Global Governance for Security and Peace of All: The Role of Peace Education

EDUCATION, 19 Jan 2026

Surya Nath Prasad - TRANSCEND Media Service

Global Governance in the 21st Century is highly relevant in the present world of violence and peacelessness. I would like to present my views on the topic: Global Governance for Security and Peace of All: The Role of Peace Education. And I shall try to put my views under four sub-titles, viz: 1. Need of Global Governance, 2. Global Governance by Cross-national or Supranational or Transnational Organization, 3. NGOs as Partners in Global Governance, and 4. The Role of Peace Education in Global Governance.

1. NEED OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

People of the whole World are terribly and urgently in need of global governance for security and peace, because national governance has badly failed to protect them. Instead of peace, national governance has produced two world wars and many civil wars, and under its governance wide spread of exploitation and oppression of people were committed by the persons in the governments and outside of the governments whether they are dictators or democrats. At least 20 million people died in World War I, 40 million more killed in World War II. Yet there have been over a hundred wars since the United Nations was founded eighty years ago, and another 20 million have been killed. However, 110 million deaths are estimated in the 20th Century. Today since year 2000 number of more deaths in wars can be added. And now most of the nations are facing the problems of ‘genocide’ and ‘ethnic cleansing’. Besides these, people are suffering from hunger, disease and ignorance. And nation-states are unable to check them, and sometimes they become parties to all inhuman acts. Nation-states have been utter failure in protecting the rights of the people and their lives, and in providing proper means to fulfill even their basic needs.

In these circumstances of insecurity and peacelessness, global governance is the only hope and help to the existing aggrieved, oppressed, ignorant and tortured fellow human beings. Global governance is also essential for the relief to the victims of war (like refugees, destitute children, woman, old and other handicapped persons); and natural calamities (like earth quack, flood, famine and other similar disasters); and also global health problems like AIDS. It is essentially needed to assist the nation-states in the development of all areas of their nations which affect the lives of the people like population, environment, education, agriculture, economics, science, technology, health and food. It is needed also to check international crimes and corruption to control illicit drug, to suppress trafficking and to help farmers not to grow narcotic crops. Not only for these, but its demand is also for helping the nation-states in the establishment of democracy and in providing education for all people of their respective nations with the hope to receive from them the better assistance to the global governance in future.

Even all the Nation – States adopt democracy, and promise for better governance to the people in their respective nations; they cannot do so individually because today all nation-states are interdependent. No nation can develop alone economically, scientifically, educationally even socially and culturally without the mutual help of each other, and for this, global governance is a must. Rittberger and Brühl (1999) – Political scientists Volker Rittberger and Tanja Brühl, prominent German scholars known for their collaborative work on global governance –  in their essay entitled Global Governance: Civil Society and the UN have rightly said, “Since the degree of interdependence is high (and is still rising), national regulations cannot solve existing problems, most notably in the areas of economics and the environment. Thus decisions are transferred to a ‘higher’ level of governance – to the ‘international level’ – and distance between policy makers and citizens grow even further.”

2. GLOBAL GOVERNANCE BY CROSSNATIONAL OR SUPRANATIONAL OR TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
3. Cross-national Organization

Which way is global governance proper, adequate and useful for solutions for the existing problems, and for development and peace for all peoples of the world in the present context of the variety of forms of the nation-states? Is Cross-national Organization suited to the solution of the present global problems? Or is Supranational Organization the only path to peace and security? Or is Transnational Organization the only global universal organization to face the challenges of 21st Century World?

In the global governance or the joint governance through Cross-national Organization, Nation-States may take part in each other national assemblies for making the decisions without changing forms of governments. Regarding this Toffler Alvin has cited in his book POWER SHIFT that Japan and the United States, for example, are so closely intertwined economically, politically, and militarily, that decisions in one have immediate high impact consequences in the other. Under these circumstances, the day may arrive when Japan will demand actual voting seats inside the Congress of the United States. In return, the United States would no doubt demand equivalent representation in Japanese Diet. In this way would be born the first of many potential “Cross-national” parliaments or legislatures. In this reference, further he has said that democracy presupposes that those affected by a decision have a right to participate in making the decision. If this is so, then many nations should, in fact, have seats in U.S. Congress, whose decisions have greater impact on their lives than the decisions of their own politicians. Visualizing the interdependence of nations, he has forecasted saying that as the world goes global and the new system for wealth creation spreads, demands for cross-national political participation and even cross-national voting-will bubble up from the vast population which now feel themselves excluded from the decisions that shape their lives.

