOfBalfour.html\" >ON THE ORIGINS OF THE BALFOUR DECLARATION, by Nicholas Lysson \u2013 May 2006 \u2013 IGC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.coldwarstudies.com\/2012\/11\/30\/palestine-israel-timeline-1917-1929\/\" >PALESTINE-ISRALE TIMELINE: 1917-1929 \u2013 ColdWarStudies.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.balfourproject.org\/timeline\/\" >The Balfour Project \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BalfourProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 World War I: <\/strong><strong>The<\/strong><strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Empire\" >Russian Empire<\/a> <\/strong><strong>declares war on the<\/strong><strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a><\/strong> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dardanelles\" >Dardanelles<\/a> are subsequently closed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Russia\u2019s Declaration of War Against Ottoman of 1914:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nzhistory.net.nz\/war\/ottoman-empire\/enters-the-war\" >\u201c<em>On 2 November, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire. France and the British Empire, Russia\u2019s wartime allies, followed suit on the 5th<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The Ottoman Empire \u2013 NZHistory.net.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1909\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lambda_Chi_Alpha\" >Lambda Chi Alpha<\/a> fraternity is founded at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boston_University\" >Boston University<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1899\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boers\" >Boers<\/a> begin their 118-day <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Ladysmith\" >siege<\/a> of British-held <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ladysmith,_South_Africa\" >Ladysmith<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Boer_War\" >Second Boer War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Siege of Ladysmith:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Ladysmith\" >Siege of Ladysmith \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/battles_ladysmith.html\" >Siege of Ladysmith, 2 November 1899-27 February 1900 \u2013 historyofwar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britishbattles.com\/great-boer-war\/siege-ladysmith.htm\" >The Siege of Ladysmith \u2013 britishbattles.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britishbattles.com\/battle-of-ladysmith\/\" >Battle of Ladysmith \u2013 britishbattles.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Second Boer War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historynet.com\/second-boer-war.htm\" >Second Boer War \u2013 HistoryNet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/South-African-War\" >South African War (Second Boer War) \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nzhistory.net.nz\/war\/south-african-boer-war\/introduction\" >South African \u2018Boer War\u2019 \u2013 Page South African War 1899-1902 \u2013 NZHistory.net.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.angloboerwar.com\/boer-war\" >Boer War 1899-1902 \u2013 AngloBoerWar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historywarsweapons.com\/second-boer-war\/\" >Second Boer War \u2013 HistoryWarsWeapons.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Boer_War.aspx\" >\u201cThe Boer War (or Anglo-Boer War) was a conflict in which the British Empire fought the forces of two \u201cBoer Republics\u201d from 1899 to 1902 in southern Africa. The Boers lost the war, but resistance gained them concessions even in defeat.\u201d \u2013 Boer War \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Boer_War#Background\" >Background \u2013 Second Boer War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history-net.com\/Start\/Boer_War\/boer_war.html\" >BOER WAR \u2013 History-Net.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/43208438\/impact-of-second-boer-war-flash-cards\/\" >Impact of Second Boer War \u2013 Quizlet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/kieranmcmullen.com\/2012\/10\/07\/weapons-of-the-second-boer-war\/\" >Weapons of the Second Boer War \u2013 KieranMcMullen.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wars.findthedata.com\/l\/186\/Second-Boer-War\" >Second Boer War \u2013 FindTheData.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.answers.com\/Q\/What_were_the_causes_of_the_second_boer_war\" >What were the causes of the second boer war? \u2013 Answers.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ranker.com\/list\/a-list-of-all-second-boer-war-battles\/reference\" >List of the Second Boer War Battles \u2013 Ranker.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>NOVEMBER 03<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong>UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon calls for global action on climate change after warning from scientists.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>UN and the Climate Change:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/11\/03\/world\/europe\/global-warming-un-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change.html?_r=0\" >UN Panel Issues Starkest Warning Yet on Global Warming, by Justin Gilles \u2013 Nov. 2, 2014 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/climatechange\/\" >UN AND CLIMATE CHANGE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2014\/nov\/02\/rapid-carbon-emission-cuts-severe-impact-climate-change-ipcc-report\" >\u201c<em>Most important assessment of global warming yet warns carbon emissions must be cut sharply and soon, but UN\u2019s IPCC says solutions are available and affordable<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 ICPP: rapid carbon emission cuts vital to stop severe impact of climate change \u2013 Nov.2, 2014 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iisd.ca\/download\/pdf\/sd\/crsvol172num18e.pdf\" >SUMMARY OF THE CLIMATE SUMMIT 2014: 23 SEPTEMBER 2014 \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unep.org\/climatechange\/NewHome\/tabid\/794594\/Default.aspx\" >Climate Change \u2013 UNEP<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar_eclipse_of_November_3,_2013\" >solar eclipse<\/a> sweeps across Africa, Europe and the Eastern United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong>Syrian rebels launch a major assault on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taftanaz\" >Taftanaz<\/a> airbase.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Syrian Civil War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syrian_Civil_War\" >Syrian Civil War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Syrian_Air_Force_bases\" >List of Syrian Air Forces bases, including the Taftanaz airbase \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Syrian Civil War Timeline:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War\" >Timeline of the Syrian Civil War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/interactive\/2012\/02\/201225111654512841.html\" >Timeline of Syria\u2019s raging war \u2013 Aljazeera.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/syria-timeline-civil-war\/25090030.html\" >Syrian Civil War \u2013 A Timeline of Tragedy \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFERL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.timetoast.com\/timelines\/syrian-civil-war--3\" >Syrian Civil War \u2013 Timeline created by Dean, Will S \u2013 TimeToast.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/08\/27\/world\/meast\/syria-civil-war-fast-facts\/index.html\" >Syrian Civil War Fast Facts \u2013 August 27, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/news\/international\/countriesandterritories\/syria\/index.html\" >SYRIA \u2013 COVERGE HIGHLIGHTS \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong>The United States of America imposes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_sanctions\" >economic sanctions<\/a> against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudan\" >Sudan<\/a> in response to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights_in_Sudan\" >its human rights abuses of its own citizens<\/a> and its material and political assistance to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamic_extremism\" >Islamic extremist<\/a> groups across the Middle East and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Africa\" >Eastern Africa<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>Death of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abdullah_%C3%87atl%C4%B1\" >Abdullah \u00c7atl\u0131<\/a>, leader of the Turkish ultra-nationalist organization <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grey_Wolves_%28organization%29\" >Grey Wolves<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Susurluk_scandal\" >Susurluk car-crash<\/a>, which leads to the resignation of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interior_Minister_%28Turkey%29\" >Turkish Interior Minister<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mehmet_A%C4%9Far\" >Mehmet A\u011far<\/a> (a leader of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/True_Path_Party\" >True Path Party<\/a>, DYP).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lankan<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamil_people\" >Tamil<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercenary\" >mercenaries<\/a> try to overthrow the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maldives\" >Maldivian<\/a> government. At President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maumoon_Abdul_Gayoom\" >Maumoon Abdul Gayoom<\/a>\u2018s request, the Indian military suppresses the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup\" >coup<\/a> attempt within 24 hours.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong>Soviet Union agrees to allow teaching of Hebrew.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Hebrew Teaching in Soviet Union:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1988\/11\/03\/world\/soviets-said-to-agree-to-end-ban-on-teaching-of-hebrew.html\" >Soviet Said to Agree to End Ban on Teaching of Hebrew \u2013 November 3, 1988 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia\" >History of Jews in Russia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federated_States_of_Micronesia\" >Federated States of Micronesia<\/a> gain independence from the United States of America.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair\" >Iran\u2013Contra affair<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanon\" >Lebanese<\/a> magazine <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ash-Shiraa\" >Ash-Shiraa<\/a><\/em> reports that the United States has been secretly selling weapons to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iran<\/a> in order to secure the release of seven American <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hostage\" >hostages<\/a> held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salang_Tunnel_fire\" >Salang Tunnel fire<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a> kills up to 2,000 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greensboro_massacre\" >Greensboro massacre<\/a>: Five members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Workers%27_Party_%28United_States%29\" >Communist Workers Party<\/a> are shot dead and seven are wounded by a group of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ku_Klux_Klan\" >Klansmen<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neo-Nazis\" >neo-Nazis<\/a> during a \u201cDeath to the Klan\u201d rally in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greensboro,_North_Carolina\" >Greensboro, North Carolina<\/a>, United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominica\" >Dominica<\/a> gains its independence from the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>History of Dominica:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Dominica\" >History of Dominica \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/dominica\/history\" >Dominica \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.howstuffworks.com\/south-american-history\/history-of-dominica.htm\" >History of Dominica \u2013 HowStuffsWorks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thecommonwealth.org\/our-member-countries\/dominica\/history\" >Dominica: History \u2013 The Commonwealth \u2013TheCommonwealth.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldrover.com\/history\/dominica_history.html\" >History of Dominica \u2013 WorldRover.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.avirtualdominica.com\/historytimeline.cfm\" >Dominica\u2019s History timeline \u2013 AVirtualDominica.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19409492\" >Dominica country profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Dominica:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/theworldfactbook.info\/geos\/do.html\" >DOMINICA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Dominican%20Republic\" >Dominican Republic \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/caribbean-islands\/59.htm\" >Dominica \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Dominica\" >Dominica \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/dominica.html\" >Dominica \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factmonster.com\/country\/dominica.html\" >Dominica \u2013 FactMonster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19246342\" >Dominica country profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Dominica:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Dominica\" >Foreign relations of Dominica \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.photius.com\/countries\/dominica\/government\/foreign.html\" >Dominica Government \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 Photius.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/countrystudies.us\/caribbean-islands\/66.htm\" >Dominica \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2295.htm\" >US Relations with Dominica \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/dominican-republic\/ri329\" >Dominica \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Dominica:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Dominica\" >Economy of Dominica \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/dominican-republic-economy.html\" >Dominican Republic \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/dominicanrepublic\/overview\" >Dominica \u2013 Overview \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/dominica\" >Dominica \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/dominica\" >Dominica \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/caribbean-islands\/64.htm\" >Dominica \u2013 Economy \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thecommonwealth.org\/our-member-countries\/dominica\/economy\" >Dominica: Economy \u2013 TheCommonwealth.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syed_Nazrul_Islam\" >Syed Nazrul Islam<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A._H._M._Qamaruzzaman\" >A H M Qamaruzzaman<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tajuddin_Ahmad\" >Tajuddin Ahmad<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Mansur_Ali\" >Muhammad Mansur Ali<\/a>, Bangladeshi politicians and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman\" >Sheikh Mujibur Rahman<\/a> loyalists, murdered in the Dhaka Central Jail.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mariner_program\" >Mariner program<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\" >NASA<\/a> launches the <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mariner_10\" >Mariner 10<\/a><\/em> toward <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercury_%28planet%29\" >Mercury<\/a>. On March 29, 1974, it becomes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_probe\" >space probe<\/a> to reach that planet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong>Vietnam War: US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_M._Nixon\" >Richard M. Nixon<\/a> addresses the nation on television and radio, asking the \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Silent_majority\" >silent majority<\/a>\u201d to join him in solidarity on the Vietnam War effort and to support his policies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Dak_To\" >Battle of Dak To<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong>Washington D C residents are able to vote in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Presidential_election\" >presidential election<\/a> for the first time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> (atmospheric) at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1962:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1962_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1962 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of the nuclear test of the Soviet Union \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovatmtest.html\" >Soviet Atmospheric Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/ussrnuks.shtml\" >USSR Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Database \u2013 Zvis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>The land that would become the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Swamp_National_Wildlife_Refuge\" >Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge<\/a> was established by an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Act_of_Congress\" >Act of Congress<\/a> after a year-long legal battle that pitted local residents against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey\" >Port Authority of New York and New Jersey<\/a> officials wishing to turn the Great Swamp into a major regional airport for jet aircraft.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge in New Jersey:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/refuge\/great_swamp\/\" >Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge | New Jersey<\/a>, <em><strong>and<\/strong><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/refuge\/Great_Swamp\/wildlife_and_habitat\/index.html\" >Wildlife &amp; Habitat \u2013 Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge | New Jersey<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/uploadedFiles\/Region_5\/NWRS\/North_Zone\/Great_Swamp_Complex\/Great_Swamp\/GreatSwampBrochure.pdf\" >Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge | New Jersey \u2013 Brochure \u2013 FWS.gov \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/friendsofgreatswamp.org\/\" >Friends of Great Swamp National Wildlife<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.njskylands.com\/pkswamp\" >The Great Swamp \u2013 Skylands Visitor \u2013 New Jersey \u2013 NJSkylands.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/stateparks.com\/great_swamp.html\" >GREAT SWAMP NATIONAL REFUGE \u2013 StateParks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.morrisparks.net\/aspparks\/gswampmain.asp\" >Great Swamp Outdoor Education Center \u2013 Morris County NJ Park Commission \u2013 MorrisParks.