{"id":96047,"date":"2017-08-07T12:00:10","date_gmt":"2017-08-07T11:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/?p=96047"},"modified":"2017-07-26T11:43:56","modified_gmt":"2017-07-26T10:43:56","slug":"this-week-in-history-142","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2017\/08\/this-week-in-history-142\/","title":{"rendered":"This Week in History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo-e1501065517548.jpeg\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-62806\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/TWH-logo-e1501065517548.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"276\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Aug 7-13, 2017<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>QUOTE OF THE WEEK:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/michelleregna\/death?utm_term=.fg17ooN9RX#.ifGB22eQrx\" >\u00a0<em>&#8220;Life asked death, &#8216;Why do people love me but hate you?&#8217; Death responded, &#8216;Because you are a beautiful lie and I am a painful truth.&#8221; <\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0<\/em>&#8211; Author unknown<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 07<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zeenews.india.com\/news\/south-asia\/nepal-bans-smoking-at-public-places_724822.html\" >Nepal<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tobaccocontrollaws.org\/legislation\/country\/india\/summary\" >India<\/a> exercises <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/13569976\/ns\/health-addictions\/t\/report-ban-smoking-public-places\/#.Va0pk_mnDK8\" >a smoking ban in public places<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Smoking in Nepal and India:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smoking_in_India\" >Smoking in India \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/medind.nic.in\/ici\/t14\/i3\/icit14i3p330.htm\" >Public opinion about smoking and smoke free legislation in a district of North India \u2013 <em>Indian Journal of Cancer, Vol. 51, No. 3, July-September, 2014, pp. 330-334<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.debate.org\/opinions\/ban-on-smoking-in-public-places-are-workers-in-smoky-public-places-being-wronged?v=yes&amp;_escaped_fragment_=&amp;_escaped_fragment_=&amp;_escaped_fragment_=&amp;_escaped_fragment_=&amp;_escaped_fragment_=&amp;_escaped_fragment_=&amp;_escaped_fragment_=#%21\" >Ban on smoking in public places: Are workers in smoky public places being wronged? \u2013 Dabate.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2008<\/strong>\u00a0 The start of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russo-Georgian_War\" >Russo-Georgian War<\/a> over the territory of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Ossetia\" >South Ossetia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Russo-Georgian War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/euromaidanpress.com\/2014\/08\/08\/how-the-russo-georgian-war-of-2008-started\/\" >How the Russo-Georgian War of 2008 Started \u2013 EuroMaidenPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia\" >International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blatantworld.com\/disputed-territory\/south-ossetia-territorial-dispute\/\" >South Ossetia \u2013 Territorial Dispute \u2013 BlatantWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blatantworld.com\/disputed-territory\/abkhazia-territorial-dispute\/\" >Abkhazia \u2013 Territorial Dispute \u2013 BlatantWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stratfor.com\/weekly\/russo_georgian_war_and_balance_power\" >The Russo-Georgian War and the Balance of Power \u2013 STRATFOR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/central\/jd\/organizations\/journals\/international\/volume28n1\/documents\/219-240.pdf\" >THE RUSSO-GEORGIAN WAR OF 2008: DEVELOPING THE LAW OF UNAUTHORIZED HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION AFTER KOSOVO, by Gregory Hafkin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.onwar.com\/aced\/chrono\/c2000s\/yr00\/russogeorgianwar2008.htm\" >Russo-Georgian War 2008 \u2013 OnWar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bostonglobe\/editorial_opinion\/oped\/articles\/2008\/08\/19\/americas_role_in_the_russo_georgian_war\/\" >America\u2019s Role in the Russo-Georgian War, by H.D.S. Greenway<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/europe\/crimea-crisis-may-seem-like-georgia-russia-situation-of-2008-but-its-really-not\/2014\/03\/02\/39db1890-a242-11e3-a5fa-55f0c77bf39c_story.html\" >Comparing the Crimea Conflict with the Georgia-Russia situation of 2008 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/russialist.org\/five-years-after-the-russian-georgian-war\/\" >Five Years After the Russo-Georgian War \u2013 2013 \u2013 RussiaList.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/260403667_THE_RUSSO-GEORGIAN_WAR_OF_2008_DEVELOPING_THE_LAW_OF_UNAUTHORIZED_HUMANITARIAN_INTERVENTION_AFTER_KOSOVO\" >Articles on the Russo-Georgian War of 2008 \u2013 ResearchGate.Net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chechnya\" >Chechnya<\/a>-based <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamic_International_Brigade\" >Islamic International Brigade<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invasion_of_Dagestan_%281999%29\" >invades<\/a> the neighboring Russian <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dagestan\" >Dagestan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings\" >The United States embassy bombings<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dar_es_Salaam\" >Dar es Salaam<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tanzania\" >Tanzania<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nairobi\" >Nairobi<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenya\" >Kenya<\/a> kill approximately 212 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1987\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lynne_Cox\" >Lynne Cox<\/a> becomes first person to swim from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>, crossing from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Little_Diomede_Island\" >Little Diomede Island<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alaska\" >Alaska<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Diomede\" >Big Diomede<\/a> in the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washington_Star\" >The Washington Star<\/a><\/em> ceases all operations after 128 years of publication.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >US President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Carter\" >Jimmy Carter<\/a> declares a federal emergency at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Love_Canal\" >Love Canal<\/a> due to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toxic_waste\" >toxic waste<\/a> that had been negligently disposed of.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viking_program\" >Viking program<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viking_2\" ><em>Viking 2<\/em><\/a> enters orbit around <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars\" >Mars<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Viking Program:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mars.jpl.nasa.gov\/\" >Mars Exploration \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov\/planetary\/viking.html\" >Viking Missions to Mars \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mars.nasa.gov\/programmissions\/missions\/past\/viking\/\" >Viking 1 &amp; 2 \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.space.com\/47-mars-the-red-planet-fourth-planet-from-the-sun.html\" >Mars Facts: Life, Water and Robot on the Red Planet \u2013 Space.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1966\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ethnic_riots\" >Race riots<\/a> occur in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lansing,_Michigan\" >Lansing, Michigan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Race Riots in Lasing, Michigan of 1966:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org\/pages\/1032.html\" >\u201cSince the mid-1960s, the nature of race riots in Chicago (as elsewhere) has significantly shifted. Although violent black\/white clashes continued into the mid-1970s, the term&#8217;s use shifted during the 1960s to refer to the uprisings of poorer blacks (or Latinos) protesting ghetto conditions, especially police brutality. Chicago has experienced several noteworthy outbreaks of this type, including the confrontation between police and the largely Puerto Rican communities of West Town and Humboldt Park during the summer of 1966\u2026\u201d \u2013 Race Riots \u2013 ENCYCLOPEDIA of CHICAGO &#8211; encyclopedia.chicagostory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.detroits-great-rebellion.com\/Kercheval---1966.html\" >\u201cIt was here in the late summer of 1966 that frustration boiled over into anger. The Kercheval mini-riot was a third-rate riot by all accounts, but it was the first sign that something was terribly amiss in Detroit.\u201d \u2013 detroits-great-rebellion.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.metapedia.org\/wiki\/Race_and_crime#Race_riots_and_mob_violence\" >Race riots and mob violence \u2013 <strong>Race and crime<\/strong> \u2013 metapedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blackfacts.com\/search\/1966\/P5\" >Black Facts for the Year 1966 matching \u2018P5\u2019 \u2013 blackfacts.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.armstrongeconomics.com\/statistics\/listing-of-us-civil-unrest-incidents\/\" >Listing US Civil Unrest Incidents \u2013 armstrongeconomics.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States \u2013 Overview:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/black-history\/civil-rights-movement\" >CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/American-civil-rights-movement\" >American civil rights movement \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/americanhistory.about.com\/od\/civilrights\/\" >Civil Rights Movement \u2013 About education \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Civil_Rights_Movement.aspx\" >Civil Rights Movement \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/ks3\/history\/20th_century\/civil_rights_movement_america\/revision\/2\/\" >Civil rights movement in America \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gilderlehrman.org\/history-now\/2006-06\/civil-rights-movement\" >The Civil Rights Movement \u2013 History Now (Summer 2006) \u2013 GliderLehrman.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.georgiaencyclopedia.org\/articles\/history-archaeology\/civil-rights-movement\" >Civil Rights Movement \u2013 Civil Rights &amp; Modern Georgia, Since 1945 \u2013 New Georgia Encyclopedia \u2013 GeorgiaEncylopedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/black-culture\/explore\/civil-rights-movement\/\" >Civil Rights Movement (1954-1984) \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/recent\/civil_rights_america_03.shtml\" >Recent History \u2013 Better Day Coming: Civil Rights Movement in the 20<sup>th<\/sup> Century America, Professor Adam Fairclough \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.civilrights.org\/resources\/civilrights101\/chronology.html\" >Civil Rights Chronology \u2013 CivilRights.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/spot\/civilrightstimeline1.html\" >Civil Rights Timeline \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sitinmovement.org\/\" >International Civil Rights Center &amp; Museum \u2013 SitiMovement.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Civil Rights Movements of Various Ethnic Minorities in the United States:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/libguides.mnhs.org\/civilrights\" >African-American Civil Rights Movement \u2013 MINNESOTA HISTORY CENTER \u2013 Libguides.MNHS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_%281954%E2%80%9368%29\" >Timeline of the African-American Civil Rights Movement (1954-68) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.civilrights.org\/resources\/civilrights101\/native.html\" >Native Americans \u2013 Civil Rights 101 \u2013 CivilRights.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.albany.edu\/jmmh\/vol3\/chicano\/chicano.html\" >Chicano! History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement. \u2013 Albany.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/racerelations.about.com\/od\/historyofracerelations\/a\/RevisitingtheYellowPowerMovement.htm\" >Asian-American Civil Rights Movement \u2013 About education \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nonviolence, Movements against Racism, and More:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nonviolence\" ><em>Nonviolence \u2013 Wikipedia<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bmartin.cc\/pubs\/08gm2.html\" ><em>How nonviolence is misrepresented, by Brian Martin \u2013 BMartin.cc<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nonviolent_resistance\" ><em>Nonviolence resistance \u2013 Wikipedia<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu\/encyclopedia\/encyclopedia\/enc_nonviolent_resistance\/\" ><em>Nonviolence Resistance \u2013 MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. AND THE GLOBAL FREEDOM STRUGGLE \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mshistory.k12.ms.us\/articles\/62\/the-civil-rights-movement-in-mississippi-on-violence-and-nonviolence\" ><em>FEATURE STORY: On Violence and Nonviolence: The Civil Rights Movement in\u00a0Mississippi \u2013 MS.us<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.paceebene.org\/2015\/02\/13\/campaign-nonviolence-stands-with-the-movement-for-racial-justice\/\" >Campaign Nonviolence Stands with the Movement for Racial Justice \u2013 Peace e Bene \u2013 PeaceEBene.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/paxchristiusa.org\/2016\/04\/30\/obituary-fr-daniel-berrigan-s-j-pax-christi-usa-teacher-of-peace-passes-away-at-age-94\/\" >NONVIOLENCE: The MLK Memorial and our commitment to anti-racism \u2013 August 26, 2011 \u2013 PaxChristiUSA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nomas.org\/martin-luther-king-non-violence-and-the-anti-sexist-mens-movement\/\" >Martin Luther King, Non-violence, and the Anti-Sexist Men\u2019s Movement, by Robert Brannon \u2013 National Organization for Men Against Sexism \u2013 Pro-feminism, gay-affirmative, anti-racist, enhancing men\u2019s lives \u2013 NOMAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crmvet.org\/info\/nvpower.htm\" >Nonviolence Resistance &amp; Political Power, by Bruce Hartford \u2013 2008 \u2013 CRMVET.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crmvet.org\/info\/nv2.htm\" ><em>Two Kinds of Nonviolent Resistance, by Bruce Hartford \u2013 2004 \u2013 CRMVET.org<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.voanews.com\/content\/nonviolencekey-to-civil-rights-movement\/1737280.html\" ><em>Nonviolence Was Key to Civil Right Movement \u2013 Voice of America \u2013 VOANews.com<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/veganismisnonviolence.com\/category\/racism\/\" ><em>Veganism is Nonviolence \u2013 VeganismIsNonviolence.com<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/ProfessionalInterest\/cerd.pdf\" >International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination \u2013 OHCHR.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/webtv.un.org\/meetings-events\/watch\/dpi-ngo-briefing-combatting-racism-in-the-21st-century\/4644549413001?page=3\" >DPI \/ NGO Briefing: Combatting Racism in the 21st Century \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.awid.org\/resources\/un-mechanisms-and-caste-discrimination-based-work-and-descent\" >UN mechanism and caste: Discrimination-based work and descent \u2013 9 December 2015 \u2013 Awid.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racism\" >Racism \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>One of the Historical Cases \u2013 Nuremberg Laws of Nazi Germany:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuremberg_Laws\" >Nuremberg Laws<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/nuremberg-race-laws-imposed\" >Sep 15 1935 THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Nuremberg race laws imposed \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/nurlaws.html\" >The Nuremberg Laws: Background &amp; Overview \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/worldwar2\/timeline\/nurem-laws.htm\" >The Nuremberg Race Laws \u2013 The History Place \u2013 HistoryPlace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/outreach\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10007695\" >THE NUREMBERG RACE LAWS \u2013 The Holocaust: A Learning Sites for Students<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history1900s.about.com\/od\/1930s\/a\/Nuremberg-Laws.htm\" >The Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>One of the Historical Cases \u2013 Apartheid of South Africa:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dev.laptop.org\/pub\/content\/wp\/en\/Apartheid.html\" >History of South Africa in the apartheid era \u2013 Digital Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crime_of_apartheid\" >Crime of apartheid \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/legal.un.org\/avl\/ha\/cspca\/cspca.html\">Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid<br \/>\nNew York, 30 November 1973, lectured by John Dugard \u2013 Audiovisual Library of International Law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/apartheid-supp.html\" >Full text of <em>International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of <\/em>Apartheid, G.A. res. 3068 (XXVIII)), 28 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 30) at 75, U.N. Doc. A\/9030 (1974), 1015 U.N.T.S. 243, entered into force July 18, 1976. \u2013 University of Minnesota Human Rights Library<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Sports and Racism:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Race_and_sports\" >Race and sports \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/serendip.brynmawr.edu\/local\/scisoc\/sports02\/papers\/aalexander.html\" >Culture, Race, and Gender in Sports, by Alisa Alexander<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/02\/my-tribute-to-serena-williams\/\" >My Tribute to Serena Williams, by Richard Falk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.athleticinsight.com\/Vol9Iss3\/RaceDifference.htm\" >White Americans\u2019 Genetic Explanations for a Perceived Race Difference in Athleticism: The Relation to Prejudice toward and Stereotyping of Blacks, Jane P. Sheldon \u2013 Athletic Insight<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-personal.umich.edu\/%7Ebawa\/race.htm\" >Ethnicity and racism in sports \u2013 personal.umich.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/157150-pumpsie-green-and-red-sox-racism\" >Pumpsie Green and the Boston Red Sox\u2019s Racism \u2013 BleacherReport.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/redsoxareracist.blogspot.com\/\" >The Red Sox: Racist \u2013 RedSoxAreRacist.BlogSpot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.overthemonster.com\/2014\/2\/13\/5407754\/red-sox-yawkey-way-racist-history\" >Yawkey Way and the Red Sox\u2019 Racist History \u2013 OverTheMoster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.opednews.com\/articles\/The-Boston-Red-Sox-Jackie-by-Chris-Lamb-120411-991.html\" >The Boston Red Sox, Jackie Robinson, and a Legacy of Racism \u2013 OpEdNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchomatic.com\/Racism-In-American-Baseball-4135.html\" >Racism in American Baseball \u2013 Rearchomatic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/johnnysbaseball.wordpress.com\/tag\/racism-in-baseball\/\" >Racism in baseball \u2013 Johnny\u2019s baseball blog<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baseball_color_line\" >\u201c<em>The color line in American baseball, until the late 1940s, excluded players of Black African descent from Major League Baseball and its affiliated Minor Leagues<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Baseball color line \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Beauty Contest and Racism:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/amex\/missamerica\/peopleevents\/e_inclusion.html\" >\u201c<em>In 1984 Vanessa Williams became the first black Miss America, beginning the year as one of the best Miss Americas ever, in the eyes of many pageant insiders, but ending her reign mid-year amidst scandal<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 People &amp; Events: Breaking the Color Line at the Pageant<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arogundade.com\/vanessa-williams-the-first-black-miss-america-1984.html\" >\u201c<em>AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE BANNED from competing in the white-run beauty pageants of the early twentieth century\u2026But this all changed on September 17, 1983 when Vanessa Lynn Williams, a 20 year-old college student from Millwood, NY, who had recently won the Miss New York crown, made history in becoming the first black Miss America (1984) after securing both the swimsuit and the talent sections of the completion<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Moments in African American in History: Vanessa Williams Is Crowned The First Black Miss America (1984) \u2013 ARODUNDATE.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/10\/18\/world\/lesson-in-politics-for-miss-croatia.html\" >Lesson in Politics For Miss Croatia \u2013 October 18, 1998 \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/201369.stm\" >World: Europe Muslim denied Croatian beauty title \u2013 Monday, October 26, 1998 \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.chicagotribune.com\/1998-10-27\/news\/9810270050_1_muslim-pageant-title-voting\" >\u201c<em>ZAGREB, CROATIA \u2014 Two weeks after a Muslim was proclaimed Miss Croatia, the jury reversed itself and crowned as a new winner the runner-up, a member of the country\u2019s Roman Catholic majority<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Muslim Stripped Out of Pageant Title \u2013 October 27, 1998 \u2013 ChicagoTribune.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ebaumsworld.com\/video\/watch\/80826340\/\" >White Woman Crowned Queen of All Black College \u2013 \u201c<em>Description: A woman wins a college beauty contest and faces racism from other students because she is white. She writes Obama, asking him to speak on diversity at the school, and that provokes more racism<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 11\/28\/2009 \u2013 eBaumsWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/ryanhatesthis\/a-lot-of-people-are-very-upset-that-an-indian-american-woman#.agw0gp0Pb\" >A Lot Of People Are Very Upset That An Indian-American Woman Won The Miss America Pageant \u201cAnd the Arab wins Miss America, classic.\u201d By Ryan Broderick \u2013 posted on September 16, 2013 \u2013 BuzzFeed.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/09\/16\/showbiz\/miss-america-racist-reactions\/index.html\" >Miss America crowns 1<sup>st<\/sup> winner of Indian decent \u2013 September 17, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/lifestyle\/style\/miss-america-fights-post-pageant-racism-with-a-beauty-queens-poise\/2013\/09\/22\/a90590ac-22f8-11e3-966c-9c4293c47ebe_story.html\" >Miss America Nina Davuluri fights post-pageant racism with a beauty queen\u2019s poise, by Maura Judikis \u2013 September 22, 2013 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/missosology.info\/forum\/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=217348\" >\u201c<em>What can be done to stop racism specially against Black in miss universe, miss world, miss earth and miss international<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Racism in international pageants \u2013 Mon Nov 18, 2013<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20120426-miss-black-france-beauty-contest-raises-eyebrows-questions\" >\u201c<em>A French beauty pageant exclusively for black women will take place for the first time in Paris on Saturday. The event has been endorsed by black associations and the organizer of the traditional Miss France contest, but other are crying foul<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 \u2018Miss Black France\u2019 pageant raises eyebrows \u2013 Updated 2014-04-28 \u2013 France24.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/panteres.com\/2015\/04\/02\/miss-japan-ariana-miyamoto-fight-against-racism\/\" >Miss Japan: Ariana Miyamoto fights against racism \u2013 April 2, 2015 \u2013 Panteres.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gmanetwork.com\/news\/story\/486002\/lifestyle\/mixed-race-miss-japan-fights-for-race-revolution\" >Mixed-race Miss Japan fights for race revolution, by Alastair Himmer \u2013 May 12, 2015 \u2013 GMANetwork.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congress\" >U.S. Congress<\/a> passes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution\" >Gulf of Tonkin Resolution<\/a> giving US President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lyndon_B._Johnson\" >Lyndon B. Johnson<\/a> broad war powers to deal with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Vietnam\" >North Vietnamese<\/a> attacks on American forces.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vietnam War in 1964:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1964_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >1964 in the Vietnam War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/unitedstates\/vietnam\/index-1961.html\" >The History Place \u2013 Vietnam War 1961-1964 \u2013 historyplace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/vietnamawbb.weebly.com\/1964.html\" >Vietnam War \u2013 1964 \u2013 weebly.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vietnamgear.com\/War1963.aspx\" >Vietnam War Timeline: 1963 \u2013 1964 \u2013 vietnamgear.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.authentichistory.com\/1961-1974\/4-vietnam\/1-overview\/4-1964-1968\/\" >Vietnam War Overview Part 4: 1964-1968 \u2013 authentichistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/unitedstates\/vietnam\/index-1961.html\" >The Vietnam War \u2013 America commits 1961-1964 \u2013 historyplace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War#Johnson.27s_escalation.2C_1963.E2.80.9369\" >Johnson\u2019s escalation 1963-69 \u2013 Vietnam War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1961-1968\/gulf-of-tonkin\" >US Involvement of the Vietnam War: the Gulf of Tonkin and the Escalation, 1964 \u2013 OFFICE of the Historian \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/battlefieldvietnam\/timeline\/index.html\" >Battle Field \u2013 Vietnam War \u2013 Timeline: 1954-1964 \u2013 pbs.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Gulf of Tonkin Resolution:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/vietnam-war\/gulf-of-tonkin-resolution\" >GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com\/Gulf+of+Tonkin+Resolution\" >Tonkin Gulf Resolution \u2013 TheFreeDictionary.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/20th_century\/tonkin-g.asp\" >The Tonkin Gulf Incident 1964 \u2013 Avalon Project \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ourdocuments.gov\/doc.php?flash=true&amp;doc=98\" >Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964) \u2013 OurDocuments.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1961-1968\/gulf-of-tonkin\" >US Involvement in the Vietnam War: the Gulf of Tonkin and Escalation, 1964 \u2013 Office of the Historian<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Viet Nam War and Some Pertinent Events:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/vietnam-war\/vietnam-war-history\" >VIETNAM WAR HISTORY \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalhistory.uh.edu\/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&amp;psid=3470\" >Chronology of Viet Nam War and Pertinent Events \u2013 Digital History \u2013 DigitalHistory.UH.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/unitedstates\/vietnam\/index-1965.html\" >The Vietnam War \u2013 The Jungle War 1965 \u2013 1968 \u2013 The History Place \u2013 HistoryPlace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atvaudio.com\/ata_vietnamwar.php\" >The VIETNAM WAR: US Involvement &amp; Escalation \u2013 ARCHIVAL TELEVISION AUDIO Inc. \u2013 RESEARCH REPORT \u2013 PART ONE \u2013 April 23, 1961 \u2013 May 27, 1968 \u2013 ATVAudio.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.english.illinois.edu\/maps\/vietnam\/anderson.htm\" >The Diplomatic Course of the Vietnam War, by David L Anderson \u2013 Illinois.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h1888.html\" >America\u2019s Vietnam War in Indochina \u2013 U-S-History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/historicaldocuments\/frus1964-68v07\/sources\" >Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964-1968, Volume VII, Vietnam, September 1968-January 1969 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.allempires.com\/article\/index.php?q=britain_tet_offensive\" >Britain and the Tet Offensive 1967-1968: A \u2018Turning Point\u2019 in British Foreign Policy? \u2013 All Empires \u2013 AllEmpires.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> (atmospheric) at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1962:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1962_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >Soviet nuclear tests in 1962 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Soviet Atmospheric Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovatmtest.html\" >Soviet Atmospheric Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/ussrnuks.shtml\" >USSR Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Database \u2013 Zvis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Tests at Eastern Kazakh\/<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site\" >Semipalitinsk<\/a>:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bigpicture\/2009\/11\/kazakhstans_radioactive_legacy.html\" >Kazakhstan\u2019s radioactive legacy \u2013 Boston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wn.com\/semipalatinsk_test_site\" >\u201cMy home: nuclear base Semipalatinsk \u2013 21\u201d, Episode 02 \u201cMain Testing Field\u201d (Video: 3 min. 14 sec.) \u2013 WN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death In Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/carlwillis.wordpress.com\/2012\/08\/13\/visit-to-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\/\" >Visit to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 SPEICAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Some Environmental Issues in Kazakhstan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Environmental_issues_in_Kazakhstan\" >Environmental issues in Kazakhstan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/naturvernforbundet.no\/international\/environmental-issues-in-kazakhstan\/category936.html\" >Environmental issues in Kazakhstan \u2013 Naturvernforbundet.no<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/semipalatinsk.html\" >Semipalatinsk Kazakhstan \u2013 The World Nuclear Chain \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.unep.org\/rso\/Portals\/118\/Documents\/NESs\/ROE\/NES_Kazakhstan_2014.pdf\" >Kazakhstan National Environmental Summary \u2013 UNEP<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Health, and Ecological Issues in Kazakhstan\/Semipalatinsk:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reference.allrefer.com\/country-guide-study\/kazakhstan\/kazakhstan17.html\" >Kazakstan\/Kazakhstan \u2013 Environmental Problems \u2013 Reference.AllRefer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdfs\/HBWW_EN\/Semipalatinsk_EN_web.pdf\" >\u201c<em>In Semipalatinsk, the local population was exposed to high levels of radioactivity from nuclear weapon tests for several decades<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: Nuclear test site \u2013 Nuclear-Risk.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalatinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearfiles.org\/menu\/key-issues\/nuclear-weapons\/issues\/testing\/PDFs\/JC-143920%5B1%5D.pdf\" ><em>Radionuclide Contamination at Kazakhstan\u2019s Semipalatinsk Test Site Implications on Human and Ecological Heath<\/em>, by T.M. Carlsen, L.E. Peterson, B.A. Ulsh, C.A. Werner, K.L.Purvis, A.C. Sharber<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" ><em>Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests<\/em> \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nukefreetexas.org\/downloads\/plutominum_uranium_semipalatinsk_test_site.pdf\" ><em>Plutonium and Uranium in Human Bones from Areas surrounding the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site<\/em> \u2013 NukeFreeTexas.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Asia-South-Central\/2013\/0828\/Secrets-of-Semipalatinsk-How-nuclear-theft-was-averted-in-Central-Asia\" >\u201c<em>Their research done on sample villages near the test site found cancer mortality rates 2-1\/2 times greater than those in a control village. The agency says some 356,000 people face radiation risk, with 70 percent of those being descendants of exposed villagers<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Secrets of Semipalatinsk: How nuclear theft was averted in Central Asia \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cajgh.pitt.edu\/ojs\/index.php\/cajgh\/article\/view\/127\/0\" ><em>Studies of Health Effects from Nuclear Testing near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Kazakhstan<\/em><em>, by Bernd Grosche, Tamara Zhunussova, Kazbek Apsalikov, Ausrele Kesminiene<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.idosi.org\/wasj\/wasj23%285%2913\/19.pdf\" ><em>Information Report on Biological Studies Conducted At the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site<\/em><em> \u2013 IDOSI.org<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/articles\/PMC3866702\" ><em>Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in the Semipalatinsk Historical Cohort, 1960 \u2013 1999, and its Relationship to Radiation Exposure<\/em><em> \u2013 Europe PubMed Central<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/5988266\/the-tragic-story-of-the-semipalatinsk-nuclear-test-site\" >The Tragic Story of the Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 IO9.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire<\/a> (a.k.a. <em>Ivory Coast<\/em>) becomes independent from France.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (Ivory Coast):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/iv.html\" >Cote d&#8217;Ivoire \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK &#8211; CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/Data.aspx?q=Ivory+Coast&amp;d=CLINO&amp;f=ElementCode%3A14%3BCountryCode%3AIV+\" >Cote d&#8217;Ivoire \u2013 UN Data \u2013 un.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Cote-dIvoire\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.our-africa.org\/ivory-coast\" >Ivory Coast \u2013 Our-Africa.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/cote-divoire.html\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wikitravel.org\/en\/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 WikiTravel.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/passports\/english\/country\/cote-divoire.html\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 US Passport and International Travel \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History<\/em><\/strong><strong><em> of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Ivory_Coast\" >History of Ivory Coast \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a> <strong><em>or<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Histoire_de_la_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire\" >L\u2019histoire de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/ctedivoir1\/a\/def-Cote-d-Ivoire.htm\" >A Very Short History of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/Bo-Co\/C-te-d-Ivoire.html\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/cote-divoire\/history\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 History \u2013 lonelyplanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/cote_d_ivoire.htm\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (Ivory Coast) \u2013 nationsonline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/ctedivoire\/l\/bl-IvoryCoast-Timeline.htm\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire Timeline \u2013 about.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13287585\" >Ivory Coast profile \u2013 Timeline &#8211; BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Economy of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/cotedivoire\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/cotedivoire\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/cote-divoire\" >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sjsu.edu\/faculty\/watkins\/ivory.htm\" >THE ECONOMIC HISTORY AND ECONOMY OF IVORY COAST &#8211; C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u2013 sjsu.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/ivory-coast\/41.htm\" >The Economy \u2013 Ivory Coast \u2013 countrystudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.our-africa.org\/ivory-coast\/economy-industry\" >Economy &amp; Industry &#8211; Ivory Coast \u2013 our-africa.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Explorer_program\" >Explorers program<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Explorer_6\" ><em>Explorer 6<\/em><\/a> launches from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_Range\" >Atlantic Missile Range<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Canaveral,_Florida\" >Cape Canaveral, Florida<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Explores Program:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/explorers.gsfc.nasa.gov\/\" >EXPLORES PROGRAM \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov\/nmc\/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1959-004A\" >Explore 6 \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> (atmospheric) at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>United States Nuclear Tests (Overview):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/analysis\/articles\/costs-us-nuclear-weapons\/\" >The Costs of US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/weapons\" >The US Nuclear Weapons Test Cost Study Project \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USA-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, the United States: overview \u2013 compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston \u2013 johnstonsarchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomcentral.com\/the-cold-war.aspx\" >The Cold War \u2013 AtomCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/WMD\/Nuclear\/\" >NUCLEAR WEAPONS \u2013 UNODA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nuclear Test at the Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dreamlandresort.com\/info\/nts.htm\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 DreamlandResort.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctosnnsa.org\/\" >CTOS \u2013 Center for Radiological Nuclear Testing at the Nevada National Security Site \u2013 CTOSNNSA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.energy.gov\/main.aspx\" >\u201c<em>The Nevada Field Office\u2019s Environmental Management Program was created to address the environmental legacy of historic nuclear weapons related activities and current programs at the Nevada National Security Site<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Environmental Programs \u2013 Nevada Field Office \u2013 US Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archure.net\/liberty\/nukenevada.html\" >NUKE TESTING in NEVADA \u2013 Archure.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nuclear Weapons and the United States:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/231697.htm\" >Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verifications and Entry into Force of the CTBT \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/rls\/202015.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs \u2013 January 3, 2013 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2014\/04\/28-50-nuclear-facts\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons Today \u2013 April 28, 2014 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2012\/08\/the-future-of-the-us-nuclear-triad\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Michaela Dodge \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/1997_05\/nas\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Policy \u2013 Arms Control Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252183576_The_Future_of_the_U.S._Nuclear_Weapons_Program\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Linton F. Brooks \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/233254.