{"id":79949,"date":"2016-12-26T12:00:19","date_gmt":"2016-12-26T12:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=79949"},"modified":"2016-09-19T12:34:57","modified_gmt":"2016-09-19T11:34:57","slug":"this-week-in-history-108","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2016\/12\/this-week-in-history-108\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62806\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo.jpeg\" alt=\"TWH logo history\" width=\"500\" height=\"276\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Dec 26-Jan 1<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>QUOTE OF THE WEEK:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyquote.com\/quotes\/quotes\/e\/elisabethk145619.html\" >\u201cThe ultimate lesson all of us have to learn is unconditional love, which includes not only others but ourselves as well.\u201d<\/a><\/em> \u2013 Elisabeth K\u00fcbler-Ross<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DECEMBER 26<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>China <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High-speed_rail_in_China\" >opens<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_high-speed_rail_lines\" >world\u2019s longest<\/a> high-speed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beijing%E2%80%93Guangzhou%E2%80%93Shenzhen%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_High-Speed_Railway\" >rail route<\/a>, which links <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beijing\" >Beijing<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guangzhou\" >Guangzhou<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pipeline_transport#For_oil_or_natural_gas\" >oil pipeline<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lagos\" >Lagos<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_Abule_Egba_pipeline_explosion\" >explodes<\/a>, killing at least 260.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orange_Revolution\" >Orange Revolution<\/a>: The final <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukrainian_presidential_election,_2004\" >run-off election<\/a> in Ukraine is held under heavy international scrutiny.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Orange Revolution in Ukraine of 2004:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Orange-Revolution\" >Orange Revolution \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.local-life.com\/kiev\/articles\/orange-revolution\" >\u201c<em>The last months of 2004 were certainly an exciting time in Ukraine\u2019s history. Presidential elections were forthcoming, and there was a hotly contested campaign being fought between the two principal candidates, Victor Yanukovych and Victor Yushchenko\u2026..Voter wise Yushchenko was supported by the vast majority of Western Ukraine and much of Ukraine\u2019s younger generation. The campaign was not fought cleanly, with Yushchenko nearly dying of Dioxin poisoning (he survived but was visibly disfigured) widely regarded to be perpetrated by supporters of Yanukovych.<\/em>\u201d \u2013 The Future\u2019s Bright\u2026? \u2013 Local-Life.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.studymode.com\/essays\/Orange-Revolution-In-Ukraine-584709.html\" >Orange Revolution in Ukraine \u2013 StudyMode.com \u2013 downloadable<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-25210230\" >\u201c<em>Ukrainians are back on the streets nine years after the Orange Revolution \u2013 voicing similar aims but with a hardened sense of reality<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Ukraine\u2019s two different revolutions, by Oleg Karpyak \u2013 3 December 2013 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Orange_Revolution\" >Timeline of the Orange Revolution \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Ukraine:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Ukraine\" >Western Ukraine \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Ukraine\" >History of Ukraine \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2014\/02\/140224-ukraine-protests-president-ousted-history-geography-background\/\" >Behind the Headlines: History and Geography Help Explain Ukraine Crisis, by Eve Conant \u2013 NationalGeographic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ukrainetrek.com\/western-district\" >Western Ukraine \u2013 UkraineTrek.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brama.com\/ukraine\/history\/century20.html\" >BRAMA \u2013 History of Ukraine \u2013 20<sup>th<\/sup> Century \u2013 Chronologically Synchronized Tables \u2013 BRAMA.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/To-Z\/Ukraine.html\" >Ukraine \u2013 Culture \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.summer.harvard.edu\/blog-news-events\/conflict-ukraine-historical-perspective\" >The Conflict in Ukraine \u2013 a Historical Perspective, by Lauren McLaughlin \u2013 Harvard.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ukraine.uazone.net\/history.html\" >Ukraine History \u2013 Chronological Table \u2013 UAZone.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Ukraine-Russian Relations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations#History_of_relations\" >History of relations \u2013 Russia-Ukraine relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ukraineanalysis.wordpress.com\/category\/russian-ukrainian-relations\/\" >Category Archives: Russian-Ukraine relations \u2013 UkraineAnalysis.WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine_after_the_Russian_Revolution\" >Ukraine after the Russian Revolution \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/ukraine\/forrel-ru.htm\" >Ukraine-Russian Relations \u2013 GlobalSecuirty.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/ukraine-russia-relations\/\" >Ukraine Russian Relations \u2013 Pertinent Articles \u2013 The Huffington Post \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Ukraine#Russia\" >Russia \u2013 Foreign relations of Ukraine \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=94297069\" >In Ukraine, A Conflict Over Russian Relations \u2013 published September 5, 2008 \u2013 NPR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ukraineanalysis.wordpress.com\/category\/russian-ukrainian-relations\/\" >Category: Russian-Ukrainian relations \u2013 UkraineAnalysis.WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.minecreek.info\/bolshevik-revolution\/ukraine.html\" >\u201c<em>Developments in Ukraine were especially important. Its large territorial size and population (just under a fifth of the total population of Russia in 1917), economic importance, and strategic geographic location made it a key area<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Mine Creek Battlefield \u2013 Bolshevik Revolution \u2013 MineCreek.info<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Relations: Ukraine, the West and Russia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/speeches\/2011\/01\/28-ukraine-pifer\" >Ukraine: Walking the Line Between the West and Russia \u2013 January 28, 2011 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.taraskuzio.net\/International%20Relations_files\/ukraine_west_relations.pdf\" >Ukraine\u2019s Relations with the West: Disinterest, Partnership, Disillusionment, by Taras Kuzio \u2013 TrasKuzio.net \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09662839.2012.655272\" >Ukraine\u2019s relations with the West since the Orange Revolution \u2013 Taylors &amp; Francis Online \u2013 tandfonline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eeas.europa.eu\/ukraine\/index_en.htm\" >The EU\u2019s relations with Ukraine \u2013 Europa.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/article\/1070178.html\" >Ukraine: Relations With The West On \u2018Pause\u2019 \u2013 July 28, 2006 \u2013 Radio Free Europe Liberty \u2013 RFEL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ukraine\/n1-magazine-ukraine-putin-west\/p32541\" >n + 1 Magazine: Ukraine, Putin, and the West \u2013 March 7, 2014 \u2013 Council on Foreign Affairs \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nato.int\/docu\/review\/2014\/Russia-Ukraine-Nato-crisis\/Ukraine-crisis-NATO-Russia-relations\/EN\/index.htm\" >The Ukraine crisis and NATO-Russia relations \u2013 NATO.int<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/russia-fsu\/2014-08-18\/why-ukraine-crisis-west-s-fault\" >Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West\u2019s Fault? , by John J Mearsheimer \u2013 ForeignAffiairs.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/russia-fsu\/2015-02-10\/west-should-arm-ukraine\" >The West Should Arm Ukraine: Here\u2019s Why-And How, by Alexander J. Motyl \u2013 February 10, 2015 \u2013 ForeignAffairs.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rbth.com\/international\/2014\/09\/08\/fyodor_lukyanov_russias_relations_with_the_west_are_ruined_for_39627.html\" >Fyodor Lukyanov: Russia\u2019s relations with the West are ruined for long time \u2013 Russia Beyond The Headlines \u2013 September 28, 2014 \u2013 RBHL.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/russia-us-churkin-relations-745\/\" >Crimea \u2018chill\u2019 in Russian-Western relations will be short-lived \u2013 Russia\u2019s UN envoy \u2013 6 Apr 2014 \u2013 RT.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.themoscowtimes.com\/news\/article\/russia-say-west-doesn-t-understand-its-close-relations-with-ukraine-anna-dolgov\/506123.html%20\/\" >Russia Says West Doesn\u2019t Understand Its \u2018Close Relations\u2019 With Ukraine, by Anna Dolgov \u2013 Aug. 29, 2014 \u2013 TheMoscowTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonsblog.com\/2014\/08\/council-foreign-relations-ukraine-crisis-wests-putins-fault.html\" >Council On Foreign Relations: The Ukraine Crisis Is the West\u2019s \u2013 Not Putin\u2019s \u2013 Fault \u2013 posted August 20, 2014 \u2013 WashingtonPostBlog.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rt.com\/op-edge\/249657-ukraine-crisis-west-russia-relations\/\" >Ukraine: Which way to Europe and for Europe? , by Dr Alexander Yakovenko, Russian Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Deputy foreign minister (2005-2011) \u2013 14 Apr 2015 \u2013 RT.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/article\/commentary_the_origins_of_russias_new_conflict_with_the_west330\" >The Origins of Russia\u2019s New Conflict with the West \u2013 European Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 ECFR.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldaffairsjournal.org\/article\/putin%E2%80%99s-zugzwang-russia-ukraine-standoff\" >Putin\u2019s Zugzwang: The Russia-Ukraine Standoff \u2013 July\/August 2014 \u2013 Alexander J. Motyl \u2013 WorldAffairsJournal.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/ukraine\/tug-war-between-east-west\/p31948\" >Interview: A Tag of War between East and West \u2013 Interviewee: Jan Techau, Director, Carnegie Europe \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-ukraine-crisis-china-idUSBREA1Q06J20140227\" >China paper slams West\u2019s \u201cCold War mentality\u201d over Ukraine \u2013 Wed Feb 26, 2014 \u2013 Reuters.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami\" >earthquake of magnitude 9.3<\/a> creates a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsunami\" >tsunami<\/a> causing devastation in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lanka<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India\" >India<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thailand\" >Thailand<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia\" >Malaysia<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maldives\" >Maldives<\/a> and many other areas around the rim of the Indian Ocean, killing over 230,000.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2003_Bam_earthquake\" >An earthquake of magnitude 6.6<\/a> devastates southeast <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iranian<\/a> city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bam,_Iran\" >Bam<\/a>, killing tens of thousands and destroying the citadel of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arg-%C3%A9_Bam\" >Arg-\u00e9 Bam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a> announces its intention to fire upon US and British warplanes that patrol the northern and southern <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraqi_no-fly_zones\" >no-fly zones<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soufri%C3%A8re_Hills\" >Soufri\u00e8re Hills<\/a> volcano on the island of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montserrat\" >Montserrat<\/a> explodes, creating a small <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsunami\" >tsunami<\/a> offshore.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>Start of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1996%E2%80%9397_strikes_in_South_Korea\" >largest strike in South Korean history<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>Four <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armed_Islamic_Group_of_Algeria\" >Armed Islamic Group<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aircraft_hijacking\" >hijackers<\/a> seize control of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_France_Flight_8969\" >Air France Flight 8969<\/a>. When the plane lands at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marseille\" >Marseille<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Gendarmerie\" >French Gendarmerie<\/a> assault team boards the aircraft and kills the hijackers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union<\/a> meets and formally dissolves the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Dissolution of the Soviet Union:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >Dissolution of the Soviet Union \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.coldwar.org\/articles\/90s\/fall_of_the_soviet_union.asp\" >FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION \u2013 coldwar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/cold-war\/fall-of-soviet-union\" >FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION \u2013 history.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union#Dissolution\" >Dissolution \u2013 Soviet Unison \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1989-1992\/collapse-soviet-union\" >The Collapse of the Soviet Union \u2013 OFFICE OF THE HISTORIAN \u2013 state.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/5e852474-0831-11e4-9afc-00144feab7de\" >The dissolution of the Soviet Union \u2013 by John Lloyd \u2013 July 11, 2014 \u2013 ft.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1982%E2%80%9391)#Dissolution_of_the_USSR\" >Dissolution of the USSR \u2013 History of the Soviet Union (1982-91) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arcaneknowledge.org\/histpoli\/soviet.htm\" >Causes of the Soviet Collapse (1979-1991) \u2013 arcaneknowledge.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belavezha_Accords\" >Belavezha Accords \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/quizlet.com\/45955089\/rise-fall-of-the-soviet-union-flash-cards\/\" >Rise &amp; Fall of the Soviet Union \u2013 quizlet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/russia\/soviet-collapse.htm\" >Collapse of the Soviet Union &#8211; 1989-1991 \u2013 globalsecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu\/publication\/2933\/disintegration_of_the_soviet_union_and_the_us_position_on_the_independence_of_ukraine.html\" >Disintegration of the Soviet Union and the US Position on the Independence of Ukraine \u2013 by Olexiy Haran \u2013 harvard.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>198<\/strong><strong>3\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1983_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >(underground)<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1983:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1983_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1983 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bigpicture\/2009\/11\/kazakhstans_radioactive_legacy.html\" >Kazakhstan\u2019s radioactive legacy \u2013 Boston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wn.com\/semipalatinsk_test_site\" >\u201cMy home: nuclear base Semipalatinsk \u2013 21\u201d, Episode 02 \u201cMain Testing Field\u201d (Video: 3 min. 14 sec.) \u2013 WN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death In Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/carlwillis.wordpress.com\/2012\/08\/13\/visit-to-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\/\" >Visit to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 SPEICAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/appraisals\/semipalatinsk.asp\" >The Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan \u2013 IAEA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/732\/\" >Semipalatinsk Test Site \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/5988266\/the-tragic-story-of-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\" >The Tragic Story of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, by Vincze Mikl\u00f3s \u2013 io9.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/Sixty_Years_After_First_Soviet_Nuclear_Test_Legacy_Of_Misery_Lives_On\/1809712.html\" >60 Years After First Soviet Nuclear Test, Legacy Of Misery Lives On In Kazakhstan \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 Monday, August 10, 2015 \u2013 RFERL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8236431.stm\" >Soviet nuclear tests leave Kazakh fallout \u2013 Sunday, 6 September 2009 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/story\/2010\/02\/24\/ST2010022403314.html?sid=ST2010022403314\" >In Kazakhstan, the race for uranium goes nuclear, by Philip P. Pan \u2013 Thursday, February 25, 2005 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?17456\" >Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 NuclearNo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/listverse.com\/2012\/05\/15\/top-10-nuclear-test-sites\/\" >Top 10 Nuclear Test Sites, Michael Affleck, May 15, 2012 \u2013 Our World \u2013 ListVerse.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan\/Semipalatinsk:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reference.allrefer.com\/country-guide-study\/kazakhstan\/kazakhstan17.html\" >Kazakstan\/Kazakhstan \u2013 Environmental Problems \u2013 Reference.AllRefer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdfs\/HBWW_EN\/Semipalatinsk_EN_web.pdf\" >\u201cIn Semipalatinsk, the local population was exposed to high levels of radioactivity from nuclear weapon tests for several decades\u2026\u201d \u2013 Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Nuclear test site \u2013 Nuclear-Risk.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalatinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/key-issues\/nuclear-weapons\/issues\/testing\/PDFs\/JC-143920%5B1%5D.pdf\" >Radionuclide Contamination at Kazakhstan\u2019s Semipalatinsk Test Site Implications on Human and Ecological Heath, by T.M. Carlsen, L.E. Peterson, B.A. Ulsh, C.A. Werner, K.L.Purvis, A.C. Sharber<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nukefreetexas.org\/downloads\/plutominum_uranium_semipalatinsk_test_site.pdf\" >Plutonium and Uranium in Human Bones from Areas surrounding the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 NukeFreeTexas.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Asia-South-Central\/2013\/0828\/Secrets-of-Semipalatinsk-How-nuclear-theft-was-averted-in-Central-Asia\" >\u201cTheir research done on sample villages near the test site found cancer mortality rates 2-1\/2 times greater than those in a control village. The agency says some 356,000 people face radiation risk, with 70 percent of those being descendants of exposed villagers\u2026\u201d \u2013 Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cajgh.pitt.edu\/ojs\/index.php\/cajgh\/article\/view\/127\/0\" >Studies of Health Effects from Nuclear Testing near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Kazakhstan, by Bernd Grosche, Tamara Zhunussova, Kazbek Apsalikov, Ausrele Kesminiene<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/wasj\/wasj23%285%2913\/19.pdf\" >Information Report on Biological Studies Conducted At the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 IDOSI.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/articles\/PMC3866702\" >Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in the Semipalatinsk Historical Cohort, 1960 \u2013 1999, and its Relationship to Radiation Exposure \u2013 Europe PubMed Central<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" ><em>For some more pertinent information, see, <\/em>\u201c<strong>1983 <\/strong>USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_%28magazine%29\" >Time<\/a>\u2018s<\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_Person_of_the_Year\" >Man of the Year<\/a> is for the first time a non-human, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Personal_computer\" >personal computer<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" ><em>For some more pertinent information, see, <\/em>\u201c<strong>1983 <\/strong>USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_%28Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist%29\" >Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist\u2013Leninist)<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: As part of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Linebacker_II\" >Operation Linebacker II<\/a>, 120 American <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress\" >B-52 Stratofortress<\/a> bombers attacked <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanoi\" >Hanoi<\/a>, including 78 launched from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andersen_Air_Force_Base\" >Andersen Air Force Base<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guam\" >Guam<\/a>, the largest single combat launch in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strategic_Air_Command\" >Strategic Air Command<\/a> history.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Vietnam War in 1972:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1972_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >1972 in the Vietnam War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vietnamgear.com\/war1971.aspx\" >Vietnam War Timeline: 1971-1972 \u2013 VietnamGear.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.upi.com\/Archives\/Audio\/Events-of-1972\/Vietnam-War-and-Deaths\/\" >1972 YEAR IN REVIEW \u2013 Vietnam War and Deaths \u2013 UPI.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.army.mil\/books\/DAHSUM\/1972\/ch03.htm\" >III The War in Vietnam \u2013 Operations \u2013 [1972] \u2013 Army.mil<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Operation Linebacker<\/em><\/strong><strong><em> II:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Linebacker_II\" >Operation Linebacker II \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Linebacker\" >Operation Linebacker \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/ops\/linebacker-2.htm\" >Operation Linebacker II \u2013 globalsecurity.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nixon-orders-the-initiation-of-operation-linebacker-ii\" >THIS DAY IN HISTORY \u2013 DEC 18 1972: Nixon orders initiation of Operation Linebacker II \u2013 history.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/operation-linebacker-ii-continues\" >THIS DAY IN HISTORY \u2013 DEC 23 1972: Operation Linebacker II continues \u2013 history.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thevietnamwar.info\/operation-linebacker-ii-christmas-bombing\/\" >Operation Linebacker II \u2013 The Christmas Bombing \u2013 thevietnamwar.info<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afhso.af.mil\/topics\/factsheets\/factsheet.asp?id=15265\" >FACTSHEET \u2013 OPERATION LINEBACKER II \u2013 Air Force Historical Support Division \u2013 afhso.af.mil<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.linebacker2.com\/\" >Linebacker II \u2013 12\/72 \u2013 linebacker2.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.citizendium.org\/wiki\/Operation_LINEBACKER_II\" >Operation LINEBACKER II \u2013 citizendium.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kwanzaa\" >Kwanzaa<\/a> is celebrated by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maulana_Karenga\" >Maulana Karenga<\/a>, the chair of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Africana_studies\" >Black Studies<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_State_University,_Long_Beach\" >California State University, Long Beach<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>Cardinal <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%B3zsef_Mindszenty\" >J\u00f3zsef Mindszenty<\/a> is arrested in Hungary and accused of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treason\" >treason<\/a> and conspiracy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_S._Patton\" >George S Patton<\/a>\u2018s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army_Central\" >Third Army<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Bastogne\" >breaks the encirclement<\/a> of surrounded U.S. forces at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bastogne\" >Bastogne<\/a>, Belgium.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: German warship <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_battleship_Scharnhorst\" >Scharnhorst<\/a><\/em> is sunk off of Norway\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Cape,_Norway\" >North Cape<\/a> after a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_North_Cape\" >battle against major Royal Navy forces<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >US President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franklin_D._Roosevelt\" >Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a> signs a bill establishing the fourth Thursday in November as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thanksgiving_%28United_States%29\" >Thanksgiving Day<\/a> in the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1925\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a> adopts the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregorian_calendar\" >Gregorian calendar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marie_Curie\" >Marie<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Curie\" >Pierre Curie<\/a> announce the isolation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radium\" >radium<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1883\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harbour_Grace\" >Harbour Grace<\/a> Affray between Irish Catholics and Protestant <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orange_Order\" >Orangemen<\/a> causes five deaths in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newfoundland_Colony\" >Newfoundland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1862\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dakota_War_of_1862#Execution\" >largest mass-hanging in U.S. history<\/a> took place in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mankato,_Minnesota\" >Mankato, Minnesota<\/a>, 38 Native Americans died.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1846\u00a0 <\/strong>Trapped in snow in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sierra_Nevada_%28U.S.%29\" >Sierra Nevadas<\/a> and without food, members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donner_Party\" >Donner Party<\/a> resort to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cannibalism\" >cannibalism<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1825\u00a0 <\/strong>Advocates of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberalism\" >liberalism<\/a> in Russia rise up against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicholas_I_of_Russia\" >Czar Nicholas I<\/a> and are put down in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Decembrist_revolt\" >Decembrist revolt<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_Petersburg\" >Saint Petersburg<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1811\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richmond_Theatre_fire\" >theater fire<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richmond,_Virginia\" >Richmond, Virginia<\/a> kills the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governor_of_Virginia\" >Governor of Virginia<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_William_Smith_%28politician%29\" >George William Smith<\/a> and the president of the First National Bank of Virginia <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abraham_B._Venable\" >Abraham B. Venable<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1806\u00a0 <\/strong>Battles of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Pu%C5%82tusk\" >Pultusk<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Golymin\" >Golymin<\/a>: Russian forces hold <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_French_Empire\" >French<\/a> forces under <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon\" >Napoleon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1805\u00a0 <\/strong>Austria and France sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace_of_Pressburg_%281805%29\" >Treaty of Pressburg<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1799\u00a0 <\/strong>Four thousand people attend <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Washington\" >George Washington<\/a>\u2018s funeral where <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Lee_III\" >Henry Lee III<\/a> declares him as \u201cfirst in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>1793 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Battle_of_Wissembourg_%281793%29\" >Second Battle of Wissembourg<\/a>: France defeat Austria.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DECMEBER 27<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009%E2%80%9310_Iranian_election_protests\" >Iranian election protests<\/a>: On the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Day_of_Ashura\" >Day of Ashura<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tehran\" >Tehran<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iran<\/a>, government security forces <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashura_protests\" >fire upon<\/a> demonstrators.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaza_War_%282008%E2%80%9309%29\" >Operation Cast Lead<\/a>: Israel launches 3-week operation on Gaza.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>Riots erupt in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mombasa\" >Mombasa<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenya\" >Kenya<\/a>, after <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mwai_Kibaki\" >Mwai Kibaki<\/a> is declared the winner of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenyan_presidential_election,_2007\" >presidential election<\/a>, triggering a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2007%E2%80%9308_Kenyan_crisis\" >political, economic, and humanitarian crisis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong>Former Pakistani <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_minister\" >prime minister<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benazir_Bhutto\" >Benazir Bhutto<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination_of_Benazir_Bhutto\" >is assassinated<\/a> in a shooting incident.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radiation\" >Radiation<\/a> from an explosion on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnetar\" >magnetar<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SGR_1806-20\" >SGR 1806-20<\/a> reaches Earth. It is the brightest <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extrasolar\" >extrasolar<\/a> event known to have been witnessed on the planet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2002_Grozny_truck_bombing\" >Two truck bombs<\/a> kill 72 and wound 200 at the pro-Moscow headquarters of the Chechen government in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grozny\" >Grozny<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chechnya\" >Chechnya<\/a>, Russia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong>China is granted <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Permanent_normal_trade_relations\" >permanent normal trade relations<\/a> with the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taliban\" >Taliban<\/a> forces retake the strategic <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagram_Airfield\" >Bagram Airfield<\/a> which solidifies their buffer zone around <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kabul\" >Kabul<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taliban\" >Taliban<\/a> forces retake the strategic <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagram_Airfield\" >Bagram Airfield<\/a> which solidifies their buffer zone around <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kabul\" >Kabul<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romanian_Revolution\" >Romanian Revolution<\/a> concludes, as the last minor street confrontations and stray shootings abruptly end in the country\u2019s capital, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bucharest\" >Bucharest<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>198<\/strong><strong>7\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1987_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >(underground)<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1987:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1987_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1987 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bigpicture\/2009\/11\/kazakhstans_radioactive_legacy.html\" >Kazakhstan\u2019s radioactive legacy \u2013 Boston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wn.com\/semipalatinsk_test_site\" >\u201cMy home: nuclear base Semipalatinsk \u2013 21\u201d, Episode 02 \u201cMain Testing Field\u201d (Video: 3 min. 14 sec.) \u2013 WN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death In Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/carlwillis.wordpress.com\/2012\/08\/13\/visit-to-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\/\" >Visit to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 SPEICAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/appraisals\/semipalatinsk.asp\" >The Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan \u2013 IAEA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/732\/\" >Semipalatinsk Test Site \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/5988266\/the-tragic-story-of-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\" >The Tragic Story of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, by Vincze Mikl\u00f3s \u2013 io9.