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sputnik_program\" >Sputnik program<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> launches <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sputnik_2\" >Sputnik 2<\/a><\/em>. On board is the first animal to enter <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orbit\" >orbit<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_space_dogs\" >dog<\/a> named <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laika\" >Laika<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1956\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khan_Yunis_killings\" >Khan Yunis killings<\/a> are perpetrated by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel_Defense_Forces\" >Israel Defense Forces<\/a> in Egyptian-controlled Gaza, resulting in the deaths of 275 male Arabs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/physics\/laureates\/1954\/\" >Nobel for physics awarded to Max Born &amp; Walter Bothe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Godzilla_%281954_film%29\" >first <em>Godzilla<\/em> film<\/a> is released and marks the first appearance of the character <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Godzilla\" >of the same name<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Godzilla:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=njDSd8e6o70\" >\u201c<em>Godzilla is a metaphor for Nuclear Destruction, this song suits that beautifully\u2026The ending still gives me chills how it\u2019s set up as an uncertain future whether we can get past war and destruction. All that accompanied by this song<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 YouTube video (2 min. 55 sec.): Godzilla (1954) \u201cPrayer for Peace\u201d \u2013 Akira Ifukune<\/a>, <em><strong>or<\/strong><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qYRnw3FENNs\" >YouTube video (2 min. 59 sec.): Godzilla- Prayer for Peace<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.criterion.com\/current\/posts\/2127-godzilla-poetry-after-the-a-bomb\" >Godzilla: Poetry After the A-Bomb, by J. Hoberman \u2013 CURRENT \u2013 Criterion.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ccat.sas.upenn.edu\/%7Eharoldfs\/popcult\/handouts\/metaphor\/godzilla\/godzilla.html\" >The Monster That Morphed Into a Metaphor, by Terrance Rafferty \u2013 May 2, 2004 \u2013 From the NY Times \u2013 UPENN.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rantlifestyle.com\/2014\/05\/18\/godzilla-the-anti-nuclear-monster-movie\/\" >\u201c<em>Since its inception in 1954, Godzilla has been repeatedly Americanized\u2026.The original concept for Godzilla was as a social commentary on the devastation of the atomic bombs that ravaged Japanese society. It served as a metaphor for what occurs in the heinous aftermath of using nuclear technology, specifically weapons<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Godzilla: The Anti-Nuclear Monster Movie, by Willis Pattenaude \u2013 May 18, 2014 \u2013 Ranti Lifestyle \u2013 Rantilifestyle.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/motherboard.vice.com\/blog\/godzilla-is-our-never-ending-nuclear-nightmare\" >A Brief History of Godzilla, Our Walking Nuclear Nightmare, by Brian Merchant \u2013 August 23, 2013 \u2013 Mother Board \u2013 Voice.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.comicbookmovie.com\/fansites\/nailbiter111\/news\/?a=82325\" >New GODZILLA To Parallel Japan\u2019s Fukushima Nuclear Disaster? \u2013 ComicBookMovie.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/entertainment\/movies\/new-godzilla-reflects-fears-nuclear-natural-disasters-article-1.1784809\" >The New \u2018Godzilla\u2019 reflects our current fears of nuclear and natural disasters \u2013 Sunday, May 11, 2014 \u2013 New York Daily News \u2013 NYDailyNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2014\/05\/16\/how-godzilla-dances-around-that-whole-nuclear-issue\" >How \u2018Godzilla\u2019 Dances Around That Whole Nuclear Issue \u2013 May 16, 2014 \u2013 Tierney Sneed \u2013 US News \u2013 USNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Two supreme commanders of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovak_National_Uprising\" >Slovak National Uprising<\/a>, Generals <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%A1n_Golian\" >J\u00e1n Golian<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rudolf_Viest\" >Rudolf Viest<\/a> are captured, tortured and later executed by German forces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: 500 aircraft of the U.S. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/8th_Air_Force\" >8th Air Force<\/a> devastate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilhelmshaven\" >Wilhelmshaven<\/a> harbor in Germany.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Koli_Point_action\" >Koli Point action<\/a> begins during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guadalcanal_Campaign\" >Guadalcanal Campaign<\/a> and ends on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/November_12\" >November 12<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>The order is given to bomb Pearl Harbor.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Order to Attack Pearl Harbor:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/the-order-is-given-bomb-pearl-harbor\" >NOV 3, 1941: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: The order is given: Bomb Pearl Harbor \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1930\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Get%C3%BAlio_Dornelles_Vargas\" >Get\u00falio Dornelles Vargas<\/a> becomes Head of the Provisional Government in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brazil\" >Brazil<\/a> after a bloodless coup on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/October_24\" >October 24<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%9319\" >German Revolution of 1918\u201319<\/a> begins when 40,000 sailors <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiel_mutiny\" >take over<\/a> the port in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiel\" >Kiel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poland\" >Poland<\/a> declares its independence from Russia.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>History of Poland:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Poland\" >History of Poland \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab01\" >HISTORY OF POLAND \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/poland\/history\" >Poland \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Poland\" >History of Poland \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/poland\/\" >Poland \u2013 HISTORY \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/poland.html\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF POLAND \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/vjw\/Poland.html\" >Poland \u2013 The Virtual Jewish World \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rootsweb.ancestry.com\/%7Epolwgw\/history.html\" >Timeline of Polish History \u2013 Roots Web \u2013 Ancestry.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/info-poland.buffalo.edu\/classroom\/maps\/task4.html\" >Historical Maps of Poland \u2013 Buffalo.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-17754512\" >Poland country profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Poland and Russia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poland%E2%80%93Russia_relations\" >Poland-Russia relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/eurodialogue.org\/History-of-Russian-Polish-Relations\" >HISTORY OF RUSSIAN-POLISH RELATIONS \u2013 Euro-Dialogue.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Warsaw#1918-1939\" >\u201c<em>The first years of independence were very difficult: war havoc, hyperinflation and the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920. In the course of this war, the Battle of Warsaw was fought on the Eastern outskirts of the city, and the capital was successfully defended and the Red Army defeated. Poland stopped on itself the full brunt of the Red Army and defeated an idea of the \u2018export of the revolution.\u2019<\/em>\u201d \u2013 History of Warsaw \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/od-russia\/andrei-kolesnikov\/russia-poland-history-too-terrible\" >Russia-Poland: a history too terrible \u2013 OpenDemocracy.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/3215371\/POLISH-RUSSIAN_RELATIONS_HISTORY_GEOGRAPHY_AND_GEOPOLITICS\" >POLISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS: HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY AND GEOPOLITICS, uploaded by Fatih \u00d6zbay \u2013 Academia.edu \u2013 pdf downloadable<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/poland-vs-russia-in-a-war-of-words-rents-and-history\/a-18241767\" >Poland vs. Russia in a war of words, rent and history \u2013 DW.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyguy.com\/russian_polish_wars.htm\" >Russo-Polish Wars: Wars and Conflicts Between Russia and Poland \u2013 HistoryGuy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/article\/openrussia\/russia-poland-and-the-history-wars\" >Russia, Poland and the history wars \u2013 OpenDemocracy.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Poland:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/pl.html\" >POLAND \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Poland\" >Poland \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/poland.html\" >Poland \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Poland\" >Poland \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factmonster.com\/country\/poland.html\" >Poland \u2013 FactMonster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/geography.about.com\/od\/polandmaps\/a\/polandgeography.htm\" >Geography of Poland \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-17753718\" >Poland country profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Poland:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.msz.gov.pl\/en\" >Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Poland\" >Foreign relations of Poland \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/poland\/88.htm\" >Poland \u2013 FOREIGN RELATOINS \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/democratization\/poland\/p30812\" >Poland \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poland%E2%80%93United_States_relations\" >Poland-United States relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2875.htm\" >US Relations with Poland \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Poland:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Poland\" >Economy of Poland \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/poland-economy.html\" >Poland \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/poland\" >Poland \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/poland\" >Poland \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/poland\" >Poland \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary<\/a> enters into an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armistice\" >armistice<\/a> with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_I\" >Allies<\/a>, and the Habsburg-ruled empire dissolves.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Austria-Hungarian Empire (Hapsburg) and the Armistice with the Allies:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/jstor-2212834\/2212834_djvu.txt\" >Full text of \u201cSupplement to Protocol of Armistice with Austro-Hungary, November 3, 1918\u201d \u2013 Archive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk\/armistice.html\" >\u201c<em>The following text is reproduced from the English translation of the noted Austrian historian Edmund von Glaise-Horstenau\u2019s The Collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire* published in 1930. The extract deals with the confused situation that led to the capture of thousands of Austro-Hungarian soldiers in November 1918. The ranks of Austro-Hungarian officers have been rendered in the correct German for<\/em>\u201d \u2013 The Armistice of Villa Giusti 1918 \u2013 Austro-Hungarian-Army.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Austro-Hungarian (Hapsburg) Empire:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Habsburg_Monarchy\" >Hapsburg Monarchy \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/austro-hungarian-monarchy.html\" >Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary | historical empire, Europe \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.firstprinciplesjournal.com\/print.aspx?article=510\" >The Tragic Death of the Hapsburg Empire, by James Kurth \u2013 FIRST PRINCIPLES \u2013 FirstPrinciplesJournal.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hapsburgs.net\/\" >Hapsburgs \u2013 The House of Hapsburg \u2013 Hapsburgs.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of the Austro-Hungarian (Hapsburg) Empire:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academicroom.com\/topics\/history-austro-hungarian-empire\" >History of Austro-Hungarian Empire \u2013 Academic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=mnx\" >HISTORY OF THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/people\/hapsburg.html\" >Hapsburg \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/candicesiller\/history-austro-hungarian-empire\/\" >History \u2013 Austro-Hungarian Empire \u2013 PINTEREST.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/almanachdegotha.org\/id3.html\" >Empire of Austria-Hungary \u2013 AlmanachDeGotha.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/autocww2.colorado.edu\/%7Etoldy2\/E64ContentFiles\/HistoryOfEurope\/Austria-Hungary.html\" >Austria-Hungary \u2013 Colorado.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/Documents\/in\/Austro-Hungarian_History\" >Austro-Hungarian History \u2013 ACADEMIA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/alphahistory.com\/worldwar1\/austria-hungary\/\" >AUSTRIA-HUNGARY BEFORE WORLD WAR I \u2013 AlphaHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Austro-Hungarian_Monarchy.aspx\" >Austro-Hungarian Monarchy \u2013 THURAYA \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nzhistory.net.nz\/media\/photo\/map-austro-hungarian-empire-1914\" >Map of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1914 \u2013 NZHistory.net.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1903\u00a0 <\/strong>With the encouragement of the United States, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama\" >Panama<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Separation_of_Panama_from_Colombia\" >separates<\/a> from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombia\" >Colombia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Independence of Panama:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/panama-declares-independence\" >NOV 3, 1903: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Panama declares independence \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Panama:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Panama\" >History of Panama \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historycentral.com\/nationbynation\/Panama\/History1.html\" >Panama History \u2013 HistoryCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab28\" >HISTORY OF PANAMA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.caribbean-panama-real-estate.com\/panama-history.php\" >History Of Panama \u2013 Caribbean and Panama<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/panama\/history\" >Panama \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/panama\/\" >HISTORY \u2013 Panama \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/countries\/panama\" >A Guide to the United States\u2019 History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Panama \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19889251\" >Panama country profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Panama:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/pm.html\" >PANAMA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Panama\" >Panama \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Panama\" >Panama \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/panama.html\" >Panama \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/panama.htm\" >Panama \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19888936\" >Panama profile \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Panama:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Panama\" >Foreign relations of Panama \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/countrystudies.us\/panama\/62.htm\" >Panama \u2013 FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/panama\/ri340\" >Panama \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2030.htm\" >US Relations with Panama \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama%E2%80%93United_States_relations\" >Panama-United States relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.photius.com\/countries\/panama\/government\/panama_government_foreign_relations.html\" >Panama FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 Photius.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/keyword\/panama-foreign-relations\" >Panama \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 Articles \u2013 LATimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Panama:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Panama\" >Economy of Panama \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/panama-country-central-america-economy.html\" >Panama \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/panama\" >Panama \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/panama\" >Panama \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/panama\" >Panama \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Colombia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/co.html\" >COLOMBIA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Colombia\" >Colombia \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Colombia\" >Colombia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/colombia.html\" >Colombia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19390026\" >Colombia country profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Columbia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Colombia\" >Foreign relations of Colombia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/colombia\/ri325\" >Colombia \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/35754.htm\" >US Relations with Colombia \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/colombia\/97.htm\" >Colombia \u2013 FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/colombia\/forrel.htm\" >Colombia \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.photius.com\/countries\/colombia\/government\/colombia_government_foreign_relations.html\" >Colombia FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 Photius.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu\/webbin\/book\/browse?type=lcsubc&amp;key=Colombia%20--%20Foreign%20relations%20--%20Panama&amp;c=x\" >Colombia \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 UPENN.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Colombia and the United Nations:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.colombiaun.org\/English\/Home.html\" >Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Permanent_Representative_of_Colombia_to_the_United_Nations\" >Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unog.ch\/unog\/website\/missions.nsf\/%28httpPermanentMissions_en%29\/A3A0F87E86765DC9C1256F4100451ED0\" >Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations and other international organizations in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Columbia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Colombia\" >History of Colombia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/colombia-history.html\" >Colombia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/colombia\/history\" >Colombia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab81\" >HISTORY OF COLOMBIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldrover.com\/history\/colombia_history.html\" >Colombia \u2013 History \u2013 WorldRover.