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 Rose Gottemoeller, Under Secretary\u00a0for Arms Control and International Security, \u00a0Dixie State University, St. George, Utah \u2013 October 21, 2014 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>US Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Overview:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ciar.org\/ttk\/hew\/atmosphr\/\" >The Years of Atmospheric Testing: 1945 \u2013 1963 \u2013 CIAR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/history-of-nuclear-testing\/types-of-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >TYPES OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTS \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.navy.mil\/browse-by-topic\/exploration-and-innovation\/atmospheric-nuclear-testing.html\" >Atmospheric Nuclear Testing and the U.S. Navy \u2013 Naval History and Heritage Command<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Atmospheric\/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High-altitude_nuclear_explosion\" >Atmospheric nuclear explosion \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/hane.html\" >High-altitude nuclear explosions, by Wm Robert Johnston \u2013 JohnstonsArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/history-of-nuclear-testing\/types-of-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >\u201c<em>Atmospheric testing refers to explosions which take place in the atmosphere<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 TYPES OF NUCLEA WEAPONS TESTS \u2013 CTBTO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Atmospheric Nuclear Tests of the United States and Radioactive Fallout:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/atmospheric-nuclear-testing-nevada-test-site\" >Atmospheric Nuclear Testing at the Nevada Site \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.abomb1.org\/atmosphr\/index.html\" >The Years of Atmospheric Testing 1945-1963 \u2013 Trinity Atomic Web Site \u2013 Abomb1.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/hane.html\" >High-altitude nuclear explosions \u2013 JohnstonArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CHRG-105shrg44045\/pdf\/CHRG-105shrg44045.pdf\" >RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT FROM NUCLEAR TESTING AT NEVADA TEST SITE, 1950-60 \u2013 GPO.gov \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.publichealth.va.gov\/epidemiology\/studies\/cancer-mortality-nuclear-weapons-tests.asp\" >Cancer Mortality at the US Nuclear Weapons Tests \u2013 US Department of Veterans Affairs \u2013 VA.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fmd-inc.org\/durbin\/interest\/Atomic%20Tests\/Atmospheric%20Nuclear%20Testing.htm\" >Atmospheric Nuclear Testing and The US Navy \u2013 A BILIOGRAPHY \u2013 FMD-INC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nceh\/radiation\/fallout\/RF-GWT_home.htm\" >Feasibility Study of Weapons Testing Fallout \u2013 CDC.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.radiochemistry.org\/history\/nuke_tests\/index.shtml\" >\u201c<em>Between 16 July 1945 and 23 September 1992 the United States of America conducted (by official count) 1054 nuclear tests, and two nuclear attacks\u2026.These pages focus principally (although not exclusively) on the period from 16 July 1945 to 4 November 1962, the era of atmospheric testing<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 RADIOCHEMISTORY SOCIETY \u2013 US NUCLEAR TESTS \u2013 Info Gallery \u2013 Radiochemistry.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/photo\/2011\/05\/when-we-tested-nuclear-bombs\/100061\/\" >When We Tested Nuclear Bombs, by Alan Taylor \u2013 May 06, 2011 \u2013 TheAtlantic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.falloutradiation.com\/files\/JohnWayne.pdf\" >US ATMOSPHERIC NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 The Connection Between John Wayne and Radioactive Fallout, and Other Tales, by Bruce W Church \u2013 October 22, 2000 \u2013 FalloutRadiation.com \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/boingboing.net\/2015\/06\/06\/marshall-islands-sues-9-superp.html\" >Marshall Islands, site of largest-ever U.S. nuclear weapons test, sues 9 superpowers including USA \u2013 June 6, 2015 \u2013 BoingDoing.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wA8z94MXo9M\" >YouTube video (13 min. 49 sec.): Declassified US Nuclear Test Film #55<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=R7mBVfQlIj0\" >YouTube video (14 min. 35 sec.): High-altitude Atomic Tests \u2013 Operation Dominic parts 1-2 \u2013 1962<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Ecological and Health Issues in and around the Nevada Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cdclv.unlv.edu\/healthnv\/environment.html\" >Environment and the Quality of Life in Nevada \u2013 UNLV.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" ><em>ECONLGOY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH NARRATIVE SUMMARY, KEY WORD INDEX, AND SPECIES LISTS<\/em> \u2013 DOE\/NEV\/11718-594<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osti.gov\/scitech\/biblio\/6458066\" ><em>Nevada Applied Ecology Information Center: a review of technical information support provided to the Nevada Applied Ecology Group<\/em> \u2013 Sci-Tech Connect<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ecologycenter.org\/terrainmagazine\/summer-2002\/sovereignty-at-shoshone-mountain\/\" >\u201c<em>Between 1951 and 1992, the United States bombed its own soil with nuclear weapons \u2014 945 times. All but 17 of those explosions took place on a stretch of basin-and-range desert northwest of Las Vegas called the Nevada Test Site (NTS),\u2026<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Sovereignty at Shoshone Mountain \u2013 EcologyCenter.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/%7Eota\/disk1\/1989\/8909\/8909.PDF\" ><em>The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions<\/em> \u2013 Princeton.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1955\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sony\" >Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering<\/a>, the precursor to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sony\" >Sony<\/a>, sells its first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transistor_radio\" >transistor radios<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>History of Sony:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sony.net\/SonyInfo\/CorporateInfo\/History\/\" >SONY \u2013 Corporate Info &#8211; History \u2013 sony.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sony.net\/SonyInfo\/CorporateInfo\/History\/history.html\" >SONY \u2013 Corporate History \u2013 sony.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Sony\" >History of Sony \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2014\/dec\/13\/sony-successes-failures-inventions-walkman-music\" >A History of Sony\u2019s Successes and Failures \u2013 13 December 2014 \u2013 theguardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>194<\/strong><strong>7\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thor_Heyerdahl\" >Thor Heyerdahl<\/a>\u2018s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ochroma_pyramidale\" >balsa wood<\/a> raft the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kon-Tiki\" >Kon-Tiki<\/a>, smashes into the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reef\" >reef<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raroia\" >Raroia<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuamotus\" >Tuamotu Islands<\/a> after a 101-day, 7,000 kilometres (4,300\u00a0mi) journey across the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Ocean\" >Pacific Ocean<\/a> in an attempt to prove that pre-historic peoples could have traveled from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_America\" >South America<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Voyage of Kon-Tiki:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/wood-raft-makes-4300-mile-voyage\" >Wood raft makes 4,300-mile voyage \u2013 This Day in History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kon-tiki.no\/en\/page\/kontiki\" >Kon-Tiki \u2013 Kon-Tiki Museum \u2013 Explore the World \u2013 Engage Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/thor-heyerdahls-kon-tiki-voyage\" >\u201c<em>On the voyage\u2019s 93rd day, Heyerdahl and his crew finally spotted palm trees on the horizon. The winds and currents, however, kept the vessel out at sea. More than a week later, as dawn broke on August 7, they spotted a reef on the starboard side<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Thor Heyerdahl\u2019s Kon-Tiki Voyage \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/learning\/general\/onthisday\/big\/0428.html#article\" >Kon-Tiki Trip Ends on Pacific Reef; Party Safe After 4,000-Mile Drift \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/todayinsci.com\/H\/Heyerdahl_Thor\/Editorial-NYT12Aug1947.htm\" >SIX MEN ON A REFT \u2013 The New York Times Editorial on August 11, 1947<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smithsonian-institution\/how-voyage-kon-tiki-misled-world-about-navigating-pacific-180952478\/?no-ist\" >How the Voyage of the Kon-Tiki Misled the World About Navigating the Pacific \u2013 Smithsonian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/community.plu.edu\/%7Eryandp\/AIP.html\" >American Indians in the Pacific: A 50 year retrospective of the Kon-Tiki Expedition, by Donald P. Ryan \u2013 PLU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.azer.com\/aiweb\/categories\/magazine\/ai144_folder\/144_articles\/144_tangaroa.html\" >Testing Heyerdahl\u2019s Theories about Kon-Tiki 60 Years Later, by Torgeir S\u00e6verud Higraff with Betty Blair \u2013 Azer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>The government of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a> presented a note to its <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" >Turkish counterparts<\/a> which refuted the latter\u2019s sovereignty over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_Straits\" >Turkish Straits<\/a>, thus beginning the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_Straits_crisis\" >Turkish Straits crisis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>194<\/strong><strong>4\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IBM\" >IBM<\/a> dedicates the first program-controlled <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calculator\" >calculator<\/a>, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harvard_Mark_I\" >Harvard Mark I<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>IBM Calculator\/Computer:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/homepage.cs.uri.edu\/faculty\/wolfe\/book\/Readings\/Reading03.htm\" >History of Computers \u2013 URI.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/inventors.about.com\/library\/weekly\/aa052198.htm\" >The Harvard Mark I Computer \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.columbia.edu\/cu\/computinghistory\/ascc.html\" >The IBM\u2019s Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator \u2013 Also called the Harvard Mark I. It was built in 1940-43 and remained operational until 1959. \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ethw.org\/Harvard_Mark_I\" >Harvard Mark I \u2013 Engineering and Technology History Wiki \u2013 ETHW.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-03.ibm.com\/ibm\/history\/exhibits\/markI\/markI_intro.html\" >IBM\u2019s ASCC (aka The Harvard Mark I) \u2013 IBM.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/chsi.harvard.edu\/markone\/function.html\" >Harvard Mark I \u2013 Harvard.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/Harvard-Mark-I\" >Harvard Mark I \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/people.bu.edu\/baws\/brief%20computer%20history.html\" >A Brief Computer History \u2013 BU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.computerhope.com\/history\/\" >Computer History \u2013 ComputerHope.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/20718-computer-history.html\" >History of Computing \u2013 Timelines \u2013 LiveScience.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jeremymeyers.com\/comp\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER (B.C. \u2013 A.D. 1993), by Jeremy Meyers<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\" >World War II<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guadalcanal_Campaign\" >Battle of Guadalcanal<\/a> begins as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >United States Marines<\/a> initiate <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/quikmaneuvers.com\/guadalcanal_campaign.html\" >the first American offensive of the war<\/a> with landings on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guadalcanal\" >Guadalcanal<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Tulagi_and_Gavutu%E2%80%93Tanambogo\" >Tulagi<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solomon_Islands\" >Solomon Islands<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Battle of Guadalcanal:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guadalcanal_Campaign\" >Guadalcanal Campaign \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.friesian.com\/history\/guadal.htm\" >A Guadalcanal Chronology &amp; Order of Battle: 7 August 1942 \u2013 6 March 1943 \u2013 Friesian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.combinedfleet.com\/battles\/Guadalcanal_Campaign\" >Guadalcanal Naval Battles \u2013 CombinedFleet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/worldwari1\/p\/navalguadal.htm\" >World War II: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alsace-Lorraine\" >Alsace-Lorraine<\/a> is annexed by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Third Reich<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Annexation of Alsace-Lorraine of 1940:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/france\/1942-10-01\/nazis-alsace-and-lorraine\" >The Nazis in Alsace and Lorraine, by Maurice P. Zuber \u2013 Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany\" >Areas annexed by Nazi Germany \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greater_Germanic_Reich\" >Greater Germanic Reich \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/expelledgermans.org\/elsassgermans.htm\" >The Expelled Germans of Alsace-Larraine after Versailles \u2013 ExpelledGermans.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dgmweb.net\/Ancillary\/Geog\/Europe\/Alsace-Lorraine.html\" >Alsace-Lorraine \u2014 an Enclave of Ethnic Germans in France \u2013 DGMWeb.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2today.com\/new\/2013-2\/this-too-shall-come-to-pass\" >THIS TOO SMALL TO PASS \u2013 World War II Today<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.robert-weinland.org\/histo.php?lang=en\" >Alsace \u2013 Some History<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1938\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Holocaust\" >The Holocaust<\/a>: The building of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mauthausen-Gusen_concentration_camp\" >Mauthausen concentration camp<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Mauthausen Concentration Camp:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/Holocaust\/mauthtoc.html\" >Mauthausen-Gusen Concentration Camp \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fold3.com\/page\/286021185_mauthausen\/stories\/#30747\/\" >Mauthousen-Gusen Concentration Camp \u2013 Fold3.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_concentration_camps\" >Nazi concentration camps \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_concentration_camps\" >List of Nazi concentration camps \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.museodelladeportazione.it\/index.php?sel_lang=english\" >\u201c<em>Taking as its starting point the experiences of Tuscan factory workers arrested by Nazi-Fascists after the general strike in March 1944 and deported to the concentration camp of Mauhausen in Austria and<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Museum of Deportation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/TRANSCRIPTS\/0307\/03\/se.04.html\" >\u201c<em>A remarkable story. A 77-year-old man is facing deportation charges, right now, because of what he did 60 years ago. He was part of the deaths head battalion serving as an armed guard at a Nazi concentration camp in Austria, Mauthausen. More than 150,000 people were murdered there during world war II<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 CNN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1933\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simele_massacre\" >Simele massacre<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Politics_of_Iraq\" >Iraqi government<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simele_massacre\" >slaughters<\/a> over 3,000 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assyrian_people\" >Assyrians<\/a> in the village of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simele\" >Simele<\/a>. The day becomes known as Assyrian Martyrs Day.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Simele <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>Massacre:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncas.rutgers.edu\/center-study-genocide-conflict-resolution-and-human-rights\/assyrian-genocide-1914-1923-and-1933-pres\" >The Assyrian Genocide, 1914 to 1923 and 1933 up to the Present \u2013 RUTGERS.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aina.org\/books\/tota.pdf\" ><em>The Tragedy of the Assyrians, by Lt. Col. R.S. Stafford (1935)<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aina.org\/martyr.html\" >\u201c<em>The 7th of August has been designated as a Memorial Day for Assyrian Martyrs. Although this observance is of a comparatively recent date, it has gained widespread acceptance among the Assyrian people<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Genocides Against the Assyrian Nation \u2013 AINA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.syriacsnews.com\/1933-massacre-simele-today-ninveh-plain-hands-isis\/\" >1933 Massacre in Simele \u2013 Today again \u2013 Ninveh Plain in Hands of ISIS \u2013 SysrainsNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ishtartv.com\/en\/viewarticle,35339.html\" >The Massacres of August 1933 In search of a Save Haven Past and Present \u2013 International Business Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onthisdeity.com\/7th-august-1933-%E2%80%93%C2%A0the-simele-massacre\/\" >7<sup>TH<\/sup> AUGUST 1933 \u2013 THE SIMELE MASSACRE \u2013 OnThisDeity.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1930\u00a0 <\/strong>The last confirmed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lynching\" >lynching<\/a> of blacks in the Northern United States occurs in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marion,_Indiana\" >Marion, Indiana<\/a>. Two men, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Shipp_and_Abram_Smith\" >Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith<\/a>, are killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Racism and Lynching in the United States:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lynching_in_the_United_States\" >Lynching in the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.umass.edu\/complit\/aclanet\/USLynch.html\" >History of Lynching in the United States \u2013 UMASS.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/02\/10\/us\/history-of-lynchings-in-the-south-documents-nearly-4000-names.html?_r=0\" >History of Lynchings in the South Documents Nearly 4,000 Names \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.yale.edu\/ynhti\/curriculum\/units\/1979\/2\/79.02.04.x.html\" >The Negro Holocaust: Lynching and Race Riots in the United States, 1880-1950, by Robert A. Gibson \u2013 Yale.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.assumption.edu\/ahc\/raceriots\/\" >\u201c<em>Without pausing to find out whether or not the story was true, without bothering with the slight detail of investigating the character of the woman who made the outcry (as a matter of fact, she was of exceedingly doubtful reputation), a mob of 100-per-cent Americans set forth on a wild rampage that cost the lives of fifty white men; of between 150 and 200 colored men, women and children<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Race Riots \u2013 Assumption.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eji.org\/lynchinginamerica\" >Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror \u2013 Equal Justice Initiative<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-nation\/wp\/2015\/02\/10\/even-more-black-people-were-lynched-in-the-u-s-than-previously-thought-study-finds\/\" >Even more black people were lynched in the US than previously thought, study finds \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/atlantablackstar.com\/2014\/02\/14\/10-outrageous-reasons-black-people-were-lynched-in-america\/\" >10 Outrageous Reasons Black People Were Lynched in America \u2013 AtlantaBlackStar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/news_and_politics\/politics\/2015\/02\/jim_crow_south_s_lynching_of_blacks_and_christianity_the_terror_inflicted.html\" >Christian Soldiers \u2013 The lynching and torture of blacks in the Jim Crow South weren\u2019t just acts of racism. They were religious rituals. \u2013 Slate.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/law2.umkc.edu\/faculty\/projects\/ftrials\/shipp\/lynchingyear.html\" >Lynchings by Year and Race 1882 \u2013 1968 \u2013 UMKC.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace_Bridge\" >Peace Bridge<\/a> opens between <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fort_Erie,_Ontario\" >Fort Erie, Ontario<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buffalo,_New_York\" >Buffalo, New York<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1909\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alice_Huyler_Ramsey\" >Alice Huyler Ramsey<\/a> and three friends become the first women to complete a transcontinental auto trip, taking 59 days to travel from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City\" >New York, New York<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco\" >San Francisco, California<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1890\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anna_M%C3%A5nsdotter\" >Anna M\u00e5nsdotter<\/a> becomes the last woman in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sweden\" >Sweden<\/a> to be executed, for the 1889 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yngsj%C3%B6_murder\" >Yngsj\u00f6 murder<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1819\u00a0<\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar\" >Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar<\/a> triumphs over <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spain\" >Spain<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Boyac%C3%A1\" >Battle of Boyac\u00e1<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1791\u00a0 <\/strong>American troops destroy the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miami_people\" >Miami<\/a> town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Kenapacomaqua\" >Kenapacomaqua<\/a> near the site of present-day <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Logansport,_Indiana\" >Logansport, Indiana<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northwest_Indian_War\" >Northwest Indian War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1789\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_War\" >United States Department of War<\/a> is established.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1782\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Washington\" >George Washington<\/a> orders the creation of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Badge_of_Military_Merit\" >Badge of Military Merit<\/a> to honor soldiers wounded in battle. It is later renamed to the more poetic <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Purple_Heart\" >Purple Heart<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1714\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Gangut\" >Battle of Gangut<\/a>: The first important victory of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Navy\" >Russian Navy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 08<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/events\/2013\/august_8_2013_399627.html\" ><strong>2013<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2013\/aug\/06\/nation\/la-na-pentagon-furlough-20130807\" >The Pentagon will furlough 650,000 civilian employees without pay for six days this year<\/a> after receiving <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2013\/08\/06\/us-usa-defense-furloughs-idUSBRE9750VK20130806\" >warnings that mandatory budget cuts might idle defense workers for a longer period of time<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong>Archeologist excavating the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Templo_Mayor\" >Templo Mayor<\/a>, one of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aztec\" >Aztec<\/a>\u2018s main temples in their capital city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tenochtitlan\" >Tenochtitlan<\/a> (now Mexico city), make an unprecedented find \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/sciencetech\/article-2185414\/Unprecedented-Aztec-burial-site-discovered.html\" >the skeleton of a young woman inside a burial, surrounded by piles of 1,789 human bones<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>History of the Aztecs:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Aztecs\" >History of the Aztecs \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/aztecs\" >Aztecs \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aztec-history.com\/\" >Aztec History \u2013 Aztec-History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Yanukovych\" >Viktor Yanukovych<\/a>, Ukraine\u2019s President, signs <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/latimesblogs.latimes.com\/world_now\/2012\/08\/ukraine-makes-russian-an-official-language-sparking-protests.html\" >a controversial law concerning the status of 18 languages as regional and minority languages<\/a>; the law allows officials in Russian-speaking regions of the country to use Russian in documents and at public events.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Controversial Law on Languages in Ukraine:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_language_in_Ukraine\" >Russian language in Ukraine \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Languages_of_Ukraine\" >Languages in Ukraine \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kyivpost.com\/hot\/language-bill\/\" >Ukrainian vs. Russian Language, by Timothy Snyder: Ukraine\u2019s language war \u2013 Kyiv Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukraine.com\/languages\/\" >Spoken languages of Ukraine \u2013 Ukraine.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tryukraine.com\/info\/languages.shtml\" >Languages of Ukraine \u2013 tryukraine.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Europe\/2010\/0315\/Ukrainian-vs.-Russian-language-two-tongues-divide-former-Soviet-republic\" >Ukrainian vs. Russian language: two tongues divide former Soviet republic, by Fred Weir \u2013 csmonitor.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Aftermath of the Language Law of 2014:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/ukraine-language-lavrov-asselborn-627\/\" >Voiding Ukraine\u2019s minority languages law \u2018wrong\u2019 \u2013 Luxembourg FM \u2013 25 February 2014 \u2013 rt.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rt.com\/news\/minority-language-law-ukraine-035\/\" >Canceled language law in Ukraine sparks concern among Russian and EU diplomats \u2013 27 February 2014 \u2013 rt.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong>\u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010_China_floods\" >2010 China floods<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010_Gansu_mudslide\" >A mudslide<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhugqu_County\" >Zhugqu County<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gansu\" >Gansu<\/a>, China, kills more than 1,400 people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2008_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony\" >opening ceremony<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2008_Summer_Olympics\" >2008 Summer Olympics<\/a> take place in Beijing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2000\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sonofthesouth.net\/leefoundation\/Confederate_Submarine.htm\" >Confederate submarine<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H._L._Hunley_%28submarine%29\" ><em>H.L. Hunley<\/em><\/a> is raised to the surface after 136 years on the ocean floor and 30 years after its discovery by undersea explorer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E._Lee_Spence\" >E. Lee Spence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Confederate Submarine H.L. Hunley:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/USA\/2014\/0217\/Confederate-sub-at-150-Still-mystery-why-Hunley-sank-along-with-her-prey\" >Confederate sub at 150: Still mystery why Hunley sank along with her prey \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/the-hunleys-daring-submarine-mission-150-years-ago\" >The Hunley\u2019s Daring Submarine Mission 150 Years Ago \u2013 history.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.inquisitr.com\/1803005\/h-l-hunley-confederate-submarine-unveils-new-clues-about-its-mysterious-history\/\" >H.L.Hunley: CONFEDERATE SUBMARINE UNVAILS NEW CLUES ABOUT ITS MYSTERIOUS HISTORY, by Justice Streight \u2013 inquistir.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyorb.com\/events\/august\/8\" ><strong>1997<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digplanet.com\/wiki\/1997_world_oil_market_chronology\" >The UN approves a sale-price formula for Iraqi crude oil sales under the oil-for-food plan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Oil-for-Food Plan of the UN:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oil-for-Food_Programme\" >Oil\u2013for\u2013Food Programme \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanctions_against_Iraq#Oil_for_Food\" >Sanctions against Iraq \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/Depts\/oip\/background\/index.html\" >Oil-for-Food \u2013 UN Office for the Iraq Programme<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iraq\" >Iraq<\/a> occupies <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuwait\" >Kuwait<\/a> and the state is annexed to Iraq. This would lead to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_War\" >Gulf War<\/a> shortly afterward.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch36-4.htm\" >Saddam Annexes Kuwait \u2013 MACROHISTORY and World Timeline \u2013 FSMITHA.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>The Date of Iraq\u2019s Annexation of Kuwait:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>There seems to be some confusion on the information regarding <\/em>the date of Iraq\u2019s annexation of Kuwait<em>. Some websites indicate that its date was 2 August 1990, the day Iraq invaded Kuwait. On this question, this article relies on the information on <\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/teach\/gulfguide\/gwtimeline.html\" ><em>PBS.org<\/em><\/a><em>. According to <\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/teach\/gulfguide\/gwtimeline.html\" ><em>PBS.org<\/em><\/a><em>, the timeline, from August 2 to 28, is as follows:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><strong>August 2:<\/strong><\/em><em> Iraq invades Kuwait and seizes Kuwaiti oil fields. Kuwait\u2019s emir flees. Iraq masses troops along the Saudi border. U.N. condemns Iraq\u2019s invasion and demands withdrawal.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>August 8:<\/strong><\/em><em> [Saddam] Hussein proclaims annexation of Kuwait. Hussein proclaims annexation of Kuwait.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>August 28:<\/strong><\/em><em> Iraq declares Kuwait its 19th province, renames Kuwait City al-Kadhima.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Some Background Information on Iraq\u2019s Invasion of Kuwait:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.i-p-o.org\/memorandum-gulfwar.htm\" >MEMORANDUM on the Invasion and Annexation of Kuwait by Iraq and Measure to Resolve the Crisis Peacefully \u2013 International Progress Organization \u2013 Vienna, 28 September 1990\/P\/K\/12313 \u2013 I-P-O.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historycommons.org\/context.jsp?item=a080890iraqannex\" >Context of \u2018August 8, 1990: Iraq Says It Is Annexing Kuwait\u2019 \u2013 HistoryCommons.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mcadams.posc.mu.edu\/blog\/harak.html\" >Why DID Iraq Invade Kuwait? \u2013 A Brief History, by G. Simon Harak, S.J. MU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.whycenter.com\/why-did-saddam-invade-kuwait\/\" >Why Saddam invade Kuwait \u2013 WhyCenter.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.apfn.org\/Saddam-Hussein\/Kuwait.htm\" >Several Reasons Why Saddam Hussein Invaded Kuwait? \u2013 APFN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/previous.presstv.ir\/detail.aspx?id=172773&amp;sectionid=3510302\" >\u2018Saudi Arabia seeks to annex Kuwait\u2019 \u2013 PressTV.ir<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invasion_of_Kuwait\" >Invasion of Kuwait \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-14647211\" >Kuwait profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC News<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/theflyingscotsman91.blogspot.com\/2013\/07\/iraq-oil-and-history-timeline.html\" >Iraq, Oil and History \u2013 Timeline \u2013 The Flying Scotsman<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/09\/15\/world\/meast\/gulf-war-fast-facts\/index.html\" >Gulf War Fast Facts \u2013 CNN.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.chicagotribune.com\/1991-01-18\/news\/9101050904_1_iraq-and-kuwait-8-iraq-iraqi-national-assembly\" >Key Events Leading to Gulf Conflict \u2013 ChicagoTribune.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.meforum.org\/101\/iraqs-culture-of-violence\" >Iraq\u2019s Culture of Violence, by Shafeeq N. Ghabra \u2013 Middle East Quarterly Summer 2001 \u2013 Middle East Forum<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Some Pertinent Information and\/or Arguments:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rahulgladwin.com\/docs\/my-experience-during-the-iraqi-invasion-of-kuwait.php\" >My Experience during the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait, by Rahul Gladwin \u2013 RahulGladwin.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/the-impact-of-the-iraqi-invasion-of-kuwait-the-view-from-ten-years-later\" >The Impact of the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait: The View from Ten Years Later, by Bernard Trainor, Daniel Pipes, and Peter Rodman \u2013 August 3, 2000 \u2013 The Washington Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thefinertimes.com\/War-in-The-Middle-East\/the-gulf-war-desert-storm.html\" >\u201c<em>This conflict started in August 1990 and finished in February 1991, but the Operation Desert Storm continued until it was officially ended on the 30th November 1995<\/em>.\u201d- The Gulf War, by Peter Fitzgerald \u2013 The Finer Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.alibris.com\/The-Middle-East-After-Iraqs-Invasion-of-Kuwait\/book\/4355535\" >The Middle East After Iraq\u2019s Invasion of Kuwait, by Robert O Freedman \u2013 AlIBRIS.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2015\/07\/kuwait-crisis-1990-25-anniversary.html\" >25 years later: Did Kuwait invasion doom Iraq? ,by Bruce Riedel \u2013 Al-Monitor.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1989\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_program\" >Space Shuttle program<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/STS-28\" >STS-28<\/a> Mission: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_Columbia\" >Space Shuttle Columbia<\/a> takes off on a secret five-day military mission.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong>The \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/8888_Uprising\" >8888 Uprising<\/a>\u201d occurs in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burma\" >Burma<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>8888 Uprising:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/8888_Uprising\" >8888 uprising \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historychannel.com.au\/this-day-in-history\/8888-uprising-occurs-in-burma\/\" >\u201c8888\u201d UPRISING OCCURS IN BURMA \u2013 8 AUGUST 1988 \u2013 historychannel.com.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/burmamyanmar\/fl\/The-8888-Uprising-in-Myanmar-Burma.htm\" >The 8888 Uprising in Myanmar (Burma) , by Kallie Szczepanski \u2013 about education \u2013 about.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Burma\/Myanmar:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/bm.html\" >BURMA \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Myanmar\" >Myanmar \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Myanmar\" >Myanmar \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/myanmar.html\" >Myanmar \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.myanmar.com\/\" >Latest Myanmar News<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/news\/international\/countriesandterritories\/myanmar\/index.html\" >Myanmar \u2013 CHRONOLOGY OF COVERAGE \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Burma\/Myanmar:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/curriculumproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/History%20of%20Burma%20Student%20-%2021%20Aug%2008.pdf\" >History of Burma: From a Multi-ethnic Perspective \u2013 The Curriculum Project \u2013 CurriculumProject.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfob.org\/HistoryofBurma\/historyOfBurma.shtml\" >History of Burma \u2013 CFOB.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Myanmar\" >History of Myanmar \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/myanmar-burma\/history\" >Myanmar\/Burma History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/burmamyanmar\/p\/ProfileBurma.htm\" >Myanmar | Facts and History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/journalism.berkeley.edu\/projects\/burma\/history.html\" >Brief History of Myanmar, by Thomas R. Lansner \u2013 Backpacking Burma \u2013 Berkeley.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/newint.org\/features\/2008\/04\/18\/history\/\" >A Short History of Burma \u2013 NewInt.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.howstuffworks.com\/asian-history\/history-of-burma.htm\" >History of Burma \u2013 HowStuffWorks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.myanmars.net\/myanmar-history\/\" >Myanmar History \u2013 Myanars.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/myanmar-history.html\" >Myanmar \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Myanmar\" >History of Myanmar \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/burma.html\" >A BREIF HISTORY OF BURMA \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.myanmarburma.com\/article\/835\/a-brief-history-of-myanmar-burma\" >A Brief History of Myanmar (Burma) \u2013 MyanmarBurma.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/myanmartravel.org\/history.html\" >MYANMAR HISTORY \u2013 MyanmarTravel.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/Bo-Co\/Burma.html\" >Burma \u2013 Culture \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.myanmars.net\/myanmar-history\/myanmar-timeline.htm\" >Myanmar \u2013 Historical Timeline \u2013 Myanmar.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-pacific-12992883\" >Myanmar profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Burmese Monarchy and the British Rule:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_Anglo-Burmese_War\" >Third Anglo-Burmese War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konbaung_Dynasty\" >Konbaung Dynasty \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2015\/03\/myanmars-royal-legacy\/\" >Myanmar\u2019s Royal Legacy \u2013 The Diplomat \u2013 TheDiplomat.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.myanmars.net\/myanmar-museum\/myanmar-royal-regelia1.htm\" >The Royal Regalia of Myanmar Monarchy \u2013 Myanmars.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dnaindia.com\/lifestyle\/report-time-to-end-myanmar-king-s-exile-in-india-1700457\" >Time to end Myanmar king\u2019s exile in India \u2013 Sunday, 10 June 2012 \u2013 DNAIndia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irrawaddy.org\/burma\/royal-family-aims-renovate-king-thibaws-mandalay-palace.html\" >Royal Family Aims to Renovate King Thinbaw\u2019s Mandalay Palace, by Kyaw Hsu Mon \u2013 Thursday, December 12, 2013 \u2013 The Irrawaddy \u2013 Irrawaddy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Burma\/Myanmar:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Myanmar\" >Foreign relations of Burma\/Myanmar \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/burmamyanmar\/ri223\" >Myanmar \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/35910.htm\" >US Relations With Myanmar \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Burma\/Britain Relations:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rainbowends.org\/mmviii\/pressrel.htm\" >Anglo-Burmese Relations \u2013 February 9, 1949 \u2013 RainbowEnds.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.networkmyanmar.org\/external-relations\/united-kingdom\" >Network Myanmar \u2013 NetworkMyanar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ifitweremyhome.com\/compare\/GB\/MM\" >COMPARE UNIED KINGDOM TO MYANMAR \u2013 IfItWereMyHome.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/obl\/docs\/1947_treaty.htm\" >TREATY BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF BURMA \u2013 London, 17<sup>th<\/sup> October 1947 \u2013 iBiblio.