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/Sixty_Years_After_First_Soviet_Nuclear_Test_Legacy_Of_Misery_Lives_On\/1809712.html\" >60 Years After First Soviet Nuclear Test, Legacy Of Misery Lives On In Kazakhstan \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 Monday, August 10, 2015 \u2013 RFERL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8236431.stm\" >Soviet nuclear tests leave Kazakh fallout \u2013 Sunday, 6 September 2009 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/story\/2010\/02\/24\/ST2010022403314.html?sid=ST2010022403314\" >In Kazakhstan, the race for uranium goes nuclear, by Philip P. Pan \u2013 Thursday, February 25, 2005 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?17456\" >Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 NuclearNo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/listverse.com\/2012\/05\/15\/top-10-nuclear-test-sites\/\" >Top 10 Nuclear Test Sites, Michael Affleck, May 15, 2012 \u2013 Our World \u2013 ListVerse.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan\/Semipalatinsk:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reference.allrefer.com\/country-guide-study\/kazakhstan\/kazakhstan17.html\" >Kazakstan\/Kazakhstan \u2013 Environmental Problems \u2013 Reference.AllRefer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdfs\/HBWW_EN\/Semipalatinsk_EN_web.pdf\" >\u201cIn Semipalatinsk, the local population was exposed to high levels of radioactivity from nuclear weapon tests for several decades\u2026\u201d \u2013 Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Nuclear test site \u2013 Nuclear-Risk.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalatinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/key-issues\/nuclear-weapons\/issues\/testing\/PDFs\/JC-143920%5B1%5D.pdf\" >Radionuclide Contamination at Kazakhstan\u2019s Semipalatinsk Test Site Implications on Human and Ecological Heath, by T.M. Carlsen, L.E. Peterson, B.A. Ulsh, C.A. Werner, K.L.Purvis, A.C. Sharber<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nukefreetexas.org\/downloads\/plutominum_uranium_semipalatinsk_test_site.pdf\" >Plutonium and Uranium in Human Bones from Areas surrounding the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 NukeFreeTexas.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Asia-South-Central\/2013\/0828\/Secrets-of-Semipalatinsk-How-nuclear-theft-was-averted-in-Central-Asia\" >\u201cTheir research done on sample villages near the test site found cancer mortality rates 2-1\/2 times greater than those in a control village. The agency says some 356,000 people face radiation risk, with 70 percent of those being descendants of exposed villagers\u2026\u201d \u2013 Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cajgh.pitt.edu\/ojs\/index.php\/cajgh\/article\/view\/127\/0\" >Studies of Health Effects from Nuclear Testing near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Kazakhstan, by Bernd Grosche, Tamara Zhunussova, Kazbek Apsalikov, Ausrele Kesminiene<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/wasj\/wasj23%285%2913\/19.pdf\" >Information Report on Biological Studies Conducted At the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 IDOSI.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/articles\/PMC3866702\" >Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in the Semipalatinsk Historical Cohort, 1960 \u2013 1999, and its Relationship to Radiation Exposure \u2013 Europe PubMed Central<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1985<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_people\" >Palestinian<\/a> guerrillas <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rome_and_Vienna_airport_attacks\" >kill eighteen people<\/a> inside the airports of Rome, Italy, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vienna\" >Vienna<\/a>, Austria.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Rome and Vienna Airport Attacks of December 27, 1985:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rome_and_Vienna_airport_attacks\" >\u201c<em>The <\/em><strong><em>Rome and Vienna airport attacks<\/em><\/strong><em> were two major terrorist attacks carried out on 27 December 1985. Seven Arab terrorists attacked two airports in Rome, Italy, and Vienna, Austria with assault rifles and hand grenades<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Rome and Vienna airport attacks \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jpost.com\/Features\/In-Thespotlight\/Timeline-Attacks-on-Jewish-targets-Israelis-abroad\" >\u201c<em><strong>December 27, 1985 <\/strong><\/em><em>\u2013 Guerrillas of Abu Nidal\u2019s Fatah Revolutionary Council attack El Al counters at Rome and Vienna airports simultaneously, killing 19 people.\u201d<\/em> \u2013 Timeline: Attacks on Jewish targets, Israelis abroad \u2013 The Jerusalem Post \u2013 07\/19\/2012 \u2013 Jpost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1988\/02\/13\/world\/palestinian-gets-30-years-for-rome-airport-attack.html\" >Palestinian Gets 30 Years for Rome Airport Attack \u2013 Feb. 12, 1988 \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_John_Paul_II\" >Pope John Paul II<\/a> visits <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mehmet_Ali_A%C4%9Fca\" >Mehmet Ali A\u011fca<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rebibbia\" >Rebibbia<\/a>\u2018s prison and personally forgives him for the 1981 attack on him in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Peter%27s_Square\" >St. Peter\u2019s Square<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>For some more pertinent information, see \u201c<\/em><strong>1987 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR,<em>\u201d mentioned above.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>The Soviet Union <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_war_in_Afghanistan\" >invades<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan\" >Democratic Republic of Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Soviet-invasion-of-Afghanistan\" >Soviet invasion of Afghanistan \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www2.needham.k12.ma.us\/nhs\/cur\/Baker_00\/2002-p4\/baker_p4_12-01_mj_sz\/\" >The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 1979-1989 \u2013 ma.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1977-1980\/soviet-invasion-afghanistan\" >The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and the US Response, 1978-1989 \u2013 OFFICE OF THE HISTORIAN \u2013 state.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.guidetorussia.com\/russia-afghanistan.asp\" >SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN \u2013 gudietorussia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/afghanista1\/a\/Soviet_Invasion_Afghanistan.htm\" >The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, 1979-1989 \u2013 about education \u2013 about.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history105.libraries.wsu.edu\/spring2015\/2015\/01\/20\/isis\/\" >Origins of the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, 1979 \u2013 wsu.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.e-ir.info\/2014\/10\/09\/why-did-the-soviet-union-invade-afghanistan-in-1979\/\" >Why Did the Soviet Union Invade Afghanistan in 1979? \u2013 e-ir.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ErON5GRl1hE\" >YouTube video (46 min. 58 sec.): Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan | 1979 | American Documentary Film<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Afghan War (1979-1992):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War\" >Soviet-Afghan War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Afghan-War\" >\u201c<em>Afghan War, in the history of Afghanistan, the internal conflict (1978\u201392) between anticommunist Muslim guerrillas and the Afghan communist government (aided in 1979\u201389 by Soviet troops)<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Afghan War (1978-1992) \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Soviet-invasion-of-Afghanistan\" >Soviet invasion of Afghanistan: 1979 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/afghanistan-war.html\" >Afghanistan War \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fact-index.com\/s\/so\/soviet_invasion_of_afghanistan.html\" >Soviet invasion of Afghanistan \u2013 Fact-Index.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/afghanistan\/29.htm\" >COMMUNISM, REBELLIION, AND SOVIET INTERVENTION \u2013 Afghanistan \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/u__-nvho8zdx\/the-soviet-afghan-war\/\" >The Soviet-Afghan war \u2013 Prezi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oocities.org\/h_marroquin\/Soviet-Afghanistan.html\" >AFGHANISTAN; IN DEFESE OF SOVIET MILITARY ACTION \u2013 OOCities.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.e-ir.info\/2010\/01\/03\/the-soviet-union%E2%80%99s-last-war\/\" >Why Did the Soviet Union Invade Afghanistan? , by Daryl Morini \u2013 Jan 3, 2010 \u2013 E-INTERNATIONAL RELATION STUDIES \u2013 E-IR.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.alternativeinsight.com\/Afghan_War.html\" >The Origins of the Soviet-Afghan War \u2013 AlternativeInsight.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historyofrussia.org\/russian-invasion-of-afghanistan\/\" >RUSSIAN INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN, by Andy Young \u2013 HISTORY OF RUSSIA \u2013 HistoryOfRussia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/updates\/asia-july-dec06-soviet_10-10\/\" >The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan \u2013 PBS News Hour \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thewashingtonreview.org\/articles\/the-kremlin-and-kabul-the-1979-soviet-invasion-of-afghanistan-in-retrospect.html\" >The Kremlin and Kabul: The 1979 Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in Retrospect, by Charles J Sullivan \u2013 September 2011 \u2013 TheWashingtonReview.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.guidetorussia.com\/russia-afghanistan.asp\" >SOVIET INVASTION OF AFGHANISTAN \u2013 GuideToRussia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghan-web.com\/history\/chron\/index4.html\" >Chronological History of Afghanistan \u2013 Afghan-web.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Relations between Afghanistan and the Soviet Union:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Russia_relations\" >\u201c<em>The Soviets began a major economic assistance program in Afghanistan in the 1950s. Between 1954 and 1978, Afghanistan received more than $1 billion in Soviet aid, including substantial military assistance. In 1973, the two countries announced a $200-million assistance agreement on gas and oil development, trade, transport, irrigation, and factory construction. Following the 1979 invasion, the Soviets augmented their large aid commitments to shore up the Afghan economy and rebuild the Afghan military. They provided the Karmal regime an unprecedented $800 million. The Soviet Union supported the Najibullah regime even after the withdrawal of Soviet troops in February 1989<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Afghanistan-Russia relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academicroom.com\/article\/soviet-afghan-relations-cooperation-occupation\" >Soviet-Afghanistan Relations from Cooperation to Occupation, by Alam Payind \u2013 AcademcRoom.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghanchamber.com\/about\/FOREIGNRELATIONS.htm\" >Foreign Relations \u2013 Afghanistan \u2013 AfghanistanChamber.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sothebys.com\/en\/auctions\/ecatalogue\/2013\/travel-atlases-maps-natural-history-l13401\/lot.206.html\" >Afghanistan-Soviet relations \u2013 Sothebys.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Afghanistan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Afghanistan\" >Foreign relations of Afghanistan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/afghanistan\/ri218\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mfa.gov.af\/en\/page\/3883\" >Ministry of Foreign Affairs \u2013 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usip.org\/publications\/2015\/03\/04\/neutrality-in-afghanistan-s-foreign-policy\" >Neutrality in Afghanistan\u2019s Foreign Policy \u2013 United States Institute of Peace \u2013 USIP.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations\" >Afghanistan-United States relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/5380.htm\" >US Relations With Afghanistan \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/programs\/foreign-policy\/afghanistan-index\" >Afghanistan Index \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/afghanistan.htm\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Country Profile \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-south-asia-12011352\" >Afghanistan country profile \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Afghanistan and the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/news\/dh\/latest\/afghan\/un-afghan-history.shtml\" >Afghanistan &amp; the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghanistan-un.org\/\" >Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the United Nations in New York<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mission-afghanistan.ch\/Mission\/index.php\" >Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Afghanistan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/af.html\" >AFGHANISTAN \u2013 WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/afghanistan.html\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Afghanistan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Afghanistan\" >History of Afghanistan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/afghanistan-history.html\" >Afghanistan \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghangovernment.com\/briefhistory.htm\" >A Brief History of Afghanistan: By Adam Ritscher \u2013 AfghanGovernment.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad09\" >HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/afghanistan\/history\" >Afghanistan \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/afghanista1\/p\/ProfAfghanistan.htm\" >Afghanistan | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/updates\/asia-jan-june11-timeline-afghanistan\/\" >A Historical Timeline of Afghanistan \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghan-web.com\/history\/chron\/index.html\" >Chronological History of Afghanistan \u2013 Afghan-Web.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-south-asia-12024253\" >Afghanistan profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Economy of Afghanistan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Afghanistan\" >Economy of Afghanistan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adb.org\/countries\/afghanistan\/economy\" >Afghanistan: Economy \u2013 Asian Development Bank \u2013 ADB.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/afghanistan-economy.html\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghanistans.com\/Information\/Economy\/default.htm\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Economy \u2013 Afghanistan\u2019s Economy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>Spain <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_transition_to_democracy\" >becomes a democracy<\/a> after 40 years of fascist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dictatorship\" >dictatorship<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Democratization of Spain in 1978:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_transition_to_democracy\" >Spanish transition to democracy \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978\" >Spanish Constitution of 1978 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_society_after_the_democratic_transition\" >Spanish society after the democratic transition \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Politics_of_Spain\" >Politics of Spain \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/libcom.org\/files\/Wildcat%20Spain%20encounters%20democracy,%201976-1978.pdf\" >Wildcat Spain encounters democracy, 1977-1978 \u2013 libcom.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.uexpress.com\/georgie-anne-geyer\/1998\/9\/18\/spanish-democracy-dates-to-1978-constitution\" >Spanish Democracy Dates to 1978 Constitution \u2013 uexpress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Spain_(1975%E2%80%93present)\" >History of Spain (1975-present) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/december\/6\/newsid_2534000\/2534705.stm\" >ON THIS DAY: 6 December 1978: Spain set to vote for democracy \u2013 BBC \u2013 bbc.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>For some more pertinent information, see \u201c<\/em><strong>1987 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR,<em>\u201d mentioned above.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_program\" >Apollo program<\/a>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_8\" >Apollo 8<\/a><\/em> splashes down in the Pacific Ocean, ending the first orbital manned mission to the Moon.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong>China detonates its first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/596_%28nuclear_test%29\" >nuclear weapon<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lop_Nur#Lop_Nur_Nuclear_Weapons_Test_Base\" >Lop Nor (Lop Nur)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Lop Nor Nuclear Weapons Test Site:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/710\/\" >Lop Nor Nuclear Weapons Test Base \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/china\/facility\/lop_nor.htm\" >\u201c<em>US satellite intelligence imagery of 6-9 August 1964 showed that the previously suspect facility near Lop Nor in Sinkiang was almost certainly a nuclear testing site<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Base 21 Lop Nor \u2013 FAS.org<\/a>, <em><strong>or<\/strong> the same aticle on the website of<\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/china\/lop_nor.htm\" >org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/lop-nor.html\" >\u201c<em>Between 1964 and 1996, the People\u2019s Republic of China conducted 45 nuclear tests in Lop Nor, a lake region in the Western province of Xinjiang<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Lop Nor, China \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.drben.net\/ChinaReport\/Xinjiang_Uyghur_AR\/Bayin_Gholin\/Lop_Nor-Lop_Nuur-History.html\" >History of Lop Nor \u2013 The Shihezi Report<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/%7Efelixw\/research\/LopNor.html\" >Nuclear Explosion Location at the Lop Nor test site, China<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>China\u2019s Nuclear Weapon Programs:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_China\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of China \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/specials\/testing-times\/16-october-1964-first-chinese-nuclear-test\/\" >16 OCTOBER 1964 \u2013 FIRST CHINESE NUCLEAR TEST \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction\" >China and weapons of mass destruction \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/country-profiles\/china\/\" >China \u2013 Overview \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/key-issues\/nuclear-weapons\/issues\/proliferation\/china\/index.htm\" >China \u2013 NuclearFiles.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB26\/index.html\" >The Chinese Nuclear Weapons Program: Problems of Intelligence Collection and Analysis, 1964-1972\u2013 edited by William Burr \u2013 \u2013 published March 30, 2000 \u2013 GWU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/China\/ChinaArsenal.html\" >China\u2019s Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Present Capabilities \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/efogg\/Public\/chinanuclear.pdf\" >The China\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Program and its Threat to the United States and Her Allies, by Erik Fogg \u2013 December 6, 2006 \u2013 MIT.edu \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/project2049.net\/half_lives_china_nuclear_warhead_program.pdf\" >\u201c<em>As such, the People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC) is improving its nuclear deterrent to undermine the coercive effects of other countries nuclear weapons. The People\u2019s Liberation Army\u2019s (PLA) Second Artillery Force is building a next generation intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), and the PLA Navy is gradually working toward the goal of fielding nuclear submarines capable of launching a new submarine launched ballistic missile (SLBM)<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 HALVE LIVES: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT CHINA\u2019S NUCLEAR WARHEAD LIFE EXTENSION AND SAFETY PROGRAM \u2013 Project 2049 Institute \u2013 June 29, 2013 \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/china\/nuke\/index.html\" >\u201c<em>The first Chinese nuclear test was conducted at Lop Nor on 16 October 1964 (CHIC 1). It was a tower shot involving a fission device with a yield of 25 kilotons. Uranium 235 was used as the nuclear fuel, which indicates Beijing\u2019s choice of the path of creating high-yield nuclear weapons right away<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Nuclear Weapons \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearweaponarchive.org\/China\/ChinaTesting.html\" >China\u2019s Nuclear Weapons \u2013 China\u2019s Nuclear Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/world-nuclear.org\/info\/Country-Profiles\/Countries-A-F\/China--Nuclear-Power\/\" >Nuclear Power in China \u2013 WORLD NUCLEAR ASSOCIATION \u2013 World-Nuclear.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/soviet_policies_twrds_chinas_nuclear_weapons_prgm_1.pdf\" >THE NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION INTERNATIOAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES \u2013 Between Aid and Restriction: Changing Soviet Policies toward China\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Program: 1954-1960, by Zhihua Shen and Yafeng Xia \u2013 NPIHP Working Paper #2 \u2013 May 2012 \u2013 WilsonCenter.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2013-06-02\/china-nuclear-weapons-stock-grows-as-india-matches-pakistan-rise\" >China Nuclear Stockpile as India Matches Pakistan Rise, by Robert Wall \u2013 June 3, 2013 \u2013 Bloomberg.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/feature\/should-america-fear-chinas-nuclear-weapons-11046\" >Should America Fear China\u2019s Nuclear Weapons? ,by Robert Farley \u2013 August 10, 2014 \u2013 The National Interest \u2013 NationalInterest.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cave_of_Swallows\" >Cave of Swallows<\/a>, the largest known cave shaft in the world, is discovered in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aquism%C3%B3n\" >Aquism\u00f3n<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD\" >San Luis Potos\u00ed<\/a>, Mexico.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/events\/1961\/december_27_1961_124812.html\" >1961 Belgium and Congo resume diplomatic relations<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Belgian Congo:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgian_Congo\" >Belgian Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Belgian-Congo\" >Belgian Congo \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congo_Crisis\" >Congo Crisis \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thirdworldtraveler.com\/Blum\/Congo_KH.html\" >The Congo 1960-1964 \u2013 THE THIRD WORLD TRAVELER \u2013 TheThirdWorldTraveler.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/gah\/congo-civil-war-1960-1964\" >Congo Civil War 1960-1964 \u2013 BlackPast.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ultimatehistoryproject.com\/belgian-congo.html\" >\u201c<em>Of all African nations, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has had an especially tumultuous post-colonial experience.\u00a0 Formerly a Belgian colony, the DRC still faces violence in the eastern portion of the country as well as political, economic, and social instability throughout. There are many historical reasons for the DRC\u2019s instability but Belgian colonial education policies are a key cause of this instability<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Belgian Congo \u2013 Belgian Colonial Education Policy: A Poor Foundation for Stability \u2013 UltimateHistoryProject.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mercenary-wars.net\/congo\/\" >SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE: MERCENARY WARS \u2013 Congo 1960\/68 \u2013 Timeline and Archives of Pertinent Articles \u2013 MercenaryWars.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/frances-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >France performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/frnuks.shtml\" >Reggane<\/a>, Algeria.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>French Nuclear Tests in Reggane, Algeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reggane_series,_French_nuclear_tests\" >Reggane series, French nuclear tests \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/frnuks.shtml\" >Nuclear Weapons \u2013 French Atmospheric Nuclear Test Database \u2013 ZVIS.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/reggane.html\" >Reggane, Algeria \u2013 Nuclear weapons test site \u2013 The Nuclear Chain \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/forum.e-dz.com\/topic\/4636-reggane-france-tests-its-nuclear-bomb\/\" >Reggane, France Tests Its Nuclear Bomb \u2013 E-DZ Community \u2013 E-DZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerboise_Bleue\" >\u201c<em><strong>Gerboise Bleue<\/strong><\/em><em> (\u201cblue jerboa\u201d) was the name of the first French nuclear test. It was an atomic bomb detonated near Reggane, in the middle of the Algerian Sahara desert\u2026<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Gerboise Bleue \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/secretdefense.blogs.liberation.fr\/2010\/02\/13\/il-y-a-cinquante-ans-la-france-realisait-son-premier-essai-nucleaire\/\" >Il y a cinquante ans, la France r\u00e9alisait son premier essai nucl\u00e9aire \u2013 Jean-Dominique Merchet \u2013 13 f\u00e9vrier 2010 \u2013 Lib\u00e9ration<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dark-tourism.com\/index.php\/algeria\/15-countries\/individual-chapters\/256-in-ekker-and-reggane\" >\u201c<em>The two nuclear testing grounds that France used in the Sahara desert in Algeria for its first atomic bombs in the 1960s. The very first of France\u2019s A-bombs, code-named Gerboise Bleue, was detonated at the CSEM, Centre Saharien d\u2019Exp\u00e9rimentations Militaires (\u2018Saharan Military Experiments Center\u2019), near <\/em><strong><em>Reggane<\/em><\/strong><em> on 13 February 1960 \u2013 right in the middle of the Algerian War (cf. Algiers \u2013 war museum). It was followed by another four atmospheric tests at the site. After Algeria gained its independence in 1962, France still carried on nuclear testing in the Algerian desert (under some kind of a special agreement), but moved to a different site near <\/em><strong><em>In Ekker<\/em><\/strong><em>, where testing recommenced underground<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 IN EKKER AND REGGANE \u2013 Dark-Tourism.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Some Pertinent YouTube Videos:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fFf0ZSpTR6U&amp;index=2&amp;list=PLYk2KDpzKVbVHTuoTS5keP6OzrGXtGvJV\" >(0:54 sec.): French Nuclear Test in Reggane \/ Algeria \u2013 View on Google Satellite \/ edited by Hakim Tabi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8ExXXinuFc0\" >(2 min. 21 sec.) L\u2019abominable crime nucl\u00e9aire fran\u00e7ais de Reggane en Alg\u00e9rie<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZZ0udF-zokM\" >(2 min. 48 sec.)\u00a0: Essais nucl\u00e9aires fran\u00e7ais en Alg\u00e9rie\u00a0: Graves r\u00e9percussions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=82QYuYgkygA\" >(10 min. 38 sec.): La Bombe Nucl\u00e9aire: Images d\u00e9classifi\u00e9es Full HD<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qeJbnMmtmT8\" >(1 h. 33 min. 23 sec.)\u00a0: Algerie\u00a0: Nucl\u00e9aire Alg\u00e9rien, nouvelles r\u00e9velations explosives\u00a0!<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Pertinent Reports:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.assemblee-nationale.fr\/rap-oecst\/essais_nucleaires\/i3571.asp\" >RAPPORT SUR LES INCIDENCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES ET SANITAIRES DES ESSAIS NUCLEAIRES EFFECTUES PAR LA FRANCE ENTRE 1960 ET 1996 ET ELEMENTS DE COMPARAISON AVEC LES ESSAIS DES AUTRES PUISSANCES NUCLEAIRES \u2013 Par M. Christian BATAILLE, D\u00e9put\u00e9 Et M. Henri REVOL, S\u00e9nateur \u2013 OFFICE PARLEMENTAIRE D\u2019\u00c9VALUATION DES CHOIX SCIENTIFIQUES ET TECHNOLOGIQUES<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.senat.fr\/rap\/o97-179\/o97-1799.html\" >Chapitre II \u2013 LES PREMIERS ESSAIS FRAN\u00c7AIS AU SAHARA\u00a0: 1960-1966 \u2013 Bienvenue au S\u00e9nat \u2013 Senat.fr<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Radiation Contaminations in Reggane:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdfs\/HBWW_EN\/reggane_EN_web.pdf\" >\u201c<em>The French army conducted four atmospheric nuclear tests near Reggane, Algeria in 1960 and 1961, contaminating the Sahara desert with plutonium, exposing soldiers, workers and local Tuareg to radioactive fallout, and causing long-term health effects like cancer, infertility and genetic mutations<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Reggane, Algeria: Nuclear weapons test site \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/america.aljazeera.com\/articles\/2015\/3\/1\/algerians-suffering-from-french-atomic-legacy-55-years-after-nuclear-tests.html\" >Algerians suffering from French atomic legacy, 55 years after nuke tests, by Johnny Magdaleno \u2013 March 1, 2015 \u2013 Aljazeera America \u2013 Aljazeera.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.breakingthenuclearchain.org\/ippnw-poster-exhibition\/-\/asset_publisher\/r9B7\/content\/reggane-algeria-nuclear\" >Reggane, Algeria nuclear weapons test site \u2013 Breaking the Nuclear Chain \u2013 BreakingTheNuclearChina.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.earthisland.org\/yggdrasil\/algeria.pdf\" >The Aftermath of French Nuclear Testing in Algeria \u2013 EarthIsLand.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ennaharonline.com\/en\/news\/3241.atom\" >Algeria: radioactive waste of French nuclear testing in the open air \u2013 27 February, 2010 \u2013 Ennahar Online \u2013 EnnaharOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/ozatp-algeria-france-nuclear-idAFJOE6230HA20100304\" >French nuclear tests in Algeria leave toxic legacy \u2013 Thu Mar 4, 2010 \u2013 Reuters.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>France\u2019s Nuclear Tests:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/France\/FranceOrigin.html\" >France\u2019s Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Origin of the Force de Frappe<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/France\/FranceArsenalDev.html\" >France\u2019s Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Development of the Nuclear Arsenal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/france\/nuke.htm\" >France \u2013 Weapons of Mass Destruction \u2013 Nuclear Weapons \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Almanac\/Testing.shtml\" >Nuclear Test Sites \u2013 AtomicArchive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20140214-map-shows-huge-radiation-spread-french-saharan-nuclear-tests\/\" >Declassified files expose lies of French nuclear tests \u2013 France24.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/english.ohmynews.com\/articleview\/article_view.asp?menu=&amp;no=325785&amp;rel_no=1&amp;back_url=\" >History of French Nuclear Tests in the Pacific \u2013 Part I<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/english.ohmynews.com\/articleview\/article_view.asp?menu=&amp;no=327255&amp;rel_no=1&amp;back_url=\" >Part II<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/english.ohmynews.com\/articleview\/article_view.asp?no=339393&amp;rel_no=1\" >Part III<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/jul\/03\/french-nuclear-tests-polynesia-declassified\" >French nuclear tests \u2018showered vast area of Polynesia with radioactivity \u2013 3 July 2013 \u2013 The Guardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HdC1SaOATjs\" >YouTube video (16 min. 27 sec.): Nuclear Mentality \u2013 France<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_France\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of France \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesian_National_Revolution\" >Indonesian National Revolution<\/a>: The Netherlands officially recognizes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" >Indonesian<\/a> independence. End of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_East_Indies\" >Dutch East Indies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>History of Indonesia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Indonesia\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/indonesia\/3.htm\" >Indonesia \u2013 History \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indo.com\/indonesia\/history.html\" >History \u2013 BALI &amp; INDONESIA \u2013 Indo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.asianinfo.org\/asianinfo\/indonesia\/pro-history.htm\" >Indonesia\u2019s History and Background \u2013 AsianInfo.