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/latinamericanhistory.about.com\/od\/thehistoryofcolombia\/\" >The History of Colombia \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19390164\" >Colombia country profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Columbia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Colombia\" >Economy of Colombia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/colombia\" >COLOMBIA \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/colombia\" >Colombia \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/colombia\" >Colombia \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/colombia-economy.html\" >Colombia \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/south-america\/economy\/columbia.html\" >Colombia \u2013 Economy \u2013 MapsOfWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123independenceday.com\/colombia\/economy.html\" >Economy of Colombia \u2013 123IndependenceDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong>France withdraws its troops from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fashoda\" >Fashoda<\/a> (now in Sudan), ending the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fashoda_Incident\" >Fashoda Incident<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>NOVEMBER 04<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Today is the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unisdr.org\/2016\/tsunamiday\/\" >WORLD TSUNAMI AWARENESS DAY<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ga\/search\/view_doc.asp?symbol=A\/RES\/70\/203\" >A\/RES\/70\/203<\/a>):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama\" >Barack Obama<\/a> becomes the first person of African-American descent to be elected <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >President of the United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong>Chinese authorities arrest cyber-dissident <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/He_Depu\" >He Depu<\/a> for signing a pro-democracy letter to the 16th <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China\" >Communist Party Congress<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israeli<\/a> prime minister <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yitzhak_Rabin\" >Yitzhak Rabin<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination_of_Yitzhak_Rabin\" >assassinated<\/a> by an extremist Israeli.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/yitzhak-rabin-assassinated\" >NOV 4, 1995: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Yitzhak Rabin assassinated \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/History\/rabinass.html\" >The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin (November 4, 1995) \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/intellit.muskingum.edu\/israel_folder\/israelrabin.html\" >ISRAEL \u2013 Rabin Assassination \u2013 Mukingum.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/learning\/general\/onthisday\/bday\/0301.html\" >ON THIS DAY: OBITUARY \u2013 Assassination in Israel; Yitzhak Rabin, 73, an Israeli Soldier Turned Prime Minister and Peacemaker, by Marilyn Berger \u2013 November 5, 1995 \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/1990s\/qt\/Rabin-Assassination.htm\" >Yitzhak Rabin Assassination \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jpost.com\/Magazine\/This-Week-in-History-Rabin-assassinated-380652\" >Rabin\u2019s assassination: The story that changed the nation, by Caroline Frank \u2013 11\/04\/2014 \u2013 The Jerusalem Post \u2013 Jpost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/torahcode.us\/torah_codes\/rabin\/rabin1.shtml\" >The Rabin Assassination \u2013 TorahCode.us<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran_hostage_crisis\" >Iran hostage crisis<\/a>: A mob of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iranians<\/a>, mostly students, overruns the US embassy in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tehran\" >Tehran<\/a> and takes 90 hostages (53 of whom are American).<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Iran Hostage Crisis:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/iran-hostage-crisis\" >IRAN HOSTAGE CRISIS \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1979\/11\/4\/iran-hostage-crisis-begins-iranian-militants-seize-the-us-embassy-in-tehran\" >NOV 4, 1979 \u2013 Hostage Crisis Begins \u2013 Iranian Militants Seize the US Embassy in Teheran \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2007\/11\/iranians-storm-us-embassy-nov-4-1979-006622\" >Iranians storm US embassy Nov 4, 1979, by Andrew Glass \u2013 11\/04\/07 \u2013 Politico.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.army.mil\/article\/114417\/US_Embassy_in_Iran_Seized__4_November_1979\/\" >US Embassy in Iran Seized November 4, 1979 \u2013 Army.Mil<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/diplopundit.net\/2013\/11\/04\/november-4-1979-iranian-mob-attacks-us-embassy-tehran-hostages-compensated-50day\/\" >November 4, 1979: Iranian Mob Attacks US Embassy Teheran; Hostages Compensated $50\/Day, by Domani Srepo \u2013 November 4, 2013 \u2013 Diplopundit.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov\/documents\/hostages.phtml\" >The Hostage Crisis in Iran \u2013 JIMMY CARTER PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY &amp; MUSEUM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/contemporary-history\/november-4-1979-iran-hostage-crisis\/\" >November 4, 1979: The Iran Hostage Crisis, by Ray Takeyh \u2013 posted November 4, 2011 \u2013 TheHistoryReader.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/topics\/iran-hostage-crisis\" >Iran Hostage Crisis timeline \u2013 HistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/skepticism.org\/timeline\/november-history\/10228-us-embassy-tehran-taken-over-iranian-militants.html\" >Date: 4 November 1979 \u2013 US Embassy in Teheran is Taken Over by Iranian Militants \u2013 Skepticism.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalpost.com\/dispatch\/news\/regions\/middle-east\/iran\/130927\/us-iran-relations-timeline-7-major-events-the-iranian-\" >US-Iran relations timeline: 7 major events since the Iranian Revolution, by Alexander Besant \u2013 Sep 28, 2013 \u2013 GlobalPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1978:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1978_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1978 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bigpicture\/2009\/11\/kazakhstans_radioactive_legacy.html\" >Kazakhstan\u2019s radioactive legacy \u2013 Boston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wn.com\/semipalatinsk_test_site\" >\u201cMy home: nuclear base Semipalatinsk \u2013 21\u201d, Episode 02 \u201cMain Testing Field\u201d (Video: 3 min. 14 sec.) \u2013 WN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death In Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/carlwillis.wordpress.com\/2012\/08\/13\/visit-to-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\/\" >Visit to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 SPEICAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/appraisals\/semipalatinsk.asp\" >The Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan \u2013 IAEA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/732\/\" >Semipalatinsk Test Site \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/5988266\/the-tragic-story-of-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\" >The Tragic Story of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, by Vincze Mikl\u00f3s \u2013 io9.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/Sixty_Years_After_First_Soviet_Nuclear_Test_Legacy_Of_Misery_Lives_On\/1809712.html\" >60 Years After First Soviet Nuclear Test, Legacy Of Misery Lives On In Kazakhstan \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 Monday, August 10, 2015 \u2013 RFERL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8236431.stm\" >Soviet nuclear tests leave Kazakh fallout \u2013 Sunday, 6 September 2009 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/story\/2010\/02\/24\/ST2010022403314.html?sid=ST2010022403314\" >In Kazakhstan, the race for uranium goes nuclear, by Philip P. Pan \u2013 Thursday, February 25, 2005 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?17456\" >Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 NuclearNo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/listverse.com\/2012\/05\/15\/top-10-nuclear-test-sites\/\" >Top 10 Nuclear Test Sites, Michael Affleck, May 15, 2012 \u2013 Our World \u2013 ListVerse.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan\/Semipalatinsk:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reference.allrefer.com\/country-guide-study\/kazakhstan\/kazakhstan17.html\" >Kazakstan\/Kazakhstan \u2013 Environmental Problems \u2013 Reference.AllRefer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdfs\/HBWW_EN\/Semipalatinsk_EN_web.pdf\" >\u201cIn Semipalatinsk, the local population was exposed to high levels of radioactivity from nuclear weapon tests for several decades\u2026\u201d \u2013 Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Nuclear test site \u2013 Nuclear-Risk.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalatinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/key-issues\/nuclear-weapons\/issues\/testing\/PDFs\/JC-143920%5B1%5D.pdf\" >Radionuclide Contamination at Kazakhstan\u2019s Semipalatinsk Test Site Implications on Human and Ecological Heath, by T.M. Carlsen, L.E. Peterson, B.A. Ulsh, C.A. Werner, K.L.Purvis, A.C. Sharber<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nukefreetexas.org\/downloads\/plutominum_uranium_semipalatinsk_test_site.pdf\" >Plutonium and Uranium in Human Bones from Areas surrounding the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 NukeFreeTexas.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Asia-South-Central\/2013\/0828\/Secrets-of-Semipalatinsk-How-nuclear-theft-was-averted-in-Central-Asia\" >\u201cTheir research done on sample villages near the test site found cancer mortality rates 2-1\/2 times greater than those in a control village. The agency says some 356,000 people face radiation risk, with 70 percent of those being descendants of exposed villagers\u2026\u201d \u2013 Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cajgh.pitt.edu\/ojs\/index.php\/cajgh\/article\/view\/127\/0\" >Studies of Health Effects from Nuclear Testing near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Kazakhstan, by Bernd Grosche, Tamara Zhunussova, Kazbek Apsalikov, Ausrele Kesminiene<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/wasj\/wasj23%285%2913\/19.pdf\" >Information Report on Biological Studies Conducted At the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 IDOSI.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/articles\/PMC3866702\" >Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in the Semipalatinsk Historical Cohort, 1960 \u2013 1999, and its Relationship to Radiation Exposure \u2013 Europe PubMed Central<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>The Netherlands experiences the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Car-Free_Sunday\" >Car-Free Sunday<\/a> caused by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1973_oil_crisis\" >1973 oil crisis<\/a>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Highways\" >Highways<\/a> are deserted and are used only by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyclist\" >cyclists<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roller_skaters\" >roller skaters<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salvador_Allende\" >Salvador Allende<\/a> takes office as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Chile\" >President of Chile<\/a>, the first Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open elections.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamization\" >Vietnamization<\/a>: The United States turns control of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Binh_Thuy_Air_Base\" >Binh Thuy Air Base<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mekong_Delta\" >Mekong Delta<\/a> over to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arno\" >Arno River<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1966_Flood_of_the_Arno_River\" >floods<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florence\" >Florence<\/a>, Italy, to a maximum depth of 6.7\u00a0m (22\u00a0ft), leaving thousands homeless and destroying millions of masterpieces of art and rare books. Also Venice was submerged on the same day at its record all-time <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acqua_alta\" >acqua alta<\/a> of 194\u00a0cm.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong>In a test of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nike_Hercules\" >Nike Hercules<\/a> air defense missile, Shot Dominic-Tightrope is successfully detonated 69,000 feet above <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johnston_Atoll\" >Johnston Atoll<\/a>. It would also be the last atmospheric nuclear test <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >conducted by the United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Nuclear Tests by the United States:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomcentral.com\/the-cold-war.aspx\" >The Cold War \u2013 AtomCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Argus\" >Operation Argus \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Almanac\/Testing.shtml\" >Nuclear Test Sites \u2013 AtomicArchive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/nuclear\/nv209nar.pdf\" >United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 Through September 1992 \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Atmospheric\/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High-altitude_nuclear_explosion\" >Atmospheric nuclear explosion \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/hane.html\" >High-altitude nuclear explosions, by Wm Robert Johnston \u2013 JohnstonsArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/history-of-nuclear-testing\/types-of-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >\u201c<em>Atmospheric testing refers to explosions which take place in the atmosphere<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 TYPES OF NUCLEA WEAPONS TESTS \u2013 CTBTO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Johnston Atoll:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Johnston-Atoll\" >Johnston Atoll \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cma.army.mil\/fndocumentviewer.aspx?docid=003673775\" >An Ecological Assessment of Johnston Atoll \u2013 Army.mil<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Various Weapons Tests and Storage at Johnston Atoll, and Permanent Contamination:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/johnston_atoll.htm\" >Johnston Atoll, and Kalama Atoll \u2013 WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/app.nimia.com\/video\/188781\/south-pacific-nuclear-tests-on-johnston-island-i-6\" >South Pacific tests on Johnston Island in 1951 \u2013 NIMIA.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nova.edu\/ncri\/11icrs\/proceedings\/files\/m23-13.pdf\" >Contaminants in Fishes from Johnston Atoll, by L. Kerr Lobel and P.S. Lobel \u2013 Boston University, Department of Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/home.earthlink.net\/%7Erobertbfish\/id19.html\" >\u201c<em>During the Cold War era, the US Air Force used JI <\/em>[Johnston Island]<em> to support several highly classified missions. In the early 1960\u2019s, it was involved with Operation Dominic, which tested a primitive anti-ballistic missile system as well as the impact of EMP on military command and control systems<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Johnstone Island, by Bob Fish \u2013 EarthLink.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dodlegacy.org\/Legacy\/project\/productdocs\/2008%20Lobels%20ch%2017_sm_b884f77c-3e42-4ea2-ab14-26e9772bd358.pdf\" >Aspects of the Biology and Geomorphology of Johnston and Wake Atolls, Pacific Ocean, by Philp S. Lobel and Lisa Kerr Lobel \u2013 DODLegacy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.parsons.com\/Media%20Library\/0903_CSDP.pdf\" >\u201c<em>Construction began on a Parsons-designed prototype full-scale chemical weapons incinerator at Johnston Island in the South Pacific Ocean<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program (CSDP) \u2013 Parsons.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2003\/01\/27\/us\/radioactive-dump-on-pacific-wildlife-refuge-raises-liability-concerns.html\" >\u201c<em>In the 1950\u2019s and 60\u2019s, the United States Air Force conducted 12 test launchings of nuclear missiles on tiny Johnston Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. In 1962, two of the shots were aborted and the missiles exploded over the runway, drenching the area in radioactive contaminants<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Radioactive Dump on Pacific Wildlife Refuge Raises Liability Concerns, by Katharine Q. Seelye \u2013 January 27, 2003 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/afspacemuseum.org\/johnston\/\" >Johnston Island \u2013 Air Force Space &amp; Missile Museum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/biologywriter.com\/backgrounder\/bioterror\/bioterror4\/\" >\u201c<em>At sunset one quiet July day an armada of ships was positioned in the ocean waters around Johnston Atoll, upwind from a line of barges with hundreds of cages containing Rhesus monkeys on their decks (figure 4)<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Bio Terror 4 \u2013 BiologyWriter \u2013 BiologyWriter.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/print_um.html\" >Johnston Atoll: \u201c<em>The site was used for high-altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s. Until late in 2000 the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Munitions destruction, cleanup, and closure of the facility were completed by May 2005<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 THE UNITED STATES PACIFIC ISLAND WILD LIFE REFUGES \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nautilus.org\/apsnet\/cleaning-up-johnston-atoll\/\" >Cleaning up Johnston Atoll \u2013 Nautilus Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ajw.asahi.com\/article\/forum\/security_and_territorial_issues\/japan_us\/AJ201503270059\" >South Pacific islands fell victim to tragedy of nuclear tests \u2013 March 27, 2015 \u2013 The Asahi Shimbun<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.war-stories.com\/ws-ao-johnston-island-1-1972.htm\" >AGENT ORANGE \u2013 Johnston Island, AFB \u2013 War-Stories.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.truth-out.org\/news\/item\/16945-deny-deny-until-all-the-veterans-die-pentagon-investigation-into-agent-orange-on-okinawa\" >\u201c<em>Another issue addressed by the investigation was a 2003 U.S. Army report \u2013 titled \u201cAn Ecological Assessment of Johnston Atoll\u201d \u2013 which stated that 25,000 barrels of Agent Orange had been on Okinawa prior to 1972<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Deny, Deny Until All the Veterans Die\u201d \u2013 Pentagon Investigation into Agent Orange in Okinawa \u2013 Truth-Out.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.guamagentorange.info\/yahoo_site_admin\/assets\/docs\/AgentOrange-JI.133194419.pdf\" >Summary Document: Agent Orange at Johnston Island \u2013 GuamAgentOrange.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.skyscanner.net\/news\/14-worlds-most-amazing-abandoned-airports\" >11 Johnston Atoll Airport, USA \u2013 <em>14 of the world\u2019s most amazing abandoned airports<\/em> \u2013 SkyScanner.net<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.guamagentorange.info\/yahoo_site_admin\/assets\/docs\/Johnston_Atoll_History.261114404.pdf\" >HISTORY OF JOHNSTON ATOLL \u2013 GuamAgentOrange.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/johns.htm\" >Case Name: Johnston Atoll Chemical Waste \u2013 Chemical Weapons Disposal Dispute \u2013 TED Case Study<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.urbanghostsmedia.com\/2010\/04\/isolated-and-abandoned-military-airbase-johnston-atoll\/\" >Johnstone Atoll: An Isolated and Abandoned Military Air Base in the Mid Pacific Ocean \u2013 8 April 2010 \u2013 UrganGhostsMedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thelivingmoon.com\/45jack_files\/03files\/Johnston_Atoll.html\" >Secret Bases \u2013 Johnston Atoll \u2013 TheLivingMoon.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jason-stevens.com\/2010\/07\/the-forgotten-island-of-johnston-atoll\/\" >The Forgotten Atoll of Johnston Atoll \u2013 Jason-Sevens.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/johnstonmemories.com\/\" >History of Johnston Island \u2013 Johnston Memories<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nuclear Weapons and the United States:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/231697.htm\" >Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verifications and Entry into Force of the CTBT \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/rls\/202015.