{"id":80725,"date":"2016-10-03T13:08:43","date_gmt":"2016-10-03T12:08:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=80725"},"modified":"2016-10-03T13:07:40","modified_gmt":"2016-10-03T12:07:40","slug":"a-look-back-at-what-snowden-told-the-world-about-the-u-s-israel-relationship","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2016\/10\/a-look-back-at-what-snowden-told-the-world-about-the-u-s-israel-relationship\/","title":{"rendered":"A Look Back at What Snowden Told the World about the U.S.-Israel Relationship"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_80726\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/SnowdenWired.jpg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-80726\" class=\"wp-image-80726\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/SnowdenWired.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of Edward Snowden on the cover of Wired magazine. Photo: Mike Mozart\/Flickr\" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/SnowdenWired.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/SnowdenWired-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/SnowdenWired-768x509.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-80726\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of Edward Snowden on the cover of Wired magazine.<br \/> Photo: Mike Mozart\/Flickr<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>29 Sep 2016 &#8211; <\/em>Edward Snowden remains exiled in Russia. But the former intelligence contractor and National Security Agency-whistleblower has captured headlines in recent weeks, thanks to a confluence of events.<\/p>\n<p>Snowden is the focus of Oliver Stone\u2019s new biopic, aptly called \u201cSnowden,\u201d which focuses on how Snowden went from a right-leaning CIA employee and NSA contractor to an internationally renowned leaker and whistleblower who blew the lid off mass surveillance in the digital age.<\/p>\n<p>httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QlSAiI3xMh4<\/p>\n<p>Coinciding with the movie is a new campaign, lead by the American Civil Liberties Union, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, to convince President Obama to pardon Snowden because he \u201cprovided a public service by revealing a secret, global system of mass surveillance that violated the U.S. Constitution and was adopted without the public\u2019s consent,\u201d as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pardonsnowden.org\/\" >website PardonSnowden.org<\/a> puts it. And then there was the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/intelligence.house.gov\/news\/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=692\" >House Intelligence Committee report on Snowden<\/a>, which came out around the same time as the movie and pardon campaign. The report harshly criticizes Snowden as a man who did damage to U.S. national security.<\/p>\n<p>Snowden has sparked a fierce debate in the U.S. over the NSA\u2019s mass surveillance of citizens. But he also revealed a great deal about the U.S.-Israeli relationship. Snowden\u2019s leaks provide an unprecedented look at how the U.S. and Israel share intelligence, and also reveal the tensions in the relationship.<\/p>\n<p>With Snowden back in the news, <em>Mondoweiss<\/em> reviews what he told the world about the U.S.-Israel relationship. Here is a look at those revelations.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>The Guardian <\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/sep\/11\/nsa-americans-personal-data-israel-documents\" >published<\/a> the first report on the U.S.-Israel relationship based on the Snowden documents in September 2013. The paper revealed that the NSA shares raw signals intelligence, including information about American citizens, with Israel\u2019s Unit 8200, the renowned military intelligence branch of the Israeli army. (Signals intelligence is electronic signals from communication systems, and can include metadata and content from phone calls, e-mails, text messages and more.) While the agreement on intelligence sharing stresses that Israeli agents cannot deliberately target Americans included in the data and have to comply with U.S. privacy laws, there is no legal force behind those commitments. Tellingly, the document does note that any U.S. government communications must be destroyed by Israel if they happen upon it. James Bamford, a journalist who has closely tracked the NSA over the years, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/09\/17\/opinion\/israels-nsa-scandal.html\" >wrote that Snowden<\/a> told him \u201cthat the transfer of intercepts to Israel contained the communications \u2014 email as well as phone calls \u2014 of countless Arab- and Palestinian-Americans whose relatives in Israel and the Palestinian territories could become targets based on the communications.\u201d <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.statewatch.org\/news\/2013\/sep\/nsa-israel-spy-share.pdf\" >Read the document here.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The roots of the U.S.-Israeli intelligence sharing arrangement go back to 1968, according to a 1999 document published by <em>The Intercept.