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Myanmar%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations\" >Category: Myanmar-United Kingdom relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong>President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a>, in a nationwide television address, announces his resignation from the office of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >President of the United States<\/a> effective noon the next day.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Dae-jung\" >Kim Dae-jung<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea\" >South Korean<\/a> politician and later president of South Korea, is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kidnapping_of_Kim_Dae-jung\" >kidnapped<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1967\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations\" >Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a> (ASEAN) is founded by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" >Indonesia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia\" >Malaysia<\/a>, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore\" >Singapore<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thailand\" >Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1963\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union\" >Zimbabwe African National Union<\/a> (ZANU), the current ruling party of Zimbabwe, is formed by a split from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zimbabwe_African_People%27s_Union\" >Zimbabwe African People\u2019s Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Kasai\" >South Kasai<\/a> secedes from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29\" >Congo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>South Kasai and Congo:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/famousdaily.com\/history\/south-kasai-secede-congo.html\" >South Kasai secedes from Congo, by Gary Stanovsky \u2013 FamousDaily.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.africafederation.net\/Kasai_History.htm\" >History of the Republic of Great Kasai \u2013 AfricaFederation.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.quazoo.com\/q\/South_Kasai\" >South Kasai \u2013 Quazoo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >USSR<\/a> offers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syria\" >Syria<\/a> economic\/military aid.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Aids to Syria:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957\" >Syrian Crisis of 1957 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/syria\/68.htm\" >Syria: Relations with the Soviet Union \u2013 Country Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1981\/05\/27\/world\/syrian-soviet-friendship-is-on-paper-not-streets.html\" >SYRIAN-SOVIET FRIENDSHIP IS ON PAPER, NOT STREETS, by Pranay B. Gupte \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com\/Soviet-Syrian+Agreements\" >Soviet-Syrian Agreements \u2013 TheFreeDictionary.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/intellit.muskingum.edu\/covertaction_folder\/casyria.html\" >Covert Action \u2013 Middle East \u2013 Syria \u2013 MuskingGun.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wsws.org\/en\/articles\/2003\/10\/syri-o06.html\" >CIA-MI6 planned to assassinate Syrian leaders in 1957, by Jean Shaoul<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sott.net\/article\/246042-Revealed-1957-CIA-MI6-plot-to-terrorise-Syria-spark-fake-revolution-and-assassinate-leadership\" >Revealed: 1957 CIA-MI6 plot to terrorise Sysria, spark fake revolution and assassinate leadership \u2013 Sott.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tradingeconomics.com\/syria\/inflation-cpi\" >Syria: Inflation Rate 1957 \u2013 2015 \u2013 TradingEconomics.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infowars.com\/syria-cia-mi6-intel-ops-and-sabotage\/\" >SYRIA: CIA-MI6 Intel Ops and Sabotage, by Felicity Arbuthnot \u2013 Alex Jones\u2019 Infowars.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/uscpublicdiplomacy.org\/sites\/uscpublicdiplomacy.org\/files\/legacy\/publications\/perspectives\/CPDPerspectives_Paper42013_Syria.pdf\" >The Syrian Crisis of 1957: A Lesson for the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century, by Kevin Brown \u2013 Paper 4, 2013 \u2013 USCPublicDiplomacy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/news.google.com\/newspapers?nid=1817&amp;dat=19570826&amp;id=VgciAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=2pkEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7354,3270453&amp;hl=en\" >Syria Shows Doctrine Weakness \u2013 The Tuscaloosa News<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1946\u00a0 <\/strong>First flight of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convair_B-36\" >Convair B-36<\/a>, the world\u2019s first mass-produced <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_delivery\" >nuclear weapon delivery<\/a> vehicle, the heaviest mass-produced piston-engine aircraft, with the longest wingspan of any military aircraft, and the first bomber with intercontinental range.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>B-36:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/techdaycamp.com\/2011\/08\/b-36-peacemaker-takes-first-flight\/\" >B-36 \u201cPeaceMaker\u201d Takes First Flight \u2013 Tech Day Camp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/types-of-nuclear-weapons\/\" >TYPES OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/intro\/nuke\/produce.htm\" >Nuclear Weapon Production \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/intro\/nuke\/design.htm\" >Nuclear Weapon Design \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wmdawareness.org.uk\/the-facts\/nuclear-weapons\/\" >Nuclear Weapons \u2013 WMDAwareness.org.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/soviets-declare-war-on-japan-invade-manchuria\" >Soviets declare war on Japan; invade Manchuria.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Soviet\u2019s War Declaration on Japan:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria\" >Soviet invasion of Manchuria \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War_%281945%29\" >Soviet \u2013 Japanese War (1945) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thewarillustrated.info\/214\/russia-smashed-in-to-end-the-war-with-japan.asp\" >Russia Smashes In to End the War With Japan \u2013 The World Illustrated<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questia.com\/newspaper\/1P2-33406033\/russia-s-late-entry-tips-balance-in-pacific-surrender\" >Russia\u2019s Late Entry Tips Balance in Pacific Surrender after Nuclear Attacks Thwarts Stalin\u2019s Plan to Invade Japanese Mainland Series: 1945\/1995. By George Moffett, writer of The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/histclo.com\/essay\/war\/ww2\/cou\/jap\/sov\/w2j-sdw.html\" >World War II: Japan \u2013 Soviet Declaration of War (August, 1945) \u2013 Historical Boys\u2019 Clothing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/truman-signs-united-nations-charter\" >Truman signs United Nations Charter<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945<\/strong>\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wagingpeace.org\/tag\/nuremberg-principles\/\" >Nuremberg Principles<\/a> signed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Nuremberg Military Trials:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuremberg_Charter\" >Nuremberg Charter \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tdl.org\/txlor-dspace\/bitstream\/handle\/2249.3\/396\/Nuremberg_Principles.pdf\" >Nuremberg Principles, August 8, 1945 \u2013 ARTICLES VI \u2013 VIII<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/avalon.law.yale.edu\/imt\/imtconst.asp\" >Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. 1 Charter of the International Military Tribunal \u2013 Avalon Project \u2013 Yale Law School<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/law.wustl.edu\/news\/documents\/nurembergparadox.pdf\" >The Nuremberg Paradox, by Leila Nadya Sadat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.org\/whistlestop\/study_collections\/nuremberg\/\" >Nuremberg Trials Chronology \u2013 Truman Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wagingpeace.org\/tag\/nuremberg-principles\/\" >NURENBERG AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS, by David Krieger \u2013 NUCLEAR AGE PEACE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quit_India_Movement\" >Quit India Movement<\/a> is launched in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India\" >India<\/a> against the British rule in response to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi\" >Mohandas Gandhi<\/a>\u2018s call for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swaraj\" >swaraj<\/a> or complete independence.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Quit India Movement:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sscnet.ucla.edu\/southasia\/History\/Gandhi\/Quit.html\" >\u2018Quit India\u2019 Movement \u2013 UCLA.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historypak.com\/quit-india-movement-1942\/\" >QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT (1942) \u2013 HistoryPak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/researchprojects\/makingbritain\/content\/1942-quit-india-movement\" >1942 Quit India Movement \u2013 The Open University<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indohistory.com\/quit_india.html\" >Quit India Movement \u2013 History of India \u2013 IndoHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Quit-India-movement\" >Quit India movement \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/indiaproject.tripod.com\/quit.html\" >The Quit India Movement \u2013 Tripod.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1940\u00a0 <\/strong>The \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aufbau_Ost_%281940%29\" >Aufbau Ost<\/a>\u201d directive is signed by\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilhelm_Keitel\" >Wilhelm Keitel<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1929\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0The German airship\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LZ_127_Graf_Zeppelin\" ><em>Graf Zeppelin<\/em><\/a>\u00a0begins a round-the-world flight.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1927\u00a0 <\/strong>The predecessor to the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippine_Stock_Exchange\" >Philippine Stock Exchange<\/a>\u00a0opens.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Amiens_%281918%29\" >Battle of Amiens<\/a> begins a string of almost continuous victories with a push through the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >German<\/a> front lines (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hundred_Days_Offensive\" >Hundred Days Offensive<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1908\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wright_brothers\" >Wilbur Wright<\/a> makes his first flight at a racecourse at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Le_Mans\" >Le Mans<\/a>, France. It is the Wright Brothers\u2019 first public flight.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1874\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Ploie%C8%99ti\" ><em>Republic of Ploie\u0219ti<\/em><\/a>, a failed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Romania\" >Radical-Liberal<\/a> rising against <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domnitor\" >Domnitor<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carol_I_of_Romania\" >Carol<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romania<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1844\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quorum_of_the_Twelve\" >Quorum of the Twelve<\/a> Apostles, headed by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brigham_Young\" >Brigham Young<\/a>, is reaffirmed as the leading body of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints\" >The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints<\/a> (LDS Church).<\/p>\n<p><strong>1794\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Whidbey\" >Joseph Whidbey<\/a> leads an expedition to search for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northwest_Passage\" >Northwest Passage<\/a> near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juneau,_Alaska\" >Juneau, Alaska<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a02014\u00a0 <\/strong>Michael Brown, an unarmed 18-year-old African American male in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferguson,_Missouri\" >Ferguson, Missouri<\/a>, was\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown\" >shot and killed<\/a>\u00a0by a\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferguson_Police_Department_%28Missouri%29\" >Ferguson<\/a>\u00a0police officer, sparking\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Ferguson_unrest\" >protests and unrest<\/a>\u00a0in the city.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>At least 21 suspected terrorists were arrested in the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_transatlantic_aircraft_plot\" >2006 transatlantic aircraft plot<\/a>\u00a0that happened in the United Kingdom. The arrests were made in London,<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Birmingham\" >Birmingham<\/a>, and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High_Wycombe\" >High Wycombe<\/a>\u00a0in an overnight operation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1999\u00a0 <\/strong>Russian President\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Yeltsin\" >Boris Yeltsin<\/a>\u00a0fires his Prime Minister,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sergei_Stepashin\" >Sergei Stepashin<\/a>, and for the fourth time fires his entire cabinet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong>The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29\" >Liberal Democratic Party of Japan<\/a>\u00a0loses a 38-year hold on national leadership.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1974\u00a0 <\/strong>As a direct result of the\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watergate_scandal\" >Watergate scandal<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a>\u00a0becomes the first\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >President of the United States<\/a>\u00a0to resign from office. His\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vice_President_of_the_United_States_of_America\" >Vice President<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerald_Ford\" >Gerald Ford<\/a>, becomes president.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1971\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Troubles\" >The Troubles<\/a>: The\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Army\" >British Army<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Ireland\" >Northern Ireland<\/a>\u00a0launches\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Demetrius\" >Operation Demetrius<\/a>. Hundreds of people are arrested and\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internment\" >interned<\/a>, thousands are displaced, and twenty are killed in the violence that followed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>The Troubles of 1971:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cain.ulst.ac.uk\/othelem\/chron\/ch71.htm\" >A Chronology of the Conflict \u2013 1971 \u2013 cain-ulst-ac.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/topics\/troubles_violence\" >The Troubles \u2013 Violence in the Troubles \u2013 History \u2013BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/flashbak.com\/northern-ireland-troubles-1971-belfast-in-50-photos-1445\/\" >Northern Ireland Troubles 1971: Belfast In 50 Photos \u2013 flashback.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Irish Republican Army (IRA)\/Provisional Republican Army (PIRA):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/separatist-terrorism\/provisional-irish-republican-army-ira-aka-pira-provos-oglaigh-na-heireann-uk-separatists\/p9240\" >Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) (aka, PIRA, \u201cthe provos,\u201d \u00d3glaigh na h\u00c9ireann) (UK separatists) \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations, by Kathryn Gregory \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/para\/ira.htm\" >Irish Republican Army (IRA), Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) the Provos Direct Action Against Drugs (DADD) \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/military.wikia.com\/wiki\/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army\" >Provisional Irish Republican Army \u2013 Military.Wikia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/hi\/english\/static\/in_depth\/northern_ireland\/2001\/provisional_ira\/\" >Provisional IRA: War, ceasefire, endgame? \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/search\/provisional%20irish%20republican%20army\" >PROVISIONAL IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY \u2013 Tumblr.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Irish-Republican-Army\" >Irish Republican Army \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Republican_Army\" >Irish Republican Army \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/irish-republican-army\/\" >Irish Republican Army \u2013 News Archives \u2013 The Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/terrorism.about.com\/od\/groupsleader1\/p\/IRA.htm\" >Guide to the Irish Republican Army \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Irish-Republican-Army\" >Irish Republican Army \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/irish-republican-army.html\" >Irish Republican Army \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/para\/ira.htm\" >Irish Republican Army (IRA) \u2013 Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) \u2013 the Provos \u2013 Direct Action Against Drugs (DADD) \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/terrorism.about.com\/od\/groupsleader1\/p\/IRA.htm\" >Guide to the Irish Republican Army \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.emich.edu\/cerns\/downloads\/papers\/PoliceStaff\/Unsorted\/Irish%20Republican%20Army.pdf\" >Terrorism \u2013 Irish Republican Army, by Michele Koznicki, Corey Willett, Michal Griffin, Eric Manley, and Ronald Matten \u2013 Eastern Michigan University<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>IRA\u2019s Terrorism:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_London#Irish_republican_attacks_during_.22the_Troubles.22\" >Irish republican attacks during the \u201cTroubles\u201d \u2013 List of terrorist incidents in London \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldreportnews.com\/europe-archived\/terrorism-and-the-ira-methodologies-and-context\" >Terrorism and the IRA: Methodologies and Context \u2013 WorldReportNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_%281990%E2%80%9399%29\" >Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1990-99) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk\/2005\/jul\/07\/terrorism.july73\" >London past terror attacks \u2013 Thursday, 7 July 2005 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/uknews\/terrorism-in-the-uk\/11071080\/IRA-terror-suspects-to-lose-immunity-from-prosecution.html\" >IRA terror suspects to lose immunity from prosecution \u2013 2 Sep 2014 \u2013 TheTelegraph.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/forum.prisonplanet.com\/index.php?topic=178608.35;wap2\" >New 7\/7 London Bombings Documentary \u2013 PrisonPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.stedwards.edu\/craigc-culf331111fa2014\/group-europe\/the-gunpowder-plot\/\" >IRA Terrorism \u2013 Global Issues on Terrorism \u2013 Fall 2014 \u2013 Stedwards.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/terrorism09.wikispaces.com\/Irish+Republican+Army\" >Irish Republican Army \u2013 History Assignment: Terrorism in the 20<sup>th<\/sup> Century, by Luke Styles and Tom Nicol \u2013 WikiSpaces.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.terrorismanalysts.com\/pt\/index.php\/pot\/article\/view\/96\/html\" >The Impact of Terrorism on Democracy in Northern Ireland, by Alex Schmidt \u2013 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM \u2013 TerrorismAnalysists.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.trackingterrorism.org\/group\/irish-republican-army-ira\" >Irish Republican Army (IRA) \u2013 TERRORISM RESEARCH &amp; ANALYSIS CONSORTIUM \u2013 TrackingTerrorism.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_Great_Britain\" ><em>List of terrorism incidents in Great Britain \u2013 Wikipedia<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.freerepublic.com\/focus\/f-news\/1982170\/posts\" ><em>Irish Terrorism goes to Islamic (IRA and Muslim terrorists) \u2013 3\/7\/2008 \u2013 FreeRepublic.com<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of the IRA:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/irishistory.blogspot.co.uk\/2013\/08\/history-of-irish-republican-army-irish.html\" >History of the Irish Republican Army \u2013 Irish History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/history\/history-of-the-irish-republican-army-history-essay.php\" >History of the Irish Republican Army History Essay \u2013 UKEssays.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.timetoast.com\/timelines\/history-of-the-irish-republican-army\" >History of the Irish Republican Army \u2013 Video \u2013 TimeToast.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Sinn F\u00e9in:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sinnfein.ie\/\" >Sinn F\u00e9in \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/rsfnational.wordpress.com\/\" >National Website of Republican Sinn F\u00e9in<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sinnfein.org\/documents.html\" >OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS AND PRESS RELEASES \u2013 SINN F\u00c9IN \u2013 SinnFein.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/ira\/\" >THE IRA &amp; SINN FEIN \u2013 FRONTLINE \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinn_F%C3%A9in\" >Sinn F\u00e9in \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/sinn-fein.html\" >Sinn F\u00e9in \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Sinn_F%C3%A9in\" >History of Sinn F\u00e9in \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leader_of_Sinn_F%C3%A9in\" >Leaders of Sinn F\u00e9in \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/politics\/sinn-fein\" >Sinn F\u00e9in \u2013 News Archive \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/organizations\/s\/sinn_fein\/index.html\" >Sinn Feinn \u2013 News Archive \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/topics\/news\/world\/sinn-fein.htm?mediatype=Text\" >Sinn Fein News \u2013 ABC.go.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.philly.com\/keyword\/sinn-fein\" >Articles on Sinn Fein \u2013 Philly.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Sinn F\u00e9in:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Sinn_F%C3%A9in\" >History of Sinn F\u00e9in \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sinnfein.ie\/history\" >History \u2013 Sinn F\u00e9in \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.corksf.20m.com\/about.html\" >A Brief History of Sinn Fein \u2013 Corks Sinn Fein<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Sinn F\u00e9in, IRA and the Catholic Church:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2015\/07\/10\/the-catholic-church-vs-the-ira-hunger-strikers-of-1923\/\" >The Catholic Church vs. the IRA Hunger Strikes of 1923, by Lily Murphy \u2013 July 10, 2015 \u2013 CounterPunch.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5755982\/The_Catholic_Church_and_Revolution_in_Ireland\" >The Catholic Church and the Revolution in Ireland \u2013 Academia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2005\/mar\/14\/world\/fg-irish14\" >In Catholic Church Belfast, IRA Becomes Public Enemy \u2013 March 14, 2005 \u2013 Los Angeles Times \u2013 LATimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/2010\/09\/08\/sinn-fein-chief-says-met-catholic-priest-involved-bombing-didnt-discuss.html\" >Sinn Fein chief says he met Catholic priest involved in 1972 bombing, didn\u2019t discuss it \u2013 September 8, 2010 \u2013 FoxNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archive.spectator.co.uk\/article\/2nd-march-1918\/11\/the-roman-catholic-church-in-ireland-and-sinn-fein\" >THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN IRELAND AND SINN FEIN \u2013 THE SPECTATOR ARCHIVE \u2013 Spectator.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/opinion\/letters\/questions-for-catholic-church-over-sinn-fein-29546185.html\" >Questions for Catholic Church over Sinn Fein \u2013 03\/09\/2013 \u2013 Belfast Telegraph \u2013 BelfastTelegraph.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6cf9miux4cI\" >Gross hypocrisy from DUP\/Sinn Fein and Catholic Church over brutal murder. \u2013 YouTube video (12 min. 17 sec.)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tvnews.vanderbilt.edu\/program.pl?ID=199532\" ><strong>1968<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josip_Broz_Tito\" >Yugoslav president Tito<\/a> visits <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Prague\" >Prague<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Prague in 1968:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prague_Spring\" >Progaue Spring \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1961-1968\/soviet-invasion-czechoslavkia\" >Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968 \u2013 Office of the Historian<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980\/the-cold-war\/the-prague-spring-of-1968\/\" >The Plague Spring of 1968 \u2013 The History Learning Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org\/jsource\/vjw\/Prague.html\" >Plague, by Rebecca Weiner \u2013 Jewish Virtual Library<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Josip Broz Tito:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Josip-Broz-Tito\" >Josip Broz Tito \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/people\/tito-josip-broz-tito-dictatorship.html\" >Josip Broz Tito \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/topic\/person\/josip-broz-tito\" >Josip Broz Tito \u2013 News Archive \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/2WWtito.htm\" >Josip Broz (Tito) \u2013 Spartacus-Educational.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geni.com\/people\/Josip-Broz-Tito\/6000000003452176081\" >Josip Broz Tito \u2013 GENi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novaonline.nvcc.edu\/eli\/evans\/his135\/Events\/Tito80\/Tito80.html\" >Josip Broz Tito \u2013 NVCC.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/faculty.virginia.edu\/setear\/courses\/howweget\/tito.htm\" >Josip Broz Tito \u2013 Virginia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/europeanhistory.about.com\/od\/famouspeople\/a\/Tito-Josip-Broz.htm\" >Tito \u2013 Josip Broz, by Robert Wilde \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thefamouspeople.com\/profiles\/josip-broz-tito-4333.php\" >Josip Broz Tito \u2013 TheFamousPeople.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Prague Spring of 1968:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/soviets-invade-czechoslovakia\" >Soviet invades Czechoslovakia \u2013 August 20, 1968 \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pastdaily.com\/2013\/08\/20\/the-ominous-rumble-of-tanks-the-end-of-prague-spring-august-20-1968\/\" >The Ominous Rumble of Tanks \u2013 The End of Prague Spring \u2013 August 20, 1968 \u2013 PastDaily.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/august\/21\/newsid_2781000\/2781867.stm\" >1968: Russia brings winter to Prague Spring \u2013 21 August 1968 \u2013 BBC<\/a> [<em>Soviet invaded Czechoslovakia on 20 August 1968, and it is generally considered that Prague Spring ended on 21 August 1968<\/em>.]<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia\" >Warsaw Pact of invasion of Czechoslovakia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1961-1968\/soviet-invasion-czechoslavkia\" >Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia \u2013 Milestone \u2013 Office of the Historian \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novaonline.nvcc.edu\/eli\/evans\/his135\/Events\/Czech68.htm\" >1968 CZECH INVASION \u2013 NVCC.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore\" >Singapore<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Republic_of_Singapore#Independence_of_Singapore\" >expelled<\/a> from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia\" >Malaysia<\/a> and becomes the only country to date to gain independence unwillingly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Army\" >The Red Army (Soviet Armed Forces)<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria\" >invades<\/a> Japanese-occupied Manchuria.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nagasaki,_Nagasaki\" >Nagasaki<\/a> is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki\" >devastated<\/a> when an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapon\" >atomic bomb<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fat_Man\" ><em>Fat Man<\/em><\/a>, is dropped by the United States <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B-29_Superfortress\" >B-29<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bockscar\" ><em>Bockscar<\/em><\/a>. 35,000 people are killed outright, including 23,200-28,200 Japanese war workers, 2,000 Korean forced workers, and 150 Japanese soldiers.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>City of Nagasaki:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nagasaki-Japan\" >Nagasaki \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nagasaki\" >Nagasaki \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.japan-guide.com\/e\/e2162.html\" >Nagasaki \u2013 Travel Guide<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Atomic Bomb and Nagasaki:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki\" >Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/learning.blogs.nytimes.com\/2011\/08\/09\/aug-9-1945-u-s-drops-atomic-bomb-on-nagasaki-japan\/comment-page-1\/?_r=0\" >Aug 9, 1945 \u2013 US Drops Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki, Japan \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.angelfire.com\/planet\/nuclearflower\/nuclearbomb.htm\" >NUCLEAR BOMBING AT HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI \u2013 AngelFire.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/world-war-two\/the-pacific-war-1941-to-1945\/the-bombing-of-nagasaki\/\" >The Bombing of Nagasaki, by C.N. Truman \u2013 The History Learning Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ncq_Wye43TM&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (4 min. 50 sec.): Atomic bombing of Nagasaki \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3qeYaMavxH8\" >YouTube video (11 min. 30 sec.): Rare footage of Nagasaki atomic bombing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ymsxLt01WKE&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (3 min. 58 sec.): The Last Atomic Bomb In Nagasaki<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dZu7VUBxgUk&amp;spfreload=10\" >YouTube video (4 min. 28 sec.): Victims of atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, suffering from various illness<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Photos\/Nagasaki\/image2.shtml\" >Photographs: Urakami Cathedral after the Atomic Bombing (Fa\u00e7ade)<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/city-nagasaki-a-bomb-museum-db.jp\/en\/collection\/89372.html\" >other parts of the Cathedral \u2013 Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum Memorial Database<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/consortiumnews.com\/2014\/08\/09\/the-very-un-christian-nagasaki-bomb\/\" >\u201c<em>A bitter irony of the Nagasaki atomic bomb was that an all-Christian American crew used the steeple of Japan\u2019s most prominent Christian church as the target for an act of unspeakable barbarism, making a mockery of\u00a0Christian teachings on non-violence<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 The Very Un-Christian Nagasaki Bomb, by Gary G. Kohls<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gypsynester.com\/nagasaki-Urakami-Cathedral.htm\" >The Statues That Survived the Bomb at Urakami Cathedral in Nagasaki, Japan \u2013 GypsyNester.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Photos\/Nagasaki\/image4.shtml\" >Statutes in front of the Urakami Cathedral \u2013 AtomicArchive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/travel-around-japan.com\/k93-14-urakami-cathedral.html\" >Urakami Cathedral \u2013 Travel-Around-Japan.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aasc.ucla.edu\/cab\/200708150001.html\" >Hiroshima and Nagasaki \u2013 Two Cities, One Destiny \u2013 Children of the Atomic Bomb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2014\/08\/fr-george-zabelkas-message-for-peace\/\" >\u201c<em>The former US Air Force chaplain who blessed the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and later became a peacemaker<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Fr. George Zabelka\u2019s Message for Peace \u2013 TMS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>The Atomic Bomb and its Environmental Impact:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/culturalinstitute\/exhibit\/the-nagasaki-atomic-bomb-and-nature\/QRdn47QA?hl=en\" >Nagasaki Atomic Bomb and Nature \u2013 Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalissues.org\/article\/131\/effects-of-bombing-on-the-environment\" >Effects of Bombing on the Environment, by Anup Shah \u2013 Global Issues<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globalecology.stanford.edu\/SCOPE\/SCOPE_28_1\/SCOPE_28-1_1.1_Chapter1_1-23.pdf\" >Effects of Nuclear Detonations \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zazenlife.com\/2011\/12\/29\/the-after-effects-of-the-atomic-bombs-on-hiroshima-nagasaki\/\" >After-Effects of The Atomic Bombs of Hiroshima &amp; Nagasaki \u2013 ZazenLife.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nagasakiandhiroshimabombing.weebly.com\/effect-on-geography.html\" >Effects of the Geography \u2013 Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cacpeaceday.wikispaces.com\/The+impact+and+effects+of+the+dropping+of+the+atomic+bombs\" >The impact and effects of the dropping of the atomic bombs \u2013 Wikispaces.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/omnicenter.org\/newsletter-archive\/\" >Dick Bennett\u2019s Peace, Justice, And Ecology Newsletters \u2013 Professor Emeritus at University of Arkansas, And Founder of OMNI<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.answers.com\/Q\/What_effect_did_the_hiroshima_nagasaki_bombing_have_on_the_environment\" >What effect did the Hiroshima Nagasaki bombing have on the environment? \u2013 Answers.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lenntech.com\/environmental-effects-war.htm\" >Environmental effects of warfare \u2013 The Impact of war on the environment and human health \u2013 LennTech.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/hyperwar\/AAF\/USSBS\/AtomicEffects\/index.html\" >The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki \u2013 United States Strategic Bombing Survey<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>The Atomic Bomb and its Impact on the Human Health:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.peace-nagasaki.go.jp\/sensaishi\/e-top.html\" >Records of the Nagasaki Atomic Bombing and Wartime Damage \u2013 Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Health\/Healthday\/story?id=4510792&amp;page=1\" >Fallout from Atomic Bombs Still Causing Health Problems, by Alan Mozes \u2013 Health Day<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.icanw.org\/the-facts\/catastrophic-harm\/hiroshima-and-nagasaki-bombings\/\" >Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings \u2013 ICANW.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/institution\/Nagasaki_University\" >Research Gate: ResearchGate is the professional network for scientists and researchers. \u2013 Nagasaki University<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abomb.med.nagasaki-u.ac.jp\/abdi\/index.html\" >Atomic Bomb Disease Institute \u2013 Nagasaki University \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3907953\/\" >Long-term Radiation-Related Health Effects in a Unique Human Population: Lesson Learned from the Atomic Bomb Survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, by Evan B. Douple at el. \u2013 HHS Public Access \u2013 NIH.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/gwire\/2011\/04\/11\/11greenwire-hiroshima-and-nagasaki-cast-long-shadows-over-99849.html?pagewanted=all\" >Hiroshima and Nagasaki Case Long Shadows Over Radiation Science, by Paul Voosen \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abomb.med.nagasaki-u.ac.jp\/abomb\/start-E.html\" >The Medical Effects of the Nagasaki Atomic Bombing \u2013 Nagasaki University<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/yufoundation.org\/furo.pdf\" >Dietary Practice of Hiroshima\/Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors, by Hiroko Furo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.helmholtz-muenchen.de\/fileadmin\/GSF\/pdf\/presse\/2005\/Hiroshima-Nagasaki-2005_en.pdf\" >Background Information: Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki \u2013 Health Effects of Radiation \u2013 GSF<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/Docs\/MED\/med_chp22.shtml\" >Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki \u2013 Radio Injuries \u2013 AtomicArchive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/voiceseducation.org\/content\/atomic-bomb-disease\" >Atomic Bomb Disease \u2013 Voices Compassion Education<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=202461\" >Radiation Dose-Response Relationships for Thyroid Nodules and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors 55 \u2013 58 Years After Radiation Exposure, by Misa Imaizumi et al., March 1, 2006, The Journal of the American Medical Association (JMA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/probeinternational.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/MineIR10-JpSurvMort1.pdf\" >Mortality of A-bomb Survivors in Nagasaki and Hiroshima, by M. Mine, et al.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicbombmuseum.org\/4_survivors.shtml\" >After the Bomb \u2013 The Survivors \u2013 AtomicBombMuseum.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007%2F1-4020-4956-0_15\" >CASUALTIES AND RADIATION DOSIMETRY OF THE ATOMIC BOMBINS ON HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI, by Tetsuji Imanaka<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/domlife.org\/Justice\/Disarmament\/bombfactsheet.pdf\" >HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI \u2013 Factsheet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/jco.ascopubs.org\/content\/29\/4\/428.full\" >Risk of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in People Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors, by Masao Iwanaga, et al.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/jes\/journal\/v20\/n7\/full\/jes201048a.html\" >Better radiation exposure estimation for the Japanese atomic-bomb survivors enables us to better protect people from radiation today, by Harry M Cullings and Kirk R Smith \u2013 <em>Journal of Exposure Science &amp; Environmental Epidemiology<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Continuation_War\" >Continuation War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_Offensive\" >Vyborg\u2013Petrozavodsk Offensive<\/a>, the largest offensive launched by Soviet Union against Finland during the Second World War, ends to a strategic stalemate. Both Finnish and Soviet troops at the Finnish front dug to defensive positions, and the front remains stable until the end of the war.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vyborg\u2013Petrozavodsk Offensive (or Karelian offensive):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_Offensive\" >Vyborg\u2013Petrozavodsk Offensive \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1944\/6\/9\/vyborgpetrozavodsk-offensive\" >Jun 9 1944 to Aug 9 1944 &#8211; Vyborg\u2013Petrozavodsk Offensive \u2013 worldhitoryproject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ww2incolor.com\/soviet-union\/rocker_projectors_katyusha_near_viborg_leningrad_front1944.html\" >WWII in Color &#8211; Vyborg\u2013Petrozavodsk Offensive \u2013 ww2incolor.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/battlebrotherhood.com\/news-en\/june-10-1944-began-the-offensive-vyborg-petrozavodsk-offensive-soviet-troops-in-karelia\/\" >JUNE 10, 1944 BEGAN OFFENSIVE VYBORG-PETROZAVODSK OFFENSIVE \u2013 BATTLE BROTHERHOOD \u2013 battlebrotherhood.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Continuation War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Continuation_War#Background\" >Background \u2013 <strong>Continuation War<\/strong> \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/finland\/20.htm\" >The Continuation War \u2013 Finland \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rajajoki.com\/\" >JATKOSOTA: 1941-1944: The Continuation War \u2013 rajajoki.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/media.wfyi.org\/fireandice\/history\/continuation40.htm\" >Continuation War 1940 \u2013 meida.wfyi.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historyfollower.com\/the-continuation-war\/\" >The Continuation War \u2013 History Follower \u2013 historyfollower.