In fact, the global governance through Cross-national Organization is not feasible and conducive to the progress, prosperity and peace for people of all nations of the world. However, Cross-national organization is the first step of Supra-national Organization. European Community is a Supra-government which reduces the present countries of Europe to the status of provinces rather than sovereign nations – by imposing supra-national controls over currency, central banking, educational standards, environment, agriculture and even national budgets.

1. Supranational Organization

Global governance through Supranational Organization by forming world government giving full sovereignty to it to govern leaving national governance will also not be successful in providing security to all, and helping them to achieve peace in the present situation of nation – states in which mostly people are poor and ignorant. Because there is a danger from some power – hungry politicians of developed nations who would be elected representatives, and who might be autocrats and tyrants as they would be in forefronts and leaders in the World Government to control the whole World with their whims who may not prefer to have intellectuals or NGOs in their global governments for their consultations. Therefore, peoples of the world are not in a position to have a world government till all peoples of the globe would be free from fear and want, and be perpetually enlightened which are the basis of democracy and peace.

A South Korean Peace thinker Dr. Young Seek Choue is also not in favour of World Government, and he says, “of course, impatient people may wish to establish a world government or a federation of nations immediately, but if we are going to bring about changes, we must accept that the process will take time. No farmer can reap crops immediately after sowing the seed.” Earlier also Dr. Choue expressed his views about the foundation of world government answering a question, “What kind of the United Nations we want?” and he replied, “before responding to the this questions. I would like to remind you of the ideas establishing a world federation or a world government. No one would object to such ideals. But as there are yet no tractable ways and means through which we may reach this goal and such a leap-for-ward is illogical as well as unrealistic. I shall therefore concentrate on the task of strengthening of the United Nations, which would be the right way of achieving the goal, based on the concrete realities of the world at present.” (For details, see Young Seek Choue, “World Peace through Pax United Nations”, in Jong-Youl Yoo, ed. Man’s Search for Peace, Seoul: The Kyung Hee University Press, 1985).

1. Transnational Organization

Global Governance by Transnational Organization through the United Nation is the only best and suitable way for security and peace of the peoples in 21st Century. It is the only United Nations which can face the challenges of the diverse world, and solve the existing problems of peoples of different regions, races, languages, religions, ideologies and nations. The United Nations is very important and useful organization for global governance. A Vision of Hope: The Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations which is a large record of the work of 50 years of the United Nations.

(The author of these lines has received enough copies of this big book for free distribution from Regency Publications, London, U.K., which has published for the United Nations. This author has still some copies of this book for Free Distribution. Interested may request for the copy and write him at dr_suryanathprasad@yahoo.co.in).

“The United Nations saves lives, changes lives and offer hope and opportunity to millions,” observes G.M. Sorensen, Under-Secretary-General of the UN. This report has also declared that there is no substitute for United Nations as the global forum for leadership in identifying and legitimizing new issues for international agenda. As it did in respect of international development, co-operation, human rights, environment, population and the women’s issues to name but a few. It observes also that the UN provides hospitable, peaceful and equitable conditions of life for its entire people. It acts on behalf of all nations. “In order to contribute to an effective global governance system”, observes Rittberger and Brühl, “the United Nations faces at least two challenges in terms of its relations with international civil society. First, the United Nations has to address the incorporation of international civil society through effective democratization. Second, it cannot afford to ignore downside of international civil society, such as the transnational spread of crime and corruption.”

The United Nations is a voluntary organization of sovereign Nation – States. Article 2 of its Charter declares, “The organization is based on the principle of sovereign equality of its members.” Besides this, in view of Röling (1979), the Charter of the U. N. originally sought to preserve the colonial system by stipulating provisions as cited in Chapters XI, XII and XIII which deals with “non-self-governing territories” and  “trusteeship systems” for “good colonial administration” (Röling B.V. 1979: The United Nation – A General Evaluation). However, persons deputed to the United Nations by the nation – states are the experts in the field of international relations which might not be possible when they would be elected for the United Nations.