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs \u2013 January 3, 2013 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2014\/04\/28-50-nuclear-facts\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons Today \u2013 April 28, 2014 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2012\/08\/the-future-of-the-us-nuclear-triad\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Michaela Dodge \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/1997_05\/nas\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Policy \u2013 Arms Control Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252183576_The_Future_of_the_U.S._Nuclear_Weapons_Program\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Linton F. Brooks \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/233254.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 Rose Gottemoeller, Under Secretary\u00a0for Arms Control and International Security, \u00a0Dixie State University, St. George, Utah \u2013 October 21, 2014 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>At the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kasakela_Chimpanzee_Community\" >Kasakela Chimpanzee Community<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tanzania\" >Tanzania<\/a>, Dr. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jane_Goodall\" >Jane Goodall<\/a> observes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_chimpanzee\" >chimpanzees<\/a> creating tools, the first-ever observation in non-human animals.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1956\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> troops enter <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic\" >Hungary<\/a> to end the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956\" >Hungarian revolution<\/a> against the Soviet Union, that started on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/October_23\" >October 23<\/a>. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>The End of Hungarian Revolution of 1956:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/soviets-put-brutal-end-to-hungarian-revolution\" >NOV 4, 1956: ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Soviet ends brutal end in Hungarian revolution. \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mtholyoke.edu\/%7Ecarne20a\/classweb\/Timeline.html\" >Timeline of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 \u2013 MTHOLYOKE.edu<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>The \u201cHungarian Revolution of 1956\u201d or the Struggle of Hungarians against the Soviet Power: October 23 \u2013 November 4, 1956:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/hungarian-protest-turns-violent\" >OCT 23, 1956: ON THIS DAY: Hungarian protest turns violent \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dailynewshungary.com\/1956-october-23-start-of-the-hungarian-revolution\/\" >1956 OCTOBER 23 \u2013 START OF THE HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION \u2013 23 Oct 2013 \u2013 DailyNewsHungary.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us\/%7Esgati\/gatiproductions\/starting_over\/revolution.htm\" >\u201c<em>In 1945, during World War II, the Russians came in to liberate Hungary from the Nazis, but when the Communists took over in 1949, liberation became domination and the Hungarian government was totally subordinate to Soviet control. There was freedom in the air on October 23, 1956 when Hungarian students began demonstrating against the Communist government. The Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin had died three years before; and in March of 1956, Nikita Khrushchev had spoken out against Stalin at the 20th Party Congress<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 1956 HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/visitbudapest.travel\/budapest-events\/october-23\/\" >October 23<sup>rd<\/sup> \u2013 Revolution of 1956 \u2013 VisitBudapest.travel<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.budapestbylocals.com\/event\/23rd-october-1956-revolution\/\" >October 23<sup>rd<\/sup> 1956 Revolution \u2013 Budapest by Locals<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/uahsibhistory.wikispaces.com\/Hungarian+Revolution+of+1956\" >Hungarian Revolution of 1956 \u2013 UAHSIB History<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB76\/\" >The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents \u2013 GWU.edu<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyinanhour.com\/2013\/02\/21\/hungarian-revolution-of-1956-summary\/\" >The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 \u2013 a summary \u2013 February 21, 2013 \u2013 Historian in an Hour \u2013 HistorianInAnHour.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.coldwar.org\/articles\/50s\/HungarianRevolution.asp\" >HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION \u2013 THE COLD WAR MUSEUM<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Hungary:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Hungary\" >History of Hungary \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/hungary\/\" >Hungary \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gotohungary.com\/history\/\" >HUNGARY\u2019S HISTORY IN A NUTSHELL \u2013 GoToHungary.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab87\" >HISTORY OF HUNGARY \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hungarianhistory.tripod.com\/\" >The History of Hungary \u2013 Tripod.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/hungary\/history\" >Hungary \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Hungary\" >History of Hungary \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-17383522\" >Hungary profile: Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong>The United States <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_government_of_the_United_States\" >government<\/a> establishes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Security_Agency\" >National Security Agency<\/a>, or NSA.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>National Security Agency:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nsa.gov\/\" >National Security Agency \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/national-security-agency.html\" >National Security Agency \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/uspolitics.about.com\/od\/agencies\/a\/What-Is-The-National-Security-Agency.htm\" >What is the National Security Agency? \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/irp\/nsa\/\" >NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/National_Security_Agency.aspx\" >National Security Agency \u2013 Encyclopeida.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/organizations\/n\/national_security_agency\/index.html\" >National Security Agency \u2013 Articles \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/national-security-agency\/\" >National Security Agency \u2013 Articles \u2013 The Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB23\/\" >The National Security Agency: Declassified \u2013 The National Security Archive \u2013 GWU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national\/on-innovations\/a-history-of-the-nsa\/2013\/06\/19\/ded58b8a-d823-11e2-a9f2-42ee3912ae0e_gallery.html\" >A history of the NSA \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bitola\" >Bitola<\/a> Liberation Day<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein\" >Second Battle of El Alamein<\/a>: Disobeying a direct order by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler\" >Adolf Hitler<\/a>, General Field Marshal <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erwin_Rommel\" >Erwin Rommel<\/a> leads his forces on a five-month retreat.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >War II<\/a>: US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a> orders the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Customs_Service\" >United States Customs Service<\/a> to implement the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neutrality_Acts_of_1930s\" >Neutrality Act of 1939<\/a>, allowing cash-and-carry purchases of weapons by belligerents.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1924\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nellie_Tayloe_Ross\" >Nellie Tayloe Ross<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wyoming\" >Wyoming<\/a> is elected the first female governor in the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1922\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a>, British archaeologist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Howard_Carter\" >Howard Carter<\/a> and his men find the entrance to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pharaoh\" >Pharaoh<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tutankhamun\" >Tutankhamun<\/a>\u2018s tomb in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valley_of_the_Kings\" >Valley of the Kings<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1921\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milite_Ignoto\" >Italian unknown soldier<\/a> is buried in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Altare_della_Patria\" >Altare della Patria<\/a> (Fatherland Altar) in Rome.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1921\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sturmabteilung\" >Sturmabteilung<\/a> or SA, whose members were known as \u201cbrownshirts\u201d, physically assault <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler\" >Adolf Hitler<\/a>\u2018s opposition after his speech in Munich.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary<\/a> surrenders to Italy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1890\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/City_and_South_London_Railway\" >City and South London Railway<\/a>: London\u2019s first deep-level <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London_Underground\" >tube<\/a> railway opens between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_William_Street,_London\" >King William Street<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stockwell_tube_station\" >Stockwell<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1867\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camag%C3%BCey\" >Camag\u00fcey<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" >Cuba<\/a> revolts against Spain during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ten_Years%27_War\" >Ten Years\u2019 War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1852\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour\" >Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour<\/a> becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_minister\" >prime minister<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piedmont\" >Piedmont<\/a>\u2013<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Sardinia\" >Sardinia<\/a>, which soon expands to become Italy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1847\u00a0 <\/strong>Sir <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Young_Simpson\" >James Young Simpson<\/a>, a British physician, discovers the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anaesthetic\" >anaesthetic<\/a> properties of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chloroform\" >chloroform<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1829\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newport_Rising\" >Newport Rising<\/a>: The last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1791\u00a0 <\/strong>Beginning of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Corfu_%281798%E2%80%9399%29\" >Russo-Ottoman siege<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corfu\" >Corfu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1791\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Confederacy\" >Western Confederacy<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States\" >American Indians<\/a> wins a major victory over the United States in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Clair%27s_Defeat\" >Battle of the Wabash<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1783\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart\" >Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart<\/a>\u2018s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symphony_No._36_%28Mozart%29\" >Symphony No. 36<\/a> is performed for the first time in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linz\" >Linz<\/a>, Austria.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Mozart\u2019s Symphony No. 36:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symphony_No._36_(Mozart)\" >Symphony No. 36 (Mozart) &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=mozart+symphony+36&amp;spfreload=10\" >Mozart\u2019s Symphony No.36 various plays on YouTube.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1780\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_II\" >Jos\u00e9 Gabriel Condorcanqui aka T\u00fapac Amaru II<\/a> starts his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rebellion_of_T%C3%BApac_Amaru_II\" >Rebellion<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peru\" >Peru<\/a> against Spain.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>NOVEMBER 05<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>India launches the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars_Orbiter_Mission\" >Mars Orbiter Mission<\/a>, its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Solar_System_probes\" >first interplanetary probe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Android_%28operating_system%29\" >Android<\/a> mobile operating system is unveiled by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google\" >Google<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>China\u2019s first lunar satellite, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chang%27e_1\" >Chang\u2019e 1<\/a> goes into orbit around the Moon.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saddam_Hussein\" >Saddam Hussein<\/a>, former president of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a>, and his co-defendants <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barzan_Ibrahim_al-Tikriti\" >Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Awad_Hamed_al-Bandar\" >Awad Hamed al-Bandar<\/a> are sentenced to death in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trial_of_Saddam_Hussein\" >the al-Dujail trial<\/a> for the role in the massacre of the 148 Shi\u2019a Muslims in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1982\" >1982<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Saddam Hussein:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Saddam-Hussein\" >Saddam Hussein \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/people\/hussein-saddam.html\" >Saddam Hussein \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.biography.com\/people\/saddam-hussein-9347918#%21\" >Saddam Hussein \u2013 Biography.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/people\/h\/saddam_hussein\/index.html\" >Saddam Hussein \u2013 News Archive \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Saddam Hussein\u2019s Trial:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topdocumentaryfilms.com\/trial-saddam-hussein\/\" >The Trial of Saddam Hussein \u2013 TOP DOCUMENTARY FILMS \u2013 TopDocumentaryFilms.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2003\/12\/14\/try-saddam-international-court-0\" >Try Saddam in an International Court \u2013 December 14, 2003 \u2013 Human Rights Watch<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/views\/2003\/12\/19\/saddam-should-face-international-court\" >Saddam Should Face International Court, by Helen Thomas \u2013 Friday, December 19, 2003 \u2013 CommonDreams.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/weta\/crossroads\/about\/show_trial.html\" >Did the Iraqi dictator receive a fair trial? \u2013 THE TRIAL OF SADDAM HUSSEIN \u2013 AMERICA AT A CROSSROADS \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/davidduke.com\/the-illegal-trial-of-saddam-hussein\/\" >The Illegal Trial of Saddam Hussein \u2013 December 11, 2006 \u2013 DavidDuke.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.icj.org\/iraq-trial-of-saddam-hussein-icj-urges-fundamental-rethink-if-all-participants-cannot-be-effectively-protected\/\" >\u201c<em>Already two defence lawyers are dead, one has fled, scores of witnesses appear to be too frightened to give evidence and eight people have been reportedly arrested for planning to kill an investigative judge\u201d, said Nicholas Howen, Secretary-General of the ICJ [International Commission of Jurists]. These serious developments further reduce the credibility of the trial. They make it increasingly difficult for the Court to deliver a calm, fair and just trial<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 International Commission of Jurists<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sott.net\/article\/124070-The-Capture-Trial-and-Conviction-of-Saddam-Hussein-Another-US-Intelligence-Farce\" >\u201c<em>Furthermore, Saddam\u2019s lawyers claimed that they had been denied access to their client and that they had received death threats from members of the Iraqi government. While no mainstream media outlet at the time offered an explanation of these strange occurrences, logic would suggest that there is something about the man that appeared in court that the US military did not want the Iraqi people and the rest of the world, to see, or hear.<\/em>\u201d \u2013 The Capture, Trial and Conviction of Saddam Hussein \u2013 Another US Intelligence Farce, by Joe Quinn \u2013 Thu, 28 Dec 2006 \u2013 Sott Focus \u2013 Sott.net<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein\" >Execution of Saddam Hussein \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Pakistan\" >Pakistani President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farooq_Ahmed_Khan_Leghari\" >Farooq Ahmed Khan Leghari<\/a> dismisses the government of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan\" >Prime Minister<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benazir_Bhutto\" >Benazir Bhutto<\/a> and dissolves the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan\" >National Assembly of Pakistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andr%C3%A9_Dallaire\" >Andr\u00e9 Dallaire<\/a> attempts to assassinate Prime Minister <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien\" >Jean Chr\u00e9tien<\/a> of Canada. He is thwarted when the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister\" >Prime Minister<\/a>\u2018s wife locks the door.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>Rabbi <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meir_Kahane\" >Meir Kahane<\/a>, founder of the far-right <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kach_movement\" >Kach movement<\/a>, is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination_of_Meir_Kahane\" >shot dead<\/a> after a speech at a New York City hotel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Rentz_%28FFG-46%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Rentz<\/em><\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Reeves_%28DLG-24%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Reeves<\/em><\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Oldendorf_%28DD-972%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Oldendorf<\/em><\/a> visit <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qingdao\" >Qingdao<\/a> (Tsing Tao) China \u2013 the first US Naval visit to China since 1949.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_W._Bush\" >George W Bush<\/a> marries <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laura_Bush\" >Laura Welch<\/a> in Midland, Texas.