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/indonesia.html\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF INDONESIA \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/indonesia\/history\" >Indonesia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Indonesia-history.htm\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Indonesia\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/indonesia-history.html\" >Indonesia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indonesiapoint.com\/history-of-indonesia.html\" >History of Indonesia \u2013 IndonesiaPoint.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thejakartapost.com\/resources\/indonesian_history\" >Indonesian History \u2013 TheJakartaPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Indonesian_history\" >Timeline of Indonesian history \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-pacific-15114517\" >Indonesia country profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Indonesia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factbook.org\/factbook\/id.shtml\" >Indonesia \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a>, <em><strong>or<\/strong><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.net\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 Country Studies \u2013 The World Fact Book<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 Data \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/indonesia\/\" >Indonesia \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/indonesia.html\" >Indonesia \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Indonesia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Indonesia\" >Foreign relations of Indonesia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eastasiaforum.org\/2014\/02\/04\/indonesias-foreign-relations-policy-shaped-by-the-ideal-of-dynamic-equilibrium\/\" >Indonesia\u2019s foreign relations: policy shamed by the ideal of \u2018dynamic equilibrium\u2019, by Dewi Fortuna Anwar \u2013 4 February 2014 \u2013 EAST ASIA FORUM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/indonesia\/indonesian-foreign-policy\/p31071\" >Indonesian Foreign Policy \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_%28Indonesia%29\" >Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Indonesia and the United Nations:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia_and_the_United_Nations\" >Indonesia and the United Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.or.id\/en\/\" >Indonesia and the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.id.undp.org\/\" >UNDP Indonesia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/indonesiamission-ny.org\/pages\/HOME\" >Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations, New York<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mission-indonesia.org\/\" >Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations, WTO, and Other International Organizations in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Indonesia:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Indonesia\" >Economy of Indonesia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/indonesia-economy.html\" >Indonesia \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indonesiapoint.com\/business-and-economy-indonesia.html\" >Business &amp; Economy of Indonesia \u2013 IndonesiaPoint.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/indonesia\" >Indonesia \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adb.org\/countries\/indonesia\/economy\" >Indonesia \u2013 Economy \u2013 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Bank\" >World Bank<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Monetary_Fund\" >International Monetary Fund<\/a> are created with the signing of an agreement by 29 nations.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>World Bank and the IMF:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/\" >World Bank Group \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/index.htm\" >International Monetary Fund Home Page<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/np\/exr\/facts\/imfwb.htm\" >Factsheet: The World Bank and the IMF \u2013 IMF.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/exrp\/differ\/differ.htm\" >The World Bank and the IMF: How Do They Differ? , by David D. Driscoll \u2013 IFM.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Problems of the World Bank and the IMF:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalexchange.org\/resources\/wbimf\/reform\" >Why the World Bank Must Be Reformed and How Can We Do It \u2013 GlobalExchange.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/04\/09\/opinion\/how-to-fix-the-world-bank.html?_r=0\" >How to Fix the World Bank, by Thomas J. Bollyky \u2013 April 8, 2012 \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brettonwoodsproject.org\/\" >CRITICAL VOICES ON THE WORLD BANK AND THE IMF \u2013 Breton Woods Project \u2013 BretonWoodsProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/economics\/operational-problems-of-the-world-bank-and-imf-economics-essay.php\" >Operational Problems of the World Bank and the IMF: Economic Essay \u2013 UKEssays.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/15034376\/A_PROJECT_OF_THE_WORLD_BANK_OR_IMF_THAT_CREATED_PROBLEMS_FOR_THE_NATIONS_THAT_RECEIVED_ITS_ASSISTANCE\" >A PROJECT OF THE WORLD BANK OR IMF THAT CREATED PROBLEMS FOR THE NATIONS THAT RECEIVED ITS ASSISTANCE? , posted by Martin Nwadiugwu \u2013 downloadable<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Union_of_Pioneers_of_Yugoslavia\" >Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia<\/a> is founded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winter_War\" >Winter War<\/a>: Finland holds off a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> attack in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Kelja\" >Battle of Kelja<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Battel of Kelja (Winter War):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Kelja\" >Battle of Kelja \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.winterwar.com\/Battles\/Kelja.htm\" >The Battle of Kelja \u2013 25-27 December 1939 \u2013 winterwar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.winterwar.com\/battles.htm\" >Battles of Winter War \u2013 winerwar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Winter War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/war\/winter-war.htm\" >1939-1940 \u2013 Winter War \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/hyperwar\/UN\/USSR\/Sov_Finn-1939_Doctrine\/index.html\" >The Soviet-Finnish War, 1939-1940 Getting the Doctrine Right, by Major Gregory J. Bozek \u2013 iBiblio.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.feldgrau.com\/wwar.html\" >The Finnish Winter War 1939-1940, by Juha Ilo \u2013 Feldgrau.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.secondworldwarhistory.com\/winter-war-soviet-invasion-of-finland.asp\" >The Winter War \u2013 The Soviet Invasion of Finland Timeline (November 1939-March 1940) \u2013 SecondWorldWarHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2db.com\/battle_spec.php?battle_id=30\" >The Winter War \u2013 30 Nov 1939-13 Nov 1940, by Morgan Bell \u2013 World War II Database \u2013 WW2DB.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Commercial_Agreement_%281940%29\" >German-Soviet Commercial Agreement (1940) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/login?auth=0&amp;type=summary&amp;url=\/journals\/journal_of_military_history\/v072\/72.3.reese.pdf\" >Lessons of the Winter War: A Study in the Military Effectiveness of the Red Army, 1939\u20131940, by Roger R. Reese \u2013 JHU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Axis_talks\" >German-Soviet Axis talks \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Timelines of the Winter War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Winter_War\" >Timeline of the Winter War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/world-war-two\/world-war-two-and-eastern-europe\/the-winter-war-1939\/timeline-of-event\/\" >Timeline of the Winter War \u2013 History Learning Site \u2013 HistoryLearningSite.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states\" >Timeline of the occupation of the Baltic States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1939\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erzincan\" >Erzincan<\/a>, Turkey, is hit by an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1939_Erzincan_earthquake\" >earthquake<\/a>, killing 30,000.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1929\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >Soviet General Secretary<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Stalin\" >Joseph Stalin<\/a> orders the \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dekulakization\" >liquidation of the kulaks as a class<\/a>\u201d, ostensibly as an effort to spread socialism to the countryside.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Stalin\u2019s Liquidation of the Kulaks as a Class:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dekulakization\" >Dekulakization \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mtholyoke.edu\/courses\/rschwart\/hist151\/class_war_kulaks.htm\" >Forced Collectivization and the Liquidation of the Kulaks, 1929-1933. \u2013 mtholyoke.edu<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/kulaks.weebly.com\/what-happened-to-them.html\" >KULAKS \u2013 Liquidation of the Entire Class \u2013 kulaks.weebly.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/socialhistory.org\/en\/today\/12-27\/liquidation-kulaks\" >Liquidation of the Kulaks \u2013 socialhistory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.answers.com\/Q\/Why_did_Stalin_order_a_policy_of_liquidating_the_Kulaks?#slide=1\" >Why did Stalin order a policy of liquidating the Kulaks? \u2013 answers.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/soviethistory.msu.edu\/1929-2\/collectivization\/collectivization-texts\/stalin-on-the-liquidation-of-the-kulak\/\" >STALIN ON THE LIQUIDATION OF THE KULAK \u2013 msu.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greater_Poland_Uprising_%281918%E2%80%9319%29\" >Great Poland Uprising<\/a> against the Germans begins.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>History of Poland:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Poland\" >History of Poland \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Poland_%281916%E2%80%9318%29\" >Kingdom of Poland (1916-1918) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab01\" >HISTORY OF POLAND \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/poland\/history\" >Poland \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Poland\" >History of Poland \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/poland\/\" >Poland \u2013 HISTORY \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/poland.html\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF POLAND \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/vjw\/Poland.html\" >Poland \u2013 The Virtual Jewish World \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rootsweb.ancestry.com\/%7Epolwgw\/history.html\" >Timeline of Polish History \u2013 Roots Web \u2013 Ancestry.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/info-poland.buffalo.edu\/classroom\/maps\/task4.html\" >Historical Maps of Poland \u2013 Buffalo.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-17754512\" >Poland country profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Second Poland Republic:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.traveltopoland.com\/en\/history\/second-polish-republic.html?start=1\" >Second Polish Republic (1918-1939) \u2013 From democracy to authoritarian government \u2013 TravelToPoland.com<\/a>, <em><strong>and<\/strong><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.traveltopoland.com\/history\/second-polish-republic.html?aohc=&amp;pm=%3DY7p6W6y%2Fbe9kvv5x7ut&amp;h=3a50911aa9f1a3494d90651e2748edbccf2bbc90&amp;k=563348d39c1582218340.3251003&amp;ban=2218340&amp;zp=http%3A%2F%2Fzt1.zeroredirect1.com%2Fzcvisitor%2F77765fa2-7ef2-11e5-b59d-12fd62ce8bad&amp;time=1446201555\" >Second Polish Republic (1918-1939) \u2013 TravelToPoland.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/subtitle.clubfilm.ir\/index.php?q=uggcf%3A%2F%2Fra.jvxvcrqvn.bet%2Fjvxv%2FCevzr_Zvavfgre_bs_Cbynaq#Second_Republic\" >Second Republic \u2013 History of Poland (1918-1939) \u2013 ClubFilm.ir<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1831\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Darwin\" >Charles Darwin<\/a> embarks on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_voyage_of_HMS_Beagle\" >his journey<\/a> aboard the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Beagle\" >HMS <em>Beagle<\/em><\/a>, during which he will begin to formulate the theory of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evolution\" >evolution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1703\u00a0 <\/strong>Portugal and England sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Methuen_Treaty\" >Methuen Treaty<\/a> which gives preference to Portuguese imported <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wine\" >wines<\/a> into England.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1657\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flushing_Remonstrance\" >Flushing Remonstrance<\/a> is signed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DECEMBER 28<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia_AirAsia_Flight_8501\" >Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501<\/a> crashes into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karimata_Strait\" >Karimata Strait<\/a> en route from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juanda_International_Airport\" >Surabaya<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Changi_Airport\" >Singapore<\/a>, killing all 162 people aboard.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roboski_airstrike\" >Roboski airstrike<\/a>: Turkish warplanes bomb 34 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kurdish_people\" >Kurds<\/a> of Turkish nationality in the district of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uludere\" >Uludere<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arab_Spring\" >Arab Spring<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010%E2%80%9312_Algerian_protests\" >Popular protests<\/a> begin in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algeria\" >Algeria<\/a> against the government.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Arab Spring:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/guides.library.cornell.edu\/arab_spring\" >Arab Spring: A Research &amp; Study Guide \u2013 Cornell University Library \u2013 Cornell.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/arab-spring.html\" >Arab Spring \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/middleeast.about.com\/od\/humanrightsdemocracy\/a\/Definition-Of-The-Arab-Spring.htm\" >Definition of the Arab Spring \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2011\/12\/17\/143897126\/the-arab-spring-a-year-of-revolution\" >The Arab Spring: A Year of Revolution \u2013 NPR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Arab-Spring\" >Arab Spring \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2014\/jan\/16\/leader-2-arab-spring-tunisia-egypt\" >The Arab Spring, made in Tunisia, broken in Egypt \u2013 January 16, 2014 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-30003865\" >Who are the winners and losers of the Arab Spring? \u2013 12 November 2014 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.almanar.com.lb\/english\/adetails.php?eid=45439&amp;cid=31&amp;fromval=1\" >The Arab Spring: The Root Causes? , by Hamze Abbas Jamoul \u2013 Almanar.com.lb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/interactive\/2011\/mar\/22\/middle-east-protest-interactive-timeline\" >Arab spring: an interactive timeline of Middle East protests \u2013 March 22, 2011 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2012\/01\/02\/144489844\/timeline-the-major-events-of-the-arab-spring\" >Timeline: The Major Events in the Arab Spring \u2013 NPR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Arab_Spring\" >Timeline of the Arab Spring \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Arab Spring in Algeria:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fpif.org\/algeria_and_the_arab_spring\/\" >Algeria and the Arab Spring \u2013 Foreign Policy in Focus \u2013 FPIF.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010%E2%80%9312_Algerian_protests\" >2010-12 Algerian protest \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/Is%20Algeria%20the%20Odd%20One%20Out%20in%20the%20Arab%20Spring?\" >Is Algeria the Odd One Out in the Arab Spring? \u2013 August 21, 2013 \u2013 The Northern Africa Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/leaders\/21600984-even-if-arab-spring-has-sorely-disappointed-dictators-even-benevolent-ones-are-not\" >\u201c<em>Even if the Arab spring has sorely disappointed, dictators, even benevolent ones, are not the answer<\/em>\u201d \u2013 The Lesson of Algeria \u2013 Apr 19<sup>th<\/sup>, 2014 \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asithappens.spaces.wooster.edu\/arab-spring-in-algeria\/\" >Arab Spring in Algeria \u2013 February 20, 2014 \u2013 Wooster.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/rabah-ghezali\/why-has-the-arab-spring-n_b_844182.html\" >Why Has the Arab Spring Not Spread in Algeria? , by Rabah Ghezali \u2013 04\/-0\/2011 \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bloombergview.com\/articles\/2014-04-14\/algeria-s-forecast-arab-spring\" >Algeria\u2019s Forecast: Arab Spring, by Noah Feldman \u2013 Apr 14, 2014 \u2013 BoombergView.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctc.usma.edu\/posts\/algerian-foreign-policy-in-the-context-of-the-arab-spring\" >Algerian Foreign Policy in the Context of the Arab Spring, by Anauar Boukhars \u2013 January 14, 2014 \u2013 USMA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-algeria-arabspring-islamist-idUSTRE77H2LE20110818\" >Algeria \u201cnot immune to Arab spring revolt\u201d, by Lamine Chikhi \u2013 Thu Aug 18, 2011 \u2013 Reuters.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/programmes\/insidestory\/2012\/05\/201251465357500445.html\" >Is Algeria immune to the \u2018Arab Spring\u2019? \u2013 14 May 2012 \u2013 Aljazeera.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/publications\/issue-briefs\/no-arab-spring-for-algeria\" >No Arab Spring for Algeria \u2013 May 29, 2014 \u2013 Atlantic Council \u2013 AtlanticCouncil.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/login?auth=0&amp;type=summary&amp;url=\/journals\/journal_of_democracy\/v024\/24.3.volpi.html\" >Algeria vs. the Arab Spring, by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Volpi \u2013 JHU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Algeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ciaworldfactbook.us\/africa\/algeria.html\" >Algeria \u2013 The World Factbook \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Algeria\" >Algeria \u2013 Data \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Algeria\" >Algeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/algeria.html\" >Algeria \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/algeria\/\" >Algeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-14118852\" >Algeria country profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Algeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Algeria\" >History of Algeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/algeria-history.html\" >Algeria \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.algeria.com\/history\/\" >A Synopsis of Algeria\u2019s History \u2013 Algeria.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/algeria\/history\" >Algeria \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Algeria-history.htm\" >History of Algeria \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac92\" >HISTORY OF ALGERIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algerian_War\" >Algerian War (of Independence) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algerian_Civil_War\" >Algerian Civil War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/A-Bo\/Algeria.html\" >Culture of Algeria \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Culture_of_Algeria\" >Culture of Algeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/algeria\/l\/Bl-Algeria-Timeline-1.htm\" >Algeria Timeline \u2013 Part I: Prehistory to Colonization<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Economy of Algeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Algeria\" >Economy of Algeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/algeria-economy.html\" >Algeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.algeria.com\/economy\/\" >Algeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 Algeria.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/algeria\" >Algeria \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/algeria\/overview\" >Algeria \u2013 Overview \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/algeria\" >Algeria \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Algeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Algeria\" >Foreign relations of Algeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/algeria\/ri354\" >Algeria \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/8005.htm\" >US Relations with Algeria \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/algeria\/forrel.htm\" >Algeria \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arso.org\/Algerian_Foreign_Policy.doc\" >Some elements about the Algerian Foreign Policy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctc.usma.edu\/posts\/algerian-foreign-policy-in-the-context-of-the-arab-spring\" >ALGERIAN FOREIGN POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ARAB SPRING, by Anouar Boukhars \u2013 January 14, 2013 \u2013 USMA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/country-facts.com\/en\/country\/africa\/35-algeria\/69-algeria-foreign-relations-a-military.pdf\" >Algeria \u2013 Foreign Relations &amp; Military \u2013 Country-Facts.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Algeria and the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.int\/algeria\/\" >Permanent Mission of Algeria to the United Nations, New York<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/embassy-finder.com\/algeria_in_geneva_switzerland\" >Permanent Mission to the United Nations of Algeria in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009_Karachi_bombing\" >Forty-three people die in a suicide bombing<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karachi\" >Karachi<\/a>, Pakistan, where <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shia_Islam\" >Shia<\/a> Muslims are observing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Day_of_Ashura\" >Day of Ashura<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_in_Somalia_%282006%E2%80%9309%29\" >War in Somalia<\/a>: The militaries of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somalia\" >Somalia<\/a>\u2018s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transitional_Federal_Parliament\" >Transitional Federal Government<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethiopia\" >Ethiopian<\/a> troops <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fall_of_Mogadishu\" >capture Mogadishu<\/a> unopposed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong>US retail giant <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montgomery_Ward\" >Montgomery Ward<\/a> announces it is going out of business after 128 years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1988_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >(underground)<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1988:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1988_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1988 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bigpicture\/2009\/11\/kazakhstans_radioactive_legacy.html\" >Kazakhstan\u2019s radioactive legacy \u2013 Boston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wn.com\/semipalatinsk_test_site\" >\u201cMy home: nuclear base Semipalatinsk \u2013 21\u201d, Episode 02 \u201cMain Testing Field\u201d (Video: 3 min. 14 sec.) \u2013 WN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death In Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/carlwillis.wordpress.com\/2012\/08\/13\/visit-to-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\/\" >Visit to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 SPEICAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/appraisals\/semipalatinsk.asp\" >The Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan \u2013 IAEA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/732\/\" >Semipalatinsk Test Site \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/5988266\/the-tragic-story-of-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\" >The Tragic Story of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, by Vincze Mikl\u00f3s \u2013 io9.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/Sixty_Years_After_First_Soviet_Nuclear_Test_Legacy_Of_Misery_Lives_On\/1809712.html\" >60 Years After First Soviet Nuclear Test, Legacy Of Misery Lives On In Kazakhstan \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 Monday, August 10, 2015 \u2013 RFERL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8236431.stm\" >Soviet nuclear tests leave Kazakh fallout \u2013 Sunday, 6 September 2009 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/story\/2010\/02\/24\/ST2010022403314.html?sid=ST2010022403314\" >In Kazakhstan, the race for uranium goes nuclear, by Philip P. Pan \u2013 Thursday, February 25, 2005 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?17456\" >Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 NuclearNo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/listverse.com\/2012\/05\/15\/top-10-nuclear-test-sites\/\" >Top 10 Nuclear Test Sites, Michael Affleck, May 15, 2012 \u2013 Our World \u2013 ListVerse.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan\/Semipalatinsk:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reference.allrefer.com\/country-guide-study\/kazakhstan\/kazakhstan17.html\" >Kazakstan\/Kazakhstan \u2013 Environmental Problems \u2013 Reference.AllRefer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdfs\/HBWW_EN\/Semipalatinsk_EN_web.pdf\" >\u201cIn Semipalatinsk, the local population was exposed to high levels of radioactivity from nuclear weapon tests for several decades\u2026\u201d \u2013 Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Nuclear test site \u2013 Nuclear-Risk.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalatinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/key-issues\/nuclear-weapons\/issues\/testing\/PDFs\/JC-143920%5B1%5D.pdf\" >Radionuclide Contamination at Kazakhstan\u2019s Semipalatinsk Test Site Implications on Human and Ecological Heath, by T.M. Carlsen, L.E. Peterson, B.A. Ulsh, C.A. Werner, K.L.Purvis, A.C. Sharber<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nukefreetexas.org\/downloads\/plutominum_uranium_semipalatinsk_test_site.pdf\" >Plutonium and Uranium in Human Bones from Areas surrounding the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 NukeFreeTexas.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Asia-South-Central\/2013\/0828\/Secrets-of-Semipalatinsk-How-nuclear-theft-was-averted-in-Central-Asia\" >\u201cTheir research done on sample villages near the test site found cancer mortality rates 2-1\/2 times greater than those in a control village. The agency says some 356,000 people face radiation risk, with 70 percent of those being descendants of exposed villagers\u2026\u201d \u2013 Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cajgh.pitt.edu\/ojs\/index.php\/cajgh\/article\/view\/127\/0\" >Studies of Health Effects from Nuclear Testing near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Kazakhstan, by Bernd Grosche, Tamara Zhunussova, Kazbek Apsalikov, Ausrele Kesminiene<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/wasj\/wasj23%285%2913\/19.pdf\" >Information Report on Biological Studies Conducted At the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 IDOSI.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/articles\/PMC3866702\" >Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in the Semipalatinsk Historical Cohort, 1960 \u2013 1999, and its Relationship to Radiation Exposure \u2013 Europe PubMed Central<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>198<\/strong><strong>5\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >(underground)<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>US Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomcentral.com\/the-cold-war.aspx\" >The Cold War \u2013 AtomCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nuclear Weapons and the United States:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/231697.htm\" >Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verifications and Entry into Force of the CTBT \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/rls\/202015.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs \u2013 January 3, 2013 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2014\/04\/28-50-nuclear-facts\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons Today \u2013 April 28, 2014 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2012\/08\/the-future-of-the-us-nuclear-triad\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Michaela Dodge \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/1997_05\/nas\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Policy \u2013 Arms Control Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252183576_The_Future_of_the_U.S._Nuclear_Weapons_Program\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Linton F. Brooks \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/233254.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 Rose Gottemoeller, Under Secretary\u00a0for Arms Control and International Security, \u00a0Dixie State University, St. George, Utah \u2013 October 21, 2014 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archure.net\/liberty\/nukenevada.html\" >NUKE TESTING in NEVADA \u2013 Archure.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cdclv.unlv.edu\/healthnv\/environment.html\" >Environment and the Quality of Life in Nevada \u2013 UNLV.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" ><em>ECONLGOY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH NARRATIVE SUMMARY, KEY WORD INDEX, AND SPECIES LISTS<\/em> \u2013 DOE\/NEV\/11718-594<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osti.gov\/scitech\/biblio\/6458066\" ><em>Nevada Applied Ecology Information Center: a review of technical information support provided to the Nevada Applied Ecology Group<\/em><em> \u2013<\/em> Sci-Tech Connect<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ecologycenter.org\/terrainmagazine\/summer-2002\/sovereignty-at-shoshone-mountain\/\" >\u201c<em>Between 1951 and 1992, the United States bombed its own soil with nuclear weapons \u2014 945 times. All but 17 of those explosions took place on a stretch of basin-and-range desert northwest of Las Vegas called the Nevada Test Site (NTS),\u2026<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Sovereignty at Shoshone Mountain \u2013 EcologyCenter.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/%7Eota\/disk1\/1989\/8909\/8909.PDF\" ><em>The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions<\/em> \u2013 Princeton.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1988 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1985 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endangered_Species_Act\" >Endangered Species Act<\/a> is passed in the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1988 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Il-sung\" >Kim Il-sung<\/a>, already <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Premiers_of_North_Korea\" >Prime Minister of North Korea<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Secretary_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea\" >First Secretary of the Workers\u2019 Party of Korea<\/a>, becomes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_North_Korea\" >President of North Korea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1988 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1957<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High-altitude_nuclear_explosion\" >atmospheric nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a>, USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1957:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1957_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1957 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovatmtest.html\" >Soviet Atmospheric Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/ussrnuks.shtml\" >USSR Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Database \u2013 Zvis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1956\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chin_Peng\" >Chin Peng<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Marshall_%28Singaporean_politician%29\" >David Marshall<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman\" >Tunku Abdul Rahman<\/a> meet in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baling\" >Baling<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federation_of_Malaya\" >Malaya<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baling_Talks\" >try and resolve<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malayan_Emergency\" >Malayan Emergency<\/a> situation.