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/uralica.com\/joronen.htm\" >Antti Joronen\u2019s War Photo Gallery \u2013 First-Hand Continuation War History \u2013 uralica.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/maximietteita.blogspot.com\/2016\/06\/continuation-war-karelian-area.html\" >Continuation War \u2013 Karelian Area \u2013 maxmietteita.blogspot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wars.findthedata.com\/l\/127\/Continuation-War\" >Continuation War \u2013 Photographs \u2013 findthedata.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WJ5m6235LRw\" >YouTube video (5 min. 03 sec.): Continuation War \u2013 Finlandia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>From Winter War to the Continuation War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/war\/winter-war.htm\" >1939-1940 \u2013 Winter War \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/hyperwar\/UN\/USSR\/Sov_Finn-1939_Doctrine\/index.html\" >The Soviet-Finnish War, 1939-1940 Getting the Doctrine Right, by Major Gregory J. Bozek \u2013 iBiblio.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.feldgrau.com\/wwar.html\" >The Finnish Winter War 1939-1940, by Juha Ilo \u2013 Feldgrau.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.secondworldwarhistory.com\/winter-war-soviet-invasion-of-finland.asp\" >The Winter War \u2013 The Soviet Invasion of Finland Timeline (November 1939-March 1940) \u2013 SecondWorldWarHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2db.com\/battle_spec.php?battle_id=30\" >The Winter War \u2013 30 Nov 1939-13 Nov 1940, by Morgan Bell \u2013 World War II Database \u2013 WW2DB.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Commercial_Agreement_%281940%29\" >German-Soviet Commercial Agreement (1940) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/login?auth=0&amp;type=summary&amp;url=\/journals\/journal_of_military_history\/v072\/72.3.reese.pdf\" >Lessons of the Winter War: A Study in the Military Effectiveness of the Red Army, 1939\u20131940, by Roger R. Reese \u2013 JHU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Axis_talks\" >German-Soviet Axis talks \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Timelines of the Winter War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Winter_War\" >Timeline of the Winter War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/world-war-two\/world-war-two-and-eastern-europe\/the-winter-war-1939\/timeline-of-event\/\" >Timeline of the Winter War \u2013 History Learning Site \u2013 HistoryLearningSite.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states\" >Timeline of the occupation of the Baltic States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Forest_Service\" >United States Forest Service<\/a> and the Wartime Advertising Council release posters featuring <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smokey_Bear\" >Smokey Bear<\/a> for the first time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Savo_Island\" >Battle of Savo Island<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\" >Allied<\/a> naval forces protecting their amphibious forces during the initial stages of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Guadalcanal\" >Battle of Guadalcanal<\/a> are surprised and defeated by an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_Japanese_Navy\" >Imperial Japanese Navy<\/a> cruiser force.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>Indian leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahatma_Gandhi\" >Mahatma Gandhi<\/a> is arrested in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombay\" >Bombay<\/a> by British forces, launching the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quit_India_Movement\" >Quit India Movement<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1936\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Summer_Olympic_Games\" >Summer Olympic Games<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1936_Summer_Olympics\" >Games of the XI Olympiad<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jesse_Owens\" >Jesse Owens<\/a> wins his fourth <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gold_medal\" >gold medal<\/a> at the games.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>Start of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Mulhouse\" >Battle of Mulhouse<\/a>, part of a French attempt to recover the province of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alsace\" >Alsace<\/a> and the first French offensive of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1892\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Edison\" >Thomas Edison<\/a> receives a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patent\" >patent<\/a> for a two-way <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telegraphy\" >telegraph<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1877\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Wars\" >Indian Wars<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Big_Hole\" >Battle of Big Hole<\/a> \u2013 A small band of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nez_Perce_tribe\" >Nez Perc\u00e9 Indians<\/a> clash with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army\" >United States Army<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1854\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_David_Thoreau\" >Henry David Thoreau<\/a> publishes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walden\" ><em>Walden<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Henry David Thoreau and <\/em><\/strong><strong>Walden<em>:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thoreau.eserver.org\/walden00.html\" >Walden \u2013 An Annotated Edition, by Henry David Thoreau<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thoreau.eserver.org\/\" >The Thoreau Reader \u2013 Annotated Works of Henry David Thoreau \u2013 A Project in Cooperation with the Thoreau Society<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.calliope.org\/thoreau\/thoreau.html\" >Henry David Thoreau \u2013 Calliope.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/thoreau\/\" >Henry David Thoreau \u2013 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwidewaldens.org\/meet-thoreau-5-impact\/\" >Meet Thoreau: Henry\u2019s Global Impact \u2013 World Wide Waldens<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.walden.org\/Library\/About_Thoreau\" >The Walden Woods Project \u2013 About Thoreau: Thoreau and the Environment<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/article-1G2-3233900239\/walden.html\" >Walden \u2013 Environmental Science \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thoreauscholar.org\/\" >Henry David Thoreau Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2012\/mar\/14\/henry-david-thoreau-climate-change\" >Scientists use Thoreau\u2019s journal note to track climate change<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.danielbbotkin.com\/2009\/05\/10\/henry-david-thoreau-and-the-depth-of-walden-pond\/\" >Henry David Thoreau and the Depth of Walden Pond, by Daniel Botkin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.concordmuseum.org\/early-spring-exhibition.php\" >Early Spring \u2013 David Thoreau and Climate Change \u2013 Concord Museum<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1842\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Webster%E2%80%93Ashburton_Treaty\" >Webster\u2013Ashburton Treaty<\/a> is signed, establishing the United States\u2013Canada border east of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rocky_Mountains\" >Rocky Mountains<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1814\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Wars\" >Indian Wars<\/a>: the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muscogee_%28Creek%29\" >Creek<\/a> sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Fort_Jackson\" >Treaty of Fort Jackson<\/a>, giving up huge parts of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alabama\" >Alabama<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georgia_%28U.S._state%29\" >Georgia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1810\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon\" >Napoleon<\/a> annexes <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westphalia\" >Westphalia<\/a> as part of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_French_Empire\" >First French Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 10<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2001\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2001_Angola_train_attack\" >2001 Angola train attack<\/a>, 252 deaths.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1998\u00a0 <\/strong>HRH Prince <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Muhtadee_Billah\" >Al-Muhtadee Billah<\/a> is proclaimed the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crown_prince\" >crown prince<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brunei\" >Brunei<\/a> with a Royal Proclamation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1995\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oklahoma_City_bombing\" >Oklahoma City bombing<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timothy_McVeigh\" >Timothy McVeigh<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terry_Nichols\" >Terry Nichols<\/a> are indicted for the bombing. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_and_Lori_Fortier\" >Michael Fortier<\/a> pleads guilty in a plea-bargain for his testimony.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1993\u00a0 <\/strong>An earthquake measuring 7.0 on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richter_magnitude_scale\" >Richter Scale<\/a> hits the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Island\" >South Island<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand\" >New Zealand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>More than 127 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muslim\" >Muslims<\/a> are killed in North East <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lanka<\/a> by paramilitary troops.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magellan_%28spacecraft%29\" >Magellan space probe<\/a> reaches <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venus\" >Venus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1988\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_American_internment\" >Japanese American internment<\/a>: U.S. President <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Reagan\" >Ronald Reagan<\/a> signs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civil_Liberties_Act_of_1988\" >Civil Liberties Act of 1988<\/a>, providing $20,000 payments to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_American\" >Japanese Americans<\/a> who were either interned in or relocated by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a> during <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Adam_Walsh\" >Murder of Adam Walsh<\/a>: the head of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Walsh_%28television_host%29\" >John Walsh<\/a>\u2018s son is found. This inspires the creation of the television series <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/America%27s_Most_Wanted\" ><em>America\u2019s Most Wanted<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>Three members of the Ulrich family are killed in an accident. This leads to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ford_Pinto\" >Ford Pinto<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ford_Pinto#Recall\" >litigation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya#Nuclear_testing\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Nuclear Tests at Novaya Zemlya:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-4-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union: Novaya Zemlya archipelago \u2013 relocation of indigenous population \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlja \u2013 NTI<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >\u201c<em>Novaya Zemlya, beginning in 1954, was exclusively used by Russia for almost 40 years as a nuclear testing area, atmospherically, underground, and in the surrounding oceans. Lately researchers have begun to discover that Novaya Zemlya was also used as a graveyard for various nuclear weapons, submarines, and reactors, sunk to the bottom of the ocean. Many vessels still had their radioactive materials aboard and were not properly disposed of. Therefore, Novaya Zemlya is quickly becoming an environmental disaster<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlja<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >\u201c<em>\u2019Collecting large numbers of seagull and guillemot eggs, as well as hunting birds, was the most destructive action people have ever done on Novaya Zemlya,\u2019 said Gennady Khakhin, head of the Center for Wild Animal Health of the All-Russia Research Institute of Nature Conservation at the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Novaya Zemlja: birds, animals adapt to nuclear test site \u2013 NuclearNo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1977_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" ><strong>1977<\/strong>\u00a0 USSR performs<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >(underground) nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1977_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >Zabaykalsky (then Chita), Russia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1977:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1977_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1977 in the Soviet nuclear tests \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" ><em>Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong>A day after murdering <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sharon_Tate\" >Sharon Tate<\/a> and four others, members of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Manson\" >Charles Manson<\/a>\u2018s cult kill <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leno_and_Rosemary_LaBianca\" >Leno and Rosemary LaBianca<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >USSR performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novaya_Zemlya\" >Novaya Zemlya<\/a> USSR.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Novaya Zemlya Test Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/russia\/novaya_zemlya_nuc.htm\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/places\/novaya-zemlya\" >NOVAYA ZEMLYA \u2013 AtlasObscura.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.giantbomb.com\/novaya-zemlya\/3035-3167\/\" >Novaya Zemlya \u2013 GiantBomb.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arkcode.com\/custom3_64.html\" >NOVA ZEMLYA (NOVAYA ZEMLYA) 58 MEGA TON H BOMB TEST \u2013 ArkCode.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nti.org\/facilities\/924\/\" >Central Test Site of Russia on Novaya Zemlya \u2013 NTI.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/novalya.htm\" >ICE Case Studies \u2013 Novaya Zemlya, by Carrie McVicker \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/IOTD\/view.php?id=39591\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 Image \u2013 NASA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/novayazemlya.net\/\" >Novaya Zemlya Archipelago \u2013 NovayaZemlya.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclear-risks.org\/en\/hibakusha-worldwide\/novaya-zemlya.html\" >Novaya Zemlya, Russia \u2013 Nuclear-Risks.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tass.ru\/en\/russia\/743105\" >Novaya Zemlya: test site for most powerful nuclear bomb ever detonated \u2013 July 31, 2014 \u2013 TASS Russian News Agency<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nuclearno.com\/text.asp?11073\" >Novaya Zemlya: birds, animals adapt nuclear test site, by Tatyana Sinitsyna \u2013 RIA Novosti, Russia \u2013 15 August 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRPAPHICAL SURVEY \u2013 Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501 \u2013 Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/%7Erichards\/my_papers\/khalturin_NZ_1-42%20.pdf\" >A Review of the Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955 \u2013 1990, by Vitaly I. Khalturin, Tatyana G. Rautian, Paul G. Richards, and William S. Leith \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>First use in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agent_Orange\" >Agent Orange<\/a> by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army\" >US Army<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vietnam War in 1961:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1961_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >1961 in the Vietnam War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/paperlessarchives.com\/vwfrus.html\" >Vietnam War 1961 \u2013 1969: 7770 pages of text transcription of United States Government documents dating from 1961 to 1969 concerning the Vietnam War. \u2013 paperlessarchives.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/vietnamgear.com\/war1961.aspx\" >Vietnam War Timeline: 1961-1962 \u2013 vietnamgear.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/unitedstates\/vietnam\/index-1961.html\" >Vietnam War \u2013 America commits 1961-1964 \u2013 historyplace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu\/encyclopedia\/encyclopedia\/enc_the_vietnam_war_1961_1975\/\" >Vietnam War (1961-1975) \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu\/webbin\/book\/browse?type=lcsubc&amp;key=Vietnam%20War%2c%201961%2d1975\" >Online Books Page: Vietnam War 1961-1975 \u2013 upenn.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Some Pertinent Information on \u201c<\/strong><\/em><strong>Agent Orange\u201d<\/strong><em><strong>:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/vietnam-war\/agent-orange\" >AGENT ORANGE \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Agent_Orange.aspx\" >Agent Orange \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scienceclarified.com\/A-Al\/Agent-Orange.html\" >Orange Agent \u2013 ScienceClarified.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.monsanto.com\/newsviews\/pages\/agent-orange-background-monsanto-involvement.aspx\" >\u201c<em>From 1965 to 1969, the former Monsanto Company was one of nine wartime government contractors who manufactured Agent Orange.\u00a0 The government set the specifications for making Agent Orange and determined when, where and how it was used. Agent Orange was only produced for, and used by, the government<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Agent Orange: Background on Monsanto\u2019s Involvement \u2013 Monsanto.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thewe.cc\/weplanet\/asia\/vietnam\/agent_orange_victims_of-US_herbicide_spraying_vietnam.htm\" >Chemical companies, US authorities knew dangers of Agent Orange \u2013 TheWe.cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/12\/us\/agent-oranges-long-legacy-for-vietnam-and-veterans.html?_r=0\" >Agent Orange\u2019s Long Legacy, for Vietnam and Veterans \u2013 The New York Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2003\/mar\/29\/usa.adrianlevy\" >\u201c<em>Nearly 30 years after the Vietnam war, a chemical weapon used by US troops is still exacting a hideous toll on each new generation. Cathy Scott-Clark and Adrian Levy report. Hong Hanh is falling to pieces. She has been poisoned by the most toxic molecule known to science; it was sprayed during a prolonged military campaign\u2026.. There are an estimated 650,000 like Hong Hanh in Vietnam, suffering from an array of baffling chronic conditions. Another 500,000 have already died<\/em>. \u201d \u2013 Spectre Orange \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/links.org.au\/node\/2457\" >Victims of Agent Orange\/dioxin: \u2018Agent Orange in Vietnam was a crime against humanity\u2019 \u2013 Links.org.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.publichealth.va.gov\/exposures\/agentorange\/\" >Public Health \u2013 Agent Orange \u2013 US Department of Veterans Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.benefits.va.gov\/compensation\/claims-postservice-agent_orange.asp\" >Compensation \u2013 Veterans Exposed to Agent Orange \u2013 US Department of Veterans Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.publichealth.va.gov\/exposures\/agentorange\/conditions\/index.asp\" >Veterans\u2019 Diseases Associated with Agent Orange \u2013 US Department of Veterans Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.diabetes.org\/living-with-diabetes\/complications\/related-conditions\/agent-orange.html\" >\u201c<em>Vietnam veterans with type 2 diabetes are eligible for disability compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) based on their presumed exposure to Agent Orange or other herbicides<\/em>. \u2013 Agent Orange \u2013 Diabetes.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/cancercauses\/othercarcinogens\/intheworkplace\/agent-orange-and-cancer\" >Agent Orange and Cancer \u2013 Cancer.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/agent-orange\/\" >Veterans Exposed to Toxic Chemical Accuse VA Of Foot-Dragging \u2013 Agent Orange \u2013 The Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/agentorangerecord.com\/agent_orange_history\/\" >AMERICA\u2019S MOST LETAH SEVRET AGENT? \u2013 AgentOrangeRecord.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/agentorangezone.blogspot.com\/2014\/10\/veterans-and-human-rights-attorneys.html\" >Orange Agent Zone \u2013 Veterans and Human Rights Attorneys Seek Information Weapons Use in Iraq \u2013 October 27, 2014<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Chemical Weapons and International Law:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemical_Weapons_Convention\" >Chemical Weapons Convention \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/WMD\/Chemical\/\" >CHEMICAL WEAPONS \u2013 UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/disarmament.un.org\/treaties\/t\/cwc\/text\" >Full Text of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Us of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (signed 3 September 1992; effective 29 April 1997)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/disarmament.un.org\/treaties\/t\/cwc\" >Status of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Us of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/eng\/resources\/documents\/interview\/2013\/07-18-syria-chemical-weapons.htm\" >Chemical weapons: An absolute prohibition under international law \u2013 ICRC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2013\/08\/syria-chemical-weapons-explainer\" >International Law, Security, and Weapons of Mass Destruction, by Jayantha Dhanapala, Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs, United Nations, 9 May, 2002<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ir.canterbury.ac.nz\/bitstream\/10092\/850\/1\/thesis_fulltext.pdf\" >Can International Law Achieve the Effective Disarmament of Chemical Weapons? ,by Peggy Lefevre<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/physiciansforhumanrights.org\/training\/chemical-weapons\/\" >Chemical Weapons Facts \u2013 Physicians for Human Rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.weaponslaw.org\/weapons\/chemical-weapons\" >Chemical Weapons \u2013 Chemical weapons are generally prohibited by the 1992 Chemical Weapons Convention \u2013 WeaponsLaw.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2013\/08\/syria-chemical-weapons-explainer\" >Are Chemical Weapons Reason Enough to Go to War? \u2013 August 30, 2013, MotherJones.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/humanrightsinvestigations.org\/2013\/09\/27\/human-rights-watch-un-chemical-weapons-report\/\" >Human Rights Watch and UN chemical weapons report \u2013 September 27, 2013 \u2013 HumanRightsInvestigations.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1957\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\/\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Teapot\" >atmospheric: Operation Teapot<\/a>) at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>US Nuclear Tests at Nevada Site:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States\" >List of the nuclear weapons tests of the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomcentral.com\/the-cold-war.aspx\" >The Cold War \u2013 AtomCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/nuke\/guide\/usa\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 FAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >NEVADA TEST SITE \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/archure.net\/liberty\/nukenevada.html\" >NUKE TESTING in NEVADA \u2013 Archure.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >ECOLOGY OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center \u2013 NevadaTestSite.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/50\" >50 Facts About the US Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Usa\/Tests\/\" >Gallery of US Nuclear Tests \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.acq.osd.mil\/ncbdp\/nm\/nm_book_5_11\/index.htm\" >The Nuclear Matters Handbook<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Nuclear Weapons and the United States:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States\" >Nuclear Weapons and the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/231697.htm\" >Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verifications and Entry into Force of the CTBT \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/avc\/rls\/202015.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs \u2013 January 3, 2013 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/articles\/2014\/04\/28-50-nuclear-facts\" >50 Facts About US Nuclear Weapons Today \u2013 April 28, 2014 \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/research\/lecture\/2012\/08\/the-future-of-the-us-nuclear-triad\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Michaela Dodge \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/1997_05\/nas\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Policy \u2013 Arms Control Association<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252183576_The_Future_of_the_U.S._Nuclear_Weapons_Program\" >The Future of the US Nuclear Weapons Program, by Linton F. Brooks \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/t\/us\/2014\/233254.htm\" >US Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century \u2013 Rose Gottemoeller, Under Secretary\u00a0for Arms Control and International Security, \u00a0Dixie State University, St. George, Utah \u2013 October 21, 2014 \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Atmospheric\/High-altitude Nuclear Explosion Testing:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High-altitude_nuclear_explosion\" >Atmospheric nuclear explosion \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/hane.html\" >High-altitude nuclear explosions, by Wm Robert Johnston \u2013 JohnstonsArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/history-of-nuclear-testing\/types-of-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >\u201c<em>Atmospheric testing refers to explosions which take place in the atmosphere<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 TYPES OF NUCLEA WEAPONS TESTS \u2013 CTBTO.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/zvis.com\/nuclear\/ndb\/usnuks.shtml\" >US Atmospheric Nuclear Test Page \u2013 Nuclear Weapons \u2013 Zvis.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Indochina_War\" >First Indochina War<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Union\" >French Union<\/a> withdraws its forces from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Camargue\" >Operation Camargue<\/a> against the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viet_Minh\" >Viet Minh<\/a> in central <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam\" >Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Operation Camargue:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Camargue\" >Operation Camargue \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historywarsweapons.com\/operation-camargue\/\" >Operation Camargue \u2013 historywarsweapons.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/anasta.net\/video\/news\/operation-camargue-1953.html\" >Operation Camargue (1953) \u2013 anasta.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GxFIc1iQYf4\" >YouTube video (1 min. 48 sec.): Operation \u2018camargue\u2019 (1953)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>First Indochina War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/viet-nam.wikispaces.com\/First+Indochina+War\" >First Indochina War \u2013 WikiSpaces.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ichiban1.org\/html\/history\/bc_1964_prewar\/first_indochina_war_1945_1954.htm\" >(First) Indochina War \u2013 Ichiban1.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dingeengoete.blogspot.com\/2013\/12\/this-day-in-history-dec-19-1946-start.html\" >This Day in History: Dec 19, 1946: Start of the First Indochina War \u2013 Dinge en Goete<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.coldwar.org\/articles\/40s\/FirstIndochinaWar.asp\" >FIRST INDOCHINA WAR \u2013 ColdWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/First-Indochina-War\" >First Indochina War \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyguy.com\/indochina_war_first.htm\" >First Indochina War \u2013 The History Guy \u2013 HistoryGuy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/alphahistory.com\/vietnam\/first-indochina-war\/\" >The First Indochina War \u2013 AlphaHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1949\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >US President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_S._Truman\" >Harry S. Truman<\/a> signs the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Security_Act_of_1947\" >National Security Act Amendment<\/a>, streamlining the defense agencies of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_government_of_the_United_States\" >United States government<\/a>, and replacing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Defense\" >Department of War<\/a> with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Defense\" >United States Department of Defense<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>National Security Act Amendment:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/truman-signs-national-security-bill\" >Truman signs national Security Bill \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/japan-accepts-potsdam-terms-agrees-to-unconditional-surrender\" ><strong>1945\u00a0 Japan accepts Potsdam terms, agrees to unconditional surrender<\/strong><\/a>. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hirohito\" >Japanese Emperor, Hirohito<\/a>\u2019s announcement to the Japanese public is audio-recorded on 14 August 1945, and is broadcasted all over the country at noon, on 15 August 1945, local time. <em>See also the entries of the dates of <\/em><strong><em>AUGUST<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>14<\/em><\/strong><em> and <\/em><strong><em>15, 1945<\/em><\/strong><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/boingboing.net\/2014\/09\/29\/stealing-japans-wwii-surrend.html\" >\u201c<em>On or around August 9, 1945, Emperor Showa (also known as Hirohito) \u2014 the monarch at the time \u2014 decided to accept the Potsdam Declaration. The democratically elected government, unsurprisingly, agreed. To announce the surrender, Hirohito ordered a drafting of a statement, to be read by him, explaining the reasons for accepting the Declaration while (in his eyes) protecting the sovereignty of his rule<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Stealing Japan\u2019s WWII surrender statement \u2013 BoingBoing.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Hirohito\" >Hirohito, Emperor of Japan \u2013 Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong>World War II: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Narva_%281944%29\" >Battle of Narva<\/a> ends with a combined <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germany\" >German<\/a>\u2013<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonia\" >Estonian<\/a> force successfully defending <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Narva\" >Narva<\/a>, Estonia, from invading <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet<\/a> troops.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Battle of Narva:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)\" >Battle of Narva (1944) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1944\/2\/2\/battle-of-narva-1944\" >Feb 2 1944 to Aug 10 1944 \u2013 Battle of Narva (1944) \u2013 worldhistoryproject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II\" >World War II<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Guam_%281944%29\" >American forces defeat the last Japanese troops on Guam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Battle of Guam of 1944:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/WWIIPacific\/fl\/World-War-II-Battle-of-Guam-1944.htm\" >World War II \u2013 Battle of Guam (1944) \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/world-war-ii\/world-war-ii-history\/videos\/battle-of-guam\" >Battle of Guam \u2013 WORLD WAR II HISTORY VIDEOS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1932\u00a0 <\/strong>A 5.1 kilograms (11\u00a0lb) <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chondrite\" >chondrite<\/a>-type <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meteorite\" >meteorite<\/a> breaks into at least seven pieces and lands near the town of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archie,_Missouri\" >Archie<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cass_County,_Missouri\" >Cass County, Missouri<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman sultan<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mehmed_VI\" >Mehmed VI<\/a>\u2018s representatives sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres\" >Treaty of S\u00e8vres<\/a> that divides up the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a> between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_I\" >Allies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/austria-hungary-issues-ultimatum-to-serbia\" ><strong>1914\u00a0 Austria-Hungary issues ultimate to Serbia.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Balkan_War\" >Second Balkan War<\/a>: delegates from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgaria\" >Bulgaria<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" >Romania<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbia\" >Serbia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montenegro\" >Montenegro<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greece\" >Greece<\/a> sign the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Bucharest_%281913%29\" >Treaty of Bucharest<\/a>, ending the war.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Treaty of Bucharest of 1913:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mtholyoke.edu\/acad\/intrel\/boshtml\/bos149.htm\" >Treaty of Bucharest, August 10, 1913 \u2013 myholyoke.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Bucharest_%281913%29\" >Treaty of Bucharest (1913) \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Treaty-of-Bucharest-1913\" >Treaty of Bucharest [1913] \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofmacedonia.org\/PartitionedMacedonia\/Bucharest.html\" >The Treaty of Bucharest August 10, 1913 \u2013 historyofmacedonia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thegreatwar.wordpress.com\/tag\/treaty-of-bucharest\/\" >The Treaty of Bucharest, August 13, 1913 \u2013 THE GREAT WAR \u2013 thegreatwar.wordpress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Second Balkan War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Balkan_War\" >Second Balkan War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thegreatwar.wordpress.com\/2008\/08\/27\/second-balkan-war-june-16-1913-july-18-1913\/\" >Second Balkan War \u2013 June 16, 1917 \u2013 July 18, 1913 \u2013 THE GREAT WAR \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thegreatwar.wordpress.com\/tag\/second-balkan-war\/\" >Post Tagged: \u2018Second Balkan War\u2019 \u2013 The Treaty of Bucharest, August 10, 1913 \u2013 THE GREAT WAR \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/war-memorial.net\/2nd-Balkan-War--3.26\" >2<sup>nd<\/sup> Balkan War \u2013 Years: 1913-1913 \u2013 The Polynational War Memorial \u2013 War-Memorial.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/search\/Second%20Balkan%20War\" >SECOND BALKAN WAR \u2013 Tumblr.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Second-Balkan-War\" >Second Balkan War \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=npTt8gB40Oc\" >Second Balkan War \u2013 YouTube video (1 min. 18 sec.)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mentalfloss.com\/article\/51453\/world-war-i-centennial-second-balkan-war-begins\" >World War I Centennial: The Second Balkan War Begins \u2013 MentalFloss.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.questia.com\/library\/history\/military-history\/wars-battles-and-military-interventions\/balkan-wars\" >The First and Second Balkan Wars 1912-1913 \u2013 Questa.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>First Balkan War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balkan_Wars\" >Balkan Wars \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Balkan-Wars\" >Balkan Wars \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nzhistory.net.nz\/media\/photo\/first-balkan-war-1912\" >First Balkan War 1912 \u2013 NZHistory.net.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hellenicaworld.com\/Greece\/History\/en\/FirstBalkanWar.html\" >First Balkan War \u2013 HellenicaWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thenagain.info\/WebChron\/EastEurope\/FirstBalkan.html\" >The First Balkan War 1912-1913 \u2013 ThenAgain.info<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.balkanhistory.com\/balkan_war_1912.htm\" >Balkan Military History \u2013 BalkanHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tc-america.org\/resource-center\/tca-fact-sheet-the-first-balkan-war-571.htm\" >TCA Fact Sheet: The 1912-1913 Balkan Wars \u2013 Turkish Coalition of America \u2013 TC-America.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.balkanhistory.com\/balkan_war_1912.htm\" >\u201c<em>In Macedonia, the Serbian army defeated the Turks at Kumanovo that enabled it to join forces with the Montenegrins and enter Skopje. Meanwhile, the Greeks occupied Salonika and advanced on Io\u00e1nnina. In Albania, the Montenegrins besieged Shkod\u00ebr, and the Serbs entered Durr\u00ebs<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 The First Balkan War \u2013 Balkan Military History<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1905\u00a0 <\/strong>Russo-Japanese War: peace negotiations begin in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portsmouth,_New_Hampshire\" >Portsmouth, New Hampshire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1904\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russo-Japanese_War\" >Russo-Japanese War<\/a>: the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_Yellow_Sea\" >Battle of the Yellow Sea<\/a> between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russian<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japanese<\/a> battleship fleets takes place.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1901\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._Steel_Recognition_Strike_of_1901\" >U.S. Steel Recognition Strike<\/a> by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amalgamated_Association_of_Iron_and_Steel_Workers\" >Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1864\u00a0 <\/strong>After Uruguay\u2019s governing <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Party_%28Uruguay%29\" >Blanco Party<\/a> refuses Brazil\u2019s demands, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Ant%C3%B4nio_Saraiva\" >Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f4nio Saraiva<\/a> announces that the Brazilian military will begin reprisals, beginning the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uruguayan_War\" >Uruguayan War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1846\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smithsonian_Institution\" >Smithsonian Institution<\/a> is chartered by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Congress\" >United States Congress<\/a> after <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Smithson\" >James Smithson<\/a> donates $500,000.