The United Nations has contributed much to the international understanding, cooperation, promotion of democracy and global stability. Its importance is established with its tremendous achievements in every aspect of peoples’  lives around the world during the span of 80 years. The United Nations through its programmes and organs, specialized agencies and other autonomous organizations, other commissions and committees, and ad hoc and related bodies, and peace-keeping operations and peace building functions has done a lot of services to the welfare and development of people of almost all the nations of the world. The Co-Chairman of the Commission on Global Governance, Former Prime Minister Gösta Ingvar Carlsson of Sweden has described Commission’s five strong reasons to have the United Nations for international relations in the 21st Century. (For details see Ingvar Carlsson, in Foreign Policy No. 100, Fall 1995). I have quoted earlier the views of Dr. Choue, (1985) who strongly favors the United Nations for global governance, and to strengthen it and he wishes to create Pax United Nations and he believes that the ten-point recommendations of then UN Secretary-General De Cuellar in this regard must be implemented. Dr. Choue, who is initiator of Global Common Society, wants that the United Nations should give birth to Global Common Society or Global Co-operation Society which he calls the world of GCS a Pax United Nations. And he hopes under the Pax United Nation, people would enjoy a perpetual peace and common prosperity which is spiritually rewarding, beautiful and worthy. Pax United Nations which Dr. Choue considers as not a world government is also his original idea. He says that Pax UN will be a global mechanism geared to maintaining security and promoting peace and welfare of people, it should not meddle in the domestic affairs of the member states which have little bearing on the question of international peace and security. The exercise of sovereign rights of each nation should be honoured. Dr. Choue is very much right in the sense that real governance lies with self-governance, i.e. moral governance. Nobody will govern other but everybody would be self-governed. Governance means to serve others for their welfare and peace. In this sense, moral governance supports the national as well as global governance in which people are involved for the good of others.

Persons in the nation-states or in the United Nations are the servants of the people to serve them, not the masters to govern or to rule them till they are able to self-governed. Real democracy is based on participation of people, not the representation of the people. A realization of governing principles may lead to correcting errors and building a secured and peaceful world everywhere. With the understanding of global governance through Pax UN, and will to serve the people for their security and peace, the family of mankind or race of man can develop spiritually and mature politically. Therefore, the United Nations may better be called as Peoples Global Serving Society. Its purpose is same “to maintain peace and security” as set forth in Article 1 of the Charter of United Nations. It is pertinent to mention here that this Author-Speaker submitted one page reply on 14th July 2000 to the UN Institute for Training and Research (Geneva, Switzerland) of its question: HOW COULD THE UNITED NATIONS BETTER FULFILL THEIR TASKS IN THE FIELD OF PEACE AND SECURITY? Here I would like to tell you in brief the matters which I replied to the question of UNITAR.

The United Nations can fulfill its task successfully in the field of peace and security through short and long terms operations.

For short term operations, the United Nations should immediately take up the cases of violation of human rights of any nation, and attack on democracy of the nation, and provide quick relief to the people of the particular nation, because principles of non-interference in internal affairs does not prohibit international intervention to halt crimes against people or crime against humanity.

For long term operations, the United Nations should issue directions to all member States to give top priority to education by providing free education for all-children of poor and rich both to make them indebted towards their society in particular, and towards humanity as a whole in general. And World Bank should be advised to sanction loan to the Nation- States for investment in education, and appeal to the rich nations to share their resources with the poor nations by extending their financial assistance for this purpose and the respective States should also be asked to encourage their rich people to donate money for education. Besides this, full facilities and all comfort should be provided to teachers who control the education and educational institutions.

Regarding peace-keeping, I would like to suggest that peace-keeping forces which operate on the basis of consent, no-enforcement and impartiality must be taught about integrated science and religion to make them more efficient, effective and useful which may help to eliminate structural violence also. Integrated science and religion enable man to learn and follow the laws of inner and outer life which lead to peace and prosperity on earth.

Concerning peace-building, it may be suggested that development, democracy and justice which are its main functions need proper education, training and learning about all these concepts. Only perpetual education for all can give birth to democratic process of decision making which makes ever man and woman just that ultimately leads to development and peace for all.

Concerning on the role of Security Council, I would like to say that on the issues of threatening world peace, the Security Council can compel parties to accept decisions of the International Court of Justice. Like international Criminal Court of Yugoslavia, the Security Council can also create a permanent International Criminal Tribunal to hold personally accountable to all those who flout the laws of peace and humanity.