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>George W. Bush\u2019s Marriage:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/george-w-bush-marries-laura-welch-in-midland-texas\" >NOV 5, 1977: ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY: George W Bush marries Laura Welch in Midland, Texas \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>President George W Bush and the War Crimes:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.uswarcrimes.com\/\" >Lethal Military Operations Without UN Permission Is a War Crime, by Michael Haas \u2013 August 27, 2015 \u2013 GEORGE W BUSH, WAR CRIMINAL? \u2013 USWarCrimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.addictinginfo.org\/2012\/05\/13\/george-w-bush-dick-cheney-convicted-of-war-crimes\/\" >George W Bush, Dick Cheney Convicted Of War Crimes, by Justin Rosario \u2013 May 13, 2012 \u2013 AddictingInfo.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2014\/05\/29\/richard-clarke-george-bush-war-crimes_n_5410619.html\" >Former Counterterrorism Czar Richard Clarke: Bush, Cheney Committed War Crimes, by Shadee Ashtari \u2013 5\/29\/2014 \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bushwarcrimes.com\/\" >Bush War Crimes \u2013 BushWarCrimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thenewamerican.com\/usnews\/foreign-policy\/item\/18441-un-could-prosecute-bush-for-war-crimes-says-ex-u-s-terror-czar\" >\u201c<em>Former U.S. terror czar Richard Clarke (shown), who resigned in 2003, dropped two bombshell statements about the Bush administration he served during a recent TV interview. First, he said, former President George W. Bush and then-Vice President Dick Cheney probably perpetrated what amounts to \u2018war crimes\u2019 surrounding the unconstitutional attack on Iraq<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 UN Could Prosecute Bush for War Crimes, Says Ex-US Terror Czar, by Alex Newman \u2013 Monday, 09 June 2014 \u2013 TheNewAmerican.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.examiner.com\/article\/doj-pursues-immunity-for-bush-and-six-others-for-iraq-war-crimes\" >\u201c<em>The Department of Justice has filed a Grant of Immunity for war crimes against George W. Bush, Richard Cheney, Condoleezza Rice, Colin Powell, Paul Wolfowitz, and Donald Rumsfeld. The filing for the immunity of war crimes was made with the United States District Court, Northern District of California San Francisco Division. The filing is for procedural immunity in a case alleging that they planned and waged the Iraq War in violation of international law<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 August 22, 2013; updated June 26, 2014 \u2013 DOJ pursues immunity for Bush and six other for Iraq war crimes \u2013 Examiner.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >underground nuclear test<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sakha_Republic\" >Sakha (Yakutia),<\/a> Russia.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1976:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1976_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1976 Soviet nuclear tests \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nuclear Test in Sakha:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/66\/3\/20.extract\" >Peaceful Nuclear Explosions in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia, by Kazuya Fujita \u2013 GeoScienceWorld.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The United States Military Assistance Command in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\" >Vietnam<\/a> reports the lowest weekly American soldier death toll in five years (24).<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vietnam War in 1970:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1970_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >1970 in the Vietnam War &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hither_Green_rail_crash\" >Hither Green rail crash<\/a> in the United Kingdom kills 49 people. Survivors include <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robin_Gibb\" >Robin Gibb<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bee_Gees\" >Bee Gees<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>US Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomcentral.com\/the-cold-war.aspx\" >The Cold War \u2013 AtomCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nuclear Weapons and the United States:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/231697.htm\" >Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verifications and Entry into Force of the CTBT \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/rls\/202015.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs \u2013 January 3, 2013 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2014\/04\/28-50-nuclear-facts\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons Today \u2013 April 28, 2014 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2012\/08\/the-future-of-the-us-nuclear-triad\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Michaela Dodge \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/1997_05\/nas\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Policy \u2013 Arms Control Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252183576_The_Future_of_the_U.S._Nuclear_Weapons_Program\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Linton F. Brooks \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/233254.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 Rose Gottemoeller, Under Secretary\u00a0for Arms Control and International Security, \u00a0Dixie State University, St. George, Utah \u2013 October 21, 2014 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archure.net\/liberty\/nukenevada.html\" >NUKE TESTING in NEVADA \u2013 Archure.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cdclv.unlv.edu\/healthnv\/environment.html\" >Environment and the Quality of Life in Nevada \u2013 UNLV.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" ><em>ECONLGOY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH NARRATIVE SUMMARY, KEY WORD INDEX, AND SPECIES LISTS<\/em> \u2013 DOE\/NEV\/11718-594<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osti.gov\/scitech\/biblio\/6458066\" ><em>Nevada Applied Ecology Information Center: a review of technical information support provided to the Nevada Applied Ecology Group<\/em> \u2013 Sci-Tech Connect<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ecologycenter.org\/terrainmagazine\/summer-2002\/sovereignty-at-shoshone-mountain\/\" >\u201c<em>Between 1951 and 1992, the United States bombed its own soil with nuclear weapons \u2014 945 times. All but 17 of those explosions took place on a stretch of basin-and-range desert northwest of Las Vegas called the Nevada Test Site (NTS),\u2026<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Sovereignty at Shoshone Mountain \u2013 EcologyCenter.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/%7Eota\/disk1\/1989\/8909\/8909.PDF\" ><em>The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions<\/em> \u2013 Princeton.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong>After being destroyed in World War II, the rebuilt <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vienna_State_Opera\" >Vienna State Opera<\/a> reopens with a performance of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwig_van_Beethoven\" >Beethoven<\/a>\u2018s <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fidelio\" >Fidelio<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/physics\/laureates\/1953\/zernike-bio.html\" >Nobel prize for physics awarded\/appended on Frederik Zernicke<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1951\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1966 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>\u201d, <em>mentioned above<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\" >Korean War<\/a>: British and Australian forces from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/27th_British_Commonwealth_Brigade\" >27th British Commonwealth Brigade<\/a> successfully halted the advancing Chinese <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/117th_Division_%28People%27s_Republic_of_China%29\" >117th Division<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Pakchon\" >Battle of Pakchon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Battle of Pakchon:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.c3iopscenter.com\/currentops\/2013\/11\/05\/5-november-1950-battle-of-pakchon-korean-war\/\" >5 November 1950 \u2013 Battle of Pakchon \u2013 Korean War \u2013 C3i Ops Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/mwh52.wordpress.com\/2013\/11\/05\/november-5-this-day-during-the-korean-war\/\" >\u201c<em><strong>November 5, 1950 \u2013 The Battle of Pakchon<\/strong><\/em><em> \u00a0took place ten days after the start of the Chinese First Phase Offensive, following the entry of the People\u2019s Volunteer Army into the Korean War. The offensive reversed the United Nations (UN) advance towards the Yalu River which had occurred after their intervention in the wake of the North Korean invasion of South Korea at the start of the war. The battle was fought between British and Australian forces from the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade with American armour and artillery in support, and the Chinese 117th Division, around the village of Pakchon on the Taeryong River<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 November 5 This Day During the Cold War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dbpedia.org\/page\/Battle_of_Pakchon\" >About: Battle of Pakchon \u2013 DBPedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Korean War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/korean-war\" >KOREAN WAR \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.org\/whistlestop\/study_collections\/koreanwar\/index.php\" >Korean War and Its Origins \u2013 Documents \u2013 TrumanLibrary.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/research\/alic\/reference\/military\/korean-war.html\" >Military Resources: Korean War \u2013 NARA Resources<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1945-1952\/korean-war-2\" >Korean War, 1951-1953 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/battleswars1900s\/tp\/The-Korean-War.htm\" >The Korean War: An Overview, by Kennedy Hickman \u2013 About education \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Korean-War\" >Korean War \u2013 1950-1953 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/korean-war.html\" >Korean War \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Korean_War.aspx\" >Korean War \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/amex\/bomb\/peopleevents\/pandeAMEX58.html\" >People &amp; Events \u2013 The Korean War \u2013 AMERICAN EXPERIENCE \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushistory.org\/us\/52e.asp\" >The Korean War \u2013 US History.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history-world.org\/korean_war.htm\" >KOREAN WAR, edited by R A Guisepi \u2013 History-World.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/worldwars\/coldwar\/korea_hickey_01.shtml\" >The Korean War: An Overview \u2013 History \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/korean-war\/videos\" >KOREAN WAR VIDEOS \u2013 KOREAN WAR \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historycentral.com\/korea\/index.html\" >\u201c<em>The Korean War is the forgotten war of the 20th century. Maybe it was because it took place so soon after the end of of Wolrd War II, or maybe because it ended in a stalment and to this day that stalemate has not been resolved. For whatever reason it was a war that no great movie(other then the TV show Mash) were done about it, there was never much discussion about it. But for the 5,720,000 US troops who served, of which 36,995 died and another 103,235 were wounded it was every bit a war<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 HistoryCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/topics\/news\/history\/korean-war.htm\" >Korean War News \u2013 ABC.go.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Korean War Timelines:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sparknotes.com\/history\/american\/koreanwar\/timeline.html\" >THE KOREAN WAR (1950-1953) \u2013 Timeline \u2013 SparkNotes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.koreanwar60.com\/timeline-korean-war-events\" >Timeline of the Korean War Events \u2013 KoreanWar60.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.shmoop.com\/korean-war\/timeline.html\" >THE KOREAN WAR TIMELINE \u2013 Shmoop.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.softschools.com\/timelines\/korean_war_timeline\/36\/\" >Korean War \u2013Timeline Description \u2013 SoftSchool.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyguy.com\/korean_war_timeline.htm\" >Korean War \u2013 Timeline \u2013 The History Guy \u2013 HistoryGuy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/totallyhistory.com\/us-history\/korean-war\/\" >Korean War \u2013 Pre-Korean War Timeline and the Korean War Timeline \u2013 TotallyHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.koreanwaronline.com\/arms\/TimeLine.htm\" >KOREAN WAR TIMELINE \u2013 KoreanWarOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombia\" >Colombia<\/a> joins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Colombia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/co.html\" >COLOMBIA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Colombia\" >Colombia \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Colombia\" >Colombia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/colombia.html\" >Colombia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Columbia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Colombia\" >Foreign relations of Colombia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/colombia\/ri325\" >Colombia \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/35754.htm\" >US Relations with Colombia \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/colombia\/97.htm\" >Colombia \u2013 FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/colombia\/forrel.htm\" >Colombia \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.photius.com\/countries\/colombia\/government\/colombia_government_foreign_relations.html\" >Colombia FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 Photius.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu\/webbin\/book\/browse?type=lcsubc&amp;key=Colombia%20--%20Foreign%20relations%20--%20Panama&amp;c=x\" >Colombia \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 UPENN.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Colombia and the United Nations:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.colombiaun.org\/English\/Home.html\" >Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Permanent_Representative_of_Colombia_to_the_United_Nations\" >Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unog.ch\/unog\/website\/missions.nsf\/%28httpPermanentMissions_en%29\/A3A0F87E86765DC9C1256F4100451ED0\" >Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations and other international organizations in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Columbia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Colombia\" >History of Colombia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/colombia-history.html\" >Colombia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/colombia\/history\" >Colombia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab81\" >HISTORY OF COLOMBIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldrover.com\/history\/colombia_history.html\" >Colombia \u2013 History \u2013 WorldRover.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/latinamericanhistory.about.com\/od\/thehistoryofcolombia\/\" >The History of Colombia \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Columbia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Colombia\" >Economy of Colombia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/colombia\" >COLOMBIA \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/colombia\" >Colombia \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/colombia\" >Colombia \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/colombia-economy.html\" >Colombia \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/south-america\/economy\/columbia.html\" >Colombia \u2013 Economy \u2013 MapsOfWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123independenceday.com\/colombia\/economy.html\" >Economy of Colombia \u2013 123IndependenceDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombing_of_the_Vatican\" >Bombing of the Vatican<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The British <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armed_merchant_cruiser\" >armed merchant cruiser<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Jervis_Bay\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Jervis Bay<\/em><\/a>, is sunk by the German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pocket_battleship\" >pocket battleship<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_pocket_battleship_Admiral_Scheer\" ><em>Admiral Scheer<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1937\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler\" >Adolf Hitler<\/a> holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebensraum\" >living space<\/a>\u201d for the German people.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u201cLebensraum\u201d or\u201d Living Space\u201d, and Nazi Germany:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/library\/holocaust\/aa110899.htm\" >Lebensraum \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/worldwar2\/timeline\/hossbach.htm\" >\u201c<em>On November 5, 1937, Adolf Hitler held a secret conference in the Reich Chancellery during which he revealed his plans for the acquisition of Lebensraum, or living space, for the German people at the expense of other nations in Europe<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The Hossbach Memorandum \u2013 World War II in Europe \u2013 The History Place \u2013 HistoryPlace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/worldwar2\/triumph\/tr-hossbach.htm\" >\u201c<em>From the very beginning of his career until his dying day, Adolf Hitler had just two major goals. His primary goal was the forcible acquisition of Lebensraum (living space) for the German people. Secondly, he desired some kind of final reckoning with the Jews<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Hitler Reveals War Plans \u2013 The Triumph of Hitler \u2013 The History Place \u2013 HistoryPlace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/chron.html\" >The Holocaust \u2013 Timeline of Jewish Persecution (1932-1945) \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Adolf Hitler:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler\" >Adolf Hitler \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/worldwar2\/riseofhitler\/\" >The Rise of Adolf Hitler \u2013 The History Place \u2013 historyplace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/adolf-hitler\" >ADOLF HITLER \u2013 history.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.biography.com\/people\/adolf-hitler-9340144\" >Adolf Hitler \u2013 Biography.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/cs\/hitleradolf\/p\/hitler.htm\" >Adolf Hitler, by Jennifer Rosenberg \u2013 about.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/hitleradolf\/a\/Hitler-Facts.htm\" >Hitler Facts, by Jennifer Rosenberg \u2013 About education \u2013 about.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/hitler.html\" >Adolf Hitler \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hitler.org\/\" >Hitler Historical Museum \u2013 hitler.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adolfhitler.dk\/\" >ADOLF HITLER \u2013 adolfhitler.dk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/GERhitler.htm\" >Adolf Hitler \u2013 Spartacus-educational.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0386944\/bio\" >Adolf Hitler Biography \u2013 imdb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Adolf_Hitler.aspx\" >Adolf Hitler \u2013 encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Adolf_Hitler\" >Adolf Hitler \u2013 newencyclopedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.who2.com\/bio\/adolf-hitler\/\" >Adolf Hitler Biography \u2013 who2.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/search\/?q=adolf+hitler\" >Articles on Adolf Hitler \u2013 TMS Search<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Adolf_Hitler\" >Death of Adolf Hitler \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/s\/ref=nb_sb_ss_i_1_7?