<\/em> That year, President Lyndon Johnson and Israeli Prime Minister Levi Eshkol signed an intelligence exchange agreement. The historical context for this agreement is key: it came one year after Israel defeated a host of Arab armies in the 1967 war, proving to the U.S. that Israel can be a reliable attack dog during the Cold War against enemies allied with the Soviet Union. Another NSA document, snippets of which were published in The Guardian, states that from the late 1990s-2007, the relationship \u201ctilted heavily in favor of Israeli security concerns.\u201d <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/document\/2014\/08\/03\/israel-us-1999-agreement\/\" >Read the 1999 document here<\/a>, and read parts of the document noting the \u201ctilt\u201d towards Israeli concerns <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/sep\/11\/nsa-americans-personal-data-israel-documents\" >here.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The NSA\u2019s partnership with Israeli intelligence extends beyond just Unit 8200\u2013it also includes intelligence sharing with the Mossad, Israel\u2019s foreign intelligence service, according to a 2013 NSA document. The NSA and its Israeli partners spy on countries in North Africa and the Middle East, South Asia and the Muslim-majority nations of the former Soviet Union. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/firstlook.org\/theintercept\/document\/2014\/08\/03\/nsa-intelligence-relationship-israel\" >Read the document here.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The Snowden leaks show the depth of cooperation between the NSA and Israeli military intelligence. But they also show the tensions that exist in the relationship. In August 2013, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/national-security\/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives\/2013\/08\/29\/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html\" ><em>Washington Post<\/em> published<\/a> the $52.6 billion \u201cblack budget\u201d for the intelligence community for that fiscal year. (The \u201cblack budget\u201d is so named because a detailed budget for intelligence is not disclosed to the public.) That document reveals that U.S. counter-intelligence operations target Israel. Other Snowden documents also reveal tension.<em> The Intercept <\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2016\/01\/28\/israeli-drone-feeds-hacked-by-british-and-american-intelligence\/\" >revealed<\/a> earlier this year that U.S. and British intelligence hacked into Israeli drone feeds to monitor Israeli incursions into Gaza, to watch out for a potential strike on Iran and find out about Israeli drone technology that it exports to other countries. And then there\u2019s documents on how Israel spies on the U.S. A 2008 NSA document, reported on in <em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/sep\/11\/nsa-americans-personal-data-israel-documents\" >The Guardian<\/a><\/em>, states that the Israelis \u201ctarget us to learn our positions on Middle East problems\u201d and that a National Intelligence Estimate ranked Israel as \u201cthe third most aggressive intelligence service against the US.\u201d Read the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/apps.washingtonpost.com\/g\/page\/national\/inside-the-2013-us-intelligence-black-budget\/420\/\" >\u201cblack budget\u201d document here<\/a>; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2016\/01\/28\/hacked-images-from-israels-drone-fleet\/\" >view photos from Israeli drone feeds here<\/a>; and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/sep\/11\/nsa-americans-personal-data-israel-documents\" >check out parts of the 2008 NSA document here.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>In 2003, and 2004, the Israelis wanted to expand the already-robust intelligence sharing relationship with the U.S. The proposal was called \u201cGladiator,\u201d and, as <em>The Intercept\u2019s<\/em> Glenn Greenwald <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2014\/08\/04\/cash-weapons-surveillance\/\" >reported,<\/a> \u201cIsrael wanted the Americans to pay hundreds of millions of dollars to fund Israeli activities.\u201d Greenwald reported that the proposal never bore fruition\u2013it was \u201cderailed\u201d because Israel wanted the U.S. to pay for the whole thing. But, Greenwald adds, \u201cdocuments in the Snowden archive pertaining to those negotiations contain what appear to be two receipts for one or more payments of $500,000 in cash to Israeli officials for unspecified purposes.\u201d <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2014\/08\/04\/cash-weapons-surveillance\/\" >Read Greenwald\u2019s article that details \u201cGladiator\u201d here.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>_________________________________________<\/p>\n<p><em>Alex Kane is a freelance journalist who focuses on Israel\/Palestine and civil liberties. Follow him on Twitter @alexbkane.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/2016\/09\/snowden-israel-relationship\/\" >Go to Original \u2013 mondoweiss.net<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Snowden revealed a great deal about the U.S.-Israeli relationship. His leaks provide an unprecedented look at how the U.S. and Israel share intelligence, and also reveal the tensions in the relationship. What he told the world about the U.S.-Israel relationship. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-whistleblowing-surveillance"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80725"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80725\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}