This Week in History

HISTORY, 1 Jun 2015

Satoshi Ashikaga – TRANSCEND Media Service

June 1-7

QUOTE OF THE WEEK: “Beware the bareness of a busy life.” – Socrates

JUNE 1

2014  Benjamin Netanyahu, Israel’s Prime Minister, advises other nations to be cautious in recognizing the new Palestinian government, formed by agreement between Islamist rival groups Fatah and Hamas; Hamas plans to maintain its anti-Zionist stance.

For Fatah and Hamas relations, visit the following websites, for instance, among many others:

For Zionism, visit the following websites, for instance, among many others:

For anti-Zionism, visit the following websites, for instance, among many others:

For Fatah, visit the following websites, for instance, among many others:

For Hamas and Israel, visit the following websites, for instance, among many others:

For the State of Palestine and its international recognition, visit the following web sites, for instance, among many others:

2011  The US announces it will boycott an anti-racism conference at the United Nations due to concerns over anti-Semetism.

2001  Dolphinarium massacre: A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 at a disco in Tel Aviv.

2001  Nepalese royal massacre: Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal shoots and kills several members of his family including his father and mother, King Birendra of Nepal and Queen Aiswarya.

1990  George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production.

1980  Cable News Network (CNN) begins broadcasting.

1979  The first black-led government of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 90 years takes power.

1978  The first international applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty are filed.

1963  Kenya gains internal self-rule (Madaraka Day).

1958  Charles de Gaulle comes out of retirement to lead France by decree for six months.

1946  Ion Antonescu, “Conducator” (leader) of Romania during World War II, is executed.

1941  The Farhud, a pogrom of Iraqi Jews, takes place in Baghdad.

1941  World War II: the Battle of Crete ends as Crete capitulates to Germany.

1929  The 1st Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America is held in Buenos Aires.

1921  Tulsa Race Riot: civil unrest in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

1918  World War I, Western Front: Battle for Belleau Wood – Allied Forces under John J. Pershing and James Harbord engage Imperial German Forces under Wilhelm, German Crown Prince.

1916  Louis Brandeis becomes the first Jew appointed to the United States Supreme Court.

1913  The Greek–Serbian Treaty of Alliance is signed, paving the way for the Second Balkan War.

1879  Napoleon Eugene, the last dynastic Bonaparte, is killed in the Anglo-Zulu War.

1868  The Treaty of Bosque Redondo is signed, allowing the Navajos to return to their lands in Arizona and New Mexico.

1831  James Clark Ross discovers the Magnetic North Pole.

1815  Napoleon promulgates a revised Constitution after it passes a plebiscite.

1812  War of 1812: The U.S. President James Madison asks the Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.

1794  The battle of the Glorious First of June is fought, the first naval engagement between Britain and France during the French Revolutionary Wars.

 

 

JUNE 2

2012  The former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak is sentenced to life imprisonment for his role in the killing of demonstrators during the 2011 Egyptian revolution.

1999  The Bhutan Broadcasting Service brings television transmissions to the Kingdom for the first time.

1967  Protests in West Berlin against the arrival of the Shah of Iran turn into riots, during which Benno Ohnesorg is killed by a police officer. His death results in the founding of the terrorist group Movement 2 June.

1955  The USSR and Yugoslavia sign the Belgrade declaration and thus normalize relations between both countries, discontinued since 1948.

1946  Birth of the Italian Republic: In a referendum, Italians vote to turn Italy from a monarchy into a Republic. After the referendum, King Umberto II of Italy is exiled.

1941  World War II: German paratoopers murder Greek civilians in the village of Kondomari.

1924  The U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs the Indian Citizenship Act into law, granting citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States.

1910  Charles Rolls, a co-founder of Rolls-Royce Limited, becomes the first man to make a non-stop double crossing of the English Channel by plane

1909  Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.

1896  Guglielmo Marconi applies for a patent for his newest invention, the radio.

1876  Hristo Botev, a national revolutionary of Bulgaria, is killed in Stara Planina

1866  Fenian raids: the Fenians are victorious over Canadian forces in both the Battle of Ridgeway and the Battle of Fort Erie.