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/smithsonian-institution-created\" >Smithsonian Institute Created \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1813\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Instituto_Nacional_General_Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Carrera\" >Instituto Nacional<\/a>, is founded by the Chilean patriot <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Carrera\" >Jos\u00e9 Miguel Carrera<\/a>. It is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chile\" >Chile<\/a>\u2018s oldest and most prestigious school. Its motto is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Latin_phrases\" ><em>Labor Omnia Vincit<\/em><\/a>, which means \u201cWork conquers all things\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1809\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quito\" >Quito<\/a>, now the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_city\" >capital<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecuador\" >Ecuador<\/a>, declares independence from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spain\" >Spain<\/a>. This rebellion will be crushed on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_2\" >August 2<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1810\" >1810<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Ecuador:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ec.html\" >Ecuador \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecuador\" >Ecuador \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Ecuador\" >Ecuador \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/ecuador.html?pageno=5\" >\u201c<em>On August 16, 2012, Ecuador announced that it was granting political asylum to WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. Assange had been seeking refuge at the country\u2019s Embassy in London while waiting for the decision. The decision further strained relations between Ecuador and Britain<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Ecuador Grants Asylum to Julian Assange \u2013 Ecuador \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ecuador\" >List of heads of state of Ecuador \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Ecuador:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Ecuador\" >History of Ecuador \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ecuadorexplorer.com\/html\/history.html\" >History of Ecuador \u2013 EcuadorExplore.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ecuaworld.com\/ecuador-information-center\/brief-history-ecuador\/\" >A Brief History of Ecuador \u2013 ECUAWORLD.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographia.com\/ecuador\/history.htm\" >ECUADOR: History and Culture \u2013 Geographia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/ecuador.html\" >Ecuador \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ecuador.com\/history\/\" >Ecuador\u2019s History \u2013 Ecuador.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ecuador.com\/history\/\" >Ecuador\u2019s History From Ancient Incas to Modern Times \u2013 Ecuador.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Ecuador:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/ecuador\" >Ecuador \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/ecuador\" >Ecuador \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/ecuador\" >Ecuador \u2013 The Heritage Foundation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Ecuador\" >Economy of Ecuador \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsencyclopedia.com\/economies\/Americas\/Ecuador-OVERVIEW-OF-ECONOMY.html\" >Ecuador \u2013 Overview of economy \u2013 NationsEncyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1793\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre\" >Mus\u00e9e du Louvre<\/a> is officially opened in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paris\" >Paris<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1792\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Revolution\" >French Revolution<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/10_August_%28French_Revolution%29\" >Storming of the Tuileries Palace<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_XVI_of_France\" >Louis XVI of France<\/a> is arrested and taken into custody as his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_Guard\" >Swiss Guards<\/a> are massacred by the Parisian mob.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/smithsonian-institution-created\" ><strong>1776\u00a0 London learns American independence.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2012\u00a0 <\/strong>At least 306 people are killed and 3,000 others injured in\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2012_East_Azerbaijan_earthquakes\" >a pair of earthquakes<\/a>\u00a0near\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tabriz\" >Tabriz<\/a>,\u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\" >Iran<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u00a0 <\/strong>The Israeli interior ministry grants <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.uscj.org\/JewishLivingandLearning\/WeeklyParashah\/TorahSparks\/Archive\/_5772\/Ekev5772.aspx\" >its final approval for building 1,600<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israeli_settlement\" >settler homes<\/a> in the disputed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Jerusalem\" >East<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerusalem\" >Jerusalem<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>East Jerusalem:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.btselem.org\/jerusalem\" >Background on East Jerusalem<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/east-jerusalem\/\" >East Jerusalem \u2013 The Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.btselem.org\/topic\/jerusalem\" >East Jerusalem \u2013 B\u2019Tselem<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2006\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oil_tanker\" >oil tanker<\/a> M\/T <em>Solar 1<\/em> sinks off the coast of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guimaras\" >Guimaras<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Negros_%28island%29\" >Negros<\/a> Islands in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" >Philippines<\/a>, causing the country\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guimaras_oil_spill\" >worst oil spill<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jemaah_Islamiyah\" >Jemaah Islamiyah<\/a> leader <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riduan_Isamuddin\" >Riduan Isamuddin<\/a>, better known as Hambali, is arrested in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangkok\" >Bangkok<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thailand\" >Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2003\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO\" >NATO<\/a> takes over command of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Security_Assistance_Force\" >peacekeeping force<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan\" >Afghanistan<\/a>, marking its first major operation outside <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Europe\" >Europe<\/a> in its 54-year-history.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1984\u00a0 <\/strong>\u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/We_begin_bombing_in_five_minutes\" >We begin bombing in five minutes<\/a>\u201d \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >United States President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Reagan\" >Ronald Reagan<\/a>, while running for re-election, jokes while preparing to make his weekly Saturday address on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NPR\" >National Public Radio<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1984_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" ><strong>1984\u00a0 USSR performs<\/strong><\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underground_nuclear_weapons_testing\" >(underground) nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1984_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >Komi<\/a>, Russia.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>USSR Nuclear Tests in 1984:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1984_Soviet_nuclear_tests\" >1984 Soviet nuclear tests &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>USSR\u2019s Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Effect and\/or Impact of Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/page-3-effects-of-nuclear-weapon-testing-by-the-soviet-union\/\" >Page 3: Effects of Nuclear Weapon Testing by the Soviet Union \u2013 Economic, social, and environmental impacts \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/general-overview-of-theeffects-of-nuclear-testing\/\" >GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TESTING \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/slashdot.org\/story\/13\/08\/20\/1738213\/the-secret-effort-to-clean-up-a-former-soviet-nuclear-test-site\" >The Secret Effort To Clean Up a Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site \u2013 Slashdot.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.543.8580\" >A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya, by Vitaly I. Khalturin , Tatyana G. Rautian , Paul G. Richards , and William S. Leith \u2013 CiteSeerX- PSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Underground Nuclear Tests:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tightflash.org\/all_911\/third_truth\/nuclear_demolition_basic\/USGSOFR01312.pdf\" >The Containment of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions, by Vitaly V. Adshkin, and William Leith \u2013 OPEN FILE REPROT 01-312, September 2001 \u2013 US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srl.geoscienceworld.org\/content\/86\/2A\/451.full.pdf\" ><em>Political Seismology or Seismological Politics: Natural Resources Defense Council \u2013 USSR Experiments in Underground Nuclear Test Verification, by Anna Amramina<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/02\/11\/world\/asia\/north-korea-underground-explosion-explainer\/index.html\" >What happens with an underground nuclear test? , by Kevin Voigt \u2013 February 19, 2013 \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nnsa.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nv_sweis\/environmentalimpact\/v2\/Appendix%20H.pdf\" >APPENDIX H \u2013 UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gajitz.com\/buried-history-underground-nuclear-weapons-tests\/\" >Buried History: Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 GAJITZ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theblogbelow.com\/2008\/07\/underground-nuclear-test.html\" >Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 TheBlogBelow.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ldeo.columbia.edu\/res\/pi\/Monitoring\/Arch\/BRV_arch_exp.html\" >Borovoye Archive Data from Underground Nuclear Tests \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/1993\/0501\/report.pdf\" >Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia, by John R. Matzko \u2013 Open-File Report 93-501- Reston, Virginia \u2013 1993 \u2013 THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong>A bomb explodes on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pan_Am_Flight_830\" >Pan Am Flight 830<\/a>, en route from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tokyo\" >Tokyo, Japan<\/a> to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honolulu\" >Honolulu, Hawaii<\/a>, killing one teenager and injuring 15 passengers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-united-states-nuclear-testing-programme\" >US performs nuclear test<\/a> at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevada_Test_Site\" >Nevada Test Site<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Some information on Nevada Test Site:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onlinenevada.org\/articles\/nevada-test-site-overview\" >Nevada Test Site Overview \u2013 OnlineNevada.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/chemistry.about.com\/od\/nuclearchemistry\/a\/How-To-Visit-The-Nevada-Test-Site.htm\" >How to Visit the Nevada Test Site \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/display\/wanmec\/Nevada+Test+Site\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Washington Nuclear Museum and Education Center -Toxipedia.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/facility\/nts.htm\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/about\/projects\/archive\/nucweapons\/nts\" >Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site \u2013 Brookings.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unlv.edu\/ntsohp\/\" >Nevada Test Site \u2013 Oral History Project \u2013 UNLV.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nationalatomictestingmuseum.org\/\" >NATIONAL ATOMIC TESTING MUSEUM<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Ecology and the Nevada Test Site:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.doe.gov\/library\/publications\/Environmental\/DOENV_11718_594.pdf\" >Ecology of the Nevada Test Site: An Annotated Bibliography<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nv.energy.gov\/nssab\/documents\/handouts\/fy%202013\/fb\/08-21-13%20FB%20Mtg%20Folder.pdf\" >Nevada Site Specific Advisory Board \u2013 Full Board Meeting Handouts for Wednesday, August 21, 2013<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cdclv.unlv.edu\/healthnv\/environment.html\" >Environment and the Quality of Life in Nevada \u2013 UNLV.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/255236555_Studies_of_environmental_plutonium_and_other_transuranics_in_desert_ecosystems._Nevada_Applied_Ecology_Group_progress_report_%28workshop_session_May_1975%29._Nevada_Test_Site\" >Studies of environmental plutonium and other transuranics in desert ecosystems. Nevada Applied Ecology Group progress report (workshop session, May 1975) [Nevada Test Site]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osti.gov\/scitech\/biblio\/10191695-FPidpo\/webviewable\/\" >Summary of the Nevada Applied Ecology Group and correlative programs. Version 1 \u2013 SciTech Connect<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>The Nevada Test Site and Health:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nevadatestsite.info\/\" >Nevada Test Site Workers Exposed to Radiation \u2013 National Cancer Benefits Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/houstonmethodist.pure.elsevier.com\/en\/publications\/association-between-radioactive-fallout-from-19511962-us-nuclear-tests-at-the-nevada-test-site-and-cancer-mortality-in-midwestern-us-populations%282015940b-cee2-49f0-a6ea-2661c77db915%29.html\" >Association between radioactive fallout from 1951 \u2013 1962 US nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site and cancer mortality in Midwestern US population, L.E. Peterson and R.E. Miller<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ndep.nv.gov\/admin\/keyword.htm\" >Nevada Division of Environmental Protection \u2013 Department of Conservation &amp; Natural Resources \u2013 State of Nevada \u2013 Topic Index<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1979\u00a0 <\/strong>Two <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeroflot\" >Aeroflot<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tupolev_Tu-134\" >Tupolev Tu-134s<\/a> collide over the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine\" >Ukrainian<\/a> city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dniprodzerzhynsk\" >Dniprodzerzhynsk<\/a> and crash, killing all 178 aboard both airliners.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1975\u00a0 <\/strong>US vetoes proposed admission of North &amp; South Vietnam to UN.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1975 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Timor\" >East Timor<\/a>: Governor <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A1rio_Lemos_Pires\" >M\u00e1rio Lemos Pires<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portuguese_Timor\" >Portuguese Timor<\/a> abandons the capital <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dili\" >Dili<\/a>, following a coup by the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timorese_Democratic_Union\" >Timorese Democratic Union<\/a> (UDT) and the outbreak of civil war between UDT and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revolutionary_Front_for_an_Independent_East_Timor\" >Fretilin<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>UDT and Its Coup in August 1975:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timorese_Democratic_Union\" >\u201c<em>In August of that year, the UDT staged a coup against the Portuguese administration, and a three-month civil war erupted. Many UDT politicians and supporters fled across the border to West Timor, where they were required to sign a petition calling for East Timor&#8217;s incorporation into Indonesia<\/em>.\u201d &#8211; Timorese Democratic Union &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crwflags.com\/fotw\/flags\/tl%7Dudt.html\" >Timorese Democratic Union \u2013 crwflags.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of East Timor:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_East_Timor\" >History of East Timor \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mtholyoke.edu\/%7Ergwhitma\/classweb2\/history%20and%20conflict.htm\" >History and Conflict in East Timor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.massviolence.org\/three-centuries-of-violence-and-struggle-in-east-timor-1726\" >Three centuries of violence and struggle in East Timor \u2013 (1726 \u2013 2008), by F\u00e9d\u00e9ric Durand \u2013 Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.peri.umass.edu\/fileadmin\/pdf\/Easttimor.pdf\" >East Timor \u2013 Indonesia (1975 \u2013 1999)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chomsky.info\/articles\/199910--02.htm\" >East Timor Questions &amp; Answers, by Stephen R. Shalom, Noam Chomsky, &amp; Michael Albert \u2013 Z magazine, October 1999<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-pacific-14952883\" >East Timor profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC News<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1973\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/american-graffiti-released\" >\u201cAmerican Graffiti\u201d released<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cinema13.net\/full.php?movie=0069704\" ><strong>Title: American Graffiti \u2013 Video Length 1 Hour 50 minutes Minutes \u2013 Quality: HD 1080p<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1972\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" >Vietnam War<\/a>: The last United States ground combat unit leaves <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >South Vietnam<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vietnam War in 1972:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1972_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >1972 in the Vietnam War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vietnamgear.com\/war1971.aspx\" >Vietnam War Timeline: 1971-1972 \u2013 vietnamgear.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.upi.com\/Archives\/Audio\/Events-of-1972\/Vietnam-War-and-Deaths\/\" >1972 YEAR REVIEW \u2013 Vietnam War and Deaths \u2013 Published: 1972 \u2013 UPI.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.citizendium.org\/wiki\/South_Vietnam\" >1972 \u2013 South Vietnam\u2019s ground war, 1972-1975 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.magnumphotos.com\/Catalogue\/Bruno-Barbey\/1972\/SOUTH-VIETNAM-Vietnam-War-1972-NN145549.html\" >SOUTH VEITNAM 1972: Vietnam War \u2013 Bruno Barbey \u2013 MagnamPhotos.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/battlefieldvietnam\/timeline\/index3.html\" >Battlefield Timeline \u2013 1969-1972 \u2013 Battlefield Vietnam \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Vietnam War in the Near-Final Phase:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/last-u-s-ground-combat-unit-departs-south-vietnam\" >Last US ground combat unit departs South Vietnam \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/unitedstates\/vietnam\/index-1969.html\" >Vietnam War \u2013 Bitter End (1969 \u2013 1975) \u2013 The History Place<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.armchairgeneral.com\/last-us-combat-troops-in-vietnam.htm\" >Last US Combat Troops in Vietnam? ,by Steven Greaf \u2013 Armchair General<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fall_of_Saigon\" >Fall of Saigon \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fallofsaigon.org\/orig\/lastto.htm\" >The Last to Leave \u2013 MGySgt John J. Valdez Staff Non Commission Officer in charge American Embassy, Saigon, R. South Vietnam \u2013 FallOfSaigon.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/battlefieldvietnam\/timeline\/index4.html\" >Battlefield Timeline in Vietnam \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Viet Nam War and Pertinent Events:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/vietnam-war\" >VIETNAM WAR \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalhistory.uh.edu\/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&amp;psid=3470\" >Chronology of Viet Nam War and Pertinent Events \u2013 Digital History \u2013 DigitalHistory.UH.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/timelinesofvietnamwar\/p\/Facts-on-the-Vietnam-War.htm\" >Facts on Vietnam | A Quick Guide to the Viet Nam War \u2013 About education \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/wars_vietnam_1954_1968.html\" >The Vietnam War 1954-1968 \u2013 HistoryOfWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/wars_vietnam_1968_1975.html\" >The Vietnam War 1968-75 \u2013 HistoryOfWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.english.illinois.edu\/maps\/vietnam\/vietnamwar.htm\" >About the Vietnam War (1960-1975) \u2013 Illinois.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/unitedstates\/vietnam\/index-1965.html\" >The Vietnam War \u2013 The Jungle War 1965 \u2013 1968 \u2013 The History Place \u2013 HistoryPlace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atvaudio.com\/ata_vietnamwar.php\" >The VIETNAM WAR: US Involvement &amp; Escalation \u2013 ARCHIVAL TELEVISION AUDIO Inc. \u2013 RESEARCH REPORT \u2013 PART ONE \u2013 April 23, 1961 \u2013 May 27, 1968 \u2013 ATVAudio.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.english.illinois.edu\/maps\/vietnam\/anderson.htm\" >The Diplomatic Course of the Vietnam War, by David L Anderson \u2013 Illinois.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushistory.org\/us\/55.asp\" >The Vietnam War \u2013 US History \u2013 USHistory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leaders_of_the_Vietnam_War\" >Leaders of the Vietnam War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h1888.html\" >America\u2019s Vietnam War in Indochina \u2013 U-S-History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/historicaldocuments\/frus1964-68v07\/sources\" >Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964-1968, Volume VII, Vietnam, September 1968-January 1969 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.allempires.com\/article\/index.php?q=britain_tet_offensive\" >Britain and the Tet Offensive 1967-1968: A \u2018Turning Point\u2019 in British Foreign Policy? \u2013 All Empires \u2013 AllEmpires.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sparknotes.com\/history\/american\/vietnamwar\/section8.rhtml\" >THE VIETNAM WAR (1945-1975) \u2013 SparkNotes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Anti-Viet Nam War Movement or Opposition to United States Involvement in the Vietnam War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War\" >Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/vietnam-war\/vietnam-war-protests\" >VIET NAM WAR PROTESTS \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_against_the_Vietnam_War\" >Protests against the Vietnam War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nzhistory.net.nz\/media\/photo\/vietnam-war-protest-1967\" >Vietnam War Protest 1967 \u2013 New Zealand History \u2013 NZHistory.net.nz<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.english.illinois.edu\/maps\/vietnam\/antiwar.html\" >The Anti-War Movement in the United States, by Mark Barringer \u2013 Illinois.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/1stbn4thmarines.net\/operations\/vietnam\/page_13.htm\" >\u201c<em>Opposition to the Vietnam War tended to unite groups opposed to U.S. anti-communism, <\/em>imperialism <em>and <\/em>colonialism <em>and , for those involved with the <\/em>New Left <em>such as the <\/em>Catholic Worker Movement<em>, capitalism itself<\/em>.\u00a0\u201d \u2013 Opposition to the Viet Nam War: 1962-1975<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/libcom.org\/history\/vietnam-gi-resistance\" >1961-1975: GI resistance in the Viet Nam War \u2013 Libcom.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/amex\/twodays\/peopleevents\/e_antiwar.html\" >Student Antiwar Protests and the Backlash \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lib.berkeley.edu\/MRC\/pacificaviet.html\" >The Pacifica Radio\/UC Berkeley \u2013 Social Activism Sound Recording Project \u2013 Anti-Viet Nam War Protests in San Francisco Bay Area &amp; Beyond \u2013 Berkeley.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wisconsinhistory.org\/turningpoints\/tp-040\/?action=more_essay\" >Viet Nam and Opposition at Home \u2013 Wisconsin Historical Society \u2013 WisconsinHistory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/VNprotest.htm\" >Viet Nam Protest Movement \u2013 Spartacus-Educational.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/7418180.stm\" >The last steam hauled train runs<\/a> on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Rail\" >British Rail<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Last Steam Train in Britain:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fifteen_Guinea_Special\" >\u201c<em>The 1T57 \u2018Fifteen Guinea Special\u2019 was the last main-line passenger train to be hauled by steam locomotive power on British Railways on 11 August 1968<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.steamlocomotives.org\/\" >Steam Trains of British Railways<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.e4training.com\/steam\/\" >History of Steam Engines<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=f-wloUC5lXs\" >YouTube video (1 min. 52 sec.): Last BR Steam 1968 vintage cine film on DVD<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/inventors.about.com\/library\/inventors\/blrailroad.htm\" >Online of Railway History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rail.co.uk\/locomotives-and-engines\/\" >Locomotives &amp; Engines \u2013 Rail.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>War and Trains:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Since this article, not only presenting historical and historic events in the chronological order in the general sense, is specifically prepared for the TMS addressing \u201cpeace\u201d, this section here below provides the readers with some information relating to railways, trains and war (and peace).<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SWQ7l7qsYg8\" >YouTube video (1 min. 54 sec.): Battlefield Railway System<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/IDEAS\/Projects\/coldWarStudies\/militarytrain.aspx\" >British Military Train 1945 \u2013 1990 \u2013 ISE.ac.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holocaust_train\" >Holocaust train \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.enghelberg.com\/ediciones\/trains_holocaust.htm\" >TRAINS OF HOLOCAUST \u2013 Enghelberg.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theholocaustexplained.org\/ks3\/the-final-solution\/auschwitz-birkenau\/transport-and-arrival\/#.VbJQI_mufX4\" >\u201c<em>The first trains carrying Jews arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau in March 1942. Often several trains arrived daily carrying Jews from almost every country in Europe<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 THE HOLOCAUSE EXPLAINED<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.krakow-info.com\/train2os.htm\" >Trains to and from Oswiecim (Auschwitz) leaving and coming to Krakow\u2019s central (Krakow Glowny) railroad station \u2013 Krakow-info.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10005445\" >GERMAN RAILWAYHS AND HOLOCAUST \u2013 Holocaust Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/pope-world-powers-did-nothing-as-jews-were-taken-to-auschwitz\/\" >Pope: Why didn\u2019t Allies bomb railways lines to Auschwitz? \u2013 Francis laments that world powers did nothing to save Jewish, Christians, gays from Nazi death camps \u2013 The Times of Israel<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.algemeiner.com\/2015\/06\/24\/jewish-group-thanks-pope-for-criticizing-great-powers-for-failing-to-intervene-during-the-holocaust-bomb-concentration-camp-routes\/\" >Jewish Group Thanks Pope for Recognizing Great Powers\u2019 Failure to Intervene During the Holocaust \u2013 Algemeiner.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britain-at-war.org.uk\/WW2\/Bristolian_Train_Driver\/\" >A Bristolian Train Driver Recalls WWII, by Marc Nussbaumer \u2013 Train Driver<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qaranc.co.uk\/ambulancetrains.php\" >Ambulance Trains <strong>\u2013 <\/strong>Information, history and photographs of the ambulance trains used during World War I and II by the British Forces<strong> \u2013 <\/strong>co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/search.yahoo.com\/search;_ylt=AhPf.rTzgAvGNvWaBswkoCibvZx4?p=refugee+trains+from+syria&amp;toggle=1&amp;cop=mss&amp;ei=UTF-8&amp;fr=yfp-t-322&amp;fp=1\" >Photo: Syrian and Afghan refugees\/migrants aboard a train, going to Serbia for their asylum<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/syrian-refugees-fleeing-strife-civil-war-pass-million\/story?id=32327149\" >its story \u2013 ABC News<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace_Train_Organisation\" >Peace Train Organisation \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1965\u00a0 <\/strong>Race riots (the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watts_Riots\" >Watts Riots<\/a>) begin in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watts,_Los_Angeles\" >Watts<\/a> area of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles\" >Los Angeles, California<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Watts Riots:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu\/encyclopedia\/encyclopedia\/enc_watts_rebellion_los_angeles_1965\/\" >\u201c<em>On Wednesday, 11 August 1965, Marquette Frye, a 21-year-old black man, was arrested for drunk driving on the edge of Los Angeles\u2019 Watts neighborhood. The ensuing struggle during his arrest sparked off 6 days of rioting, resulting in 34 deaths, over 1,000 injuries, nearly 4,000 arrests, and the destruction of property valued at $40 million<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/crdl.usg.edu\/events\/watts_riots\/?Welcome\" >Watts Riots \u2013 Civil Rights Digital Library<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/watts-riot-begins\" >Watts Riots begins \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.findingdulcinea.com\/news\/on-this-day\/July-August-08\/On-this-Day---Watts-Riots--Erupt-in-Los-Angeles.html\" >On This Day: Watts Riots Erupt in Los Angeles \u2013 FindingDulcinea.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/hueypnewton\/times\/times_watts.html\" >Watts Riots \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.detroits-great-rebellion.com\/Watts---1965.html\" >Watts \u2013 The Standard Bearer<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/aaw\/watts-rebellion-august-1965\" >Watts Rebellion (August 1965) \u2013 BlackPast.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States#1965\" >Mass racial violence in the United States \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1962\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vostok_3\" >Vostok 3<\/a> launches from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baikonur_Cosmodrome\" >Baikonur Cosmodrome<\/a> and cosmonaut <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrian_Nikolayev\" >Andrian Nikolayev<\/a> becomes the first person to float in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Micro-g_environment\" >microgravity<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong>The former Portuguese territories in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India\" >India<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dadra_DNH\" >Dadra<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nagar_Haveli_DNH\" >Nagar Haveli<\/a> are merged to create the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Union_Territory\" >Union Territory<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli\" >Dadra and Nagar Haveli<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chad\" >Chad<\/a> declares independence.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>History of Chad:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Chad\" >History of Chad \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/chad.html\" >Chad \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad40\" >History of Chad \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/chad\/history.html\" >History of Chard \u2013 MapsOfWorld.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.everyculture.com\/Bo-Co\/Chad.html\" >Culture of Chad \u2013 EveryCulture.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mongabay.com\/reference\/country_studies\/chad\/HISTORY.html\" >Chard \u2013 History \u2013 Mongabay.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globaledge.msu.edu\/countries\/chad\/history\/\" >Chad: History \u2013 MSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1959\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sheremetyevo_International_Airport\" >Sheremetyevo International Airport<\/a>, the second-largest airport in Russia, opens.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hussein_of_Jordan\" >Hussein bin Talal<\/a> is proclaimed King of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jordan\" >Jordan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1947\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah\" >Muhammad Ali Jinnah<\/a>, founding father of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah%27s_11th_August_Speech\" >gives a speech<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constituent_Assembly_of_Pakistan\" >Constituent Assembly<\/a>, the contents and meaning of which remain contentious today.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1945\u00a0 <\/strong>Poles in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Krak%C3%B3w\" >Krak\u00f3w<\/a> engage in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Krak%C3%B3w_pogrom\" >a pogrom<\/a> against Jews in the city, killing one and wounding five.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>Actress <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hedy_Lamarr\" >Hedy Lamarr<\/a> and composer <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Antheil\" >George Antheil<\/a> receive a patent for a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frequency-hopping_spread_spectrum\" >Frequency-hopping spread spectrum<\/a> communication system that later became the basis for modern technologies in wireless telephones and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wi-Fi\" >Wi-Fi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1934\u00a0 <\/strong>The first civilian prisoners arrive at the Federal prison on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alcatraz_Island\" >Alcatraz Island<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvian%E2%80%93Soviet_Peace_Treaty\" >Latvian\u2013Soviet Peace Treaty<\/a>, which relinquished <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia\" >Russia<\/a>\u2018s authority and pretenses to <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvia\" >Latvia<\/a>, is signed, ending the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latvian_War_of_Independence\" >Latvian War of Independence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1919\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weimar_Constitution\" >constitution<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weimar_Republic\" >Weimar Republic<\/a> is adopted.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Amiens_%281918%29\" >Battle of Amiens<\/a> ends.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War\" >Spanish\u2013American War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >American<\/a> troops enter the city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mayag%C3%BCez,_Puerto_Rico\" >Mayag\u00fcez, Puerto Rico<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Spanish-American War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/spanish-american-war\" >SPANISH AMARICAN WAR \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1866-1898\/spanish-american-war\" >The Spanish-American War, 1898 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h3617.html\" >Spanish-American War \u2013 U-S-History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/battleswars1800s\/tp\/The-Spanish-American-War.htm\" >The Spanish-American War, by Kennedy Hickman \u2013 About education \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/amhistory.si.edu\/militaryhistory\/printable\/section.asp?id=7\" >THE PRICE OF FREEDOM: Americans at War \u2013 SPANISH AMERICAN WAR \u2013 SI.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Spanish-American-War\" >Spanish-American War \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Timeline of the Spanish-American War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Spanish%E2%80%93American_War#April\" >April 1898 \u2013 Timeline of the Spanish-American War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sparknotes.com\/history\/american\/spanishamerican\/timeline.html\" >THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (1898-1901) \u2013 SPARKNOTES.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.softschools.com\/timelines\/spanishamerican_war_timeline\/116\/\" >Spanish-American War \u2013 Timeline \u2013 SoftSchool.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/loc.gov\/rr\/hispanic\/1898\/chronology.html\" >The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War \u2013 Chronology \u2013 LOC.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spanamwar.com\/timeline.htm\" >Spanish American War Chronology \u2013 spanamwar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history-of-american-wars.com\/spanish-american-war.html\" >Spanish American War 1898 \u2013 History-of-American-Wars.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1858\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eiger\" >Eiger<\/a> in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bernese_Alps\" >Bernese Alps<\/a> is ascended for the first time by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Barrington_%28mountaineer%29\" >Charles Barrington<\/a> accompanied by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_Almer\" >Christian Almer<\/a> and Peter Bohren.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1813\u00a0 <\/strong>In <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombia\" >Colombia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_del_Corral\" >Juan del Corral<\/a> declares the independence of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antioquia\" >Antioquia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1812\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peninsular_War\" >Peninsular War<\/a>: French troops engage <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >British<\/a>\u2013<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portugal\" >Portuguese<\/a> forces in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Majadahonda\" >Battle of Majadahonda<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Battle of Majadahonda:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.commandsandcolors.net\/napoleonics\/maps\/peninsular-war-1808-1814\/94-ea01-majadahonda-11-august-1812.html\" >Majadahonda \u2013 11 August 1812 \u2013 commandsandcolors.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Peninsular War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/wars_peninsular.html\" >Peninsular War, 1807-14 \u2013 HistoryOfWar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peninsular_War#Origins\" >Origins \u2013 Peninsular War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.peninsularwar200.org\/history.html\" >Peninsular War \u2013 History \u2013 1808-1814 \u2013 PeninsularWar200.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Peninsular-War\" >Peninsular War \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/historywarsweapons.com\/peninsular-war\/\" >Peninsular War \u2013 HistoryWarsWeapons.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/peninsular-war-results-war.html\" >Peninsular War \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1804\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor\" >Francis II<\/a> assumes the title of first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emperor_of_Austria\" >Emperor of Austria<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1786\u00a0 <\/strong>Captain <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Light\" >Francis Light<\/a> establishes the British colony of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penang\" >Penang<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia\" >Malaysia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2005\u00a0 <\/strong>Sri Lanka\u2019s foreign minister, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lakshman_Kadirgamar\" >Lakshman Kadirgamar<\/a>, is fatally shot by an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam\" >LTTE<\/a> sniper at his home.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>Mr. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lee_Hsien_Loong\" >Lee Hsien Loong<\/a> is sworn in as Singapore\u2019s third <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore\" >Prime Minister<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1992\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globerove.com\/canada\/canadian-benefits-of-nafta\/2775\" >Canada<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/roomfordebate\/2013\/11\/24\/what-weve-learned-from-nafta\/under-nafta-mexico-suffered-and-the-united-states-felt-its-pain\" >Mexico<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncpa.org\/pub\/ba619\" >United States<\/a> announce completion of negotiations for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement\" >North American Free Trade Agreement<\/a> (NAFTA).