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&amp;field-keywords=adolf+hitler&amp;sprefix=adolf+h%2Cstripbooks%2C285&amp;rh=n%3A283155%2Ck%3Aadolf+hitler\" >Books related to Adolf Hitler \u2013 Amazon.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Nazi Germany:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123helpme.com\/view.asp?id=22684\" >History of Nazi Germany \u2013 World War II History \u2013 123HelpMe.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/alphahistory.com\/nazigermany\/the-origins-of-nazism\/\" >THE ORIGINS OF NAZISM \u2013 alphahistory.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/GERnazigermany.htm\" >Nazi Germany \u2013 Spartacus-educational.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/naziregime.html\" >Nazi Regime in Germany \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.co.uk\/study-topics\/history-of-ww2\/nazi-germany\" >Nazi Germany \u2013 history.co.uk<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hiddenhistoryhumanity.com\/German\/7%20NaziGermanyEsotericHistory.html\" >Nazi Germany \u2013 An Austro-Historical Analysis \u2013 hiddenhistoryhumanity.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/revisiting-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-third-reich-20231221\/?no-ist\" >The Revisiting The Rise and the Fall of the Third Reich \u2013 smithsonianmag.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/ss\" >THE SS \u2013 history.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/aaregistry.org\/historic_events\/view\/black-history-nazi-germany-brief-story\" >BLACK HISTORY IN NAZI GERMANY, A BRIEF HISTORY \u2013 aaregistry.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyonthenet.com\/Chronology\/timelinenazigermany.htm\" >Nazi Germany Timeline \u2013 historyonthenet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/nazi-party\" >NAZI PARTY \u2013 history.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany#History\" >History \u2013 <strong>Nazi Germany<\/strong> \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980\/nazi-germany\/\" >Nazi Germany \u2013 historylearningsite.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yadvashem.org\/yv\/en\/holocaust\/about\/01\/persecution.asp#%21prettyPhoto\" >Nazi Germany and the Jews 1933-1939 \u2013 Rise of the Nazis and Beginning of Persecution \u2013 Yadvashem.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Germany:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Germany\" >History of Germany \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/motherearthtravel.com\/history\/germany\/\" >History of Germany \u2013 MotherEarthTravel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Germany\" >History of Germany \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/germany-history.html\" >Germany \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac62\" >HISTORY OF GERAMNY \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Germany-history.htm\" >Outline of Germany\u2019s History \u2013 NationslOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.germanculture.com.ua\/library\/history\/bl_german_history.htm\" >German HISTORY \u2013 All Facts and Events \u2013 GermanCulture.com.ua<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.justgermany.org\/germany-history.asp\" >GERMANY HISTORY \u2013 GERAMNY TRAVEL \u2013 JustGermany.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.musicillustratedmagazine.com\/q\/Foreign_relations_of_East_Germany\" >Foreign relations of East Germany \u2013 MusicIllustratedMagazine.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><u><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10005203\" >German Foreign Policy 1933-1945 \u2013 Holocaust Encyclopedia<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theholocaustexplained.org\/ks3\/the-nazi-rise-to-power\/economic-issues\/1919-1933-an-economic-overview\/#.VgAVu5eufX4\" >1919-1933: an economic review \u2013 THE HOLOCAUSE EXPLAINED \u2013 TheHolocaustExplained.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><u><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.german-way.com\/history-and-culture\/germany\/history-of-germany\/\" >History of Germany \u2013 Germany is Younger Than You Think \u2013 The German Way &amp; More \u2013 German-Way.com<\/a><\/u><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/faculty\/watkins\/germany.htm\" >THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF GERMANY \u2013 SJSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/Ge-It\/Germany.html\" >Germany \u2013 Culture \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/webimage\/countrys\/europe\/germany\/detimeln.htm\" >Germany Timeline \u2013 WorldAtlas.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_German_history\" >Timeline of German History \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-17301646\" >Germany profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1925\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secret_agent\" >Secret agent<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sidney_Reilly\" >Sidney Reilly<\/a>, the first \u201csuper-spy\u201d of the 20th century, is executed by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_Political_Directorate\" >OGPU<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secret_police\" >secret police<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Sidney Reilly:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Sidney-George-Reilly\" >Sidney Reilly \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/SSreilly.htm\" >Sidney Reilly \u2013 Spartacus-Educational.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spymuseum.com\/sidney-reilly\/\" >Sidney Reilly \u2013 SpyMuseum.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1917\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tikhon_of_Moscow\" >St Tikhon of Moscow<\/a> is elected the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patriarch_of_Moscow\" >Patriarch of Moscow<\/a> and of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Orthodox_Church\" >Russian Orthodox Church<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1917\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/October_Revolution\" >October Revolution<\/a>: In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tallinn\" >Tallinn<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist\" >Communist<\/a> leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jaan_Anvelt\" >Jaan Anvelt<\/a> leads revolutionaries in overthrowing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Provisional_Government,_1917\" >Provisional Government<\/a> (As Estonia and Russia are still using the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julian_calendar\" >Julian calendar<\/a>, subsequent period references show an October 23 date).<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>October Revolution of 1917:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.estonica.org\/en\/1917_Russian_Revolutions_and_Estonia\/\" >1917 Russian Revolution and Estonia \u2013 Estonica.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Jaan-Anvelt\" >Jaan Anvelt \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Estonia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Estonia\" >History of Estonia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/estonia\/history\" >Estonia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/estonia.html\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF ESTONIA \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.visitestonia.com\/en\/about-estonia\/estonian-culture\/estonian-history-a-timeline-of-key-events\" >Estonian History \u2013 VisitEnstonia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/estonia-history.html\" >Estonia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/estonia.eu\/about-estonia\/history\/estonias-history.html\" >Estonia\u2019s History \u2013 Chronology \u2013 Estonia.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.howstuffworks.com\/european-history\/history-of-estonia.htm\" >History of Estonia \u2013 HowStuffWorks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.estonica.org\/en\/History\/\" >Estonia \u2013 History \u2013 Contents \u2013 Enstonca.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dictionary.sensagent.com\/list%20of%20rulers%20of%20estonia\/en-en\/\" >List of rulers of Estonia \u2013 Sensagent.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Everett_massacre\" >Everett massacre<\/a> takes place in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Everett,_Washington\" >Everett, Washington<\/a> as political differences lead to a shoot-out between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World\" >Industrial Workers of the World<\/a> organizers and local police.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Poland_%281916%E2%80%9318%29\" >Kingdom of Poland<\/a> is proclaimed by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Act_of_5th_November\" >Act of 5th November<\/a> of the emperors of Germany and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Third_Republic\" >France<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Empire\" >British Empire<\/a> declare war on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Ottoman Empire and World War I:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Defeat_and_dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire\" >Defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I\" >Middle Eastern theater of World War I \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyguy.com\/fall_of_the_ottoman_empire.htm#.ViprgyuufX4\" >The Fall of the Ottoman Empire \u2013 HistoryGuy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nzhistory.net.nz\/war\/ottoman-empire\/collapse\" >The Ottoman Empire \u2013 page 9 \u2013 Collapse of the Ottoman Empire1918-1920 \u2013 NZHistory.net.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of the Ottoman Empire:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire\" >History of the Ottoman Empire \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/ottoman-empire-history.html\" >Ottoman Empire \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a> <em><strong>or<\/strong><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/ottoman-empire.html\" >Ottoman Empire \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.umich.edu\/%7Eturkish\/links\/ottemp_brhist.html\" >A Brief History of Ottoman Empire \u2013 UMICH.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theottomans.org\/english\/history\/index.asp\" >History \u2013 The Ottomans \u2013 TheOttomans.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/religion\/religions\/islam\/history\/ottomanempire_1.shtml\" >Ottoman Empire (1301-1922) \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.turizm.net\/turkey\/history\/ottoman3.html\" >THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE \u2013 1600 \u2013 1023 \u2013 Turizm.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/geography.about.com\/od\/historyofgeography\/a\/The-Ottoman-Empire.htm\" >The Ottoman Empire \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong>King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_of_Bavaria\" >Otto of Bavaria<\/a> is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwig_III_of_Bavaria\" >Ludwig III<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1912\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Woodrow_Wilson\" >Woodrow Wilson<\/a> is elected to the presidency of the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong>After declaring war on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_29\" >September 29<\/a>, 1911, Italy annexes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tripoli\" >Tripoli<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyrenaica\" >Cyrenaica<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1872\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States\" >Women\u2019s suffrage in the United States<\/a>: In defiance of the law, suffragist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Susan_B._Anthony\" >Susan B Anthony<\/a> votes for the first time, and is later fined $100.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Susan B Anthony:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/womens-history\/susan-b-anthony\" >Susan B Anthony \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/womenshistory.about.com\/od\/anthonysusanb\/a\/anthony.htm\" >Susan B Anthony \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/speeches\/anthony.htm\" >Susan B Anthony On Women\u2019s Right to Vote \u2013 HistoryPlace.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationalcenter.org\/AnthonySuffrage.html\" >Woman\u2019s Rights to the Suffrage, by Susan B Anthony (1820-1909) \u2013 NationalCenter.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/susanbanthonywomenssuffrage.weebly.com\/\" >SUSAN B ANTHOY: THE WOMEN\u2019S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT \u2013 Weebly.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nps.gov\/wori\/learn\/historyculture\/susan-b-anthony.htm\" >\u201c<em>Susan B. Anthony(1820-1906) is perhaps the most widely known suffragist of her generation and has become an icon of the woman\u2019s suffrage movement. Anthony traveled the country to give speeches, circulate petitions, and organize local women\u2019s rights organizations<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Women\u2019s Rights \u2013 NPS.gov<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/womenshistory.about.com\/cs\/quotes\/a\/qu_s_b_anthony.htm\" >Susan B Anthony Quotes \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Women\u2019s Suffrage:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/womens-history\/the-fight-for-womens-suffrage\" >THE FIGHT FOR WOMEN\u2019S SUFFRAGE \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historynet.com\/womens-suffrage-movement\" >WOMEN\u2019S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT \u2013 HistoryNet.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/teacher.scholastic.com\/activities\/suffrage\/history.htm\" >HISTORY OF WOMEN\u2019S SUFFRAGE \u2013 Women\u2019s Suffrage \u2013 Scholatic.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ipu.org\/wmn-e\/suffrage.htm\" >WOMEN\u2019S SUFFRAGE \u2013 IPU.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/actnow.uusc.org\/site\/PageNavigator\/womens_rights.html?gclid=CLHxlOzQusgCFSQHwwodvp8GQQ\" >Women\u2019s Rights Are Human Rights \u2013 UUSC.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_women\" >Timeline of women\u2019s suffrage \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Women\u2019s Suffrage in the United States:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women\" >Women\u2019s suffrage in the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/spot\/womenstimeline1.html\" >Women\u2019s Rights Movements in the US \u2013 1848 \u2013 1920 \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.house.gov\/Exhibitions-and-Publications\/WIC\/Historical-Essays\/No-Lady\/Womens-Rights\/\" >The Women\u2019s Rights Movements 1840-1920 \u2013 HISTORY, ART &amp; ARCHIVES \u2013 United States House of Representatives \u2013 House.gov<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tag.rutgers.edu\/teaching-toolbox\/classroom-resources\/lesson-module-womens-suffrage-in-the-united-states\/\" >LESSON MODULE: WOMEN\u2019S SUFFRAGE IN THE UNITED STATES \u2013 Rutgers.edu<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>The Nineteenth Amendment and Women\u2019s Suffrage:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution\" >\u201c<em>The Nineteenth Amendment (Amendment XIX) to the United States Constitution prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. It was ratified on August 18, 1920. The Constitution allows the states to determine the qualifications of voters, subject to limitations imposed by later amendments. Until the 1910s, most states disenfranchised women<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Nineteenth Amendment \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ourdocuments.gov\/doc.php?flash=true&amp;doc=63\" >19<sup>th<\/sup> Amendment to the US Constitution: Women\u2019s Rights to Vote (1920) \u2013 OurDocuments.gov<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/womens-history\/19th-amendment\" >19<sup>TH<\/sup> AMENDMENT \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/education\/lessons\/woman-suffrage\/\" >Teaching with Documents: Women\u2019s Suffrage and the 19<sup>th<\/sup> Amendment \u2013 NATIONAL ARCHIVES \u2013 Archives.gov<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Women\u2019s Suffrage (Movement) in the United States:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.suffragist.com\/timeline.htm\" >A History of American Suffragist Movement \u2013 Saffragist.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.cuny.edu\/portal_ur\/content\/voting_curriculum\/women_suffrage.html\" >Women\u2019s Suffrage and World War I \u2013 CUNY.edu<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.teachervision.com\/womens-rights\/us-history\/50972.html\" >Leaders in the US Suffrage Movement, by Susan B. Anthony \u2013 TeacherVision.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/constitutioncenter.org\/timeline\/html\/cw08_12159.html\" >January 1, 1919: Map: States grant women the right to vote \u2013 National Constitution Center<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.susanbanthony.net\/p\/woman-suffrage-1848-1920-teaching-with.html\" >US Women Suffrage \u2013 Teaching with Documents: Women Suffrage and the 19<sup>th<\/sup> Amendment \u2013 SusanAnthony.net<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_women\" >Timeline of women\u2019s suffrage in the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nwhm.org\/education-resources\/history\/woman-suffrage-timeline\" >Women\u2019s Suffrage Timeline (1840-1920) \u2013 NATIONAL WOMEN\u2019S MUSEUM<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1862\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Indian_Wars\" >American Native People Wars<\/a>: In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minnesota\" >Minnesota<\/a>, 303 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dakota_people\" >Dakota<\/a> warriors are found guilty of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rape\" >rape<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder\" >murder<\/a> of whites and are sentenced to hang. 38 are ultimately executed and the others reprieved.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1854\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crimean_War\" >Crimean War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Inkerman\" >Battle of Inkerman<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Battle of Inkerman:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Battle-of-Inkerman\" >Battle of Inkerman \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/battles_inkerman.html\" >Battle of Inkerman, 5 November 1854 \u2013 The Soldier\u2019s Battle \u2013 HistoryOfWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britishbattles.com\/crimean-war\/inkerman.htm\" >The Battle of Inkerman \u2013 BritishBattles.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/battleswars1800s\/p\/inkerman.htm\" >Crimean War: Battle of Inkerman \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/xenophon-mil.org\/crimea\/war\/inkerman\/inkerman.htm\" >INKERMAN BATTLE (24 October [5 Nov. NS], 1854 \u2013 XENOPHONE Group \u2013 Xenonphon-mil.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Crimean War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/british-history\/crimean-war\" >CRIMEAN WAR \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Crimean-War\" >Crimean War 1953-1856 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/wars_crimean.html\" >Crimean War 1853-1856 \u2013 HistoryOfWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/victorians\/crimea_01.shtml\" >The Crimean War \u2013 History \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa47\" >THE HISTORY OF THE CRIMEAN WAR \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.preceden.com\/timelines\/33371-cause-of-the-crimean-war\" >The Cause of the Crimean War \u2013 Preceden.