1848  The Slavic congress in Prague begins.

1805  Napoleonic Wars: A Franco–Spanish fleet recaptures Diamond Rock, an uninhabited island at the entrance to the bay leading to Fort-de-France, from the British.

1793  French Revolution: François Hanriot, leader of the Parisian National Guard, arrests 22 Girondists selected by Jean-Paul Marat, setting the stage for the Reign of Terror.

1774  Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act is enacted, allowing a governor in colonial America to house British soldiers in uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings if suitable quarters are not provided.

 

 

JUNE 3

2013  The trial of United States Army private Chelsea Manning for leaking classified material to WikiLeaks begins in Fort Meade, Maryland.

2006  The union of Serbia and Montenegro comes to an end with Montenegro‘s formal declaration of independence.

1992  Aboriginal Land Rights are granted in Australia in Mabo v Queensland (No 2), a case brought by Eddie Mabo.

1989  The government of China sends troops to force protesters out of Tiananmen Square after seven weeks of occupation.

1987  The Vanuatu Labour Party is founded.

1984  Operation Blue Star, a military offensive, is launched by the Indian government at Harmandir Sahib, also known as the Golden Temple, the holiest shrine for the Sikhs, in Amritsar. The operation continues until June 6, with casualties, most of them civilians, in excess of 5,000.

1983  Director John Badham’s frightening motion picture “War Games,” starring actor Matthew Broderick, premiered at U.S. theaters.

1982  The Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, is shot on a London street. He survives but is permanently paralysed.

1979  A blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico causes at least 3,000,000 barrels (480,000 m3) of oil to be spilled into the waters, the second-worst accidental oil spill ever recorded.

1963  The Buddhist crisis: Soldiers of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam attack protesting Buddhists in Huế, South Vietnam, with liquid chemicals from tear-gas grenades, causing 67 people to be hospitalised for blistering of the skin and respiratory ailments.

1959  Singapore was declared a self-governing state even though it was still a part of the British Empire.

1950  The first successful ascent of an Eight-thousander; the summit of Annapurna is reached by Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal.

1943  In Los Angeles, California, white U.S. Navy sailors and Marines clash with Latino youths in the Zoot Suit Riots.

1942 World War II: Japan begins the Aleutian Islands Campaign by bombing Unalaska Island.

1941  World War II: The Wehrmacht razes the Greek village of Kandanos to the ground, killing 180 of its inhabitants.

1940  Franz Rademacher proposes plans to make Madagascar the “Jewish homeland”, an idea that had first been considered by 19th century journalist Theodor Herzl.

1940  World War II: The Battle of Dunkirk ends with a German victory and with Allied forces in full retreat.

1940  World War II: The Luftwaffe bombs Paris.

1916  The National Defense Act is signed into law, increasing the size of the United States National Guard by 450,000 men.

1889  The first long-distance electric power transmission line in the United States is completed, running 14 miles (23 km) between a generator at Willamette Falls and downtown Portland, Oregon.

1885  In the last military engagement fought on Canadian soil, the Cree leader, Big Bear, escapes the North-West Mounted Police.

1839  In Humen, China, Lin Tse-hsü destroys 1.2 million kg of opium confiscated from British merchants, providing Britain with a casus belli to open hostilities, resulting in the First Opium War.

 

 

JUNE 4

2012  US drone attack kills 15 [or 16] militants in Pakistan, including high ranking al-Qaeda official, Abu Yahya al-Libi.

For drones, including those for military use, in general, visit the following websites, for instance, among many others:

For various problems on the military drone, visit the following websites, for instance, among many others:

For related topics, visit the following websites, for instance, among many others:

For Abū Yahyā al-Lībī, visit:

For Al-Qaeda, visit the following websites, for instance, among many others:

2001  Gyanendra, the last King of Nepal, ascends to the throne after the massacre in the Royal Palace.

1998  Terry Nichols is sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing.

1989  Solidarity‘s victory in the first (somewhat) free parliamentary elections in post-war Poland sparks off a succession of peaceful anti-communist revolutions in Eastern Europe, leads to the creation of the so-called Contract Sejm and begins the Autumn of Nations.