<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>NAFTA:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/od\/tradepolicy\/p\/NAFTA_History.htm\" >History of NAFTA \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/nation\/article\/0,8599,1868997,00.html\" >A Brief History of NAFTA \u2013 Time.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/useconomy.about.com\/od\/tradepolicy\/tp\/NAFTA_Facts.htm\" >Facts About NAFTA \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/trade\/naftas-economic-impact\/p15790\" >NAFTA\u2019s Economic Impact \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.naftanow.org\/\" >NAFTA \u2013 NAFTANow.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.citizen.org\/Page.aspx?pid=531\" >NAFTA at 20 \u2013 Citizen.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/n\/nafta.asp\" >North American Free Trade Agreement \u2013 NAFTA \u2013 Investopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1990\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sue_%28dinosaur%29\" >Sue<\/a>, the largest and most complete <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tyrannosaurus_Rex\" ><em>Tyrannosaurus Rex<\/em><\/a> skeleton found to date, is discovered by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sue_Hendrickson\" >Sue Hendrickson<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Dakota\" >South Dakota<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1985\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan_Airlines_Flight_123\" >Japan Airlines Flight 123<\/a> crashes into <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mount_Osutaka\" >Osutaka<\/a> ridge in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gunma_Prefecture\" >Gunma Prefecture<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" >Japan<\/a>, killing 520, to become the worst single-plane air disaster.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Crash of JAL Flight 123:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.airliners.net\/aviation-forums\/general_aviation\/read.main\/2269118\/\" >The Truth of JA123, Ever Going to Be Revealed? \u2013 Airliners.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.airdisaster.com\/cvr\/jal123tr.shtml\" >Cockpit Voice Recorder Transcription: Japan Airlines 123 \u2013 AirDisaster.com<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.liveleak.com\/view?i=f73_1412431392\" >Japan Airlines Flight 123 crash (1985) Cockpit Voice Recorder \u2013 LiveLeak.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1982\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mexico\" >Mexico<\/a> announces that it is unable to pay its enormous external debt, marking the beginning of a debt crisis that spreads to all of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_America\" >Latin America<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_World\" >Third World<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1981\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IBM_Personal_Computer\" >IBM Personal Computer<\/a> is released.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>IBM Personal Computer Released:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-03.ibm.com\/ibm\/history\/exhibits\/pc25\/pc25_intro.html\" >The IBM Personal Computer\u2019s Debut \u2013 ibm.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>IBM Personal Computer:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.computerhistory.org\/revolution\/personal-computers\/17\/301\" >IBM PC &#8211; IBM Personal Computer CPU \u2013 computerhistory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vintage-computer.com\/ibm_pc.shtml\" >IBM Personal Computer \u2013 vintage-computer.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/inventors.about.com\/od\/computersandinternet\/a\/Ibm-Pc.htm\" >History of the IBM PC \u2013 about.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-03.ibm.com\/ibm\/history\/documents\/index.html\" >Documents \u2013 IBM Archives \u2013 ibm.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Computers:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/inventors.about.com\/library\/blcoindex.htm\" >History of Computers \u2013 about.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.livescience.com\/20718-computer-history.html\" >History of Computers \u2013 A Brief Timeline \u2013 livescience.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.computerhistory.org\/timeline\/\" >Timeline of Computer History \u2013 computerhistory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/homepage.cs.uri.edu\/faculty\/wolfe\/book\/Readings\/Reading03.htm\" >History of Computers \u2013 uri.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/msu.edu\/course\/lbs\/126\/lectures\/history.html\" >History of Computers: 3000 BC to Present \u2013 msu.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.computerhope.com\/history\/\" >Computer History \u2013 computerhope.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.computersciencelab.com\/ComputerHistory\/History.htm\" >An Illustrated Computers Part 1 \u2013 John Kopplin \u2013 computersciencelab.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/people.bu.edu\/baws\/brief%20computer%20history.html\" >A BRIEF COMPUTER HISTORY \u2013 bu.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ptc.dcs.edu\/Moody\/comphistory\/comphistory_print.html\" >The History of Computers \u2013 dcs.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.explainthatstuff.com\/historyofcomputers.html\" >A brief history of computers \u2013 explainthatstuff.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/nerds\/timeline\/\" >A HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER \u2013 pbs.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1980\u00a0<\/strong> The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_American_Integration_Association\" >Montevideo Treaty<\/a>, establishing the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_American_Integration_Association\" >Latin American Integration Association<\/a>, is signed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Montevideo Treaty:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jus.uio.no\/english\/services\/library\/treaties\/09\/9-01\/latin_american_free_trade.xml\" >Latin American Integration Association Free Trade Agreement (1980 Montevideo Treaty) \u2013 jus.uio.no<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www2.uol.com.br\/actasoft\/actamercosul\/espanhol\/tratado_de_montevideu.htm\" >MONTEVIDEO TREATY 1980 \u2013 uol.com.br<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sice.oas.org\/trade\/Montev_tr\/indexe.asp\" >1980 Treaty of Montevideo &#8211; Instrument Establishing the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) \u2013 sice.oas.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/GPTAD\/PDF\/archive\/LAIA-ALADI.pdf\" >1980 Treaty of Montevideo \u2013 worldbank.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Latin American Integration Association:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/latin-american-integration-association.html\" >Latin American Integration Association \u2013 infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_American_Integration_Association\" >Latin American Integration Association \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/encyclopedia\/Kor-Man\/Latin-American-Integration-Association-LAIA.html\" >LATIN AMERICAN INTEGRTION ASSOCIATION (LAIA) \u2013 reinforceforbusiness.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfordreference.com\/view\/10.1093\/oi\/authority.20110803100053241\" >Latin American Integration Association \u2013 oxfordreference.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Peace_and_Friendship_between_Japan_and_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China\" >Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People\u2019s Republic of China<\/a> is signed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the PRC of 1978:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/taiwandocuments.org\/beijing.htm\" >Text of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People\u2019s Republic of China, signed at Beijing, 12 August 1978, entered into force 23 October 1978<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9_of_the_Government_of_Japan_and_the_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China\" >Joint Communiqu\u00e9 of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People\u2019s Republic of China<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China%E2%80%93Japan_relations\" >Sino-Japan relations \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>\u201cChina\u2013Japan Relationship\u201d <\/strong><\/em><strong>and<\/strong><em><strong> the United States:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/world\/2006-05\/29\/content_602335.htm\" >\u201c<em>When Kissinger learned that Tanaka <\/em>[Prime Minister of Japan, from 7 July, 1972 \u2013 9 December 1974, who established the diplomatic relations between China and Japan, before the United States established the diplomatic relations with China in 1979]<em> was to travel to China to establish diplomatic ties, he lividly reacted, \u2018Of all the treacherous sons of bitches, the Japs take the cake\u2019\u2026.Tanaka established diplomatic relations with China on September 29, 1972, a year after the United Nations expelled Taiwan\u2026Kissinger\u2019s outburst against the Japanese is an example, confirmed by other documents, of his often difficult, sometimes antagonistic, relationship with Japan<\/em> \u201d \u2013 Kissinger called Japanese \u2018sons of bitches\u2019 \u2013 ChinaDaily.com.cn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newsmax.com\/Newsfront\/kissinger-japan-china-war\/2014\/02\/02\/id\/550377\/\" >Henry Kissinger: War Increasingly Likely between China and Japan \u2013 News Max \u2013 Independent. American. \u2013 2 February 2014<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov\/library\/document\/0314\/1552858.pdf\" >MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION \u2013 Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka, Secretary of State Kissinger, et al. \u2013 November 19, 1974<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/japan\/okazakiohinterview.htm\" >\u201c<em>The Chinese played ping-pong in Tokyo and continued to play it in the U.S. I made the mistake of not realizing the importance of the \u2018Ping-Pong Diplomacy<\/em>.\u2019\u201d \u2013 Hisahiko Okazaki Oral History Interview<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nsarchive.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB193\/index.htm\" >National Security Archive Publishes Digitized Set of 2,100 Henry Kissinger \u201cMemcons\u201d Recounting the Secret Diplomacy of the Nixon-Ford Era \u2013 The National Security Archive \u2013 GWU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/amex\/china\/peopleevents\/pande08.html\" >\u201c<em>The Chinese regarded the presence of American troops on Taiwan as a violation of China\u2019s sovereignty and pressed for full U.S. military withdrawal from the island. \u2026the U.S. didn\u2019t establish full diplomatic relations with the PRC until 1979<\/em>.\u201d<strong> \u2013 Nixon\u2019s China Game \u2013 org<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/taiwan\/taiwan-relations-act\/p8454\" >Taiwan Relations Act \u2013 Council on Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/diplomacy-and-statecraft\/why-did-united-states-reestablish-diplomatic-relations-communist-states-like-china-vietnam\/p30749\" >\u201c<em>The restoration of U.S. ties with mainland China began with the famous Nixon visit to China in 1972 and concluded with formal renormalization in 1979. The renormalization happened primarily for strategic reasons<\/em>\u2026.\u201d \u2013 Why did the United States reestablish diplomatic relations with communist states like China and Vietnam? \u2013 Council on Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/china\/history-declassified-nixon-china\/p7980\" >Transcript \u2013 History Declassified: Nixon in China \u2013 Council on Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>China\u2019s Foreign Policy:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/china\/\" >China \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_China\" >Foreign relations of China \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/afe.easia.columbia.edu\/special\/china_1950_forpol_principles.htm\" >Principles of China\u2019s Foreign Policy \u2013 Columbia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ajw.asahi.com\/article\/views\/opinion\/AJ201405140005\" >\u201cRestoring China\u2019s national pride is a primary concern for President Xi Jinping as he seeks to establish a \u201cnew type of great power relationship\u201d with the United States, according to a scholar who influences Beijing\u2019s policy with Washington.\u201d \u2013 INTERVIW\/Yan Xuetong: \u2019Conflict control\u2019 is key to US-China relations in a bipolar world \u2013 Asahi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2013\/04\/23\/how-to-understand-chinas-foreign-policy\/\" >How to Understand China\u2019s Foreign Policy \u2013 ForeignPolicy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/china\/132.htm\" >China\u2019s foreign relations with Japan \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stimson.org\/images\/uploads\/research-pdfs\/burnspdf.pdf\" >China and Japan: Economic Partnership to Political Ends, by Katherine G. Burns \u2013 Stimson.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinausfocus.com\/foreign-policy\/\" >China \u2013 US Focus Digest \u2013 News archives<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/news-ians\/china-urges-japan-to-abide-by-peace-treaty-113081200964_1.html\" >China urges Japan to abide by peace treaty, August 12, 2013 \u2013 Business Standard<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ajw.asahi.com\/article\/views\/editorial\/AJ201310240033\" >EDITORIAL: Spirit of Japan-China peace and friendship treaty still relevant today \u2013 October 24, 2013 \u2013 Asahi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Japan\u2019s Foreign Policy:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/japan\/\" >Japan \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/policy\/index.html\" >Foreign Policy \u2013 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Japan\" >Foreign relations of Japan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/japan\/131.htm\" >Foreign Policy Goals of Japan \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_policy_of_Japan\" >Foreign policy of Japan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fusen_Ketsugi\" >Fusen Ketsugi \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/announce\/press\/pm\/murayama\/address9506.html\" >text of Fusen Ketsugi or the Resolution to Renew the Determination for Peace on the Basis of Lessons Learned from History \u2013 House of Representative, National Diet of Japan, June 9, 1995<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.indiana.edu\/%7Ehisdcl\/G369_2002\/japanese_imperialism.htm\" >Japanese imperialism \u2013 Indiana.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/japan\/japans-dynamic-defense-policy-china\/p23663\" >Japan\u2019s Dynamic Defense Policy and China, by Sheila A. Smith \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/china\/2013-03-01\/japans-cautious-hawks\" >Japan\u2019s Cautious Hawks, by Gerald Curtis: Why Tokyo Is Unlikely to Pursue an Aggressive Foreign Policy \u2013 Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/tag\/japan\/\" >Archives on Japan \u2013 Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>China \u2013 Japan Disputes:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/stream.wsj.com\/story\/china-japan-dispute\/SS-2-58300\/\" >China \u2013 Japan Dispute \u2013 The Wall Street Journal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Senkaku_Islands_dispute\" >Senkaku Islands dispute \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2014\/09\/japans-undemocratic-foreign-policy\/\" >\u201c<em>Beijing\u2019s desire for Japan to admit a dispute exist also gives Tokyo leverage which it could use to get concessions from China. Furthermore, acknowledging a dispute would give Chinese leaders a way to dial down tensions without losing face<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Japan\u2019s Undemocratic Foreign Policy \u2013 TheDiplomat.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/news\/international\/countriesandterritories\/china\/territorial-disputes\/index.html\" >China\u2019s territorial disputes \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 News archives<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2010\/09\/23\/AR2010092306861.html\" >Dispute with Japan highlights China\u2019s foreign-policy power struggle, by John Pomfret \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Security-Watch\/terrorism-security\/2015\/0723\/Japan-and-China-square-off-over-disputed-East-China-Sea-territory\" >Japan and China square off over disputed East China territory \u2013 The Christian Science Monitor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/2014\/07\/22\/racism-and-inferiority-complex-in-japans-current-foreign-policy-towards-china\/\" >Racism and Inferiority Complex in Japan\u2019s Current Foreign Policy towards China \u2013 Peter Baofu \u2013 July 22, 2014, Foreign Policy Journal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Security-Watch\/terrorism-security\/2015\/0723\/Japan-and-China-square-off-over-disputed-East-China-Sea-territory\" >Japan tears into China over island disputes \u2013 July 21, 2015 \u2013 Reuters<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2015\/07\/22\/us-china-japan-idUSKCN0PW02520150722\" >China calls Japan foreign policy \u2018two faced\u2019 \u2013 Reuters<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Japan\u2019s War Crimes in China: Japan\u2019s Apology and\/or Japan\u2019s Refusal of Apology? :<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_war_crimes\" >Japanese war crimes \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Sino-Japanese_War\" >Second Sino-Japanese War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_war_apology_statements_issued_by_Japan\" >List of war apology statement issued by Japan \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/news\/world\/2005-04-22-japan-china_x.htm\" >China dismisses Japanese apology for war aggression \u2013 USAToday.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.china.org.cn\/world\/Off_the_Wire\/2015-07\/20\/content_36096295.htm\" >News Analysis: Analyst, book slam Japan\u2019s refusal to genuinely apologize World War Crimes \u2013 China.org.cn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/culture\/2015-07\/20\/content_21333750_2.htm\" >Japan\u2019s refusal to genuinely apologize for war crimes draws criticisms \u2013 ChinaDaily.com.cn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2013\/11\/why-are-japans-apologies-forgotten\/\" >Why Japan\u2019s Apologies Forgotten \u2013 Japan has in fact apologized repeatedly for its wartime past. So why haven\u2019t they resonated? \u2013 Robert Dujarric \u2013 TheDiplomat.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinasite.com\/JapanWarCrime.html\" >The Complete Reference to the Web Sites of Japanese War Crimes in World War II \u2013 ChinaSite.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.zzwave.com\/cmfweb\/wiihist\/\" >Remember Nanjing: December 1937 \u2013 February 1938 \u2013 ZZWave.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.news.com.au\/world\/japans-rising-worrisome-rhetoric-denying-its-world-war-ii-crimes-has-china-and-the-west-worried-about-its-new-ultranationalism\/story-fndir2ev-1226822379758\" >Japan\u2019s rising, worrisome rhetoric denying its World War II crimes has China and the West worried about its new ultranationalism \u2013 News.com.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ww2pacific.com\/unit731.html\" >Japanese Unit 731 \u2013 Biological Warfare Unit \u2013 WW2Pacific.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/chinadailymail.com\/2013\/05\/18\/japans-crimes-against-humanity-asian-comfort-women-of-wwii\/\" >Japan\u2019s crimes against humanity: Asian comfort women of WWII \u2013 China Daily Mail<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pacificwar.org.au\/JapWarCrimes\/Denying_truth.html\" >JAPAN\u2019S REFUSAL TO ACKNOWLEDGE ITS WAR GUILT AND ATROCITIES \u2013 PacificWar.org.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pacificwar.org.au\/JapWarCrimes\/Cross-section_JapWarCrimes.html\" >A SMALL CROSS-SECTION OF JAPANESE WAR CRIMES \u2013 PacificWar.org.au<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/chinese-papers-run-confessions-of-japans-war-criminals--seven-decades-later\/2014\/07\/18\/9bc26c17-d807-41e5-bc7d-9d0baf49cc56_story.html\" >Chinese papers run confessions of Japan\u2019s war criminals \u2013 seven decades later \u2013 July 18, 2014 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historynet.com\/japanese-war-crime-trials.htm\" >Japanese War Crimes Trials \u2013 HistoryNet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1977_riots_in_Sri_Lanka\" >1977 riots in Sri Lanka<\/a>, targeting the minority <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lanka\" >Sri Lankan<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamil_people\" >Tamil people<\/a>, begin, less than a month after the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_National_Party\" >United National Party<\/a> came to power. Over 300 Tamils are killed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>August 1977 Anti-Tamil Riots in Sri Lanka:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1977_anti-Tamil_pogrom\" >1977 anti-Tamil pogrom \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/sri-lanka\/29.htm\" >The UNP Returns to Power \u2013 countrystudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pact.lk\/august-1977\/\" >August 1977 \u2013 pact.lk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riots_in_Sri_Lanka#1970s\" >1970s \u2013 Riots in Sri Lanka &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Sri Lankan Civil War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/Sri_Lanka\/fl\/The-Sri-Lankan-Civil-War.htm\" >The Sri Lankan Civil War \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/terrorist-organizations-and-networks\/sri-lankan-conflict\/p11407\" >The Sri Lankan Conflict \u2013 Backgrounder \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/wars.findthedata.com\/l\/194\/Sri-Lankan-Civil-War\" >Sri Lankan Civil War \u2013 FindTheData.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Casualties_of_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War\" >Casualties of the Sri Lankan Civil War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/iconicphotos.wordpress.com\/2011\/04\/16\/sri-lankan-civil-war-1983-2009\/\" >Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009) \u2013 2011\/04\/16 \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of the Sri Lankan Civil War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.zum.de\/whkmla\/sp\/0809\/kyungmook\/kyungmook1.html\" >History of the Civil War in Sri Lanka since 1983, by Kim, Kyung Mook \u2013 Korean Minjok Leadership Academy International Program \u2013 Term Paper, AP World History Class, November 2006 \u2013 Zum.de<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/srilankahistory.weebly.com\/sri-lankan-civil-war.html\" >Sri Lankan Civil War \u2013 SRI LANKA HISTORY \u2013 Weebly.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/5339374\/Sri-Lankas-civil-war-The-history-of-the-Tamil-conflict.html\" >Sri Lanka\u2019s civil war \u2013 The history of the Tamil conflict \u2013 The Telegraph \u2013 Telegraph.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Origins_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war\" >Origins of the Sri Lankan civil war \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/myapologetics.wordpress.com\/2015\/11\/20\/sri-lankan-civil-war-history-the-closing-days-for-the-ltte-rebels\/\" >Sri Lankan Civil War History: The Closing Days for the LTTE Rebels \u2013 November 20, 2015 \u2013 My Apologetics \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/video\/x4dxl1_short-history-of-sri-lankan-civil-w_news\" >YouTube video (7 min. 52 sec.): Short History of Sri Lankan Civil War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PlN_copvSmg\" >YouTube video (4 min. 14 sec.): History of the war in Sri Lanka \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vDMAh9flF9E\" >YouTube video (26 min. 12 sec.): Truth of the LTTE \u2013 Full documentary<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wsws.org\/en\/articles\/2000\/06\/edit-j12.html\" >The historical roots of Sri Lanka\u2019s civil war \u2013 12 June 2000 \u2013 WSWS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/globalecco.org\/the-sri-lankan-civil-war-a-personal-reminiscence-col-sylvester-perera-sri-lankan-army\" >The Sri Lankan Civil War: A Personal Reminiscence, by COL Sylvester Perera;, Sri Lankan Army \u2013 GlobalEcco.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/sri-lanka\/history\" >Birth of the Tigers, Attempts at peace \u2013 History of Sri Lanka \u2013 LonenlyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Liberation of Tigers of Tamil Eelam (a.k.a. Tamil Tigers):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Tamil-Tigers\" >Tamil Tigers \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/terrorism.about.com\/od\/groupsleader1\/p\/TamilTigers.htm\" >Tamil Tigers (Liberation of Tigers of Tamil Eelam) \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam\" >Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.channel4.com\/news\/tamil-tigers\" >Tamil Tigers \u2013 Channel 4 \u2013 Channel4.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/organizations\/l\/liberation_tigers_of_tamil_eelam\/index.html\" >Tamil Tigers \u2013 CHRONOLOGY OF COVERAGE \u2013 The New York Times \u2013 NYTimes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/news\/tamil-tigers\/\" >Tamil Tigers \u2013 Relevant Articles \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/topic\/Liberation-Tigers-of-Tamil-Eelam\" >Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam \u2013 The Times of India \u2013 TimesOfIndia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1869501,00.html\" >The Tamil Tigers, by Kate Pickert \u2013 Sunday, Jan. 04, 2009 \u2013 TIME<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Sri Lanka:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Sri_Lanka\" >History of Sri Lanka \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/sri-lanka\/history\" >History of Sri Lanka \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lankalibrary.com\/geo.html\" >Sri Lanka History \u2013 LankaLibrary.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lanka.com\/about\/history\/\" >History of Sri Lanka \u2013 Lanka.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/Sri_Lanka\/p\/Sri-Lanka-Facts-and-History.htm\" >Sri Lanka | Facts &amp; History \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.localhistories.org\/srilanka.html\" >A BRIEF HISTORY OF SRI LANKA \u2013 LocalHistories.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/sri-lanka-history.html\" >Sri Lanka \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/world\/the-history-of-sri-lanka-1.776957\" >The history of Sri Lanka \u2013 CBC News \u2013 CBC.ca<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mahavamsa.org\/history-of-sri-lanka\/\" >History of Sri Lanka \u2013 Mahavamsa.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-south-asia-12004081\" >Sri Lanka profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Sri Lanka:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ce.html\" >Sri Lanka \u2013 THE WORLD FACTBOOK \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Sri%20Lanka\" >Sri Lanka \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/sri-lanka.html\" >Sri Lanka \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-south-asia-11999611\" >Sri Lanka country profile \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Foreign Relations of Sri Lanka:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Sri_Lanka\" >Foreign relations of Sri Lanka \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/sri-lanka\/74.htm\" >Sri Lanka \u2013 FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mea.gov.lk\/\" >Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/5249.htm\" >US Relations With Sri Lanka \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/sri-lanka\/ri254\" >Sri Lanka \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations \u2013 CFR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/regions\/sri-lanka\" >Sri Lanka \u2013 ForeignAffairs.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Economy of Sri Lanka:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Sri_Lanka\" >Economy of Sri Lanka \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/srilanka\" >Sri Lanka \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/sri-lanka\" >Sri Lanka \u2013 Data \u2013 WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/srilanka\" >Sri Lanka \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/sri-lanka-economy.html\" >Sri Lanka \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.adb.org\/countries\/sri-lanka\/economy\" >Sri Lanka \u2013 Economy \u2013 Asia Development Bank \u2013 ADB.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>The first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Approach_and_Landing_Tests\" >free flight<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise\" >Space Shuttle Enterprise<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Space Shuttle Enterprise and Its First Free Flight:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise\" >Space Shuttle <em>Enterprise<\/em> \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.space.com\/17983-space-shuttle-enterprise.html\" >Enterprise \u2013 The Test Shuttle \u2013 space.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/science.ksc.nasa.gov\/shuttle\/resources\/orbiters\/enterprise.html\" >Enterprise (OV-101) \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.space.com\/23629-shuttle-enterprise-free-flight.html\" >Space History Photo: Shuttle Enterprise Free Flight \u2013 space.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xKYgJOAOI4o\" >First Free Flight of Space Shuttle Enterprise: August 12, 1977 \u2013 YouTube video (0:58 sec.)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Space Shuttle Program:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_program\" >Space Shuttle program \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/science.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/space\/space-exploration\/space-shuttle-program\/\" >Space Shuttle Program \u2013 natinalgeographic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/shuttle\/main\/index.html\" >Space Shuttle \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/externalflash\/the_shuttle\/\" >The Shuttle \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/10\/21\/us\/space-shuttle-program-fast-facts\/index.html\" >Space Shuttle Program Fast Facts \u2013 CNN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.space.com\/12804-nasa-space-shuttle-program-officially-ends.html\" >NASA\u2019s Space Shuttle Program Officially Ends After Final Celebration, by Robert Z. Pearlman \u2013 space.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of the Space Shuttle Program:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.space.com\/12085-nasa-space-shuttle-history-born.html\" >How the Space Shuttle Was Born, by Mike Wall \u2013 June 28, 2011 \u2013 Space.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spaceline.org\/rocketsum\/shuttle-program.html\" >History of the Space Shuttle Program \u2013 written and edited by Cliff Lethbridge \u2013 spaceline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/photo\/2011\/07\/the-history-of-the-space-shuttle\/100097\/\" >The History of the Space Shuttle, by Alan Taylor \u2013 Jul 1, 2011 \u2013 TheAtlantic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h1732.html\" >Space Shuttle Program \u2013 United States History \u2013 U-S-History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.nasa.gov\/shuttlehistory.html\" >History of the Space Shuttle \u2013 NASA.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.century-of-flight.net\/Aviation%20history\/space\/Space%20Shuttle%20history.htm\" >Space Shuttle history \u2013 THE EXPLORATION OF SPACE \u2013 Century-of-Flight.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spaceline.org\/rocketsum\/shuttle-program.html\" >History of the Space Shuttle Program, by Cliff Lethbridge \u2013 SpaceLine.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2011\/03\/22\/the-space-shuttle-program-stunning-success-or-dismal-failure\/\" >The space shuttle program: stunning success or dismal failure? , by Stephen M Walt \u2013 March 22, 2011 \u2013 ForeignPolicy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brighthub.com\/science\/space\/articles\/68771.aspx\" >History of the Space Shuttle Program, by Jason C Chavis \u2013 5\/18\/2011 \u2013 BrightHub.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/video.nationalgeographic.com\/video\/news\/space-shuttle-sci\" >Space Shuttle History \u2013 Video \u2013 NationalGeographic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/story\/2003\/02\/01\/timeline-us-space-program-history.html\" >Timeline: US Space Program History \u2013 February 1, 2003 \u2013 FoxNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/spot\/spaceshuttletimeline.html\" >Space Shuttle Timeline \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Criticism_of_the_Space_Shuttle_program\" >Criticism of the Space Shuttle program \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Space Shuttle Program and Its Military Purposes:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/space.about.com\/od\/spacemissions\/a\/Does-The-U-S-Military-Have-A-Secret-Space-Shuttle.htm\" >Does the US Military Have a Secret Space Shuttle? , by John P Millis \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.whale.to\/b\/nasa1.html\" >Secret American Military Program? , by Linda Houlton Howe \u2013 December 7, 2007<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/space_shuttle.aspx\" >\u201c<em>Although NASA is a civilian space agency, the United States military has used the space shuttle fleet to carry classified military payloads into space. The Department of Defense (DoD) had generally received priority in scheduling national security related flights. In addition to fully classified missions, the Department of Defense (DoD) has contracted shuttle research time and lifted unclassified early warning satellites into orbit. Satellites deployed from the shuttle, or serviced by shuttle crews, are used for electronic intelligence, photographic and radar reconnaissance, and defense communications<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Space Shuttle \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/space\/IB92011.pdf\" >US Space Programs: Civilian, Military and Commercial \u2013 CRS Issue Brief for Congress \u2013 FAS.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/rense.com\/general34\/thespaceshuttlessecret.htm\" >The Space Shuttle\u2019s Secret Military Mission, by Yoichi Clark Shimatsu \u2013 Rense.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com\/the-space-shuttle-s-military-launch-complex-in-californ-1710303170\" >The Space Shuttle\u2019s Military Launch Complex In California That Never Was, by Tyler Rogoway \u2013 6\/10\/15 \u2013 Foxtrot Alpha \u2013 Jalopnik.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/military-space-plane-lands-after-secret-mision\/\" >Space plane lands after record of 674-day secret mission \u2013 October 17, 2014 \u2013 CBSNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.discovery.com\/space\/private-spaceflight\/top-secret-military-mini-shuttle-marks-500-days-in-orbit-140424.htm\" >Secret Military Mini-Shuttle Marks 500 Days In Orbit, by Irene Kltoz \u2013 Apr 24, 2014 \u2013 Discovery.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thelivingmoon.com\/45jack_files\/03files\/Military_Missions_of_the_Space_Shuttle.html\" >SECRET SPACE SHIPS: Military Missions of the Space Shuttle \u2013 TheLivingRoom.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.abovetopsecret.com\/forum\/thread329997\/pg1\" >The Top Secret US Military Space Program. Is The Future Already Here? \u2013 AboveTopSecret.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1976\u00a0 <\/strong>Between 1,000 and 3,500 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_people\" >Palestinians<\/a> are killed in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tel_al-Zaatar_massacre\" >Tel al-Zaatar massacre<\/a>, one of the bloodiest events of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_Civil_War\" >Lebanese Civil War<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong>Violence erupts after the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apprentice_Boys_of_Derry\" >Apprentice Boys of Derry<\/a> march in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Derry\" >Derry, Northern Ireland<\/a>, United Kingdom resulting in a three-day communal riot known as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_the_Bogside\" >Battle of the Bogside<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Africa\" >South Africa<\/a> is banned from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olympic_Games\" >Olympic Games<\/a> due to the country\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid_in_South_Africa\" >racist policies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>South Africa\u2019s Ban from the Olympics and Its Background:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/onthisday\/hi\/dates\/stories\/august\/18\/newsid_3547000\/3547872.stm\" >1964: South Africa Banned from Olympics \u2013 On This Day \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid-era_South_Africa_and_the_Olympics\" >Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid\" >Apartheid \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-cs-students.stanford.edu\/%7Ecale\/cs201\/apartheid.hist.html\" >History of Apartheid in South Africa \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jyu.fi\/viesti\/verkkotuotanto\/kp\/sa\/soc_racism.shtml\" >Racism and Apartheid \u2013 South Africa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racism_in_Africa\" >Racism in Africa \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/motherearthtravel.com\/history\/south-africa\/history-8.htm\" >History of South Africa \u2013 Segregation 1910 \u2013 48 \u2013 Building the Legal Structure of Racial Discrimination \u2013 MotherEarthTravel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/12\/05\/apartheid-history-timeline-nelson-mandela-death-dies-dead_n_3424291.html\" >Apartheid History Timeline: On Nelson Mandela\u2019s Death, A Look Back At South Africa\u2019s Legacy Of Racism (PHOTOS) \u2013 The Huffington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/race\/000_About\/002_04-background-02-01.htm\" >The Historical Origins and Development of Racism, by George M. Fredrickson \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2012\/oct\/03\/south-africa-racism-black\" >Rethinking racism in South Africa \u2013 The Guardian<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.expatcapetown.com\/racism-in-south-africa.html\" >Racism in South Africa? \u2013 Expat Cape Town<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/csvr.org.za\/index.php\/media-articles\/latest-csvr-in-the-media\/2262-racism-still-a-threat-to-south-africas-democracy.html\" >Racism Still a Threat to South Africa Democracy, \u2013 Sinothile Msomi &amp; Westen Shilaho \u2013 CSVR.org.za<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/africa\/racism-outlives-mandela-in-rural-south-africa\/2013\/12\/14\/8567b786-633c-11e3-a373-0f9f2d1c2b61_story.html\" >Racism outlives Mandela in rural South Africa \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.relativityonline.com\/home\/racism-alive-and-well-in-south-africa\/\" >Racism Alive and Well in South Africa \u2013 RelativityOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Sports and Racism:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Race_and_sports\" >Race and sports \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/serendip.brynmawr.edu\/local\/scisoc\/sports02\/papers\/aalexander.html\" >Culture, Race, and Gender in Sports, by Alisa Alexander<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/2015\/02\/my-tribute-to-serena-williams\/\" >My Tribute to Serena Williams, by Richard Falk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.athleticinsight.com\/Vol9Iss3\/RaceDifference.htm\" >White Americans\u2019 Genetic Explanations for a Perceived Race Difference in Athleticism: The Relation to Prejudice toward and Stereotyping of Blacks, Jane P. Sheldon \u2013 Athletic Insight<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-personal.umich.edu\/%7Ebawa\/race.htm\" >Ethnicity and racism in sports \u2013 personal.umich.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bleacherreport.com\/articles\/157150-pumpsie-green-and-red-sox-racism\" >Pumpsie Green and the Boston Red Sox\u2019s Racism \u2013 BleacherReport.