{"id":81869,"date":"2016-10-31T12:00:03","date_gmt":"2016-10-31T12:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=81869"},"modified":"2017-09-13T08:43:32","modified_gmt":"2017-09-13T07:43:32","slug":"from-regionalization-to-globalization-problematic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2016\/10\/from-regionalization-to-globalization-problematic\/","title":{"rendered":"From Regionalization to Globalization: Problematic"},"content":{"rendered":"

“Future of the World between Globalization and Regionalization” – European Center for Peace and Development, Belgrade, 2-29 Oct 2016<\/em><\/p>\n

Summary<\/em>: Most states are too small given the speeds of transportation and communication–hence regionalization of neighbors with cultural similarities. The biggest states, China-India-Russia-USA-Indonesia-Australia-Brazil, are in fact regions. The next step, globalization, is very problematic.\u00a0 We have overcome geographical distance but not cultural distance. And USA uses globalization for world hegemony financially.\u00a0 Better would be a North American region with Canada, for dialogue with other regions.\u00a0 The Rest will work on globalization, but how?<\/p>\n

We are witnessing these years a historical transition from a world state system to a world region system. There are about 7:<\/p>\n

ELAC-Latin America-Caribbean, AU-African Unity, EU-European Union, SAARC-South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, ASEAN-Association of Southeast Asian Nations, OIC-Organization of Islamic Cooperation, SCO-Shanghai Cooperation Organization.\u00a0 Mostly recent, so many believe the logical step from a region system to a global system, globalization, is around the corner. Two major problems, though.<\/p>\n

First, humanity is very diverse.\u00a0 The state system, based on the cultures of their dominant nations, accommodates much diversity, less than the primitive tribal and traditional village systems. However, will globalization also accommodate diversity or impose uniformity?<\/p>\n

Second, the USA may use globalization to impose a global market with no state and regional borders for financial objects, derivatives, through privatization of all central banks, coordinated by the Bank for International Settlements, BIS, the bank of banks in Basel, Switzerland.<\/p>\n

Many states, adapted in size to 20 km\/h means of transportation, not to what is now possible, have joined others with similar cultures within the same civilization.\u00a0 The civilizations are still different, giving rise to several and diverse regions.\u00a0 However, we have only one globe to globalize. There is something final about globalization. It may protect diversity.\u00a0 But it may also be uniform, one design only.<\/p>\n

Such designs exist.\u00a0 They come from the religions claiming to be single and universal truths, for all, forever: Christianity and Islam.<\/p>\n

They have messages about afterlife salvation, and salvation in this world through their globalization.\u00a0 For the Christian world headed by the United States of America, USA, and national evangelism; for the Islamic world by the Islamic State, IS, and a Sunni Caliphate.<\/p>\n

The European Union is limited to regionalization in Europe, but UK membership made it party to Anglo-American globalization.\u00a0 With USA losing its grip on the continent after Brexit the future is unclear.\u00a0 In principle USA is not party to those negotiations.<\/p>\n

What does the West in general, and USA in particular, understands by globalization?\u00a0 Not the missionary command Matt 28:18-20, but their utopia, a world government Western style, with division of power and a legislature by fair and free elections in member state constituencies, like today for the European Parliament.\u00a0 One representative\/million?<\/p>\n

And what does Islam in general, and IS in particular, understand by globalization?\u00a0 Islamization certainly, and their utopia: Islam from Casablanca to Mindanao, tomorrow beyond, in numerous provinces– not states–with countless Imam-Mosque-Shariah Court units in each; for the expanding ummah<\/em>, the community of the true believers.<\/p>\n

Western globalization is centralized, for the West in general politically, for the USA in particular economically, militarily for both–they will be in command, and with a dominant Western culture.<\/p>\n

Islamic globalization is localized, with much political autonomy, linked by Qur’anic trade economically–and a dominant Islamic culture.<\/p>\n

The two globalizations look incompatible, and they will probably tell us that they are. In fact they may not be. There is much sympathy in the world for “small is beautiful” and for “some big is necessary”.\u00a0 Islam has a model for the former, West for the latter.\u00a0 Islamic and Japanese localism, Buddhist sangha communities, Chinese communes might join the former; the West might provide a soft setting for them all.<\/p>\n

More worrisome is the cultural hegemonies: only one, or the other.<\/p>\n

And that brings us to the other civilizations and their stands on globalization.\u00a0 General answer: the very idea of global universalism is itself occidental. Others, Hindu-Buddhist-Daoist-Confucian-Japanese in Asia, and lesser ones in Africa and the Americas, are concerned with doing their own things, letting others do theirs.\u00a0 They may soon discover that this attitude is at odds with the two universalisms just described, both in their religious and in their more secular versions.<\/p>\n

But 2.1 billion Christians and 1.6 billion Muslims, even if half of humanity, cannot dictate the terms of globalization to the rest and then fight it out between the two of them.\u00a0 Is there a solution?<\/p>\n

Let us call it “soft globalization” as opposed to the hard ones, and it is not difficult to identify.\u00a0 It is based on the social trick of making conflictuous, competitive, combative actors equal<\/em> members of the same organization for shared concerns and goals, taking the brunt off their sharp edges.\u00a0 For states, the two “world” wars in Europe led to the League of Nations and to the United Nations.\u00a0 They both failed.<\/p>\n

Some were more equal than others as permanent UNSC members with veto, and fight for that privilege against reforms. But even with more power to the General Assembly, the UN members will still be states.<\/p>\n

The answer is a United Regions<\/em>, UR; 8 with North America, 11 with West Asia, Israel-Palestine and the Kurds, Central Asia split by the Durand line and East Asia by the East and South China Seas. 7, 8, 11 are good numbers around a table, better than the UN at 193. Mirroring global reality with diversity, UR stands a better chance than the UN.<\/p>\n

On the table are their relations, and political, cultural, military, economic globalization.\u00a0 Politically by consensus, meaning equality among regions and veto for all.\u00a0 Culturally by dialogue of civilizations, not monologue.\u00a0 Militarily the equality might make UR succeed where the UN did not with a Military Command.\u00a0 Economically: by regional sharing, no regional monopoly.\u00a0 A feasible, soft utopia<\/em>.<\/p>\n

_____________________________________<\/p>\n

Johan Galtung, a professor of peace studies, dr hc mult, is founder of the <\/em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment<\/a> and rector of the <\/em>TRANSCEND Peace University-TPU<\/a>. Prof. Galtung <\/em>has published 1670\u00a0articles\u00a0and book\u00a0chapters, over 450 Editorials for <\/em>TRANSCEND Media Service<\/a>, and 167 books on peace and related issues<\/em>, of which 41 have been translated into 35 languages, for a total of 135 book translations<\/em>, including \u2018<\/em>50 Years-100 Peace and Conflict Perspectives<\/a>,\u2019 published by the <\/em>TRANSCEND University Press-TUP<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The answer is a United Regions, UR; 8 with North America, 11 with West Asia, Israel-Palestine and the Kurds, Central Asia split by the Durand line and East Asia by the East and South China Seas. 7, 8, 11 are good numbers around a table, better than the UN at 193. Mirroring global reality with diversity, UR stands a better chance than the UN.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[290,355,354,287,70,172],"class_list":["post-81869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-editorial","tag-culture","tag-diversity","tag-economics","tag-power","tag-usa","tag-west"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81869"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81869\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}