1989  The Tiananmen Square protests are violently ended in Beijing by the People’s Liberation Army, with at least 241 dead.

1989  Ali Khamenei is elected as the new Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran by the Assembly of Experts after the death and funeral of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

1986  Jonathan Pollard pleads guilty to espionage for selling top secret United States military intelligence to Israel.

1979  Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings takes power in Ghana after a military coup in which General Fred Akuffo is overthrown.

1970  Tonga gains independence from the United Kingdom.

1961  In the Vienna summit, the Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev sparks the Berlin Crisis by threatening to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany and ending American, British and French access to East Berlin.

1944  World War II: Rome falls to the Allies, the first Axis capital to fall.

1944  World War II: A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the German submarine U-505 – the first time a U.S. Navy vessel had captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.

1943  A military coup in Argentina ousts Ramón Castillo.

1942  World War II: The Battle of Midway begins. The Japanese Admiral Chuichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island by much of the Imperial Japanese navy.

1941  Croatia orders all Jews to wear a star with the letter Z.

1941  Nazis forbid Jews access to beaches & swimming pools.

1940  World War II: The Dunkirk evacuation ends – British forces complete evacuation of 338,000 troops from Dunkirk in France. To rally the morale of the country, Winston Churchill delivers his famous “We shall fight on the beaches” speech.

1939  Holocaust: The MS St. Louis, a ship carrying 963 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida, in the United States, after already being turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, more than 200 of its passengers later die in Nazi concentration camps.

1932  Marmaduke Grove and other Chilean military officers lead a coup d’etat establishing the short-lived Socialist Republic of Chile.

1928  The President of the Republic of China, Zhang Zuolin, is assassinated by Japanese agents.

1920  Hungary loses 71% of its territory and 63% of its population when the Treaty of Trianon is signed in Paris.

1919  Women’s rights: The U.S. Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.

1916  World War I: Russia opens the Brusilov Offensive with an artillery barrage of Austro-Hungarian lines in Galicia.

1896  Henry Ford completes the Ford Quadricycle, his first gasoline-powered automobile, and gives it a successful test run.

1878  Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.

1859  Italian Independence wars: In the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeat the Austrian army.

1925  General Lafayette, a French officer in the American Revolutionary War, speaks at what would become Lafayette Square, Buffalo, during his visit to the United States.

1794  British troops capture Port-au-Prince in Haiti.

 

 

JUNE 5

2009  After 65 straight days of civil disobedience, at least 31 people are killed in clashes between security forces and indigenous people near Bagua, Peru.

2006  Serbia declares independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.

2000  The Six-Day War in Kisangani begins in Kisangani, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between Ugandan and Rwandan forces. A large part of the city is destroyed.

1995  The Bose–Einstein condensate is first created.

1989  The Tank Man halts the progress of a column of advancing tanks for over half an hour after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

1984  The Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, orders an attack on the Golden Temple, the holiest site of the Sikh religion.

1981  The “Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report” of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that five people in Los Angeles, California, have a rare form of pneumonia seen only in patients with weakened immune systems, in what turns out to be the first recognized cases of AIDS.

1977  A coup takes place in Seychelles.

1975  The United Kingdom holds its first country-wide referendum on remaining in the European Economic Community (EEC).

1975  The Suez Canal opens for the first time since the Six-Day War.

1972  UN Conference on Human Environment opens in Stockholm.

1969  The International communist conference begins in Moscow.

1968  Robert F. Kennedy, a U.S. presidential candidate, is shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, by Sirhan Sirhan, a Palestinian. Kennedy dies the next day.

1967  The Six-Day War begins: Israel launches surprise strikes against Egyptian air-fields in response to the mobilisation of Egyptian forces on the Israeli border.

1964  DSV Alvin is commissioned.

1963  Movement of 15 Khordad: Protests against the arrest of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini by the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In several cities, masses of angry demonstrators are confronted by tanks and paratroopers.