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/redsoxareracist.blogspot.com\/\" >The Red Sox: Racist \u2013 RedSoxAreRacist.BlogSpot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.overthemonster.com\/2014\/2\/13\/5407754\/red-sox-yawkey-way-racist-history\" >Yawkey Way and the Red Sox\u2019 Racist History \u2013 OverTheMoster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.opednews.com\/articles\/The-Boston-Red-Sox-Jackie-by-Chris-Lamb-120411-991.html\" >The Boston Red Sox, Jackie Robinson, and a Legacy of Racism \u2013 OpEdNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchomatic.com\/Racism-In-American-Baseball-4135.html\" >Racism in American Baseball \u2013 Rearchomatic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/johnnysbaseball.wordpress.com\/tag\/racism-in-baseball\/\" >Racism in baseball \u2013 Johnny\u2019s baseball blog<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baseball_color_line\" >\u201c<em>The color line in American baseball, until the late 1940s, excluded players of Black African descent from Major League Baseball and its affiliated Minor Leagues<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Baseball color line \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Apartheid:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/africanhistory.about.com\/od\/apartheid\/\" >\u201c<em>The Afrikaans word meaning \u2018separation\u2019, Apartheid was the racial, social policy introduced by the National Party government of South Africa in 1948<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Apartheid \u2013 About education \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www-cs-students.stanford.edu\/%7Ecale\/cs201\/apartheid.hist.html\" >The History of Apartheid in South Africa \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apartheid#Precursors\" >Precursors \u2013 Apartheid \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_general_election,_1948\" >South African general election, 1948 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.co.uk\/study-topics\/history-of-south-africa\/apartheid\" >Apartheid \u2013 History of South Africa \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/racerelations.about.com\/od\/historyofracerelations\/fl\/A-Brief-History-of-South-African-Apartheid.htm\" >A Brief History of South African Apartheid \u2013 About education \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.south-africa-tours-and-travel.com\/apartheid.html\" >Brief history of Apartheid in South Africa \u2013 South-Africa-Tours-and-Travel.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sahistory.org.za\/article\/apartheid-and-reactions-it\" >\u201c<em>In 1948, the National Party (NP), representing Afrikaners, won the national election on a platform of racism and segregation under the slogan of \u2018apartheid\u2019. Apartheid built upon earlier laws, but made segregation more rigid and enforced it more aggressively<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Apartheid and reaction to it \u2013 SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY ONLINE \u2013 SAHistory.org.za<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/12\/05\/apartheid-history-timeline-nelson-mandela-death-dies-dead_n_3424291.html\" >Apartheid History Timeline: On Nelson Mandela\u2019s Death, A Look Back At South Africa\u2019s Legacy Of Racism (PHOTOS), by Kavitha A. Davidson \u2013 December 05, 2013 \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/apartheid\/videos\" >APARTHEID \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/apartheid-history.html\" >Apartheid \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/gah\/apartheid-1948-1994\" >Apartheid (1948-1994) \u2013 BlackPast.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.southafrica.to\/history\/Apartheid\/apartheid.php\" >Apartheid South Africa \u2013 SouthAfrica.to<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/vanweringh8.wikispaces.com\/file\/view\/Handout+South+Africa+Apartheid.pdf\" >Apartheid in South Africa 1948-1994 \u2013 WikiSpaces.com \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.australia.edu\/Resources\/south-african-history-apartheid.html\" >South African History [Apartheid] \u2013 Australia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1989-1992\/apartheid\" >MILESTONES: 1989-1992 \u2013 The End of Apartheid \u2013 OFFICE HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tip.sas.upenn.edu\/curriculum\/units\/2013\/01\/13.01.05.pdf\" >The Struggle for Equity: Apartheid in South Africa, by Eilis Hood \u2013 UPenn.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.library.northwestern.edu\/southafrica\/timeline\/\" >South Africa to the end of Apartheid (1625-1993) \u2013 Northwestern.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.softschools.com\/timelines\/apartheid_timeline\/44\/\" >Apartheid Timeline \u2013 SoftSchools.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nonviolence, Movements against Racism, and More:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nonviolence\" >Nonviolence \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bmartin.cc\/pubs\/08gm2.html\" >How nonviolence is misrepresented, by Brian Martin \u2013 BMartin.cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nonviolent_resistance\" >Nonviolence resistance \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu\/encyclopedia\/encyclopedia\/enc_nonviolent_resistance\/\" >Nonviolence Resistance \u2013 MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. AND THE GLOBAL FREEDOM STRUGGLE \u2013 Stanford.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mshistory.k12.ms.us\/articles\/62\/the-civil-rights-movement-in-mississippi-on-violence-and-nonviolence\" >FEATURE STORY: On Violence and Nonviolence: The Civil Rights Movement in\u00a0Mississippi \u2013 MS.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.paceebene.org\/2015\/02\/13\/campaign-nonviolence-stands-with-the-movement-for-racial-justice\/\" >Campaign Nonviolence Stands with the Movement for Racial Justice \u2013 Peace e Bene \u2013 PeaceEBene.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/paxchristiusa.org\/2016\/04\/30\/obituary-fr-daniel-berrigan-s-j-pax-christi-usa-teacher-of-peace-passes-away-at-age-94\/\" >NONVIOLENCE: The MLK Memorial and our commitment to anti-racism \u2013 August 26, 2011 \u2013 PaxChristiUSA.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nomas.org\/martin-luther-king-non-violence-and-the-anti-sexist-mens-movement\/\" >Martin Luther King, Non-violence, and the Anti-Sexist Men\u2019s Movement, by Robert Brannon \u2013 National Organization for Men Against Sexism \u2013 Pro-feminism, gay-affirmative, anti-racist, enhancing men\u2019s lives \u2013 NOMAS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crmvet.org\/info\/nvpower.htm\" >Nonviolence Resistance &amp; Political Power, by Bruce Hartford \u2013 2008 \u2013 CRMVET.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crmvet.org\/info\/nv2.htm\" >Two Kinds of Nonviolent Resistance, by Bruce Hartford \u2013 2004 \u2013 CRMVET.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.voanews.com\/content\/nonviolencekey-to-civil-rights-movement\/1737280.html\" ><em>Nonviolence Was Key to Civil Right Movement \u2013 Voice of America \u2013 VOANews.com<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/veganismisnonviolence.com\/category\/racism\/\" >Veganism is Nonviolence \u2013 VeganismIsNonviolence.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Text of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/ProfessionalInterest\/cerd.pdf\" >International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination \u2013 OHCHR.org \u2013 pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/webtv.un.org\/meetings-events\/watch\/dpi-ngo-briefing-combatting-racism-in-the-21st-century\/4644549413001?page=3\" >DPI \/ NGO Briefing: Combatting Racism in the 21st Century \u2013 UN.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.awid.org\/resources\/un-mechanisms-and-caste-discrimination-based-work-and-descent\" >UN mechanism and caste: Discrimination-based work and descent \u2013 9 December 2015 \u2013 Awid.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Racism\" >Racism \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong><em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_Echo\" >Echo 1A<\/a><\/em>, NASA\u2019s first successful <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communications_satellite\" >communications satellite<\/a>, is launched.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1958\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Art_Kane\" >Art Kane<\/a> photographs 57 notable jazz musicians in the black and white group portrait \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Great_Day_in_Harlem_%28photograph%29\" >A Great Day in Harlem<\/a>\u201d in front of a Brownstone in New York City.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong>The islands of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zakynthos\" >Zakynthos<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cephalonia\" >Kefalonia<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greece\" >Greece<\/a> are severely damaged by an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1953_Ionian_Earthquake\" >earthquake<\/a> measuring 7.3 on the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richter_magnitude_scale\" >Richter scale<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1953\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapons_testing\" >Nuclear weapons testing<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project\" >Soviet atomic bomb project<\/a> continues with the detonation of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joe_4\" ><em>Joe 4<\/em><\/a>, the first Soviet <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermonuclear_weapon\" >thermonuclear weapon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Thermonuclear Bomb Testing and Joe4:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/thermonuclear-bomb\" >Thermonuclear bomb \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ccnr.org\/Howard_Morland.html\" >How to Make an H-Bomb (or Thermonuclear bomb) \u2013 CCNR.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/hydrogen-bomb.html\" >hydrogen bomb \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/nuclear-bomb.htm\" >How Nuclear Bombs Work \u2013 HowStuffWorks.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atomicarchive.com\/History\/hbomb\/page_14.shtml\" >The Soviets\u2019 \u201cJoe-4\u201d Bomb Makes its Mark \u2013 AtomicArchive.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=r3l0G3XOUv4\" >YouTube video (54 sec.): Soviet Nuclear Testing \u2013 Joe 4<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ctbto.org\/nuclear-testing\/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing\/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme\/\" >THE SOVIET UNIONS\u2019 NUCLEAR TESTING PROGRAMME \u2013 CTBTO<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union\" >List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovtestsum.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Test Summary \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/Russia\/Sovwpnprog.html\" >Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program \u2013 NuclearWeaponArchive.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnstonsarchive.net\/nuclear\/tests\/USSR-ntestsS.html\" >Database of nuclear tests, USSR\/Russia: overview \u2013 JohnstonArchive.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/content\/soviet_nuclear_testing_semipalatinsk_20th_anniversary\/24311518.html\" >Slow Death of Kazakhstan\u2019s Land Of Nuclear Tests \u2013 Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty \u2013 RFRL.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/large.stanford.edu\/courses\/2014\/ph241\/powell2\/docs\/vakulchuk.pdf\" >Semipalitinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences \u2013 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/lasting-toll-semipalatinsks-nuclear-testing\" >The lasting toll of Semipalitinsk\u2019s nuclear testing \u2013 TheBulletin.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/12566948_External_doses_of_residents_near_Semipalatinsk_nuclear_test_site\" >External Doses of Residents near Semipalitinsk Nuclear Test Site \u2013 ResearchGate.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irpa.net\/irpa10\/cdrom\/00504.pdf\" >Radiation Exposure on Residents due to Semipalitinsk Nuclear Tests \u2013 IRPA.net<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1952\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Night_of_the_Murdered_Poets\" >Night of the Murdered Poets<\/a>: Thirteen prominent Jewish intellectuals are murdered in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moscow\" >Moscow, Russia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union\" >Soviet Union<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1950\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War\" >Korean War<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloody_Gulch_massacre\" >Bloody Gulch massacre<\/a>\u2014American POWs are massacred by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_People%27s_Army\" >North Korean Army<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Bloody Gulch Massacre of August 1950:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/uk.news.yahoo.com\/on-this-day--north-koreans-kill-75-american-pows-in-bloody-gulch-massacre-163125481.html#s8rewCQ\" >On This Day: North Koreans kill 75 American POWs in Bloody Gulch massacre \u2013 On This Day<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/military.wikia.com\/wiki\/Bloody_Gulch_massacre\" >Bloody Gulch massacre \u2013 wikia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Korean War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/korean-war\" >KOREAN WAR \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.trumanlibrary.org\/whistlestop\/study_collections\/koreanwar\/index.php\" >Korean War and Its Origins \u2013 Documents \u2013 TrumanLibrary.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/research\/alic\/reference\/military\/korean-war.html\" >Military Resources: Korean War \u2013 NARA Resources<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1945-1952\/korean-war-2\" >Korean War, 1951-1953 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/battleswars1900s\/tp\/The-Korean-War.htm\" >The Korean War: An Overview, by Kennedy Hickman \u2013 About education \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Korean-War\" >Korean War \u2013 1950-1953 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/history\/korean-war.html\" >Korean War \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Korean_War.aspx\" >Korean War \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/amex\/bomb\/peopleevents\/pandeAMEX58.html\" >People &amp; Events \u2013 The Korean War \u2013 AMERICAN EXPERIENCE \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushistory.org\/us\/52e.asp\" >The Korean War \u2013 US History.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history-world.org\/korean_war.htm\" >KOREAN WAR, edited by R A Guisepi \u2013 History-World.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/worldwars\/coldwar\/korea_hickey_01.shtml\" >The Korean War: An Overview \u2013 History \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/korean-war\/videos\" >KOREAN WAR VIDEOS \u2013 KOREAN WAR \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historycentral.com\/korea\/index.html\" >\u201c<em>The Korean War is the forgotten war of the 20th century. Maybe it was because it took place so soon after the end of of Wolrd War II, or maybe because it ended in a stalment and to this day that stalemate has not been resolved. For whatever reason it was a war that no great movie(other then the TV show Mash) were done about it, there was never much discussion about it. But for the 5,720,000 US troops who served, of which 36,995 died and another 103,235 were wounded it was every bit a war<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 HistoryCentral.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/topics\/news\/history\/korean-war.htm\" >Korean War News \u2013 ABC.go.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Korean War Timelines:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sparknotes.com\/history\/american\/koreanwar\/timeline.html\" >THE KOREAN WAR (1950-1953) \u2013 Timeline \u2013 SparkNotes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.koreanwar60.com\/timeline-korean-war-events\" >Timeline of the Korean War Events \u2013 KoreanWar60.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.shmoop.com\/korean-war\/timeline.html\" >THE KOREAN WAR TIMELINE \u2013 Shmoop.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.softschools.com\/timelines\/korean_war_timeline\/36\/\" >Korean War \u2013Timeline Description \u2013 SoftSchool.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyguy.com\/korean_war_timeline.htm\" >Korean War \u2013 Timeline \u2013 The History Guy \u2013 HistoryGuy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/totallyhistory.com\/us-history\/korean-war\/\" >Korean War \u2013 Pre-Korean War Timeline and the Korean War Timeline \u2013 TotallyHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.koreanwaronline.com\/arms\/TimeLine.htm\" >KOREAN WAR TIMELINE \u2013 KoreanWarOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1948\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Nevada_%28BB-36%29\" >USS\u00a0<em>Nevada<\/em><\/a> is struck from the naval record.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alen%C3%A7on\" >Alen\u00e7on<\/a> is liberated by General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippe_Leclerc_de_Hauteclocque\" >Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque<\/a>, the first city in France to be liberated from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazism\" >Nazis<\/a> by French forces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nazi_Germany\" >Nazi German<\/a> troops end the week-long <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wola_massacre\" >Wola massacre<\/a>, during which time at least 40,000 people were killed indiscriminately or in mass executions.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Wola Massacre:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/1944\/8\/5\/wola-massacre\" >Wola massacre \u2013 World History Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wola_Massacre_Memorial_on_G%C3%B3rczewska_Street\" >Wola Massacre Memorial on G\u00f3rczewska Street \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.strategic-culture.org\/news\/2015\/06\/08\/wola-massacre-that-how-it-was-i.html\" >Wola Massacre \u2013 That\u2019s How it Was! (I)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/community.worldheritage.org\/articles\/Wola_massacre\" >WOLA MASSACRE \u2013 WorldHeritage.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ovguide.com\/wola-massacre-9202a8c04000641f80000000045c61e2\" >Wola Massacre Video | Event Coverage and Interviews \u2013 OVGuide.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1944\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Waffen-SS\" >Waffen-SS<\/a> troops massacre 560 people in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sant%27Anna_di_Stazzema_massacre\" >Sant\u2019Anna di Stazzema<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong>World War I: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Haelen_%281914%29\" >Battle of Haelen<\/a> a.k.a. (Battle of the Silver Helmets) a clash between large Belgian and German <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cavalry\" >cavalry<\/a> formations at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Halen\" >Halen<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgium\" >Belgium<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1914\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I\" >World War I<\/a>: The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >United Kingdom<\/a> declares war on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" >Austria-Hungary<\/a>; the countries of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Empire\" >British Empire<\/a> follow suit.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_Hawaii\" >Hawaiian flag<\/a> is lowered from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CA%BBIolani_Palace\" >\u02bbIolani Palace<\/a> in an elaborate annexation ceremony and replaced with the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_the_United_States\" >flag of the United States<\/a> to signify the transfer of sovereignty from the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Hawaii\" >Republic of Hawaii<\/a> to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" >United States<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>History of Hawaii:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Hawaii\" >History of Hawaii \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/deephawaii.com\/hawaiianhistory.htm\" >A brief history of Hawaii AD 300 \u2013 1900 \u2013 Hawaiian History \u2013 DeepHawaii.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/us-states\/hawaii\" >HAWAII \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gohawaii.com\/en\/statewide\/travel-tips\/history\/\" >Hawaii History \u2013 The Hawaiian Islands \u2013 GoHawaii.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hawaii-inns.com\/history\/#6\/14\/1900\" >HISTORY OF HAWAII \u2013 Hawaii-Inns.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hawaiianhistory.org\/library-2\/\" >The Library of the Hawaiian Historical Society<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>The Annexation of Hawaii with the United States:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/future.state.gov\/when\/timeline\/1866_timeline\/annex_hawaii.html\" >ANNEXATION OF HAWAII \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Territory_of_Hawaii#Annexation\" >Annexation \u2013 Territory of Hawaii \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ushistory.org\/us\/44b.asp\" >Hawaiian Annexation \u2013 USHistory.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hawaiiforvisitors.com\/about\/annexation.htm\" >United States Annexation of Hawaii \u2013 Hawaii for Visitors<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalhistory.uh.edu\/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&amp;psid=3159\" >The Annexation of Hawaii \u2013 Digital History \u2013 UH.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/education\/lessons\/hawaii-petition\/\" >Teaching With Documents: The 1987 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii \u2013 National Archives<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong>An Armistice ends the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War\" >Spanish\u2013American War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Spanish-American War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/spanish-american-war\" >SPANISH AMARICAN WAR \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1866-1898\/spanish-american-war\" >The Spanish-American War, 1898 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h3617.html\" >Spanish-American War \u2013 U-S-History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/battleswars1800s\/tp\/The-Spanish-American-War.htm\" >The Spanish-American War, by Kennedy Hickman \u2013 About education \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/amhistory.si.edu\/militaryhistory\/printable\/section.asp?id=7\" >THE PRICE OF FREEDOM: Americans at War \u2013 SPANISH AMERICAN WAR \u2013 SI.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Spanish-American-War\" >Spanish-American War \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Timeline of the Spanish-American War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Spanish%E2%80%93American_War#April\" >April 1898 \u2013 Timeline of the Spanish-American War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sparknotes.com\/history\/american\/spanishamerican\/timeline.html\" >THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (1898-1901) \u2013 SPARKNOTES.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.softschools.com\/timelines\/spanishamerican_war_timeline\/116\/\" >Spanish-American War \u2013 Timeline \u2013 SoftSchool.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/loc.gov\/rr\/hispanic\/1898\/chronology.html\" >The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War \u2013 Chronology \u2013 LOC.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spanamwar.com\/timeline.htm\" >Spanish American War Chronology \u2013 spanamwar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history-of-american-wars.com\/spanish-american-war.html\" >Spanish American War 1898 \u2013 History-of-American-Wars.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1883\u00a0 <\/strong>The last <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quagga\" >quagga<\/a> dies at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natura_Artis_Magistra\" >Artis Magistra zoo<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amsterdam\" >Amsterdam<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netherlands\" >Netherlands<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1877\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asaph_Hall\" >Asaph Hall<\/a> discovers the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars\" >Mars<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Natural_satellite\" >moon<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deimos_%28moon%29\" >Deimos<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1851\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Singer\" >Isaac Singer<\/a> is granted a patent for his <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sewing_machine\" >sewing machine<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1831\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >French<\/a> intervention forces <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_I_of_the_Netherlands\" >William I of the Netherlands<\/a> to abandon <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ten_Days%27_Campaign\" >his attempt<\/a> to suppress the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgian_Revolution\" >Belgian Revolution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1806\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Santiago_de_Liniers,_1st_Count_of_Buenos_Aires\" >Santiago de Liniers, 1st Count of Buenos Aires<\/a> re-takes the city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires\" >Buenos Aires<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentina\" >Argentina<\/a> after the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_invasions_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata\" >first British invasion<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1793\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rh%C3%B4ne_%28department%29\" >Rh\u00f4ne<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loire_%28department%29\" >Loire<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Departments_of_France\" ><em>d\u00e9partments<\/em><\/a> are created when the former <em>d\u00e9partement<\/em> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rh%C3%B4ne-et-Loire\" >Rh\u00f4ne-et-Loire<\/a> is split into two.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1765\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Allahabad\" >Treaty of Allahabad<\/a> is signed. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Company_rule_in_India\" >Company rule in India<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1687\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs_%281687%29\" >Battle of Moh\u00e1cs<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_V,_Duke_of_Lorraine\" >Charles of Lorraine<\/a> defeats the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\" >Ottoman Empire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AUGUST 13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/events\/2014\/august_13_2014_400374.html\" ><strong>2014\u00a0 US air strikes, in combination with Kurdish forces<\/strong><\/a>, pushed back an assault by Islamic State militants upon Yazidi minorities trapped on Mt. Sinjar in Iraq; the action allowed thousands to escape.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>US-UK Air Strikes against the Islamic State of August 13, 2014:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2723743\/Cameron-set-arrive-Britain-today-amid-mounting-anger-left-lunch-Iraq-burned.html\" >The moment RAF jet dropped aid packages for trapped Yazidis: US and UK air drops hailed a success which \u2018broke the Islamic State siege\u2019 \u2013 Daily Mail<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/uk.reuters.com\/article\/2014\/08\/18\/uk-iraq-security-yazidis-idUKKBN0GI1QE20140818\" >Yazidis haunted by cries for help as militants bury victims alive \u2013 Reuters<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2010\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MV_Sun_Sea_incident\" >MV <em>Sun Sea<\/em><\/a> docks in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CFB_Esquimalt\" >CFB Esquimalt<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Columbia\" >British Columbia<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada\" >Canada<\/a>, carrying 492 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_people\" >Sri Lankan Tamils<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2008\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2008_South_Ossetia_war\" >South Ossetian War<\/a>: Russian units <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Occupation_of_Gori\" >occupy<\/a> the Georgian city of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gori,_Georgia\" >Gori<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>South Ossetia and the South Ossetia War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/South-Ossetia\" >South Ossetia \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russo-Georgian_War\" >Russo-Georgian War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.boston.com\/bigpicture\/2008\/08\/war_in_south_ossetia.html\" >War in South Ossetia \u2013 The Big Picture \u2013 Boston.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2009\/oct\/01\/russia-georgia-south-ossetia\" >War in South Ossetia: Georgia started it \u2013 Thursday, 1 October 2009 \u2013 TheGuardian.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/russiasperiphery.blogs.wm.edu\/transcaucasia\/south-ossetia\/\" >Russia\u2019s Periphery \u2013 SOUTH OSSETIA, by H. Joseph Ware<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.valuewalk.com\/2015\/07\/russia-redraws-georgia-south-ossetia-border\/\" >Russia Redraws Georgia-South Ossetia Border \u2013 July 16, 2015 \u2013 ValueWalk.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2014\/03\/20\/how-people-in-south-ossetia-abkhazia-and-transnistria-feel-about-annexation-by-russia\" >How people in South Ossetia, Abkhazia and Transnistria feel about annexation by Russia, by Gerald Toal and John O\u2019Loughlin \u2013 March 20, 2014 \u2013 The Washington Post<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-18269210\" >South Ossetia profile \u2013 Overview \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1991%E2%80%9392_South_Ossetia_War#The_war\" >Battles in the 1991-92 South Ossetia War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www1.american.edu\/ted\/ice\/ossetia.htm\" >South Ossetian Separatism in Georgia, by Rebecca Ratliff \u2013 American.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of South Ossetia:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/republic-of-south-ossetia.com\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=55&amp;Itemid=55\" >Republic of South Ossetia \u2013 History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.realmagick.com\/south-ossetia-history\/\" >South Ossetia History \u2013 RealMagick.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Ossetia\" >History of the Jews in South Ossetia \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2004\u00a0 <\/strong>One hundred fifty-six <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo\" >Congolese<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tutsi\" >Tutsi<\/a> refugees are massacred at the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gatumba\" >Gatumba<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Refugee_camp\" >refugee camp<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burundi\" >Burundi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Gatumba Refugee Camp Massacre:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/burundi2007.blogspot.com\/2007\/02\/august-13-2004-massacre-at-gatumba.html\" >August 13, 2014 Massacre at the Gatumba Refugee Camp \u2013 Burundi \u2013 Blogspot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burundi\/burundi-gatumba-massacre\" >Burundi: The Gatumba massacre \u2013 reliefweb.int<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/burundi0904.pdf\" >Burundi &#8211; The Gatumba Massacre \u2013 War Crimes and Political Agenda \u2013 hrw.org &#8211; pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gatumbasurvivors.org\/massacre\/\" >Heinous Massacres Against Congolese Tutsi (Banyamulenge) on August 13, 2004 at Gatumba Refugee Camp in Burundi \u2013 gatunbasurvivors.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/3564358.stm\" >Tutsis massacred in Brundi camp \u2013 bbc.co.uk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>History of Burundi:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Burundi\" >History of Burundi \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/history-of-Burundi\" >History of Burundi \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/burundi-history.html\" >Burundi \u2013 History \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/burundi\/history\" >Burundi \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyworld.net\/wrldhis\/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad25\" >HISTORY OF BRUNDI \u2013 HistoryWorld.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Burundian_history\" >Timeline of Burundian history \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13087604\" >Burundi profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1978\u00a0 <\/strong>One hundred fifty <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palestinian_people\" >Palestinians<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beirut\" >Beirut<\/a> are <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tel_al-Zaatar_massacre\" >killed<\/a> in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_terrorist_incidents\" >terrorist attack<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_Civil_War#Second_phase_of_the_war.2C_1977-82\" >second phase<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_Civil_War\" >Lebanese Civil War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Lebanese Civil War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thefullwiki.org\/Lebanese_Civil_War_%281975-1977%29\" >Lebanese Civil War (1975-1977): Wikis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/liberty05.com\/civilwar\/civil.html\" >Lebanese Civil War (1975-1976) \u2013 Libery05.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/middleeast.about.com\/od\/lebanon\/a\/me081026e.htm\" >Timeline of the Lebanese Civil War: 1975-1990, by Pierre Trsitan \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gulfnews.com\/news\/mena\/lebanon\/lebanese-civil-war-1.1077068\" >Lebanese Civil War \u2013 Timeline \u2013 September 16, 2012 \u2013 GulfNews.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.absoluteastronomy.com\/timeline\/Lebanon\" >Lebanon \u2013 Timeline \u2013 AbsoluteAstronomy.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/war-memorial.net\/Lebanese-Civil-War--3.187\" >Lebanese Civil War: Years 1975-1990 \u2013 The Polynational War Memorial \u2013 War-Memerial.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/topic\/Lebanese_Civil_War.aspx\" >Lebanese Civil War \u2013 Causes of the War \u2013 Fighting from 1975-1985 \u2013 End of the Civil War \u2013 Bibliography \u2013 Encyclopedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/war\/lebanon.htm\" >Lebanon (Civil War 1975-1991) \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/lebanon\/27.htm\" >Lebanon \u2013 Civil War \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/fas\/ife\/Documents\/downloads\/series3_2003.pdf\" >The Lebanese Civil War,1975-1990, by Samir Makdisi and Richard Sadaka \u2013 American University of Beirut \u2013 Institute of Financial Economics \u2013 Lecture and Working Paper Series (2003 No.3)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/kulna.wordpress.com\/2012\/01\/22\/the-lebanese-civil-war-1975-1990\/\" >The Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990), by Daniel Mourad Jensen \u2013 Kulna: For All of Us \u2013 WordPress.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/wikis.nyu.edu\/display\/cpeaa\/Lebanon+after+the+1984-1990+civil+war\" >Lebanon after the 1984-1990 civil war \u2013 Wikis.NYU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/kuscholarworks.ku.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/1808\/7408\/Mohti_ku_0099M_10986_DATA_1.pdf?sequence=1\" >THE LEBANESE CIVIL WAR (1975-1990): CAUSES AND COSTS OF CONFLICT, by C2010 \u2013 Zakaria Mounir Mohti \u2013 University of Kansas \u2013 KU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/5019337\/The_Causes_of_the_Lebanese_Civil_War_1975-1990_From_Cairo_to_Taif_Contents\" >The Causes of the Lebanese Civil War: 1975-1990 From Cairo to Ta\u2019if Contents \u2013 pdf downloadable \u2013 Academia.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ranker.com\/list\/list-of-lebanese-civil-war-battles\/reference\" >List Of Lebanese Civil War Battles \u2013 Ranker.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.apimages.com\/Collection\/Landing\/Lebanese-Civil-War-1975-1990-\/24cffefd4f5c4abcabb7b52bd646a361\" >LEBANESE CIVIL WAR: 1975-1990 \u2013 AP Images<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special_Tribunal_for_Lebanon\" ><strong><em>Special Tribunal for Lebanon:<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stl-tsl.org\/en\/\" >Special Tribunal for Lebanon \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.specialtribunalforlebanon.org\/en\/documents\" ><strong>Documents on the Special Tribunal for Lebanon:<\/strong> \u201c<em>This section contains a wide range of documents relating to the STL. These include founding documents like the Statute, as well as the Rules of Procedure and Evidence and UN Security Council resolutions. To read relevant STL court filings (such as indictments, judgements and judicial rulings) please see the cases<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Special Tribunal for Lebanon \u2013 Official Site<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/digitalcommons.law.scu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1071&amp;context=scujil\" >Special Tribunal for Lebanon: A Tribunal for International Character Devoid of International Law, by Yanice Yun \u2013 Santa Clara Journal of International Law \u2013 1-1-2010 \u2013 Volume 7 | Issue 2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalpolicy.org\/international-justice\/international-criminal-tribunals-and-special-courts\/special-tribunal-for-lebanon.html\" >Special Tribunal for Lebanon \u2013 Global Policy Forum \u2013 GlobalPolicy.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.trial-ch.org\/en\/resources\/tribunals\/hybrid-tribunals\/special-court-for-lebanon.html\" >Special Court for Lebanon \u2013 TRIAL \u2013 Trial-ch.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/america.aljazeera.com\/articles\/2014\/4\/11\/lebanon-s-specialtribunalaturningpointforinternationallaw.html\" >Is Lebanon\u2019s special tribunal a turning point in international law? , by Meris Lutz \u2013 April 11, 2014 \u2013 Aljazeera.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Lebanon:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ciaworldfactbook.us\/asia\/lebanon\" >Lebanon \u2013 The World Factbook \u2013 CIA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lebanon\" >Lebanon \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/lebanon.html\" >Lebanon \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.un.org\/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Lebanon\" >Lebanon \u2013 UN Data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationsonline.org\/oneworld\/lebanon.htm\" >Lebanon \u2013 NationsOnline.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/middleeast.about.com\/od\/lebanon\/p\/me071020a.htm\" >Lebanon: Country Profile \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Foreign Relations of Lebanon:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_relations_of_Lebanon\" >Foreign relations of Lebanon \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/region\/lebanon\/ri362\" >Lebanon \u2013 Council on Foreign Relations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.geographyiq.com\/countries\/le\/Lebanon_relations_summary.htm\" >Lebanon \u2013 Foreign Relations \u2013 GeographyIQ.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/r\/pa\/ei\/bgn\/35833.htm\" >US Relations with Lebanon \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gardeningillustratedmagazine.com\/q\/Israel-Lebanon_relations\" >Israel-Lebanon relations \u2013 GardeningIllustratedMagazine.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.photius.com\/countries\/lebanon\/government\/lebanon_government_foreign_relations.html\" >Lebanon \u2013 FOREIGN RELATIONS \u2013 Photius.