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Malayan Emergency:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Malayan-Emergency\" >\u201c<em><strong>Malayan Emergency,<\/strong><\/em><em>(1948\u201360), period of unrest following the creation of the Federation of Malaya (precursor of Malaysia) in 1948<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Malayan Emergency \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/wars_malaya.html\" >\u201c<em>Malaya in 1947 was made up of various ethnic groups; to understand many aspects of the emergency it is helpful to understand the background of these groups<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The Malayan Emergency \u2013 HistoryOfWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.awm.gov.au\/atwar\/malayan-emergency\/\" >Malayan Emergency 1950-60 \u2013 AUSTRALIAN WAR MEMORIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nam.ac.uk\/exhibitions\/online-exhibitions\/malayan-emergency\" >THE MALAYAN EMERGENCY \u2013 National Army Museum \u2013 NAM.ac.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historywarsweapons.com\/malayan-emergency\/\" >\u201c<em>The Malayan Emergency was an ideological armed conflict which was fought between a communist insurgent army of Malaya and the Commonwealth armed forces, from 1948 to 1960. The guerrilla army which started the war against the colonial government was the Malayan Communist Party\u2019s military arm, which was called Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA).<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Malayan Emergency \u2013 HistoryWarsWeapons.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pressurepointdefensivetactics.com\/malayan-emergency\/\" >Malayan Emergency \u2013 PressurePointDefensiveTactics.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/se-asia.commemoration.gov.au\/background-to-malayan-emergency\/causes-and-description.php\" >THE MALAYAN EMERGENCY (1948-60): Background \u2013 Commemoration.gov.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nzhistory.net.nz\/war\/the-malayan-emergency\" >MALAYAN EMERGENCY \u2013 NZHistory.net.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britishpathe.com\/video\/malayan-emergency\" >Malayan Emergency (1950-1959): Video (7 min. 13 sec.): British Path\u00e9 \u2013 BritishPathe.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/search\/malayan+emergency\" >MALAYAN EMERGENCY \u2013 Tumblr.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Malaysia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.malaysiahistory.net\/\" >Malaysia History \u2013 MalaysiaHistory.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Malaysia\" >History of Malaysia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/malaysia-history.html\" >Malaysia \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/malaysia\/history\" >Malaysia \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/malaysia\/p\/malaysiaprof.htm\" >Malaysia | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.2malaysia.com\/history.htm\" >MALAYSIA HISTORY \u2013 2Malaysia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Malaysia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/malaysia.htm\" >Malaysia \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 The World Bank<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 Data \u2013 The World Bank<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/topics\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographia.com\/malaysia\/\" >Malaysia \u2013 Geographia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/malaysia\" >Malaysia \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tourism.gov.my\/en\/intl\" >Malaysia \u2013 Official Website of Tourism<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: After eight days of brutal <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urban_warfare\" >house-to-house fighting<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Ortona\" >Battle of Ortona<\/a> concludes with the victory of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1st_Canadian_Infantry_Division\" >1st Canadian Infantry Division<\/a> over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1st_Parachute_Division_%28Germany%29\" >German 1st Parachute Division<\/a> and the capture of the Italian town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ortona\" >Ortona<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Battle of Ortona:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/world-war-2.wikia.com\/wiki\/Battle_of_Ortona\" >Battle of Ortona \u2013 Wikia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/canadiansoldiers.com\/history\/battlehonours\/italiancampaign\/ortona.htm\" >Ortona \u2013 CanadianSoldiers.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\/en\/article\/battle-of-ortona\/\" >Battle of Ortona \u2013 CanadianEncyclopedia.ca<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.flamesofwar.com\/hobby.aspx?art_id=251\" >The Battle for Ortona \u2013 FlamesOfWar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/battleofortona.weebly.com\/\" >BATTLE OF ORTONA \u2013 HOME \u2013 CAUSES \u2013 COMPONENTS \u2013 CONSEQUENCES \u2013 CANDA\u2019S ROLE \u2013 PRIMARY DOCUMENT ANALYSIS \u2013 Weebly.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hfdgames.com\/ortona.html\" >CHRISTMAS IN HELL \u2013 The Battle of Ortona: December 22-29, 1943 \u2013 HFDgames.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.warhistoryonline.com\/war-articles\/canada-war-battle-ortona-2.html\" >\u201c<em>For the Canadians, Ortona was the bloodiest battle of the Italian Campaign to date. The once pisturesque ancient village on the Adriatic coast has been reduce to rubble. Canadian and German troops clash daily, in bitter, house-to-house fighting. Snipers, booby traps and land mines were a constant threat as every building gained brought about a terrible cost in blood<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Canada at War: The Battle of Ortona \u2013 WarHistoryOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ortonabattle.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/what-happened-during-battle-of-ortona_3283.html\" >The Battle Of Ortona \u2013 BlogSpot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1941\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Anthropoid\" >Operation Anthropoid<\/a>, the plot to assassinate high-ranking <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazism\" >Nazi<\/a> officer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reinhard_Heydrich\" >Reinhard Heydrich<\/a>, commences.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Operation Anthropoid:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.army.cz\/images\/id_7001_8000\/7419\/assassination-en.pdf\" >ASSASSINATION: OPERATION ANTHROPOID 1941-1942, by Michal BURIAN, Ale\u0161 KN\u00cd\u017dEK, Ji\u0159\u00ed RAJLICH, Eduard STEHL\u00cdK \u2013 PRAGUE 2002 \u2013 Army.cz \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ww2inprague.com\/operatin-anthropoid\" >Operation Anthropoid \u2013 WW2InPrague.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.holocaustresearchproject.org\/nazioccupation\/heydrichkilling.html\" >The Assassination of Reinhard Heydrich \u2013 HolocaustResearchProject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heydrich1942.com\/\" >\u201c<em>Operation Anthropoid was the code name for the plan to assassinate Nazi Obergruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich in 1942.\u00a0Many called Heydrich The Hangman of Prague.\u00a0Others called him The Blonde Beast. Heydrich had been installed as Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, with his office being based at the Hradcany Castle in Prague. Two soldiers from the Czechoslovak Army based in Britain were assigned to Operation Anthropoid.<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Heydrich1942.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historywarsweapons.com\/operation-anthropoid\/\" >Operation Anthropoid \u2013 HistoryWarsWeapons.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.militaryhistorytours.co.uk\/tours\/third-reich\/operation-anthropoid-prague-heydrich\/\" >OPERATION ANTHROPOID \u2013 MilitaryHistoryTours.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/search\/operation%20anthropoid\" >OPERATION ANTHROPOID \u2013 Tumbrl.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constance_Markievicz\" >Constance Markievicz<\/a>, while detained in Holloway prison, became the first woman to be elected <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Member_of_Parliament#United_Kingdom\" >MP<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom\" >British House of Commons<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1908\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1908_Messina_earthquake\" >earthquake of magnitude 7.2<\/a> rocks <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Messina\" >Messina, Sicily<\/a>, Italy killing over 75,000.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1895\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen\" >Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen<\/a> publishes a paper detailing his discovery of a new type of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radiation\" >radiation<\/a>, which later will be known as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/X-ray\" >x-rays<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1885\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_National_Congress\" >Indian National Congress<\/a>, a political party of India is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombay_Presidency\" >Bombay Presidency<\/a>, British India.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1867\u00a0 <\/strong>United States claims <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Midway_Atoll\" >Midway Atoll<\/a>, the first territory annexed outside Continental limits.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/events\/1836\/december_28_1836_50515.html\" >1836<\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spiritus-temporis.com\/1836\/\" >Spain recognizes the independence of Mexico<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>History of Mexico:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Mexico\" >History of Mexico \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Mexico\" >History of Mexico \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/mexico\" >MEXICO \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa79\" >HISTORY OF MEXICO \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.destination360.com\/north-america\/mexico\/history\" >Mexican History \u2013 Destination360.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mexperience.com\/lifestyle\/history-of-mexico\/\" >History of Mexico \u2013 Mexperience.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mexicanhistory.org\/\" >Mexican History \u2013 MexicanHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.facts-about-mexico.com\/history-of-mexico.html\" >The History of Mexico \u2013 Facts-About-Mexico.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ueinternational.org\/Mexico_info\/Mexico_history.php\" >A Brief History of Mexico \u2013 UEInternational.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Independence of Mexico from Spain:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Some sources show different dates when Mexico gained its independence. For instance, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gospain.about.com\/od\/factsaboutspain\/f\/mexico_independence.htm\" >com shows September 27, 1821<\/a>, while <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/spain-accepts-mexican-independence\" >History.com indicates \u201cSpain accepts Mexican independence\u201d on August 24, 1821<\/a>. TWH (This Week in History) takes the date Wikipedia shows, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_attempts_to_reconquer_Mexico#Battle_of_Tampico\" >December 28, 1836, as mentioned below<\/a>. Both <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/events\/1836\/december_28_1836_50515.html\" >Brainy History<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spiritus-temporis.com\/1836\/\" >Spiritus-Temporis<\/a> also indicate \u201cDecember 28, 1836\u201d. Note that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.presidiolabahia.org\/mex_ind.htm\" >Mexico\u2019s Independence Day as a national day is September 16<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_attempts_to_reconquer_Mexico#Battle_of_Tampico\" >\u201c<em>Finally On December 28, 1836, Spain recognized the independence of Mexico under the Santa Mar\u00eda\u2013Calatrava Treaty, signed in Madrid by the Mexican Commissioner Miguel Santa Mar\u00eda and the Spanish state minister Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Calatrava<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Battle of Tamprico \u2013 Spanish attempts to reconquer Mexico \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/chnm.gmu.edu\/declaration\/vazquez.html\" >The Mexican Declaration of Independence, by Josefina Zoraida V\u00e1zquez \u2013 GMU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mexperience.com\/lifestyle\/history-of-mexico\/independence-from-spain\/\" >Independence from Spain \u2013 Mexperience.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tamu.edu\/faculty\/ccbn\/dewitt\/mexicanrev.htm\" >Mexican Independence \u2013 TAMU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.studymode.com\/essays\/Mexican-Independence-From-Spain-163844.html\" >Mexican Independence from Spain \u2013 StudyMode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Mexican_Empire\" >Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexican_War_of_Independence\" >Mexican War of Independence \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/mexican-war-of-independence-begins\" >SEP 16,1810: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Mexican War of Independence begins \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/tshaonline.org\/handbook\/online\/articles\/qdmcg\" >MEXICAN WAR OF INDPENDENCE \u2013 TSHAOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.donquijote.org\/culture\/mexico\/history\/mexican-independence\" >\u201c<em>The Mexican war of Independence began in 1810, when the nontraditional Father Miguel Hidalgo (1753-1811), a Creole priest known for gambling, having children out of wedlock, and tirelessly working with indigenous and mestizo communities to achieve economic sustainability, called for revolution in the town of Dolores on September 16<sup>th<\/sup><\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Mexican War of Independence \u2013 Donquijote.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1836\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Australia\" >South Australia<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adelaide\" >Adelaide<\/a> are founded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1835\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osceola\" >Osceola<\/a> leads his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seminole\" >Seminole<\/a> warriors in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florida\" >Florida<\/a> into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Seminole_War\" >Second Seminole War<\/a> against the United States Army.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1824\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bathurst_War\" >Bathurst War<\/a> comes to an end with the surrender of the Wiradjuri.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DECEMBER 29<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_2013_Volgograd_bombings\" >suicide bomb attack<\/a> at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volgograd_railway_station\" >Volgograd-1 railway station<\/a> in the southern Russian city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volgograd\" >Volgograd<\/a> kills at least 18 people and wounds 40 others.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>UK settles its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-American_loan\" >Anglo-American loan<\/a>, post-WWII loan debt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong>The last known speaker of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Akkala_Sami_language\" >Akkala Sami<\/a> dies, rendering the language extinct.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>Leaders of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khmer_Rouge\" >Khmer Rouge<\/a> apologize for the 1970s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genocide\" >genocide<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodia\" >Cambodia<\/a> that claimed over one million lives.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong>Hong Kong begins to kill all the nation\u2019s 1.25 million chickens to stop the spread of a potentially deadly <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Influenza\" >influenza<\/a> strain.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guatemala\" >Guatemala<\/a> and leaders of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guatemalan_National_Revolutionary_Unity\" >Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity<\/a> sign a peace accord ending a 36-year <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guatemalan_Civil_War\" >civil war<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Guatemala:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/gt.html\" >GUATEMALA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Guatemala\" >Guatemala \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Guatemala\" >Guatemala \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/guatemala.html\" >Guatemala \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19635877\" >Guatemala country profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Guatemala:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Guatemala\" >Foreign relations of Guatemala \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/guatemala\/ri333\" >Guatemala \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2045.htm\" >US Relations With Guatemala \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/historicaldocuments\/frus1952-54Guat\/d33\" >Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952-1954 Retrospective Volume, Guatemala, Document 33 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Guatemala:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Guatemala\" >History of Guatemala \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac12\" >HISTORY OF GUATEMALA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/guatemala\/history\" >Guatemala \u2013 History \u2013 LonleyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsencyclopedia.com\/Americas\/Guatemala-HISTORY.html\" >Guatemala \u2013 History \u2013 NationsEncyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.travelingguatemala.com\/history.htm\" >Guatemala history \u2013 TravelingGuatemala.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19636725\" >Guatemala profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Guatemala:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Guatemala\" >Economy of Guatemala \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/guatemala\" >Guatemala \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/guatemala\" >Guatemala \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/guatemala\" >Guatemala \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fernando_Collor_de_Mello\" >Fernando Collor de Mello<\/a>, president of Brazil, tries to resign amidst corruption charges, but is then impeached.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>Riots break-out after Hong Kong decides to forcibly repatriate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\" >Vietnamese<\/a> refugees.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>US announces withdrawal from UNESCO.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Withdrawal of the United States from UNESCO:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/1983\/1229\/122919.html\" >Dissatisfied with UNESCO, US gives notice of withdrawal, by Danial Southerland \u2013 December 29, 1983 \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor \u2013 CSMonitor.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1983\/12\/30\/world\/us-is-quitting-unesco-affirms-backing-for-un.html\" >US IS QUITTING UNESCO, AFFIRMS BACKING FOR UN, by Bernard Gwertzman \u2013 December 30, 1983 \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/1984\/12\/unesco-time-to-leave\" >\u201c<em>In December 1983, the United States served notice on the United Nations Educational, scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) that it intended to leave that organization at the end of 1984. The time to implement that decision has now come<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 UNESCO \u2013 Time To Leave \u2013 12\/10\/84 68 \u2013 Heritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20692815?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\" >THE UNITED STATES WITHDRAWAL FROM UNESCO \u2013 American Society of International Law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1984\/12\/20\/world\/text-of-statement-by-us-on-its-withdrawal-from-unesco.html\" >TEXT OF STATEMENT BY US ON ITS WITHDRAWAL FROM UNESCO \u2013 December 20, 1984 \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregory_J._Newell\" >\u201c<em>In 1983 through 1985, Newell criticized UNESCO for inefficient managing of funds and becoming unduly politicized, backing liberation groups such as the Palestine Liberation Organization and attacking press freedoms\u2026. Newell said the US would rejoin UNESCO if it returns to its original purpose. President Reagan agreed and the U.S. pulled out of UNESCO in 1985 (to return later under George W. Bush)<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Gregory J. Newell \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong>A bomb <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LaGuardia_Airport#Accidents_and_incidents\" >explodes<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LaGuardia_Airport\" >LaGuardia Airport<\/a> in New York City, killing 11 people and injuring 74.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_Air_Lines_Flight_401\" >Eastern Air Lines Flight 401<\/a> (a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lockheed_L-1011_TriStar\" >Lockheed L-1011 TriStar<\/a>) crashes on approach to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miami_International_Airport\" >Miami International Airport<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florida\" >Florida<\/a>, killing 101.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong>Physicist <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Feynman\" >Richard Feynman<\/a> gives a speech entitled \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/There%27s_Plenty_of_Room_at_the_Bottom\" >There\u2019s Plenty of Room at the Bottom<\/a>\u201c, which is regarded as the birth of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanotechnology\" >nanotechnology<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KC2XAK\" >KC2XAK<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bridgeport,_Connecticut\" >Bridgeport, Connecticut<\/a> becomes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ultra_high_frequency\" >Ultra high frequency<\/a> (UHF) television station to operate a daily schedule.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: In the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Great_Fire_of_London\" >Second Great Fire of London<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luftwaffe\" >Luftwaffe<\/a> fire-bombs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London\" >London, England<\/a>, UK, killing almost 200 civilians.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1937\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Free_State\" >Irish Free State<\/a> is replaced by a new state called <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Ireland\" >Ireland<\/a> with the adoption of a new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Ireland\" >constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Irish Free State:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Free_State#Historical_background\" >Historical background \u2013 Irish Free State \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/events\/northern_ireland\/history\/64206.stm\" >1921-22: Irish Free State and the civil war \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iol.ie\/%7Edluby\/history.htm\" >Liberation of Ireland \u2013 IOL.ie<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.motorlaunchpatrol.net\/history\/post_war\/irish_free_state\/\" >ML\u2019s Service in the Irish Free State \u2013 MotorLaunchPatrol.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Ireland:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wesleyjohnston.com\/users\/ireland\/past\/history\/19191921.html\" >History of Ireland \u2013 WesleyJohnston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Ireland\" >History of Ireland \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac70\" >HISTORY OF IRELAND \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/irehist.html\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF IRELAND \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Ireland\" >History of Ireland \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.destination360.com\/europe\/ireland\/history\" >Ireland History \u2013 Destination360.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oracleireland.com\/Ireland\/history\/history.htm\" >History of Ireland \u2013 OracleIreland.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irelandseye.com\/aarticles\/history\/events\/index.shtm\" >Events in Irish History \u2013 IrelandsEye.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yourirish.com\/history\/\" >History \u2013 YourIrish.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/genealogypro.com\/articles\/Irish-history.html\" >A Brief History of Ireland, by John Howell \u2013 GenealogyPro.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>From Irish Civil War to the Irish War of Independence:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Civil_War#Background\" >Background \u2013 <strong>Irish Civil War <\/strong>\u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/theirishwar.com\/history\/irish-civil-war\/\" >The Irish War \u2013 theirishwar.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bobrowen.com\/nymas\/irishcivilwar.html\" >The Irish Civil War, 1922-1923 \u2013 bobrowen.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theirishstory.com\/2012\/07\/02\/the-irish-civil-war-a-brief-overview\/\" >The Irish Civil War \u2013 A brief overview \u2013 The Irish Story \u2013 irishstory.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yourirish.com\/history\/20th-century\/irish-civil-war\" >The Irish Civil War 1922-1923 \u2013 yourirish.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.askaboutireland.ie\/learning-zone\/primary-students\/subjects\/history\/history-the-full-story\/ireland-the-early-20th-ce\/irish-civil-war\/\" >Irish Civil War \u2013 askaboutireland.ie<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/cabinetpapers\/themes\/irish-civil-war.htm\" >Irish Civil War \u2013 nationalarchives.gov.uk<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=k9ayLHPLROg\" >The Irish Civil War 1922-1923 \u2013 YouTube video (5 min. 02 sec.)<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Irish_Civil_War\" >Timeline of the Irish Civil War \u2013 Wikipedia.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.conservapedia.com\/Irish_Free_State\" >Irish Free State \u2013 conservapedia.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Irish War of Independence:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theirishstory.com\/2012\/09\/18\/the-irish-war-of-independence-a-brief-overview\/\" >The Irish War of Independence \u2013 A Brief Overview \u2013 TheIrishHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Irish-War-of-Independence\" >Irish War of Independence \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/theirishwar.com\/history\/irish-war-of-independence\/\" >Irish War of Independence \u2013 THE IRISH WAR \u2013 TheIrishWar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.askaboutireland.ie\/learning-zone\/primary-students\/subjects\/history\/history-the-full-story\/ireland-the-early-20th-ce\/the-war-of-independence\/\" >The War of Independence \u2013 AskAboutIreland.ie<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/easterrising\/aftermath\/af04.shtml\" >The Anglo-Irish War \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Irish_War_of_Independence\" >Timeline of the Irish War of Independence \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1934\u00a0 <\/strong>Japan renounces the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_Naval_Treaty\" >Washington Naval Treaty<\/a> of 1922 and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London_Naval_Treaty\" >London Naval Treaty<\/a> of 1930.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Naval Disarmament Treaties:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pwencycl.kgbudge.com\/N\/a\/Naval_Disarmament_Treaties.htm\" >Naval Disarmament Treaties \u2013 The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pediaview.com\/openpedia\/Washington_Naval_Treaty\" >Washington Naval Treaty \u2013 PediaView.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1921-1936\/naval-conference\" >The Washington Naval Conference, 1921-1922 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/totallyhistory.com\/washington-naval-conference\/\" >Washington Naval Conference \u2013 TotallyHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/naval-arms-control-1935.htm\" >London Naval Conference (December 1935- March 1936) \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/search\/london%20naval%20treaty\" >London naval treaty \u2013 Tumblr.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/japan\/31.htm\" >Diplomacy \u2013 Japan \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwar1atsea.net\/WW2MiscPreWar.htm\" >Timeline \u2013 Political and Naval 1919\/1921 \u2013 1939<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Washington Naval Treaty of 1922:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/pha\/pre-war\/1922\/nav_lim.html\" >Treaty Between the United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy, and Japan, Signed at Washington, February 6, 1922<\/a>, <em><strong>or <\/strong>the same text on this site:<\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2ships.com\/documents\/doc0003-wash1922.shtml\" >THE 1922 WASHINGTON NAVAL TREATY \u2013 WW2Ships.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>London Naval Treaty of 1930:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.microworks.net\/pacific\/road_to_war\/london_treaty.htm\" >International Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament of 1933<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1930\u00a0 <\/strong>Sir <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Iqbal\" >Muhammad Iqbal<\/a>\u2018s presidential address in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allahabad\" >Allahabad<\/a> introduces the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Two-nation_theory\" >two-nation theory<\/a> and outlines a vision for the creation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Portrait_of_the_Artist_as_a_Young_Man\" >A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man<\/a><\/em>, the first novel by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Joyce\" >James Joyce<\/a>, was first published as a book by an American publishing house B. W. Huebschis after it had been serialized in <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Egoist_%28periodical%29\" >The Egoist<\/a><\/em> (1914\u201315).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sun_Yat-sen\" >Sun Yat-sen<\/a> becomes the provisional President of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_China_%281912%E2%80%9349%29\" >Republic of China<\/a>; he formally takes office on January 1, 1912.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mongolia\" >Mongolia<\/a> gains independence from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qing_dynasty\" >Qing dynasty<\/a>, enthroning <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bogd_Khan\" >9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu<\/a> as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khagan_of_Mongolia\" >Khagan of Mongolia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1895\u00a0 <\/strong>The botched <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jameson_Raid\" >Jameson Raid<\/a> began in Johannesburg.