1959  The first government of the State of Singapore is sworn in.

1949  Thailand elects Orapin Chaiyakan, the first female member of Thailand’s Parliament.

1947  Marshall Plan: In a speech at Harvard University, the United States Secretary of State George Marshall calls for economic aid to war-torn Europe.

1945  The Allied Control Council, the military occupation governing body of Germany, formally takes power.

1944  World War II: More than 1000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day.

1942  World War II: The United States declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania.

1941  World War II: Four thousand Chongqing residents are asphyxiated in a bomb shelter during the Bombing of Chongqing.

1940  World War II: After a brief lull in the Battle of France, the Germans renew the offensive against the remaining French divisions south of the River Somme in Operation Fall Rot (“Case Red”).

1933  The U.S. Congress abrogates the United States’ use of the gold standard by enacting a joint resolution (48 Stat. 112) nullifying the right of creditors to demand payment in gold.

1917  World War I: Conscription begins in the United States as “Army registration day”.

1916  Louis Brandeis is sworn in as a Justice of the United States Supreme Court; he is the first American Jew to hold such a position.

1915  Denmark amends its constitution to allow women’s suffrage.

1900  Second Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria.

1883  The first regularly scheduled Orient Express departs Paris.

Peace train related events and/or programs in the contemporary age:

1862  As the Treaty of Saigon is signed, ceding parts of southern Vietnam to France, the guerrilla leader Trương Định decides to defy Emperor Tự Đức of Vietnam and fight on against the Europeans.

1851  Harriet Beecher Stowe‘s anti-slavery serial, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly, starts a ten-month run in the National Era abolitionist newspaper.

1832  The June Rebellion breaks out in Paris in an attempt to overthrow the monarchy of Louis Philippe.

1798  The Battle of New Ross: The attempt to spread the United Irish Rebellion into Munster is defeated.

 

 

JUNE 6

2014  World leaders gather in France to mark the 70th anniversary of D-Day; Russian President Vladimir Putin meets with Ukrainian President-elect Petro Poroshenko and others concerning the need to resolve the conflict in eastern Ukraine.

D-Day:

Conflict in eastern Ukraine:

2005  In Gonzales v. Raich, the United States Supreme Court upholds a federal law banning cannabis, including medical marijuana.

2004  Tamil is established as a “classical language” by the President of India, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, in a joint sitting of the two houses of the Indian Parliament.

2002  Eastern Mediterranean event. A near-Earth asteroid estimated at ten meters in diameter explodes over the Mediterranean Sea between Greece and Libya. The resulting explosion is estimated to have a force of 26 kilotons, slightly more powerful than the Nagasaki atomic bomb.

1993  Mongolia holds its first direct presidential elections.

1985  The grave of “Wolfgang Gerhard” is opened in Embu, Brazil; the exhumed remains are later proven to be those of Josef Mengele, Auschwitz‘s “Angel of Death”. Mengele is thought to have drowned while swimming in February 1979.

1982  The 1982 Lebanon War begins. Forces under Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade southern Lebanon during Operation Peace for the Galilee, eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut.

1972  U.S bombs Haiphong, North-Vietnam; 1000s killed.

1971  Vietnam War: the Battle of Long Khanh between Australian and Vietnamese communist forces begins.

1968  Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy: Robert F. Kennedy, Democratic Party senator from New York and brother of 35th President John F. Kennedy, dies from gunshot wounds inflicted on June 5.

1944  World War II: the Battle of Normandy begins. D-Day, code named Operation Overlord, commences with the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France. The allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland in the largest amphibious military operation in history.

1942  World War II: Battle of Midway. U.S. Navy dive bombers sink the Japanese cruiser Mikuma and four Japanese carriers.

1934  New Deal: the U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Securities Act of 1933 into law, establishing the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

1932  The Revenue Act of 1932 is enacted, creating the first gas tax in the United States, at a rate of 1 cent per US gallon (1⁄4¢/L) sold.

1919  The Republic of Prekmurje ends.

1918  World War I: Battle of Belleau Wood – The U.S. Marine Corps suffers its worst single day’s casualties while attempting to recapture the wood at Château-Thierry.