About the role of Secretary-General of the United Nations, I would like to suggest that in short term action, the Secretary-General must bring the attention to the Security Council, without any delay, any problems arise in any nation causing insecurity of its people and/or its democratic set-up for providing security and immediate assistance. And for long term action, the Secretary-General of the UN, enter alia, must bring attention to the Security Council to take decision that all member States must provide full protection and all comfort to their teachers, and free education for all which are the real foundation of peace and security.

3. NGOs AS PARTENERS IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

Persons of the present NGOs are like the experts and intellectuals of past who were advisers in governance of the state in India. In ancient India, Rishi Vashitha (Saint Intellectual) was the adviser in the Kingdom of Shriram. And it is said that under the empire of King Rama, due to good governance, there was no physical, mental and spiritual sufferings to anybody. All loved each other. No one died in early age of his life; all people were free from sorrow and pain, disease, poverty and ignorance. This was why Mahatma Gandhi, the father of Indian Nation, wanted the rule and good governance like King Rama. In the period of Mahabharata, Vidur (an expert in State Politic and a fame of Vidur Niti-ethics) was the Chief Consultant and minister in the empire of Kaurava. Saint Ashtavakra was the intellectual advisor in the regime of King Janaka. Kautilya (Chanakya-an intellectual giant in state politics) was the mentor and advisor of King Chandragupta. There were Nine Jewels in the Court of Badshah (King) Akbar in the Mughal period. Among these nine, Abul Fazal was a scholar and a historian. Faizi was a poet and a philosopher. Mansingh was a able general. Todarmal was an efficient administrator. Birbal was famous for his statesmanship and wit. Tansen was a great musician. Humam was well-known physician. Mulla Dopyaja was a scholar known for his ready wit. Badayuni was a famous historian. In modern India, though it has adopted democracy, and government is formed by the elected representatives of the people, 12 members among the intellectuals from the field of science, culture, drama, art, music literature social work etc. are nominated by the President for the Upper House (Rajya Sabha) of the Indian Parliament. Lala Hardayal hoped and said, “Ministers of the world state will be sages and saints; its civil servants will be scholars and scientists.” Pitirim A. Sorokin also puts similar views, “Ascending governments of scientists of all nations, the United Nations and the future world government can be enormously improved in their moral strength and wisdom by including in all governments these sages and experts. Their presence can prevent the governments from committing moral blunders, can increase their wisdom and morality and reinforce the total moral and spiritual order in the human Universe.”

At the end of 1992 UNESCO formed Council of Sages composed of 21 of the World’s most eminent intellectuals to reflect on the vital issues of time which may affect the lives of all the planet’s inhabitants, such as the “eruption of political, religious and ethnic intolerance,” which Algeria’s Mohammed Bedjaoui, Jurist and member of International Court of Justice in Hague, considers to be one of the most alarming situations facing the world today. Writer and former President of Czechoslovakia, Vaclav Havel tells, “in a way the forum (the Council of Sages) is an experiment, and we cannot foresee exactly how it will develop, however it might grow into one of those institutions that will help enrich the realm of politics, international relations and international co-operation, with certain broader cultural and spiritual dimension which in my view is much needed in today’s politics….”

Hence, Non-Governmental Organizations are the real partners of the United Nations in the global governance along with member governments in executing UN’s plans of peace and security, and in assisting it in formulating the immediate and future plans and policies for the betterment of the people living in different parts and situations of the world, and also in implementing the commitment made at the Global World Conference of the 1990s.

The number of NGOs soared from 130 in 1992 to 400 in 1995. More than 600 NGOs have Consultative Status with UN-ECOSOC. And 580 NGOs have Consultative and Associate Relations (54 NGOs) Information and Consultative Status (256 NGOs) and Mutual Information Relation (270 NGOs) with UNESCO. However, 1000 NGO’s attended the UN founding conference. In 1999 NGO’s Conference at Seoul, 1360 NGOs registered and over 12000 NGO representatives from 117 countries participated in it. The Seoul NGOs Conference was the biggest International NGO Conference in the 20th century held for a week from 10-16 October, 1999 at Seoul, Republic of Korea.  Dr. Young Seek Choue, Founder-Chancellor of Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea and the President of Global Common Society International was the host Convener and the spirit of the Seoul NGO Conference. The author of this article was also invited as Guest Speaker for the Seoul 1999 NGO’s Conference and spoke on the theme: Building Democracy and One World: The Role of NGOs in the 21st Century; Peace: The Role and Mission of the University for the New Millennium, and Peace Education

The UN Millennium NGO Forum was held at UN headquarters at New York from 22-26 May 2000 and 1000 NGO representatives participated in it. Dr. Young Seek Choue was one of the participants of this NGO Forum. He delivered a speech there on the theme: “A Grand Design of NGOs for New Millennium.”