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1890\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wounded_Knee_Massacre\" >Wounded Knee Massacre<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pine_Ridge_Indian_Reservation\" >Pine Ridge Indian Reservation<\/a>, 300 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lakota_people\" >Lakota<\/a> killed by the United States <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7th_Cavalry_Regiment\" >7th Cavalry Regiment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1874\u00a0 <\/strong>The military coup of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez-Campos_y_Ant%C3%B3n\" >Gen. Martinez Campos<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sagunto\" >Sagunto<\/a> ends the failed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Spanish_Republic\" >First Spanish Republic<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfonso_XII_of_Spain\" >Prince Alfonso<\/a> is proclaimed King of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spain\" >Spain<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1860\u00a0 <\/strong>The first British seagoing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ironclad_warship\" >ironclad warship<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Warrior_%281860%29\" >HMS\u00a0<em>Warrior<\/em><\/a> is launched.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1851\u00a0 <\/strong>The first American <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YMCA\" >YMCA<\/a> opens in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boston\" >Boston, Massachusetts<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1835\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_New_Echota\" >Treaty of New Echota<\/a> is signed, ceding all the lands of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cherokee\" >Cherokee<\/a> east of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mississippi_River\" >Mississippi River<\/a> to the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DECMEBER 30<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>More than 100 people are killed when anti-government forces <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_2013_Kinshasa_attacks\" >attack<\/a> key buildings in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kinshasa\" >Kinshasa<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>Owing to a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samoa_Time_Zone\" >change of time zone<\/a> the day is skipped in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samoa\" >Samoa<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tokelau\" >Tokelau<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>A suicide bomber <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camp_Chapman_attack\" >kills<\/a> nine people at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forward_Operating_Base_Chapman\" >Forward Operating Base Chapman<\/a>, a key facility of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Intelligence_Agency\" >Central Intelligence Agency<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>A segment of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lanzhou%E2%80%93Zhengzhou%E2%80%93Changsha_pipeline\" >Lanzhou\u2013Zhengzhou\u2013Changsha pipeline<\/a> ruptures in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shaanxi\" >Shaanxi<\/a>, China, and approximately 150,000\u00a0l (40,000\u00a0US\u00a0gal) of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diesel_fuel\" >diesel oil<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_River_oil_spill\" >flows down<\/a> the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wei_River\" >Wei River<\/a> before finally reaching the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_River\" >Yellow River<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>Former <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Iraq\" >President of Iraq<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saddam_Hussein\" >Saddam Hussein<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein\" >is executed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Saddam Hussein\u2019s Execution:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein\" >Execution of Saddam Hussein &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/saddam-hussein-executed\/\" >Saddam Hussein Executed \u2013 cbsnews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Saddam Hussein:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Saddam-Hussein\" >Saddam Hussein \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/people\/hussein-saddam.html\" >Saddam Hussein \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.biography.com\/people\/saddam-hussein-9347918#%21\" >Saddam Hussein \u2013 Biography.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/people\/h\/saddam_hussein\/index.html\" >Saddam Hussein \u2013 News Archive \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Saddam Hussein\u2019s Trial:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topdocumentaryfilms.com\/trial-saddam-hussein\/\" >The Trial of Saddam Hussein \u2013 TOP DOCUMENTARY FILMS \u2013 TopDocumentaryFilms.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2003\/12\/14\/try-saddam-international-court-0\" >Try Saddam in an International Court \u2013 December 14, 2003 \u2013 Human Rights Watch<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.commondreams.org\/views\/2003\/12\/19\/saddam-should-face-international-court\" >Saddam Should Face International Court, by Helen Thomas \u2013 Friday, December 19, 2003 \u2013 CommonDreams.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/weta\/crossroads\/about\/show_trial.html\" >Did the Iraqi dictator receive a fair trial? \u2013 THE TRIAL OF SADDAM HUSSEIN \u2013 AMERICA AT A CROSSROADS \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/davidduke.com\/the-illegal-trial-of-saddam-hussein\/\" >The Illegal Trial of Saddam Hussein \u2013 December 11, 2006 \u2013 DavidDuke.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.icj.org\/iraq-trial-of-saddam-hussein-icj-urges-fundamental-rethink-if-all-participants-cannot-be-effectively-protected\/\" >\u201c<em>Already two defence lawyers are dead, one has fled, scores of witnesses appear to be too frightened to give evidence and eight people have been reportedly arrested for planning to kill an investigative judge\u201d, said Nicholas Howen, Secretary-General of the ICJ [International Commission of Jurists]. These serious developments further reduce the credibility of the trial. They make it increasingly difficult for the Court to deliver a calm, fair and just trial<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 International Commission of Jurists<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sott.net\/article\/124070-The-Capture-Trial-and-Conviction-of-Saddam-Hussein-Another-US-Intelligence-Farce\" >\u201c<em>Furthermore, Saddam\u2019s lawyers claimed that they had been denied access to their client and that they had received death threats from members of the Iraqi government. While no mainstream media outlet at the time offered an explanation of these strange occurrences, logic would suggest that there is something about the man that appeared in court that the US military did not want the Iraqi people and the rest of the world, to see, or hear.<\/em>\u201d \u2013 The Capture, Trial and Conviction of Saddam Hussein \u2013 Another US Intelligence Farce, by Joe Quinn \u2013 Thu, 28 Dec 2006 \u2013 Sott Focus \u2013 Sott.net<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>The Indonesian passenger ferry <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MV_Senopati_Nusantara\" >MV\u00a0<em>Senopati Nusantara<\/em><\/a> sinks in a storm, resulting in at least 400 deaths.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>A fire in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rep%C3%BAblica_Croma%C3%B1%C3%B3n_nightclub_fire\" >Rep\u00fablica Cromagnon nightclub<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires\" >Buenos Aires<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentina\" >Argentina<\/a> kills 194.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rizal_Day_bombings\" >Rizal Day bombings<\/a>: A series of bombs explode in various places in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metro_Manila\" >Metro Manila<\/a>, Philippines within a period of a few hours, killing 22 and injuring about a hundred.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong>In the worst incident in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algeria\" >Algeria<\/a>\u2018s insurgency, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilaya_of_Relizane_massacres_of_30_December_1997\" >Wilaya of Relizane massacres<\/a>, 400 people from four villages are killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>Proposed budget cuts by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benjamin_Netanyahu\" >Benjamin Netanyahu<\/a> spark protests from 250,000 workers who shut down services across <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>In the Indian state of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assam\" >Assam<\/a>, a passenger train is bombed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bodo_people\" >Bodo<\/a> separatists, killing 26.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel\" >Israel<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_See\" >Vatican City<\/a> establish <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diplomatic_recognition\" >diplomatic relations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Israel-Vatican Relations:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.il\/mfa\/foreignpolicy\/bilateral\/pages\/israel-vatican_diplomatic_relations.aspx\" >Israel-Vatican Diplomatic Relations \u2013 Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/jcpa.org\/article\/israels-relations-with-the-vatican\/\" >Israel\u2019s Relations with the Vatican, by Aharon Lopez \u2013 March 1, 1999 \u2013 Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/vaticanholy-see\/vatican-israel-relations\/p19344\" >Vatican-Israel Relations \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_See%E2%80%93Israel_relations\" >Holy See-Israel relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rabbidavidrosen.net\/\" >VATICAN-ISRAEL RELATIONS: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE, by David Rosen<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1976<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1976_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >(underground)<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1976:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1976_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1976 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" >Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bigpicture\/2009\/11\/kazakhstans_radioactive_legacy.html\" >Kazakhstan\u2019s radioactive legacy \u2013 Boston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wn.com\/semipalatinsk_test_site\" >\u201cMy home: nuclear base Semipalatinsk \u2013 21\u201d, Episode 02 \u201cMain Testing Field\u201d (Video: 3 min. 14 sec.) \u2013 WN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death In Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/carlwillis.wordpress.com\/2012\/08\/13\/visit-to-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\/\" >Visit to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 SPEICAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/appraisals\/semipalatinsk.asp\" >The Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan \u2013 IAEA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/732\/\" >Semipalatinsk Test Site \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/5988266\/the-tragic-story-of-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\" >The Tragic Story of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, by Vincze Mikl\u00f3s \u2013 io9.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/Sixty_Years_After_First_Soviet_Nuclear_Test_Legacy_Of_Misery_Lives_On\/1809712.html\" >60 Years After First Soviet Nuclear Test, Legacy Of Misery Lives On In Kazakhstan \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 Monday, August 10, 2015 \u2013 RFERL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8236431.stm\" >Soviet nuclear tests leave Kazakh fallout \u2013 Sunday, 6 September 2009 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/story\/2010\/02\/24\/ST2010022403314.html?sid=ST2010022403314\" >In Kazakhstan, the race for uranium goes nuclear, by Philip P. Pan \u2013 Thursday, February 25, 2005 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?17456\" >Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 NuclearNo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/listverse.com\/2012\/05\/15\/top-10-nuclear-test-sites\/\" >Top 10 Nuclear Test Sites, Michael Affleck, May 15, 2012 \u2013 Our World \u2013 ListVerse.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan\/Semipalatinsk:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reference.allrefer.com\/country-guide-study\/kazakhstan\/kazakhstan17.html\" >Kazakstan\/Kazakhstan \u2013 Environmental Problems \u2013 Reference.AllRefer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdfs\/HBWW_EN\/Semipalatinsk_EN_web.pdf\" >\u201cIn Semipalatinsk, the local population was exposed to high levels of radioactivity from nuclear weapon tests for several decades\u2026\u201d \u2013 Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Nuclear test site \u2013 Nuclear-Risk.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalatinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/key-issues\/nuclear-weapons\/issues\/testing\/PDFs\/JC-143920%5B1%5D.pdf\" >Radionuclide Contamination at Kazakhstan\u2019s Semipalatinsk Test Site Implications on Human and Ecological Heath, by T.M. Carlsen, L.E. Peterson, B.A. Ulsh, C.A. Werner, K.L.Purvis, A.C. Sharber<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nukefreetexas.org\/downloads\/plutominum_uranium_semipalatinsk_test_site.pdf\" >Plutonium and Uranium in Human Bones from Areas surrounding the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 NukeFreeTexas.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Asia-South-Central\/2013\/0828\/Secrets-of-Semipalatinsk-How-nuclear-theft-was-averted-in-Central-Asia\" >\u201cTheir research done on sample villages near the test site found cancer mortality rates 2-1\/2 times greater than those in a control village. The agency says some 356,000 people face radiation risk, with 70 percent of those being descendants of exposed villagers\u2026\u201d \u2013 Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cajgh.pitt.edu\/ojs\/index.php\/cajgh\/article\/view\/127\/0\" >Studies of Health Effects from Nuclear Testing near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Kazakhstan, by Bernd Grosche, Tamara Zhunussova, Kazbek Apsalikov, Ausrele Kesminiene<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/wasj\/wasj23%285%2913\/19.pdf\" >Information Report on Biological Studies Conducted At the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 IDOSI.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/articles\/PMC3866702\" >Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in the Semipalatinsk Historical Cohort, 1960 \u2013 1999, and its Relationship to Radiation Exposure \u2013 Europe PubMed Central<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The United States halts heavy bombing of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Vietnam\" >North Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vietnam War in 1972:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1972_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >1972 in the Vietnam War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.upi.com\/Archives\/Audio\/Events-of-1972\/Vietnam-War-and-Deaths\/\" >1972 YEAR REVIEW \u2013 Vietnam War and Deaths \u2013 Published: 1972 \u2013 UPI.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.citizendium.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >1972 \u2013 South Vietnam\u2019s ground war, 1972-1975 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.magnumphotos.com\/Catalogue\/Bruno-Barbey\/1972\/SOUTH-VIETNAM-Vietnam-War-1972-NN145549.html\" >SOUTH VEITNAM 1972: Vietnam War \u2013 Bruno Barbey \u2013 MagnamPhotos.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vietnamgear.com\/war1971.aspx\" >Vietnam War Timeline: 1971-1972 \u2013 VietnamWarGear.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/battlefieldvietnam\/timeline\/index3.html\" >Battlefield Timeline \u2013 1969-1972 \u2013 Battlefield Vietnam \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>For some more pertinent information, see<\/em> \u201c<strong>1976 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR\u201d, <em>mentioned above<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferdinand_Marcos\" >Ferdinand Marcos<\/a> becomes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_Philippines\" >President of the Philippines<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guatemalan_Air_Force\" >Guatemalan Air Force<\/a> sinks several Mexican fishing boats alleged to have breached maritime borders, killing three and sparking <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexico-Guatemala_conflict\" >international tension<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_I_of_Romania\" >Michael I of Romania<\/a> is forced to abdicate by the Soviet Union-backed Communist government of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romania<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_II_of_Greece\" >George II of Greece<\/a> declares a regency, leaving the throne vacant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1943\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subhas_Chandra_Bose\" >Subhas Chandra Bose<\/a> raises the flag of Indian independence at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Port_Blair\" >Port Blair<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1922\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Union of Soviet Socialist Republics<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_on_the_Creation_of_the_USSR\" >is formed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong>The last <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronation_of_the_Hungarian_monarch\" >coronation in Hungary<\/a> is performed for King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_I_of_Austria\" >Charles IV<\/a> and Queen <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zita_of_Bourbon-Parma\" >Zita<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All-India_Muslim_League\" >All-India Muslim League<\/a> is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dhaka\" >Dacca<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Bengal\" >East Bengal<\/a>, British India. It went on to lay the foundations of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1905\u00a0 <\/strong>Former <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Idaho\" >Idaho<\/a> Governor <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Steunenberg\" >Frank Steunenberg<\/a> is assassinated at the front gate of his home in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caldwell,_Idaho\" >Caldwell<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1903\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iroquois_Theatre_fire\" >A fire at the Iroquois Theater<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago\" >Chicago, Illinois<\/a> kills at least 605.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1897\u00a0 <\/strong>The British <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colony_of_Natal\" >Colony of Natal<\/a> annexes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zulu_Kingdom\" >Zululand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1896\u00a0 <\/strong>Filipino patriot and reform advocate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal\" >Jos\u00e9 Rizal<\/a> is executed by a Spanish <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Execution_by_firing_squad\" >firing squad<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manila\" >Manila<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1825\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_St._Louis#1825_-_Shawnee\" >Treaty of St. Louis<\/a> between the United States and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shawnee\" >Shawnee<\/a> Nation is proclaimed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1813\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_1812\" >War of 1812<\/a>: British soldiers burn <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buffalo,_New_York\" >Buffalo, New York<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Buffalo, New York in 1813:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Buffalo\" >Battle of Buffalo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/the-burning-of-buffalo-200-years-ago\" >The Burning of Buffalo 200 Years Ago \u2013 history.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.buffaloah.com\/h\/war1812\/burned\/index.html\" >1813 Burned Buffalo Map \u2013 buffaloah.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>War of 1812:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/war-of-1812\" >WAR OF 1812 \u2013 history.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_1812\" >War of 1812 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/warof1812\/tp\/war-of-1812-overview.htm\" >The War of 1812 101: An Overview \u2013 by Kennedy Hickman \u2013 about education \u2013 about.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/rr\/program\/bib\/1812\/\" >A Guide to the War of 1812 \u2013 loc.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ussconstitutionmuseum.org\/about-us\/bicentennial\/short-history-1812\/\" >Short History of the War of 1812 \u2013 ussconstitutionmuseum.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/amhistory.si.edu\/starspangledbanner\/the-war-of-1812.aspx\" >The War of 1812 \u2013 si.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historynet.com\/war-of-1812\" >War Of 1812 \u2013 historynet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wned\/war-of-1812\/home\/\" >The War of 1812 \u2013 pbs.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nyheritage.org\/collections\/war-1812\" >War of 1812 \u2013 nyheritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/research\/military\/war-of-1812\/index.html\" >Military Resources: War of 1812 \u2013 archives.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Timelines of the War of 1812:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wned\/war-of-1812\/timeline\/\" >War of 1812 Timeline Major Events \u2013 pbs.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/americanhistory.about.com\/od\/warof1812\/a\/war-of-1812-timeline.htm\" >Timeline of the War of 1812 \u2013 by Martin Kelly \u2013 about education \u2013 about.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.softschools.com\/timelines\/war_of_1812_timeline\/100\/\" >War of 1812 Timeline \u2013 softschools.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.warof1812.ca\/1812events.htm\" >Causes and Events of the War of 1812: A Timeline \u2013 THE WAR OF 1812 \u2013 warof1812.ca<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.shmoop.com\/war-1812\/timeline.html\" >THE WAR OF 1812 \u2013 shmoop.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/media.timetoast.com\/timelines\/the-war-of-1812--271\" >The War of 1812 \u2013 timetoast.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thefreeresource.com\/war-of-1812-causes-timeline-summary-and-resources-about-the-battles\/\" >War of 1812: Causes, Timeline, Summary, and Resources \u2013 thefreeresource.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.campaign1776.org\/war-of-1812\/war-of-1812-timeline.html\" >Timeline: War of 1812 \u2013 campaign1776.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1702\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Anne%27s_War\" >Queen Anne\u2019s War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Moore_%28South_Carolina_politician%29\" >James Moore<\/a>, Governor of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Province_of_Carolina\" >Province of Carolina<\/a>, abandons the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_St._Augustine_%281702%29\" >Siege of St. Augustine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1460\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wars_of_the_Roses\" >Wars of the Roses<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Wakefield\" >Battle of Wakefield<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1419\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hundred_Years%27_War_%281415%E2%80%9353%29\" >Hundred Years\u2019 War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_La_Rochelle_%281419%29\" >Battle of La Rochelle<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1066\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1066_Granada_massacre\" >Granada massacre<\/a>: A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islam\" >Muslim<\/a> mob storms the royal palace in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Granada\" >Granada<\/a>, crucifies <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jews\" >Jewish<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vizier\" >vizier<\/a> Joseph ibn Naghrela and massacres most of the Jewish population of the city.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DECEMBER 31<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NASA\" >NASA<\/a> succeeds in putting the first of two <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gravity_Recovery_and_Interior_Laboratory\" >Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satellite\" >satellites<\/a> in orbit around the Moon.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong>Both a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_moon\" >blue moon<\/a> and a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/December_2009_lunar_eclipse\" >lunar eclipse<\/a> occur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>The official opening of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taipei_101\" >Taipei 101<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_the_world\" >tallest<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skyscraper\" >skyscraper<\/a> at that time in the world, standing at a height of 509 metres (1,670\u00a0ft).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Airlines_Flight_814\" >Indian Airlines Flight 814<\/a> hijacking ended after seven days with the release of 190 survivors at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kandahar_Airport\" >Kandahar Airport<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>The United States Government hands control of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama_Canal\" >Panama Canal<\/a> (as well all the adjacent land to the canal known as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama_Canal_Zone\" >Panama Canal Zone<\/a>) to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama\" >Panama<\/a>. This act complied with the signing of the 1977 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties\" >Torrijos\u2013Carter Treaties<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>First <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Russia\" >President of Russia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Yeltsin\" >Boris Yeltsin<\/a>, resigns from office, leaving <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Russia\" >Prime Minister<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Putin\" >Vladimir Putin<\/a> as the acting President and successor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanism\" >European Exchange Rate Mechanism<\/a> freezes the values of the legacy currencies in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurozone\" >Eurozone<\/a>, and establishes the value of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euro\" >euro<\/a> currency.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Chechen_War\" >First Chechen War<\/a>: Russian army began a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Grozny_%281994%E2%80%9395%29\" >New Year\u2019s storming<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grozny\" >Grozny<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>First Chechen War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/war\/chechnya1.htm\" >First Chechnya War \u2013 1994-1996 \u2013GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/russianrulershistory.com\/chechnya-and-the-first-chechen-war-2\/\" >Chechnya and the First Chechen War \u2013 RussianRulersHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.studymode.com\/essays\/First-Chechen-War-811659.html\" >First Chechen War \u2013 StudyMode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/search\/First+Chechen+War\" >FIRST CHECHEN WAR \u2013 Tumbrl.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liveleak.com\/view?i=0b1_1352790583\" >First Chechen War Combat Footage \u2013 LiveLeak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liveleak.com\/view?i=b56_1337817453\" >Russian Soldiers in Chechnya\u2026First Chechen War. \u2013 LiveLeak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/history\/the-first-chechen-war-history-essay.php\" >The First Chechen War History Essay \u2013 UKEssays.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/article30077.html\" >The First War of Chechnya \u2013 VoltaireNet.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Chechen Wars:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chechen%E2%80%93Russian_conflict\" >Chechen-Russian conflict \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/3293441.stm\" >Q&amp;A: The Chechen conflict \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/conflict\/full_text_search\/AllCRCDocs\/95-5.htm\" >THE CONFLICT BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHECHNYA, by Mariya Yevsyukova \u2013 1995 \u2013 Colorado.edu<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/100\/crisis-in-chechnya\" >Crisis in Chechnya, by Anup Shah \u2013 GlobalIssues.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.voanews.com\/content\/chechen-conflict-spawns-terrorism\/1644832.html\" >Chechnya: A History of Conflict \u2013 Voice of America \u2013 VOANews.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/features\/2014\/12\/chechnya-russia-20-years-conflict-2014121161310580523.html\" >Chechnya, Russia and 20 years of conflict, by Mansur Milovalev \u2013 11 Dec 2014 \u2013 Aljazeera.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/vakselrud\/the-chechen-conflict\" >The Conflict in Chechnya, by Vlad Akselrud \u2013 SlideShare.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-explosion-chechen-attacks-idUSBRE93I0OA20130419\" >Timeline: Major Chechen attacks in Russia \u2013 Fri Apr 19, 2013 \u2013 Reuters.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li>YouTube videos: Chechen Conflict Documentary <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_PWlpdflGzM\" >Part One (13 min. 24 sec.)<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=597BI2jFQ5s\" >Part Two (12 min. 15 sec.)<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ayWH-8GfrJU\" >Part Three (13 min. 10 sec.)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gkaVIIOE9ys\" >YouTube video (48 min. 14 sec.): Documentary \u2013 Chechnya: The Dirty War (2005)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Russia, Chechnya and Terrorism:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tsas.ca\/files\/2012\/11\/PowerPoint-1Aure%CC%81lie-Campana-2012-11-10.pdf\" >From \u00ab Ordinary Violence \u00bb to Terrorism: the Chechen case, by Aur\u00e9lie Campara \u2013 Universit\u00e9 Laval \u2013 TSAS.ca<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/terrorism.about.com\/od\/originshistory\/tp\/Russia--Chechnya--Terrorism.htm\" >Russia, Chechnya and Terrorism: A Timeline of Russian-Chechen conflict, by Amy Zalman \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/world\/2013\/04\/19\/russia-chechnya-terror-caucasus\/2095995\/\" >Russia\u2019s Chechnya has long terrorist connections \u2013 April 19, 2013 \u2013 USAToday.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/separatist-terrorism\/chechen-terrorism-russia-chechnya-separatist\/p9181\" >Chechen Terrorism (Russia, Chechnya, Separatist), by Preeti Bhattacharji \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/news_and_politics\/the_gist\/2004\/09\/chechnya.html\" >What drives the separatists commit such terrible outrages? , by Masha Gessen \u2013 Chechnya \u2013 Slate.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/yaleglobal.yale.edu\/content\/arab-connection-chechen-conflict\" >The Arab Connection to Chechen Conflict \u2013 Faryal Leghari \u2013 The Khaleej Times, 21 March 2006 \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Civilians under International Humanitarian Law:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/eng\/war-and-law\/protected-persons\/civilians\/overview-civilians-protected.htm\" >Civilian protected under international humanitarian law \u2013 ICRC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_humanitarian_law\" >International humanitarian law \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.esteri.it\/mae\/en\/politica_estera\/temi_globali\/diritti_umani\/il_diritto_internazionale_umanitario.html\" >International Humanitarian Law \u2013 Farnesia \u2013 Esteri.it<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eda.admin.ch\/eda\/en\/home\/topics\/intla\/humlaw.html\" >International humanitarian law \u2013 Federal Department of Foreign Affairs \u2013 FDFE \u2013 EDA.Admin.ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geneva-academy.ch\/RULAC\/international_humanitarian_law.php\" >International Humanitarian Law \u2013 Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project \u2013 RULAC \u2013 Geneva-Academy.ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crimesofwar.org\/a-z-guide\/chechnya\/\" >CRIMES OF WAR \u2013 CHECHNYA, by Barry Renfrew \u2013 CrimesOfWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unitar.org\/ny\/sites\/unitar.org.ny\/files\/IV_ICRC_Protection%20of%20Civilians%20UNITAR%20-%20Sept%2009.ppt-final.pdf\" >Civilians in Situations of armed conflict \u2013 UNITAR.