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hereandnow.wbur.org\/2014\/03\/13\/history-crimean-war\" >How The Crimean War Still Echoes Today \u2013 March 13, 2014 \u2013 Here&amp;Now \u2013 WBUR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Timeline of Crimean War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.russianwarrior.com\/STMMain.htm?1854_crimeanhist.htm&amp;1\" >Timeline of Crimean War (1853-1856) \u2013 RussianWarrior.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/timesearch\/default.asp?conid=static_timeline&amp;timelineid=315&amp;page=1&amp;keywords=Crimean+War+timeline\" >Crimean War Timeline \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Crimea:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Crimea\" >Crimea \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Crimea\" >History of Crimea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/ukraine\/crimea\/history\" >Crimea \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/crimea-history.html\" >Crimea \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.voanews.com\/content\/the-history-of-crimea---in-brief-\/1860431.html\" >A Brief History of Crimea \u2013 Voice of America \u2013 VOANews.com<\/a>, <em><strong>and\/or <\/strong><\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.voanews.com\/content\/crimeas-complicated-history-in-brief\/1865120.html\" >Crimea\u2019s Complicated History in Brief \u2013 Voice of America \u2013 VOANews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blacksea-crimea.com\/history1.html\" >Black Sea \u2013 Crimea \u2013 History \u2013 BlackSea-Crimea.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2014\/03\/140305-maps-crimea-history-russia-ukraine\/\" >300 Years of Embattled Crimea in 6 Maps \u2013 National Geographic \u2013 NationalGeographic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1831 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nat_Turner\" >Nat Turner<\/a>, American slave leader, is tried, convicted, and sentenced to death in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virginia\" >Virginia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1811\u00a0 <\/strong>Salvadoran priest <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Mat%C3%ADas_Delgado\" >Jos\u00e9 Mat\u00edas Delgado<\/a>, rings the bells of La Merced church in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1768\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Fort_Stanwix\" >Treaty of Fort Stanwix<\/a>, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763\" >Royal Proclamation of 1763<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thirteen_Colonies\" >Thirteen Colonies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1757\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seven_Years%27_War\" >Seven Years\u2019 War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frederick_the_Great\" >Frederick the Great<\/a> defeats the allied armies of France and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_Roman_Empire\" >Holy Roman Empire<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Rossbach\" >Battle of Rossbach<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>NOVEMBER 06<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Today is the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/events\/environmentconflictday\/\" >INTERNATIONAL DAY FOR PREVENTING THE EXPLOITATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN WAR AND ARMED CONFLICT<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ga\/search\/view_doc.asp?symbol=A\/RES\/56\/4\" >A\/RES\/56\/4<\/a>):<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tammy_Baldwin\" >Tammy Baldwin<\/a> becomes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Openly_gay\" >openly gay<\/a> politician to be elected to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Senate\" >United States Senate<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>Australians vote to keep the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Head_of_the_Commonwealth\" >Head of the Commonwealth<\/a> as their <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Head_of_state\" >head of state<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_republic_referendum,_1999\" >Australian republic referendum<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cleveland_Browns_relocation_controversy\" >Cleveland Browns relocation controversy<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Art_Modell\" >Art Modell<\/a> announces that he signed a deal that would relocate the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cleveland_Browns\" >Cleveland Browns<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baltimore\" >Baltimore<\/a> to become the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baltimore_Ravens\" >Baltimore Ravens<\/a>, the first time the city had a football team since <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1983\" >1983<\/a> when they were the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Baltimore_Colts\" >Baltimore Colts<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rova_of_Antananarivo\" >Rova of Antananarivo<\/a>, home of the sovereigns of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madagascar\" >Madagascar<\/a> from the 16th to 19th centuries, is destroyed by fire.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>The last <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuwaiti_oil_fires\" >Kuwaiti oil field fire<\/a> is extinguished.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sumburgh_disaster\" >Sumburgh disaster<\/a>: A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_International_Helicopters\" >British International Helicopters<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing_234LR_Chinook\" >Boeing 234LR Chinook<\/a> crashes 2<sup>1<\/sup>\u2044<sub>2<\/sub> miles east of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sumburgh_Airport\" >Sumburgh Airport<\/a> killing 45 people. It is the deadliest civilian helicopter crash on record.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombia\" >Colombia<\/a>, leftist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guerrilla\" >guerrillas<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/19th_of_April_Movement\" >19th of April Movement<\/a> seize control of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palace_of_Justice_siege\" >Palace of Justice<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bogot%C3%A1\" >Bogot\u00e1<\/a>, eventually killing 115 people, 11 of them Supreme Court justices.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kelly_Barnes_Dam\" >Kelly Barnes Dam<\/a>, located above <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toccoa_Falls_Bible_College\" >Toccoa Falls Bible College<\/a> near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toccoa,_Georgia\" >Toccoa, Georgia<\/a>, fails, killing 39.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_March\" >Green March<\/a> begins: Three hundred thousand unarmed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morocco\" >Moroccans<\/a> converge on the southern city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tarfaya\" >Tarfaya<\/a> and wait for a signal from King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hassan_II_of_Morocco\" >Hassan II of Morocco<\/a> to cross into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Sahara\" >Western Sahara<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission\" >United States Atomic Energy Commission<\/a> tests the largest US underground <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydrogen_bomb\" >hydrogen bomb<\/a>, code-named Cannikin, on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amchitka_Island\" >Amchitka Island<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aleutian_Islands\" >Aleutians<\/a>.<strong> (= <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >United States performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >underground nuclear test<\/a> at Amchitka Island.)<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>United States Atomic Energy Commission:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/energy.gov\/sites\/prod\/files\/AEC%20History.pdf\" >History of the Atomic Energy Commission, by Alice Buck \u2013 July 1983 \u2013 pdf<\/a>, <em><strong>or<\/strong><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomictraveler.com\/HistoryofAEC.pdf\" >the same document on this site \u2013 pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/key-issues\/nuclear-energy\/history\/aec_report-nuclear-power.htm\" >United States Atomic Commission Report on the Need for Atomic Power \u2013 NuclearFiles.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Underground Nuclear Weapons Testing:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >Underground nuclear weapons testing \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.earthmagazine.org\/article\/satellites-can-detect-underground-nuclear-explosions\" >Satellite can detect underground nuclear explosions \u2013 EarthMagazine.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests\" >List of nuclear weapons tests \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nuclear weapons testing at Amchitka Island:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/military.wikia.com\/wiki\/Amchitka\" >Amchitka \u2013 Military \u2013 Wikia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ims.uaf.edu\/research\/johnson\/amchitka\/history.html\" >\u201c<em>Amchitka Island is one of many islands of the Aleutian Island chain in western Alaska\u2026. American troops landed on Amchitka to establish The Naval Air Facility on 24 February 1943\u2026. Between 1950 and 1961 Amchitka Island was used in the Distant Early Warning network. Between 1965 and 1971 Amchitka was the site for underground nuclear testing<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 UAF.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/arcticcircle.uconn.edu\/SEEJ\/amchitka\/\" >Cannikin Atomic Test at Amchitka Island, Alaska \u2013 The Untold Story<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ims.uaf.edu\/research\/johnson\/amchitka\/history.html\" >Amchitka Island and Nuclear Weapons Testing \u2013 UAF.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dec.alaska.gov\/air\/am\/rad\/amchitka.htm\" >Former Amchitka Underground Test Site \u2013 Environmental Radiation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everything2.com\/title\/Amchitka+Nuclear+Tests\" >Amchitka Nuclear Tests \u2013 Everything2.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/en\/about\/history\/amchitka-hunter\/\" >Amchitka: the founding voyage \u2013 GreemPeace.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/americablog.com\/2013\/01\/video-of-underground-nuclear-test-that-led-to-the-creation-of-greenpeace.html\" >Video of underground nuclear test that led to the creation of Greenpeace \u2013 AmericaBlog.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osti.gov\/scitech\/biblio\/758915\" >Amchitka Island, Alaska, special sampling project 1997 \u2013 SciTech Connect \u2013 Osti.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/249097799_Amchitka_and_the_Bomb_Nuclear_Testing_in_Alaska\" >Amchitka and the Bomb: Nuclear Testing in Alaska, by Douglas Dasher \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ualberta.ca\/%7Eunsworth\/UA-classes\/210\/notes210\/C\/210C2.5-2008.pdf\" >Geophysics 210 October 2008 \u2013 Nuclear explosions of C2.5 Seismic detection \u2013 Ualberta.ca \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" >Cuba<\/a> and the United States formally agree to begin an airlift for Cubans who want to go to the United States. By <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1971\" >1971<\/a>, 250,000 Cubans had made use of this program.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: Following the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1963_South_Vietnamese_coup\" >November 1 coup<\/a> and execution of President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ngo_Dinh_Diem\" >Ngo Dinh Diem<\/a>, coup leader General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_V%C4%83n_Minh\" >D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Minh<\/a> takes over leadership of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>November 1 (and 2), 1963 Coup:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.freerepublic.com\/focus\/f-news\/3086310\/posts\" >TODAY IN HISTORY: JFK AND THE COUP IN VIETNAM NOVEMBER 1 AND 2, 1963 \u2013 FreeRepublic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/ngo-dinh-diem-assassinated-in-south-vietnam\" >NOV 2, 1963: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Ngo Dinh Diem assassinated in South Vietnam \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historynet.com\/the-assassination-of-ngo-dinh-diem.htm\" >The Assassination of Ngo Dinh \u2013 HistoryNet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB101\/index.htm\" >JFK and the Diem Coup \u2013 The National Security Archive \u2013 GWU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jfklibrary.org\/JFK\/JFK-in-History\/Vietnam.aspx\" >\u201c<em>Corruption, religious differences, and mounting successes by the Vietcong guerrillas weakened the South Vietnamese government of Ngo Dinh Diem. Diem was Catholic, and public protests over the repression of Buddhists threatened the stability of his regime. Kennedy accelerated the flow of American aid and gradually increased U.S. military advisers to more than 16,000. At the same time, he pressed the Diem government to clean house and institute long-overdue political and economic reforms. The situation did not improve<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Vietnam \u2013 JFKLibrary.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid\" >Apartheid<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_General_Assembly\" >United Nations General Assembly<\/a> passes a resolution condemning South Africa\u2019s apartheid policies and calls for all UN member states to cease military and economic relations with the nation.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_1761\" >UNGA Resolution 1761 of 6 November 1962:<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/u-n-condemns-apartheid\" >NOV 6, 1962: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: UN condemns apartheid \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/daccess-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/RESOLUTION\/GEN\/NR0\/192\/69\/IMG\/NR019269.pdf?OpenElement\" >Text of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1751 (XVII) of 6 November 1962<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1955_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >(atmospheric)<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1955:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1955_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1955 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of the nuclear test of the Soviet Union \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovatmtest.html\" >Soviet Atmospheric Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/ussrnuks.shtml\" >USSR Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Database \u2013 Zvis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bigpicture\/2009\/11\/kazakhstans_radioactive_legacy.html\" >Kazakhstan\u2019s radioactive legacy \u2013 Boston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wn.com\/semipalatinsk_test_site\" >\u201cMy home: nuclear base Semipalatinsk \u2013 21\u201d, Episode 02 \u201cMain Testing Field\u201d (Video: 3 min. 14 sec.) \u2013 WN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death In Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/carlwillis.wordpress.com\/2012\/08\/13\/visit-to-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\/\" >Visit to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 SPEICAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>&#8211;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/appraisals\/semipalatinsk.asp\" >The Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan \u2013 IAEA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/732\/\" >Semipalatinsk Test Site \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/5988266\/the-tragic-story-of-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\" >The Tragic Story of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, by Vincze Mikl\u00f3s \u2013 io9.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/Sixty_Years_After_First_Soviet_Nuclear_Test_Legacy_Of_Misery_Lives_On\/1809712.html\" >60 Years After First Soviet Nuclear Test, Legacy Of Misery Lives On In Kazakhstan \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 Monday, August 10, 2015 \u2013 RFERL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8236431.stm\" >Soviet nuclear tests leave Kazakh fallout \u2013 Sunday, 6 September 2009 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/story\/2010\/02\/24\/ST2010022403314.html?sid=ST2010022403314\" >In Kazakhstan, the race for uranium goes nuclear, by Philip P. Pan \u2013 Thursday, February 25, 2005 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?17456\" >Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 NuclearNo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/listverse.com\/2012\/05\/15\/top-10-nuclear-test-sites\/\" >Top 10 Nuclear Test Sites, Michael Affleck, May 15, 2012 \u2013 Our World \u2013 ListVerse.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan\/Semipalatinsk:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reference.allrefer.com\/country-guide-study\/kazakhstan\/kazakhstan17.html\" >Kazakstan\/Kazakhstan \u2013 Environmental Problems \u2013 Reference.AllRefer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdfs\/HBWW_EN\/Semipalatinsk_EN_web.pdf\" >\u201cIn Semipalatinsk, the local population was exposed to high levels of radioactivity from nuclear weapon tests for several decades\u2026\u201d \u2013 Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Nuclear test site \u2013 Nuclear-Risk.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalatinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/key-issues\/nuclear-weapons\/issues\/testing\/PDFs\/JC-143920%5B1%5D.pdf\" >Radionuclide Contamination at Kazakhstan\u2019s Semipalatinsk Test Site Implications on Human and Ecological Heath, by T.M. Carlsen, L.E. Peterson, B.A. Ulsh, C.A. Werner, K.L.Purvis, A.C. Sharber<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nukefreetexas.org\/downloads\/plutominum_uranium_semipalatinsk_test_site.pdf\" >Plutonium and Uranium in Human Bones from Areas surrounding the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 NukeFreeTexas.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Asia-South-Central\/2013\/0828\/Secrets-of-Semipalatinsk-How-nuclear-theft-was-averted-in-Central-Asia\" >\u201cTheir research done on sample villages near the test site found cancer mortality rates 2-1\/2 times greater than those in a control village. The agency says some 356,000 people face radiation risk, with 70 percent of those being descendants of exposed villagers\u2026\u201d \u2013 Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cajgh.pitt.edu\/ojs\/index.php\/cajgh\/article\/view\/127\/0\" >Studies of Health Effects from Nuclear Testing near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Kazakhstan, by Bernd Grosche, Tamara Zhunussova, Kazbek Apsalikov, Ausrele Kesminiene<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/wasj\/wasj23%285%2913\/19.pdf\" >Information Report on Biological Studies Conducted At the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 IDOSI.