Dr. Choue, in his speech, questioned all the NGOs present there and told us, “In such a context, which else is capable of assuring the mighty task except NGOs in the present society of popular sovereignty.” And further he quoted: “Referring to the 21st Century as “an Era of NGOS”. Secretary-General Kofi Annan himself declared in his inaugural address that he would march hand-in-hand with NGO’s to build a new United Nations. He hopes saying that “The grand task for our humanity to achieve for New Millennium lies in the hands of NGOs. We are destined to unite together globally and in collaboration with the United Nations and all nations in the world with developed nations in the vanguard, we ought to be the harbinger in fostering such a movement as the Neo-Renaissance Movement. Dr. Choue has already launched a Global Initiative for the Neo-Renaissance movement under the joint initiative of 100 world leaders. (For details see his speech “A Grand Design of NGOs for the New Millennium”, Millennium Forum, New York: United Nations Headquarters, New York, 22 May 2000).

NGOs which are the civil society organization assist the United Nations and its Specialized Agencies in providing their consultations and information, and also have mutual information relation for efficient service to the welfare of mankind. Not only this, but they influence public policies and public opinion also. NGOs bring creative change in the actions of UN though they do not take part directly in the United Nations decision making processes, because NGOs have no formal consultation status with the General Assembly and Security Council of the United Nations. However, NGOs have hidden, passive and basic roles in global governance sharing with the United Nations manifest active and resultant roles. This is why then UNESCO Director-General Federico Mayor suggested to the organizations of the United Nations System to remain in close relationship of the civil society of their member states as their ultimate constituency and to promote “Civil Conspiracy” or “breathing together” which is an essential feature of participatory democracy.

NGOs being liaisons between the United Nations and the people conscientize them for breathing together who are the real world and who would be capable of forming a Global Common Society, according to Dr. Young Seek Choue an OUGHTOPIA – a society as it ought-to-be which would naturally be spiritually beautiful, materially affluent and humanly rewarding.

Thus global governance in the 21st Century would be jointly in the hands of United Nations and NGOs for maintenance of peace and security of all.

4. ROLE OF PEACE EDUCATION IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

The opening words of the UN Charter proclaimed in 1945 were “We the peoples” – not “We the governments”. And the UN system was founded on the basis of Global Democracy. Its members may be of different forms of nation-states, but its responsibility is to consider people first. Hence, the real masters are the people in the global governance, true sovereignty lies with them and they are supposed to govern. Master does not mean to dominate, oppress and exploit others. To govern also does not mean to rule others. But it means to serve others. The deputed members to the UN by the nation-states are the servants of the people. They are also supposed to serve the people. And NGOs which are the partners in the global governance are naturally represent people due to being their mission to serve them voluntarily. They are real civil society.

However, Peace Education is essential for global governance. Even for governance in family, village council, city corporation, provincial assembly, national parliament or in nation – state and also in the United Nations and in NGOs, peace education is a must otherwise governance will not be proper and in order, and persons who are supposed to govern may dominate other persons in the system, and this dominance leads them to oppress and exploit others, and fails to give justice to them. Thus governance without peace education may create political tyranny, economic exploitation and social injustice.

Half of the ills of mankind are due to ignorance and the other half arise from poverty. However, poverty is also, due to ignorance, and ignorance also leads to poverty and selfishness which promote several other problems of population, pollution, slavery, violence and war. Therefore, we will have to eradicate poverty to remove ignorance, and also we will have to end ignorance to remove poverty, and to solve other problems created by it.

Thus ignorance and poverty are two main obstacles in the path of global governance. Maximum people, in the world are poor. As of late 2024/early 2025, nearly 700-800 million people live in extreme poverty. The number of illiterate persons is also more. As of recent data (2024/2025), around 739 to 773 million adults globally lack basic literacy skills, with women making up nearly two-thirds of this number (around 466 million). However, merely literacy is not education. Those who are literate and even highly learned (who have learnt so many things) may not be educated also because existing formal education in the schools, colleges and universities, though which are available not to all but to the privileged persons, make them different types of professional but not the man – the human; and thus it fails to enable the people to be educated. Hence it destroys those whom it reaches, and it destroys those whom it is denied. Therefore, people need peace education to be truly educated to govern (to serve). To be educated in peace education is the first prerequisite or pre-condition to be true master to govern (to serve).