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/legal.un.org\/avl\/ha\/icath\/icath.html\" >International Convention Against Taking Hostages, by Ben Saul \u2013 AUDIOVISUAL LIBRARY ON INTERNATIONAL LAW \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>This date is skipped altogether in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiribati\" >Kiribati<\/a> as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phoenix_Islands\" >Phoenix Islands<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Line_Islands\" >Line Islands<\/a> change time zones from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UTC%E2%88%9211:00\" >UTC\u221211:00<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UTC%2B13:00\" >UTC+13:00<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UTC%E2%88%9210:00\" >UTC\u221210:00<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UTC%2B14:00\" >UTC+14:00<\/a>, respectively.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czechoslovakia\" >Czechoslovakia<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia\" >peacefully dissolved<\/a> in what is dubbed by media as the <em>Velvet Divorce<\/em>, resulting in the creation of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czech_Republic\" >Czech Republic<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovakia\" >Slovakia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1991\u00a0 <\/strong>All official <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> institutions have ceased operations by this date and the Soviet Union is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >officially dissolved<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong>US leaves UNESCO.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Withdrawal of the United States from UNESCO:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/1984\/12\/unesco-time-to-leave\" >\u201c<em>In December 1983, the United States served notice on the United Nations Educational, scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) that it intended to leave that organization at the end of 1984. The time to implement that decision has now come<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 UNESCO \u2013 Time To Leave \u2013 12\/10\/84 68 \u2013 Heritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1984\/12\/20\/world\/text-of-statement-by-us-on-its-withdrawal-from-unesco.html\" >TEXT OF STATEMENT BY US ON ITS WITHDRAWAL FROM UNESCO \u2013 December 20, 1984 \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20692815?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\" >THE UNITED STATES WITHDRAWAL FROM UNESCO \u2013 American Society of International Law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregory_J._Newell\" >\u201c<em>In 1983 through 1985, Newell criticized UNESCO for inefficient managing of funds and becoming unduly politicized, backing liberation groups such as the Palestine Liberation Organization and attacking press freedoms\u2026. Newell said the US would rejoin UNESCO if it returns to its original purpose. President Reagan agreed and the U.S. pulled out of UNESCO in 1985 (to return later under George W. Bush)<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Gregory J. Newell \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria<\/a> a coup d\u2019\u00e9tat led by Major General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammadu_Buhari\" >Muhammadu Buhari<\/a> ends the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Nigerian_Republic\" >Second Nigerian Republic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Coup d\u2019\u00e9tat of 1983:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onwar.com\/aced\/chrono\/c1900s\/yr80\/fnigeria1983.htm\" >COUP IN NIGERIA 1983 \u2013 OnWar.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/war\/nigeria2.htm\" >1983 Coup \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-africa-11405111\" >Nigeria\u2019s coup in 1983 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/info-naija.blogspot.com\/2009\/03\/history-of-coup-detat-in-nigeria.html\" >HISTORY OF COUP D\u2019ETAT IN NIGERIA<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Nigeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Nigeria\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Nigeria\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/nigeria-history.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad41\" >HISTORY OF NIGERIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123independenceday.com\/nigeria\/history.html\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 123IndependenceDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/3.htm\" >History \u2013 Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.glpinc.org\/Classroom%20Activities\/Nigeria%20Articles\/Nigeria-history%20since%201960.htm\" >History of Nigeria since 1960 \u2013 GLPINC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nigeriaembassyusa.org\/index.php?page=nigeria-past-present-and-future\" >NIGERIA \u2013 PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE \u2013 NigeriaEmbassyUSA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Nigerian_history\" >Timeline of Nigerian history \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13951696\" >Nigeria profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/nigeria\/history\" >Nigeria \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nigeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ni.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crname=Nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Data \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/\" >Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/nigeria.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nigeriaworld.com\/\" >Nigeria \u2013 NigeriaWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/topics\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Economy of Nigeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Nigeria\" >Economy of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/52.htm\" >Nigeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/nigeria-economy.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123independenceday.com\/nigeria\/economy.html\" >Economy of Nigeria \u2013 123IndependenceDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AT%26T_Corporation\" >AT&amp;T<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bell_System\" >Bell System<\/a> is broken up by the United States Government.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >coup d\u2019\u00e9tat<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghana\" >Ghana<\/a> removes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ghana\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hilla_Limann\" >Hilla Limann<\/a>\u2018s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_National_Party_%28Ghana%29\" >PNP<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Limann_government\" >government<\/a> and replaces it with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provisional_National_Defence_Council\" >Provisional National Defence Council<\/a> led by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_lieutenant\" >Flight lieutenant<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerry_Rawlings\" >Jerry Rawlings<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Coup in Ghana of 1981:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Coup-of-1981\" >Coup of 1981 \u2013 History of Ghana \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.country-data.com\/cgi-bin\/query\/r-5334.html\" >Ghana: The 1981 Coup and the Second Rawlings Government \u2013 Country-Data.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.upi.com\/Archives\/1981\/12\/31\/Coup-in-Ghana\/4076378622800\/\" >Coup in Ghana \u2013 Dec.31, 1981 \u2013 UPI Archive<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_International_Party\" >Youth International Party<\/a>, popularly known as the \u201cYippies\u201d, is founded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-B%C3%A9del_Bokassa\" >Jean-B\u00e9del Bokassa<\/a>, leader of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_African_Republic\" >Central African Republic<\/a> army, and his military officers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint-Sylvestre_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >begins a coup d\u2019\u00e9tat<\/a> against the government of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Central_African_Republic_and_Central_African_Empire\" >President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Dacko\" >David Dacko<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raidi%C3%B3_Teilif%C3%ADs_%C3%89ireann\" >RT\u00c9<\/a>, Ireland\u2019s state broadcaster, launches its first national television service.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farthing_%28British_coin%29\" >farthing coin<\/a> ceases to be <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Legal_tender\" >legal tender<\/a> in the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Motors\" >General Motors<\/a> becomes the first U.S. corporation to make over US$1 billion in a year.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1951\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marshall_Plan\" >Marshall Plan<\/a> expires after distributing more than US$13.3 billion in foreign aid to rebuild Europe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_S._Truman\" >Harry S Truman<\/a> officially proclaims the end of hostilities in World War II.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Nordwind\" >Operation Nordwind<\/a>, the last major German offensive on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Front_%28World_War_II%29\" >Western Front<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: Hungary declares war on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1923\u00a0 <\/strong>The chimes of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Ben\" >Big Ben<\/a> are broadcast on radio for the first time by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC\" >BBC<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1909\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan_Bridge\" >Manhattan Bridge<\/a> opens.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1907\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Year%27s_Eve\" >New Year\u2019s Eve<\/a> celebration is held in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Times_Square\" >Times Square<\/a> (then known as Longacre Square) in New York, New York.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozaffar_ad-Din_Shah_Qajar\" >Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar<\/a> signs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persian_Constitution_of_1906\" >Persian Constitution of 1906<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1879\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Edison\" >Thomas Edison<\/a> demonstrates <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incandescent_light_bulb\" >incandescent lighting<\/a> to the public for the first time, in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edison,_New_Jersey\" >Menlo Park, New Jersey<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1878\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Benz\" >Karl Benz<\/a>, working in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mannheim\" >Mannheim<\/a>, Germany, filed for a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patent\" >patent<\/a> on his first reliable <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Two-stroke_engine\" >two-stroke gas engine<\/a>, and he was granted the patent in 1879.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1857\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Victoria\" >Queen Victoria<\/a> chooses <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottawa\" >Ottawa<\/a>, then a small <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Logging\" >logging<\/a> town, as the capital of Canada.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>JANUARY 01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Today is the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Year\" >NEW YEAR\u2019S DAY<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregorian_calendar\" >Gregorian calendar<\/a>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>2015\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lithuania\" >Lithuania<\/a> becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lithuania_and_the_euro\" >19th member<\/a> of the Eurozone.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2015\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurasian_Economic_Union\" >Eurasian Economic Union<\/a> comes into effect, creating a political and economic union between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belarus\" >Belarus<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armenia\" >Armenia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazakhstan\" >Kazakhstan<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kyrgyzstan\" >Kyrgyzstan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong>Asteroid <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_AA\" >2014 AA<\/a> impacts the Earth over the Atlantic Ocean.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2014\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvia\" >Latvia<\/a> becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvian_euro_coins\" >18th member<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurozone\" >Eurozone<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2013\u00a0 <\/strong>At least 60 people are killed and 200 injured in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2013_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny_stampede\" >stampede<\/a> after celebrations at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stade_F%C3%A9lix_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny\" >F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny Stadium<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abidjan\" >Abidjan<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivory_Coast\" >Ivory Coast<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moldova\" >Moldovan<\/a> civilian is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2012_Moldova_security_zone_incident\" >fatally wounded<\/a> by a Russian peacekeeper in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transnistria\" >Transnistrian<\/a> security zone, leading to demonstrations against Russia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonia<\/a> becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonian_euro_coins\" >17th member<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurozone\" >Eurozone<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Administrative_divisions_of_Greece\" >Kallikratis plan<\/a> becomes the new administrative system of Greece.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>A bomb <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2011_Alexandria_bombing\" >explodes<\/a> as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copts\" >Coptic Christians<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandria\" >Alexandria<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a>, leave a new year service, killing 23 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong>A suicide car bomber <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010_Lakki_Marwat_suicide_bombing\" >detonates at a volleyball tournament<\/a> in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan, killing 105 and injuring 100 more.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2009\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovakia\" >Slovakia<\/a> joins the Eurozone.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyprus\" >Cyprus<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malta\" >Malta<\/a> join the Eurozone.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adam_Air_Flight_574\" >Adam Air Flight 574<\/a> disappears over <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia<\/a> with 102 people on board.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2007\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgaria\" >Bulgaria<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romania<\/a> officially join the European Union. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovenia\" >Slovenia<\/a> joins <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurozone\" >Eurozone<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>In a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motion_of_no_confidence\" >vote of confidence<\/a>, General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pervez_Musharraf\" >Pervez Musharraf<\/a> wins 658 out of 1,170 votes in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electoral_College_%28Pakistan%29\" >Electoral College of Pakistan<\/a>, and according to Article 41(8) of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Pakistan\" >Constitution of Pakistan<\/a>, is \u201cdeemed to be elected\u201d to the office of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Pakistan\" >President<\/a> until October 2007.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_on_Open_Skies\" >Open Skies<\/a> mutual <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surveillance\" >surveillance<\/a> treaty, initially signed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1992\" >1992<\/a>, officially comes into force.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan\" >Taiwan<\/a> officially joins the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Organization\" >World Trade Organization<\/a>, as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Taipei\" >Chinese Taipei<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2002\u00a0 <\/strong>Euro banknotes and coins become legal tender in twelve of the European Union\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Member_state_of_the_European_Union\" >member states<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euro\" >Euro<\/a> currency is introduced in 11 countries \u2013 members of the European Union (with the exception of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Central_Bank\" >European Central Bank<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>European Central Bank:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/\" >European Central Bank \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Central_Bank\" >European Central Bank \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/topic\/organization\/european-central-bank\" >European Central Bank \u2013 Pertinent Articles \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 nytimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/european-central-bank\/\" >European Central Bank \u2013 cnbc.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/e\/europeancentralbank.asp\" >European Central Bank &#8211; ECB \u2013 investopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>Russia begins to circulate new <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_ruble\" >rubles<\/a> to stem <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inflation\" >inflation<\/a> and promote confidence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghana\" >Ghanaian<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diplomacy\" >diplomat<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kofi_Annan\" >Kofi Annan<\/a> is appointed Secretary-General of the United Nations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1997\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Zaire<\/a> officially joins the World Trade Organization.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo):<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/cg.html\" >CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/democratic-republic-of-congo.html\" >Congo, Democratic Republic of the \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13283212\" >Democratic Republic of Congo country profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/87\/the-democratic-republic-of-congo\" >Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 GlobalIssues.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/congo-democratic-republic-of\/ri179\" >Congo, Democratic Republic of the, \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2823.htm\" >US Relations With the Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/EN\/Aussenpolitik\/Laender\/Laenderinfos\/01-Nodes\/KongoDemokratischeRepublik_node.html\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Federal Foreign Office \u2013 Germany \u2013 Arswaertiges-Amt.de<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Democratic Republic of the Congo and the World Trade Organization:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/thewto_e\/countries_e\/democratic_republique_congo_e.htm\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo and the WTO \u2013 WTO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>World Trade Organization:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/docs_e\/legal_e\/04-wto.pdf\" >Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) \u2013 WTO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wto.org\/\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Organization\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/World_Trade_Organization.aspx\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/World-Trade-Organization\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/world-trade-organization.html\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/country_profiles\/2429503.stm\" >Profile: World Trade Organization \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/world-trade-organization\/\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 News Archive \u2013 The Huffington Post \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/drc\" >Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/congo-dem-rep\" >Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/democraticrepubliccongo\" >Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/congo-democratic-republic-the-economy.html\" >Congo, Democratic Republic of the \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo):<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Portal: Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.our-africa.org\/democratic-republic-of-congo\/history-politics\" >DP Congo \u2013 History &amp; Politics \u2013 Our Africa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/congo-democratic-republic-the-history.html\" >Congo, Democratic Republic of the, \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/1120825.stm\" >DP Congo\u2019s troubled history \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13286306\" >Democratic Republic of the Congo \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1996\u00a0 <\/strong>Cura\u00e7ao gains limited self-government, though it remains within free association with the Netherlands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Draupner_wave\" >Draupner wave<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Sea\" >North Sea<\/a> in Norway is detected, confirming the existence of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rogue_wave\" >freak waves<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>The <em>Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe<\/em> becomes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe\" >Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE):<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osce.org\/\" >OSCE Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osce.org\/who\" >Who we are \u2013 OSCE Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osce.org\/who\/87\" >History \u2013 OSCE \u2013 OSCE Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/osce\" >YouTube (1 min. 42 sec.): OSCE<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>Sweden, Austria, and Finland are admitted into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union\" >European Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Organization\" >World Trade Organization<\/a> goes into effect.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>World Trade Organization (WTO):<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/docs_e\/legal_e\/04-wto.pdf\" >Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) \u2013 WTO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wto.org\/\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Organization\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/World_Trade_Organization.aspx\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/World-Trade-Organization\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/world-trade-organization.html\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/country_profiles\/2429503.stm\" >Profile: World Trade Organization \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/world-trade-organization\/\" >World Trade Organization \u2013 News Archive \u2013 The Huffington Post \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Globalization:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/np\/exr\/key\/global.htm\" >Globalization \u2013 International Monetary Fund \u2013 IMF.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Globalization\" >Globalization \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/geography.about.com\/od\/globalproblemsandissues\/a\/globalization.htm\" >Globalization \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalization101.org\/what-is-globalization\/\" >What Is Globalization? \u2013 Globalization101.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/globalization.html\" >Globalization \u2013 Global Policy Forum \u2013 GlobalPolicy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/oasam\/programs\/history\/herman\/reports\/futurework\/conference\/trends\/trendsVI.htm\" >Globalization \u2013 Trends and Challenges of Work in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 United States Department of Labor<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/g\/globalization.asp\" >GLOBALIZATION \u2013 Investopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/globalization\/\" >Globalization \u2013 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy \u2013 Sandford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cgdev.org\/topics\/globalization\" >Globalization \u2013 Center for Global Development \u2013 CGDev.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/infed.org\/mobi\/globalization-theory-and-experience\/\" >Globalization: theory and experience \u2013 Infed.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sociology.emory.edu\/faculty\/globalization\/\" >The Globalization Website \u2013 Emory.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/yaleglobal.yale.edu\/globalization\" >Globalization \u2013 Yale Global Online \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Globalization:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_globalization\" >History of Globalization \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/yaleglobal.yale.edu\/about\/history.jsp\" >The History of Globalization \u2013 Yale Global Online \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economic-geography.org\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=94:history-of-globalization&amp;catid=98:inf&amp;Itemid=85\" >History of Globalization \u2013 Economic-Geography.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/connection.ebscohost.com\/businessfinances\/globalization\/history-globalization\" >History of Globalization \u2013 EbscoHost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/freeexchange\/2013\/09\/economic-history-1\" >When did globalization start? \u2013 Sep 23<sup>rd<\/sup> 2013 \u2013 The Economist \u2013 Economist.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.upenn.edu\/%7Edludden\/global1.htm\" >Globalization Since the Fourteenth Century \u2013 UPenn.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/rr\/business\/BERA\/issue1\/history.html\" >History of Globalization \u2013 LOC.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/larchi\/history-of-globalisation\" >Globalization \u2013 SlideShare.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>The End of Globalization? :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thefinancialist.com\/the-end-of-globalization\/\" >The End of Globalization? \u2013 October 5, 2015 \u2013 TheFinacialist.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/the-end-of-globalization\/2015\/09\/20\/b48b9f60-5e2f-11e5-9757-e49273f05f65_story.html\" >The End of Globalization \u2013 September 20, 2015 \u2013 The Washington Post \u2013 WashingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/2014\/09\/article55336298\/opinion-the-end-of-globalization\" >Opinion: The End of Globalization? ,by Hussein Shobokshi \u2013 Sunday, 7 Sep. 2014 \u2013 AAWSAT.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/international\/world\/west-wing-the-end-of-globalization-a-522628.html\" >The End of Globalization and End of the Looming Tech Trade War, by John Butler \u2013 May 29, 2014 \u2013 FinancialSense.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldpoliticsblog.wordpress.com\/tag\/end-of-globalization\/\" >The End of Globalization? \u2013 January 11, 2014 \u2013 World Politics News Review \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com\/2014\/01\/04\/have-we-reached-the-end-of-globalization\/\" >Have we reached the end of globalization? \u2013 January 4<sup>th<\/sup>, 2014 \u2013 CNN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pjmedia.com\/richardfernandez\/2013\/04\/07\/the-end-of-globalization\/\" >The End of Globalization, by Richard Fernandez \u2013 April 8, 2013 \u2013 PJMedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thefiscaltimes.com\/Articles\/2013\/02\/28\/Is-This-the-End-of-Globalization\" >Is This the End of Globalization? \u2013 February 28, 2013 \u2013 TheFiscalTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/end-free-trade-globalization\/\" >The End of Free-Trade Globalization, by William Greider \u2013 November 4, 2010 \u2013 TheNation.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/yaleglobal.yale.edu\/content\/end-globalization-0\" >The End of Globalization, by Gabor Steingart \u2013 12 December 2007 \u2013 Yale Global Online \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/yaleglobal.yale.edu\/content\/end-globalization\" >Is This the End of Globalization? ,by Heather Stewart \u2013 10 March 2006 \u2013 Global Online \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.utne.com\/community\/the-end-of-globalization.aspx\" >The End of Globalization? , by Michael Shuman \u2013 July\/August 2002 \u2013 UTNE.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement\" >North American Free Trade Agreement<\/a> comes into effect.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA):<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/export.gov\/FTA\/index.asp\" >North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/ipa\/A0104566.html\" >North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/North-American-Free-Trade-Agreement\" >North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/law.duke.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/lib\/nafta.pdf\" >NAFTA \u2013 J. MICHAEL GOODSON LAW LIBRARY \u2013 DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW \u2013 Research Guides \u2013 Duke.edu \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Some Relevant Issues on NAFTA:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/scholarship.law.berkeley.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1318&amp;context=bjil\" >Toward a History of NAFTA\u2019s Chapter Eleven, by Jennifer Heidl \u2013 2006 \u2013 Berkeley Journal of International Law \u2013 Volume 24 | Issue 2 \u2013 Article 11 \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/reports\/1993\/11\/em371-the-north-american-free-trade-agreement\" >The North American Free Trade Agreement: Ronald Reagan\u2019s Vision Realized, by Michael G. Wilson \u2013 Heritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.umich.edu\/%7Eac213\/student_projects07\/global\/nafta.html\" >NAFTA Overview and Its Effect on Undocumented Immigration \u2013 The Immigration Debate \u2013 UMICH.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/understandingrace.org\/history\/gov\/nafta.html\" >\u201c<em>In 1992, Congress passed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) intended to create a free-trade bloc among the U.S., Canada and Mexico. However, the agreement raised concerns in the U.S. about immigration from south of the border. The 1996 Welfare Reform bill included anti-immigrant and other measures that eliminated many social services for undocumented immigrants. In 2001, the U.S. government initiated a series of immigration policies under the Patriot Act that were designed to thwart terrorism after the 9\/11 attacks<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 NAFTA, the Patriot Act and the New Immigration Backlash \u2013 Government 1990s-2000s \u2013 UnderstandingRace.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ups.com\/content\/us\/en\/shipping\/international\/documents\/intl_forms\/nafta_origin.html\" >NAFTA Certificate of Origin \u2013 UPS.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Pros and Cons of NAFTA:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/occupytheory.org\/list-of-pros-and-cons-of-nafta\/\" >List of Pros and Cons of NAFTA \u2013 28 December 2014 \u2013 OCCUPY THEORY \u2013 OccupyTheory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/resources.alibaba.com\/topic\/274928\/NAFTA_Pros_and_Cons_.htm\" >NAFTA Pros and Cons \u2013 Alibaba.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/b\/2008\/04\/24\/nafta-pros-and-cons.htm\" >NAFTA Pros and Cons \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/financial-edge\/1212\/pros-and-cons-of-nafta.aspx\" >Pros And Cons Of NAFTA, by Amy Fontinelle | December 16, 2012 \u2013 INVESTOPEDIA \u2013 Investopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/nafta-pros-cons-3840.html\" >NAFTA Pros and Cons \u2013 Small Business \u2013 Chron.