{"id":80858,"date":"2016-10-10T12:00:12","date_gmt":"2016-10-10T11:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=80858"},"modified":"2016-10-07T14:34:49","modified_gmt":"2016-10-07T13:34:49","slug":"hurricane-matthew-in-haiti-looking-beyond-the-disaster-narrative","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2016\/10\/hurricane-matthew-in-haiti-looking-beyond-the-disaster-narrative\/","title":{"rendered":"Hurricane Matthew in Haiti: Looking Beyond the Disaster Narrative"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Photo<\/a>

Photo by James Loesch | CC BY 2.0<\/p><\/div>\n

6 Oct 2016 – <\/em>Well-meaning people have either emailed or texted me over the past couple of days, with some variant of \u201chow are things going in Haiti?\u201d<\/p>\n

Short of people\u2019s prayers, and the question, \u201cis everyone you know ok?\u201d How indeed to respond?<\/p>\n

Hurricane Matthew is a Category 4, meaning that winds are gusting at 145 miles per hour. This is the first category 4 since 1954, Hurricane Hazel, which introduced nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to Haiti.<\/p>\n

Aside from random notes trickling in here or there, the coverage has been minimal. This is in direct contrast to the earthquake that rocked the country on January 12, 2010.<\/p>\n

Anthropologist Gina Athena Ulysse has inspired a generation of scholars, challenging us with a deceptively simple call: \u201cHaiti needs new narratives<\/a>.\u201d The coverage of this storm is an urgent case for why.<\/p>\n

Disaster aid is faciliated by media coverage. An article in Disasters<\/em><\/a> demonstrated a correlation in the amount of seconds allocated on prime time news to a particular disaster and the generosity of the response. However, the Haiti earthquake\u2019s high media profile \u2013 and the generosity it inspired \u2013 came at a price. With stories of devastation, appearing to many foreign observers as hell on earth with phrases like \u201cstate failure\u201d often repeated, foreign media coverage also naturalized foreign control of the response.<\/p>\n

The media coverage \u2013 then and now \u2013 highlights the importance of what can be called \u201cdisaster narratives.\u201d What is covered, what is not, who is hailed as a hero, whose efforts are ignored, shape the results. I detail this connection in a just-published book chapter<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The story is still unfolding. As I write this Tuesday night the category 4 storm is leisurely moving north, still dumping rain on an already fragile environment. So we won\u2019t know for quite some time the full extent of the damage.<\/p>\n

Coastal cities in the southern peninsula, including the largest cities, state capitals Les Cayes and J\u00e9remie, are under water. The main road connecting the peninsula to the rest of the country has been blocked as the bridge in Petit Go\u00e2ve has been destroyed by the torrent.<\/p>\n

The centralization of political and economic power in Port-au-Prince that began under the 1915 U.S. Occupation<\/a> and accelerated with neoliberal economic policies<\/a> imposed by the U.S. Government, multilateral agencies such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) and others renders getting relief much more difficult.<\/p>\n

Once-thriving ports and regional economies, these secondary cities are now dependent on the road to the capital for almost everything. The province of Grand\u2019Anse, with J\u00e9remie as its capital city, is particularly isolated. Its primary economic lifeline, accelerated as the asphalt road has been advancing in the past several years, is charcoal.<\/p>\n

Paradoxically because of its isolation, the Grand\u2019Anse has noticeably more trees than other provinces. But this is changing: commentators from all across Grand\u2019Anse have commented on the connection between this road and an uptick in charcoal production. Anthropologist Andrew Tarter is collecting quantitative data on charcoal.<\/p>\n

The cutting of trees for charcoal production has rendered Haiti much more vulnerable to extreme weather events. The photos of the deep brown deluge testify to the topsoil being washed away, that would have been otherwise protected by tree roots.<\/p>\n

Washing along with the soil is this season\u2019s crops. This summer many breathed a measured sigh of relief as an almost two-year drought ended. These hopes were washed away with the downpour, representing not only food to feed Haiti\u2019s exponentially growing urban population in competition with cheaper, subsidized imports, but the cash to send rural children to school. The high cost of education, and that it comes at once, is a major trigger for individual families producing charcoal in the first place.<\/p>\n

With water everywhere in the photos it is easy to forget that clean, safe, drinking water will be an urgent priority in Haiti, still battling cholera brought to the island nation six years ago this month by U.N. troops<\/a>. While finally apologizing<\/a> for the disease that killed over 9,000 in five years, the U.N. has evaded responsibility for reparations<\/a>.<\/p>\n

These longer-term impacts are unfortunately not a part of the story. Frankly I would be surprised if news outlets will be talking much about the storm at all after tomorrow, as the focus is on Matthew\u2019s impact on U.S. coastal areas. The governors of Florida and North Carolina have declared a state of emergency, issuing evacuation orders. Given the juxtaposition in this several-second media blips, one might well be wondering: why can\u2019t Haiti do that?<\/p>\n

The short answer is: they most certainly tried.<\/p>\n

The Miami Herald\u2019s <\/em>Jacqueline Charles<\/a> discussed the efforts of the elected mayor of seaside Cit\u00e9 Soleil trying to offer relocation assistance. Other local mayors refused, except for P\u00e9tion-Ville, offering emergency shelter for 200 residents (the request was 10,000). This is among the only accounts of Haitian people, particularly elected officials, doing something.<\/p>\n

Given the fragile state of infrastructure and communications, local Haitian governments, the Civil Protection Department (DPC in the original French), have been doing an admirable job of moving people out of the most danger. Residents of \u00cele-\u00e0-Vache were moved to Les Cayes, only to be doubly displaced by the deluge. In Abricots, an hour and a half from J\u00e9remie via a very difficult and rocky road, moved residents up the hill.<\/p>\n

While we outside of Haiti may not be told, grassroots organizations are doing an admirable job. In Cit\u00e9 Soleil, Konbit Sol\u00e8y Leve<\/a> has offered emergency assistance and Sakala<\/a>, shelter. Peasants associations in Camp Perrin and all over the South province are welcoming people from Les Cayes, down the hill.<\/p>\n

These patchwork efforts highlight the limitations, particularly lack of resources. Charles reported that the Cit\u00e9 Soleil government was bankrupt. The communication and logistics necessary for evacuation, emergency shelter, and life-saving food and water, are straining Haiti\u2019s already fragile economy.<\/p>\n

And yes, there are still people living in what used to be called \u201ccamps.\u201d Given official pressure to reduce the statistic, tens of thousands of people living in Karade are not \u201cinternally displaced persons\u201d since Karade is now a \u201cvillage.\u201d Not two weeks ago, residents were newly threatened with violence in an effort to force them to leave.<\/p>\n

I hesitate to write this given how Haiti has been politicized<\/a> in the most cynical way by a candidate who has expressed his hostility to immigrants and black people generally, but frankly, Haiti was not \u201cbuilt back better\u201d by the $16 billion relief effort to the 2010 earthquake, as UN Special Envoy Bill Clinton cheerfully promised.<\/p>\n

So, what now? Right after the earthquake I posted a blog on Common Dreams<\/a> offering suggestions, which basically boil down to support local efforts, initiatives, ideas, and organizations.<\/p>\n

Many people, including Haitian scholars, journalists, and social movements, have taken stock of the lessons learned from the humanitarian aftershocks<\/a>. Among them include:<\/p>\n