Learning to know, learning to do, learning to be and learning to live together are the four pillars of education as suggested in the Report – Learning: The Treasure Within of UNSESCO sponsored International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century chaired by Jacques Delors. However, then Director General Federico Mayor had added two more pillars: learning to undertake and learning to dare. But we may also add two more pillars – “learning to share” and “learning to be just” to make the roof of education strong. Nevertheless, all the pillars of education as suggested are already the aims of peace education along with other aims.

Therefore, peace education is beneficial to all. Peace education promotes peoples peace which protects commons; guards the poor man’s access to food, cloth, shelter, education, health and social contact and reserves to weak, sick, old, handicapped, mentally retarded, widows and beggars exceptional rights for utilizing environment and other resources for their development and improvement in their conditions; encourages to provide relief to the victims of natural calamities and man and woman-created violence and war; helps all to be free from to oppress and to be oppressed, last but not the least, creates a Culture of Peace for sustainable peace for all. Thus peace education enables poor and rich both in learning and practicing the values of Altruism, Justice, Equity, Trusteeship and, Non-violence. Peace education, therefore, should be part and parcel of all education, and for all grades from school through university to out-of-campus education, and it should be continued lifelong to eradicate poverty and remove ignorance to enable the persons in the societies of nations, nation states, the UN and NGOs to provide the peoples better global governance or better global service to their welfare.

But realities are that all have access neither to formal education nor to peace education. And regarding formal education, we are aware about the large number of illiterates in the world. And concerning peace education many countries do not have peace education in their official texts for schools, colleges and universities. However, there is a substantial minority of countries where peace education exists.

The world has enough means and resources to provide education for all including to meet their other basic needs. While the world population in 2025 is estimated to be around 8.2 to 8.3 billion people, But as of late 2025, the richest 10% of the world’s population owns approximately three-quarters (75%) of all personal wealth, while the bottom 50% owns just 2%. The top 1% alone controls around 45% of global wealth. The wealth of the whole world is the heritage of all who live on the earth. It is a matter of will for sharing their resources with have-not states for proper planning of education of their people. Therefore the UN and the NGOs must be vigilant in the financial management of the Nation-States concerning their investment in education and peace education for all people. They should assist the nation-states in implementing education and peace education for all in schools and colleges and universities making the nation-states to realize that expenditure on education is not ‘expenditure’ but it is ‘investment’ in human resource development and in long run, not only particular society, but all societies of the world will get heavy returns for centuries while the cost of ignorance can be very high for every society. Hence, education (including higher education) and above all peace education are highly merit goods, and should not be compared with electricity, diesel and fertilizer. And education and peace education should be first priority of nation-states, and there should be maximum allocation of funds for them.

Therefore, let the education and peace education be free for all, in all and perpetually life-long. Their teachers should be given full protection and comfort for executing their mission of facilitating the learning situation and environment so that more efficiently and effectively with full of their devotion and dedication they can perform their duty for conscientizing all towards peace and security.

Thus apart from students of formal system of educational institutions and those out of-campuses, persons in the nation states (governments), their delegates to the United Nations and representatives of people in NGOs also must learn about peace education to provide better global governance for maintaining security and peace of all.

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This article is based on the author’s Gust Speech given on the topic: Global Governance for Security and Peace of All: The Role of Peace Education at the International Conference organized in Commemoration Ceremony of 19^th Anniversary of the UN International Day of Peace on the theme: Global Governance in the 21st Century for 19-20 September 2000 at Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea, and it was published in the Proceedings of the Conference, and also in Peace Education: An International Journal, Vol. 17, 2010-2011 and in Peace and Conflict Monitor (A Journal of UN Mandated University for Peace, Costa Rica), 6 January 2012.

Dr. Surya Nath Prasad, Former President of the International Association of Educators for World Peace (IAEWP), Retired Professor of Education (India), Former Visiting Professor at Graduate Institute of Peace Studies, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea, Founder and Editor-in-Chief of Peace Education: An International Journal. dr_suryanathprasad@yahoo.co.in

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