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/apecsec.org\/nafta-pros-and-cons\/\" >NAFTA Pros and Cons \u2013 ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMICS BLOG \u2013 APECSEC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nafta.weebly.com\/procon.html\" >NAFTA\u2019s Pros and Cons \u2013 Weebly.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/sanantonio\/print-edition\/2012\/09\/21\/nafta-pros-cons.html\" >NAFTA Pros &amp; Cons \u2013 Sep 21, 2012 \u2013 SAN ANTONIO BUSINESS JOURNAL \u2013 BizJournal.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.thomasnet.com\/IMT\/2004\/01\/20\/the_pros_and_co_1\" >The Pros and Cons of NAFTA, by Katrina C Arabe \u2013 January 20, 2004 \u2013 INDUSTRY NEWS \u2013 ThomasNet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usliberals.about.com\/od\/theeconomyjobs\/i\/FreeTradeAgmts_2.htm\" >NAFTA: Unfilled Promises and a Giant Sucking Sound \u2013 Pros and Cons of Free Trade Agreements, by Deborah White \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.studymode.com\/essays\/Pros-And-Cons-Of-Nafta-525034.html\" >Pros and Cons of NAFTA \u2013 StudyMode.com \u2013 downloadable<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/od\/tradepolicy\/p\/NAFTA_Advantage.htm\" >Advantages of NAFTA \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/od\/tradepolicy\/p\/NAFTA_Problems.htm\" >Disadvantages of NAFTA \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of NAFTA:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/od\/tradepolicy\/p\/NAFTA_History.htm\" >History of NAFTA \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofthings.com\/history-of-nafta\" >History of NAFTA \u2013 History of Things \u2013 HistoryOfThings.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historycentral.com\/documents\/Clinton\/SigningNaFTA.html\" >REMARKS BY PRESIDENT CLINTON, PRESIDENT BUSH, PRESIDENT CARTER, PRESIDENT FORD, AND VICE PRESIDENT GORE IN SIGNING OF NAFTA SIDE AGREEMENTS \u2013 For Immediate Release September 14, 1993 \u2013 Office of the Press Secretary \u2013 THE WHITE HOUSE \u2013 HistoryCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nafta-signed-into-law\" >DEC 08 1993: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: NAFTA signed into law \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/timelinesdb.com\/listevents.php?subjid=963&amp;title=NAFTA\" >Timelines \u2013 NAFTA \u2013 TimelinseDB.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1994\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zapatista_Army_of_National_Liberation\" >Zapatista Army of National Liberation<\/a> initiates twelve days of armed conflict in the Mexican state of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chiapas\" >Chiapas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong>A single market within the European Community is introduced.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia\" >Dissolution of Czechoslovakia<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Czechoslovakia\" >Czechoslovakia<\/a> is divided into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovakia\" >Slovakia<\/a> and the Czech Republic.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong>The Russian Federation is formally established.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Some Aspects of the Russian Federation:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Russia_(1991%E2%80%93present)\" >History of Russia (1991-present) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Politics_of_Russia\" >Politics of Russia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_Russia\" >Government of Russia &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation\" >Russian Armed Forces &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_history_of_the_Russian_Federation\" >Economic history of the Russian Federation &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.russia.edu.ru\/information\/npb\/fzakon\/law\/3266-1\/index,2\/\" >Education of the Russian Federation \u2013 LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION NO. 3266 OF JULY 10, 1992 \u2013 russia.edu.ru<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Dinkins\" >David Dinkins<\/a> is sworn in as New York City\u2019s first black mayor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montreal_Protocol\" >Montreal Protocol<\/a> comes into force, stopping the use of chemicals contributing to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ozone_depletion\" >ozone depletion<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Montreal Protocol:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ozone.unep.org\/pdfs\/Montreal-Protocol2000.pdf\" >Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer as either adjusted or amended in London 1990, Copenhagen 1992, Vienna 1995, Montreal 1997, Beijing 1999 \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Montreal-Protocol\" >Montreal Protocol \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/weather.about.com\/od\/ozoneinformation\/a\/montrealbasic.htm\" >What Is the Montreal Protocol? \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/ozone\/downloads\/MP20_Backgrounder.pdf\" >Montreal Protocol \u2013 Backgrounder \u2013 EPA.gov \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/scorecard.goodguide.com\/chemical-groups\/one-list.tcl?short_list_name=ods\" >Ozone Depleting Substance List (Montreal Protocol) \u2013 Scorecard.GoodGuide.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America\" >Evangelical Lutheran Church in America<\/a> comes into existence, creating the largest <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lutheranism\" >Lutheran<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religious_denomination\" >denomination<\/a> in the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Value-added_tax\" >value-added tax<\/a> is introduced in Greece for the first time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong>Spain and Portugal are admitted into the European Community.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1986\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aruba\" >Aruba<\/a> becomes independent of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cura%C3%A7ao\" >Cura\u00e7ao<\/a>, though it remains in free association with the Netherlands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong>The first British mobile phone call is made by Michael Harrison to his father Sir Ernest Harrison, chairman of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vodafone\" >Vodafone<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brunei\" >Brunei<\/a> becomes independent of the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Independence of Brunei:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bruneiresources.blogspot.com\/2013\/02\/remembering-first-national-day-in-1984.html\" >Remembering the First Independence Day in 1984 \u2013 bruneiresources.blogspot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Brunei:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ciaworldfactbook.us\/asia\/brunei\" >Brunei \u2013 WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Brunei\" >Brunei \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/brunei.html\" >Brunei \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brunei\" >Brunei \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/royalark.net\/Brunei\/brunei.htm\" >Brunei \u2013 RoyalArk.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factmonster.com\/country\/brunei.html\" >Brunei \u2013 FactMonster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Brunei\" >Foreign relations of Brunei \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.int\/brunei\/\" >Permanent Mission of Brunei Darussalam to the United Nations \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mofat.gov.bn\/site\/home.aspx\" >Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei Darussalam \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-pacific-12990058\" >Brunei country profile \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Brunei:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Brunei\" >History of Brunei \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Brunei\" >History of Brunei \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.asian-recipe.com\/brunei\/bn-information\/brunei-a-brief-history.html\" >Brunei \u2013 A Brief History \u2013 Asian-Recipe.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/Brunei\/p\/Brunei_Facts_History.htm\" >Brunei | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldrover.com\/history\/brunei_history.html\" >Brunei History \u2013 WorldRover.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thecommonwealth.org\/our-member-countries\/brunei-darussalam\/history\" >Brunei Darussalam: History \u2013 TheCommonWealth.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-pacific-12990560\" >Brunei profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/webimage\/countrys\/asia\/brunei\/bntimeln.htm\" >Brunei Darussalam Timeline \u2013 WorldAtlas.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Brunei:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Brunei\" >Economy of Brunei \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.musicillustratedmagazine.com\/q\/Economy_of_Brunei\" >Economy of Brunei \u2013 MusicIllustratedMagazine.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldlibrary.org\/articles\/Economy_of_Brunei\" >ECONOMY OF BRUNEI \u2013 WorldLibrary.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/brunei\/economy-and-business.html\" >Brunei Economy and Business \u2013 MapsOfWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-is-the-economic-history-of-Brunei\" >What is the economic history of Brunei? \u2013 Quora.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong>The original <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AT%26T_Corporation\" >American Telephone &amp; Telegraph Company<\/a> is divested of its 22 Bell System companies as a result of the settlement of the 1974 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Justice\" >United States Department of Justice<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Competition_law\" >antitrust<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breakup_of_the_Bell_System\" >suit against AT&amp;T<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1983\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ARPANET\" >ARPANET<\/a> officially changes to using the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet_Protocol\" >Internet Protocol<\/a>, creating the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet\" >Internet<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peru\" >Peruvian<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Javier_P%C3%A9rez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar\" >Javier P\u00e9rez de Cu\u00e9llar<\/a> becomes the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_America\" >Latin American<\/a> to hold the title of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations\" >Secretary-General of the United Nations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palau\" >Palau<\/a> achieves self-government though it is not independent from the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong>Greece is admitted into the European Community.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2013 Formal <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diplomacy\" >diplomatic relations<\/a> are established between China and the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>The Constitution of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Mariana_Islands\" >Northern Mariana Islands<\/a> becomes effective.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_India_Flight_855\" >Air India Flight 855<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing_747\" >Boeing 747<\/a> crashes into the sea, due to instrument failure and pilot disorientation, off the coast of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mumbai\" >Bombay, India<\/a>, killing 213.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charter_77\" >Charter 77<\/a> published its first document.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong>Denmark, the United Kingdom, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Ireland\" >Ireland<\/a> are admitted into the European Economic Community.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1970\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unix_time\" >Unix time<\/a> begins at 00:00:00 UTC\/GMT.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong>After a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat\" >coup<\/a>, Colonel <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-B%C3%A9del_Bokassa\" >Jean-B\u00e9del Bokassa<\/a> assumes power as president of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_African_Republic\" >Central African Republic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Democratic_Party_of_Afghanistan\" >People\u2019s Democratic Party of Afghanistan<\/a> is founded in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kabul\" >Kabul<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>History of Afghanistan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Afghanistan\" >History of Afghanistan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/afghanistan-history.html\" >Afghanistan \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghangovernment.com\/briefhistory.htm\" >A Brief History of Afghanistan: By Adam Ritscher \u2013 AfghanGovernment.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad09\" >HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/afghanistan\/history\" >Afghanistan \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/afghanista1\/p\/ProfAfghanistan.htm\" >Afghanistan | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/updates\/asia-jan-june11-timeline-afghanistan\/\" >A Historical Timeline of Afghanistan \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghan-web.com\/history\/chron\/index.html\" >Chronological History of Afghanistan \u2013 Afghan-Web.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-south-asia-12024253\" >Afghanistan profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Afghanistan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/af.html\" >AFGHANISTAN \u2013 WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/afghanistan.html\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Afghanistan and the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/news\/dh\/latest\/afghan\/un-afghan-history.shtml\" >Afghanistan &amp; the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghanistan-un.org\/\" >Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the United Nations in New York<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mission-afghanistan.ch\/Mission\/index.php\" >Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Economy of Afghanistan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Afghanistan\" >Economy of Afghanistan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adb.org\/countries\/afghanistan\/economy\" >Afghanistan: Economy \u2013 Asian Development Bank \u2013 ADB.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/afghanistan\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/afghanistan-economy.html\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghanistans.com\/Information\/Economy\/default.htm\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Economy \u2013 Afghanistan\u2019s Economy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Afghanistan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Afghanistan\" >Foreign relations of Afghanistan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/afghanistan\/ri218\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mfa.gov.af\/en\/page\/3883\" >Ministry of Foreign Affairs \u2013 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usip.org\/publications\/2015\/03\/04\/neutrality-in-afghanistan-s-foreign-policy\" >Neutrality in Afghanistan\u2019s Foreign Policy \u2013 United States Institute of Peace \u2013 USIP.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations\" >Afghanistan-United States relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/5380.htm\" >US Relations With Afghanistan \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/programs\/foreign-policy\/afghanistan-index\" >Afghanistan Index \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/afghanistan.htm\" >Afghanistan \u2013 Country Profile \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-south-asia-12011352\" >Afghanistan country profile \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Russia_relations\" >\u201c<em>The Soviets began a major economic assistance program in Afghanistan in the 1950s. Between 1954 and 1978, Afghanistan received more than $1 billion in Soviet aid, including substantial military assistance. In 1973, the two countries announced a $200-million assistance agreement on gas and oil development, trade, transport, irrigation, and factory construction. Following the 1979 invasion, the Soviets augmented their large aid commitments to shore up the Afghan economy and rebuild the Afghan military. They provided the Karmal regime an unprecedented $800 million. The Soviet Union supported the Najibullah regime even after the withdrawal of Soviet troops in February 1989<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Afghanistan-Russia relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academicroom.com\/article\/soviet-afghan-relations-cooperation-occupation\" >Soviet-Afghanistan Relations from Cooperation to Occupation, by Alam Payind \u2013 AcademcRoom.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afghanchamber.com\/about\/FOREIGNRELATIONS.htm\" >Foreign Relations \u2013 Afghanistan \u2013 AfghanistanChamber.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sothebys.com\/en\/auctions\/ecatalogue\/2013\/travel-atlases-maps-natural-history-l13401\/lot.206.html\" >Afghanistan-Soviet relations \u2013 Sothebys.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland\" >Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland<\/a> is divided into the independent republics of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zambia\" >Zambia<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malawi\" >Malawi<\/a>, and the British-controlled <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhodesia\" >Rhodesia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Navy_SEALs\" >United States Navy SEALs<\/a> established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Samoa\" >Western Samoa<\/a> achieves independence from New Zealand; its name is changed to the Independent State of Western Samoa.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Samoa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ws.html\" >SAMOA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Samoa\" >Western Samoa \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.samoagovt.ws\/\" >Government of Samoa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/samoa.html\" >Samoa \u2013 Infopleasec.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/samoa.htm\" >Samoa \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Samoa.aspx\" >Samoa \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Samoa-island-nation-Pacific-Ocean\" >Samoa \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factmonster.com\/country\/samoa.html\" >Samoa \u2013 FactMonster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/No-Sa\/Samoa.html\" >Samoa \u2013 Culture \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-15655855\" >Samoa country profile \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Samoa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Samoa\" >Foreign relations of Western Samoa \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mfat.gov.ws\/\" >Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Samoa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographyiq.com\/countries\/ws\/Samoa_relations_summary.htm\" >Samoa Foreign Relations \u2013 GeopraphyIQ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/1842.htm\" >US Relations With Samoa \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Western Samoa and the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.int\/samoa\/\" >Permanent Mission of the Independent State of Samoa to the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Samoa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Samoa\" >History of Samoa \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.samoa.travel\/page\/history-of-samoa\" >History of Samoa \u2013 Samoa.travel<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.polynesia.com\/polynesian_culture\/samoa\/history-and-discovery.html\" >Samoa \u2013 History \u2013 Polynesia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/live.isitesoftware.co.nz\/samoa2012\/abriefhistoryofsamoa\/\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF SAMOA \u2013 IsiteSoftware.co.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-15673462\" >Samoa profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Economy of Samoa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Samoa\" >Economy of Samoa \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/pacificislands\" >Pacific Islands (including Samoa) \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/samoa\" >Samoa \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/samoa\" >Samoa \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERIGATE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adb.org\/countries\/samoa\/economy\" >Samoa: Economy \u2013 ASIA DEVELOPMENT BANK \u2013 ADB.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cameroon\" >Cameroon<\/a> achieves independence from France and the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fulgencio_Batista\" >Fulgencio Batista<\/a>, dictator of Cuba, is overthrown by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fidel_Castro\" >Fidel Castro<\/a>\u2018s forces during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuban_Revolution\" >Cuban Revolution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Economic_Community\" >European Economic Community<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>European Integration and Its History:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hague_Congress_%281948%29\" >Hague Congress (1948) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Schuman\" >Robert Shuman \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_%281945%E2%80%9357%29\" >History of the European Coal and Steel Community (1947-57) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_European_Union\" >History of the European Union \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Council_of_Europe#History\" >History \u2013 Council of Europe \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Communities\" >European Communities \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federalist_flag#Symbolism\" >\u201c<em>Today, the flag no longer simply stands for European unity, but for the political struggle for a European federation<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Symbolism \u2013 Federalist flag \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supranational_union\" >Supranational union \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schuman_Declaration\" >Schuman Declaration \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_integration\" >European integration \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historiasiglo20.org\/europe\/\" >The History of the European Union \u2013 The European Citizenship \u2013 Historiasiglo20.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historiasiglo20.org\/europe\/integra.htm\" ><strong>European integration process<\/strong> \u2013 The History of the European Union \u2013 The European Citizenship \u2013 Historiasiglo20.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historiasiglo20.org\/europe\/anteceden2.htm\" ><strong>The Origins 1945-1957<\/strong> \u2013 The History of the European Union \u2013 The European Citizenship \u2013 Historiasiglo20.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/vlib.iue.it\/hist-eur-integration\/Index.html\" >European Integration History Index \u2013 IUe.it<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.studymode.com\/essays\/a-Brief-History-Of-European-Integration-150134.html\" >A Brief History of European Integration \u2013 StudyMode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/about-eu\/eu-history\/index_en.htm\" >History of the European Union \u2013 Europa.eu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_European_Union\" >History of the European Union \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.futurelearn.com\/courses\/why-europe\" >Why the European Union? A Brief History of the European Integration \u2013 FutureLearn.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.daveursillo.com\/origins-of-the-european-union\/\" >Origins of the European Union \u2013 DaveUrsillo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/one-europe.info\/eurographics\/history-of-the-european-integration\" >History of the European Integration \u2013 One-Europa.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_integration\" >European integration \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/fandd\/2014\/03\/moghadam.htm\" >Europe\u2019s Road to Integration \u2013 IMF.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.tufts.edu\/enricospolaore\/files\/2012\/08\/Euro-June-2013.pdf\" >What Is European Integration Really About? : A Political Guide for Economists, by Enrico Spolaore \u2013 June 2013 \u2013 Tufts.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Hague Congress of 1948:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hague_Congress_%281948%29\" >Hague Congress (1948) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cvce.eu\/en\/recherche\/unit-content\/-\/unit\/04bfa990-86bc-402f-a633-11f39c9247c4\" >The Congress of Europe in The Hague (7-10 May 1948) \u2013 CVCE.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cvce.eu\/en\/obj\/the_hague_congress_7_10_may_1948-en-2b82af66-5a01-468d-a241-c214afa19407.html\" >The Hague Congress (7-10 May 1948) \u2013 Video \u2013 CVCE.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Treaty of London of 1949:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Treaty_of_London_%281949%29&amp;redirect=no\" >Treaty of London (1949) \u2013 Wikipeida = Statute of the Council of Europe \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Council of Europe:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/\" >Council of Europe \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/about-us\/who-we-are\" >Council of Europe \u2013 Who we are \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Council_of_Europe#History\" >History \u2013 Council of Europe \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statute_of_the_Council_of_Europe\" >Statute of the Council of Europe \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/doc\/Publication\/UNTS\/Volume%2087\/volume-87-I-1168-English.pdf\" >Statute of the Council of Europe \u2013 UN.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Robert Schuman:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/about-eu\/eu-history\/founding-fathers\/pdf\/robert_schuman_en.pdf\" >Robert Schuman \u2013 the architect of the European integration project \u2013 Europa.edu \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/2WWschuman.htm\" >Robert Schuman \u2013 Spartacus-Educational.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.strasbourg-europe.eu\/robert-schuman,34600,en.html\" >Robert Schuman \u2013 Strasbourg-Europe.eu<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/users.belgacombusiness.net\/schuman\/\" >ROBERT SCHUMAN \u2013 BelgacomBusiness.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Robert-Schuman\" >Robert Schuman \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Schuman Declaration:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schuman_Declaration#Background\" >Background \u2013 <strong>Schuman Declaration<\/strong> \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Full Text of the<\/em><em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/users.belgacombusiness.net\/schuman\/9May1950.htm\" >SCHUMAN DECLARATION \u2013 SPEECH OF 9 MAY 1950 \u2013 BalgacomBusiness.net<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1950\/5\/9\/the-schuman-declaration\" >May 9 1950: Schuman Declaration \u2013 WorldHistoryProject.org<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.robert-schuman.eu\/en\/declaration-of-9-may-1950\" >Declaration of May 9 \u2013 Robert-schuman.eu<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.robert-schuman.eu\/en\/robert-schuman\" >Robert Schuman\u2019s life history \u2013 Robert-Schuman.eu<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong>An <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Republican_Army_%281922%E2%80%9369%29\" >Irish Republican Army<\/a> (IRA) unit attacks <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brookeborough\" >Brookeborough<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary\" >RUC<\/a> barracks during <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Border_Campaign_%28Irish_Republican_Army%29\" >Operation Harvest<\/a>; two IRA volunteers killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Operation Harvest:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theirishstory.com\/tag\/operation-harvest\/\" >Operation Harvest \u2013 The Irish Story \u2013 theirishstory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Border_Campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)\" >Border Campaign (Irish Republican Army) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/irishrepublicanmarxisthistoryproject.wordpress.com\/2015\/09\/11\/ira-poster-from-1957-operation-harvest\/\" >IRA POSTER FROM 1957 \u2013 OPERATION HARVEST \u2013 irishrepublicanmarxisthistoryproject.wordpress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Irish Republican Army (IRA)\/Provisional Republican Army (PIRA):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/separatist-terrorism\/provisional-irish-republican-army-ira-aka-pira-provos-oglaigh-na-heireann-uk-separatists\/p9240\" >Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) (aka, PIRA, \u201cthe provos,\u201d \u00d3glaigh na h\u00c9ireann) (UK separatists) \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations, by Kathryn Gregory \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/para\/ira.htm\" >Irish Republican Army (IRA), Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) the Provos Direct Action Against Drugs (DADD) \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/military.wikia.com\/wiki\/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army\" >Provisional Irish Republican Army \u2013 Military.Wikia.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/hi\/english\/static\/in_depth\/northern_ireland\/2001\/provisional_ira\/\" >Provisional IRA: War, ceasefire, endgame? \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/search\/provisional%20irish%20republican%20army\" >PROVISIONAL IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY \u2013 Tumblr.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Irish-Republican-Army\" >Irish Republican Army \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Republican_Army\" >Irish Republican Army \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/irish-republican-army\/\" >Irish Republican Army \u2013 News Archives \u2013 The Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/terrorism.about.com\/od\/groupsleader1\/p\/IRA.htm\" >Guide to the Irish Republican Army \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Irish-Republican-Army\" >Irish Republican Army \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/irish-republican-army.html\" >Irish Republican Army \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/para\/ira.htm\" >Irish Republican Army (IRA) \u2013 Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) \u2013 the Provos \u2013 Direct Action Against Drugs (DADD) \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/terrorism.about.com\/od\/groupsleader1\/p\/IRA.htm\" >Guide to the Irish Republican Army \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.emich.edu\/cerns\/downloads\/papers\/PoliceStaff\/Unsorted\/Irish%20Republican%20Army.pdf\" >Terrorism \u2013 Irish Republican Army, by Michele Koznicki, Corey Willett, Michal Griffin, Eric Manley, and Ronald Matten \u2013 Eastern Michigan University<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>IRA\u2019s Terrorism:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_London#Irish_republican_attacks_during_.22the_Troubles.22\" >Irish republican attacks during the \u201cTroubles\u201d \u2013 List of terrorist incidents in London \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldreportnews.com\/europe-archived\/terrorism-and-the-ira-methodologies-and-context\" >Terrorism and the IRA: Methodologies and Context \u2013 WorldReportNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_%281990%E2%80%9399%29\" >Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1990-99) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk\/2005\/jul\/07\/terrorism.july73\" >London past terror attacks \u2013 Thursday, 7 July 2005 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/uknews\/terrorism-in-the-uk\/11071080\/IRA-terror-suspects-to-lose-immunity-from-prosecution.html\" >IRA terror suspects to lose immunity from prosecution \u2013 2 Sep 2014 \u2013 TheTelegraph.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/forum.prisonplanet.com\/index.php?topic=178608.35;wap2\" >New 7\/7 London Bombings Documentary \u2013 PrisonPlanet.