1909  French troops capture Abéché (in modern-day Chad) and install a puppet sultan in the Ouaddai Empire.

1882  The Shewan forces of Menelik II of Ethiopia defeat the Gojjame army in the Battle of Embabo. The Shewans capture Negus Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam, and their victory leads to a Shewan hegemony over the territories south of the Abay River.

1882  More than 100,000 inhabitants of Bombay are killed when a cyclone in the Arabian Sea pushes huge waves into the harbour.

1859  Australia: Queensland is established as a separate colony from New South Wales (Queensland Day).

1844  Australia: Queensland is established as a separate colony from New South Wales (Queensland Day).

1832  The June Rebellion in Paris is put down by the National Guard.

1813  War of 1812: Battle of Stoney Creek – A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeats an American force twice its size under William Winder and John Chandler.

1808  Napoleon‘s brother, Joseph Bonaparte, is crowned King of Spain.

1762  British forces begin a siege of Havana and temporarily capture the city in the Battle of Havana.

 

 

JUNE 7

2000  The United Nations defines the Blue Line as the border between Israel and Lebanon.

1981  The Israeli Air Force destroyed Iraq‘s Osiraq nuclear reactor during Operation Opera.

1971  The United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction of Paul Cohen for disturbing the peace, setting the precedent that vulgar writing is protected under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

1967  Six-Day War: Israeli soldiers enter Jerusalem.

1965  The Supreme Court of the United States hands down its decision in Griswold v. Connecticut, effectively legalizing the use of contraception by married couples.

1948  Edvard Beneš resigns as President of Czechoslovakia rather than signing the Ninth-of-May Constitution, making his nation a Communist state.

1944  World War II: Battle of Normandy – At Abbey Ardennes, members of the SS Division Hitlerjugend massacre 23 Canadian prisoners of war.

1944  World War II: The steamer Danae, carrying 350 Cretan Jews and 250 Cretan partisans, is sunk without survivors off the shore of Santorini.

1942  World War II: Aleutian Islands Campaign: Imperial Japanese soldiers begin occupying the American islands of Attu and Kiska, in the Aleutian Islands off Alaska.

1942  World War II: The Battle of Midway ends in American victory.

1940  King Haakon VII, Crown Prince Olav and the Norwegian government leaves Tromsø and goes into exile in London. They return exactly five years later

1938  Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Nationalist government creates the 1938 Yellow River flood to halt Japanese forces. 500,000 to 900,000 civilians are killed.

1929  The Lateran Treaty is ratified, bringing Vatican City into existence.

1919  Sette giugno: Four people are killed in a riot in Malta.

1917  World War I: Battle of Messines – Allied soldiers detonate ammonal mines underneath German trenches at Messines Ridge, killing 10,000 German troops.

1905  Norway‘s parliament dissolves its union with Sweden. The vote was confirmed by a national plebiscite on August 13 of that year.

1893  Mohandas Gandhi commits his first act of civil disobedience.

1892  Homer Plessy is arrested for refusing to leave his seat in the “whites-only” car of a train; he lost the resulting court case, Plessy v. Ferguson.

1880  War of the Pacific: The Battle of Arica, the assault and capture of Morro de Arica (Arica Cape), ends the Campaña del Desierto (Desert Campaign).

1866  1,800 Fenian raiders are repelled back to the United States after they looted and plundered around Saint-Armand and Frelighsburg, Quebec.

1863  During the French intervention in Mexico, Mexico City is captured by French troops.

_____________________________

Satoshi Ashikaga is a member of the TRANSCEND Network for Peace, Development and Environment originally from Japan.

(Sources and references: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_1 to June_7; http://www.historyorb.com/events/june/1 to june/7; http://www.brainyhistory.com/days/june_1.html to june_7.html; and other pertinent websites and documents, mentioned above.) Note that the views expressed in the cited or quoted websites and/or documents in this article do not necessarily reflect those of the editor/complier of this article. These websites and/or documents are cited or quoted for academic or educational purposes. Neither the author of this article nor the TMS is responsible for the information, or whatsoever contained in these websites and/or documents.

This article originally appeared on Transcend Media Service (TMS) on 1 Jun 2015.

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