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/keyword\/lebanon-foreign-relations-plo\" >Articles on the Foreign Relations of Lebanon \u2013 Los Angeles Times<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Lebanon:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/lebanon\/\" >Lebanon \u2013 History \u2013 CountryStudies.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Lebanon\" >History of Lebanon \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/lebanon\/history.htm\" >Lebanon \u2013 History \u2013 GlobalSecurity.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/almashriq.hiof.no\/lebanon\/900\/902\/Kamal-Salibi\/\" >How it all began \u2013 A concise history of Lebanon \u2013 HOF.no<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-14649284\" >Lebanon profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Economy of Lebanon:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Lebanon\" >Economy of Lebanon \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/lebanon\" >Lebanon \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/lebanon\" >Lebanon \u2013 Data \u2013 THE WORLD BANK<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/country\/lebanon\" >Lebanon \u2013 Index \u2013 THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/encyclopedia\/world\/lebanon-country-asia-economy.html\" >Lebanon \u2013 Economy \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationmaster.com\/country-info\/profiles\/Lebanon\/Economy\" >Lebanon Economy Stats \u2013 NationMaster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1977\u00a0 <\/strong>Members of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Front_%28United_Kingdom%29\" >British National Front<\/a> (NF) <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Lewisham\" >clash<\/a> with anti-NF demonstrators in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lewisham\" >Lewisham<\/a>, London, resulting in 214 arrests and at least 111 injuries.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1969\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_11\" ><em>Apollo 11<\/em><\/a> astronauts are released from a three-week <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quarantine\" >quarantine<\/a> to enjoy a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ticker_tape_parade\" >ticker tape parade<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City\" >New York, New York<\/a>. That evening, at a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_dinner\" >state dinner<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles\" >Los Angeles, California<\/a>, they are awarded the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom\" >Presidential Medal of Freedom<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States\" >US President<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nixon\" >Richard Nixon<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Apollo 11:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/apollo-11\" >APOLLO 11 \u2013 history.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lpi.usra.edu\/lunar\/missions\/apollo\/apollo_11\/overview\/\" >Apollo 11 Mission Overview \u2013 Lunar and Planetary Institute \u2013 lpi.usra.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_11\" >Apollo 11 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.space.com\/16758-apollo-11-first-moon-landing.html\" >Apollo 11: First Men on the Moon, by Nola Taylor Redd \u2013 space.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/nasa2explore\/sets\/72157634767563484\/?ytcheck=1\" >Apollo 11 \u2013 fricker.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/airandspace.si.edu\/explore-and-learn\/topics\/apollo\/apollo-program\/landing-missions\/apollo11.cfm\" >APOLLO 11 (AS-506) \u2013 airandspace.si.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov\/planetary\/lunar\/apollo11info.html\" >Apollo 11 \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/apollo\/apollo11.html\" >Apollo 11 \u2013 July 20, 1969: One Giant Leap for Mankind \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/spaceflight.nasa.gov\/history\/apollo\/apollo11\/\" >The Apollo 11 Mission \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/airandspace.si.edu\/events\/apollo11\/timeline\/\" >Apollo 11 \u2013 TIMELINE \u2013 airandspace.si.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Apollo Program:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apollo_program\" >Apollo program \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.nasa.gov\/apollo.html\" >The Apollo Program \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov\/planetary\/lunar\/apollo.html\" >The Apollo Program (1963-1972) \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/apollo\/missions\/index.html\" >The Apollo Missions \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/airandspace.si.edu\/topics\/apollo-program\" >APOLLO PROGRAM \u2013 airandspace.si.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nationalcoldwarexhibition.org\/schools-colleges\/national-curriculum\/space-race\/apollo.aspx\" >Apollo \u2013 nationalcoldwarexhibition.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Timelines of the Apollo Program:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/histropedia.com\/blog\/timeline-nasa-apollo-program\/\" >TIMELINE OF THE NASA APOLLO PROGRAM \u2013 histropedia.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryproject.org\/topics\/apollo-missions\" >Apollo Missions timeline \u2013 worldhistoryproject.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.preceden.com\/timelines\/174935-important-events-for-the-apollo-space-program\" >Most Important Events in the Apollo Space Program \u2013 Timelines \u2013 preceden.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/topics\/history\/milestones\/index.html\" >NASA Milestones \u2013 Interactive Timeline \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov\/planetary\/chrono_astronaut.html\" >Chronology of U.S. Astronaut Missions (1961-1972) \u2013 nasa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1968\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandros_Panagoulis\" >Alexandros Panagoulis<\/a> attempts to assassinate the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greece\" >Greek<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974\" >dictator<\/a> Colonel <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georgios_Papadopoulos\" >Georgios Papadopoulos<\/a> in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varkiza\" >Varkiza<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Athens\" >Athens<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1964\u00a0 <\/strong>Peter Allen and Gwynne Evans are hanged for the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_John_Alan_West\" >Murder of John Alan West<\/a> becoming the last people <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_Kingdom\" >executed in the United Kingdom<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1961\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Germany\" >East Germany<\/a> closes the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin_Wall\" >border between the eastern and western sectors<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berlin\" >Berlin<\/a> to thwart its inhabitants\u2019 attempts to escape to the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_world\" >West<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1960\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_African_Republic\" >Central African Republic<\/a> declares independence from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" >France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Central African Republic:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Central_African_Republic\" >History of Central African Republic \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/country\/central-african-republic.html\" >Central African Republic \u2013 Infoplease.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/central-african-republic\/history\" >Central African Republic \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.factmonster.com\/country\/central-african-republic.html\" >Central African Republic \u2013 FactMonster.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/globaledge.msu.edu\/countries\/central-african-republic\/history\/\" >Central African Republic \u2013 History \u2013 Global Edge \u2013 MSU.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-13150044\" >Central African Republic profile \u2013 Timeline \u2013 BBC News<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1954\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan_Broadcasting_Corporation\" >Radio Pakistan<\/a> broadcasts the \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qaum%C4%AB_Tar%C4%81na\" >Qaum\u012b Tar\u0101na<\/a>\u201c, the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_anthem\" >national anthem<\/a> of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" >Pakistan<\/a> for the first time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1942\u00a0 <\/strong>Major General <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eugene_Reybold\" >Eugene Reybold<\/a> of the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers\" >U.S. Army Corps of Engineers<\/a> authorizes the construction of facilities that would house the \u201cDevelopment of Substitute Materials\u201d project, better known as the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan_Project\" >Manhattan Project<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1937\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Shanghai\" >Battle of Shanghai<\/a> begins.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Battle of Shanghai (Overview):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.warhistoryonline.com\/war-articles\/1937-battle-shanghai-japans-brutal-attack-china.html\" >1937 Battle of Shanghai, Japan\u2019s Brutal Attack on China \u2013 WarHistoryOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldlibrary.org\/articles\/Battle_of_Shanghai\" >BATTEL OF SHANGHEI \u2013 WorldLibrary.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2db.com\/battle_spec.php?battle_id=85\" >Second Battle of Shanghai: 13 August 1937 \u2013 9 November 1937, by C. Peter Chen<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/scribol.com\/anthropology-and-history\/the-battle-of-shanghai-japans-1937-onslaught-on-china\" >The Battle of Shanghai: Japan\u2019s 1937 Onslaught on China \u2013 Scribol.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwar-two.net\/events\/battle-of-shanghai\/\" >Battle of Shanghai \u2013 World War Two<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/images.search.yahoo.com\/search\/images;_ylt=A0LEV2Aa07NVQWoApexXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTEyYWY4aDF1BGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjAyODJfMQRzZWMDc2M-?p=Battle+of+Shanghai&amp;fr=yfp-t-304-s\" >Photographs of Battle of Shanghai<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Japan\u2019s Shanghai Attack and Occupation:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Shanghai\" >Battle of Shanghai \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.warhistoryonline.com\/war-articles\/1937-battle-shanghai-japans-brutal-attack-china.html\" >1937 Battle of Shanghai, Japan\u2019s Brutal Attack on China \u2013 War History Online \u2013 WarHistoryOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/scribol.com\/anthropology-and-history\/the-battle-of-shanghai-japans-1937-onslaught-on-china\" >The Battle of Shanghai: Japan\u2019s 1937 Onslaught on China, by Michele Collet \u2013 Scribol.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mtholyoke.edu\/acad\/intrel\/WorldWar2\/china.htm\" >JAPANESE ATTACK ON CHINA 1937 \u2013 MTHOLYOKE.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Sino-Japanese_War\" >\u201c<em>The <\/em><strong><em>Second Sino-Japanese War<\/em><\/strong><em> (July 7, 1937\u00a0\u2013 September 9, 1945) was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from 1937 to 1945. It followed the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894\u201395, China fought Japan, with some economic help from Germany (see Sino-German cooperation until 1941) <\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 Second Sino-Japanese War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 <em><strong>Also see<\/strong><\/em> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sino-German_cooperation_until_1941#Sino-German_cooperation_in_the_1930s\" >\u201cSino-German cooperation in the 1930s\u201d \u2013 Sino-German cooperation until 1941 \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/combinedfleet.com\/Marco_t.htm\">\u201c<em>10 November 1937: \u2013 The invasion of Hangzhou Bay: <\/em><strong><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><em>Hangzhou Bay, an inlet of the East China Sea, lies south of Shanghai and ends at the city of Hangzhou. The bay contains many small islands called the Zhoushan Islands.40 transports escorted by five destroyers land LtGen Suematsu Shigeharu\u2019s 114th Division at Hangzhou Bay<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 RISING STORM \u2013 THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE NAVY AND CHINA 1931-1941 \u2013 CombinedFleet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/factsanddetails.com\/china\/cat2\/sub5\/item59.html\" >\u201c<em>The July 7, 1937, Marco Polo Bridge incident, a skirmish between Japanese Imperial Army forces and China\u2019s Nationalist Army along a rail line southwest of Beijing, is considered the official start of the full-scale conflict, which is known in China as the War of Resistance Against Japan although Japan invaded Manchuria six years earlier\u2026Millions of Chinese people were killed when Japan occupied China in the 1930s and 1940s.An indication of the ferocity of Tokyo\u2019s determination to annihilate the Kuomintang government is reflected in the major atrocity committed by the Japanese army<\/em>\u2026\u201d \u2013 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF CHINA \u2013 Facts and Details \u2013 FactsAndDetails.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>History of Shanghai:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Shanghai\" >History of Shanghai \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/gochina.about.com\/od\/shanghai\/p\/SH_History.htm\" >A Short History of Shanghai, Sarah Naumann \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.travelchinaguide.com\/cityguides\/shanghai\/history.htm\" >Shanghai History \u2013 TravelChinaGuide.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/china\/shanghai\/history\" >Sh\u00e0ngh\u0103i \u2013 History \u2013 LonelyPlanet.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chinatouronline.com\/china-travel\/shanghai\/shanghai-facts\/shanghai-history.html\" >Shanghai History \u2013 ChinaTourOnline.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.world-guides.com\/asia\/china\/shanghai-municipality\/shanghai\/shanghai_history.html\" >Shanghai History Facts and Timeline \u2013 World-Guides.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Shanghai\" >Timeline of Shanghai \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Case Study: Battle of Nanking and Massacre of 1937\/1938:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Battle of Nanking:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ww2db.com\/battle_spec.php?battle_id=38\" >Battle of Nanjing and the Rape of Nanjing \u2013 9 Dec 1937 \u2013 31 Jan 1938, by C Peter Chen \u2013 World War II Database \u2013 WW2DB.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/the-rape-of-nanking\" >DEC 13, 1937: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: Rape of Nanking \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/nanjing-massacre\" >NANJING MASSACRE \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thenankingmassacre.org\/\" >THE NANJING MASSACRE \u2013 DECEMBER 1937 \u2013 TheNanjingMasscre.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/freycarol49\/war-nanking-massacre-1937-1938\/\" >War-Nanjing Massacre 1937-1938 \u2013 Piterest.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nankingrape.blogspot.com\/\" >Nanking Massacre (1937) \u2013 NankingRape.Blogspot.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Nanjing-Massacre\" >Nanjing Massacre \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyplace.com\/worldhistory\/genocide\/nanking.htm\" >The Rape of Nanking 1937-1938: 300,000 Deaths \u2013 Genocide in the 20<sup>th<\/sup> Century \u2013The History Place \u2013 HistoryPlace.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nanking-massacre.com\/Home.html\" >1937 Nanking Massacre \u2013 Nakging-Massacre.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eyewitnesstohistory.com\/nanking.htm\" >The Rape of Nanking, 1937 \u2013 EyeWitnessToHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/warsinasia\/fl\/The-Nanking-Massacre-1937.htm\" >The Nanking Massacre, 1937 \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/us.when.com\/vertical?q=1937%20nanking%20massacre&amp;type=content&amp;s_pt=source2&amp;s_it=content&amp;s_chn=15\" >Pertinent web links on the Nanking Massacre \u2013 When.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Nanjing Massacre Denial:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanking_Massacre_denial\" >Nanjing Massacre denial \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www2.biglobe.ne.jp\/remnant\/nankingm.htm\" >The So-Called Nanking Massacre was a Fabrication \u2013 Remnant<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.zzwave.com\/cmfweb\/wiihist\/njmassac\/nmjapv.htm\" >THE NANKING MASSACRE \u2013 THE JAPANESE VERSIONS \u2013 ZZWave.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/japanrealtime\/2014\/05\/23\/veteran-japan-scribe-defends-denial-of-nanjing-massacre\/\" >Veteran Japan Scribe Defends Denial of Nanjing Massacre \u2013 May 23, 2014 \u2013 The Wall Street Journal \u2013 Japan Real Time<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.ucsb.edu\/faculty\/marcuse\/classes\/133p\/133p04papers\/JChapelNanjing046.htm\" >Denying Genocide: The Evolution of the Denial of the Holocaust and the Nanking Massacre, by Joseph Chapel \u2013 May 2004 \u2013 UCSB.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2013\/jan\/18\/opinion\/la-oe-guttentag-japan-nanking-20130118\" >Revisionism Tokyo-style \u2013 January 18, 2013 \u2013 Los Angeles Times<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/japanfocus.org\/events\/view\/209\" >David vs. Goliath: Resisting the Denial of the Nanking Massacre, by Joseph Essertier and Ono Masami \u2013 Feb. 21, 2014 \u2013 JapanFocus.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Second Sino-Japanese War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/n4juprxbr-mn\/consequences-of-the-second-sino-japanese-war\/\" >Consequences of the Second Sino-Japanese war 1937-1945 \u2013 Prezi.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/alphahistory.com\/chineserevolution\/sino-japanese-war\/\" >THE SECOND SINO-JAPAENSE WAR \u2013 AlphaHistory.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780199743292\/obo-9780199743292-0141.xml\" >The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), by Steve Phillips \u2013 OxfordBiliographies.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/history.cultural-china.com\/en\/34History7545.html\" >The Second Sino-Japanese War \u2013 The Largest Asian War in the 20<sup>th<\/sup> Century \u2013 History.Cultural-China.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Sino-Japanese-War-1937-1945\" >Sino-Japanese War 1937-1945 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>First Sino-Japanese War:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/wars_first_sino_japanese.html\" >First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) \u2013 historyofwar.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Sino-Japanese_War\" >First Sino-Japanese War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/epicroadtrips.us\/2003\/summer\/nola\/nola_offsite\/FQ_en.wikipedia.org\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Sino-Japanese_War.html\" >First Sino-Japanese War \u2013 epicroadtrips.us<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp\/eng\/news\/no10\/enews10-essay2.html\" >The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 \u2013 hokudai.ac.jp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.citelighter.com\/history\/history\/knowledgecards\/first-sino-japanese-war\" >FIRST SINO-JAPANESE WAR \u2013 citelighter.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sinojapanesewar.com\/\" >The First Sino Japanese War August 1, 1894 \u2013 April 17, 1895 \u2013 sinojapanesewar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/asianhistory.about.com\/od\/warsinasia\/a\/First-Sino-Japanese-War.htm\" >Sino-Japanese War, 1894-1895, by Kallie Szczepanski \u2013 about education \u2013 about.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Sino-Japanese-War-1894-1895\" >Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2014\/04\/chinese-strategists-reflect-on-the-first-sino-japanese-war\/\" >Chinese Strategist Reflect on First Sino-Japanese War, by Shannon Tiezzi \u2013 April 18, 2014 \u2013 thediplomat.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1920\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War\" >Polish\u2013Soviet War<\/a>: the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Warsaw_%281920%29\" >Battle of Warsaw<\/a> begins and will last till <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/August_25\" >August 25<\/a>. The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Army\" >Red Army<\/a> is defeated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bmwdrives.com\/bmw-history.php\" >\u201cBayerische Motoren Werke GmbH\u201d becomes BMW AG<\/a><\/strong> The German term Aktiengesellschaft means a corporation, a \u201cpublic company\u201d equivalent to the US term, which is limited by shares, i.e., owned by shareholders. It may be traded on the stock market. The term is used in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>History of BMW:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_BMW\" >History of BMW \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/bmwdrives.com\/bmw-history.php\" >BMW history \u2013 BMW in the 1910s \u2013 the beginning \u2013 BMWDrives.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1918\u00a0 <\/strong>Women enlist in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps\" >United States Marine Corps<\/a> for the first time. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Opha_Mae_Johnson\" >Opha Mae Johnson<\/a> is the first woman to enlist.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>History of Women Marines:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.womenmarines.org\/%28X%281%29A%28tCH5wY_L0AEkAAAAMDM4NzI5NzItZTlhMS00NWQ4LWE3MzEtNWUxYjY3MWQ2NTE1IUyJW3PtaLyvQe2EwTJHsXC1J2M1%29%29\/wm_history.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1\" >HISTORY OF THE WOMEN MARINES \u2013 WomenMarines.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com\/%7Euscnrotc\/Alumni-USMC\/mhistory\/m-women-60.htm\" >\u201c<em>The first women officially served in the Marine Corps during World War I. In 1917, with countless young men volunteering for the Armed Forces, the labor potential of women became important for the first time in U.S. history. Pvt. Opha Mae Johnson became the first woman to enlist in the Marine Corps Reserve Aug. 13, 1918<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 USC SemperFi Society<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Marine_Corps_Women%27s_Reserve#Chronology\" >Chronology \u2013 United States Marine Corps Women\u2019s Reserve \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.military.com\/daily-news\/2013\/11\/21\/female-marines-make-history-at-infantry-training.html\" >Female Marines Make History at Infantry Training \u2013 Military.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Pros and Cons of Women in Combat, and Other Pertinent Issues on Women in Military, including Gender Equality in Military:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/sistersinarms.ca\/history\/women-in-combat-pros-and-cons\/\" >WOMEN IN COMBAT PROS AND CONS \u2013 SistersInArms.ca<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thewire.com\/politics\/2010\/02\/pros-and-cons-of-allowing-women-in-combat-roles\/25482\/\" >Pros and Cons Allowing Women in Combat Roles \u2013 Heather Horn \u2013 TheWire.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/womenmilitaryproblems.wordpress.com\/\" >PROBLEMS: WOMEN IN THE MILITARY \u2013 A COLLECTION OF INTERVIEWS, PHOTOS, AND ARTICLES THAT SUM UP WHY WOMEN IN THE MILITARY CONTINUE TO FACE SUCH UNEQUAL HARDSHIPS.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/defense\/313319-psychological-issues-top-militarys-concerns-over-women-in-combat-\" >Psychological issues top military\u2019s concerns over women in combat \u2013 TheHill.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/01\/23\/pregnant-military-unplanned-women_n_2534873.html\" >Unplanned Pregnancies Among Women In Military High, Rising, by Catherine Pearson \u2013 HuffingtonPost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/womensissues.about.com\/od\/intheworkplace\/a\/MilitaryWomen.htm\" >Military Women \u2013 Facts About Military Women and Women Veterans in the US \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.army.mil\/article\/134176\/Doc_gives_candid_talk_on_women_s_issues_in_military\/\" >Doc gives candid talk on women\u2019s issues in military, by David Vergun \u2013 THE OFFICIAL HOMEPAGE OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/studies\/society\/gender-society\/women-military-research-roundup\" >Women in the US military and combat roles: Research roundup \u2013 Journalist\u2019s Resource<\/a>s<\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/politicalanimalblog.com\/2013\/01\/25\/the-problem-of-women-in-combat\/\" >The Problem(s) of Women in Combat, by Jude Eden, Jane of Trades \u2013 Political Animal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.westernjournalism.com\/the-problems-of-women-in-combat-from-a-female-combat-vet\/\" >The Problems of Women in Combat \u2013 From a Female Combat Vet \u2013 WesternJournalism.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.westernjournalism.com\/the-problems-of-women-in-combat-part-2\/\" >The Problems of Women in Combat \u2013 Part 2 \u2013 WesternJournalism.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/nation.time.com\/2013\/01\/28\/american-amazons-hiding-in-plain-jane-sight\/\" >\u201c<em>\u2019Over more than a decade of war,\u2019 Defense Secretary Leon Panetta said, before lifting the ban by scrawling his name across the bottom of a two-page order, \u2018they have demonstrated courage and skill and patriotism.\u2019<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Amazons: Hiding in Plane-Jane Sight \u2013 TIME<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cracked.com\/personal-experiences-1244-5-shockingly-outdated-problems-women-in-military-face.html\" >5 Shockingly Outdated Problems Women in the Military Face, by J.F. Sargent Donna Noble, Sara Ohlms<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.articlemyriad.com\/contemporary-issues-facing-women-military\/\" >Contemporary Issues Facing Women in the Military \u2013 ArticleMyriad.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/WomenintheMilitary\" >Gender Equality in Military \u2013 SEESAC.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/dailycaller.com\/2014\/01\/05\/gender-equality-a-double-standard-for-women-in-the-military\/\" >Gender equality? A double standard for women in the military, by Amber Smith \u2013 DailyCaller.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/jia.sipa.columbia.edu\/online-articles\/few-good-women-gender-inclusion-united-states-military\/\" >A Few Good (Wo)men: Gender Inclusion in the United States Military \u2013 November 18, 2013 \u2013 Journal of International Affairs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/atwar.blogs.nytimes.com\/2012\/01\/31\/fighting-for-gender-equality-on-the-battlefield\/?_r=0\" >Fighting for Gender Equality in the Battle Field, by Steve Griffin \u2013 January 31, 2012 \u2013 At War<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.redstate.com\/diary\/kimberly_ross\/2015\/04\/10\/gender-equality-military\/\" >Gender Equality in Military, by Kimberly Ross (Diary) \u2013 April 10, 2015 \u2013 Red State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/the-hero-project\/articles\/2014\/01\/07\/lowering-standards-for-female-marines-is-not-gender-equality.html\" >Lowering Standards for Female Marines Is Not Gender Equality \u2013 TheDailyBeast.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.post-gazette.com\/news\/nation\/2008\/10\/14\/Full-gender-equality-still-an-issue-for-the-military\/stories\/200810140185\" >Full gender equality is still an issue for the military, by Jerome L. Sherman \u2013 Post-Gazette.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2013-01-3qs-gender-equality-military.html\" >3Qs: Gender equality in the military \u2013 Phys.org<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Women and Conscientious Objectors:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wri-irg.org\/system\/files\/WomenAndConscientiousObjection-AnAnthology.pdf\" ><em>WOMEN AND CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS: AN ANTHOLOGY, edited by Ellen Elster and Majken Jul S\u00f8rensen, prefaced by Cynthia Enloe<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1092813\" >Equality with a Vengeance \u2013 Female Conscientious Objectors in Pursuit of a \u2018Voice\u2019 and Substantive Gender Equality, by Noya Rimalt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.scribd.com\/doc\/23013862\/Conscientious-Objectors-Female-Authors-Who-Consciously-Oppose-the-Idealized-Woman-Stereotype#scribd\" >Conscientious Objectors: Female Authors Who Consciously Oppose the Idealized Women Stereo Type \u2013 Anthony Owens (2009)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/peace.maripo.com\/p_co.htm\" >Monuments Related to Pacifists, Conscientious Objectors &amp; War Resisters \u2013 Peace.Maripo.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/pov\/soldiersofconscience\/special_background.php\" >Backgrounder: Soldiers at War \u2013 History of Conscientious Objectors in the United States \u2013 PBS.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.military.com\/NewContent\/0,13190,Gomulka_Objectors,00.html\" >Conscientious Objectors or Cowards? By Captain Gene Thomas Gomulka \u2013 military.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong>First production in the UK of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stainless_steel\" >stainless steel<\/a> by <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_Brearley\" >Harry Brearley<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1913\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otto_Witte\" >Otto Witte<\/a>, an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acrobatics\" >acrobat<\/a>, is purportedly crowned King of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albania\" >Albania<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1906\u00a0 <\/strong>The all black infantrymen of the U.S. Army\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/25th_Infantry_Regiment_%28United_States%29\" >25th Infantry Regiment<\/a> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brownsville_Affair\" >are accused<\/a> of killing a white bartender and wounding a white police officer in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brownsville,_Texas\" >Brownsville, Texas<\/a>, despite exculpatory evidence; all are later dishonorably discharged.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carl_Gustav_Witt\" >Carl Gustav Witt<\/a> discovers <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/433_Eros\" >433 Eros<\/a>, the first <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Near-Earth_object#Near-Earth_asteroids\" >near-Earth asteroid<\/a> to be found.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1898\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War\" >Spanish\u2013American War<\/a>: Spanish and American forces engaged in a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Manila_%281898%29\" >mock battle<\/a> for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manila\" >Manila<\/a>, after which the Spanish commander surrendered in order to keep the city out of Filipino rebel hands.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Mock Battle of Manila:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipilipinas.org\/index.php?title=Mock_Battle_of_Manila\" >Mock Battle of Manila \u2013 wikipilipinas.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.filipinoamericanwar.com\/mockbattleofmanila.htm\" > 13, 1898: Mock Battle of Manila \u2013 Philippine-American War, 1899- 1902, by Arnoldo Dumindin \u2013 filipionamericanwar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/homeofheroes.com\/wallofhonor\/spanish_am\/16_trouble.html\" >Victory in the Philippines \u2013 The Beginning of a New War \u2013 homeofheroes.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Spanish-American War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/spanish-american-war\" >SPANISH AMARICAN WAR \u2013 History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1866-1898\/spanish-american-war\" >The Spanish-American War, 1898 \u2013 OFFICE of the HISTORIAN \u2013 US Department of State<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.u-s-history.com\/pages\/h3617.html\" >Spanish-American War \u2013 U-S-History.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/militaryhistory.about.com\/od\/battleswars1800s\/tp\/The-Spanish-American-War.htm\" >The Spanish-American War, by Kennedy Hickman \u2013 About education \u2013 About.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/amhistory.si.edu\/militaryhistory\/printable\/section.asp?id=7\" >THE PRICE OF FREEDOM: Americans at War \u2013 SPANISH AMERICAN WAR \u2013 SI.edu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Spanish-American-War\" >Spanish-American War \u2013 Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Timeline of the Spanish-American War:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Spanish%E2%80%93American_War#April\" >April 1898 \u2013 Timeline of the Spanish-American War \u2013 Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sparknotes.com\/history\/american\/spanishamerican\/timeline.html\" >THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (1898-1901) \u2013 SPARKNOTES.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.softschools.com\/timelines\/spanishamerican_war_timeline\/116\/\" >Spanish-American War \u2013 Timeline \u2013 SoftSchool.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/loc.gov\/rr\/hispanic\/1898\/chronology.html\" >The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War \u2013 Chronology \u2013 LOC.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.spanamwar.com\/timeline.htm\" >Spanish American War Chronology \u2013 spanamwar.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.history-of-american-wars.com\/spanish-american-war.html\" >Spanish American War 1898 \u2013 History-of-American-Wars.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1868\u00a0 <\/strong>A <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1868_Arica_earthquake\" >massive earthquake<\/a> near <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arica\" >Arica<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peru\" >Peru<\/a>, causes an estimated 25,000 casualties, and the subsequent <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsunami\" >tsunami<\/a> causes considerable damage as far away as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawaii\" >Hawaii<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand\" >New Zealand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1831\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nat_Turner\" >Nat Turner<\/a> sees a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar_eclipse\" >solar eclipse<\/a>, which he believes is a sign from <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/God_in_Christianity\" >God<\/a>. Eight days later he and 70 other slaves kill approximately 55 whites in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southampton_County,_Virginia\" >Southampton County, Virginia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1814\u00a0 <\/strong>The <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814\" >Convention of London<\/a>, a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty\" >treaty<\/a> between the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\" >United Kingdom<\/a> and the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_Republic\" >United Provinces<\/a>, is signed in <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/London\" >London, England<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1806\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Mi%C5%A1ar\" >Battle of Mi\u0161ar<\/a> during the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbian_Revolution\" >Serbian Revolution<\/a> begins. The battle will end two days later, with a decisive Serbian victory over the Ottomans.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1792\u00a0 <\/strong>King <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_XVI_of_France\" >Louis XVI of France<\/a> is formally arrested by the National Tribunal, and declared an <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enemy_of_the_people\" >enemy of the people<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1704\u00a0 <\/strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession\" >War of the Spanish Succession<\/a>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Blenheim\" >Battle of Blenheim<\/a> \u2013 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_England\" >English<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_Roman_Empire\" >Imperial<\/a> forces are victorious over <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_France\" >French<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electorate_of_Bavaria\" >Bavarian<\/a> troops.<\/p>\n<p><strong>____________________________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0(<em>Sources and references:<\/em><\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/august7\" ><em>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/august7<\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0\u00a0 to_august_13; <\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/events\/august\/7\" ><em>http:\/\/www.onthisday.com\/events\/august\/7<\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to august\/13;\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/august_7.html\" ><em>http:\/\/www.brainyhistory.com\/days\/august_7.html<\/em><\/a><em>.\u00a0\u00a0 to august_13.html; and other pertinent web sites and\/or documents, mentioned above.<\/em><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>The views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and\/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the author of this article. These websites and\/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the Transcend Media Service (TMS) is responsible for the contents, information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and\/or documents.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>One of the primary purposes of this article is to provide the readers with opportunities to think about \u201cpeace\u201d, including positive peace and negative peace as well as external\/outer peace and internal\/inner peace, and more, directly or indirectly, from various angles and\/or in the broadest sense, through historical events. It is because this article is prepared specifically for the TMS whose main objective is to address \u201cpeace\u201d.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><em>Satoshi Ashikaga, having worked as researcher, development program\/project officer, legal protection\/humanitarian assistance officer, human rights monitor-negotiator, managing-editor, and more, prefers a peaceful and prudent life, especially that in communion with nature.\u00a0 His previous work experiences, including those in war zones and war-torn zones, remind him of the invaluableness of peace.\u00a0 His interest and\/or expertise includes international affairs, international law, jurisprudence, economic and business affairs, project\/operations or organizational management, geography, history, the environmental\/ecological issues, science and technology, visual\/audio documentation of nature and culture, and more. Being a member of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/\" ><em>TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment<\/em><\/a><em>, he is currently compiling <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/category\/history\/\" >This Week in History<\/a> <em>on <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/\" >TMS<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aug 7-13, 2017 ~ QUOTE OF THE WEEK:  &#8220;Life asked death, &#8216;Why do people love me but hate you?&#8217; Death responded, &#8216;Because you are a beautiful lie and I am a painful truth.&#8221;  &#8211; Author unknown<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96047"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96047\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=96047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.transcend.org\/tms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=96047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}