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.stedwards.edu\/craigc-culf331111fa2014\/group-europe\/the-gunpowder-plot\/\" >IRA Terrorism \u2013 Global Issues on Terrorism \u2013 Fall 2014 \u2013 Stedwards.edu<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/terrorism09.wikispaces.com\/Irish+Republican+Army\" >Irish Republican Army \u2013 History Assignment: Terrorism in the 20<sup>th<\/sup> Century, by Luke Styles and Tom Nicol \u2013 WikiSpaces.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.terrorismanalysts.com\/pt\/index.php\/pot\/article\/view\/96\/html\" >The Impact of Terrorism on Democracy in Northern Ireland, by Alex Schmidt \u2013 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM \u2013 TerrorismAnalysists.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.trackingterrorism.org\/group\/irish-republican-army-ira\" >Irish Republican Army (IRA) \u2013 TERRORISM RESEARCH &amp; ANALYSIS CONSORTIUM \u2013 TrackingTerrorism.org<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_Great_Britain\" >List of terrorism incidents in Great Britain \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.freerepublic.com\/focus\/f-news\/1982170\/posts\" >Irish Terrorism goes to Islamic (IRA and Muslim terrorists) \u2013 3\/7\/2008 \u2013 FreeRepublic.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of the IRA:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/irishistory.blogspot.co.uk\/2013\/08\/history-of-irish-republican-army-irish.html\" >History of the Irish Republican Army \u2013 Irish History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/history\/history-of-the-irish-republican-army-history-essay.php\" >History of the Irish Republican Army History Essay \u2013 UKEssays.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.timetoast.com\/timelines\/history-of-the-irish-republican-army\" >History of the Irish Republican Army \u2013 Video \u2013 TimeToast.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1956\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sudan\" >Sudan<\/a> achieves independence from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egypt\" >Egypt<\/a> and the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Sudan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/su.html\" >SUDAN \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Sudan\" >Sudan \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Sudan\" >Sudan \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/sudan.html\" >Sudan \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-14094995\" >Sudan country profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/sudan.htm\" >Sudan \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Sudan#Independence_.282011.29\" >South Sudan and independence from Sudan in 2011 \u2013 South Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Sudan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Sudan\" >Foreign relations of Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/sudan\/ri369\" >Sudan \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/5424.htm\" >US Relations with Sudan \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/sudan\/forrel.htm\" >Sudan \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People\" >China-Sudan relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/foreignpolicy.com\/tag\/sudan\" >Sudan | Foreign Policy \u2013 ForeignPolicy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_South_Sudan\" >Foreign relations of South Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.southsudaninfo.com\/Foreign_Relations_of_South_Sudan\" >Foreign Relations of South Sudan \u2013 SouthSudanInfo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Sudan and the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.int\/sudan\/\" >Permanent Mission of the Republic of the Sudan to the United Nations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unog.ch\/unog\/website\/missions.nsf\/%28httpPermanentMissions_en%29\/40CBDE5BDBB517E6C1256F4100452066?OpenDocument\" >Permanent Mission of Sudan to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Human Rights in Sudan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights_in_Sudan\" >Human rights in Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/africa\/sudan\" >Sudan \u2013 Human Rights Watch \u2013 HRW.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/africa\/south-sudan\" >South Sudan \u2013 Human Rights Watch \u2013 HRW.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/our-work\/countries\/africa\/sudan\" >Sudan Human Rights \u2013 Amnesty International \u2013 AmnestyUSA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/countries\/AfricaRegion\/Pages\/SDIndex.aspx\" >Sudan \u2013 UN High Commissioner for Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Sudan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Sudan\" >History of Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/sudan\/\" >Sudan \u2013 History \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa86\" >HISTORY OF THE SUDAN \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sudanembassy.org\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;id=32&amp;Itemid=48\" >History Of Sudan \u2013 Embassy of the Republic of the Sudan, Washington DC \u2013 SudanEmbassy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.waterforsouthsudan.org\/brief-history-of-south-sudan\" >A brief history of modern Sudan and South Sudan \u2013 WaterForSouthSudan.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/sudan\/p\/SudanHist1.htm\" >A Brief History of Sudan \u2013 Part 1 \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sudan.net\/history.php\" >Sudan: Historical Perspective \u2013 Sudan.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-14095300\" >Sudan profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Economy of Sudan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Sudan\" >Economy of Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/sudan\" >SUDAN \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/sudan\" >Sudan \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/sudan\" >Sudan \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/country.eiu.com\/Sudan\" >Sudan \u2013 The Economist \u2013 EIU.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/sudan-economy.html\" >Sudan \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_South_Sudan\" >Economy of South Sudan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBC\" >NBC<\/a> makes the first coast-to-coast <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NTSC\" >NTSC<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Color_television\" >color broadcast<\/a> when it telecast the Tournament of Roses Parade, with public demonstrations given across the United States on prototype color receivers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong>Standard practice uses this day as the origin of the age scale <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Before_Present\" >Before Present<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" >United Nations<\/a> cease-fire takes effect in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kashmir\" >Kashmir<\/a> from one minute before midnight. War between India and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a> stops accordingly.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>History of the India-Pakistan Wars:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/india-pakistan-wars.html\" >India-Pakistan Wars \u2013 The 1947-48 War; The 1965 War; The 1971 War; Bibliography \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts\" >Indo-Pakistan wars and conflicts \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/India-Pakistan_Wars.aspx\" >India-Pakistan Wars \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bharatadesam.com\/history\/india_pakistan_wars.php\" >India-Pakistan Wars \u2013 Bharatadesam.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1961-1968\/india-pakistan-war\" >The India-Pakistan War of 1965 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalpost.com\/dispatch\/news\/war\/conflict-zones\/130814\/analysis-are-india-and-pakistan-headed-war\" >Analysis: Are India and Pakistan headed for war? , by Jason Overdorf \u2013 Aug 15, 2013 \u2013 GlobalPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2014\/10\/19\/icymi-india-pakistan-head-for-nuke-war.html\" >ICYMI: India-Pakistan Head for Nuke War, by Bruce Riedel \u2013 10.19.14 \u2013 The Daily Beast \u2013 TheDailyBeast.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questia.com\/library\/history\/military-history\/wars-battles-and-military-interventions\/india-pakistan-wars\" >India-Pakistan Wars: Selected full textbooks and articles \u2013 Questa.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780199791279\/obo-9780199791279-0145.xml\" >India-Pakistan Wars \u2013 Oxford Bibliographies \u2013 OxfordBibliographies.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/spotlight\/kashmirtheforgottenconflict\/2011\/06\/2011615113058224115.html\" >Timeline: India-Pakistan relations, by Asad Hashim \u2013 27 May 2014 \u2013 Aljazeera.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Italy\" >Constitution of Italy<\/a> comes into force.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Constitution of Italy of 1948:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Italy\" >Constitution of Italy \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Constitution-of-1948\" >Constitution of 1948 \u2013 History of Italy \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Text of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.constitutionnet.org\/files\/Italy.Constitution.pdf\" >THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ITALICAN REPUBLIC, 1948 \u2013 constitutionnet.org &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong>The American and British occupation zones in Germany, after World War II, merge to form the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizone\" >Bizone<\/a>, which later (with the French zone) became part of West Germany.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The German <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luftwaffe\" >Luftwaffe<\/a><\/em> launches <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Bodenplatte\" >Operation Bodenplatte<\/a><\/em>, a massive, but failed attempt to knock out <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allied<\/a> air power in northern Europe in a single blow.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: In retaliation for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malmedy_massacre\" >Malmedy massacre<\/a>, US troops massacre 30 SS prisoners at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chenogne_massacre\" >Chenogne<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Declaration_by_United_Nations\" >Declaration by United Nations<\/a> is signed by twenty-six nations.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Declaration of the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/sections\/history-united-nations-charter\/1942-declaration-united-nations\/index.html\" >1942: Declaration of the United Nations \u2013 un.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Declaration_by_United_Nations\" >Declaration by the United Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/pha\/policy\/1942\/420101a.html\" >DECLARATION BY THE UNITED NATIONS \u2013 ibiblio.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1934\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi Germany<\/a> passes the \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_eugenics\" >Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>History of Nazi Germany:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123helpme.com\/view.asp?id=22684\" >History of Nazi Germany \u2013 World War II History \u2013 123HelpMe.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/alphahistory.com\/nazigermany\/the-origins-of-nazism\/\" >THE ORIGINS OF NAZISM \u2013 alphahistory.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/GERnazigermany.htm\" >Nazi Germany \u2013 Spartacus-educational.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/naziregime.html\" >Nazi Regime in Germany \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.co.uk\/study-topics\/history-of-ww2\/nazi-germany\" >Nazi Germany \u2013 history.co.uk<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/hiddenhistoryhumanity.com\/German\/7%20NaziGermanyEsotericHistory.html\" >Nazi Germany \u2013 An Austro-Historical Analysis \u2013 hiddenhistoryhumanity.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/revisiting-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-third-reich-20231221\/?no-ist\" >The Revisiting The Rise and the Fall of the Third Reich \u2013 smithsonianmag.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/ss\" >THE SS \u2013 history.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/aaregistry.org\/historic_events\/view\/black-history-nazi-germany-brief-story\" >BLACK HISTORY IN NAZI GERMANY, A BRIEF HISTORY \u2013 aaregistry.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyonthenet.com\/Chronology\/timelinenazigermany.htm\" >Nazi Germany Timeline \u2013 historyonthenet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/nazi-party\" >NAZI PARTY \u2013 history.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany#History\" >History \u2013 <strong>Nazi Germany<\/strong> \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980\/nazi-germany\/\" >Nazi Germany \u2013 historylearningsite.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yadvashem.org\/yv\/en\/holocaust\/about\/01\/persecution.asp#%21prettyPhoto\" >Nazi Germany and the Jews 1933-1939 \u2013 Rise of the Nazis and Beginning of Persecution \u2013 Yadvashem.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1928\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Bazhanov\" >Boris Bazhanov<\/a> defects through <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iran<\/a>. He is the only assistant of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Stalin\" >Joseph Stalin<\/a>\u2018s secretariat to have <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_Bloc_emigration_and_defection\" >defected from the Eastern Bloc<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkey<\/a> adopts the Gregorian calendar: December 18, 1926 (Julian), is immediately followed by January 1, 1927 (Gregorian).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cristero_War\" >Cristero War<\/a> begins in Mexico.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belorussian_Communist_Organisation\" >Belorussian Communist Organisation<\/a> is founded as a separate party.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1916\u00a0 <\/strong>German troops abandon <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yaound%C3%A9\" >Yaound\u00e9<\/a> and their <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cameroon\" >Kamerun<\/a> colony to British forces and begin the long march to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish_Guinea\" >Spanish Guinea<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Board_of_Film_Classification\" >British Board of Censors<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1912<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_China_%281912%E2%80%9349%29\" >Republic of China<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Republic of China:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%9349)\" >Republic of China (1912-49) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/totallyhistory.com\/the-republic-of-china-1912-1949\/\" >The Republic of China (1912-1949) \u2013 totallyhistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chaos.umd.edu\/history\/republican.html\" >Republican China \u2013 umd.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1912_in_China\" >1912 in China &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1911\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Territory\" >Northern Territory<\/a> is separated from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Australia\" >South Australia<\/a> and transferred to Commonwealth control.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1909\u00a0 <\/strong>Drilling begins on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lakeview_Gusher\" >Lakeview Gusher<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_India\" >British India<\/a> officially adopts <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Standard_Time\" >Indian Standard Time<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1901 <\/strong>The British colonies of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_South_Wales\" >New South Wales<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queensland\" >Queensland<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victoria_%28Australia%29\" >Victoria<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Australia\" >South Australia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tasmania\" >Tasmania<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Australia\" >Western Australia<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federation_of_Australia\" >federate<\/a> as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" >Commonwealth of Australia<\/a>; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edmund_Barton\" >Edmund Barton<\/a> is appointed the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Australia\" >Prime Minister<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1901\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria<\/a> becomes a British protectorate.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>British Protectorate:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protectorate\" >Protectorate \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Protectorate-English-government\" >Protectorate \u2013 British government \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/protectorate-english-history.html\" >Protectorate (in English history) \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.whatpassport.com\/countries\/British-Protectorates\" >British Protectorates \u2013 WhatPassport.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nigeria and the British Protectorate:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colonial_Nigeria\" >Colonial Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dcstamps.com\/?p=164\" >Southern Nigeria Protectorate (1900-1914) \u2013 DCStamps,com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate\" >Northern Nigeria Protectorate \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Nigeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Nigeria\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Nigeria\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/nigeria-history.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad41\" >HISTORY OF NIGERIA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123independenceday.com\/nigeria\/history.html\" >History of Nigeria \u2013 123IndependenceDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/3.htm\" >History \u2013 Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.glpinc.org\/Classroom%20Activities\/Nigeria%20Articles\/Nigeria-history%20since%201960.htm\" >History of Nigeria since 1960 \u2013 GLPINC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nigeriaembassyusa.org\/index.php?page=nigeria-past-present-and-future\" >NIGERIA \u2013 PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE \u2013 NigeriaEmbassyUSA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Nigerian_history\" >Timeline of Nigerian history \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13951696\" >Nigeria profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/nigeria\/history\" >Nigeria \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nigeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ni.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/\" >Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/nigeria.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nigeriaworld.com\/\" >Nigeria \u2013 NigeriaWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/topics\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 The Economist<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Nigeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Nigeria\" >Foreign relations of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/80.htm\" >Foreign Relations of Nigeria \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/democratization\/nigeria\/p30819\" >Nigeria \u2013 Council of Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/2836.htm\" >US Relations with Nigeria \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nigeria and the United Nations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria_and_the_United_Nations\" >Nigeria and the United Nations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nigeriaunmission.org\/\" >PERMANENT MISSION OF NIGERIA TO THE UNITED NATIONS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nigerian-mission.ch\/\" >Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations, Geneva<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ng.undp.org\/\" >United Nations Development Programme \u2013 Nigeria<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unodc.org\/nigeria\/\" >United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime \u2013 Nigeria<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unep.org\/disastersandconflicts\/CountryOperations\/Nigeria\/tabid\/54124\/Default.aspx\" >United Nations Environmental Programme \u2013 Nigeria<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/en\/unesco\/worldwide\/africa\/nigeria\/\" >UNESCO: Building peace in the minds of men and women \u2013 Nigeria<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Human Rights in Nigeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/1995\/Nigeria.htm\" >Nigeria \u2013 THE OGONI CRISIS \u2013 July 1995 \u2013 Human Rights Watch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/Countries\/AFRICARegion\/Pages\/NGIndex.aspx\" >Nigeria \u2013 UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights_in_Nigeria\" >Human rights in Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amnestyusa.org\/our-work\/countries\/africa\/nigeria\" >Nigeria Human Rights \u2013 Amnesty International<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/africa\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Human Rights Watch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.derechos.org\/human-rights\/afr\/nigeria\/\" >Human Rights in Nigeria \u2013 Derechos.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/friendsofhumanity.ch\/training-on-women-rights-in-rural-communities-in-nigeria\/\" >Women Rights in Nigeria \u2013 Friends of Humanity \u2013 FriendsOfHumanity.ch<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Economy of Nigeria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Nigeria\" >Economy of Nigeria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/nigeria\/52.htm\" >Nigeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/nigeria-economy.html\" >Nigeria \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.123independenceday.com\/nigeria\/economy.html\" >Economy of Nigeria \u2013 123IndependenceDay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.afdb.org\/en\/countries\/west-africa\/nigeria\/nigeria-economic-outlook\/\" >Nigeria Economic Outlook \u2013 AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/nigeria\" >Nigeria \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1899\u00a0 <\/strong>Spanish rule ends in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\" >Cuba<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>History of Cuba:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Cuba\" >History of Cuba \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.countriesquest.com\/caribbean\/cuba\/history\/spanish_rule\/colonization.htm\" >Spanish Rule, Colonization \u2013 CountriesQuest.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cubahistory.org\/en\/spanish-settlement.html\" >Spanish Settlement \u2013 CubaHistory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/socyberty.com\/history\/cuban-life-during-spanish-colonial-rule\/\" >Cuban Life During Spanish Colonial Rule \u2013 Socyberty.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Cuba-history.htm\" >History of Cuba \u2013 NationalOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofcuba.com\/cuba.htm\" >500 YEARS OF CUBAN HISTORY \u2013 HistoryOfCuba.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/cuba-history.html\" >Cuba \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-19576144\" >Cuba profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1890\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eritrea\" >Eritrea<\/a> is consolidated into a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colony\" >colony<\/a> by the Italian government.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Eritrea and Its History:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eritrea\" >Eritrea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geography_of_Eritrea\" >Geography of Eritrea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Politics_of_Eritrea\" >Politics of Eritrea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religion_in_Eritrea\" >Religion of Eritrea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/eritrea.html\" >Eritrea \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Eritrea\" >Eritrea \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Eritrea\" >History of Eritrea \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/eritrea\/p\/EritreaHist1.htm\" >A Brief History of Eritrea Part 1 \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad18\" >HISTORY OF ERITREA \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eritreadaily.net\/Menu\/History.htm\" >Brief geo-political history of Eritrea \u2013 EritreaDaily.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13349395\" >Eritrea profile: Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Eritrean War of Independence:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Eritrean_War_of_Independence\" >Eritrean War of Independence \u2013 New World Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.self.gutenberg.org\/articles\/eritrean_war_of_independence\" >ERITREAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE \u2013 Gutenberg.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dissidentvoice.org\/2014\/12\/eritreas-struggle-for-independence\/\" >Eritrea\u2019s Struggle for Independence, by Andre Vltchek \u2013 December 14, 2014 \u2013 DissidentVoice.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1885\u00a0 <\/strong>Twenty-five nations adopt <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sandford_Fleming\" >Sandford Fleming<\/a>\u2018s proposal for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard_time\" >standard time<\/a> (and also, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_zone\" >time zones<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>1880\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferdinand_de_Lesseps\" >Ferdinand de Lesseps<\/a> begins French construction of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panama_Canal\" >Panama Canal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1877\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Victoria\" >Queen Victoria<\/a> of the United Kingdom is proclaimed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empress_of_India\" >Empress of India<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1873\u00a0 <\/strong>Japan begins using the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregorian_calendar\" >Gregorian calendar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1861\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz\" >Porfirio D\u00edaz<\/a> conquers Mexico City, Mexico.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1833\u00a0 <\/strong>The United Kingdom claims sovereignty over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Falkland_Islands\" >Falkland Islands<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1822\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_Constitution_of_1822\" >Greek Constitution of 1822<\/a> is adopted by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_National_Assembly_at_Epidaurus\" >First National Assembly at Epidaurus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Modern History of Greece:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_modern_Greece\" >History of modern Greece \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/video.minpress.gr\/wwwminpress\/aboutgreece\/aboutgreece_history.pdf\" >HISTORY OF MODERN GREECE, by S. Petmezas \u2013 MinPress.gr \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.in2greece.com\/english\/historymyth\/history\/general\/modern.htm\" >History of modern Greece \u2013 In2Greece.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mlahanas.de\/Greece\/History\/ModernHistory.html\" >History of modern Greece \u2013 MLAHANAS.de<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/greece-history.html\" >Greece \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1808\u00a0 <\/strong>The importation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slavery\" >slaves<\/a> into the United States is banned.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1806\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Republican_Calendar\" >French Republican Calendar<\/a> is abolished.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1804\u00a0 <\/strong>French rule ends in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haiti\" >Haiti<\/a>. Haiti becomes the first black republic and second independent country in North America after the United States<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>History of Haiti:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Haiti\" >History of Haiti \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.travelinghaiti.com\/history.asp\" >The History of Haiti \u2013 TravelingHaiti.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/History\/Haiti-history.htm\" >History of Haiti \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/haiti-history.html\" >Haiti \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/frontlineworld\/rough\/2007\/12\/haiti_belos_sonlinks.html\" >Haiti\u2019s History \u2013 FRONTLINE WORLD \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.language-works.com\/Haiti\/history.htm\" >Haiti: A Brief History \u2013 Language-Work.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/faculty\/watkins\/haiti.htm\" >Political and Economic History of Haiti \u2013 San Jos\u00e9 State University Department of Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Haiti:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ha.html\" >Haiti \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/haiti\/\" >Haiti \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Haiti\" >Haiti \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/haiti.html\" >Haiti \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/haiti.htm\" >Haiti \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/haiti\/haiti-current-upheaval\/p7819\" >HAITI \u2013 Current Upheaval \u2013 March 2, 2004 \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Haiti:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Haiti\" >Foreign relations of Haiti \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/haiti\/80.htm\" >FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 HAITI \u2013 CountryStudes.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/1982.htm\" >US Relations with Haiti \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/haiti\/ri335\" >Haiti \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Economy of Haiti:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Haiti\" >Economy of Haiti \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/haiti-economy.html\" >Haiti \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/haiti\" >Haiti \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/haiti\" >Haiti \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>____________________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(<em>Sources and references:<\/em><\/strong><em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/december_26\" >https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/december_26<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0january<strong>_1<\/strong>; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/events\/december\/26\" >http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/events\/december\/26<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0to <strong>january\/1<\/strong>;\u00a0\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/december_26.html\" >http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/december_26.html<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0 to <strong>january_1.html<\/strong>; and other pertinent web sites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<\/em><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and\/or documents.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about \u201cpeace\u201d, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external\/outer peace and internal\/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and\/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address \u201cpeace\u201d.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dec 26-Jan 1 ~ QUOTE OF THE WEEK: \u201cThe ultimate lesson all of us have to learn is unconditional love, which includes not only others but ourselves as well.\u201d \u2013 Elisabeth K\u00fcbler-Ross<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79949"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79949\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}