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/articles\/PMC3866702\" >Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in the Semipalatinsk Historical Cohort, 1960 \u2013 1999, and its Relationship to Radiation Exposure \u2013 Europe PubMed Central<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>Deputy commander-in-chief of the Eastern China Field Army General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Su_Yu\" >Su Yu<\/a> launches a massive offensive toward <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xuzhou\" >Xuzhou<\/a>, defended by seven different armies under the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suppression_General_Headquarter_of_Xuzhou_Garrison\" >Suppression General Headquarter of Xuzhou Garrison<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huaihai_Campaign\" >Huaihai Campaign<\/a>. The largest operational campaign of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Civil_War\" >Chinese Civil War<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plutonium\" >Plutonium<\/a> is first produced at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanford_Site\" >Hanford Atomic Facility<\/a> and subsequently used in the <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fat_Man\" >Fat Man<\/a><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atomic_bomb\" >atomic bomb<\/a> dropped on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nagasaki\" >Nagasaki<\/a>, Japan.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>First Production of Plutonium:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cr4.globalspec.com\/blogentry\/10666\/November-6-1944-Plutonium-Production-Begins\" >November 6, 1944 \u2013 Plutonium Production Begins \u2013 GlobalSpec.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2009\/11\/1106nuclear-weapons\/\" >6, 1944 &amp; 1971: A DOUBLE NUKE ANNIVESARY \u2013 Wired.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The Soviet <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Army\" >Red Army<\/a> recaptures <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiev\" >Kiev<\/a>. Before withdrawing, the Germans destroy most of the city\u2019s ancient buildings.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Battle of Kiev of 1943:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Kiev_%281943%29\" >Battle of Kiev (1943) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/johnstownhistory.blogspot.com\/2014\/11\/november-5-1943-red-army-strikes-at-kiev.html\" >NOVEMBER 5, 1943: RED ARMY STRIKES KIEV \u2013 JOHNSTOWN \u2013 History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4bILVAc1wPo\" >YouTube video (5 min. 24 sec.): Red Army fighting for Kiev<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carlson%27s_patrol\" >Carlson\u2019s patrol<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guadalcanal_Campaign\" >Guadalcanal Campaign<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naval_Battle_of_Guadalcanal\" >Naval Battle of Guadalcanal \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.combinedfleet.com\/battles\/Guadalcanal_Campaign\" >Guadalcanal Naval Battles \u2013 CombinedFleet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/microworks.net\/PACIFIC\/battles\/naval_battle_guadalcanal_1.htm\" >Close Encounters: The First Naval Battle of Guadalcanal \u2013 12<sup>th<\/sup>\/13<sup>th<\/sup> November, 1942 \u2013 MicroWorks.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.friesian.com\/history\/guadal.htm\" >A Guadalcanal Chronology &amp; Order of Battle \u2013 7 August 1942 \u2013 6 March 1943 \u2013 Friesian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: Soviet leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Stalin\" >Joseph Stalin<\/a> addresses the Soviet Union for only the second time during his 27-year rule. He falsely states that even though 350,000 troops were killed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >German<\/a> attacks so far, the Germans had lost 4.5 million soldiers and that Soviet victory was near.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Joseph Stalin:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/joseph-stalin\" >JOSEPH STALIN \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/redfiles\/bios\/all_bio_joseph_stalin.htm\" >Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Joseph-Stalin\" >Joseph Stalin \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/people\/ss\/Stalin.htm\" >Joseph Stalin \u2013 About education \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/timelines\/z8nbcdm\" >Joseph Stalin: National hero or cold-blooded murderer? \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/RUSstalin.htm\" >Joseph Stalin \u2013 Spartacus-Educational.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/biography\/stalin.html\" >Joseph Stalin \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historydoctor.net\/Advanced%20Placement%20European%20History\/Notes\/soviet_union_under_stalin.htm\" >The Soviet Union under Stalin \u2013 HistoryDoctor.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/the-soviet-union-under-stalin.html\" >The Soviet Union under Stalin: Five-Year Plan, Purges &amp; Policies \u2013 Study.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sonderaktion_Krakau\" >Sonderaktion Krakau<\/a> takes place.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edwin_Armstrong\" >Edwin Armstrong<\/a> presents his paper \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FM_broadcasting\" >A Method of Reducing Disturbances in Radio Signaling by a System of Frequency Modulation<\/a>\u201d to the New York section of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Institute_of_Radio_Engineers\" >Institute of Radio Engineers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1928\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arnold_Rothstein\" >Arnold Rothstein<\/a>, the head of the Jewish mob in New York, was shot and mortally wounded on November 4, and died on November 6. He was assassinated by George \u201cHump\u201d McManus, for failing to pay a large gambling debt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Polish_Republic\" >Second Polish Republic<\/a> is proclaimed.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Second Poland Republic:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.traveltopoland.com\/en\/history\/second-polish-republic.html?start=1\" >Second Polish Republic (1918-1939) \u2013 From democracy to authoritarian government \u2013 TravelToPoland.com<\/a>, <em><strong>and<\/strong><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.traveltopoland.com\/history\/second-polish-republic.html?aohc=&amp;pm=%3DY7p6W6y%2Fbe9kvv5x7ut&amp;h=3a50911aa9f1a3494d90651e2748edbccf2bbc90&amp;k=563348d39c1582218340.3251003&amp;ban=2218340&amp;zp=http%3A%2F%2Fzt1.zeroredirect1.com%2Fzcvisitor%2F77765fa2-7ef2-11e5-b59d-12fd62ce8bad&amp;time=1446201555\" >Second Polish Republic (1918-1939) \u2013 TravelToPoland.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/subtitle.clubfilm.ir\/index.php?q=uggcf%3A%2F%2Fra.jvxvcrqvn.bet%2Fjvxv%2FCevzr_Zvavfgre_bs_Cbynaq#Second_Republic\" >Second Republic \u2013 History of Poland (1918-1939) \u2013 ClubFilm.ir<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Poland:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Poland\" >History of Poland \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab01\" >HISTORY OF POLAND \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/poland\/history\" >Poland \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Poland\" >History of Poland \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/poland\/\" >Poland \u2013 HISTORY \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/poland.html\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF POLAND \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/vjw\/Poland.html\" >Poland \u2013 The Virtual Jewish World \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rootsweb.ancestry.com\/%7Epolwgw\/history.html\" >Timeline of Polish History \u2013 Roots Web \u2013 Ancestry.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/info-poland.buffalo.edu\/classroom\/maps\/task4.html\" >Historical Maps of Poland \u2013 Buffalo.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-17754512\" >Poland country profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1917\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_Battle_of_Ypres\" >Third Battle of Ypres<\/a> ends: After three months of fierce fighting, Canadian forces take <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Passendale\" >Passchendaele<\/a> in Belgium.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Third Battle of Ypres:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historywarsweapons.com\/third-battle-of-ypres\/\" >Third Battle of Ypres \u2013 HistoryWarsWeapons.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/WWIWesternFront\/p\/World-War-I-Battle-Of-Passchendaele-Third-Ypres.htm\" >World War I: Battle of Passchendaele (Third Ypres) \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/greatwar\/maps\/maps_ypres.html\" >The Battle of Ypres \u2013 THE GREAT WAR \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/worldwars\/wwone\/battle_passchendaele.shtml\" >Battle of Passchendaele: 31 July \u2013 6 November 1917 \u2013 History \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1917\/7\/11\/third-battle-of-ypres-battle-of-passchendaele\" >Jul 11 1917 \u2013 Nov 10 1917: Third Battle of Ypres (Battle of Passchendaele) \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/battles_ypres3.html\" >Third Battle of Ypres, 21 July- 6 November 1917 \u2013 HistoryOfWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahatma_Gandhi\" >Mohandas Gandhi<\/a> is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Gandhi:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/search\/?q=%E2%80%9CYour+time+is+limited%2C+so+don%27t+waste+it+living+someone+else%27s+life.++Don%27t+be+trapped+by+dogma+-+which+is+living+with+the+results+of+other+people%27s+thinking.++Don%27t+let+the+noise+of+others%27+opinions+drown+out+your+own+inner+voice.++And+most+important%2C+have+the+courage+to+follow+your+heart+and+intuition.%E2%80%9D+%E2%80%93+Steve+Jobs\" >Relevant articles on Gandhi, posted on TMS \u2013 transcend.org\/tms<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>India\u2019s Independence, Nonviolence Movement, and Gandhi:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_independence_movement\" >Indian independence movement \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historytoday.com\/benjamin-zachariah\/gandhi-non-violence-and-indian-independence\" >Gandhi, Non-violence and Indian Independence \u2013 History Today<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/suite.io\/ashley-anderson\/52kf28n\" >Mahatma Gandhi, Satyagraha, and Indian Independence, Ashley Anderson<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/news\/2014\/october\/gandhi-peace-movements-10-29-2014.html\" >Gandhi\u2019s nonviolent approach offers lessons for peace movements, Sanford scholar says \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.stackexchange.com\/questions\/3000\/what-was-the-first-successful-non-violent-independence-movement\" >What was the first successful non violence independence movement? \u2013 History Beta \u2013 StackExchange.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahatma_Gandhi\" >Mahatma Gandhi \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.info-sikh.com\/PagePeace1.html\" >ORIGINS OF NON-VIOLENCE MOVEMENT IN INDIA, by Alice Basarke + additional information \u2013 Info-Sikh.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wmich.edu\/dialogues\/themes\/indiagandhi.html\" >Colonial India, Gandhi, and Eventual Independence \u2013 WMich.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.quora.com\/Should-Indias-independence-be-credited-to-violence-or-non-violence\" >Should India independence be credited to violence or nonviolence? \u2013 Quora.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2003\/02\/08\/nonviolence-its-histories-and-myths\/\" >Nonviolence, Histories, and Myths, by Michael Neumann \u2013 Counterpunch.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thatfatguy.hubpages.com\/hub\/Non-violence-over-Violence\" >Choosing Non-violence Over Violence: A Struggle for Independence \u2013 HubPages.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mkgandhi.org\/g_relevance\/chap16.htm\" >The Impact of Gandhi on the US Peace Movement \u2013 MKGandhi.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.findingdulcinea.com\/news\/on-this-day\/July-August-08\/On-this-Day--India-Gains-Independence-from-Britain.html\" >On This Day: India gains independence from Britain \u2013 FindingDulcinea.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/msjworldciv2honors.wikispaces.com\/Indian+Independence+Movement+-+Gandhi+and+the++Salt+March\" >Indian Independence Movement \u2013 Gandhi and the Salt March \u2013 WikiSpaces.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/teachindiaproject.org\/Mahatma_Gandhi_Lesson_Plan.htm\" >Mahatma Gandhi \u2013 Teach India Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/iqlearnonline.org\/mod\/resource\/view.php?id=3798\" >Gandhi and the Non-violent Protest Movement in India Lesson Plan \u2013 IQLearnOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cpp.edu\/%7Eahimsacenter\/k12\/documents\/Benskin_ArtOfNonviolence.pdf\" >TEACHER WORKSHOP \u2013 The Art of Nonviolence: Martin Luther King, Jr., Gandhi, and Concepts of Nonviolence in Indian Art<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.utexas.edu\/cola\/insts\/southasia\/_files\/pdf\/outreach\/LP_salt_protest.pdf\" >Women in Indian Independence Movement \u2013 the Salt Protest of 1930<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.teachwithmovies.org\/set-up-the-sub\/sus-wrld-hist-nonviol-india-force-more-powerful.html\" >SEU-UP-SUB \u2013 DEFYING THE CROWN \u2013 INDIA 1930 USING A SNIPPET FROM \u201cA FORCE MORE POWERFUL\u201d \u2013 TeachWithMovies.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mohandasgadhi.altervista.org\/blog\/struggle-for-indian-independence-1915-47\/\" >Struggle for Indian Independence (1915 \u2013 47) \u2013 AlterVista.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aforcemorepowerful.org\/films\/afmp\/stories\/india.php\" >India \u2013 Defying the Crown \u2013 A FORCE MORE POWERFUL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/ReligiousStudies\/chernus\/4800\/NonviolenceBook\/Gandhi.htm\" >Chapter 7 \u2013 Mahatma Gandhi \u2013 Colorado.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gandhiserve.org\/activities\/research\/oral_history.html\" >Oral History on India\u2019s Independence Movement \u2013 GandhiServe.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spiritus-temporis.com\/indian-independence-movement\/\" >Indian independence movement \u2013 Spiritus-Temporis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.susmitkumar.net\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=100&amp;Itemid=86\" >Hitler, NOT Gandhi, Should Be Given Credit for the Independence of India 1947, by Susmit Kumar \u2013 SusmitKumar.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Quit India Movement:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sscnet.ucla.edu\/southasia\/History\/Gandhi\/Quit.html\" >\u2018Quit India\u2019 Movement \u2013 UCLA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historypak.com\/quit-india-movement-1942\/\" >QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT (1942) \u2013 HistoryPak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/researchprojects\/makingbritain\/content\/1942-quit-india-movement\" >1942 Quit India Movement \u2013 The Open University<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indohistory.com\/quit_india.html\" >Quit India Movement \u2013 History of India \u2013 IndoHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Quit-India-movement\" >Quit India movement \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/indiaproject.tripod.com\/quit.html\" >The Quit India Movement \u2013 Tripod.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Independence of India:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_independence_movement\" >Indian independence movement \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Independence_Day_%28India%29\" >Independence Day of India, August 15 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.timeanddate.com\/holidays\/india\/independence-day\" >Independence Day in India \u2013 TimeAndDate.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.culturalindia.net\/indian-history\/modern-history\/indian-independence.html\" >Indian Independence \u2013 Cultural India<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/india-and-pakistan-win-independence\" >India and Pakistan win independence\u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thenagain.info\/WebChron\/India\/IndiaInd.html\" >India\u2019s Independence from Britain \u2013 ThenAgain.info<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of India: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_India\" >History of India \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyindia.org\/\" >History of India \u2013 HistoryIndia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/history\/\" >History of India \u2013 MapsOfIndia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographia.com\/india\/india02.htm\" >India \u2013 Geographia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gktoday.in\/history-of-india\/\" >History of India \u2013 General Studies Manual for UPSC and State Public Services Examination 2014<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sscnet.ucla.edu\/southasia\/History\/mainhist.html\" >Manas \u2013 History and Politics of India \u2013 UCLA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>___________________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(<em>Sources and references:<\/em><\/strong><em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/october31\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/october31<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 novermber<strong>_6<\/strong>; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/events\/october\/31\" >http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/events\/october\/31<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 to <strong>november\/6<\/strong>;\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/october_31.html\" >http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/october_31.html<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0 to <strong>november_6.html<\/strong>; and other pertinent web sites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<\/em><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and\/or documents.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about \u201cpeace\u201d, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external\/outer peace and internal\/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and\/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address \u201cpeace\u201d.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.\u00a0 His interest and\/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project\/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental\/ecological issues, science and technology, visual\/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment<\/em><\/a><em>, he is currently compiling <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/category\/history\/\" >This Week in History<\/a> <em>on <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/\" >TMS<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oct 31- Nov 6 ~ QUOTE OF THE WEEK: \u201cYour time is limited, so don&#8217;t waste it living someone else&#8217;s life.  Don&#8217;t be trapped by dogma &#8211; which is living with the results of other people&#8217;s thinking.  Don&#8217;t let the noise of others&#8217; opinions drown out your own inner voice.  And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.\u201d \u2013 Steve Jobs<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79520","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79520","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79520"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79520\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79520"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79520"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79520"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}